Specification For Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and

ANSI/’AWS A5.
9-93
An American National Standard
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Specification for
Bare Stainless Steel
Welding Electrodes
and Rods
American Welding Society

@
Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002
02:16:12 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
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AWS A 5 - 9 93 W 0784265 0503257 327
Keywords-composite
cored
electrodes,
metal elec- ANSI/AWS
A5.9-93
trodes, stainless steel strips, bare stain- An
American
National
Standard
less steel electrodes, bare stainless steel
rods, duplex stainless steel electrodes
Approved by
American National Standards Institute
December 23,1992
Specification for
Bare Stainless Steel Welding
Electrodes and Rods
Superseding ANSVAWS A5.9-81
Prepared by
AWS Committee on Filler Metal
Under theDirection of
AWS Technical Activities Committee
Approved by
AWS Board of Directors
Abstract
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The classification and other requirements for more thanforty-five bare stainless steelelectrodes (solid andcomposite),
rods, and strips are specified, including a number of duplex alloys previously unclassified.
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American Welding Society

550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135

Statement on Useof AWS Standards
All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the
American National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents
that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their
provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be
approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and
regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or otherdocument that invokes the
AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS
standard must be by agreement betweenthe contracting parties.
International Standard Book Number:O-87171-406-X
American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 351040,Miami, Florida 33135
O 1993 by American WeldingSociety. All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America
Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its members. To this end, AWS provides a forum for the
exchange, consideration, and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant to the welding industry and the
consensus of whichforms the basis for these standards. By providing such a forum,AWS does not assume anyduties to
which a user of these standards may berequired to adhere. By publishingthis standard, the American Welding Society
does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability arising from that use. Publication of a
standard by the American Welding Society does not carry with it any right to make, use, or sell any patented items.
Users ofthe information inthis standard should make an independent investigation of the validity of that information for
their particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein.
With regardto technical inquiries made concerningAWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.
However,suchopinions represent onlythepersonalopinionsof the particular individuals giving them. These
individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or
interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official
interpretation.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Filler Metal Committee. It must be reviewed every five
years and if not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or
deletions) and anypertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and shouldbe addressed to
AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Filler Metal Committee and the
author of the comments will be informed ofthe Committee's response to the comments. Guestsare invited to attend all
meetings of the AWS Filler Metal Committeeto express their comments verbally. Procedures for appealof an adverse
decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation ofthe Technical Activities Committee,
A copy ofthese Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., P.O. Box 351040,
Miami, Florida 33135.
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Personnel
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AWS Committee on Filler Metal

D. J. Kotecki, Chairman The Lincoln Electric Company
R. A. LaFave, 1st Vice Chairman Elliott Company
J , P. Hunt, 2ndVice Chairman Inco Alloys International
H. F. Reid, Secretary American Welding Society
B. Anderson Alcotec
R. S.Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation
R. L. Bateman* Electromanufacturas, S. A.
J. Caprarola, Jr. Alloy Rods Corporation
L. J. Christensen* Consultant
R. J. Christoffel Consultant
D. D. Crockett The Lincoln Electric Company
R. A. Daemen Hobart Brothers Company
D. A. DelSignore Westinghouse Electric Company
H. W. Ebert Exxon Research and Engineering
S.E. Ferree Alloy Rods Corporation
D. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company
G. Hallstrom, Jr. USNRC-RI1
R. L. Harris* R. L. Harris Associates
R. W. Heid Newport News Shipbuilding
D. C. Helton Consultant
W. S.Howes National Electrical Manufacturers Association
R. W. Jud Chrysler Motors
R. B. Kadiyala Techalloy Maryland, Incorporated
G. A. Kurisky Maryland Specialty Wire
N. E. Larson Union Carbide, Industrial Gas Division
A. S. Laurenson Consultant
G. H. MacShane MAC Associates
D. F. Manning Hobart Brothers Company
L. M, Malik* Arctec Canada Limited
M. T. Merlo Stoody Company
S.J. Merrick Teledyne McKay
G. E. Metzger** mm
J. W. Mortimer Consultant
C. L. Null Department of the Navy
Y. Ogata* Kobe Steel Limited
J. Payne Schneider Services International
R. L. Peaslee Wall Colmonoy Corporation
E. W. Pickering, Jr. Consultant
M.A. Quintana General Dynamics Corporation
S. D. Reynolds,Jr. * Westinghouse Electric PGBU
L. F. Roberts Canadian Welding Bureau
D. Rozet Consultant
P. K.Salvesen American Bureau ofShipping
H, S.Sayre* Consultant
O. W. Seth Chicago Bridge andIron Company
* Advisor
**Deceased
iii

AWS Committee on Filler Metal (Cont)
W. A. Shopp* SAE
M.S.Sierdzimki AlloyRodsCorporation
R. W. Straiton* BechtelGroup,Incorporated
R. D.Sutton L-TecWeldingand CuttingSystems
R. A. Swain Thyssen Steel
J. W. Tackett Haynes International Incorporated
R. D.Thomas, Jr. R.D. Thomas andCompany
R. Timerman* Conarco, S. A.
R. T. Webster Teledyne Wah Chang
A. E. Wiehe* Consultant
W. A. Wiehe** Arcos Alloys
W. L. Wilcox Consultant
F. J. Winsor* Consultant
K.G.Wold AquaChem,Incorporated
T. J. Wonder VSE Corporation
AWS Subcommittee on Stainless SteelFiller Metal

D. A. Defiignore, Chairman Westinghouse Electric Corporation
H. F. Reid, Secretary American Welding Society
F. S. Babìsh Sandvik Steel Company
R. S. Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation
R. A. Bushey Alloy Rods Company
R. J. Chrìstoffel Consultant
D. D. Crockett The Lincoln Electric Company
J. G. Feldstein Teledyne McKay
A. L. Gombach" Champion Welding Products, Incorporated
B. Herbert" Elliott Company
M. J. Huck Westinghouse Electric Corporation
J. P. Hunt Inco Alloys International, Incorporated
R. C. Jewel1 Polymet Corporation
R. B. Kadiyala Techalloy Maryland, Incorporated
G. A. Kurìsky Maryland Specialty Wire
W. E. Layo* Sandvik Steel Company
G. H. MacShane MAC Associates
M. T. Merlo Stoody Company
A. H. Miller* DISC
Y. Ogata* Kobe Steel Limited
S. R. Pate1 Consultant
E. W. Pickering, Jr. Consultant
L. J. Privoznik* Consultant
C. E. Rìdenour Tri-Mark, Incorporated
D. Rozet* Consultant
S. P. Sathi Westinghouse Electric Corporation
H. S. Sayre* Consultant
S. D. Scarberry Hobart Brothers Company
R. W. Straiton Bechtel Group, Incorporated
R. A. Swain Thyssen Welding Products
J. W. Tackett Haynes International, Incorporated
R. Timerman* CONARCO, S . A.
W. A. Wiche** Arcos Auoys
W. L. Wilcox Consultant
D. W. Yonker, Jr. National Standard Company
* Advisor
**Deceased
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Foreword
(This Forewordis not a part of ANSIIAWS A5.9-93,Specificationfor Bare Stainless Steel Electrodes and Rods, but
is included for information purposes only.)
The firstspecification for bare stainless steel electrodes and rods was prepared in 1953by a joint committee of the
American Society €or Testing and Materials and the American Welding Society. The joint committee also prepared the
1962revision. The firstrevision prepared exclusively by the AWS Filler Metal Committee waspublished in 1969. The
current revision is the sixth revision and expansion as shown below:
ASTM A371-53T TentativeSpecifications for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel
AWS
A5.9-53T Rods and Bare Electrodes
AWS A5.9-62T Tentative Specification for Corrosion-Resisting
Chromium and Chromium-Nickel
Steel
ASTM
A371-62T Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes
AWS A5.9-69 Specijication for Corrosion-ResistingChromium and Chromium-Nìckel Steel Rods and Bare
ANSI W3.9-1973 Electrodes
AWSA5.9-Add 1-75 1975 Addenda to Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel
Steel WeldingRods and Bare Electrodes
AWSA5.9-77 Specification for Corrosion Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Bare and
Composite Metal Cored and Stranded Arc WeldingElectrodes and Welding Rods
AWS A5.9-81 Specification for Corrosion Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Bare and
Composite Metal Cored and Stranded WeldingElectrodes and WeldingRods
Comments and suggestions for the improvementof this standardare welcome. They should be sent to the Managing
Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami,
Horida 33135.
Official interpretations of any of thetechnical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in
writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, A formalreply will be
issued after it has been reviewed by theappropriate personnel following established procedures,
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Table of Contents
Page No.
Personnel .......................................................................................................................................................... 111
...
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ ..
V
List of Tables .....................................................................................................................................................
..
v11
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................... v11
1 . Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
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Part A -General Requirements

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2. Classification ...........................................................................................................................................
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1
3 . Acceptance .............................................................................................................................................. 1
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4 . Certification ............................................................................................................................................. 1
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5 Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure 1

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Part B -Tests, Procedures, and Requirements

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6. Summary of Tests .................................................................................................................................... 4

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7. Retest ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
8. ChemicalAnalysis ................................................................................................................................... 4
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Part C “Manufacture. Identìjïcation. and Packaging

9. Method of Manufacture ............................................................................................................................ 4
10. Standard Sizes andShapes ....................................................................................................................... 4
.
11 Finish andUniformity .............................................................................................................................. 4
12. StandardPackageForms .......................................................................................................................... 6
13. WindingRequirements ............................................................................................................................. 6
14. Filler Metal Identification ........................................................................................................................ 8
15. Packaging ................................................................................................................................................ 8
16. MarkingofPackages ................................................................................................................................ 8
Appendù -Guide to Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodesand Rods
A l . Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 9
.
A2 Classification System ............................................................................................................................... 9
A3. Acceptance .............................................................................................................................................. 10
A4. Certification ............................................................................................................................................. 10
A5 . Preparation of Samples for Chemical Analysis ......................................................................................... 10
.
A6 Ventilation During Welding ..................................................................................................................... 11
A7. Ferrite in Weld Deposits .......................................................................................................................... 11
A8 . Description and Intended Use ofFiller Metals .......................................................................................... 13
A9 . Usability .................................................................................................................................................. 20
A10. Special Tests ............................................................................................................................................ 21
A l l . Safety Considerations ............................................................................................................................... 21
AWS Filler MetalSpecifications and Related Documents ....................................................... (Inside Back Cover)
vi

AWS A5.9 9 3 m 0784265 O503263 620 m
List of Tables
Table Page No .
1 ChemicalCompositionRequirements ...................................................................................................
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2
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2 Standard Wire Sizes of Electrodes and Rods ......................................................................................... 5
3 Standard Sizes of Strip Electrodes ........................................................................................................ 6
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4 StandardPackageDimensionsandWeights
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Al Variations of Alloying Elements for Submerged Arc Welding .............................................................. 12
A2 Tensile Requirements for All-Weld-Metal from ANSYAWSA5.4-92................................................... 22
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List of Figures
Flgure Page .
No
1 Standard 4 in. (100 mm) Diameter Spool Dimensions ........................................................................... 7
.
2 Standard 8 and 12 in (200 and 300 mm) Diameter Spool Dimensions .................................................. 7
Al WRC-1988 Diagram for Steel
StainlessMetal Weld ............................................................................. 14
A2Percent
Espy Ferrite Diagram for Stainless Steel
Metal
Weld ............................................................... 14
A3 DeLong (FN) Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal .......................................................................... 15
.a
vii

Specification for
Bare Stainless Steel Welding
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Electrodes andRods
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1. Scope 3. Acceptance
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This specification prescribes requirements for the clas- Acceptance2 of the material shall be in accordance
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sification of bare stainless steel wire, strip, composite with the provisions of ANSVAWS A5.01, Filler Metal
metal cored, and stranded welding electrodes and rods. Procurement Guidelines.3
The chromium content of these filler metals is not less
than 10.5 percent and the iron content exceeds that of
any other element.' For purposes of classification, the 4. Certification
iron content shall be derived as the balance element By affixing the AWS specification and classification
when all other elements are considered to be at their
designations to the packaging, or the classification to the
minimum specified values. product, the manufacturercertifies that the product meets
the requirements of thisspecification?
PartA 5. Units of Measure and

General Requirements Rounding-Off Procedure
5.1 U.S. customary units are the standard units of mea-
2. Classification surein this specification. The SI unitsaregiven as
2.1 The welding materials covered by this specification equivalent values to the U.S. customary units. The stan-
are classified according to chemical composition (see dard sizes and dimensions in the two systems are not
Table 1). identical and, for this reason, conversion from a standard
size or dimension in one system will not always coincide
2.2 Materials may be classified under more than one with a standard size or dimension in the other. Suitable
classification provided they meetall the requirements of
those classifications as specified in Table 1.
2. See M.Acceptance (in the Appendix) for further informa-
tion concerning acceptance, testing of the material shipped,
1. "his revision still contains information on ER502, ER505, and ANSVAWS A5.01,Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines.
EC502, and EC505 classifications. These classifications also 3. AWS standards can be obtained from the American Weld-
will be included in the next revision of ANSVAWS A5.28, ing Society,550 N.W. LeJeune Road,P,O. Box 351040, Miami,
SpecificationforLow Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas MetalArcFlorida 33135.
Welding. These four classifications will be deleted from the 4. See A4. Certification(in the Appendix) for further informa-
fist revision of ANSVAWSA5.9 following the publication of tion concerning certification and the testing calIed for to meet
the revised ANSUAWS,451.28specification. this requirement.

