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A
MINI-PROJECT REPORT
under the
subject Project based Learning
ON
“Smart Street-Light”

Submitted by

ROLL EXAM NO STUDENT NAME

NO
631 F190250294 Kumar Shraddha Vikas
617 F190250140 Dighe Sangram Vijay
658 F190250556 Vyavahare Yash Rajendra
628 F190250278 Koli Om Vinayak
641 F190250424 Piyush Manish Pawar

Department of Engineering Sciences

AISSMS’S IOIT PUNE
2020-21
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CERTIFICATE

Certified that the mini-project work entitled “Smart Street-Light” is a bona fide work
carried out by

ROLL EXAM NO
NO STUDENT NAME

631 F190250294 Kumar Shraddha Vikas

617 F190250140 Dighe Sangram Vijay
658 F190250556 Vyavahare Yash Rajendra
628 F190250278 Koli Om Vinayak
641 F190250424 Piyush Manish Pawar

The report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project
based learning prescribed for the course.

(PROF. AMIT RAHEJA) (DR. P.G.M USRIF)

Guide Head,
Department of Engineering Sciences Department of Engineering Sciences

Place : Pune Date :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

After working 8 weeks on our project, we have successfully reached the end of our
first- year’s project-based learning activity. We would like to express our greatest
appreciation to the all individuals who have helped and supported us throughout the
project. We are thankful to our GFM Prof. Amit Raheja for his valuable guidance and
feedback which has helped us in completing this project. A special acknowledgement goes
to the teammates for keeping up the team spirt by showing keen interest in the
project discussion and also completing their task on time.

We also thank our parents for their undivided support and interest who inspired
us and encouraged us to go our own way, without whom we would be unable to
complete our project.
At the end, we want to thank our friends who displayed appreciation to our work and
motivated us to continue our work.
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ABSTRACT

The invention of the electric light bulb, 150 years ago, was one of the most
revolutionary milestones in history. This new form of light i.e., artificial light,
brightened and made safe once-dark streets, prolonged waking hours into the evening,
and brought electricity into homes for the very first time. Today, this glow has grown,
but by disturbing the balance of our eco-system. In this report we have mentioned about
the problems caused to animals, humans and atmosphere due light pollution and also
talked about the solutions in further report. We also came up with a small working
model of ‘Boltduino’ which can really help in reducing light pollution.

Through much time and effort, we have successfully conducted a survey to check the
percentage of people aware about ‘light pollution and its causes’.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Problem statement 6

2 Objective 6

3 Description 7

4 Working Model of Smart 9

Street-Light
5 Algorithm 10

6 Pseudo code 12

7 Survey 16

8 Blog 22
9 Conclusion 25

10 Future 25

11 References 26
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
To reduce light pollution caused by unnecessary usage of artificial lights at night.

OBJECTIVES

 Finding solutions and making a Boltduino model which uses PIR sensors to stop the
unnecessary use of street light.
 Creating a short survey to know the knowledge of light pollution among people with
the help of google forms.
 Creating a blog to spread a detailed information about the dark sides of artificial
light among masses.
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DESCRIPTION

Introduction:
Light pollution: it is the excessive or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light which
affects human health, wildlife behavior and our ability to observe stars and other celestial
objects.

Causes:
 Unnecessary usage of light and electricity in dark.
 Poorly designed residential, commercial, and industrial outdoor lights.
 Using unshielded lights which emits more than 50% of their light skywards or
sideways.

Effects on Ecosystem:
• On humans:
increase amount of light at night lowers melatonin production, which results in sleep
deprivation, fatigue, headaches, stress, anxiety and other health problems.
Excessive lighting or lights beams hitting eyes at wrong angle can cause temporary
blindness.
• On wildlife:
Light effects animal behavior such as migration patterns, wake-sleep habits and
habitat formation.
Sea turtle and birds guided by moonlight gets confused, lose their way and often die .
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Comparison of Light Pollution Then & Now:

• Location – Maharashtra

(FIGURE 1) COMPARISION OF LIGHT POLLUTION AT DIFFERENT TIME PERIOD

Prevention & Measures:

• Lessen the use of decorative lights.
• Instead of bulbs we can use diyas, candle or glow stones to decorate the house
during festivals.
• Streets lights should be properly covered so that light is not reflected in the sky.
• LEDs which are less powered and have warm color should be use so that our eyes
will be protected too.
• Beachfront lights can be used near sea shores so that turtles may not get distracted.
• Glow stones can be used for all your outdoor night lighting. Glow stones only emit
5-7 candelas of light and do not ‘cast’ light as electric lights do. The ambient glow
from these stones is not a source of light pollution and does not contribute to bright
skies at night.
• These stones can be used to line pathways, steps, and more outdoors instead of
bright electric lights. The best part is they do not break and do not require technical
expertise to use. Reduce your resource and light pollution impact by choosing them.
• We can reduce the unnecessary usage of street-lights by installing PIR sensors to
make them automatic. The city of Jaipur has set an excellent example by doing the
same
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Solution: Working Model of Smart Street-Light

Description:
Our project is about spreading information, knowledge and awareness about the dark
sides of Light Pollution. To do this we G2 Div-F has made a mini-project to provide a small
but effective solution to reduce light pollution and consumption of artificial light. As the title
states it gives you a brief idea about our mini-project.

