Body Tissues

Body Tissues 

tissue - ţesut
adipose tissue - ţesut adipos; grăsime
 Groups of cells which are similar
in structure and function are called

Part 1
 bone tissue (syn.) osseous tissue (syn.) bony tissue - tissues. The four primary tissue
ţesut osos types – epithelium, connective
 cancellous tissue - ţesut spongios tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle
 connective tissue (syn.) interstitial tissue - ţesut – interweave to form the “fabric”
conjunctiv, ţesut interstiţial of the body. If we have to assign a
 tissue damage - leziune tisulară single term to each primary tissue
 tissue graft - grefă tisulară type that would best describe its
muscular tissue (syn.) muscle tissue - ţesut overall role, the terms would most
The Faculty of Medicine

muscular likely be covering (epithelium),
 nervous tissue (syn.) nerve tissue - ţesut nervos support (connective), movement
tissular - tisular (muscle), and control (nervous).
First year

 epithelium - epiteliu
Tissues are organized into organs
such as the heart, the kidneys, and
 epithelial - epitelial the lungs. Most organs contain
Seminar 21 - Week 6-10 April 


to interweave, interwove, interwoven - a se îmbina,
a se încrucişa
overall - total, global, general
several tissue types, and the
arrangement of the tissues
determines each organ’s structure
 overall condition - stare generală and what it is able to do.
 overall health - stare generală de sănătate
 covering - învelitoare, husă, membrană, căptuşire

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Body Tissues Body Tissues

 lining - căptuşire, înveliş; mucoasă
 to line - a acoperi, a căptuşi; a linia
 glandular (syn.) glandulous - glandular
 glandular fever (syn.) infectious mononucleosis
(syn.) kissing disease - febră glandulară,
mononucleoză infecţioasă, “boala sărutului”
 glandular tissue - ţesut gladular
 dip - imersiune, imersare, înmuiere, baie
 to dip, dipped, dipped - a cufunda, a îmbiba, a
imersa
 cavity (syn.) cavitas (pl. cavitates) (syn.) cavum
(pl. cava) - cavitate, cavum; cavitate a cariei
 abdominal cavity (syn.) cavitas abdominalis -
cavitate abdominală
 buccal cavity (syn.) vestibulum oris (syn.)
vestibule of mouth - vestibulul cavităţii bucale
chest cavity (syn.) thoracic cavity (syn.) cavitas
 
thoracis - cavitate toracică
 cavitary -cavitar
 boundary - limită, prag, demarcaţie
 to give off – a degaja, a emana, a emite; a
produce, a răspândi
 Epithelial tissue or epithelium
(epithe = laid on, covering) is the
lining, covering, and glandular
tissue of the body. Glandular
epithelium forms various glands in
the body. Covering and lining
epithelium covers all free body
surfaces and contains versatile
cells. One type forms the outer
layer of the skin. Others dip into
the body to line its cavities. Since
epithelium forms the boundaries
that separate us from the outside
world, nearly all substances given
off or received by the body must
pass through the epithelium.
 protection - protecţie, protejare; ocrotire
 The epithelial functions include
 welfare protection - protecţie socială protection, absorption, filtration,
protective - protector
 and secretion. For example, the
 protector - protector, apărător; dispozitiv de siguranţă epithelium of the skin protects
to absorb – a absorbi, a înghiţi; a îngloba, a încorpora,
 against bacterial and chemical
a integra damage, and that lining the
absorption (syn.) absorbtio - absorbţie, aspirare;
 respiratory tract has cilia, which
încorporare, înglobare, integrare sweep dust and other debris away
absorptive - absorbitor, sugativ; de amortizare
 from the lungs. The epithelium
 to filtrate - a filtra specialized to absorb substances
 filtration - filtrare lines some digestive system organs
such as the stomach and small
 filter-passing - filtrant
 filtrate - lichid filtrat, filtrat, filtru intestine, which absorb food into
 secretion - secreţie the body. In the kidneys, the
 secretory - secretor epithelium both absorbs and filters.
 CILI(O)- formă combinatorie cu sensul de geană, cil
Secretion is a specialty of the
glands, which produce such
ciliary -ciliar substances as perspiration, oil,
cilium (pl. cilia) - cil; geană, cil palpebral
 digestive enzymes, and mucus.
 to sweep, swept, swept - a mătura; a goni
 debris - rămăşiţe, fragmente; eschile osoase
 perspiration - perspiraţie; sudoare
 to perspire (syn.) sweat - a elimina prin sudaţie, a
transpira; a asuda