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AUS A5.9 93 m 0784265 0501265 Y T 3
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m N m m m m m m m m m m
v, 9999999999999999999999999909990999999999
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v)
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AWS A S - 9 93 W 0784265 0503267 2 7 6 W
conversions, encompassing standardsizes of both can be Standard Method E353,Chemical Analysisof Stainless,
made, however, if appropriate tolerances are applied in Heat Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromì-
each case. um-Nìckel-Iron Alloys.
5.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with 8.3 The results of the analysis shall meet the require-
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this specification, an observed or calculated value shall ments of Table 1 for the classification of the filler metal
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be rounded to the “nearest unit” in the last right-hand under test.
place of figures used in expressing the limiting value in
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accordancewiththe rounding-offmethod given in
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ASTM E29, Standard Practice for Using Significant
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Digits in Test Data to DetermineConformance with Part C
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Specifi~ations.~ Manufacture, Identification,
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and Packaging
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Part B
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Tests, Procedures, and Requirements 9. Method of Manufacture
The welding rods, strip, and electrodes classified ac-
6. Summary of Tests cording to this specification may be manufactured by
any method that will produce material that meets the
6.1 Chemical analysis of the solid electrode, rod, or strip requirements of this specification.
is the only test required for classification of the product
forms under this specification.
6.2 Chemical analysis of a fused sample of composite 10. Standard Sizes and Shapes
or stranded electrode or rod is the only test required
for classification of these product forms under this 10.1 Standard sizes of filler metal (except strip elec-
specification. trodes) in the different package forms (straight lengths,
coils with support, coils without support, and spools)
shall be asshown in Table 2.
7. Retest 10.2 Standard sizes for stripelectrodes in coils shall be
If the results of the test fail to meet the requirement, as shown in Table 3.
the test shall be repeated twice. The results ofboth
retests shall meet the requirement. Material for retest
may be taken from the original sample or from a new 11. Finish and Uniformity
sample,provided the material is from the same heat
or lot. For chemical analysis, retest need be only for 11.1 All filler metal shall have a smooth finish that is
those specific elementswhich failed to meetthe test free from slivers, depressions, scratches, scale, seams,
requirement. laps (exclusive of the longitudinal joint in metal cored
filler metal)and foreign matter that wouldadversely
affect the welding characteristics, the operation of the
8. Chemical Analysis welding equipment, or the properties of the weld metal.
8.1 A sample of the filler metal or a fused sample shall 11.2 Each continuouslength of filler metal shall befrom
be prepared for analysis (for example, see Section A5, a single heat or lot of material and welds, when present,
Preparation of Samples for Chemical Analysis). shall have been made so as not to interfere with the
uniform, uninterrupted feeding of the filler metalon
8.2 The sample shall be analyzed by acceptable analyt- automatic and semiautomatic equipment.
ical methods capable of determining whether the com-
position meets the requirements of this specification. In 113 Core ingredients in metal cored fillermetal shall be
case of dispute, the referee method shall be ASTM distributed with sufficient uniformitythroughout the
length of the electrode so as not ‘to adversely affect the
performance of the electrode or the properties of the
weld metal.
5. ASTM standards can be obtained from American Society
for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia, 11.4 The slit edges of strip electrodes shall be freefrom
Pennsylvania 19103. burrs exceeding five percent of the stripthickness.

5
Table 2
Standard Wire Sizesof Electrodes andRodsa
Tolerance
Diameter Solid I Composite
Form in. mm
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0.045 1.1
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1.6
(0.063) 1/16
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5/64 2.0 (0.078)

Welding rods in straight lengthsb 3/322.4 (0.094) 20.002 20.05 20.003 20.05
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1/8 3.2 (0.125)

5/32 4.0 (0.156)
|
3/16 4.8
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(0.187)
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0.045 1.1 20.03

20.001 I 50.05
20.002
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1/161.6 (0.063)
5/642.0 (0.078)
3/322.4 (0.094)
Filler metalsin coils with or without 7/64 2.8 (0.109) 20.002 20.05 k0.002 20.08
support 1/8 3.2 (0.125)
5/32 4.0 (0.156)
3/164.8 (0.187)
1/4 6.4 (0.250)
0.030 0.8
0.9 0.035 50.002
20.03
20.001 20.05
Filler metal wound on8 or 12 in. 0.045 1.1
(200 or 300 mm) O.D. spools
1/161.6 (0.063)
5/64 2.0 (0.078) 20.002 20.003kO.05 20.08
3/322.4 (0.094)
7/642.8 (0.109)
0.020 0.5
Filler metal
0.6 wound on4 in. (100 mm) 0.025
O.D. spools
0.8 0.030 20.00250.03
kO.001 20.05
0.9 0.035
0.045 1.1
Notes:
a. Dimension, tolerances, and packageforms other than those shown shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
b. Length shall be 36 in.tO,-lL! ia. (900 m m t U,-O mm)

6
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12.4 Spools shall be designed and constructed to pre-

Table 3 vent distortion of the filler metal duringnormal handling
~
Standard Sizesof Strip Electrodesa#
~~ ~ ~~ and use and shall be clean and dry enough to maintain
Width Thickness the cleanliness of the filler metal (see Figures 1and 2).
in. mm in. mm 12.5 Net weights shall be within k10 percent of the
nominal weight.
1.18 30 0.5 0.020
2.36 60 0.5 0.020
3.54 90 0.020 0.5
120 4.72 0.5 0.020
13. Winding Requirements
Notes:
a. Other sizes shall be as agreed upon between purchaserand supplier. 13.1 The filler metal shallbe wound so that kinks,
b. Strip electrodes shall not vary more than +-0.008in. (50.20 mm) in waves, sharp bends, or wedging are notencountered,
width and more than +0.002in. (50.05 mm) in thickness. leaving the filler metal free to unwind without restric-
tion. The outside end of the filler metal (the end with
which weldingis to begin) shall beidentified so it can be
12. Standard Package Forms readily located and shall befastened to avoid unwinding.
12.1 Standard package forms are straight lengths, coils 13.2 The cast and helix of all filler metal in coils and
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with support, coils without support, and spools. Standard spools shall be such that the filler metal will feed in an
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package dimensions and weights for each formare shown
uninterrupted manner in automatic and semiautomatic
in Table 4.
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equipment.
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12.2 Package forms, sizes, and weights other than those
shown in Table 4 shall be as agreed between purchaser
13.3 The cast and helix of drawn, solid filler metal on
4 in. (100 mm) spoolsshall be suchthat a specimen long
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and supplier.
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enough to produce a single loop, when cut from the spool
12.3 The liners in coils with support shall be designed and laid unrestrainedona flat surface, willdo the
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and constructed to prevent distortion of the coil during following:
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normalhandlingand use, and shall be clean anddry (1) Form a circle not less than 2.5 in. (65 mm) nor
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enough to maintain the cleanliness of the filler metal. more than 15 in. (380 mm) in diameter
Table 4
Standard Package Dimenslons and Weights"
Spool or Coil Strip
DiameteP Widthb Weight
Nominal
Product Form in. mm in. mm lbs kg
Welding Rods in
Straight Lengths NA NA NA NA 10,50 4.5,23
100 4 NA NA 1-112,2-1/2 0.7,1.1

200 8 NA NA 4.5 10
Spools 12 NA300 NA 11.4 25
350 14 NA NA 50 22.8
Coil with Support' 12 300 NA NA 11,23,27

25,50,60
12 300 1.18 30 60 27.5

12 300 2.36 60 60 27.5
Strip Electrode 12 300 3.54 90 120 55
4.72 55 12 300 120 120
Notes:
a. Net weights shall be within 510% of the nominal weight.
b. NA is"not applicable".
c. Weight of coils without support shall beas specified by the purchaser.

AWS A5.9 9 3 M 0784265 0501270 860 m
Al I I" f 1/32 in.
MAX.
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SI EQUIVALENTS
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SECTION A-A
J
mm in.
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0.1
0.005 3
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A 1132 0.8
0.630 18
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1-314 45
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Notes:
a. Al dimensions areln inches. 4 102
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b. Dimension B, outside diameter of barrel, shall

be such as to permit proper feeding of the filler metals.
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c. DimenslonC, inside diameterof banel, shallbe such that swelling

of the barrel or misalignment
of the barrel and flanges will not result In
of the flanges.
the inside diameter of the barrel being less than the inside diameter
---
Figure 1"Standard 4 in. (100 mm) DiameterSpool Dimensions
1r A
/- 7/16 + O - 1/16in.
SI EQUIVALENTS
mm in.
1/64 0.4
1/16 1.6
7/16 11
1-314 44
2-1/32 52
2-5/32 55
4 100
8 200
12 300
I 2-1/32 i1/16 - 0 in.

