15/12/21, 13:58 Anthropometry in Anorexia Nervosa | SpringerLink

Anthropometry in Anorexia Nervosa

Handbook of Anthropometry
pp 2767-2781 |
Cite as

Antonella Diamanti (1) Email author (diamanti@opbg.net)

Fabio Panetta

1. Medical-Surgical Department of Hepathology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition,

Pediatric Hospital “Bambino Gesù”, , Rome, Italy

Chapter
First Online: 12 January 2012

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Abstract

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body

weight at or above a minimally normal level for age and height. Two subtypes of the
disorder have been identified by the American Psychiatric Association: restricting and
binge-eating/purging types. In the former, weight control is attained by a marked
reduction in food intake only; in the latter, the occasional food consumption is
followed by some forms of compensatory behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting,
laxative or diuretic misuse, or strenuous physical exercise. This psychiatric disease
mainly involves adolescent girls and young women. Their incidence is increasing in
adolescent girls, but first symptoms sometimes appear in childhood. Malnutrition is
the prominent feature of AN, requiring a careful and complete medical surveillance,
based on anthropometry and body composition assessment. Anthropometric
evaluation in AN patients includes the direct determination of some anthropometric
parameters (height, weight, skin fold thickness and mid-upper arm circumference)
and the calculation of nutritional indices derived from these (BMI and Weight-for-
Height). Most single anthropometric measurements, indeed, in themselves may
partially assess the nutritional status. Nutritional indices are derived either by
combining two or more anthropometric measurements, or by comparing the
anthropometric measurements with reference to values of healthy, well-fed
populations. The evaluation of body composition completes the anthropometric
evaluation and is relevant in these patients, because it gives an objective measure of
their malnutrition. These patients, indeed, overevaluate their shape and weight and
then have limited motivation to change, which results in unreliable self-evaluation and
anamnestic assessment. A wide variety of methods are available to measure body
composition. Anthropometry, based on the evaluation of skin fold thickness and mid-
upper arm circumference, represents the simplest method of estimating body
composition and, as such, are often used. More sophisticated techniques to study body
composition are represented by bioelectric impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry, both employed in clinical practice as well as in research settings.

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Other methods, employed only in research settings, are represented by total body
imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography),
underwater weighing, isotope dilution techniques and neutron activation analysis.

Keywords
Body Mass Index  Body Composition  Anorexia Nervosa  Eating Disorder 
Bulimia Nervosa 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is
experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations
AMA

Upper Arm Muscle Area

AN

Anorexia Nervosa

BIA

Bioelectric Impedance Analysis

BMI

Body Mass Index

CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CT

Computed Tomography

DSM-IV

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV

DXA

Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry

FFM

Fat Free Mass

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15/12/21, 13:58 Anthropometry in Anorexia Nervosa | SpringerLink

FM

Fat Mass

ICD-10

International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th

Revision

LBM

Lean Body Mass

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MUAC

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference

MUAMC

Mid-Upper Arm Muscle Circumference

SFT

Skin Fold Thickness

UWW

UnderWater Weighing

WHO

World Health Organization

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Cite this chapter as:
Diamanti A., Panetta F. (2012) Anthropometry in Anorexia Nervosa. In: Preedy V. (eds) Handbook of
Anthropometry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1788-1_173

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