66 Jamaati - Islamir Itihas

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi BwZnvm
cÖ_g LÐ
AveŸvm Avjx Lvb
cÖKvkbv wefvM
evsjv‡`k Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi BwZnvm

AveŸvm Avjx Lvb
cÖKvkK t Avey Zv‡ni gynv¤§` gvÕQzg

†Pqvig¨vb, cÖKvkbv wefvM
evsjv‡`k Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx
504/1 Gwjd¨v›U †ivW, eo gMevRvi, XvKv-1217|
†dvb t 8358987, 9331581 d¨v· t 9339327
cÖ_g cÖKvk t RyjvB - 1986 Bs

wRjK¡` - 1406 wnt
Z…Zxq cÖKvk t gvP© - 2011

dvêyb - 1417
iweDj AvDqvj - 1432
wba©vwiZ g~j¨ : 120.00 (GKkZ wek) UvKv|
gy`‡ª Y
Avj-dvjvn wcÖw›Us †cÖm
423, eo gMevRvi, XvKv|
†dvb t 9345741, 9358432
Z…Zxq ms¯‥iY
MÖš Kv‡ii K_v
`k eQi c~‡e© 1986 mv‡j G MÖš Lvwb cÖKvwkZ nq| huvivB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi mv‡_ mwVKfv‡e cwiwPZ
n‡Z Pvb Ges huviv G Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ n‡Z Pvb, Zuv‡ì Aek¨ Aek¨B Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi
BwZnvm gb w`‡q cov DwPZ| Rvgvqv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨, jÿ¨ I Kg©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv jvf Ges
Av`wk©K I gvbwmK cÖwkÿY jv‡fi R‡b¨ G BwZnvm cvV Acwinvh©| BwZnvm I Kvj cwiµgvq †`Lv hvq,
†Kvb GKwU Av‡›`vjb A_ev RvwZ hy‡Mi ci hyM AwZevwnZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi g‡a¨ wKQz weK…wZ ev
Av`k©Pz¨wZ ïiæ nq| Ggb mg‡q Zvi cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j A_ev cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv bv Ki‡j Ae‡k‡l
Zvi cZb N‡U| wVK †Zgwb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡a¨ GKwU Øxwb Av‡›`vj‡bi m¤¢ve¨ weK…wZ A_ev cZb
†iva Ki‡Z n‡j Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi BwZnvm •`bw›`b cvV¨ ZvwjKvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
G BwZnvm hwÌ Zvi cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi mvZ eQ‡ii BwZnvm, wKš‧ Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q RvgvqvZ MV‡bi cUf‚wg,
Dcgnv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯ wZ h_v GKRvZxqZvi wfwË‡Z wn›`y msL¨vMwiô `‡ji ivgivR¨
cÖwZôvi msKí, msL¨vjNy gymjgvb‡ì‡K msL¨vMwi‡ôi mv‡_ GKvKvi K‡i †`qvi Mfxi lohš¿ cÖf…wZ|
G BwZnv‡m Rvgvqv‡Zi Av`k©, jÿ¨, Kg©c×wZ, Cgvb, Bmjvg, ZvKIqv I Bnmv‡bi mnR mij e¨vL¨v, hv
wb‡q Bmjv‡gi cÖvmv` wbwg©Z n‡Z cv‡i, Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZvKgx©‡ì Acwinvh© ¸Yvejx cÖf…wZ welq¸‡jv
wek`fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
RvgvqvZ MVbKv‡j Ges cieZx©Kv‡j wewfbœ m‡¤§j‡b RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv †hme Ag~j¨ fvlY w`‡q‡Qb,
cvVK Aek¨B Zvi †_‡K GKvg‡Z Øx‡bi †cÖiYv, Avjøvni mš‧wói R‡b¨ Rxeb wewj‡q †`qvi gbgvbwmKZv
I iƒ‡ni †LvivK Ges G me n‡Z Zuvi G KwVb c‡_ Pjvi g~jëvb cv‡_q jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Avgvi aviYv eiÂ wek¦vm GB †h, G mvZ eQ‡ii BwZnvm g‡bv‡hvMmn cvV K‡i Zv ü`‡q †Mu‡_ ivL‡Z
cvi‡j GKvg‡Z Øx‡bi Av‡›`vjb mwVKfv‡e eyS‡Z cviv hv‡e, gbgw¯Í®‥ †m Av‡›`vjbgyLx n‡e, gywgbmyjf
Kvw•¶Z Bmjvgx PwiÎ m„wó n‡e Ges G c‡_i wec`-gywme‡Zi cÖPÐ So-SÅvq AwePj _vKvi g‡bvej
m„wó n‡e| Gfv‡e G gnvb Av‡›`vjb‡K weK…wZi e¨vwa †_‡K `~‡i ivLv hv‡e| G c‡_i cw_K‡ì †h me
g~jëvb cv‡_q cÖ‡qvRb, Zvi †KvbwUB RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv ev` †`bwb| wewfbœ m‡¤§j‡b Zuvi cÖ`Ë fvl‡Y I
Zuvi mvwn‡Z¨ mewKQzB my¯úó K‡i e‡j w`‡q‡Qb|
G BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g ms¯‥iY K‡qK eQi c~‡e©B wbt‡kl n‡q‡Q| wØZxq ms¯‥iY cÖKv‡k Awbevh© Kvi‡Y wej¤^
n‡jv e‡j `ytwLZ|
Avgvi wek¦vm, G BwZnvm cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ Øxb cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vj‡b Rhev m„wó Ki‡e Ges Av‡›`vj‡bi R‡b¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq ¸Yvejx AR©b Ki‡Z mnvqK n‡e| Avjøvn cv‡Ki ìev‡i †m †`vqvB Kwi| †mB mv‡_ G †hb
Avgvi hveZxq †Mvbvn gv‡di wbwgË nq| Avgxb|
- MÖš Kvi
m~wPcÎ
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wK? 11
Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv 11
gvbe RvwZi `ytL-`y`k
© v I aŸs‡mi KviY 11
†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb 12
†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi ci Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb12
fvi‡Z Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb 13
wØZxq Aa¨vq
mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`xi mswÿß cwiPq 15
Avj-wRnv`y wdj Bmjvg MÖš  17
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
M‡elYv I Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ¯‧wZ ¯Íi 19
ZrKvjxb fvi‡Z gymjgvb‡ì Ae¯ v 20
ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb 21
`viæj Bmjvg Uªv÷ MVb I Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi j‡ÿ¨
`j MV‡bi cUf‚wgKv iPbv 24
`viæj Bmjv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ wQj wbgœiƒc 24
PZz_© Aa¨vq
`viæj Bmjvg cwiKíbv I gvIjvbv gI`~`x 26
gvIjvbvi e³e¨ 26
`viæj Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wKQz K_v 43
`viæj Bmjv‡gi AvbyôvwbK cÖwZôv 45
`viæj Bmjv‡gi MVbZš¿ 47
Kv‡Ri wPÎ 47
Bmjvgx mxivZ 48
Avw_©K Dcvq-DcKiY 49
D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji c_ 49
cÖwZ‡iva 49
MVbg~jK KvR 50
ZvwË¡K wefvM 51
eënvwiK wefvM 53
Kv‡Ri cÖmvi 53
cÂg Aa¨vq
gvIjvbv gI`~`xi ivR‣bwZK cÖÁv 54
ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b gvIjvbv e‡jb 55
gvIjvbv wR‡Ám K‡ib 56
Bmjvgx RvZxqZv 56
gvIjvbv eo mZ¨ K_v e‡jb 61
ag©nxb msweavb m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv e‡jb 61
e„wUk c~Rvix e‡j hviv Mvwj †`q Zv‡ì Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb 61
Bmjvg I RvZxqZvev‡ì cv_©K¨ eySv‡Z wM‡q gvIjvbv e‡jb 62
gymwjg RvZxqZv
gymjgvb I eZ©gvb ivR‣bwZK msNvZ (cÖ_g LÐ) 64
Afve wK‡mi? 66
gymjgvb I eZ©gvb ivR‣bwZK msNvZ (wØZxq LÐ) 67
lô Aa¨vq
kvmbZvwš¿K cÖ¯Íve 69
GKRvZxqZvev‡ì aŸRvavix‡ì mgv‡jvPbv 70
cvðvZ¨ RvZxqZv, Bmjvgx RvZxqZv I GKRvZxqZv 71
cÖ_g cÖ¯Íve 72
wØZxq cÖ¯Íve 73
Z…Zxq cÖ¯Íve 74
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôv 77
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi KvR 83
Rvgvqv‡Zi MVbZš¿ Aby‡gv`b 84
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ 88
Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi mvsMVwbK I `vIqvZx mdi 89
RvgvqvZ `dZi ¯ vbvšÍi 90
gvIjvbvi we‡kl †n`v‡qZ 90
gvIjvbvi AmvaviY Kg©e¨¯Í Rxeb (1939-42) 91
mßg Aa¨vq
RvgvqvZ msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb 92
Av‡›`vj‡bi we‡ivwaZv 92
gRwj‡m k~ivi Riæix •eVK 93
A¯ vqxfv‡e `viæj Bmjv‡g †K›`ª ¯ vbvšÍwiZ 94
bZzb †K‡›`ª bZzb cwiKíbv 95
gZcv_©K¨ I Zvi mgvavb 95
mvsMVwbK Kv‡Ri ch©v‡jvPbv 96
gnvhy× Av‡›`vj‡bi weivU cÖwZeÜK 97
msMVb I cÖwkÿ‡Yi ¯Íi

wZbwU AvÂwjK m‡¤§jb 98
ga¨fvi‡Zi m‡¤§jb 98
Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi wi‡cvU© I Zvi ch©v‡jvPbv 100
GKwU A_©‣bwZK ¯‥xg 101
msMVb, ZiweqZ I Zvh&wKqv 102
mgvR ¯^qs cÖwkÿY †K›`ª 103
ZiweqZx eë¯ v LvbKvnx bq- Av‡›`vjbg~jK 104
hv‡ni I ev‡Z‡bi ms‡kva‡bi KvR 104
DËi fviZxq m‡¤§jb 105
m‡¤§j‡bi D‡Ïk¨ 106
iæKwbqv‡Zi kc_ I ¯ weiZv 106
Kgx©‡ì ¸Yvejx 107
gyevwjø‡Mi m‡e©vrK…ó KvR 107
KvB‡q‡g RvgvqvZ wb‡qvM 108
w`jøx m‡¤§jb 109
nvqìvev` m‡¤§jb 109
gvIjvbvi D‡Øvabx fvlY 110
Aóg Aa¨vq
cÖ_g wbwLj fviZ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb 112
Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi D‡Øvabx fvlY 112
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 1941 †_‡K 1945 mvj ch©šÍ 114
bexM‡Yi AvMg‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t bex gy¯Ívdvi (mt) †m D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi c×wZ 131
beg Aa¨vq
m¤úÖmviY I DbœwZi hyM 133
wØZxq wbwLj fviZ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx iæKb m‡¤§jb 134
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi
k~ivqx wbhv‡gi (civgk© wfwËK eë¯ vi) µ‡gvbœwZ 139
Rvgvqv‡Z mgv‡jvPbvi wbqwgZ eë¯ v 141
mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve we¯Ívi 142
Djvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi g‡a¨ `vIqv‡Zi cÖfve 144
AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve 148
uRvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I Zv¸Zx kvmb 150
Ab¨vb¨ gn‡j Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve 152
wewfbœ gn‡j cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii cwiKíbv 154
gwnjv‡ì g‡a¨ KvR 155
ewnwe©‡k¦ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve 158
`vIqvZx mvwnZ¨ cÖYqb 158
ZiRgvi eë¯ vcbv 159
`kg Aa¨vq
PviwU HwZnvwmK m‡¤§jb 160
gv`ªvR m‡¤§jb (25†k I 26†k GwcÖj) 162
fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì fwel¨Z Kg©m~wP 164
cvUbv m‡¤§jb (25†k I 26†k GwcÖj-1947) 167
cvVvb‡KvU m‡¤§jb (9B I 10B †g-1947) 171
Rbmfvq fvlY †`qvi R‡b¨ e³vi gvb wbY©q 175
cÖkœgvjv 176
GKv`k Aa¨vq
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb I Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 177
kvn Ijx Djøvn †`njex (it) 179
mvB‡q` Avng` knx` †eijfx (it) I kvn BmgvCj knx` (it) 180
Øv`k Aa¨vq
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨ †g․wjK cv_©K¨ 184
Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cybtcÖwZôv 184
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ 185
gymwjg RvZxqZvi Av‡›`vjb 186
Bmjvg Avgv‡ì jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ 186
gvIjvbv GKRb bIgymwjg 187
Av‡›`vj‡bi wØZxq hyM 189
Av‡›`vj‡bi cZbhyM 189
Bmjv‡gi eZ©gvb Ae¯ v 189
Bmjvg I Zvi `vex 190
GKwU Bmjvgx Rvgvqv‡Zi `vexmg~n192
hviv KvR Ki‡Z Pvq Zv‡ì R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mZK©Zv 193
cvwK¯Ívb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wKiƒc nIqv DwPZ 194
ALÐ fvi‡Zi cwRkb 195
KziAvb wK e‡j 195
&Avgv‡ì m¤úK© 196
Avgv‡ì c`gh©v`v 196
cÖK…Z Bmjvgx jÿ¨ 197
G j‡ÿ¨ †c․uQzevi †mvRvc_ 197
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡bi †ÿÎ cÖ¯‧Z 200
gymwjg I Agymwjg‡ì mvg‡b Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ 200
gvby‡li aŸs‡mi cÖK…Z KviY 201
gvby‡li Kj¨vY wKfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i? 201
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi Kg©cš v 202
iv‡óªi ¯^vfvweK µgweKvk 202
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi •ewkó¨ 202
Bmjvgx wecø‡ei c_ 203
bex cv‡Ki (mt) †m AvnŸv‡bi cÖwZwµqv 204
wnRi‡Zi ci Av‡›`vjb 206
Î‡qv`k Aa¨vq
†`k wefvM, mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½v-nv½vgv I Rb‡mev 209
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I Rb‡mev 210
`viæj Bmjvg, cvVvb‡KvU 213
`viæj Bmjvg ew¯Íi AwZ †e`bv`vqK `„k¨ 214
†K›`ªxq RvgvqvZ jv‡nv‡i ¯ vbvšÍwiZ 216
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx `yÕfv‡M wef³ 218
PZz`k
© Aa¨vq
Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZ¨ m„wó 219
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi •ewkó¨ 220
cÂ`k Aa¨vq
Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb 223
ev‡iv `dv Av‡jvP¨ welq 225
mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i aviYv I †Ljvd‡Zi gZev` 225
¯^vaxbZvi aviYv 226
†bZ…‡Z¡i aviYv 227
¸YMZ m`m¨c` 227
MYZ‡š¿i aviYv 228
msMV‡bi aviYv 228
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi I MYZvwš¿K `j¸‡jvi mfvcwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ 229
ag© I ivRbxwZi g‡a¨ cv_©‡Kï aviYv 229
RvZxqZvi aviYv 230
Bmjv‡gi aviYv 230
†g․wjK AwaKv‡ii aviYv 231
kvmbeë¯ v I miKvi cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i cv_©K¨ 232
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi weiæ‡× KwZcq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awf‡hvM 232
RvgvqvZ GK bZzb ivR‣bwZK cÖwZcÿ 233
mZ¨ wK ïay Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡a¨B mxwgZ? 233
Øxb Bmjvg‡K Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv 234
GKvg‡Z Øx‡bi aviYv GKUv cvMjvwg 235
Rvgvqv‡Zi evB‡i wK Bmjvg †bB? 235
ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv jv‡fi jvjmv 236
e¨w³ ms¯‥v‡ii cwie‡Z© mgwói ms¯‥v‡ii Dci AwaK ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡”Q 236
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi w_Iµ¨vwmi (Theocracy) cZvKvevnx 237
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GKwU bZzb †dK©v 237
D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wói KviY 238
cwiwkó-1
GKLvbv cÎ 239
cwiwkó-2
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖ_g mvKz©jvi 240
cwiwkó-3
GK bR‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m‡¤§jbmg~n 240
cwiwkó-4
ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi wKQz g~jëvb K_v 241
cwiwkó-5
RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZvi wKQz g~jëvb K_v t
`j MV‡bi Avek¨KZv 244
ZejxM I wecøe 244
BKvg‡Z Øxb GKwU AUj I Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ 245
ûKzg‡Z Bjvwnqv I Avjøvni mš‧wó 245
mZ¨ c‡_i `vex 246
cwiwkó-6
m‡›`n-mskq wbimb 246
gvIjvbvi Reve 247
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wK?

Avjøvn Zvqvjvi hgx‡b Avjøvn Zvqvjvi c~Y©v½ Øxb Bmjvg cwic~Y© iƒ‡c Kv‡qg Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Av‡›`vjb,
†PóvPwiÎ, mvabv I msMÖvg Kivi †h RvgvqvZ ev `j ZvB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx|
AZGe Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GKwU c~Y©v½ Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb| evwZj gZev`, wPšÍvaviv I Rxebweavb LZg
K‡i Ges Zvi AšÍtmvik~b¨Zv I AwbóKvwiZv cÖwZcbœ K‡i Zvi cwie‡Z© gvbe RvwZi R‡b¨ Avjøvni †`qv
GKgvÎ Rxeb weavb cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjbB Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb Ges G Av‡›`vj‡bi cZvKvevnx Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgx| Ab¨K_vq evwZj gZev`, wPšÍvaviv I Rxebweavb gvbe RvwZi Dci ejc~e©K Pvwc‡q w`‡q
`ywbqvq †drbv-d¨vmv`, AwePvi, Ryjyg, wb‡®úlY, binZ¨v, mš¿vm cÖf…wZi Øviv gvbe Rxeb‡K †h `ywe©ln
K‡i †Zvjv n‡q‡Q, Gm‡ei g~‡jvrcvUb K‡i GK bZzb my›ì I myLx gvbemgvR MV‡bi msMÖvg Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgx Ki‡Q| †hLv‡b RvwZ, ag©, eY©, wbwe©‡k‡l GKwU gvbyl Zvi Rxeb‡K A_©en, myLx I my›ì †`L‡Z
cv‡e|
Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv
gvbe RvwZi Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv| ZvB gvbe RvwZi BwZnvm hZ cÖvPxb Bmjvgx
Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvmI ZZUv cÖvPxb| Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb †Kvb Kv‡ji †Kvb GK mg‡q nVvr K‡i M‡R IVv
†Kvb Awfbe e¯‧ bq| eiÂ Avengvb Kvj †_‡K P‡j Avmv GK wbiew”Qbœ avivevwnKZvi my`„p m~‡Î G
euvav| AZx‡Zi avivevwnKZv †_‡K G‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †`L‡j Pj‡e bv| g~jZ G Av‡›`vj‡bi aviK I evnK
wQ‡jb Avjøvn Zvqvjvi wcÖq bexMY| Avw` gvbe nhiZ Av`g (Avt) †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i †kl bex nhiZ
gynv¤§` gy¯Ívdv (mt) ch©šÍ jÿ jÿ bex G Av‡›`vjb K‡i‡Qb Ges G D‡Ï‡k¨B Zuviv `ywbqvi ey‡K †cÖwiZ
n‡qwQ‡jb|
gvbe RvwZi `ytL-`y`k © v I aŸs‡mi KviY
gvbe RvwZi AZxZ I eZ©gvb BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j G mZ¨B D`NvwUZ nq †h, wek¦mªóv Avjøvn Zvqvjvi
weavb Agvb¨ K‡i gvbyl hLb †Lv`v‡`ªvwnZv I cvcvPvi-AbvPv‡i wjß n‡q‡Q, ZLbB Zv‡ì Rxe‡b †b‡g
G‡m‡Q `ytL-`y`©kv, wek„sLjv, AivRKZv Ges †kl ch©šÍ Zviv aŸs‡mi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| AZx‡Zi †divDb,
bgiƒ`, Av`, mvgy` cÖf…wZ RvwZmg~n Ges MÖxK, †ivgvb I cvim¨ mf¨Zv GB GKB Kvi‡Y aŸs‡mi AZj
Z‡j wbgw¾Z n‡q‡Q| hy‡M hy‡M wewfbœ †`k I RvwZi g‡a¨ jÿ jÿ bexi Avwef©ve n‡q‡Q Ges Zuviv
mK‡jB wek¦mªóvi evYx I weav‡bi wfwË‡Z †hme RvwZ‡K aŸs‡mi gyL †_‡K iÿv Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
me©‡kl bex gynv¤§` (mt) GKwU Amf¨, ee©i, i³wccvmy RvwZ‡K ïay aŸsm †_‡KB iÿv K‡ibwb, Zv‡ì
Rxeb‡K †Lv`vi evYxi Av‡jv‡K cwiï× K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì Rxe‡b †Lv`vi weavb cÖwZwôZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K
GKUv DbœZgv‡bi RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Ggb GK Av`k© mgvR I ivóªeë¯ v cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb
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mn‡hvwMZvI hw` nq Zv n‡j mydj jv‡fi Avkv Kiv hvq|Ó Gi c‡i †Zv Avi cÖkœB _v‡Kbv †h, GLv‡b
