Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 1 Assignment Booklet

MODULE 6: LESSON 6 ASSIGNMENT

This Module 6: Lesson 6 Assignment. There is not a student exploration sheet for this
lab.
 Follow the instructions and answer the questions below as you work through the
FlyLab JS simulator
 There are 4 parts to this assignment

(23 marks) Lesson 6 Assignment—Drosophila Simulation – Patterns of Heredity,

Chromosomal Theory and Sex-Linked Inheritance

Objective: Students will learn and apply the principles of Mendelian inheritance by
experimentation with the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Students will make hypotheses for
monohybrid, dihybrid and sex-linked traits and test their hypotheses by selecting fruit flies with
different visible mutations, mating them, and analyzing the phenotypic ratios of the offspring.

Introduction
Examine the phenotypes available from the left side menu to answer the following
questions.

1. Examine the different types of bristles seen in flies. Geneticists use a shorthand

labeling system, F = forked. Identify the phenotypes shown:

Answer:
Forked = F
Shaven = SV
Singed = SN
Spineless = SS
Stubbles = SB

2. Compare antennae types. How is "aristapedia" different from wild-type?

Answer:
Wild type:
 Has bristle-like antennae and are small in size.
 Point out to the sides
 The base of the antennae is thicker than the rest.

Aristapedia type:
 Thicker throughout
 Points out then curves
 Longer

3. What are different eye colors in fruit flies?

Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 2 Assignment Booklet

Answer:
Wild type : red
Brown
Purple
Sepia
White

4. Regarding wing size, what is the difference between apterous and vestigial?

Answer:
Apterous:
Doesn’t appear to have a pair of wings

Vestigial:
Very thin and small in size

5. What are the body colors in fruit flies?

Answer:
Wild type: light brown
Black
Ebony
Sable
Tan
Yellow

6. Create a mutant fly with any number of variations and mate it with a wild-type fly.
How many offspring were wild-type?

Answer:
467 were wild type flies.

7. Mate the offspring of the cross. Use the analyze tab to get more details about the
F2 offspring. (The button to "ignore sex" may make counting easier.)

a. How many wild-type offspring were produced?

Answer:
132 were wild type

b. How many mutant flies were produced?

Answer:
858 were mutant

Part 2: Monohybrid Crosses

Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 3 Assignment Booklet

1. Reset all flies in the design tab.

2. Design a male fly with vestigial wings and cross it with a wild-type female
3. Add the results to your “Lab Notes”
4. Mate the offspring of this cross

5. Based on these two crosses you probably have an idea about how vestigial wings
are inherited.

a. Is VG recessive or dominant
Answer:
recessive

b. How do you know?

Answer:
The dominant trait will not skip a generation.

6. In genetics, numbers are statistically analyzed. The fly simulator has a built into it.
Under the Analyze tab, you can click on "Include a test hypothesis."

a. If your hypothesis is that VG is a recessive trait is correct, then you would

expect what proportion of the F2 offspring to have vestigial wings?

Answer:
¼ (25%) will have vestigial wings
Total: 1002
1002 x 0.25 = 250
1002 – 250 = 752
752 ÷ 2 =
376

b. What proportion would have wild-type wings?

Answer:
¾ (75%) will be wild type wings
Total: 1002
1002 x 0.75 = 751
1002 – 751= 251
251 ÷ 2 =
125

7. Place the expected numbers in the hypothesis field and click on "test your
hypothesis." The program will do the chi square calculations.

a. What is your chi-squared test statistic?

Answer:
3.18
Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 4 Assignment Booklet

b. Compare this to the chi square table to determine a good fit

Answer:
Female + = 1.06
Male + = 0.96
Female VG = 0.65
Male VG = 0.51

8. Summary: Explain how vestigial wings are inherited in fruit flies (claim) and
provide evidence from your data and chi-square statistical analysis.

Answer:
The chi- square statistical value I got was 0.65 (female) and 0.51
(male) which is less then 3.18, we accept the hypothesis. This
means that the vestigial wings are a recessive trait.

