CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Writing

Writing is an activity in which a person expresses his thoughts or ideas in a readable form
in paper or electronic form. Tarigan (in Indana, 2019) pointed out that writing is a language skill
used for indirect communication, rather than face-to-face communication with others. Writing is
a skill that can be learned, because the more you practice writing, the better your writing.
According to Dixon & Nessel (In Miftah, 2015), compared with other language skills such as
listening, speaking, and reading, writing is considered the most difficult and complex language
skill to learn. It takes more effort to produce meaning through writing than to understand
meaning through listening and reading. Through writing activities, the author can provide
important information that he wants to convey. The author concluded that writing is a
communication skill that can be difficult and complex, But through writing, readers can feel the
meaning expressed by the writer, because the words written are selected that can contain very deep
meanings.

2.2. Novella

The novella is one of the literary works that are shorter than the novel and longer than the
short story. According to Sarkar Somnath (2016), a novella is a short narrative prose novel. The
content of the novella can come from the real world imagined by the writer. The experience and
environment around the writer is the source of inspiration or reference for the creation of novella
literary works. In a novella, the number of words is usually between 17,500 and 40,000 words.
Compared with novels, readers will not waste too much time reading novella, so it can help other
people who are more likely to get bored when reading books. The language of the novella is not
difficult to understand, and readers can read and understand more easily.

2.3. Characteristic of Novella

According to Casano (2016), the characteristics are as follows ;

1. Novella is longer than short stories and shorter than novels.

2. The length of the story is usually 17,500-40,000 words.

 3. The average number of pages is under 200 pages.

4. Reading time per one novella averages 1-1.5 hours or more.

2.4. Genre of Novella

Generally genre Novella and Novel is in the same content. Based on the type Ardiles (2014),
novel divided into some genre, there are:

1. Romantic

Romantic novels tell stories of romantic stories about love stories or other romantic stories.
Regarding being told about the chosen love struggle that must be passed through various challenges and
obstacles. With a variety of unique and unexpected events. Some end up happy, for example, the lover is
married and lives happily. End with sadness, which is marked by separation, and so on. Many readers like
this type of novel. The most famous story to date is Romeo and Juliet by William Shakesphere.

2. Mystery

Mystery novels tell about the events of the mystery told from the novel. This because there are
usually characters who are haunted by creepy collections. It's not uncommon for this type of novel to be
questioned with battles and other crimes. When considering the atmosphere becomes tense. But many
also like this type of novel. Tense sensation that receives the reader. Examples of mystery novels are the
works of Stepehen King and Agatha Cristie

3. Scientific

Scientific novels are closely related to science and technology in their stories. Not only is science
and technology difficult in the present, but the writer's question also discusses science and technology
which is still under discussion of the writer. The reader will continue to try the latest. Not infrequently
there are also scientific novels that exist there, discoveries that can finally be realized in the real world.
Reading scientific novels can increase knowledge and increase pleasure.

4. Inspirational

Inspirational story novels. Suppose about the success of the struggle of a child who succeeded in
education, about successes that succeeded and those who succeeded, and so forth. Inspiring novels make
us inspired to live better. Many benefit that we can get from inspirational novels. The most phenomenal
example of an inspiring novel in Indonesia is Laskar Pelangi, which managed to become the best-selling
 book in Indonesia, and even translated into various languages and sold abroad. The film also became the
most watched movie in Indonesia.

5. Islamic

Islamic novels tell about the Islamic lives of the characters with stories that are actually Islamic.
Some writers write in this genre such as Habiiburrahman El Sirazy, Asma Nadia, and so on. By reading
Islamic novels, there are many things that we can get. For example, you can add faith and knowledge.
Some Islamic novels combined with romance are best sellers. Just mention the novels Habiiburrahman El
Sirazy like Ayat-Ayat Cinta, When Cinta Bertasbih, and so forth.

6. Comedy

Comedy novels tell of funny events being published. For example the works of Raditya Dika.
Reading comedy novels can make laughter themselves. That can be entertainment for readers. To
conclude is genre of novella is the same with novel’s genre. Because they have same characteristics in
writing. Novella has some genres, the most popular in society is romantic, historical, mystery, horror and
comedy.

2.5. Novella in Introducing Tourism Destination

Tourism has become an important sector in many regions of Indonesia, and a source of
continuous growth in the region. Every region must have a tourism destination, but some tourism
destinations in some regions are unknown to people. In this case, a strategy is needed so that
these tourism destinations can be known to many people. One of the strategies to make tourism
destinations in the region known to many people is promotion. In this case, writing novella is a
way to introduce tourism destinations, or on the other hand to promote tourism destinations.

Information about tourism destinations in literature helps to create images in readers’

minds. The cultural information of each region or certain communities can be conveyed through
stories such as novella. Mahadewi (2012) pointed out that an area that became the setting of
literary story is definitely lifted in terms of tourism, as evidenced by the increase of tourist to
300% to the island of Belitung since the publishing of a novel entitled LaskarPelangi of which
setting is Belitung Island.
 In summary, fictional literary works such as novellas can be used to introduce or convey
information about cultural customs or leisure places. In addition to successfully introducing and
promoting the colorful village of Burai as a tourism destination in Ogan Ilir.