1-3/4 rt 1/64 in.
L A THESE HOLES NEED NOT BEIN LINE
SECTION A-A
Dimensions, In.
Spool size C maximum D,
8 2-5/32 k 1/32 8
12 12 4 i: 1/16
~
Notes:
a. All dimensions arein inches.
b. Dimension B,outside diameter of barrel, shall be such to
as permit proper feeding
of the filler metals.
Figure 2-Standard 8 and 12 in. (200 and 300 mm) Diameter

Spool Dimensions

(2) Rise above the flat surface no more than 1/2 in. 15. Packaging
(13 mm) at any location
Filler metalshall be suitably packaged to ensure against
13.4 The cast and helix of drawn solid filler metal on damageduringshipmentandstorageunder normal
8 in. (200 mm) spools shall be such that a specimen long conditions.
enough to produce a single loop, when cut from the spool
and laid unrestrained on a flat surface, will do the
following: 16. Marking of Packages
(1) Form a circle not less than 8 in. (200 mm) nor
16.1 The following product information(as a minimum)
more than 50 in. (1.3 m) in diameter
shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from the
(2) Riseabove the flat surface no morethan 1 in.
outside of each unit package:
(1) AWS specification and classification number
13.5 The cast and helix of drawn, solid filler metal on (year of issue may be excluded)
12 in. and 14 in. (300 and 350 mm)spools shall be such (2) Supplier’s name and trade designation
that a specimen long enough to produce a single loop, (3) Size and net weight
when cut from the spool and laid unrestrained on a flat (4) Lot, control, or heat number
surface, will do the following:
16.2 The following precautionary information(as a min-
(1) Form a circle not less than 15 in. (380 mm) in
imum) shall beprominently displayed in legibleprint on
diameter and not more than50 in, (1.3 m) in diameter
all packages of welding material, including individual
(2) Riseabove the flat surface nomorethan 1 in.
unit packages enclosed within alarger package:
13.6 The edge of the strip electrodes (camber) shall not WARNING
deviate from a straight line by more than
0.5 in. (12.5 mm)
Protect yourself and others.
in any 8 ft. (2.5 m) in length. Read and understandthis information.
FUMES AND GASES can be dangerous to your health.
ARC RAYS can injure eyes and bum skin.
ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.
14. Filler Metal Identification Before use, read and understandthe manufacturer’s
instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs),
14.1 The product information and the precautionary in- and your employer’ssafety practices.
formation required in Section 16, Marking of Packages, Keep your headout of the fumes.
shall also appear on eachcoil and each spool. Use enoughventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both,
14.2 Coils without support shall have a tag containing to keep fumesand gases away from your breathing
this information securely attached to the inside end ofthe zone and the general area.
coil. Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection.
Do not touchlive electrical parts,
14.3 Coils with support shall have the information se- See American National Standard 249.1, Safety in
curely affixed in a prominent location on the support. Welding and Cutting, published by the American
14.4 Spools shall have the information securely affixed Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O.
in a prominent location on the outside of one flange of Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135; OSHA Safety
the spool. and HealthStandards, 29CFR 1910, available from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
14.5 Identification of each straight length welding rodis D.C.20402.
not required by this specification but may be done as
agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and supplier. DO NOT REMOVE THIS INFORMATION
-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

9
Appendix
Guide to Specification for Bare

Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes andRods
(This Appendixis not a part of ANSVAWS A5.9-93,Specification for Bare StainlessSteel Welding Electrodesand
Rods, but is included for information purposes only.)
Al. Introduction ificationfor Covered Stainless Steel Electrodes for

Shield-
ed Metal Arc Welding. Caution, therefore, should be
Al.1 This guide is intended to provide boththe supplier exercised regarding the use of core wire froma covered
and the purchaser of bare stainless steel welding elec- electrode as bare filler metal.
trodes and welding rods of the types covered by this
specification with a means of production control and a
basis of acceptance through mutuallyacceptable, sound,
standard requirements.
A l 2 This guide has been prepared as an aid to prospec- A2. Classification System
tive users of the bare stainless steel welding electrodes
and welding rods of the types covered by the specifica- A2.1 The chemical composition of the filler metal is
tion in determining the classification best suited for a identified by a series of numbers and, in some cases,
particular application, with due consideration to the re- chemical symbols, the letters L, H, andLR, or both.
quirements for that application. Chemical symbols are used to designate modifications of
basic alloy types,e.g., ER308Mo. The letter“H”denotes
AL3 For definitions of bare electrodes, composite met- carbon content restricted to the upper part of the range
al cored electrodes, and composite stranded electrodes, that is specified for the standard grade of the specific
see “electrode” in ANSIIAWS A3.0,Standard Welding filler metal. The letter “L” denotes carbon content in the
Terms and Definitions. For purposes of this specifica- lower part of the range that is specified for the corre-
tion, composite meta1 coredrods are defined by compos- sponding standard grade of filler metal. The letters “LR”
ite metal cored electrodes and composite stranded rods denote low residuals (see A8.30).
are defined by composite stranded electrodes, except for
the basic differences between welding electrode and A2.1.1 The first two designators may be “ER” for
welding rod as defined by ANSVAWS A3.0. solid wires that maybe used as electrodes or rods; or they
may be “EC” forcomposite cored or stranded wires; or
A1.4 In some cases, the composition of bare filler metal they may be “ E Q for stripelectrodes.
classified in this specification may differ from that of
core wire used for the corresponding classification of A2.1.2 The three digit number such as 308 in ER308
covered electrodes classified in ANSYAWS A5.4,Spec- designates the chemical composition of the fillermetal.
-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

10
A3.Acceptance A5.2 Composite Metal Coredor Stranded Electrodes

Acceptance of all welding materials classified under A5.2.1 Gas tungstenarc welding with argon gas shield-
this specificationis in accordance with ANSUAWS A5.01, ing may be used to melt a button (or slug) of sufficient
Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines, as the specifica- size for analytical use.
tion states. Any testing a purchaser requires of the sup-
A5.2.2 Gas metal arc weldingwith argon gas shield-
plier, formaterialshipped in accordance with this ing also may be used to produce a homogeneous deposit
specification, shall be clearly stated in the purchase for analysis. In this case, the weld pad is similar to that
order, according to the provisions of ANSIIAWS A5.01.
used to prepare a sample of filler metal deposited by
In the absence of any such statement in the purchase
covered electrodes.
order, the supplier may ship the material with whatever
testing the supplier normally conducts on material of A5.2.3 Bothprocessesmust be utilized in such a
that classification, as specified in Schedule F, Table 1,of manner that no dilution of the basemetal or mold occurs
the ANSIIAWS A5.01. Testing in accordance with any to contaminate the fused sample. Copper molds often are
other schedule in thattable shall be specifically required used to minimize the effects of dilution by the base metal
by the purchase order. In such cases, acceptance of the or mold.
material shippedshallbe in accordancewiththose
A5.2.4 Special care must be exercised to minimize
requirements.
such dilution effects when testing low carbonfiller metals.
A5.3 Preparation of a fused sample by gas tungsten arc
welding using argon shielding gas will transfer essen-
tially all of the components through the arc. Some slight
A4. Certification loss in carbon may occur, but such loss will never be
The act of placingthe AWS specification and classifi- greater than would be encountered in an actual welding
cation designations on the packaging enclosingthe prod- operation,regardless of process (see A7.9.1).Non-
metallic ingredients, when present in the core, will form
uct, or the classification on the product itself, constitutes
the supplier’s (manufacturer’s)certificationthat the prod- a slag on top of the deposit which must be removed and
uct meets all of the requirements of the specification. discarded.
The only testing requirement implicit in this certifica- A5.4 The sample offused filler metal must be large
tion is that the manufacturer has actually conducted the enough to provide the amount of undiluted material
tests required by the specification on material that is required by the chemist for analysis. No size or shapeof
representative of that being shipped and that the material deposited padshas been specified because these are
met the requirements of the specification. Representa- immaterial if the deposit is truly undiluted,
tive material, in this case, is any production run of that A5.5 A samplemadeusing the composite-type filler
classification using the same formulation. “Certifica- metal which has been fused in a copper mold should be
tion” is not to be construedto mean that tests of any kind undiluted since there will be essentially no admixture
were necessarily conducted on samples of the specific with base metal.
material shipped. Tests onsuch material may or may not
have been made.The basis for the certification required A5.6 Assurance that an undiluted sample is being ob-
by thespecification is the classification test of “represen- tained from the chosen size of pad at the selected dis-
tative material” cited above,and the “Manufacturer’s tance above the base metal can be obtained by analyzing
Quality Assurance System” in ANSIIAWS A5.01. chips removed fromsuccessively lower layers of the pad,
Layers whichare undiluted will allhave the same chem-
ical composition. Therefore, the determination of identi-
cal compositions for two successive layers of deposited
filler metal will provide evidence that the last layer is
A5. Preparation of Samples for undiluted. Layers diluted by mildsteel base metal will be
Chemical Analysis low in chromium and nickel. Particular attention should
---
be given to carbon when analyzing Type 308L, 308LSi,

|| | | |||
A5.1 Solid Bare Electrodes and Rod.Preparation of a 308LMo,309L, 309LSi, 309LMo,316L, 316LSi, 317L,
|
chemical analysis sample from solid, bare welding elec- 320LR, 383, 385, 446LM0, 2209, or 2553 weld metal
|
|||| ||||
trodes and rods presents no technical difficulties. Such deposited using either solid or metal coredelectrodes or
filler metal may be subdivided for analysis by any con- rods. Because of carbon pick-up, the undiluted layers in
|
a pad built on high-carbon base metalbegin a consider-

| ||||||
venient method with all samples or chipsrepresentative

of the lot of filler metal. able distance above the base.
||||| |
||
|
--

AWS A 5 - 9 93 m 0784265 0501274 40b m
11
A6. Ventilation During Welding Stainless Steel Weld Metal.’In 1974, the AWS extended
this procedure and prepared AWS A4.2, Standard Pro-
A6.1 Five majorfactors govern the quantity of fumes to
cedures for Calibrating MagneticInstruments to Mea-
which welders and welding operators can be exposed
sure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic Stainless
during welding:
Steel Weld Metal.All instruments used to measure the
(1) Dimensions ofthe space in which weldingis done
ferrite content ofAWS classified stainless electrode prod-
(with special regard to the height of the ceiling)
ucts were to betraceable to thisAWS standard.
(2) Number of welders and welding operators work-
ing in the space A73 The W C Subcommittee also adopted the term
(3) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust, accord- Ferrite Number (FN)to be used in place of percent
ing tothe materials and processes involved ferrite, to clearly indicate that the measuringinstrument
(4) The proximity ofthe welders or welding operators was calibrated to the WRC procedure. The Ferrite Num-
to the fumes as they issue from the welding zone, andto ber, up to 10FN, is to be considered equal to the
“percent
the gases and dusts in the space in whichthey are ferrite” term previously used. It represents a good aver-
working age of commercialUS. and world practice on the “per-
(5) The ventilation provided to the space in which the cent ferrite”, Through the use of standard calibration
welding is done procedures, differences in readings due to instrument
calibration are expected to be reduced to about 25 per-
A6.2 American National Standard 249.1,
Safety inWeld-
cent, or at the most, 210 percent of the measured ferrite
ing and Cutting (published by the American Welding
value.
Society), discusses the ventilation that is required during
welding and should be referred to for details. Attention A7.4 In the opinion of the WRC Subcommittee, it has
is particularly drawn to the section of that document been impossible, to date, to accurately determine the true
related to Health Protection and Ventilation. absolute ferrite content of weld metals.
A7.5 Evenonundiluted pads, ferrite variations from
pad to pad must be expected due to slight changes in
A7. Ferrite in Weld Deposits welding and measuring variables. On a large group of
A7.1 Ferrite is known to be very beneficial in reducing padsfrom one heat or lot andusingastandardpad
---
the tendency for cracking or fissuring in weld metals; welding and preparation procedure plus or minus two
|| | | |||
however, it is not essential. Millions of pounds of fully sigma values indicate that 95 percent of the tests are
austenitic weldmetalhavebeenused for years and expected to bewithin a range of approximately k2.2 FN
|
|
provided satisfactory service performance. Generally, at about 8 FN. If different pad welding and preparation
|||| ||||
ferrite ishelpful when the welds are restrained, the joints procedures are used, these variations will increase,
|
are large, and when cracks or fissures adversely affect
| ||||||
service performance. Ferrite increases the weld strength
A7.6 Even larger variations may be encountered if the
welding technique allows excessive nitrogen pickup, in
||||| |
level. Ferrite may have adetrimental effect on corrosion
resistance in some environments.It also is generally which case the ferrite can bemuch lower than it should
||
be. Highnitrogenpickup cancause a typical 8 FN
|
regarded as detrimental to toughness in cryogenic serv-
deposit to drop to O FN. A nitrogen pickup of 0.10 per-
--
ice, and in high-temperature service where it can trans-
cent will typically decrease the FN by about 8.
form into the brittle sigma phase.
A7.2 Ferrite can bemeasured on a relative scale by
A7.7 Plate materials tend to be balanced chemically to
have an inherently lower ferrite content than matching
means of various magnetic instruments. However, work
weld metals. Weld metal diluted with plate metal will
by the Subcommittee for Welding of Stainless Steel of
usually be somewhat lower in ferrite than the undiluted
the High Alloys Committee of the Welding Research
weld metal, though this doesvarydepending on the
Council (WRC) established that the lack of a standard
amountof dilution and the compositionof the base
calibration procedure resulted in a very wide spread of
metal.
readings on a given specimen when measured bydiffer-
ent laboratories. A specimen averaging 5.0 percent fer- A7.8 The welding process used and the welding condi-
rite based on thedata collected from allthe laboratories tions and technique have a significant influence on the
was measured as low as 3.5 percent by some andas high chemical composition andthe ferritecontent ofthe weld
as 8.0 percent byothers. At an average of 10 percent, the deposit in many instances. These influences must be
spread was 7.0 to 16.0 percent. In order to substantially
reduce this problem, the WRC Subcommittee published
on July 1, 1972, A Calibration Procedure for Instru- 1. WeldingResearchCouncil,345 East 47thStreet,New
ments to Measure the Delta FerriteContent OfAustenitic York, NY 10017.

