THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE

Basic Electro Mechanics

Wiring & Circuit Solution
Muhammad Ahsan Raza Khan
22-Nov-21
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Electrical Wiring:

The wiring is important to every industries and domestic. And how the electrical power comes

from transmission line to meter board to our domestic switch board, switches etc. Here we

explain the contents of the domestic wiring and industrial electrification.

Difference between Domestic and Industrial wiring:

The differences between industrial wiring and residential wiring are the insulation, voltage load,

and installation process. Residential wiring is typically run through walls and attic crawl spaces

in a single phase design, and it uses less voltage due to lower electrical load. Industrial wiring

uses a three-phase design to create higher output to power high voltage equipment and

multiple systems. Heavy-duty insulation protects industrial wiring from corrosive liquids or

gasses. Sensitive and power-hungry machinery often require special, heavy-duty outlets.

Basics of Residential Wiring:

A typical domestic wiring should be capable of fulfilling all performance. And safety regulations

and therefore must be planned and approved before its implementation.

Red wires and black wires are usually “hot”. This means that there is a current (amps) flowing

from the circuit breaker to the electrical box or the appliance in question.

The white wires usually are “returns”. This means that they allow current (amps) to flow back

to the circuit breaker after the electricity has passed through the load or appliance in question.
White wires should not be connected together with ground wires, with the exception being

back at the circuit panel bus bar. If you fail to observe this rule, then every single time the load

is energized (such as turning on an appliance), electricity will flow through the ground wire and

the return wire simultaneously. This is very dangerous.

A ground wire is usually bare and attaches to an appliance’s frame. Under normal

circumstances, current should not be passing through it. Only when there is a short circuit

should electricity pass through the ground wire; this happens so that the circuit breaker will kill

the flow of current to the site or appliance.

Basics of Industrial Wiring:

Smart industrial wiring is based on 3-phase electrical power. 3-phase electric allows less

workload to be placed on each wire involved while at once allowing them to work together to

give you maximum results. With 3-phase electric, the wires are smaller and the motor is smaller

than a typical single-phase motor. These factors allow greater efficiency and longer lasting

motors and wires.

There are four types of 3-phase electrical power:

 Common 3 Wire

 Common 4 Wire

 3 Wire with Grounded Hot Leg

 Special 4 Wire
No matter which type of 3-phase electrical power you choose to use, you’ll need a voltage

meter in order to determine the actual voltages that are available to you. The type does not

determine this.

Industrial wiring typically runs through metal conduits, armored cable, or a raceway. These

enclosures are the safety ground–never the neutral wire.