G‡m Avwg KvR Kie| Aek¨ G `vwqZ¡ Avwg wb‡qwQ †h, cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi R‡b¨ Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv Avwg
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1936 mv‡ji 4Vv †m‡Þ¤î Zuv‡K wbgœiƒc cÎ †jwL t
1| †h wRwb‡mi weivU Afve i‡q‡Q Zvn‡jv mwVK Bmjvgx cÖwkÿY, AvaywbK wkÿv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv †Zv
Bs‡iR‡ì ¯^v‡_© •Zix n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ Avgv‡ì cÖvPxb gv`ªvmv¸‡jv Ges RvZxq cÖwZôvb¸‡jvI G e¨vcv‡i
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Zv‡ì g‡a¨ evB‡ii h‡ZvUzKz is †j‡M‡Q Zv ci¯úi wg‡j Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e| cvi¯úwiK mvnvh¨-
mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ mwZ¨Kvi Bmjvgx PwiÎ MVb Kivi †Póv Ki‡e| mvnvev‡q †Kivg Ges
Bmjvgx gbxlxM‡Yi Rxeb PwiZ mvg‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| we‡kl K‡i †mme cš v-c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e,
†hm‡ei gva¨‡g bex (mt) mvnvev‡ì cÖwkÿY w`‡q‡Qb|
2| huviv G cÖwZôv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb, Zuv‡ì‡K AšÍZ c‡ÿ `yÕeQi kû‡i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z †`qv n‡e
bv| evB‡i `ywbqv †_‡K Zv‡ì wew”Qbœ K‡i †`qv n‡e hv‡Z K‡i G mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Bmjvgx is
†`L‡Z cvIqv hvq Ges Zv G‡ZvUv cvKv‡cv³ n‡e †h, A‡bï Dci †m i‡Oi Qvc jvMv‡Z bv cvi‡jI
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_vK‡e Ges cvc-cÖeYZv webó n‡q hv‡e|
6| cÖwZôv‡b AvcvZZ ïay G‡ZvRb †jvK wb‡Z n‡e hv‡ì e¨qfvi Avcbvi IqvK&d Kiv m¤úwË enb
Ki‡Z cv‡i| mg¯Í e¨qfvi IqvK&d MÖnY KiæK A_ev wKQzUv Zuviv (cÖwZôv‡b †hvM`vbKvix) wb‡Riv MÖnY
Kiæb, `y-wZb eQi cÖwkÿ‡Yi ci Ggb eë¯ v Ki‡Z n‡e †h, cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨MY wgwjZfv‡e eëmvi
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mÿg n‡eb bv, eiÂ Ab¨‡KI Zuv‡ì cÖwZôv‡b kixK Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Zv‡ì‡K cÖwkÿYI w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
7| hw` †KD †¯^”Qvq I mš‧ówP‡Ë cÖwZôvb‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Zv MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
wKš‧ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ PvIqv n‡e bv Avi bv Puv`v Av`vq Kivi R‡b¨ †Kvb wefvM †Lvjv n‡e|
8| cÖwZôv‡b huviv Avm‡eb, Zuviv Aek¨B †Kvb Bs‡iRx A_ev Aviex wkÿv cÖwZôvb †_‡K wkÿvcÖvß
n‡eb Ges Zuv‡ì wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv D”Pgv‡bi n‡Z n‡e| cixÿvg~jKfv‡e cÖ_‡g `yÕgv‡mi R‡b¨ Zuv‡ì‡K
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9| cÖwZôv‡b wbqg-gvwdK wkÿv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| huviv Aviex Rv‡bb Zuviv cÖ‡Z¨K Bs‡iRx wkwÿZ
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fvlv I AvaywbK Ávb-weÁvb wkÿv †`‡eb| Ggb GK mgq Avm‡e hLb kvqL KziAv‡bi `vim †`‡eb wKš‧
Ggbfv‡e †h kvqLmn cÖ‡Z¨‡K QvÎI n‡eb Ges wkÿKI n‡eb, A_©vr KziAv‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
fv‡jvfv‡e Av‡M †_‡K covïbv K‡i Avm‡eb Ges `vi‡mi mgq cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zuv‡ì wbR wbR wPšÍv -M‡elYv
Zz‡j ai‡eb| Gfv‡e G‡K Ac‡ii Øviv DcK…Z n‡eb| G cÖms‡M nv`xm †dKvn, kixq‡Zi g~jbxwZ,
Bmjvgx `k©b I BwZnvm, †gvUK_v
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em‡e| bZzb AvBb K‡i gymjgvb‡ì cvm©bvj jÕ‡K AwaKZi weK…Z Ki‡e| ZLb Av‡jg‡ì •n-•P K‡i
†Kvb jvf n‡e bv| KviY Zuviv QkÕ eQi c~‡e©i `ywbqvq evm K‡ib| G Ae¯ vq AvaywbK Av‡jg‡ì Øviv
wKQz KvR n‡Z cv‡i| Zuviv G hy‡Mi fvlvq Bmjvgx AvB‡bi mwVK e¨vL¨v †ck Ki‡eb Ges AvBb-
cÖ‡YZv‡ì e‡j †`‡eb †mvk¨vj wid‡g©i mwVK cš v wK Ges fzj cš v wK|
26†k gvP© 1937-G †h cÎ wjwL Zv wbgœiƒc t
G KvR G‡Kev‡i bZzb| AZxZ I eZ©gv‡b †Kv_vI G R‡b¨ cÖ_g †_‡K †Kvb
eywbqv` we`¨gvb †bB| G R‡b¨ AwaKvsk †jvK‡K mw›`» cv‡eb Ges ¯^qs AvcwbI mwVK cš v wbY©q Ki‡Z
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AcwieZ©bxq| G Ggb GK ¯ weiZv m„wó K‡iwQj hv mvZ kÕ eQi hver Avgv‡ì Ávb-weÁvb I Rxeb
weav‡bi Dci weivR K‡i‡Q| AvaywbK hy‡Mi gymjgvb‡ì GKwU `j G ¯ weiZv `~i Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| wKš‧
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Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bB Gi mydj †`Lv †`‡e, Zvn‡j G n‡e `yivkv| G †LRyi MvQ jvMvevi g‡Zv| †h Zvi MvQ
jvMvq †m Zvi dj †L‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgiv G MvQ jvMv‡ev Ges Avgv‡ì i³ w`‡q Zvi †mPKvh© Pvjv‡Z
_vKe| Avgv‡ì c‡i wØZxq eskai Avm‡e| ZvivI nqZ Gi d‡ji ¯^v` MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| AšÍZ
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AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e Zv Avgvi mvg‡b G‡b w`j| 1937 mv‡ji m~Pbv‡ZB G wec‡ì wPý I AvjvgZ my¯úó
bR‡i cowQj| Ae‡k‡l H mv‡jiB gvP© gv‡m Avwg w`jøx †Mjvg Ges wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`Ljvg ivR‣bwZK
Ae¯ vi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j gymjgvb‡ì Dci Zvi cÖfve KZLvwb c‡o‡Q| Avwg GUvI †`Ljvg †h,
gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb KvD‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q bv whwb Ae¯ vi cÖK…Z aviYv Dcjwä K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Avmbœ
aŸsm †_‡K iÿv Kivi †Kvb mwVK Bmjvgx cš v e‡j †`‡eb| ZLb eva¨ n‡q Avwg G wm×všÍ Kijvg †h,
hZUzKz kw³ Avjøvn Avgv‡K w`‡q‡Qb Zv G wecø‡ei gyKvwejvq e¨q Kie| KviY G wecøe hw` RvwZ‡K aŸsm
K‡i †`q, Zvn‡j †Zv †Kvb MVbg~jK Kv‡Ri †Kvb my‡hvMB cvIqv hv‡e bv| AZGe Avwg w`jøx †_‡K
nvqìvev` †c․QvgvÎ G bZzb Awfhv‡bi m~Pbv Kijvg| Zvi cÖv_wgK wb`k©bvw` Avgvi Gme cÖeÜvwì
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m¤ú‡K© Avwg 27†k GwcÖj wjwLZ GK c‡Î †P․ayix mv‡ne‡K Rvwb‡q w`B t
ÒGLb Avgvi mvg‡b GK weivU Awfhvb, hvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K GKvMÖwP‡Ë Kv‡R †j‡M †h‡Z n‡e| gniig
gv‡mi ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb †_‡K Avwg G Awfhv‡bi m~Pbv Kwi hvi g‡a¨ ÒBmjvgx fvi‡Zi fwel¨ZÓ kxl©K
cÖeÜvw` †jLv ïiæ nq| AvMvgx KÕgv‡mi g‡a¨ KZRb msMxmv_x cvIqv hv‡”Q Zv †`L‡Z n‡e| †gvUK_v,
Avwg G w¯ i wm×všÍ K‡i †d‡jwQ, hw` mviv fvi‡Z GKRbI mv_x bv cvIqv hvq Avwg GKvKxB Avgvi G
msMÖvg ïiæ Kie Ges †kl ch©šÍ msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ ivLe| GLb gymjgvb‡ì †h bvRyK Ae¯ v Ges †h fqven
fwel¨‡Zi m¤§yLxb Zviv n‡Z hv‡”Q Zv Dcjwä Kivi ci AvMvgx `k-wek eQ‡iB †`‡k Bmjv‡gi fv‡Mï
dqmvjv n‡q hv‡e| GLb Avgiv G mgq AvZ¥iÿvi cÖ¯‧wZ bv wb‡j K‡qK eQi ci Ggb †Kvb kvšÍ
cwi‡ek Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv, †hLv‡b e‡m Avgiv MVbg~jK KvR Ki‡Z cvie| AvRKvj Avgvi wPšÍvavivi
g‡a¨ GK D‡ËRbv weivR Ki‡Q, hv Avgv‡K cÖkvšÍ g‡b wPšÍv Kivi †hvM¨ iv‡Lwb| Avwg w`jøx †_‡K Avgvi
eyK f‡i GKUv Av¸b G‡bwQ Ges cÖwZ gyn‚‡Z©B wPšÍv KiwQ †h, GLb wK Kwi|Ó
G Awfhvb ïiæ Kivi ci Avwg Abyfe Ki‡Z jvMjvg, GLb Avgvi R‡b¨ nvqìvev` †Kvb Dchy³ ¯ vb
bq| cÖ_‡g †h weï× MVbg~jK KvR Ki‡Z PvBjvg Zvi R‡b¨ Ggb GK wbwiwewj ¯ v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb hv
`ywbqvi •nnjøv †_‡K `~‡i n‡e| nvqìvev` G ai‡bi wbwiwewj I wbivc` ¯ vb Avgv‡K w`‡Z cvi‡Zv| wKš‧
hLb Avgv‡ì wecøex kw³¸‡jvi gyKvwejvq euvPvi jovB (Struggle for Existance) Kivi R‡b¨ DV‡Z
n‡jv, ZLb Awbevh© n‡q co‡jv †h, wbwiwewj ¯ vb †Q‡o Avmj hy×‡ÿ‡Î P‡j hvB| AZGe Avwg 1937
mv‡ji `ymiv Ryb †P․ayix mv‡ne‡K G e¨vcv‡i wj‡L RvbvB t
ÒGLb Avwg g‡b KiwQ Avmj iY‡ÿÎ DËi fviZ| gymjgvb‡ì fv‡Mï dqmvjv †mLv‡bB n‡e| Avi †m
dqmvjvi cÖfve †MvUv fvi‡Z Qwo‡q co‡e| GLb Avgvi R‡b¨ G Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq †bB †h, GLvb
†_‡K wnRiZ Kwi Ges DËi fvi‡Zi †Kv_vI wM‡q Ae¯ vb Kwi| wKš‧ `viæj wnRiZ (†Kv_vq cve †m
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`vex Kiv n‡”Q †h †Kvb Kg©cš v Avwg †ck Kwi| A‣ah© n‡q KvR Kiv Avwg cQ›` Kwi bv| eû wPšÍvfvebvi
ci GK msMÖv‡gi bKkv evbvw”Q| BbkvAvjøvn `yÕwZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ G bKkv •Zix n‡q hv‡e| G bKkv
cÖKvk Kivi ci
Gi AvIqvR eyj›` Kie| ïay Ggb †jvK‡ìB `vIqvZ †`‡ev hviv mgq G‡j GK_v †hb bv e‡j
1.