12
considered by the user if the weld deposit must meet sition of the electrode. If the flux is active or alloyed,
specific chemical or Ferrite Number limits. The purpose changes in the welding conditions, particularly voltage,
of A7.9.1throughA7.9.3 is to present some general c will result in significant changes inthe chemical compo-
information on the effect of various welding processes sition of the deposit. Higher voltages produce greater
on the chemical composition and the ferrite content of fludmetal interactions and, for example, in the case of
weld deposits made with filler metal classified in this an alloy flux, greater alloy pickup.
specification.
A7.9.4 When close control of ferrite content is re-
A7.9 The chemical composition ofa given weld deposit quired, the effects of a particular flux/electrode combi-
has the capability of providing an approximately predict- nation should be evaluated before any production welding
able Ferrite Number for the deposit, as described in is undertaken due tothe effects as shown in Table Al.
A7.13with the limitations discussedhere.However, A7.10 Bare filler metal wire, unlike covered electrodes,
importantchanges in the chemicalcompositionscan cannot beadjusted for ferrite content bymeans of further
occur from wire to deposit as described in A7.9.1 through alloy additions by the electrode producer, except through
A7.9.4. the use of flux in the submerged arc welding process.
Thus, if specific FN ranges are desired, they must be
A7.9.1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, This welding
obtained through wire chemistry selection. This is fur-
process involves the least change in the chemical com-
ther complicated by the changes in the ferrite content
position from wire to deposit, and hence produces the
from wire to deposit caused by the welding process and
smallest difference between the ferrite content calculat-
techniques, as previously discussed.
edfrom the wire analysis andthatmeasured on the
--
deposit. There is some lossof carbon ingas tungsten arc A7.11 In the 300 series filler metals, the compositions
|
welding - about halfof the carboncontent above 0.02 per-

||
of the bare filler metal wires in general tend to cluster

||||| |
cent. Thus, a wire of 0.06 percent carbon will typically around the midpoints of the available chemical ranges.
| ||||||
produce a deposit of 0.04 percent carbon. There is also Thus, the potential ferrite for the 308, 308L, and 347
some nitrogenpickup-a gain of 0.02percent. The change wires is approximately 10 F N , for the 309 wire approxi-
|
|||| ||||
in other elements is not significant in the undiluted weld mately 12 FN, and for the 316 and 316L wiresapprox-
metal. imately 5 FN. Around these midpoints, the ferrite contents
|
|
may be 27FN or more, butthe chemical compositions of

|| | | |||
A7.9.2 Gas Metal Arc Welding. For this process, these filler metals will still be within the chemical limits
typical carbon losses are low, only about one quarter specified in this specification.
---
those of the gas tungsten arc welding process. However,

the typical nitrogen pick up is much higher than in gas
tungsten arc welding, andit should be estimatedat about
0.04 percent (equivalent to about 3 or 4 FN loss) unless
specific measurements on welds for a particular applica- Table A l
tion establish other values. Nitrogen pickup inthis proc- Variations of Alloying Elements
ess is very dependent upon the welding technique and for Submerged Arc Welding
may go ashigh as 0.15 percent or more. This mayresult
in little or no ferrite in the weld deposits of filler metals Element Typical Change From
Wire to Deposit
such as ER308 and ER309. Some slight oxidation plus Carbon Varies. On “L” grades usually a gain: +0.01
volatilization losses may occur in manganese, silicon, to +0.02percent; on regular grades usually a
chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. loss: up to -0.02 percent
A7.9.3 Submerged Arc Welding. Submerged arc Silicon Usually a gain: t0.3 to +0.6 percent
welds show variable gains, losses of alloying elements, Chromium Usually a loss unlessa deliberate addition is
or both depending on the flux used. All fluxes produce made to the flux:-0.5 to -3.0 percent
some changes in the chemical composition as the elec-
trode is melted and depositedas weld metal. Some fluxes Nickel Little change unlessa deliberate addition is
made to the flux
deliberately add alloying elements such as columbium
(niobium) and molybdenum;others are very active in the Manganese Vanes: -0.5 to t0.5 percent
sense that they deplete significant amounts of certain Molybdenum Little change unless a deliberate addition is
elements that are readily oxidized, such as chromium. made to the flux
Other fluxes are less active and maycontain small amounts
of alloys to offset any losses and thereby, produce a weld Columbium Usually a loss unless a deliberate addition:
deposit with a chemical compositionclose to the compo- (Niobium) -0.2 to -0.5 percent

AWS A5.7 73 m 07842b5050L27b 289
13
A7.12 In summary, the ferrite potential of a filler metal The new WRC-1988Diagram (see A7.13.1)is the most
afforded by this chemical composition will, except for a accurate and preferred diagram for predicting the ferrite
few instances in submerged arc welding, be modified in “300” series stainless steel weldmetals. Future publi-
downward in the deposit due to changes in the chemical cations of this specification may not include theDeLong
composition which are caused by the welding process Diagram.
and the technique used. A7.13.4 The differences between measured and calcu-
A7.13 The ferrite content of welds may be calculated lated ferrite are somewhatdependent on the ferritelevel
from the chemical composition of the weld deposit. This of the deposit, increasing as the ferrite level increases.
can be done from oneof several constifution diagrams. The agreement between the calculated andmeasured
These are the WRC-1988Diagram (Figure Al), the Espy ferrite values is also strongly dependent on the quality of
Diagram (Figure A2), and the DeLong Diagram (Fig- the chemical analysis. Variations in the results of the
ure M).There may be a wide range of results obtained chemical analyses encountered from laboratory to labo-
from onediagram to another. The following paragraphs ratory can have significanteffectson the calculated
give some explanation of the differences among these ferrite value, changing it as much as 4 to 8 FN. Cooling
diagrams and their recommended applications. rate has a significant effect on the actual ferritecontent
and is one reason for the variations between calculated
A7.13.1 WRC-1988 Diagram2 (Figure Al) predicts and measuredferrite of weld metal.
ferrite in Ferrite Number (FN). This diagram is the
--
newest of the diagrams mentioned. Studies within the

|
WRC Subcommittee onWelding Stainless Steel and

||
AS. Description and Intended Use

||||| |
within Commission II of the International Institute of

Welding show a closer agreement between measured of Filler Metals
| ||||||
and predictedferrite using this diagram thanwhen using A8.1 ER209. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
|
the DeLong Diagram. It should be noted thatpredictions

|||| ||||
classification is 22 Cr,11 Ni, 5.5 Mn, 2 Mo,and 0.20N.

of the WRC-1988Diagram are independent of silicon
Filler metals of this classification are mostoften used to
|
and manganese contents because these elements were

|
weld UNS S20910 base metal. This alloy is a nitrogen-

|| | | |||
not found to have statistically significant effects. The strengthened, austenitic stainless steel exhibiting high
WRC-1988Diagram is preferred for “300” series stain-
strength and good toughness over a wide range of tem-
---
less steels andfor duplex stainless alloys. It may not be perature. Weldments in the as-welded condition made
applicable to compositions having greater than 0.2 per-
using this filler metal are not subject to carbide precipita-
cent of nitrogen and greater than10 percent of manganese.
tion. Nitrogen alloying reduces the tendency for carbon
A7.13.2 EspyDiagram3 (Figure A2) calculates the diffusion and thereby increases resistance to intergranu-
percent ferrite rather than FN of deposits of the “200’y lar corrosion.
series (see A2.1) having manganese levels up to 15 per- The ER209 filler metal has sufficient totalalloy con-
cent and nitrogen contents up to 0.35 percent (nitrogen tent for use in welding dissimilar alloys like mild steel
strengthened austenitic stainless steels). and the stainless steels, and also for direct overlay on
mild steel for corrosion applications when used with the
A7.13.3 DeLong Diagram4, Figure A3,is a modified gas metal arc welding process.
Schaeffler Diagrams predicting the Ferrite Number (FN)
The gas tungsten arc, plasma arc, and electron beam
up to a maximum of 18 FN. The diagram includes the
processes are not suggested for direct application of this
nitrogen level into thecalculation to predict the FN.The
filler metal on mild steel.
DeLong modifications to the Schaeffler Diagram pro-
vide a better correlation between the calculated and A8.2 ER218. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
measured ferrite content ofthe weld metal; therefore, the classification is 17 Cr, 8.5 Ni, 8 Mn, 4 Si, and 0.13 N.
Schaeffler Diagram is not shown in this specification. Filler metals of this classification are most often used to
weld UNS S21800base metals. This alloy is a nitrogen-
strengthened austenitic stainlesssteel exhibiting high
2. McCowan, C.N.,Siewert, T. A. and Olson, D. L. “Stainless strength and good toughness over a wide range of tem-
steel weld metal: prediction of ferrite.” Bulletin 342. New perature. Nitrogen alloying in this base composition re-
York: Welding Research Council,April 1989.
3. Espy, R. H. “Weldabilityof nitrogen-strengthened stainless
sults in significant improvement in wear resistance in
steels.” Welding Journal 61(5): 149S-156SY 1982. particle-to-metal and metal-to-metal (galling) applica-
4. DeLong, W.T.1974 Adams Lecture: “Ferrite in austenitic tions when compared to the moreconventional austenitic
stainless steel weld metal.” Welding Journal 53 (7): 273-S- stainless steels such as Type 304.The ER218 filler metal
2864,July 1974. has sufficient total alloy content for use in welding
5. Schaeffler, A.E.Metal Progras 56: 680-680B. dissimilar alloys likemild steel and the stainless steels,

"" ~~~ "" -
AWS A5.9 93 9 0784265 0501277 115 9
14
18
16
Z
a+
14
.-+
z
II
.-z W
12
--
10
|
||
||||| |
| ||||||
Creq= Cr + Mo + 0.7 Nb
|
|||| ||||
|
Figure Al-WRC-1988 Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal

|
|| | | |||
---
8 6 O4 2 20 18 10
16 14 12 22
28 26 24 30 34 32 40 38 36
CHROMIUM EQUIVALENT = %Cr + Mo + 1.5 x %Si + 0.5 X %Cb (Nb) + 5 X %V + 3 x %Al
Figure &Espy Percent Ferrite Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal

15
---
|| | | |||
|
|
|||| ||||
|
| ||||||
||||| |
||
|
--
21 20 16 19 17 18 26 27
CHROMIUM, EQUIVALENT= OhCr + %Mo + 1.5 x %Si + 0.5 x %Cb
Calculate the nickel and chromium equivalents from the weld metal analysis. If nitrogen analysis of the weld metalis not available,
assume0.06°hfor GTA and covered electrode,orO.O8%for GMA weld metals. I f the chemistryis accurate the diagram predicts WRC the
Ferrite Number within plus or minus
3 in approximately 90% of the tests for the 308, 309, 316and 317 families.
Figure A3-DeLong (FN) Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal
and also for direct overlay on mild steel for corrosion and mild steel for corrosive applications when used with the
wear applications when usedwith the gas metal arc gas metal arc welding process. The gas tungsten arc,
process. The gas tungsten arc, plasma arc, and electron plasma arc, and electron beam processesare not suggest-
beam processes are not suggested for direct application ed for direct application of this fillermefal on mild steel.
of this filler metal on mild steel. A8.4 ER240. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
A83 ER219. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this classification is 18 Cr, 5 Ni, 12 Mn, and 0.20 N. Filler
classification is 20 Cr, 6 Ni, 9 Mn, and 0.20 N. Filler metal of this classification is most often used to weld
metals of this classification are most often used to weld UNS S24000 and UNS S24100 basemetals. These alloys
UNS S21900base metals. This alloy is a nitrogen- are nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steels ex-
strengthened austenitic stainless steel exhibiting high hibiting high strength and good toughness over a wide
strengthandgoodtoughnessover a widerange of range of temperatures. Significant improvement ofwear
temperatures. resistance in particle-to-metal and metal-to-metal (gall-
Weldments made usingthis filler metal are not subject ing) applications is a valuable characteristic whencom-
to carbide precipitation in the as-welded condition. Ni- pared to the more conventionalaustenitic stainlesssteels
trogen alloying reduces the tendency for intergranular such as Type 304. Nitrogen alloying reduces the ten-
carbide precipitation in the weld area by inhibiting car- dency toward intergranular carbide precipitation in the
bon diffusion and thereby increases resistance to inter- weld area by inhibiting carbon diffusion thereby reduc-
granular corrosion. ing the possibility for intergranular corrosion. Nitrogen
The ER219 filler metal has sufficient total alloy con- alloying also improves resistance to pitting and crevice
tent for use in joining dissimilar alloys like mild steel corrosion in aqueous chloride-containing media.In addi-
and the stainless steels, and also for direct overlay on tion, weldments in Type 240 exhibit improved resistance

16
to transgranular stress corrosion cracking in hot aqueous welding wroughtmaterials such as Type 316 (UNS31600)
chloride-containing media. The ER240 filler metal has stainless when a ferrite content in excess of that attain-
sufficient total alloy content for use in joining dissimilar able with the ER316 classification is desired.
alloys like mild steel and the stainless steels and also for
direct overlay on mildsteel for corrosion and wearappli- A8.11 ER308LMo. This classification is used for weld-
cations when used with the gas metal arc process. The ing ASTM CF3M stainless steel castings and matches
gas tungsten arc, plasma arc, and electron beam proc- the base metalwithregard to chromium, nickel, and
esses are not suggestedfor direct application of this filler molybdenum contents.It may be used for welding wrought
metal on mild steel. materials such as Type 316L stainless whena ferrite in
excess of that attainable with ER316L is desired.
'A8.5 ER307. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
A8.12ER308Si. Thisclassification is thesameas
classification is 21Cr, 9.5 Ni, 4 Mn, 1Mo. Filler metals
ER308, except for the higher silicon content. This im-
of this classification are used primarily for moderate-
proves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal
strength welds with good crack resistance between dis-
arc welding processes (see A9.2). If the dilution by the
similar steels such as austenitic manganese steel and
base'metal produces alow ferriteor fully austenitic weld
carbon steel forgings or castings.
metal, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat
A8.6 ER308. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this higher than that of a lowersilicon content weld metal.
classification is 21Cr, 10 Ni. Commercial specifications A8.13 ER309. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis
for filler and base metals vary in the minimum alloy classification is 24Cr, 13 Ni. Filler metals of this classi-
requirements; consequently, the names 18-8, 19-9, and fication are commonly usedfor welding similar alloysin
20-10 are often associated with filler metalsof this wrought or cast form. Occasionally, they are used to
classification. This classification is most often used to weld Type 304 and similar base metals where severe
weld base metals of similar composition, in particular, corrosion conditions exist requiring higher alloy weld
Type 304. metal. Theyare also used in dissimilar metal welds,such
as joining Type 304 to carbon steel, welding the clad side
A8.7 ER308H. This classification is the sameas ER308,
of Type304 clad steels, and applyingstainless steelsheet
except that the allowable carbon content has been re-
linings to carbon steel shells.
stricted to the higher portion of the 308 range. Carbon
content in the range of0.04-0.08 provides higherstrength A8.14ER309L. Thisclassification is the sameas
at elevated temperatures. This filler metal is used for ER309, except for the carbon content. Low carbon (0.03
welding 304H basemetal. percent mm) in this filler metal reduces thepossibility of
intergranular carbide precipitation. This increases the
A8.8 ER308L. This classification is the same asER308, resistance to intergranular corrosion without the use of
except for the carbon content. Low carbon (0.03 percent stabilizers such as columbium(niobium) or titanium.
max) in this filler metal reduces the possibility of inter- Strength of this low-carbon alloy, however, may not be
granular carbide precipitation. This increases the resist- as great at elevated temperatures as that of the colum-
ance to intergranularcorrosionwithout the use of bium (niobium)-stabilized alloys or ER309.
stabilizers such as columbium(niobium) or titanium.
Strength of this low-carbon alloy, however, is less than A8.15ER309Si. Thisclassificationisthesame as
thatof the columbium (niobium)-stabilized alloys or ER309, except for higher silicon content. This improves
Type 308H at elevated temperatures. the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal arc
welding processes (see A9.2). If the dilution by the base
A8.9 ER308LSi. Thisclassification is the same as metalproducesalow ferrite or fully austenitic weld
ER308L,except for the higher silicon content. This metal deposit, the crack sensitivity of the weld is some-
improves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal what higher than that of a lower silicon content weld
arc welding process (see A9.2). If the dilution by the metal.
basemetalproduces a low ferrite or fully austenitic
weld, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat A8.16ER309Mo. This classification is the sameas
higher than that of a lowersilicon content weld metal. ER309except for the addition of2.0 to 3.0percent
molybdenum to increase its pitting corrosion resistance
A8.10 ER308Mo. This classification is the same as in halide-containing environments. The primary applica-
ER308, except for the addition of molybdenum. It is tion for this filler metal is surfacing of base metals to
used for welding ASTM CF8M stainless steel castings improve their corrosion resistance. The ER309Mo is
and matches the base metal with regard to chromium, used to achieve a single-layer overlay with a chemical
nickel, and molybdenum contents. It may be used for composition similar to that of a 316 stainlesssteel. It is
-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

AWS A5.9 9 3 W 0784265 050L280 70T =
17
also used for the first layer of multilayer overlays with The presence of molybdenum provides creep resistance
filler metals such as ER316 or ER317 stainless steels. at elevated temperatures and pitting resistance in a halide
Without the first layer of 309M0, elements such as atmosphere.
chromium and molybdenum might be reduced to unac- Rapid corrosion of ER316 weld metal may occur
ceptable levels in successive layers by dilution from the when the following three factors co-exist:
base metal. Other applications include the welding of (1) The presence of a continuous or semicontinuous
molybdenum-containing stainless steel linings to carbon network of ferrite inthe weld metal microstructure
steel shells, the joining of carbon steel base metals which (2) A composition balance.of the weld metal giving a
had been clad with a molybdenum-containing stainless chromium-fo-molybdenum ratio of less than 8.2 to 1
steel, and the joining of dissimilar base metals such as (3)Immersion of theweldmetalin a corrosive
carbon steel to Type 304 stainless steel. medium. Attempts to classify the media in which accel-
erated corrosion will take place by attack on the ferrite
A8.17 ER309LMo. This classification is the same as phase have not been entirely successful. Strong oxidiz-
an ER309Mo except for a lower maximum carbon con- ing and mildlyreducing environments have been present
tent (0.03%). Low-carbon contents in stainless steels where a number of corrosion failures wereinvestigated
---
reduce the possibility of chromium carbide precipitation
|| | | |||
and documented. The literature should be consulted for
and therebyincrease weld metal resistance to intergranu- latest recommendations.
lar corrosion. The ER309LMo is used in the same type of
|
|
A8.22 ER316H. This fillermetal is the same as ER316,
|||| ||||
applications as the ER309Mo, but where excessive pick-
up of carbon from dilution by the base metal, where except that the allowable carbon content has been re-
|
intergranular corrosion from carbide precipitation, or stricted to the higher portion of the 316 range. Carbon
| ||||||
both are factors to be considered in the selection of the content in the range of 0.04 to 0.08 wt.% provides higher
||||| |
filler metal. In multilayer overlays, the low carbon strength at elevated temperatures. This filler metal is
ER309LMo is usually needed for the first layer in order used for welding 316H base metal.
||
|
to achieve low carbon contents in successive layers with A8.23 ER316L. This classification isthesameas
--
filler metals such as ER316L or ER317L. ER316, except for the carbon content. Low carbon (0.03
A8.18ER309LSi. This classification is the sameas percent max.) in this filler metal reduces the possibility
ER309L, except for higher silicon content. This im- of intergranular chromiumcarbide precipitation and there-
proves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal by increases the resistance to intergranular corrosion
arc welding processes (see A9.2). If the dilution by the without the use of stabilizers suchas columbium (niobi-
basemetal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic um) or titanium. This filler metal is primarily used for
weld, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat welding low-carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic al-
higher than that of a lower silicon content weld metal. loys. This low-carbon alloy, however, is not as strong at
elevated temperature as the columbium (niobium)-stabí-
A8.19 ER310. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this lized alloys or Type ER316H.
classification is 26.5Cr, 21 Ni. Filler metal of this
classification is most often used to weld base metals of A8.24ER316LSi. This classification is thesameas
similar composition, ER316L, except forthe higher silicon content. This
improves the usability of the filler
metal in the gasmetal
A8.20 ER312. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this arc welding process (see A9.2). If the dilution by the
classification is 30 Cr, 9 Ni. Filler metal of this classifi- base metal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic
cation was originally designed to weld cast alloys of weld, the crack sensitivity is somewhat higher than that
similar composition. It also has been found to be valu- of a lower silicon content weld metal.
able in welding dissimilar mefals such as carbon steel to
stainless steel, particularly those grades high in nickel. A8.25ER316Si. Thisclassification is thesameas
This alloy gives a two-phase weld depositwith substan- ER316, except for the higher silicon content. This im-
tial percentages of ferrite in an austenite matrix. Even proves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal
with considerable dilution by austenite-formingelements arc welding process (see A9.2). If the dilution by the
such as nickel, the microstructure remains two-phase and base metal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic
thus highly resistant to weld metal cracks and fissures. weld, the crack sensitivity of theweldissomewhat
higher than that of a lower silicon content weld metal.
A8.21 ER316. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
classification is 19 Cr, 12.5 Ni and 2.5 Mo. This filler A8.26 ER317. Thenominal composition (wt.%)of this
metal is used for welding Type 316 andsimilar alloys. It classification is 19.5 Cr, 14 Ni, 3.5 Mo,somewhat higher
has been used successfully in certain applications in- thanER316. It is usually used for welding alloys of
volving special base metals for high-temperature service. similar composition. ER317 filler metal is utilized in

