HUMAN ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY

WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 1: THE HUMAN BODY; AN ORIENTATION
that have a common function.
TOPIC OUTLINE Extremely complex functions become
I. AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND possible at this level. Organ is a structure
Organ level
PHYSIOLOGY composed of two or more tissue types that
 ANATOMY perform a specific function for the body.
 PHYSIOLOGY Organ Group of organs that work together to
system accomplish a common purpose.
 RELATIONSHIP
Sum total of all structural levels working
II. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION Organismal
together to keep us alive. 11 organ
 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION level
systems make up the living human being.
 ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW
III. MAINTAINING LIFE
 NECESSARY LIFE FUNCTIONS ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW
 SURVIVAL NEEDS
IV. LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY
 ANATOMICAL POSITION
 DIRECTIONAL TERMS
 REGIONAL TERMS
 BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
 BODY CAVITIES
V. HOMEOSTASIS

AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY
ANATOMY
The study of the structure and shape of the body and
its parts and their relationships to one another.
Tomy- to cut
Ana- apart
GROSS ANATOMY- study of easily observable, large
body structures; Macroscopic anatomy.
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY- study of body
structures that are too small to be seen with the naked
eye.
PHYSIOLOGY
The study of how the body and its parts work or
function.
Physio- nature
Ology- the study of
RELATIONSHIP
Anatomy and physiology are always inseparable.
Structure determines what functions can occur;
therefore, if the structure changes, the function must
also change.

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

There are six levels of structural organization that
make up the human body. The simplest is the chemical
level and the most complex is the organismal level.
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
Atoms and molecules; atoms combine to
Chemical
form molecules like sugar, water, and
level
protein.
Cells; molecules associate in certain ways
Cellular
to form the smallest unit of all living
level
things.
Tissue level Tissues consist of group of similar cells