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 Body Tissues
 characteristic (syn.) trait - caracteristică, trăsătură,
însuşire, particularitate
 fit - criză, acces, atac; criză de isterie; acces de
epilepsie; adaptare, potrivire
fit - bun (la, pentru), adecvat, potrivit, satisfăcător,

corespunzător; sănătos, în formă
to fit - a potrivi, a adapta; a monta, a instala
 inervare
sheet - cearceaf, foaie, coală, fâşie lată

 bound - legat, ataşat
 to bind, bound, bound - a lega, a uni, a lega, a
bandaja
 desmosome (syn.) bridge corpuscle - desmozom,
corpuscul de legătură
 junction (syn.) juncture (syn.) junctura (pl.
juncturae) - joncţiune, junctură; legătură, unire;
articulaţie, încheietură
 edge - margine, muchie; tăiş
 apical - apical
 apex (pl. apices) - apex, vârf
 smooth - neted, plan, lustruit; şlefuit, fără cute
 to smooth - a netezi; a egaliza; a linişti, a calma
 smoothing - netezire, aplatizare
 microvillus (pl. microvilli) - microvil
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Body Tissues
 squamous (syn.) scaly - scuamos, solzos
 SQUAM(O)- formă combinatorie cu
sensul de solzi
 squama (pl. squamae) - scuamă
 flat - plat, orizontal, întins, plan, turtit
 to flatten – a aplatiza, a turti
 scale - scală, scară gradată, gradare,
gradaţie; solz; crustă; coajă, pojghiţă
 to scale - a coji, a jupui, a decortica, a lua
pielea; a detartra, a decapa
 to scale off - a descuama
 scaled - solzos
 dice (sg. die) – zaruri
 die - model de bont coronar
 column (syn.) columna (pl. columnae) -
coloană, columnă; stâlp, pilon
 stratification - stratificare
 stratified - stratificat
 stratiform - stratiform
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Special characteristics of the
epithelium
 Epithelial cells fit closely together
to form continuous sheets.
Neighbouring cells are bound
together at many points by cell
junctions, including desmosomes
and tight junctions.
 The membranes always have one
free (unattached) surface or edge.
This so-called apical surface is
exposed to the body’s exterior or to
the cavity of an internal organ. The
exposed surfaces of some epithelia
are slick and smooth, but others
exhibit cell surface modifications,
such as microvilli or cilia.
 Classification of the epithelium
The covering and lining epithelia
are classified according to cell
shape and arrangement. Squamous
cells are flattened like fish scales
(squam = scale), cuboidal cells are
cube-shaped like dice, and
columnar cells are shaped like
columns. According to the
classification by cell arrangement
(layers) there are two types: simple
epithelium (one layer of cells) and
stratified epithelium (more than
one cell layer). The terms
describing the shape and
arrangement are then combined to
describe the epithelium fully.
Stratified epithelia are named for
the cells at the free surface of the
epithelial membrane, not those
resting on the basement membrane.
Body Tissues
 basement - temelie, fundaţie, fundament, bază  The lower surface of an epithelium
 basement membrane (syn.) basement lamina - rests on a basement membrane, a
membrană bazală structureless material secreted by
 supply - aprovizionare, livrare; rezervă the cells.
 blood supply - irigaţie, vascularizaţie
nerve supply (syn.) innervation - inervaţie,