Smart Street light is an effective method to reduce the consumption of artificial light which
can eventually reduce light pollution. It is a good investment that will be economical in long
run and has a simple construction with easy to install features.

Some of the key features are:

 Reduction in energy consumption, CO2 emissions and light pollution.

 Better maintenance and accountability.
 Remote monitoring, management and control of the entire lighting infrastructure.
 Open API allows easy integration with 3rd party applications.
 Automatic reports and diagnosis help tracking luminaire health and performance.
 Better electrical infrastructure extends asset lifetime.
 Improved public safety perception as streetlights illuminate automatically.
 Enhances city aesthetics through better lighting quality.
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Algorithm:
Step 1 – Start.

Step 2 – LDR sensor is turned on to detect day or night.

Step 3 – If day sensor gets reset and if night light L1, L2, L3 and L4 gets switched on.

Step 4 – PIR1 gets on. If moment is detected L5 & L6 gets switched on.

Step 5 –If no moment is detected, PIR2 gets on. If moment is detected L7 & L8 gets switched
on.

Step 6 – The same process repeats for PIR3, PIR4 and so on.

The following fig shows the proper flowchart of the whole system of operation-

(FIGURE 2) OPERATIONAL FLOWCHART

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(FIGURE 3) ON ROAD WORKING REPRESENTATION

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Pseudo Code:
import json

from time import sleep

from boltiot import Bolt

api = "api-key of boltiot"

device = "device name of boltiot"

mybolt = Bolt(api,device)

while True:

try:

analog_response = mybolt.analogRead('A0')

analog_data = json.loads(analog_response)

print("LDR value >> " + analog_data['value'])

if int(analog_data['value']) <=200:

digital_response=mybolt.digitalRead('0')

digital_data=json.loads(digital_response)

print(digital_data)

sen_value = int(digital_data['value'])

if sen_value==1:

print("Motion Detected")

mybolt.digitalWrite('1','HIGH')

mybolt.digitalWrite('2','HIGH')

sleep(10)

else:

print("Sensor's ready")

mybolt.digitalWrite('1','LOW')

mybolt.digitalWrite('2','LOW')
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else:

print("Sensor's ready")

mybolt.digitalWrite('1','LOW')

mybolt.digitalWrite('2','LOW')

except KeyboardInterrupt:

exit()

Working:
• Firstly, Mode-1 will be selected when LDR (fig. 5) detect day or night. If it senses night,
automatically the street lights at the junction of the road (L1, L2, L3 and L4) and all PIR
sensors will be switched on.

• Next, Mode-2 will take over when each PIR sensor (fig. 4) at any point senses the
motion or any movement of the vehicle within 5 meters. Arduino microcontroller will
switch on the street lights at the edge of the road. The street lights will turn on until the
PIR sensor does not sense any movement within 10 seconds, therefore street lights will
be turned off. When LDR sensor senses the intensity of light from the sun, the system
will turn off both street lights and PIR sensor. Lastly, the system will loop to the initial
condition.

(FIGURE 4) PIR MONITOR SENSOR

(FIGURE 5) LDR SENSOR

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Advantages:
• Lower light pollution in the absence of human presence, street lights dim down to a
predefined low level, reducing light pollution and substantially benefitting nocturnal
life.

(FIGURE 6) FINAL CIRCUIR ASSEMBLY

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Applications:
• Train Stations.

• Residential Areas.

• Industrial Zones.

• Parking Lots.

(FIGURE 7) DEMONSTRATIVE MODEL

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Survey

With the aim to find out the level of awareness about ‘Light Pollution’ among the
people, a short survey was taken in the form of ‘Google Form’. We asked 12 questions to
check the knowledge of the respondents on this topic. The survey was taken by 200+
individuals from different age groups and from different areas. To make the survey catchy
and attractive we inserted different kinds of images, emojis, stickers and GIFYs in the form.
This technique proved very useful to grab people’s attention.