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wel‡q wPšÍv Kiæb Ges iYKzkjx †Rbv‡i‡ji g‡Zv Dchy³ ¯ v‡b d«›U •Zix Kiæb|Ó
Zvi Rev‡e Avwg ewj, ÒAv‡M †hgb e‡jwQ Avwg ¯^qs DËi fvi‡Z ¯ vbvšÍwiZ nIqvi wm×všÍ K‡iwQjvg-
wKš‧ G wm×všÍ Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avwg KwVb gvbwmK msNv‡Z c‡o †Mjvg| GKw`‡K Avgvi wek eQ‡ii
wPšÍvfvebv I covïbv Avgv‡K ejwQj †h, `ywbqv‡K gReyZ Kivi R‡b¨ H MVbg~jK KvR Qvov Avi wKQz
djcÖm~ n‡Z cv‡i bv hvi bKkv Avwg •Zix K‡iwQ| Aciw`‡K gymjgvb‡ì wewfbœ wewÿß `j¸‡jvi Dci
wecø‡ei †h AvMÖvmx nvgjv n‡”Q Zv †`‡L Avwg eyS‡Z cviwQ †h, GLb RvZxq kw³ hv wKQz i‡q †M‡Q
Awej‡¤^ Zv mvgjv‡bv ìKvi| bZzev †h mgq ch©šÍ Avgiv Avgv‡ì MVbg~jK KvR G‡Zv cwigvY DbœZ
Ki‡Z cvie †h Zv RvwZ‡K mvgjvevi †hvM¨ n‡e, Z‡Zv mgq ch©šÍ RvwZUvB †kl n‡q hv‡e| hw`
MVbg~jK Kv‡Ri bKkv Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b _v‡K hvi eY©bv GÿzwY Avwg w`jvg-Zvn‡j Avcbviv wb‡RivB
eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h, wKQz †jvK KziAvb I mybœvn Ges cÖvPxb I AvaywbK Ávb-weÁv‡bi M‡elYvg~jK Aa¨qb I
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eë¯ v, cÖwkÿY eë¯ v I •bwZKZv‡K mwVK Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Ki‡e Ges Zvici †m ms‡kvwaZ wkÿv I
cÖwkÿY eë¯ vi Øviv RvwZi g‡a¨ Ggb kw³i mÂvi n‡e †h, †m RvwZ ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK, mvs¯‥…wZK
I •bwZK AatcZb †_‡K wb‡R‡K iÿv K‡i DbœwZi c‡_ AMÖmi n‡e-Gme Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ KZ `xN© mg‡qi
cÖ‡qvRb! GKvR hw` AvR ïiæ Kiv hvq, Zvn‡j Lye Kg K‡i n‡jI Z…Zxq eskai (GENERATION)
ch©šÍ wM‡q Zv djcÖm~ n‡Z cv‡i| GLb AvcbvivB Avgv‡K ejyb, †h So Avgv‡ì gv_vi Dci G‡m c‡o‡Q
Zv Avgv‡ì GZLvwb AeKvk w`‡Z wK cÖ¯‧Z †h, Avgiv wbwð‡šÍ e‡m Avgv‡ì fvOv †b․Kv bZzb K‡i •Zix
Ki‡ev? †h Ae¯ v Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b Zv Avgvi mvg‡bI| †Kvb wKQzB AcÖKvk †bB †h, hv †`LwQ Zv
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(COMPOUND) cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi (PROVINCIAL AUTONOMY) weivU Dcvq-Dcv`v‡bi mvnv‡h¨
fvi‡Zi Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡”Q Ges bZzb fvi‡Zi wbg©vY Ggb GK bKkvi Dc‡i ïiæ n‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨
gymwjg RvwZi R‡b¨ Ògymwjg RvwZÓ wn‡m‡e †Kvb ¯ vb †bB| Aciw`‡K gymjgvb GK cvj †fov-QvM‡ji
g‡Zv fvi‡Zi me©Î c_nviv n‡q Ny‡i †eov‡”Q| Zv‡ì
wewfbœ `j-Dc`j wewfbœ c‡_ cvwj‡q †eov‡”Q| Avwg hw` Lye Avkvev`mn Abygvb Kwi, Zvn‡j ej‡Z cvwi
Lye †ekx `k eQi hw` G Ae¯ v Pj‡Z _v‡K, Zvn‡j gq`vb G‡Kev‡i Avcbv‡ì nvZQvov n‡q hv‡e Ges
G RvwZi Avi Aw¯ÍZ¡B _vK‡e bv-hv‡ì mvgjvevi R‡b¨ Avcbviv e‡m e‡m ì‡m KziAvb w`‡Z _vK‡eb|
m¤¢eZ Avcbviv †m wbivc` ¯ vbUzKzI cv‡eb bv, †hLv‡b e‡m G ai‡bi ì‡m KziAvb Avcbviv w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|Ó
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bv †Kb, me©ve¯ vq Avgv‡K ivR‣bwZK cÖ‡Póv Ges RvZxq cybM©V‡bi G `ywU KvR mv‡_ mv‡_B Ki‡Z n‡e|
d‡j †h gq`vb `ªæZ nvZQvov n‡q hv‡”Q ivR‣bwZK cÖ‡Póvi Øviv Zv †hb iÿv Kiv hvq| Zvici h‡ZvUyKz
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GKUv Av¸b R¡vwj‡q w`‡qwQ| GLb Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi gvSLv‡b GKUv wØZxq c_ Aej¤^b Kivi
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c_ •Zix K‡i †`wL‡q w`B Ges G c‡_ P‡j ev¯Í‡e cÖgvY K‡i w`B †h, GBwUB gyw³i c_| G Ae¯ vq
Avgvi cðvrc` nIqvi A_© GB †h, Avwg Avgvi RvwZi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv KiwQ Ges Zv‡ì D¯‥vwb
w`‡q Ggb ¯ v‡b wb‡q wM‡q †Q‡o w`w”Q, †hLv‡b Zvi eyKdvUv Z…òv Abyfe Ki‡Q wKš‧ cvwb †Kv_vI cvIqv
hv‡”Q bv| e¨vcvi ïay GZUzKz bq †h, GUv AvgviB aviYv, eis fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K †h AMwYZ
wPwVcÎ Avm‡Q †mm‡ei ¯—‚c †`Lvi Kó ¯^xKvi hw` Avcbviv K‡ib, Zvn‡j Avcbviv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb †h,
†`‡ki †h me AÂ‡j Avgvi AvIqvR †c․u‡Q‡Q, Zviv Avgvi Kv‡Q wK Avkv Ki‡Q Ges †Kvb wRwb‡mi `vex
Ki‡Q| Zv‡ì `vex c~iY Ki‡Z hw` Avwg KzÉv‡eva Kwi, Zvn‡j Zviv Avgv‡K †Kgb †Pv‡L †`L‡e? Zvici
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hZUzKz Avgvi Av‡Q| wKš‧ Avwg Avcbv‡ì cwi®‥vi ej‡Z PvB G `vwq‡Z¡i Abyf‚wZ Avgvi Dc‡i GZ weivU
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Dci wbg©vY KvR Avgv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi Revew`wn Avgv‡K †MvUv RvwZi Kv‡Q Ges Av‡Liv‡Z †Lv`vi
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Ni wbg©v‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Zvi nq Ges GK GKwU BU m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ MÖnYKvix Ab¨ †KD nq, †h ej‡e Zv
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Bgvi‡Zi bK&kv •Zix Ges wbg©vY Kv‡R Zuv‡ì dqmvjvB gvb‡Z n‡e| A_ev BgviZ Lvivc n‡j RvwZi
mvg‡b Ges †Lv`vi mvg‡b Zuv‡ì bq, AvgviB gyL Kv‡jv n‡e|Ó
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mv‡_ Avwg GLv‡b Gjvg Ges GLvb †_‡K jv‡nvi wM‡q Avjøvgv BKev‡ji mv‡_ mvÿvZ Kijvg| G †MvUv
md‡ii g‡a¨ Avgvi wPšÍv, aviYv, B”Qv-evmbv fvjfv‡e †P․ayix mv‡ne‡K Rvwb‡q w`jvg| Zvici G mewKQz
Rvbvi ci hLb wZwb Avgv‡K GLv‡b Avmvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb Ges G wbðqZv †`b †h, Avgvi cwiKíbv
ev¯Íevq‡b Avgvi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv _vK‡e- ZLb Avwg dqmvjv Kijvg Avgvi †nW‡KvqvU©vi c„_K ¯ v‡b
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_vKvi R‡b¨ Ges cwÎKv Pvjvevi R‡b¨ †h LiPc‡Îi ìKvi n‡e Zv Avwg enb Kie| Ggb wK hZw`b
ch©šÍ †Kvb Rwg Lwi` K‡i Avwg evox bv evbve, ZZw`b IqvK&‡di †h evox‡Z Avwg _vKe Zvi fvov
IqvK&d KwgwU‡K w`‡Z _vKe| BbkvAvjøvn †Kvb mg‡q GKwU cqmvI Avgv‡ì KwgwU †_‡K A_ev
Avcbv‡ì Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K Avgvi wb‡Ri R‡b¨ A_ev Avgvi cwÎKvi R‡b¨ †be bv| GK_v wVK †h,
Gici Avgvi †Kvb •bwZK `vwqZ¡ _v‡K bv, hvi wfwË‡Z Avwg GLv‡b Ggb gh©v`v Keyj Ki‡Z cvwi, hv
†Kvb cÖvB‡fU wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi †eZbfz³ †nW gv÷v‡ii n‡q _v‡K| Avgvi g‡b nq cÖK…Z Ae¯ v mvg‡b
†i‡L AvcbvivI G Avkv Avgvi Kv‡Q Ki‡eb bv|
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Ki‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv GB †h- hw` Avgvi Dci Avcbv‡ì Av¯ v _v‡K Ges hw` Pvb †h, GB BgviZ Avwg
Avgvi bK&kvi Dci •Zix Kwi, Zvn‡j Avgv‡K †m GLwZqvi w`b! Avi hw` Avcbviv wb‡RivB evbvevi
aviYv iv‡Lb, Zvn‡j Avgv‡K cwi®‥vi e‡j w`b hv‡Z Avwg wd‡i †h‡Z cvwi| wd‡i hvIqvi `ytL-Kó Avwg
¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cvwi| wKš‧ GUv Avgvi R‡b¨ n‡e Amnbxq †h-Avcbviv cÖwZwU ch©v‡q ej‡eb, ÒcÖ_‡g AgyK
KvR Ki, AgyK KvR K‡iv bv-Avgiv GUv Ki‡Z PvB, Agb KvR Ki‡Z PvB bv|Ó Avgv‡K weivU SoSÅvi
g‡a¨ GKw`‡K fv½v †b․Kv‡K iÿv Kivi Ges Aciw`‡K bZzb †b․Kv evbvevi wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e| G Kv‡R
Pvicv‡ki Ae¯ vi MwZaviv, fwel¨‡Zi m¤¢vebv, gymjgvb‡ì †gRvR-cÖK…wZi Ae¯ v Ges Zvi PovB-
DrivB, mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb, wb‡Ri Dcvq-Dcv`vb, m¤¢ve¨ eÜz-evÜe‡ì †hvM¨Zv, †gvU K_v G me wel‡qi
Dci e¨vcK `„wó †i‡L Avgv‡K gb-cÖv‡Yi GKvšÍ †PóvPwiÎmn GK GKwU c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi
Ggb Avuav‡i G c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Avgvi g‡bi Av‡jv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Av‡jvK”QUv evB‡ii
`ywbqv †_‡K Avgvi bR‡i bv c‡o| GK GK c`‡ÿc hv Avwg MÖnY Kwi Ges Zv Kivi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Ges
wØZxq c`‡ÿc Kivi w`K wbY©‡q Avgv‡K KZUv KwjRvi Lyb e¨q Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi Abygvb Avi †KD Ki‡Z
cvi‡e bv| GLb hw` Ggb †Kvb e¨w³, hvi Dc‡i G `vwq‡Z¡i †evSv †bB, Avi †h G bKkv •Zix K‡iwb,
Avgvi c‡_ G‡m GK K_vq Av‡`k Rvix K‡i †h, Gw`‡K cv evov‡Z n‡e, AgyK KvR cÖ_‡g Ki‡Z n‡e-
AgyK KvR GLb ïiæ Kiv hv‡e bv, Zvn‡j Avcwb aviYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges whwb bv K‡ib wZwbI aviYv
Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, G mvgvb¨ K_vUzKzi Øviv hv wZwb †Lvjv g‡b e‡j †d‡j‡Qb, Avgvi KZ †gnbZ-cwikªg
gv‡V gviv †Mj Ges Avgvi cÖwZwôZ fvimvg¨ K‡ZvLvwb RwUjZv I weiw³i m¤§yLxb n‡jv| G‡K hw` †KD
mn‡hvwMZv g‡b K‡ib, Zvn‡j Ggb m‡nhvwMZv Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wbtm‡›`‡n Avgvi mn‡hvMxi
cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q, wKš‧ Ggb mn‡hvMxi bq †h, GKw`‡K Avgv‡K Zzdv‡bi weiæ‡× jo‡Z n‡”Q Avi GKw`‡K
Avgvi mn‡hvMx Avgvi nvZ-cv euva‡Z _vK‡e| hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Ggb aviYv K‡ib †h, wZwb ¯^qs Kv‡Ri
PovB-DrivB Avgvi †P‡q fv‡jv eyS‡Z cv‡ib Ges Zv Pvjvevi c~Y© †hvM¨Zv iv‡Lb, Zvn‡j wZwb wb‡R G
`vwqZ¡ MÖnY Kiæb| G Ae¯ vq Avwg g‡b Kwi Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb ev wK|Ó
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wbt¯^v_© I wbi‡cÿ gb w`‡q Ki‡eb| Zvici †h me K_v Avwg Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b †ck Kijvg Zvi Dci
wPšÍvfvebv Kivi ci hw` g‡b K‡ib †h, G Ae¯ vq Avgvi GLv‡b cÖ‡qvRb †bB, Zvn‡j Avwg †Lv`v‡K