18
severely corrosive environments where crevice and pit- in Type 347in reducing intergranular chromium carbide
ting corrosion are of concern. precipitation and thus increasing resistance to intergran-
ular corrosion. The filler metal of this classification is
AS.27ER317L. Thisclassificationis the same as used for welding chromium-nickel stainless steel base
ER317, exceptfor the carbon content. Low carbon(0.03
metals ofsimilar composition, usingan inert gas shielded
percent max)in this filler metal reducesthe possibility of
process. It is not suitable foruse with the submerged arc
intergranular carbide precipitation. This increases the
process because only small
a portion of the titanium will
resistance to intergranular corrosion without the use of
be recovered in the weld metal.
stabilizers such as columbium(niobium) or titanium.
This low-carbon alloy, however, may not beas strong at AS.32 ER330. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis
elevated temperature as the columbium (niobium)-stabi- classification is 35.5 Ni, 16 Cr. Filler metal of this typeis
lized alloys or Type 317. commonly used where heat and scale resisting properties
above 1800OF(98OOC) are required, except in high-
AS.28 ER31S. This composition is identical to ER316,
sulphur environments, as these environments may ad-
except for the addition of columbium (niobium). Colum-
versely affect elevated temperature performance. Repairs
bium (niobium) provides resistance to intergranularchro-
of defects in alloy castings and the welding of castings
mium carbideprecipitation and thus increased resistance
and wrought alloys of similar composition are the most
to intergranular corrosion. Filler metal of this classifica-
common applications.
tion is used primarily for welding base metalsof similar
composition. AS.33 ER347. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis
classification is 20 Cr, 10 Ni with Cb(Nb) added as a
AS.29 ER320. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
classification is 20 Cr, 34 Ni, 2.5 Mo, 3.5 Cuwith stabilizer. The addition of Cb(Nb) reduces the possibility
of intergranular chromium carbideprecipitation and thus
Cb(Nb) added to provide resistance to intergranular cor-
susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. The filler metal
rosion. Filler metal of this classification is primarily used
of this classification is usually used for welding chromi-
to weld base metals of similar composition for applica-
um-nickel stainless steel basemetals ofsimilar composi-
tions where resistance to severe corrosion involving a
tion stabilizedwith either Cb(Nb) or Ti. Although Cb(Nb)
wide range of chemicals, including sulfuric and sulfu-
is the stabilizing element usually specified in Type 347
rous acids and their salts, is required. This filler metal
alloys, it should be recognized that tantalum (Ta) is also
can be usedto weld both castings and wrought alloys of
present. Ta and Cb(Nb) are almost equally effective in
similar composition without postweld heattreatment. A
stabilizing carbonand in providinghigh-temperature
modification of this classification without columbium
strength. If dilution by the base metal produces a low
(niobium) is available for repairing castings which do
ferrite or fully austenitic weld metal, the crack sensi-
not contain columbium (niobium), but with this modi-
tivity of the weld may increase substantially.
fiedcomposition, solution annealing is required after
welding. AS.34ER347Si. Thisclassificationisthesame as
ER347, except for the higher silicon content. This im-
AS.30 ER320LR (Low Residuals). This classification
proves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal
has the same basic composition as ER320; however, the
elements C, Si, P, and S are specified at lower maximum arc welding process (see A9.2). If the dilution by the
basemetalproduces a low ferrite or fully austenitic
levels and the Cb (Nb)and Mnare controlled at narrower
weld, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat
ranges. These changes reduce the weld metal hotcrack-
higher than that of a lower silicon content weld metal.
ing and fissuring (while maintainingthe corrosion resist-
ance) frequently encountered in fully austenitic stainless AS35 ER383. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis
steel weld metals. Consequently, weldingpractices typi- classification is 27.5 Cr, 31.5 Ni, 3.7 Mo,and 1Cu. Filler
cally used for austenitic stainless steel weld metals con- metal of this classification is used to weld UNS NO8028
taining ferrite can be used in bare filler metal welding base metal to itself, or to other gradesof stainless steel.
processes such as gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc. ER383 filler metal is recommended for sulphuric and
ER320LR filler metalhasbeenused successfully in phosphoric acid environments. The elements C, Si, P,
submerged arc overlay welding, but it may be prone to and S are specified at low maximum levels to minimize
cracking when used for joining base metal by the sub- weld metal hot cracking and fissuring (while maintain-
merged arc process. ER320LR weld metal has a lower ing the corrosion resistance) frequently encountered in
minimum tensile strength than ER320 weldmetal. fully austenitic stainless steel weldmetals.
AS.31 ER321. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis AS36 ER385. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis
classification is 19.5 Cr, 9.5 Ni withtitanium added. The classification is 20.5 Cr, 25 Ni, 4.7 Mo, and 1.5 Cu.
titanium acts in the same way as columbium (niobium) ER385 filler metal is used primarily forwelding of
-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

19
ASTMB625,B673,B674,and B677 (UNS N08904) give adequate corrosion resistance for theusual applica-
materials for the handling of sulphuric acid and many tions,andyet retain sufficient ductility inthe heat-
chloride containing media. ER385 filler metal also may treated condition. (Excessive chromium will result in
be used to join Type 317L material where improved lower ductility.) Welding with filler metal of the ER430
corrosion resistance in specificmedia is needed. ER385 classification usually requires preheating and postweld
filler metal may be used for joining UNS NO8904 base heat treatment.
metals to other grades of stainless steel. The elements C, Optimum mechanical properties and corrosion resist-
S, P, and Si are specified at lower maximum levels to ance are obtained only when the weldment is heat treated
minimize weld metal hot cracking, and fissuring (while following the welding operation.
maintaining corrosion resistance) frequently encountered
AS.43 ER446LMo. The nominal composition (W.%)
in fully austenitic weld metals.
of this classification (formerly listed as ER26-1) is 26 Cr,
AS37 ER409. This 12 Cralloy(wt.%) differs from 1 Mo. It is used for welding base metal of the same
Type 410 material because it has a ferritic microstruc- composition with inert gas shielded welding processes.
ture. The titanium addition forms carbides to improve Due to the high purity of bothbase metal and filler metal,
corrosion resistance, increase strength at high tempera- cleaning of the parts before welding is most important.
ture,and promote theferritic microstructure. ER409 Complete coverage by shielding gas during welding is
filler metals may be used to join matching or dissimilar extremely important to prevent contamination by oxy-
base metals. The greatest usage is for applications where gen and nitrogen. Nonconventional gas shieldingmeth-
thin stock is fabricated into exhaust system components. ods (leading, trailing, and back shielding) often are
employed.
AS.38ER409Cb. This classification is the same as
ER409 except that columbium (niobium) is used instead AS.44 ER502. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
of titanium to achieve similar results. Oxidation losses classification is 5 Cr and 0.50Mo. It is used for welding
across the arc generally are lower. Applications are the material of similar composition, usually in the form of
same as those of ER409 fîîler metals. pipe or tubing. The alloy is an air-hardening material,
AS39 ER410. This 12 Cr alloy (wt.%)is an air-harden- and therefore, when welding with this filler metal, pre-
ing steel. Preheat and postheat treatments are required to heating and postweld heat treatment are required.
achieve welds of adequate ductility for many engineer- AS.45 ER505. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this
ing purposes. The most common application of filler classification is 9 Cr, 1Mo. Filler metal of this classifi-
metal ofthis type is for welding alloys of similar compo- cation is used for welding base metalof similar composi-
sition. It is also used for deposition of overlays on carbon tion, usually inthe form of pipeor tubing. The alloy is an
steels to resist corrosion, erosion, or abrasion. air-hardening material, andtherefore, when welding with
A8.40 ER410NiMo. The nominal composition (wt.%) this filler metal, preheating and postweld heat treatment
of this classification is 12 Cr,4.5Ni,0.55 Mo. It is are required.
primarily designedfor welding ASTM CA6NM castings AS.46 ER630. The nominal composition (W.%) of this
or similar material, as well as light gage 410,41OS, and classification is 16.4 Cr, 4.7 Ni, 3.6 Cu.The composition
405 base metals, Filler metal of this classification is is designed primarilyfor welding ASTM A564 Type 630
modified to contain less chromium and more nickel to and some other precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
eliminate ferrite in the microstructure as it has a deleteri- The composition is modified to prevent the formation of
ous effect on mechanical properties. Final postweld heat ferrite networks in the martensitic microstructure which
treatment should not exceed 1150°F (620°C), as higher have a deleterious effect on mechanical properties. De-
temperatures may result in rehardening due to untem- pendent on the application and weldsize, the weld metal
pered martensite in the microstructure after cooling to may be used either as-welded, welded and precipitation
room temperature. hardened, or welded, solution treated, and precipitation
A8.41 ER420. This classification is similar to ER410, hardened.
except for slightly higher chromium and carbon con-
A8.47 ER16-8-2. The nominal composition (W.%) of
tents. ER420 is used for many surfacing operations re-
this classification is 15.5Cr, 8.5 Ni, 1.5 Mo.Filler metal
quiring corrosion resistance provided by 12 percent
of this classification is used primarily for welding stain-
chromium along with somewhat higher hardness than
less steel such as types 16-8-2, 316, and 347 for high-
weld metal deposited by ER410 electrodes. This in-
pressure, high-temperature piping systems. The weld
creases wear resistance. deposit usually has a Ferrite Number no higher than
AS.42 ER430. This is a 16 Cr (wt.%) alloy. The com- 5 FN.The deposit also has good hot-ductility properties
position is balanced byproviding sufficient chromium to which offer greater freedom from weld or cratercracking
-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

20
even underrestraint conditions. The weld metalis usable 2.5 W (UNS R30556). Filler metal of this classification
in either the as-welded conditionor solution-treated con- is used for welding 31 Fe, 20 Ni, 22 Cr, 18 C o , 3 Mo,
dition. This filler metaldependsonavery carefully 2.5 W (UNS R30556) base metal to itself, for joining
balancedchemicalcomposition to develop its fullest steel to other nickel alloys, and for surfacing steelby the
properties. Corrosion tests indicate that the 16-8-2weld gas tungsten arc, gas metalarc, and plasma arc welding
metal may have less corrosion resistance than 316 base processes. The filler metal is resistant to high-tempera-
metal, dependingon the corrosive media.Where the ture corrosive environments containing sulfur. Typical
weldment is exposed to severe corrodants, the surface specifications for 31 Fe, 20 Ni, 22 Cr, 18 Co, 3Mo,
layers should be depositedwith a more corrosion-resistant 2.5 W base metal are ASTM B435, B572, B619, B622,
filler metal. and B626, UNS number R30556.
A8.48 ER19-1OH.The nominal composition (wt.%) of
this classification is 19 Cr, 10 Ni and similar to ER308H
except that the chromium content is lower and there are
A9. Usability
additional limits on Mo, Nb(Cb),and Ti. This lower A9.1 When welding stainless steels with the gas tung-
limit of Cr and additional limits on other Cr equivalent sten arc process, direct current electrode negative (dcen)
elements allows a lower ferrite range to be attained. A is preferred. For basemetal upto 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) thick,
lower ferrite level in the weld metal decreasesthe chance argon is the preferred shielding gas because there is less
of sigma embrittlementafter long-term exposureat tem- tendency to melt through these lighter thicknesses. For
peratures in excessof lOOOOF ( C). This filler metal greater thicknesses, or for automatic welding, mixtures
should be used in conjunction with welding processes of helium and argon are recommended because of the
and other welding consumables whichdo not deplete or greater penetration and better surface appearance. Argon
gas for shielding may also beused andwill givesatisfac-
--
otherwise significantly change the amount of chromium

|
in the weld metal. If used with submergedarc welding, a tory results in most cases, but a somewhat higher amper-
||
||||| |
flux that neither removes nor adds chromium to the weld age will be required. For information on the effects of
metal is highly recommended. higher silicon, see A9.2 and the classification of interest.
| ||||||
This filler metal alsohas the highercarbon level

