MUHAMMAD IKRAMUDIN

(Q1A119046)
ITP A 2019

TUGAS APLIKASI BIOTEKNOLOGI PANGAN

Overview jurnal internasional yang membahas aplikasi rekayasa genetik

untuk :
1. Peningkatan kinerja enzim (2 jurnal)
2. Peningkatan produk metabolit sekunder dari mikroorganisme (2 jurnal)
Metode
No Judul Penulis Tahun Rekayasa Hasil yang berhubungan
yang dengan peningkatan
digunakan enzim/metabolit
1. Hauwa H., 2019 recombinant Sethi (2016) who reported
Jurnal Adamu DNA highest activity of A . terrus
Shahida techniques. at 96hrs then there was a
peningkatan Ahmed, and decline in growth after 72
kinerja enzim R.M. Sokoto hrs and 96 hrs. This
could be that after
maximum production of
Production of amylase the production of
Bioenzymes with other byproducts and
Banana Peels by some depletion of nutrients. The
Selected Fungi byproducts
Isolated from Poultry inhibited the growth of
Droppings in Sokoto, fungi and hence enzyme
North Eastern Nigeria formation. From the figure
Curvularia sp recorded the
least activity of 0.40
mg/ml after 96 hrs of
incubation among the three
fungal isolates. This agrees
with the findings of
Kathiresan et al., 2006 who
reported maximum activity
in 96 hrs by penicillinium
fellutanum.
The effect of temperature
on amylase production by
the fungal isolates is shown
in Figure 4. Aspergillus
niger had amylase
activity of 0.40 mg/ml/ at
35oC, this was followed by
an increase in amylase
activity as the temperature
increased. Maximum
amylase activity of 0.55
mg/ml was recorded at
75oC The optimum
temperature for amylase
enzyme activity produced
by
Aspergillus terrus was also
at 75oC with an enzyme
activity of 2.02 mg/ml
,minimum activity was
recorded at 35oC with an
activity of 1.01 mg/ml.
Curvularia sp had minimum
amylase activity at 35oC
(0.45 mg/ml ) , maximum
activity was recorded at
75oC (0.87 mg/ml). this
result is contrary to the
report of kandu and Das
(1970) and Ray 2004 who
reported A. oryzae,
Betryodiplodia
theobromae, and rhizophus
oryzae had maximum
activity at 30oC
Mannivannan 2006 also
reported 30oC as
optimum for Penicillium
fellutanum isolated from
mangrove rhizosphere soil.
The effect of pH on the
activity of amylase
produced by fungal isolates
is shown in Fig 5.From the
figure A niger had amylase
activity of 0.96 mg/ml at pH
value of 3,this
was followed by an
decrease in amylase activity
as pH of increase . (0.45
mg/ml) 0.38mg/ml, 0.39
mg/ml and the 0.38mg/ml
at
pH value 11 the highest
enzyme activity was
recorded at pH 3 by
Aspergillus niger Aspergillus
terrus recorded its lowest
activity
at pH of 11 with 0.063
mg/ml. Curvularia sp had
an amylase activity of 0.41
mg/ml at pH of 11.
Aspergillus terrus recorded
the
highest activity of amylase
production with an activity
of 1.58 mg/ml at pH 3. This
findings does not agree
with the report of Pate
et al.2005 who reported
A.oryzae had amylase
activity at pH 5 and also
contradict the findings of
Olama and Sabry 1989
where
he reported highest
amylase activity at pH 7 by
A. flavus and A.niger at pH
5, this study suggest that
enzyme require wide range
of
pH from slightly acidic to
alkaline the high pH activity
suggest the presence of
alpha amylase and
glucoamylase Abu et al.,
2005
this property makes the
enzyme suitable for
industrial production of
paper and detergents. This
study Agrees with findings
of
Bajpai and Bajpai (1989),
who reported higher
amylase activity of A.niger
at pH 10-11.

This study revealed that

poultry droppings and
Banana peel, are examples
of domestic and industrial
agro-wastes, that can be
use
to produce large amounts
of amylase, enzymes when
 hydrolyzed by amylolytic,
microorganisms instead of
being left alone for
natural degradation, these
enzymes can be utilized
effectively under optimum
conditions, to produce
amylase.
2. Jurnal Yu-Jin Jung, 2018 zinc finger Pairwise comparison of
Franz nucleases starch content between the
peningkatan Marielle (ZFN) wildtype and the transgenic
kinerja enzim Nogoy, Sang- plants showed significantly
Kyu Lee, (P < 0.05, Student's t-test)
Yong-Gu lower content at the end of
Application of ZFN for Cho, and the
Site Directed Kwon-Kyoo day and at the end of the
Mutagenesis of Rice Kang night (Fig. 6). The t-test
SSIVa Gene analysis
revealed that the starch
levels were higher at the
end of the
day compared to those at
the end of the night for
both wild
type and transgenic plants.
In our previous study, RNAi-
SSSI transgenic plants
showed different enzyme
activities
in rice grains [24]. This
could be due to the RNAi
vector
effecting low expression of
SSSI which subsequently
affected other various
enzymes (SSS, SBE and
SDBE) in
amylopectin synthesis. So
the results indicated that
we
could get similar result as in
RNAi experiments in this
study. SSIVa is an enzyme
that is involved in
elongating the
long chains with a DP
(degree of polymerization)
of glucosyl
units therefore, it plays a
crucial role in the
biosynthesis of
 amylopectin [25].
This study showed that
regulation of endogenous
SSIVa
through gene editing is an
invaluable technique that
could
aid in developing rice
variety with improved
eating quality.
3. Jurnal RH Baltz 2021 Cloning and Cloning and sequencing the
neutral in sites of insertion should
peningkatan sertion of help de®ne the nature of
produk genes the genetic changes, and
metabolit de®ne the steps needed to
sekunder dari further exploit the
observations (eg, delete a
mikroorganism negative regulatory gene or
add a second copy of a
New genetic methods positive regulatory gene).
to improve secondary This example demonstrates
metabolite that transposition
production in mutagenesis can be used to
Streptomyces induce mutations that
enhance product yield, and
might aid in determining
which genes are critical in
controlling the levels of
secondary metabolite
production in
streptomycetes.
4. Jurnal SAKSHI 2020 plant tissue Using plant tissue culture
Peningkatan SHARMA, isolation techniques is the major
SHIVIKA method basis for this as these
produk SHARMA, techniques can help in the
metabolit SARVJEET production when the
sekunder dari KUKREJA, supply is limited or
mikroorganism VIKASH S. resources are in scarcity.
JADON AND Several new strategies
VIKAS metabolic engineering and
PLANT TISSUE SHARMA* recent biotechnological
CULTURE METHODS tools could enhance the
IN SECONDARY production of secondary
METABOLITE metabolites. Knowledge
PRODUCTION – A on genetic engineering
MINI REVIEW can help in the
generation of the
secondary metabolites by
modification of genes in
the production pathway.
Thus, with the proper
knowledge of all the
metabolic pathways this
emerging technique can
be help in the enhanced
production of secondary
metabolites.