mvÿx K‡i ejwQ, Avcbviv Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z wØav‡eva Ki‡eb bv| Avi G wel‡qi G‡ZvUzKz wPšÍv Ki‡eb bv
†h, Avgvi GLvb †_‡K P‡j †h‡Z Kó n‡e| G c‡_ cv evovevi c~‡e© Gi †P‡q nvRvi ¸Y Kó ¯^xKvi Kivi
R‡b¨ Avwg •Zix n‡qwQ Avi G mvgvb¨ Kó ¯^xKvi Avgvi Gi †P‡q fv‡jv †h cieZx©Kv‡j Avgv‡K cÖ‡Z¨K
c‡` c‡` gvbwmK Kó ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó
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Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU hw` Avcbviv MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zvi Dci w¯ i _vKvi Iqv`v K‡ib, Zvn‡j G KvR
cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ Avwg MÖnY Kie| Avi hw` Gi †Kvb GKwU Avcbviv MÖnY bv K‡ib, Zvn‡j PZz_© †Kvb
cš vq Avgvi GLv‡b _vKv m¤¢e bq|
cÖ¯Ívemg~n t
1| IqvKd KwgwU hveZxq m¤úwË Ges IqvKd eë¯ vcbvi c~Y© GLwZqv‡ii AwaKvix n‡e| m¤úwË
†`Lvïbvi LiPcÎvwì ci †h Avq n‡e (Net income) Zv cÖwZôv‡bi evqZzj gv‡j Rgv w`‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv Kiv Zvi D‡Ïk¨ c~iY Kiv, evqZzj gv‡ji A_© †Kv_vq †Kv_vq e¨q n‡e Zv wbY©q Kiv
cÖf…wZ Kv‡Ri GLwZqvi KwgwUi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e Avgvi Dci Ac©Y Kiv †nvK e‡j Avgvi cÖ¯Íve| Avwg
Avcbv‡ì cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨‡ì Ges evB‡ii my¯  wePvieyw×m¤úbœ †jvK‡ì hLb †h wel‡q cÖ‡qvRb civgk©
MÖnY Kie| wKš‧ †Kvb civgk© MÖnY Kiv bv Kivi R‡b¨ Avwg eva¨ _vKe bv| Kv‡iv n¯Í‡ÿcI cQ›` Kie
bv| Aek¨ Avcbviv evqZzj gv‡j h‡Zv cwigvY A_© `vb Ki‡eb Zvi cy‡iv wn‡me PvB‡Z cv‡ib| gvwmK,
lvb¥vwmK, •ÎgvwmK GgbwK hLb B”Qv-wn‡me cixÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hv‡Z K‡i Avcbviv wbwðZ n‡Z
cv‡ib †h, A_© wVKgZ e¨q n‡”Q wKbv| †Kvb Li‡Pi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi Ges KwgwUi g‡a¨ gZv‣bK¨ n‡j Zvi
gxgvsmv `yÕRb mvwjm Ki‡eb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb Avwg wb‡qvM Kie GKRb KwgwU Ki‡e| evqZzj gv‡ji
Dci Avgvi c~Y© wbqš¿Y nIqv DwPZ| bZzev Avgv‡K GLwZqvi `vb A_©nxb n‡e| cÖwZôv‡bi Ni‡`v‡ii
R‡b¨ IqvK&d Kiv Rwgi GK Ask, hv KwgwUi Aby‡gv`bµ‡g Avwg wbw`©ó K‡i †be, c„_K K‡i w`‡Z
n‡e| cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv Zvi Dci hLb Ges †hgb B”Qv Ni‡`vi Avwg evbv‡Z cvie|
2| Dc‡iv³ kZ© hw` Avcbv‡ì cQ›` bv nq- Zvn‡j wØZxq kZ© GB †h, eZ©gvb Ni‡`vi¸‡jv Ges
IqvK&dK…Z Rwgi h‡ZvUzKz Ask Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb-Zv Avgv‡K fvov w`‡q †`qv †nvK| GLv‡b Avwg Avgvi
wbR `vwq‡Z¡ cÖwZôvb Kv‡qg Kie| KwgwU IqvK&‡di Avq †_‡K LiPcÎvwì ci hv _vK‡e Zv cÖwZôvb‡K
w`‡q †`‡e Ges †Kvb †Kvb Lv‡Z LiP Kiv n‡e Zv wVK K‡i †`‡e| KwgwU ïay G A‡_©i wn‡me wb‡Z
cvi‡e| ZvQvov Ab¨vb¨ KvRK‡g© Zvi †Kvb KiYxq _vK‡e bv| †h Rwg Avwg fvov †be, KwgwU B”Qv Ki‡j
Zvi Dci Ni •Zix K‡i w`‡q fvov evwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib A_ev Avgv‡K AbygwZ †`‡eb hv‡Z Avwg wb‡R
cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv Ni‡`vi evbv‡Z cvwi|
Gm‡ei A_© GB bq †h, Avwg Avcbv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i GLv‡b KvR Ki‡Z PvB| eiÂ Gi
A_© GB †h, AvBbMZ IqvK&d KwgwUi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e bv Avcbv‡ì Dci K…ZK‡g©i †Kvb `vwqZ¡ Pv‡c| Avi
bv Avcbv‡ì cwRkb Avgvi nvZ-cv eÜ K‡i| Aek¨ bxwZMZfv‡e h‡Zv cÖKvi mnvbyf‚wZ Avcbviv Avgvi
cÖwZ †`Lv‡eb Ges h‡Zv cÖKv‡i Avgvi Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb Zv Avwg kª×vi mv‡_ MÖnY Kie|
3| wØZxq kZ©wUI hw` Avcbviv Keyj bv K‡ib, Zvn‡j Z…Zxq Ges me©‡kl kZ© GB †h-†h cÖwZôvb
Avwg Ki‡Z PvB Zvi R‡b¨ IqvK&‡di cÿ †_‡K †Kvb A_©B †`‡eb bv| ïay fvovq Avgv‡K G Ni‡`vi Ges
Rwgi GKUv Ask w`b| IqvK&‡di Ask †_‡K Avcbviv †hLv‡b Lykx e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ÒG wZbwU k‡Z©i Dci Avcbviv fv‡jvfv‡e wPšÍvfvebv K‡i †`Lyb Ges †hUvB Avcbv‡ì cQ›` nq Zvi
wm×všÍ Avgv‡K `yw`‡bi g‡a¨ Rvwb‡q w`‡eb| wKš‧ Avcbv‡ì G wbðqZv w`w”Q †h-G wZbwU kZ© e¨ZxZ
PZz_© †Kvb weKí wPšÍv Kiv A_©nxb n‡e| Zv Avgvi R‡b¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| GK_vI cwi®‥vi K‡i ej‡Z
PvB †h, gvwmK ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb Avwg Avgvi e¨w³MZ A‡_© †ei K‡iwQ Ges wb‡Ri `vwq‡Z¡B Pvjvw”Q|
KwgwUi mv‡_ Gi †Kvb m¤úK© _vK‡e bv Avi bv Gi cÖwZ n¯Í‡ÿc Kivi Kv‡iv †Kvb AwaKvi _vK‡e|
Dciš‧ †hme eBcy¯ÍK Avwg cÖKvk Kie †m m‡ei mv‡_I KwgwUi †Kvb m¤úK© _vK‡e bv|Ó
gvIjvbv `viæj Bmjvg Uªv÷ KwgwUi mvg‡b †h `xN© e³e¨ †ck K‡ib Zv †_‡K Zuvi wKQz •ewkó¨ my¯úó
n‡q I‡V| Zv n‡”Q Zuvi `~i`kx© I m~²`kx© g‡bi AswKZ GK my`~icÖmvix gnvb cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b Zuvi
me©¯^ Kzievb Kivi `„p msKí| †mB mv‡_ Zuvi Amxg AvZ¥wek¦vm Ges G AvZ¥wek¦vmI Zuv‡K Ac‡ii †Kvb
cÖKvi n¯Í‡ÿc †_‡K gy³ K‡i ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Kivi A`g¨ mvnm I kw³ `vb K‡i| Zuvi g‡bi Mfx‡i †h
gnvb cwiKíbv wQj Zvi wfwË‡ZB wZwb wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨B GKwU mZ¨wbô, gReyZ, mymsnZ I m„k„sLj
Bmjvgx `j MVb K‡ib|
Avi GKwU welq jÿYxq †h gvIjvbvi AvMv‡Mvov e³‡e¨ Zuvi ¯^vaxb I ewjô gb-gvbwmKZviB Awfe¨w³
N‡U‡Q| Zuvi e³‡e¨ wQj ewjô hyw³, cÖvYPvÂj¨ m„wóKvix A`g¨ Bmjvgx Av‡eM-D”Q¡vm, AvKl©Yxq
cÖKvkfw½ Ges ü`qMÖvnx AvnŸvb| Zuvi GK GKwU evK¨ I kã †kªvZvi ü`‡qi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv‡K
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e‡jb t
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Rvbv‡bv n‡j ev‡ivRb Zvkixd Av‡bb Ges bqRb Zuv‡ì gZvgZ wj‡L cvwV‡q †`b| wZbw`b hveZ •eV‡K
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ZzdvBj gynv¤§` (10) Ave`yj RveŸvi MvRx (11) Avhg nv‡kgx|
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jÿ¨ nvwmj Kiv| G Ggb GK wecøevZ¥K aviYv hvi g‡a¨ weivU AvKl©Y wKš‧ Rxe‡bi Pig SzuwK i‡q‡Q|
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G cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q ejv nq †h, †h‡nZz †Ljvd‡Z iv‡k`vi Aemv‡bi ci gymjgvb‡ì
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cwi‡e‡k Bmjv‡gi cÖvY mÂvwiZ n‡e|
2| GLv‡b Bmjvgx wkÿvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Bmjvgx PwiÎ MV‡biI eë¯ v _vK‡e| Øxwb Bj‡gi mv‡_
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eë¯ v‡K P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
3| G cÖwZôv‡bi Aax‡b gyevwjø‡Mi GKwU my`ÿ I PwiÎevb Uxg •Zix Kiv n‡e- hviv gymwjg Rbc‡`
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4| G Bmjvgx cwi‡e‡k Ae¯ vb Kivi R‡b¨ evB‡i †_‡KI wKQz †jvK Avm‡Z cvi‡e, hv‡Z K‡i G
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cwÐZMYI GLv‡b G‡m Bmjvgx Rxeb hvc‡bi bgybv ¯^P‡ÿ †`L‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡eB †Ljvd‡Z iv‡k`vi
gnvb mf¨Zv‡K Zz‡j aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
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gymjgvb‡ì ms¯‥vi-ms‡kvab, Zvjxg-ZiweqZ I msMV‡bi digyjv •Zix Kiv n‡qwQj| GKwU gymjgvb
cwievi‡K Gi cÖv_wgK BDwbU wn‡m‡e w¯ i Kiv n‡qwQj| gymwjg mgv‡R †h‡nZz cvwievwiK Rxeb‡K wfwË
e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q- †m Rb¨ gvbyl Movi cÖv_wgK KviLvbv GB cwievi| GRb¨ `viæj Bmjvg Av‡›`vjb
cwievi‡KB ms¯‥v‡ii cÖv_wgK BDwbU wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| Zvi digyjv n‡jv t
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Ges gymwjg cwiev‡ii cÖavbB n‡jv G Rvgvqv‡Zi Avgxi- Ges kwiq‡Zi w`K w`‡q G AvgxiB Zvi
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cÖwZôv‡bi g‡Z RvwZi ms¯‥v‡ii R‡b¨ GUvB n‡”Q mnRZg cš v|
`viæj Bmjv‡gi MVbZš¿
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e‡j gymjgvb| Avi gymjgvb nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi Rb¨ Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o gvbexq ZvgvÏy‡bi wfwË
Bmjvgx g~jbxwZi Dci Kv‡qg Kiv|
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1| cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb G `‡ji m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Zvi Rb¨ kZ© GB †h, Zv‡K Gi j‡ÿï mv‡_ GKgZ
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2| cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb Gi mfvcwZ n‡Z cvi‡eb- hw` wZwb †hvM¨Zvi w`K w`‡q `‡ji Av¯ vfvRb nb|
3| mfvcwZi c` wbe©vPbg~jK- ¯^‡NvwlZ bq|
4| mfvcwZ‡K c`Pz¨Z Kiv hv‡e- hw` wZwb `‡ji Av¯ v nvwi‡q †d‡jb|
5| k~iv I mfvcwZi wbe©vPb, mfvcwZi GLwZqvi I Zuvi Revew`wn m¤ú‡K© AvaywbK hy‡Mi Z_vKw_Z
MYZ‡š¿i AbyKiY Kiv nqwb| eiÂ †Ljvd‡Z iv‡k`vi mv`vwm‡a Ges mwZ¨Kvi bgybv AbymiY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Rvgvqv‡Zi gwR© Abyhvqx GKRb Zvi †bZv n‡Z cvi‡eb Ges h‡Zvw`b RvgvqvZ Zuvi Dci Av¯ v
†cvlY Ki‡e, ZZw`b wZwb Zuvi `~i`wk©Zv Abyhvqx KvR Kivi c~Y© my‡hvM cv‡eb|
6| Ae¯ vi cÖwZK~jZv jÿ¨ K‡i, G cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó e¨w³‡ì `yfv‡M wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hviv
gb-cÖvY w`‡q cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ï‡kï R‡b¨ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Kv‡R Rb¨ Rxe‡bi mKj cÖKvi SuywK MÖnY
Ki‡Z •Zix _vK‡j ZuvivB Gi mwZ¨Kvi Kgx© n‡eb| Avi hviv D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ GKgZ I mnvbf‚wZkxj