Part 3: Sex Linked Traits

1. Cross a white eyed male with a wild-type female.

a. How many of the offspring are males/red eyes?

Answer:
504

b. How many females/red eyes?

Answer:
495

2. Predict what would happen if you crossed two of the offspring. Explain your
reasoning by showing a punnett square.

Answer:
Xw Xw
Xw XwXw XwXw

Y XwY XwY

3. Perform the cross and use the statistical analysis tool to test your prediction.
Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 5 Assignment Booklet

4. Summary: Explain how red/white eye color is inherited in fruit flies (claim) and
provide evidence from your data and chi-square statistic.

Answer:
Eye colour is located on the X chromosome, Y- linked traits are
only passed from males to their sons and the X-linked traits are
passed only to their daughters. The wild type eyes that are red are
dominant to white eye colour. Male expresses the white-eye
phenotype, and the female is homozygous red-eyed, all members
of the F1 generation exhibit red eyes.

Female + = 503 0.75

Male + = 255 0.44
Male W = 236 0.40
Chi-squared test statistic: 1.59

Conclusions
Answer the following questions about the simulation you just carried out (these are the
Journal questions from the simulation).

(2 marks) 1. Hemophilia, a blood disorder in humans, results from a sex-linked recessive allele.
Suppose the daughter of a mother without the allele and a father with the allele
marries a man with hemophilia. What is the probability that the daughter's children
will develop the disease? Describe how you determined the probability.

Answer:

There is a 50:50 chance

(50%) that her offspring
will have the disease. This
was determined by
performing two punnett
Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 6 Assignment Booklet

squares. One with a female

with the allele (XHXH)
was crossed with a male
with an allele (XhY). The
second one was a female
carrier (XHXh) is crossed
with a male with
hemophilia (XhY)
There is a 50:50 chance
(50%) that her offspring
will have the disease. This
was determined by
performing two punnett
squares. One with a female
with the allele (XHXH)
Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 7 Assignment Booklet

was crossed with a male

with an allele (XhY). The
second one was a female
carrier (XHXh) is crossed
with a male with
hemophilia (XhY)
There is a 50:50 chance
(50%) that her offspring
will have the disease. This
was determined by
performing two punnett
squares. One with a female
with the allele (XHXH)
was crossed with a male
with an allele (XhY). The
Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 8 Assignment Booklet

second one was a female

carrier (XHXh) is crossed
with a male with
hemophilia (XhY).
There is a 50:50 chance
(50%) that her offspring
will have the disease. This
was determined by
performing two punnett
squares. One with a female
with the allele (XHXH)
was crossed with a male
with an allele (XhY). The
second one was a female
carrier (XHXh) is crossed
Biology 30: Module 6: Lesson 6 9 Assignment Booklet

with a male with

hemophilia (XhY).
There is a 50:50 chance that her offspring will have the disease. This was
determined by preforming two Punnet squares. One with a female with the allele
(XHXH) was crossed with a male with an allele (XhY). The second one was a
female carrier (XHXh) is crossed with a male with hemophilia (XhY).

(2 marks) 2. Colour-blindness results from a sex-linked recessive allele. Determine the

genotypes of the offspring that would result from a cross between a colour-blind
male and a homozygous female who has normal vision. Describe how you
determined the genotypes of the offspring.

Answer:
All females will have normal vision but will be carriers of the allele. All males will
have normal vision. This was determined by completing a Punnett square and
crossing a colour-blind male (XbY)and a homozygous normal female (XBXB). The
genotypes were 1 XBXB : 1 XbY.

(2 marks) 3. Explain why X-linked traits appear more often in males than in females.

Answer:
A male with a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome is typically affected with the
condition. This is because females have two copies of the X chromosome and
males have only one X chromosome, X-linked recessive diseases are mor common
among males than females.
Another example would be if a male receives a “bad” allele from his mother, he has
no chance of getting a “good” allele from his father (who provides a Y) to hide the
bad one.

Once you have completed all of the questions, submit your work to the appropriate
assignment dropbox for assessment.