BIOLOGY LABORATORY

PRESENTATION GROUP 3: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPLANATION

I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1.Definition: The chloroplasts in plant and other photosynthetic organism capture light energy from
the sun and convert it to chemical energy stored in sugar or other organic molecules.
2.Autotrophic nutrition or Heterotrophic nutrition.

-Autotrophs: sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings.
Autotrophs produce their organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic raw materials obtained
from the environment.
-Specifically, plants are photoautotrophs, organisms that use light as a source of energy to
synthesize organic substances
-Heterotrophs obtain organic material by the second major mode of nutrition. Unable to make their
own food, they live on compounds produced by other organisms
3.Using molecular formulas, we can summarize the complex series of chemical reactions in
photosynthesis with this chemical equation:
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
-Water appears on both sides of the equation because 12 molecules are consumed, and 6 molecules
are newly formed during photosynthesis.
4. In sulfur bacteria, they use hydrogen atoms form hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to make sugar
CO2 + 2 H2S → [CH2O] + H2O + 2 S

5. Two stages in photosynthesis: The light reactions and the Calvin cycle
-The light reactions occur in thylakoid membrane and convert solar energy to chemical energy
Link video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnnmmKApT-c (5mins)
-The Calvin cycle reaction occur in the stroma and initial incorporation of carbon into organic
compounds
Link video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UzMaoaXKaM (5mins)
7.Examination of oxygen formation
Question: Where CO2 in experiment?
8.Examination of starch formation
Link video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeU7ULL9Usw (1min15s)
9.Reference: (10th Edition) Jane B. Reece_ Lisa A. Urry_ Michael L. Cain_ Steven A. Wasserman_
Peter V. Minorsky_ Robert B. Jackson-Campbell Biology-Benjamin Cummings (2013)