Ges wKQz cwigv‡Y Avw_©K mvnvhÏ K‡i _v‡Kb wKš‧ e¨w³MZ Kvi‡Y AwaKZi bvRyK `vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡Z
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n‡Z n‡e Ges Bmjvgx Zvnhxe-ZvgvÏy‡bi bgybv n‡Z n‡e| Avgiv Zv‡ì gZ n‡Z PvB bv hv‡ì K_vevZ©v
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KviY Zviv †hme g~jbxwZi aviK-evnK e‡j wb‡R‡ì cÖPvi K‡i A_P ¯^qs Z`byhvqx KvR K‡i bv, Zviv
wK K‡i Ab¨‡ì‡K Zv‡ì Abymvix evbv‡Z cv‡i? GR‡b¨ MVbZ‡š¿ cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨ I mn‡hvMx‡ì Rb¨
G Acwinvh© kZ© ivLv n‡q‡Q †h, Zuviv Kvh©Z Bmjvgx wkÿv Abyhvqx Rxeb hvcb Ki‡eb|
Avw_©K Dcvq-DcKiY
Z…Zxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ-Avw_©K DcKi‡Yi| G cÖm‡½ Avgiv cÖv_wgK Bmjvgx hy‡Mi AbymiY K‡iwQ| huviv
Bmjv‡gi g~j jÿ¨ wb‡R‡ì Rxe‡bi jÿ¨ evbv‡Z Pvb, Zuviv Zuv‡ì Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ Ggb †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q nvZ
cvZ‡eb bv hv‡ì mvg‡b G ai‡bi †Kvb jÿ¨ †bB| Zuv‡ì‡K, wb‡Ri nv‡Z AwR©Z m¤ú` G c‡_ e¨q
Ki‡Z n‡e| evB‡ii †jv‡Kiv †¯^”Qvq hw` Avgv‡ì Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ MÖnY Kie
wKš‧ Avgiv ¯^qs Zv‡ì Kv‡Q PvB‡Z hve bv| GR‡b¨ m”Qj iæKb (m`m¨) I mn‡hvMx‡ì R‡b¨ GUv
Acwinvh© Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Zviv Zv‡ì Av‡qi GKUv wbw`©ó Ask G cÖwZôv‡bi evqZzj gv‡j Rgv †`‡eb|
wØZxq cš v G ivLv n‡q‡Q †h, hw` †Kvb e¨w³ ev `j cÖwZôv‡b Avw_©K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z Pvb, A_ev G D‡Ï‡k¨
†Kvb m¤úwË IqvK&d Ki‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j G cÖwZôv‡bi cwjwm A_ev Zvi Kg©c×wZ‡Z n¯Í‡ÿc Kivi †Kvb
AwaKvi Zv‡ì _vK‡e bv| G cÖwZôv‡bi eë¯ vcbvi cÖwZ hvi c~Y© Av¯ v _vK‡e †m Gi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Av¯ v bv _vK‡j Ki‡e bv| Ggwb Avw_©K mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì wnmvecÎ Rvbvi AwaKvi _vK‡e| †Kvb
†Kvb Lv‡Z e¨q n‡e ZvI Zuviv wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji c_
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e¨vcv‡i GK_v †R‡b ivLv ìKvi †h, `viæj Bmjvg cÖwZôvi c‡_ evavwe‡Nœi GK weivU cvnvo mxgv‡šÍ
ùvwo‡q Av‡Q hv mwi‡q †`qv †Kvb mnR KvR bq| AZtci cÖwZeÜKZv `~i Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ `viæj
Bmjv‡gi AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wó KivI GK KwVb KvR| G `ywU KvR AmvaviY wnKgZ I Pig Z¨v‡Mi
gva¨‡g µgk K‡i †h‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZ‡iva
me©cÖ_g Kivi KvR GB †h, we‡ivax Av`‡k©i wecøex kw³¸‡jv †hfv‡e †MvUv cwi‡e‡ki Dci †Q‡q Av‡Q
Zvi cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY Avgiv hw` ïay MVbg~jK Kv‡RB †j‡M _vwK Ges cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wPšÍv bv
Kwi, Zvn‡j K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ MVbg~jK Kv‡RiI †Kvb my‡hvM _vK‡e bv| Gi R‡b¨ cÖ_g cÖ‡qvRb GB
†h, Avgv‡ì †K‡›`ª AwZ kxNÖB GK cÖPvi wefvM Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici cÎ-cwÎKvi gva¨‡g gymwjg
Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ wecøex wPšÍvaviv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|
†K›`ªxq cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡i †hme m`m¨ I mn‡hvMx †`‡ki me©Î Qwo‡q _vK‡eb Zuv‡ì KvR GB n‡e †h,
†K›`ª †_‡K †h AvIqvR DV‡e Zv gymwjg RbmvaviY, we‡kl K‡i RvwZi KZ…©Z¡kxj I Kgx©gn‡j †c․uwQ‡q
†`‡eb Ges RbgZ m„wói cy‡ivcywi †Póv Ki‡eb| m¤¢e n‡j †K‡›`ªi evB‡iI cÖPvi wefv‡Mi wewfbœ †K›`ª
†Lvjv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges †m¸‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡`©‡k KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|
MVbg~jK KvR
Avgv‡ì‡K `viæj Bmjvg cÖwZôvi cÖ¯‧wZ ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ gvbyl G fzj aviYvq wjß Av‡Q †h,
`viæj Bmjv‡gi cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ ïay Zievwii kw³i cÖ‡qvRb| G bvg D”PvwiZ nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì
g‡bi g‡a¨ GK fqven `v½v-nv½vgv I i³cv‡Zi wPÎ †f‡m I‡V Ges Zviv g‡b K‡i G KvR Kivi R‡b¨
A_©vr `viæj Bmjvg cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ gymjgvb‡ì‡K eZ©gvb miKv‡ii weiæ‡× GK mk¯¿ wecøe Ki‡Z n‡e
Ges Gi Rb¨ nv‡U-evRv‡i, c‡_-Nv‡U wKQz gymjgv‡bi gv_v KvUvKvwU Awbevh© n‡q co‡e| wKš‧ GUv åvšÍ
aviYv Qvov Avi wKQz bq| ZvgvÏywbK eë¯ vi wecøe Gfv‡e nq bv Ges n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvgvÏywbK wecø‡ei
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hy‡Mi mvs¯‥…wZK eë¯ vi g~jbxwZ I Zvi kvLv-cÖkvLvi ÎæwUmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i RbM‡Yi
msL¨vMwiô GKUv `j Gi cÖwZ exZkª× n‡q c‡o Ges Zviv Abyfe Ki‡Z _v‡K †h, G eë¯ v cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
A‡h․w³K I AwbóKi| Zvici G eë¯ vi cwie‡Z© hv Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi †g․wjK aviYv †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i Zvi ev¯Íe weeiY Ggb cysLvbycysLiƒ‡c we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡e †hb RbM‡Yi weivU msL¨K †jvK Zv‡Z
mswkøó n‡q c‡o Ges eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, G eë¯ v ïay AZ¨šÍ hyw³MZ I ¯^vfvweKB bq, eiÂ cy‡ivcywi
Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx Ges mKj mgm¨vi myôz mgvavb Zvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ| G‡K ïay ZvwË¡K w`K w`‡qB cÖgvY Kiv
n‡e bv, eiÂ mv‡_ mv‡_ ev¯Íe w`K w`‡qI Zv K‡i †`Lv‡Z n‡e, Zv hZB mxwgZ cwigv‡Y †nvK bv †Kb|
G KvR Mfxi eyw×e„wËK M‡elYv I µgvMZ AK¬všÍ cwikª‡gi mv‡_ wKQzKvj ch©šÍ K‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Ae‡k‡l
AwaKvsk †jvK‡K mggbv evwb‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| ïaygvÎ †m gnjwUB Gi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e hviv nVKvwiZvq
wjß _vK‡e Ges eZ©gvb ZvgvÏywbK eë¯ vi mv‡_ Zv‡ì ¯^v_© mswkøó _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z
_vK‡e| Zvici Aek¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e kw³i gva¨‡g G ZvgvÏywbK eë¯ v‡K DrLvZ K‡i bZzb wecøex eë¯ v
Kv‡qg Kiv| Zvici weiæ×ev`x‡ì G eë¯ v †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡e|
Bmjvgx wecø‡ei GB GKgvÎ c_ hv KziAvb nvKxg †ck K‡i‡Q Ges im~‡j Kixg (mt) K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb,
Gi AbymiYB Avgv‡ì‡K Ki‡Z n‡e| G D‡Ï‡k¨ KvR‡K `yfv‡M fvM Ki‡Z n‡e- ZvwË¡K wefvM
(Theoritical Section) Ges eënvwiK wefvM (Practical Section)|
ZvwË¡K wefvM
1| G wefv‡M ïay Zv‡ì‡K †bqv n‡e hviv Aviex‡Z gv`ªvmv I Bs‡iRx K‡jR †_‡K wkÿv mgvß
K‡i‡Qb| A_ev huv‡ì wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv D”Pgv‡bi| kZ© GB †h, Zuv‡ì‡K cÖwZôv‡bi cÖv_wgK m`m¨ n‡Z
n‡e Ges Bmjv‡gi †L`g‡Zi R‡b¨ Zuviv Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡eb| cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb‡K Zuv‡ì ¯^fve-PwiÎ I
gvbwmK †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
2| Zuv‡ì‡K ¯ vqxfv‡e †K›`ªxq msMV‡b Ae¯ vb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GLvbKvi wbqg-bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡Z
n‡e hv‡Z K‡i cwi‡e‡ki cÖfv‡e Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cy‡ivcywi Bmjvgx gb-gvbwmKZv •Zix nq Ges ZvKIqvi †m
cÖvYkw³ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mÂvwiZ nq hv Øxb Bmjv‡gi gg©K_v Dcjwä Kivi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb|
3| Aviex wkwÿZ †jvK‡ì‡K Bs‡iRx fvlv I AvaywbK Ávb-weÁvb Ges Bs‡iRx wkwÿZ‡ì‡K
Aviex fvlv I Bmjvgx Ávb wkÿv w`‡q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ G wel‡qI cÖv_wgK †hvM¨Zv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
Zuviv M‡elYv I BR‡Znv‡ì c‡_ c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G wkÿvKv‡j G †PóvI Kiv n‡e hvi d‡j
G Dfq `j GKB ¯Í‡i G‡m hvq, Df‡qi g‡b cÖvß wkÿv eë¯ vi gva¨‡g Z_¨vwì †h ¯—‚c åvšÍfv‡e M‡o
D‡V‡Q Zv †hb ms‡kvwaZ I myweb¨¯Í Kiv hvq Ges Zv‡ì `„wó‡KvY‡K Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Kv‡Y cwiYZ Kiv
hvq|
4| Bmjv‡gi mwVK aviYvi R‡b¨ KziAv‡b Kix‡gi ìm wbqwgZfv‡e w`‡Z n‡e| G ìm G †g․wjK
aviYvi Dci †`qv n‡e †h, KziAvb G Áv‡bi cÖK…Z Drm, m‡Zï †K›`ªwe›`y Ges m„wóRM‡Zi mKj mgm¨vi
PvweKvwV Zvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ Av‡Q| mKj Ávb-weÁv‡bi M‡elYvi GB n‡”Q mwVK m~Pbvwe›`y Ges GB n‡”Q
mwVK MšÍe¨¯ j| Gi c_-wb‡`©kbv †_‡K m¤úK©nxb n‡q GKwU Ávb mZ¨ c_ †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zv
mwVK c‡_ Avm‡ZI cv‡i bv hZÿY bv KziAvb‡K c_cÖ`k©K e‡j MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ïay cvw_©e Ávb-
weÁvbB bq, Bmjvgx ÁvbI GR‡b¨ D‡Ïk¨nxb n‡q c‡o‡Q †h, KziAvb‡K m¤§y‡L ivLvi cwie‡Z© †cQ‡b
ivLv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm wdKvn, e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi g~jbxwZ, Bmjvgx weÁvb, `k©b, Bmjvgx BwZnvm mK‡jiB
cÖvYkw³ KziAv‡b Av‡Q| G cÖvYkw³i Afv‡e meB cÖvYnxb Ges G cÖvYkw³ jvf Ki‡j meB RxešÍ I
MwZkxj n‡q c‡o|
5| Øx‡bi g‡a¨ BRwZnv`x `~i`wk©Zv m„wó Kivi R‡b¨ mxivZ cv‡Ki wkÿv Aek¨B †`qv n‡e hv‡Z wkÿv_x©
bex cv‡Ki †ghvR I iæwP-cÖK…wZi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cv‡i hv kixqZ I wgjøv‡Zi iæwP-cÖK…wZ| †mB mv‡_