 Epithelial tissues have no blood
supply of their own (that is, they
 to supply - a aproviziona; a livra, a furniza are avascular) and depend on
avascular (syn.) nonvascular - avascular
 diffusion from the capillaries in the
 diffuse - difuz, neclar; împrăştiat, nelocalizat underlying connective tissue for
 to diffuse - a difuza, a răspândi; a împrăştia; a se food and oxygen.
combina prin difuziune
 diffusing - de difuziune
diffusion - difuziune, împrăştiere
 If well nourished, epithelial cells

regenerate themselves easily.
 to underlie - a fundamenta, a sta la baza
 underlying cause - cauza care stă la bază
 nourishing - nutritiv, hrănitor
 nourishment - alimentaţie; hrană, aliment
Body Tissues
 Connective tissue connects body
 to distribute - a distribui, a repartiza, a difuza; parts. It is found everywhere in the
a clasifica body. It is the most abundant and
 distribution - distribuţie, repartizare, difuzare; widely distributed of the tissue
clasificare types.
 vascular - vascular
 vascularity - vascularitate Common characteristics of
 vascularization - vascularizaţie; formare de connective tissue
vase sanguine noi
 vascularized - vascularizat
 vasculature - vasculatură, sistem vascular;  Variations in blood supply. Most
vasele unui organ connective tissues are well
 poor - sărac; sterp, nefertil; inferior, prost; slab, vascularized, but there are
biet; deficitar exceptions. Tendons and ligaments
 poor health - sănătate precară have a poor blood supply, and
 poor memory (syn.) failing memory - cartilages are avascular.
memorie slabă Consequently, all these structures
heal very slowly when injured.
 poor prognosis - prognostic nefavorabil
 poor sanitation - condiţii precare de igienă (This is why some people say that,
given a choice, they would rather
 poor vision - vedere slabă
have a broken bone than a torn
 tear - rupere, uzare; tăietură, ruptură ligament).
 to tear, tore, torn - a rupe, a distruge
 Body Tissues
 Connective tissues are made up of
many different types of cells, plus
 matrix (pl. matrices) - matrice; matriţă varying amounts of a nonliving
 extracellular matrix - matrice extracelulară substance found outside the cells,
 intracellular matrix - matrice intracelulară called the extracellular matrix. The
 to bear, bore, borne - a duce, a ţine, a matrix is produced by the
transporta; a suporta, a purta; a tolera, a răbda, a connective tissue cells and then
suferi secreted to their exterior.
 to withstand - a rezista, a opune rezistenţă, a se Depending on the connective tissue
împotrivi type, the matrix may be liquid,
 stretching - întindere, tragere, alungire| semisolid or gel-like, or very hard.
 stretch - întindere, alungire, tensiune Because of its extracellular matrix,
 stretch mark - vergetură connective tissue is able to bear
stretcher - brancardă, targă weight and to withstand stretching

and other abuses, such as abrasion,
abrasion - abraziune; julitură, jupuitură,

zgârietură; şlefuire, lustruire, roadere, ştergere that no other tissue could endure.
 abrasive – abraziv But there is variation. At one
 endurance - anduranţă, rezistenţă; durată; extreme, fat tissue is composed
suferinţă mostly of cells, and the matrix is
 exercise endurance - rezistenţă fizică, soft. At the opposite extreme, bone
rezistenţă la efort and cartilage have very few cells
 to endure - a îndura, a suporta and large amounts of hard matrix,
which makes them extremely
strong.
Body Tissues
 Various types and amounts of
 fiber (syn.) fibre (syn.) fibra (pl. fibrae) - fibers are deposited in and
fibră, filament, fir form a part of the matrix
 collagen fiber (syn.) collagenous fiber (syn.) material. They include collagen
white fiber - fibră de colagen, fibră albă
 elastic fiber (syn.) yellow fiber - fibră (white) fibers, elastic (yellow)
elastică, fibră galbenă fibers, and reticular (fine
 reticular fiber – fibră reticulară collagen) fibers. Like the rest
 fibrous - fibros of the matrix, the fibers are
 FIBR(O)- formă combinatorie cu sensul de made by connective tissue cells
fibre and then secreted.
 retial - reticular, relativ la o reţea
 Connective tissues perform
 RETICUL(O)- formă combinatorie cu sensul
de reticul, reţea many functions, but they are
 reticular (syn.) reticulated - reticular, primarily involved in
reticulat, în reţea; care are aspectul unui reticul protecting, supporting, and
 reticulation - reticulaţie, reticulare, dispunere binding together other body
în formă de reţea, striere tissues.

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