MAIN TOPIC

3. Expression of the imagination

SUB TOPIC
4. Universal communication.
---------------------- 5. Ritualistic and symbolic.
MOTIVATED purposes of art
- Refer to intentional, conscious actions on
LECTURE 2 the part of the artists or creator.
ARTS, ITS DEFINITION AND PURPOSE 1. Communication
I. Definitions of Art 2. Entertainment
3. Avant-garde
Richard Wollheim 4. Psychological Healing purposes
- “A vehicle for the expression or 5. Social inquiry, subversion or anarchy
communication of emotions and ideas, a 6. Commercial Purposes
means for exploring and appreciating formal Questions to ask
elements for their own sake, and a 1. How old is t? When was it made or
representation.” developed
Leo Tolstoy Artistic style
- “A use of indirect means to communicate a. Period styles
from one person to another” b. Regional style
Benedetto Croce c. Personal style
- “Art expresses emotions, and that the work 2. What is it’s subject?
of art therefore essentially exists in the mind 3. Who made or started it?
of the creator” 4. Who commissioned or paid for it?
- An artistic production always reveals much
1. A term not found in every society but made story about the kind of person who
everywhere. commissioned it.
2. An aesthetic object. That which concerns the LECTURE 3
“beautiful”. FORMS OF ART
3. A vital component of culture
4. Part of the collective human history.
Approaches to evaluate Art
Realist
- Aesthetic quality is an absolute value
independent of any human view
Objectivist
- Also an absolute value, but dependent on
general human experience
Relativist
- Not an absolute value but depends on and
varies with human experiences of varying
societies.
Purpose of Art
Non-motivated purposes of Art
- Those which are integral to being human,
transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a
specific external purpose.
1. Basic human instinct for harmony, balance,
and rhythm.
2. Experience of the mysterious