mvnvev‡q †Kivg I AZx‡Zi gyRZvwn`M‡Yi mxivZ I Awe¯§iYxq Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© covïbv Kiv‡Z n‡e| Zv
n‡jB wkÿv_x© fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡Z cvi‡e Øxb Bmjv‡gi mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb wPšÍv I ¯^vaxb M‡elYvi
Ae`vb KZ`~i ch©šÍ cvIqv hvq Ges †Kv_vq †c․uQvi ci G ¯^vaxbZv Øx‡bi mxgvšÍ AwZµg K‡i|
6| Gfv‡e M‡elYv I BRwZnv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvM¨Zv Ges Bmjv‡gi cÖvYkw³ m¤ú‡K© Ávb m„wó Kivi ci
Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì †hvM¨Zv I †SuvKcÖeYZv Abyhvqx wewfbœ MÖæ‡c fvM Kiv n‡e| AZtci GK GK MÖæc‡K GK
GK wel‡q (Subject) M‡elYvi Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡e| †hgb GK MÖæc `k©b I AeënvwiK
(Theoritcal) weÁvb, wØZxq MÖæc mgvR I A_©bxwZ, Z…Zxq MÖæc AvBb I Z_¨ msµvšÍ welqvwì Dci
M‡elYv Ki‡e|
7| M‡elYv I mgv‡jvPbvi Gme wewfbœ wefv‡M c_-wb‡`k©bv †`‡eb cÖwZôv‡bi mfvcwZ Ges Zvi c_-
wb‡`©kbvi cš v Ggb n‡e †h, M‡elK‡ì g‡a¨ wPšÍvi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖvYkw³I AÿzYœ _vK‡e Ges †mB mv‡_
Bmjv‡gi mxiv‡Z gy¯ÍvKxg †_‡K Zuviv m‡iI co‡eb bv| Avi wewfbœ wefv‡Mi D‡Ï‡kï mvgÄm¨ _vK‡e|
8| evB‡ii m`m¨ I mn‡hvMx Gme wefv‡M wZb cÖKv‡i mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| GK, †hvM¨Zg †jvK Zvjvk K‡i
Gme wefv‡M Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cvVv‡eb| wØZxq, Gme wefvM †_‡K †hme mvwnZ¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡e Zv †`‡ki g‡a¨
Qwo‡q w`‡eb| Z…ZxqZ Gme wefv‡Mi Avw_©K cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb|
eënvwiK wefvM
1| G wefv‡M Hme †jvK †bqv n‡e hv‡ì g‡a¨ D”Pgv‡bi ev¯Íe †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q|
2| cÖ_gZ, Zuv‡ì‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿY †`qv n‡e hv‡Z Zuviv Zuv‡ì we‡kl Kg©‡ÿ‡Î mwVK Bmjvgx
c×wZ‡Z KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
3| cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgq Zuv‡ì †hvM¨Zvi mwVK Av›`vR-Abygvb K‡i Zuv‡ì Kv‡Ri wewfbœ c_ e‡j †`qv
n‡e- hvi g‡a¨ wKQzi D‡jøL wb‡gœ Kiv n‡jv t
(K) GKwU `j gmwR‡` BgvgwZi R‡b¨ •Zix Kiv n‡e| Zuviv gmwR‡ì gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨
RvMiY m„wó Ki‡e, Zv‡ì ms¯‥vi I msMVb Ki‡e| evB‡ii m`m¨ I mn‡hvMx‡ì KvR n‡e- Gfv‡e †hme
Bgvg •Zix n‡eb Zuv‡ì‡K Zuviv †K›`ªxq ¯ vb¸‡jv‡Z wbhy³ Ki‡eb|
(L) GKwU `j‡K MÖvgvÂ‡j Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ •Zix Kiv n‡e| Zv‡ì Kg©‡ÿÎ •Zix Kivi `vwqZ¡ evB‡ii
m`m¨ I mn‡hvMx‡ì Dci|
(M) GKwU `j wewfbœ A_©‣bwZK I KvwiMix ¯‥xg‡K Bmjvgx g~jbxwZi Dci Pvjy Kivi R‡b¨ •Zix Kiv
n‡e| Zuviv eZ©gvb hy‡Mi A_©‣bwZK I KvwiMix mgm¨vejxi mgvavb K‡i ev¯Í‡e Bmjvgx ZvgvÏy‡bi
ewntcÖKvk NUv‡eb|
4| G wefv‡M cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi †jvK Ges mKj cÖKvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb| Gu‡ì Zvjvk
K‡i †K‡›`ª cvwV‡q †`qv Ges cieZx©Kvj Zv‡ì R‡b¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡j Kg©‡ÿÎ msMÖn K‡i †`qv
cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii kvLv¸‡jvi KvR n‡e|
Kv‡Ri cÖmvi
cÖ_gZ, G `ywU wefvM †K‡›`ª Kv‡qg Kiv n‡e| wKš‧ Ae¯ v AbyK‚j n‡j †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ¯ v‡bI G ai‡bi
†K›`ª ¯ vcb Kiv n‡e|
G mg‡q Avgiv MVbg~jK Kv‡Ri G‡Kev‡i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q c`‡ÿc KiwQ Ges G ch©vq m¤ú‡K©B Avgiv
we¯ÍvwiZ wKQz ej‡Z cvwi| GLb G K_v ejv gykwKj †h, cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‧wZi ci Avgiv Avgv‡ì j‡ÿï
w`‡K wKfv‡e AMÖmi ne|
cÖ_g gbwh‡ji wbKUeZx© nIqvi ci wØZxq gbwh‡ji c_ BbkvAvjøvn Avcbv-Avcwb ¯úó n‡q DV‡e|
cÂg Aa¨vq
gvIjvbv gI`~`xi ivR‣bwZK cÖÁv

Dc‡i ejv n‡q‡Q †h, 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi Aax‡b 1937 mv‡j fvi‡Zi mvZwU cÖ‡`‡k
Ks‡MÖm kvmb Z_v wn›`y ivgivRZ¡ Kv‡qg n‡qwQj Ges GKRvZxqZvi wfwË‡Z fvi‡Z †Kvb kvmb eë¯ v †h
gymjgvb RvwZi R‡b¨ g„ZzïB bvgvšÍi Zv wèv‡jv‡Ki g‡Zv my¯úó n‡q c‡owQj- hvi R‡b¨ gvIjvbv Zuvi
HwZnvwmK I g~jëvb cÖeÜvw` Ògymjgvb AvIi gIRy`v wmqvmx KvkgKvkÓ wk‡ivbv‡g †jLv ïiæ
K‡iwQ‡jb, hv c‡i wZb L‡Ð MÖš vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi G cÖeÜ¸‡jv gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ †h bZzb cÖvY
mÂvi K‡i Zv‡ì‡K wbwðZ g„Zzï nvZ †_‡K iÿv K‡iwQj Zv mwVKfv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡j wKQz
Av‡jvPbvi GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖm gymjgvb †bZ…e„›`‡K D‡cÿv K‡i mvaviY gymjgvb‡ì‡K Rv‡j Ave× Kivi R‡b¨
gymwjg MYms‡hvM Av‡›`vjb (Muslim Mass Contact Movement) ïiæ K‡i| G Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖK…Z Kgx©
wQj KwgDwb÷, hvi †bZ…Z¡ w`w”Q‡jb cwÐZ RIni jvj †bniæ-wg‡mm Bw›ìv MvÜxi wcZv| Av‡jg‡ì
GKwU `jI Gi g‡a¨ kvwgj wQj| Zuviv GK_v †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb †h, wn›`y I gymjgvb wg‡j GK RvwZ n‡Z
cv‡i Ges G RvwZi g‡a¨ GKUv MYZvwš¿K Ae¯ v Pvjy Kiv hvq, hvi dqmvjv Kivi AwaKvi _vK‡e
msL¨vMwi‡ôi nv‡Z|
fvi‡Z wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì msL¨vbycvZ wQj wZb I GK| MYZvwš¿K eë¯ v Abyhvqx msL¨vMwiô wn›`y‡ì
nv‡Z mKj ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK I mvs¯‥…wZK ÿgZv b¨¯Í nIqvi ci gymjgvb‡ì †g․wjK AwaKvimg~n
Ges RvZxq mËv wejyß n‡jI Zv‡ì ejvi wKQzB _vK‡e bv| KviY Zviv wn›`y -gymwjg GKRvZxqZv‡K
¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Q| GKRvZxqZvi duv‡` Ave× K‡i gymjgvb‡ì RvZxq ¯^vZš¿¨ wbg~©j Kivi †h KZ eo
lohš¿ PjwQj Zv Avi †Kvb gymjgvb Dcjwä bv Ki‡jI gvIjvbv gI`~`x K‡iwQ‡jb| `viæj Djyg
†Ìe›`- Gi kvqLyj nv`xm, gymjgvb‡ì me‡P‡q kª×vfvRb Av‡jg, Bmjvgx kwiq‡Zi gyLcvÎ gvIjvbv
ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx w`jøx Rv‡g gmwR` †_‡K †Zv d‡ZvqvB Rvix Ki‡jb †h, wn›`y -gymjgvb wg‡j GK
RvwZ| Gici Avi K_v ejvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| wKš‧ Gi d‡j gymjgvb‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡ †h wecbœ n‡e GK_v
Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb gymjgvb‡ì Bs‡iRx wkwÿZ A-Av‡jg †bZ…e„›`| ZvB Zviv gymjgvb RvwZ‡K iÿv
Kivi R‡b¨ ÔiÿvKePÕ `vex Ki‡jb| GUvI †h A_©nxb Zv gvIjvbvi Kv‡Q my¯úó wQj| KviY, †Kvb e¨w³
ivÿ‡mi ÿzavi wkKvi nIqvi ci Zvi Kv‡Q ÔiÿvKe‡PiÕ `vex K‡i †Kvb dj jvf nq bv| gymjgvb RvwZi
Ggb GK bvRyK cwiw¯ wZ‡Z gvIjvbv mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`x Zuvi gvwmK ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b
RvZxqZvi Dci Zuvi avivevwnK cÖeÜ †jLv ïiæ K‡ib| gvIjvbvi fvlvq gymjgvbiv Zv‡ì RvZxqZv †hb
†Kvbµ‡gB fz‡j bv hvq Ges Zv‡`‡K Agymwjg RvZxqZvi g‡a¨ wejxb n‡q hvIqv †_‡K wK K‡i iÿv Kiv
hvq †m mg‡q GUvB wQj Zuvi me©cÖ_g Kivi KvR|
ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b gvIjvbv e‡jb
GK`j †jvK gymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨ ÔRvwZÕ kã eënvi K‡ib| wKš‧ Zuviv Rv‡bb bv †h, ÔRvwZÕ A_ev ÔD¤§ZÕ
kã `y‡Uv †Kvb A‡_© eënvi Kiv nq Ges Bmjv‡gi ÔRvZxqZvÕ †Kvb ai‡bi| d‡j Zuviv gymjgvb‡ì‡KI
wVK H A‡_©B RvwZ g‡b K‡ib †hgb wn›`y GKwU RvwZ A_ev Rvg©vb GKwU RvwZ Ges G fzj aviYv Zv‡ì
•bwZK, mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK cwjwm‡K Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K G‡Kev‡i åvšÍ Ges gvivZ¥K K‡i
†d‡j|
wØZxq `j RvZxqZv I RvZxqZvev` m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi †g․wjK bxwZ G‡Kev‡i fz‡j hvb| ïay ZvB bq †h,
Zuviv gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ GKRvZxqZvq kixK nIqv Rv‡qh g‡b K‡ib, eiÂ GZLvwb
AMÖmi nb †h, RvZxqZvev‡ì (Nationalism) g‡Zv GKUv Awfkß wRwbm‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z Ges Zv cÖPvi
Ki‡ZI wØav‡eva K‡ib bv|Ó
Bmjvgx RvZxqZv QvovI Ab¨vb¨ RvZxqZvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i gvIjvbv e‡jb, Òesk, Rb¥f‚wg, fvlv I eY©
Gm‡ei wfwË‡Z •Zix RvZxqZv gvbe RvwZi R‡b¨ GK weivU wec`| Zuviv gvbe RvwZ‡K kZ kZ, nvRvi
nvRvi As‡k wef³ K‡i‡Qb Ges †m Ask¸‡jv Ggb †h, †m¸‡jv‡K wbg~©j Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wKš‧ Ab¨
As‡ki mv‡_ wKQz‡ZB GKxf‚Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv|
Zviv G‡K Ac‡ii weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, cÖwZeÜKZv I KcUZvi GK wPišÍb msNvZ-msN‡l© wjß _v‡K|
GKwU Ab¨wU‡K aŸsm Kivi †Póv K‡i Ges ci¯úi Ø›Ø-msN‡l© †klI n‡q hvq|
GmeB n‡”Q AkvwšÍ, wek„•Ljv, wbivcËvnxbZv I nvbvnvwbi wPi Drm, †Lv`vi me‡P‡q eo Awfkvc Ges
kqZv‡bi mv_©K nvwZqvi, hvi Øviv †m Zvi Avw` `ykgb‡K wbcvZ K‡i|
gvIjvbv wR‡Ám K‡ib
Gi †P‡q AwaKZi A‡h․w³K gvbwmKZv gvby‡li R‡b¨ Avi wKQz n‡Z cv‡i wK †h, †m A‡hvM¨, j¤úU I
`yó †jvK‡K GKRb mr‡jv‡Ki Dci ïay GR‡b¨ cÖvavb¨ †`‡e †h, cÖ_g e¨w³ GK es‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q
Ges wØZxq e¨w³ Ab¨ es‡k| cÖ_g e¨w³ GKwU cvnv‡oi cwðg w`‡K Ges wØZxq e¨w³ cvnv‡oi c~e©
w`‡K! cÖ_g e¨w³ GK fvlvq K_v e‡j Ges wØZxq e¨w³ Ab¨ fvlvq Ges †Kvb my ¯  we‡eKm¤úbœ e¨w³i
g‡b Ggb †Kvb aviYvi AeKvk _vK‡Z cv‡i wK †h, mZZv, f`ªZv I kvjxbZv Ges gvbeZvi ¸Yvejx‡K
wkiv-Dcwkiv, i³, gy‡Li fvlv Ges Rb¥f‚wgi gvwUi gvb`‡Ð hvPvB Kiv n‡e?