Following are the questions asked in the survey:

1. How much are you interested in environmental issues?
2. How important do you think preserving the environment is?
3. Number of pollutions you are aware about?
4. Mention the types of pollution you have been taught about in your class.
5. Have you heard about ‘Light Pollution’ before?
6. Are you aware of the causes of ‘Light Pollution’?
7. Area where you live (urban/rural).
8. Your age group?
9. What is the color of the sky you observe in your area during night?
10. Do you know birds migrate at night and due to artificial lights, they lose their way to
home and same happens with marine life?
11. Do you know your smart phone causes light pollution?
12. After coming this long would you be willing to know more about ‘Light Pollution’
and alter your usage of light to reduce it?

Here’s a small glimpse of the format of survey form-

(FIGURE 9)
(FIGURE 8)
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Following are the responses of the few questions from the survey:

(FIGURE 10)

(FIGURE 11)

(FIGURE 12)
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(FIGURE 13)

(FIGURE 14)

(FIGURE 15)
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(FIGURE 16)

(FIGURE 17)

(FIGURE 18)
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Feedback from the respondents of the survey:

 Some of the feedbacks mentioned that they didn’t know about the term ‘Light
Pollution’ and they got curious about it and would like to discuss more.
 After taking the survey they were willing to read more on the topic.
 Some thanked for making them aware about Light Pollution.
 Most of them liked the informal format of the form and found it attractive.
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Survey Analysis
 Among the respondents about 98% of people are interested in environmental issues
and think that it is important to preserve our environment (fig. 10).
 Among the most known forms of pollution by the people were – Air, water, soil,
noise pollution (fig. 12).
Average of 91% people have studied these forms of pollution.
But only about 40% of people were familiar with the term ‘Light Pollution’.
 60% of people were unaware of the causes of the light pollution (fig. 14).
 Some who resided in rural area have observed the effect of light pollution and seen
the change of color of the night sky to a shade of orange (fig.15).
 When told the fact that due to artificial lights birds lose their way to home, 56%
people thought that it’s a major issue and steps needed to be taken to prevent this
(fig. 16).
 After finishing the survey 90% people were willing to gain more knowledge on the
topic and take steps to reduce light pollution on individual level (fig.18).

For those who were curious to read more about the Light Pollution we provided the link of
our Blog- “Dark Side of Artificial Lights” in the description of the survey.
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Blog
“Dark Side of Artificial Lights”

To spread awareness among the masses we created a blog- “Dark Side of Artificial Lights”.

You can visit this blog by clicking on this link- www.losingthedark.blogspot.com

The purpose of this blog was to explain about ‘Light Pollution’ in short and simple language,
to suggest the preventive measures to be taken to reduce light pollution and create a platform
to discuss views and ideas on the topic.

Till date we have uploaded 7 posts, explaining the topic in short and simple language.

This blog was successful in reaching over hundreds of people. With all time views of 600+.

A short glimpse of the blog

(FIGURE 11)
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(FIGURE 12)

To read entire blog please visit- www.losingthedark.blogspot.com

Blog comments
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Blog Statistics
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Conclusion

The biggest danger to environment is our negligence towards the actual threats faced by
environment and our unwillingness to take steps against them.

We came to the conclusion that its high time that we start to take responsibility of our
environment. People need to be made aware about the fact that Light Pollution is an actual
threat to our environment and this includes humans as well as animals. Once we understand
its ill effects, we can take preventive measures and reduce the harm done by it.

The survey proved very useful to understand people’s views on this topic. It also helped to
create awareness among them.

The blog will be a permanent space to look up for the information on the topic, share this
information and discuss about it.

The government should also take this issue in forefront and come up with the laws to limit
the use of artificial lights where unnecessary and causing harm to environment.

Future

The blog will be updated weekly to share new information and news about the topic.

Students can take measures on individual level to reduce Light Pollution.

Campaigns can be started on social media platforms to raise this issue in forefront. And steps
can be taken on community level to reduce the unnecessary usage of artificial lights.
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References

https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-
2664.2012.02212.xhttps://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-
2664.2012.02212.x

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nationalgeographic
.org/art

https://www.darksky.org/eyes-in-the-sky-exploring-global-light-pollution-with-sattelite-
maps/

https://www.lightpollutionmap.info/#zoom=4.00&lat=39.9787&lon=25.1903&layers=B0FF
FFFFTFFFF

icle/light-pollution/&ved=2ahUKEwirp-bxzubwAhU2yTgGHS

https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/why-we-need-a-policy-on-light-
pollution/story-JYZTzF5aMM5Xb4CXPXJKbO.html

https://www.hackster.io/samir-khan/smart-street-light-using-bolt-wi-fi-module-pir-sensor-ldr-77ed58?f=1