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LECTURE 3
FORMS OF ART
Visual Arts
- are art forms that focus on the creation of
works which are primarily visual in nature.
- The visual arts include the traditional
PLASTIC ARTS, like painting, as well as other
art forms that are dependent on the sense
of sight for it to be appreciated, such as
PERFORMING ARTS.
- Before the Arts and Crafts movement in
Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th
century, "visual artist" referred to a person
working in the fine arts (such as painting,
sculpture, or printmaking) and not the
handicraft, craft, or applied art disciplines.
- The distinction was emphasized by artists of
the Arts and Crafts movement who valued
vernacular art forms as much as high forms.
The movement contrasted with modernists
who sought to withhold the high arts from
the masses by keeping them esoteric.
- Art schools made a distinction between the
fine arts and the crafts in such a way that a
craftsperson could not be considered a
practitioner of art.
Plastic Arts
- Art form that uses materials such as clay,
metal or paint which can be molded or
transformed to create physical art objects.
1. Architecture
- Is the art and science of designing buildings
and structures.
- A wider definition would include within its
scope the design of the total built
environment, from the macrolevel of town
planning, urban design, and landscape
architecture to the microlevel of creating
furniture.
- Planned architecture often manipulates
space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or
abstract elements in order to achieve
pleasing aesthetics.
2. Cinematography
- The art and technology of motion-picture
photography. It involves such techniques as
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the general composition of a scene; the
lighting of the set or location; the choice of
cameras, lenses, filters, and film stock; the
camera angle and movements; and the
integration of any special effects
3. Film
- Filmmaking is the process of making a
motion-picture, from an initial conception
and research, through scriptwriting,
shooting and recording, animation or other
special effects, editing, sound and music
work and finally distribution to an audience.
4. Drawing
- A means of making an image, using any of a
wide variety of tools and techniques. It
generally involves making marks on a
surface by applying pressure from a tool, or
moving a tool across a surface using dry
media such as graphite pencils, pen and ink,
inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons,
charcoals, pastels, and markers.
5. Painting
- Painting taken literally is the practice of
applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or
medium) and a binding agent (a glue) to a
surface (support) such as paper, canvas or a
wall.
6. Photography
- The process of making pictures by means of
the action of light. Light patterns reflected or
emitted from objects are recorded onto a
sensitive medium or storage chip through a
timed exposure
7. Sculpture
- Is three-dimensional artwork created by
shaping or combining hard and/or plastic
material, sound, and/or text and or light,
commonly stone (either rock or marble),
metal, glass, or wood.
Performing Arts
- Are those forms of art which differ from the
plastic arts insofar as the former uses the
 artist's own body, face and presence as a
medium
- Artists who participate in performing arts in
front of an audience are called performers,
including actors, comedians, dancers,
musicians, and singers. Performing arts are
also supported by workers in related fields,
such as songwriting and stagecraft
1. Music
- Is an art form who’s medium is sound
organized in time. Common elements of
music are pitch (which governs melody and
harmony), rhythm (and its associated
concepts tempo, meter, and articulation),
dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre
and texture
2. Dance
- Is a sport and art form that generally refers
to movement of the body, usually rhythmic
and to music, used as a form of expression,
social interaction or presented in a spiritual
or performance setting.
- It may also be regarded as a form of
nonverbal communication between humans
and is also performed by other animals (bee
dance, patterns of behavior such as a mating
dance).
3. Drama
- Is the branch of the performing arts
concerned with acting out stories in front of
an audience using combinations of speech,
gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle
— indeed any one or more elements of the
other performing arts.
- Includes musicals, opera, ballet, Illusion,
mime, classical Indian dance, kabuki,
mummers' plays, Improvisational theatre,
stand-up comedy, pantomime and Non-
conventional or Arthouse theatre.
Other Arts
1. Culinary Arts
- Is the art of cooking. The word "culinary" is
defined as something related to, or
connected with, cooking or kitchens.
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Concerned with skillfully preparing meals
that are as pleasing to the palate as to the
eye.
2. Origami
- Is the traditional Japanese art of paper
folding. The goal of this art is to create a
representation of an object using geometric
folds and crease patterns preferably without
the use of gluing or cutting the paper, and
using only one piece of paper
3. Ikebana
- Is the Japanese art of flower arrangement,
also known as kadō. More than simply
putting flowers in a container, ikebana is a
disciplined art form in which nature and
humanity are brought together.
- Contrary to the idea of floral arrangement as
a collection of particolored or multicolored
arrangement of blooms, ikebana often
emphasizes other areas of the plant, such as
its stems and leaves, and draws emphasis
towards shape, line, form.
- Though ikebana is a creative expression, it
has certain rules governing its form. The
main rule is that all the elements used in
construction MUST be organic, be they
branches, leaves, grasses, or flowers. The
artist's intention behind each arrangement is
shown through a piece's color combinations,
natural shapes, graceful lines, and the
usually implied meaning of the arrangement.
Literary Art
- The art of written works. Literally translated,
the word means "acquaintance with letters".
Prose
- Consists of writing that does not adhere to
any particular formal structures (other than
simple grammar); "non-poetic" writing,
perhaps.
- Prose writing can of course take beautiful
form; but less by virtue of the formal
features of words (rhymes, alliteration,
metre) but rather by style, placement, or
inclusion of graphics.
a. Essay
 b. Autobiography, Memoir
c. Biography
d. Diaries and Journals
e. Fiction
Poetry
- Is a composition written in verse (although
verse has been equally used for epic and
dramatic fiction) Poems rely heavily on
imagery, precise word choice, and
metaphor.

a. Haiku
- Is a form of Japanese poetry, consisting of
17 moras (or on), in three metrical phrases
of 5, 7, and 5 moras respectively. Haiku
typically contain a kigo, or seasonal
reference, and a kireji or verbal caesura. In
Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a
single vertical line, while haiku in English
usually appear in three lines, to parallel the
three metrical phrases of Japanese haiku

b. Limerick
- Is a five-line poem with a strict form
(AABBA), originally popularized in English by
Edward Lear, which intends to be witty or
humorous, and is sometimes obscene with
humorous intent.
- The standard form of a limerick is a stanza of
five lines, with the first, second and fifth
having eight or nine syllables and rhyming
with one another, and the third and fourth
having five or six and rhyming separately.
- The first line traditionally introduces a
person and a place, with the place appearing
at the end of the first line and establishing
the rhyme scheme for the second and fifth
lines. In early limericks, the last line was
often essentially a repeat of the first line,
although this is no longer customary.

c. Free verse

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