A9.2 When using the gas metal arc welding process in
|
required for improved creep properties in high-tempera-

|||| ||||
which the filler metal is employed as an electrode, direct

ture service. The user is cautioned that actual weld
current electrode positive (dcep) is most commonlyused.
application qualification testing is recommended in or-
|
The shielding gas forspray transfer is usually argon, with

|
der to be surethat an acceptable weld metal carbon level

|| | | |||
or without minor additions of oxygen. For short circuit-

is obtained. If corrosion or scaling is a concern, special
ing transfer, shielding gases composed of helium plus
---
testing, as outlined in SectionAlo, Special Tests, should

additions of oxygen and carbon dioxide often are used.
be included inapplication testing.
The minimum thickness that can be welded is approxi-
A8.49 ER2209.The nominalcomposition(wt.%)of mately 1/8 to 3/16 in. (3.2 to 4.8 mm). However, thinner
this classification is 22.5 Cr, 8.5 Ni, 3 Mo, 0.15 N. Filler sections can be joined if a backing is used. The higher
metal of this classification is used primarily to weld silicon levels improve the washing and wetting behavior
duplex stainless steels which contain approximately 22 of the weld metal. For instance, for increases from 0.30
percent of chromium such as UNS S31803. Deposits of to 0.65 percent silicon, the improvement is pronounced;
this alloy have “duplex”microstructures consisting of an for increases from 0.65 to 1.0 percent silicon, further
austenite-ferrite matrix. These stainless steels are char- improvement is experienced but is lesspronounced.
acterized byhigh tensile strength, resistance to stress
A93 For submerged arc welding, direct current elec-
corrosion cracking, and improved resistance to pitting.
trode positive (dcep) or alternating current (ac) may be
A8.50 ER2553.The nominalcomposition(wt.%)of used. Basic or neutral fluxes aregenerally recommended
this classification is 25.5 Cr, 5.5 Ni, 3.4 Mo, 2 C u , 0.2 N. in order to minimize silicon pickup and the oxidation of
Filler metal of this classification is used primarily to chromium andother elements. When welding withflux-
weld duplex stainless steels which contain approximate- es that are not basic or neutral, electrodes havinga
ly 25 percent chromium. Deposits of this alloy have a silicon content belowthe normal 0.30 percent minimum
“duplex” microstructureconsisting of anaustenite-ferrite may be desired for submerged arc welding. Such active
matrix. These stainless steels are characterized by high fluxes may contribute some silicon to the weld metal. In
tensile strength, resistance to stress corrosion cracking, this case, the higher silicon does not significantly im-
and improved resistance to pitting. prove the washing and wettingaction of the weld metal.
A8.51 ER3556. The nominalcomposition(wt.%)of A9.4 The strip cladding process closely resembles con-
this classification is 29 Fe, 21 Ni, 22 Cr, 18.5 Co, 3 Mo, ventional submerged arc welding, except that a thin,

AWS A5.9 93 078Y265 0501284 355
21
consumablestrip electrode is substituted for the conven- duced usingfiller metal which conforms with this speci-
tional wire. Thus, the equipment consists of convention- fication are frequently determined during weldingproce-
al submerged arc units with modified contact tips and dure qualification. For cryogenic applications, impact
feed rolls. Normal power sources with a minimum output properties of welds are required. It should be realized
of 750 amperes are used. If submerged arc equipment is that the variables in the process,such as current, voltage,
available, then the same feeding motor, gear box, flux and welding speed; variables in the shielding medium,
handling system, wire spool, and controls used to feed such as the gas mixture or flux; variablesin the manual
wire electrodes can be used for strip surfacing. The only dexterity of the welder; and variables in the composition
difference in most cases is a strip welding head and of the base metal influence the results which may be
“bolt-on” adaptor plate. obtained. When properly controlled, however, these fill-
Strip surfacing is generally carried out using direct er metals will give sound welds under widely varying
current supplied either from a generator or from a rectifî- conditions with tensile strength and ductility similar to
er. Power sources with either constant voltage or droop- that obtainedby the coveredarc welding electrodes.
ing characteristics are used routinely. Tensile and elongation requirements for weld metal
A constant-voltage power source is preferable, how- deposited by shielded metalarc welding (covered) elec-
ever,generatororrectifiertypecanbeconnected in trodes specified in ANSUAWS A5.4, Specification for
parallel to produce higher current for specific applica- Stainless SteelElectrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Weld-
tions. The use of direct current electrode positive (dcep) ing, are shown inTable M . For a discussionof impacf
yields somewhat better edge shape and a more regular properties for cryogenic applications,see Appendix A8
deposit surface. of ANSVAWS A5.4. Note that the impact propertiesof
welds made with bare filler metals in the GTAW or
GMAW processes are usually superior to those produced
Alo. Special Tests with the SMAW or SAW processes. When supplementa-
ry tests for mechanical propertiesare specified, the pro-
A10.1 Corrosion or Scaling Tests. Tests of joint spec- cedures shouldbe in accordance with the latest edition of
imens have the advantage thatjoint the design and weld- ANSYAWSB4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical
ing procedure can be made identical to that being in used
Testing of Welds.
fabrication. They have the disadvantage of testing the
--
|
combined propertiesof the weld metal, the heat-affected

||
zone of the base metal, and the unaffected base metal.

||||| |
Furthermore, it is difficult to obtain reproducible data if

All. Safety Considerations
| ||||||
a difference exists between the corrosion or oxidation A l l . l Burn Protection. Moltenmetal,sparks,slag,

|
rates of the various metal structures (weld metal, heat- and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting,
|||| ||||
affected zone, and unaffected base metal). Test samples and allied processes. These can cause burns if precau-
cannot be readily standardized if welding procedure and tionary measures are notused.Workersshouldwear
|
|
joint design are to be considered variables.Joint speci- protective clothing madeof fire resistant material. Pant
|| | | |||
mens for corrosion tests should not befor used

qualifying cuffs, open pockets,or other placeson clothing that can
the filler metal, but may be usedfor qualifying welding catch and retain molten metal or sparks should not be
---
procedures using approved materials. Special corrosion worn. High-topshoes or leatherleggings and fire-resist-
or scale resisting tests which are pertinent to the intended ant gloves should be worn.legs Pant
should be worn over
application may be conducted as agreed upon between the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets or hand shields
the purchaser and supplier. This section is includedfor that provide protection for the face, neck, and ears, and a
the guidanceof those who desire to specify such special head covering to protect the head should be used. In
tests. addition, appropriate eye protection should be used.
When welding overhead or in confined spaces, ear
A10.2 The heat treatments, surface finish, and marking
plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear canal
of the specimens prior testing
to should be in accordance
should be worn. In addition, goggles or equivalent should
with standard practicesfor tests of similar alloys in the
be worn to give added eye protection. Clòthing should be
wrought or cast forms. The testing procedure should
kept free-of grease and oil. Combustible materials should
correspond toAS” G4, StandardMethodfor Conduct-
not be carried in pockets.If any combustiblesubstance
ing Corrosion Tests in Plant Equipment,or ASTM A262,
has been spilled on clothing, a change to clean, fire-
Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Znter-
resistant clothing should be made before working with
granularAttack in Austenitic Stainless Steels.
open arcs or flame. Aprons, cape-sleeves, leggings, and
A103 Tests for Mechanical Properties. The tensile shoulder covers with bibs designedfor welding service
properties, bend ductility, and soundness of welds pro- should be used. Where welding orcutting of unusually

"" ~~
AWS A509 93 m O784265 0503285 291
22
Table A2
Tenslle Requirements for All-Weld-Metal from ANSI/AWS A5.4-92
Tensile Strength, min
AWS Elongation
MPa ksi
Classification Treatment
Heat
min Percent
---
|| | | |||
E209-XX 100 690 15 None
E219-XX 90 620 15 None
|
E240-XX 100 690 15 None
|
|||| ||||
None E307-XX 30 85 590
None E308-XX 35 80 550
|
E308H-XX 80 None 550 35
| ||||||
None E308LXX35 75 520
E308M0-XX 80 550 35 None
||||| |
None E308MoGXX35 75 520
||
E309-XX 80 550 30 None
|
--
None E309LXX30 75 520
None E309Cb-XX 30 80 550
None E309Mo-XX30 80 550
None E309MoGXX30 75 520
None E310-XX 30 80 550
None E310H-XX10 90 620
None E310Cb-XX25 80 550
None E310M0-XX30 80 550
E312-XX 95 660 22 None
None E316-XX 30 75 520
None E316H-XX30 75 520
None E316GXX30 70 490
E317-XX 80 550 30 None
E317GXX 75 520 30 None
E318-XX 80 None 550 25
E320-XX 80 None 550 30
None E320LR-XX30 75 520
None E330-XX 25 75 520
E330H-XX 90 620 10 None
None E347-XX 30 75 520
None E349-XX 25 100 690
E383-XX 75 520 30 None
E385-XX 75 520 30 None
M10-XX20 75 450 a
E410NiMo-XX 110 760 15 C
E430-XX 65 450 20 d
E502-XX20 60 420 b
E505-XX20 60 420 b
E630-XX 135
e 930 7
None 35
E16-8-2-XX 80 550
E7Cr-XX20 60 420 b
None E2209-XX20 100 690
E2553-XX 110 760 15 None
Notes:
a. Heat to 1350 to 1400°F (730to 76OoC),hold for one hour, fumace mol at a rate of l00'F (60°C) per hour to
600'F (315OC) and air cool to ambient.
b. Heat to 1550 to 1600'F (840to 870°C), hold for two hours, furnace cool at arate not exceeding l00'F (SST)
pe.r hour to ll00'F (595'C) and air cool to ambient.
c. Heat to 1100 to 1150'F (595 to 62OoC),hold for one hour, and air cool to ambient.
d. Heat to 1400 to 1450'F (760 to 79OoC),hold for two hours, furnace cool at a rate not exceeding l00'F (55OC)
per hour to 1100°F(595°C) and air cool to ambient.
e. Heat to 1875 to 1925'F (1025 to l0SO0C),hold for one hour, and air cool to ambient, and then precipitation
harden at 1135 to 1165OF (610to 630"C), hold for four hours, and air cool to ambient.

AWS A5.9 9 3 M 0784265 0503286 328
23
thick base metal is involved, sheet metal shields should ities, or when a number of alternating current machines
be used for extra protection. Mechanization of highly are being used, the open circuit voltages can be additive.
hazardous processes or jobsshould be considered. Other The added voltages increase the severity of the shock
personnel in the work area should be protected by the use hazard.
of noncombustible screens or by the use of appropriate In case of electric shock, the power should be turned
protection as described in the previous paragraph. Before OFF. If the rescuer must resort to pulling the victim
leaving a work area, hot workpieces should be marked to from the live contact, nonconducting materials should be
alert other persons of this hazard. No attempt should be used. If the victim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary
made to repair or disconnect electrical equipment when resuscitation (CPR) should be administered as soon as
it is under load. Disconnection under load produces contact with the electrical source is broken. A physician
arcing of the contacts and may cause burnsor shock, or should be called and CPR continued until breathing has
both. (Note:Burns can be caused by touching hot equip- been restored, or until a physician has arrived. Electrical
ment suchCIS electrode holders, tips, and nozzles. There- burns are treated as thermal burns; that is, clean, cold
fore, insulated gloves should be worn when these items (iced) compresses should be applied. Contamination
are handled, unless an adequate coolingperiod has been should be avoided; the area should be covered with a
allowed before touching,)The following sources are for clean, dry dressing; and the patient should be transported
more detailed information on personal protection: to medical assistance.
(1) ANSVASC 249.1,Safety in Weldingand Cutting, Recognized safety standards such as ANSVASC 249.1,
published by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. Safety in Welding and Cutting, and the NFPA No. 70,
LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 351040,Miami, FL 33135. National Electrical Code, available from National Fire
(2) Code ofFederalRegulations,Title 29 Labor, Chap- Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA
ter XVII, Part 1910, OSHA General Industry Standards 02269,should be followed.
available from the U.S. Government Prinfing Office,
---
Washington, DC 20402.
|| | | |||
A113 Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and
(3) ANSVASC 241.1, Safety-Toe Footwear, Ameri- allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be
|
can National Standards Institute, 11 West 42 Street, 13th harmful to health. Fumes are solidparticles which origi-
|
|||| ||||
Floor, New York, NY 10036. nate from welding filler metals and fluxes, the base
Al13 Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill, How- metal, and any coatings present on the base metal. Gases
|
| ||||||
ever, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should not are produced during the welding process or may be
be touched. The manufacturer’s instructions and recom- produced by the effects of process radiation on the sur-
||||| |
mended safe practices should be read and understood. rounding environment. Management, welders, and other
||
Faulty installation, improper grounding, and incorrect personnel alike should be aware of the effects of these
|
operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are fumes and gases. The amount and composition of these
--
all sources of danger. fumes and gases depend upon the composition of the
All electrical equipment and the workpieces should be filler metal and base metal, welding process, current
grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead. It is level, arc length, and otherfactors.
used only to complete the welding circuit. A separate The possible effects of overexposure range from
connection is required to ground the workpiece. irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more
The correct cable sizeshould be used, since sustained severe complications. Effects may occurimmediately or
overloading will cause cable failureand result in possi- at some later time. Fumes can cause symptoms such as
ble electrical shock or firehazard. All electrical connec- nausea, headaches, dizziness, and metal fumefever. The
tions should be tight, clean, and dry. Poor connections possibility of more serious health effects exists when
can overheat and even melt. Further, they can produce especially toxic materials are involved. In confined spac-
dangerous arcs and sparks. Water, grease, or dirt should es, the shielding gases and fumes might displacebreath-
not be allowed to accumulate on plugs, sockets, or elec- ing air and cause asphyxiation. One’s head should always
trical units. Moisture can conduct electricity. To prevent be kept out of the fumes. Sufficient ventilation, exhaust
shock, the work area, equipment, and clothing should be at the arc, or both, should be used to keep fumes and
kept dry at all times. Welders should wear dry gloves and gases from your breathing zone and the general area.
rubber soled shoes, or stand on a dry board or insulated Insome cases, natural air movement will provide
platform. Cables and connections should be kept in good enough ventilation. Where ventilation may be question-
condition. Improper or worn electrical connections may able, air sampling should be used to determine if correc-
create conditions that could cause electrical shock or tive measures should be applied.
short circuits. Worn, damaged, or bare cables should not More detailed information on fumes and gases pro-
be used. Open circuit voltage should be avoided. When duced by the various welding processes may be found in
several welders are working with arcs of different polar- the following:

- - - .~
ÄW-S A5.9 93 W O7842650501287 Ob4
24
(1) The permissible exposure limits required byOSHA (2) Exposed skin should be protected with adequate
can be found in Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, gloves and clothing as specified in ANSVASC 249.1,
Chapter XVII Part 1910. The OSHA General Industry Safety in Welding and Cutting, published by American
Standards are available from the Superintendent of Docu- Welding Society.
ments, U S . Government Printing Office, Washington, (3) Reflections from welding arcs should be avoided,
DC 20402. and all personnel should be protected from intense re-
(2) The recommended threshold limit values for these flections. (Note: Paints using pigments of substantially
fumes and gases may be found in Threshold LimitValues zinc oxide or titanium dioxide have a lower reflectance
for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the for ultraviolet radiation.)
Workroom Environment, published by the American Con- (4) Screens, curtains, or adequate distance from aisles,
ference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), walkways, etc., should be used to avoid exposing pass-
6550 Glenway Avenue, Building D-5, Cincinnati, OH ersby to welding operations.
45211. (5) Safety glasses with UV protective side shields
(3) The results of an AWS-funded study are available provide some beneficial protection from ultraviolet radi-
in a report entitled, Fumes andGases in theWeldingEn- ation produced by welding arcs.
vironment,available from the American Welding Society. A11.43 Ionizing radiation information sources in-
A11.4 Radiation. Welding, cutting, and allied opera- clude the following:
tions may produce radiant energy (radiation) harmful to (1) American WeldingSociety. ANSYAWS F2.1,
health. One should become acquainted with the effects Recommended SafePractices for Electron Beam Weld-
of this radiant energy, ing and Cutting, available from the American Welding
Radiant energy may be ionizing (such as x-rays), or Society.
non-ionizing (such as ultraviolet, visible light, or infra- (2) Manufacturer’s product information literature,
red). Radiation can produce a variety of effects such as A11.4.4 The following include non-ionizing radiation
skin burns and eye damage, depending on the radiant information sources:
energy’s wavelength and intensity, if excessive exposure (1) Hinrichs, J. E “Project committee on radiation-
occurs. summary report”. WeldingJournal, January, 1978.
A11.4.1 Ionizing Radiation. Ionizingradiation is pro- (2) National Technical Information Service.Non-ion-
king radiation protection special study no. 42-0053-77,
duced by the electron beam welding process. It is ordi-
evaluation of thepotential hazarbfrom actinic ultravio-
narily controlled within acceptance limits by use of
suitable shielding enclosing the welding area. let radiation generated by electric welding and cutting
arcs. Springfield, V A National Technical Information
A11.4.2 Non-Ionizing Radiation. The intensity and Service. ADA-033768.
wavelengths of non-ionizing radiant energy produced (3) .
Non-ionizing radiationprotection spe-
depend on many factors, such as the process, welding cial study no. 42-0312-77, evaluation of the potential
parameters, electrode and base metal composition, flux- retina hazards from optical radiation generated by elec-
es, and any coating or plating on the base metal. Some trical welding and cutting arcs. Springfield, V A Nation-
processes such as resistance welding and cold pressure al Technical Information Service. ADA-043023.
welding ordinarily produce negligible quantities of radi- (4) Moss, C. E. and Murray, W. E. “Optical radiation
--
ant energy. However, most arc welding and cutting proc- levels produced in gas welding, torch brazing, and oxy-
|
esses (except submerged arc when used properly), laser gen cutting.” WeldingJournal, September 1979.
||
||||| |
welding and torch welding, cutting, brazing, or soldering ( 5 ) “Optical radiation levels produced by air-carbon
can produce quantities of non-ionizing radiation such arc cutting processes.” WeldingJournal, March 1980.
| ||||||
that precautionary measures are necessary. (6) American National Standards Institute. ANSYASC
|
Protection from possible harmful effects caused by 2136.1, Safe use of lasers. New York American National
|||| ||||
non-ionizing radiant energy from welding include the Standards Institute.

|
following measures: (7) American Welding Society. ANSI/ASC 249.1,

|
|| | | |||
(1) One should not look at welding arcs except through Safety in welding and cutting. Miami, F L American
welding filter plates which meet the requirements of Welding Society.
---
ANSIIASC 287.1, Practice for Occupational and Edu- (8) American National Standards Institute. ANSVASC
cational Eye and Face Protection, published by Ameri- 287.1, Practice for occupational and educational eye
can National Standards Institute, 11West 42 Street, 13th and faceprotection.New York: National Standards
Floor, New York, NY 10036.Transparentwelding Institute.
curtains are not intended as welding filter plates, but (9) Moss, C. E. “Optical radiation transmission levels
rather are intended to protect a passerby from incidental through transparent welding curtains.” WeldingJournal,
exposure. March 1979.

AWS A509 93 m O784265 0503288 T T 0 m
AWS Filler Metal Speclflcatlons and Related Documents

AWS
Deslgnatlon Tltle
FMC Filler
Metal
ComparisonCharts
A4.2 StandardProceduresforCalibratingMagneticInstruments to MeasuretheDeltaFerrite
Content of Austenitic and Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Metal
A4.3 StandardMethodsforDetermination of theDiffusibleHydrogenContentofMartensitic,
Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding
A5.01 Filler
Metal
ProcurementGuidelines
A5.1 SpecificationforCarbonSteelElectrodesforShieldedMetalArcWelding
A5.2 SpecificationforCarbonandLowAlloySteelRodsforOxyfùelGasWelding
A5.3 SpecificationforAluminum and AluminumAlloyElectrodesforShieldedMetalArcWelding
A5.4 SpecificationforStainlessSteelWeldingElectrodesforShieldedMetalArcWelding
A5.5 SpecificationforLowAlloySteelCoveredArcWeldingElectrodes
A5.6 SpecificationforCoveredCopperandCopperAlloyArcWeldingElectrodes
A5.7 SpecificationforCopperandCopperAlloyBareWeldingRodsandElectrodes
A5.8 SpecificationforFillerMetalsforBrazingandBrazeWelding
A5.9 SpecificationforBareStainlessSteelWeldingElectrodesandRods
A5.1 O SpecificationforBareAluminumandAluminumAlloyWeldingElectrodesandRods
A5.11 SpecificationforNickelandNickelAlloyWeldingElectrodesforShieldedMetalArcWelding
A5.12SpecificationforTungstenandTungstenAlloyElectrodesforArcWeldingandCutting
A5.13 SpecificationforSolidSurfacingWeldingRodsandElectrodes
A5.14SpecificationforNickelandNickelAlloyBareWeldingElectrodesandRods
A5.15 SpecificationforWeldingElectrodesandRodsforCastIron
A5.16 SpecificationforTitaniumandTitaniumAlloyWeldingElectrodesandRods
A5.17SpecificationforCarbonSteelElectrodesandFluxesforSubmergedArcWelding
A5.18 SpecificationforCarbonSteelFillerMetalsforGasShieldedArcWelding
A5.19 SpecificationforMagnesiumAlloyWeldingElectrodesandRods
A5.20SpecificationforCarbonSteelElectrodesforFluxCoredArcWelding
A5.21 SpecificationforCompositeSurfacingWeldingRodsandElectrodes
A5.22 SpecificationforFluxCoredCorrosion-ResistingChromiumandChromium-NickelSteel
Electrodes
A5.23 SpecificationforLowAlloySteelElectrodesandFluxesforSubmergedArcWelding
A5.24SpecificationforZirconiumandZirconiumAlloyWeldingElectrodesandRods
A5.25 SpecificationforCarbonandLowAlloySteelElectrodesandFluxesforElectroslagWelding
A5.26SpecificationforCarbonandLowAlloySteelElectrodesforElectrogasWelding
A5.27 SpecificationforCopperandCopperAlloyRodsforOxyfuelGasWelding
A5.28 SpecificationforLowAlloySteelFillerMetalsforGasShieldedArcWelding
A5.29SpecificationforLowAlloySteelElectrodesforFluxCoredArcWelding
A5.30 Specification
for
Consumable Inserts
A5.31 SpecificationforFluxesforBrazingandBrazeWelding
For ordering information, contact the Order Department, American Welding Society,
N.W. LeJeune
550 Road,
RO. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 331 35. Phone: 1-800-334-9353.
-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---


Specification For Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and

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Specification For Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and

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ANSI/’AWS A5.

American Welding Society

Superseding ANSVAWS A5.9-81

American Welding Society

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

International Standard Book Number:O-87171-406-X

O 1993 by American WeldingSociety. All rights reserved

-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

AWS Committee on Filler Metal

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AWS Subcommittee on Stainless SteelFiller Metal

iv -- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

Part A -General Requirements

5 Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure 1

Part B -Tests, Procedures, and Requirements

6. Summary of Tests .................................................................................................................................... 4

Part C “Manufacture. Identìjïcation. and Packaging

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

PartA 5. Units of Measure and

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AUS A5.9 93 m 0784265 0501265 Y T 3

-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

5/64 2.0 (0.078)

1/8 3.2 (0.125)

0.045 1.1 20.03

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12.4 Spools shall be designed and constructed to pre-

100 4 NA NA 1-112,2-1/2 0.7,1.1

Coil with Support' 12 300 NA NA 11,23,27

12 300 1.18 30 60 27.5

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Al I I" f 1/32 in.

b. Dimension B, outside diameter of barrel, shall

c. DimenslonC, inside diameterof banel, shallbe such that swelling

Figure 1"Standard 4 in. (100 mm) DiameterSpool Dimensions

I 2-1/32 i1/16 - 0 in.

Figure 2-Standard 8 and 12 in. (200 and 300 mm) Diameter

Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

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Guide to Specification for Bare

Al. Introduction ificationfor Covered Stainless Steel Electrodes for

-- | || ||||| | | |||||| | |||| |||| | | || | | ||| ---

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A3.Acceptance A5.2 Composite Metal Coredor Stranded Electrodes

be given to carbon when analyzing Type 308L, 308LSi,

a pad built on high-carbon base metalbegin a consider-

venient method with all samples or chipsrepresentative

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Document provided by IHS Licensee=abb offshore/5925731102, User=, 11/27/2002

welding - about halfof the carboncontent above 0.02 per-

of the bare filler metal wires in general tend to cluster

may be 27FN or more, butthe chemical compositions of

those of the gas tungsten arc welding process. However,