AZtci gvIjvbv e‡jb,
gvby‡li R‡b¨ gvby‡li gh©v`v jvf Zvi †`‡ni e‡Y©i wfwË‡Z nq bv, eiÂ Zvi AvZ¥‡PZbv Ges cÖKvkfw½i
wfwË‡Z nq|
wZwb AviI e‡jb,
Ávb, AšÍ`„©wó hZB cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q, `~i`„wó hZB †e‡o P‡j‡Q Ges g‡bi cÖk¯ÍZv hZB m„wó n‡”Q,
RvZxqZvi G Roev`x aviYv we`~wiZ n‡”Q Ges AvÂwjKZvi ¯ v‡b AvšÍR©vwZKZvi †cÖiYv m„wó n‡”Q|
Bmjvgx RvZxqZv
gvIjvbv cvðv‡Zï RvZxqZv LZg K‡i Bmjvgx RvZxqZv‡K mwVK gvbexq `„wófw½‡Z †ck K‡i e‡j‡Qb-
ÒAvcbviv †MvUv KziAvb Aa¨qb K‡i †`Lyb hvi g‡a¨ GKwU kãI eskxq I AvÂwjK RvZxqZvi mg_©‡b
cvIqv hv‡e bv| Zvi AvnŸvb mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi cÖwZ| `ywbqvi mKj gvbyl‡K †m g½j I Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K
WvK‡Q| (Bmjvg I RvZxqZvev` c„t 14)
ÒKzdi I wk‡K©i AÁZvi ci Bmjv‡gi `vIqv‡Z n‡Ki hw` †Kvb eo `ykgb _v‡K, Zvn‡j †m n‡”Q G
esk I Rb¥f‚wgi kqZvb| (H 18)
ÒAvjøvn I Zuvi im~j (mt) weï× hyw³m¤§Z wfwËi Dci GK bZzb RvZxqZvi cÖvmv` M‡o‡Qb| G
RvZxqZvi wfwËI •ewkó¨g~jK| wKš‧ e¯‧ev`x I MZvbyMwZK •ewk‡óï Dci bq eiÂ Ava¨vwZ¥K I
eyw×e„wËK •ewk‡óï Dci| †m gvby‡li mvg‡b GK cÖvK…wZK mZ¨Zv †ck K‡i hvi bvg Bmjvg| G †Lv`vi
e‡›`Mx I AvbyMZ¨, g‡bi cweÎZv, mrKg©kxjZv Ges ZvKIqvi w`‡K gvbe RvwZ‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvq|
Zvici e‡j †h, †h G AvnŸv‡b mvov †`q, †m GK RvwZfz³ Ges †h G AvnŸvb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i, †m Ab¨
RvwZfz³| GKwU RvwZ Cgvb I Bmjv‡gi Ges Zvi me †jvK GKwU D¤§vn| Avi GKwU RvwZ Kzdi I
c_åóZvi| Zvi AbymvixMY Zv‡ì cvi¯úwiK gZv‣bK¨ m‡Ë¡I GKwU `j ev RvwZ| (H c„t 20)
G `ywU RvwZi g‡a¨ cv_©‡Kï eywbqv` esk I esk-ci¤úiv bq, eiÂ wek¦vm I Kg©| n‡Z cv‡i †h, GK
wcZvi `ywU cyÎ Bmjvg I Kzd‡ii cv_©‡Kï R‡b¨ c„_K c„_K n‡q hv‡e Ges `yRb AcwiwPZ †jvK Bmjv‡g
HKë× nIqvi Kvi‡Y GKB RvwZfz³ n‡q hv‡e| (H c„t 20)
GUvI m¤¢e †h, GKwU gnjøv I GKwU ew¯Íi `yRb †jv‡Ki RvZxqZv Bmjvg I Kzd‡ii A‣b‡Kï Kvi‡Y
c„_K n‡e Ges GKRb nvekx Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯ vc‡bi Kvi‡Y GKRb gi‡°vevmxi fvB n‡q hv‡e|
(H c„t 20)
GLv‡b wePvh© gy‡Li fvlv I e‡Y©i w`K w`‡q bq, eiÂ Avjøvni i‡Oi w`K w`‡q| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h,
Bmjv‡gi w`K w`‡q GKRb †M․ie‡Y©i I GKRb Kv‡jv e‡Y©i †jvK GK RvwZ n‡e Ges Kzd‡ii w`K w`‡q
`yRb †M․ie‡Y©i †jvK `ywU c„_K RvwZ n‡e| (H c„t 20-21)
GLv‡b gy‡Li fvlv bq ïay g‡bi fvlvB aiv n‡e, hv Øviv `ywbqvq ejv Ges eySv hvq| (H c„t 21)
GLv‡b SMov ab-†`․j‡Zi bq, Cgv‡bi| gvby‡li kvm‡bi bq, †Lv`vi ev`kvnxi| (H c„t 21)
Òhviv Avjøvni kvm‡b AbyMZ Ges hviv †Lv`vi nv‡Z wb‡Ri Rvbgvj wewµ K‡i‡Q Zviv mK‡j GKRvwZ,
Zviv wn›`y¯Ív‡bi †nvK A_ev ZzwK©¯Ív‡bi| Avi hviv †Lv`vi kvmb-KZ…©‡Z¡i weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn K‡i Ges
kqZv‡bi mv‡_ Rvbgv‡ji mI`v K‡i‡Q, Zviv Ab¨ GK RvwZ| Avgv‡ì G wb‡q †Kvb gv_ve¨_v †bB †h,
Zviv †Kvb iv‡Rï cÖRv Ges †Kvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯ vi mv‡_ mswkøó|Ó (H c„t 21)
ÒBmjvg RvZxqZvi †h cwimxgv Gu‡K w`‡q‡Q Zv †Kvb fvecÖeY I Roev`x cwimxgv bq, eiÂ GKwU weï×
hyw³m½Z cwimxgv Gi cwimxgv cwi‡eób K‡i Av‡Q-
G Kv‡jgvi Dc‡iB eÜzZ¡ Ges Gi Dc‡iB `ykgwb| Gi ¯^xK…wZB GKÎ K‡i, Gi A¯^xK…wZB c„_K K‡i|
hv‡ì‡K c„_K K‡i w`‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K bv i‡³i m¤úK© GKÎ Ki‡Z cv‡i, bv gvwUi, bv fvlvi, bv eY© I
es‡ki, iæwU nvjyqvi Avi bv †Kvb iv‡óªi m¤úK©| hv‡ì‡K †m GKÎ K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì‡K †KD c„_K Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|Ó (H 21-22)
Ò†Kvb b`x, †Kvb cvnvo, †Kvb mgy`ª, †Kvb fvlv, †Kvb esk, †Kvb eY©, †Kvb ab-†`․j‡Zi (A_ev Ab¨)
SMov-weev` G AwaKvi jvf K‡i bv †h, Bmjv‡gi cwimxgvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m„wóKvix †iLv †U‡b gymjgvb I
gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ Ki‡e|Ó (H 21-22)
ÒcÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb †m Px‡bi †nvK A_ev gi‡°vi, mv`v †nvK ev Kvj, wn›`xfvlx †nvK A_ev Aviexfvlx,
Abvh© †nvK ev Avh©, GKB miKv‡ii cÖRv †nvK A_ev Ab¨ miKv‡ii †m gymjgvb RvwZiB GKRb, Bmjvgx
mgv‡RiB m`m¨, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK, Bmjvgx †d․‡RiB wmcvnx, Bmjvgx AvBb msiÿ‡Yi AwaKvix|Ó
(H 22)
ÒBmjvg `ywbqvi cÖwZwU e¯‧i Dci AMÖMY¨, cÖwZwU e¯‧ Bmjv‡gi R‡b¨ Kzievb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges
Bmjvg‡K †Kvb e¯‧i R‡b¨ Kzievb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó (H 24)
ÒBmjvgx RvZxqZv MV‡b esk, Rb¥f‚wg, fvlv I e‡Y©i †KvbB Ask †bB| G cÖvmv` †h wbg©vZv evwb‡q‡Qb
Zuvi aviYv `ywbqv †_‡K ¯^Zš¿| wZwb mviv gvbe RM‡Zi KuvPvgv‡ji cÖwZ `„wó wb‡ÿc Ki‡jb| †hLv‡b
†hLv‡b wZwb fv‡jv Ges gReyZ gmjv †c‡jb, Cgvb I Avg‡ji cvKv Pzb w`‡q wewfbœ Ask¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î
Muv_‡jb Ges wek¦Rbxb RvZxqZvi cÖvmv` Mo‡jb, hv mgMÖ f‚gÐ‡j †Q‡q i‡q‡Q|Ó (H c„t 30)
Ò†hfv‡e GKwU iv‡Rï g‡a¨ K‡qKwU ivR¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv, †Zgwb GKwU RvwZi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU RvwZ n‡Z
cv‡i bv| Bmjvgx RvZxqZvi †fZ‡i eskxq, †f․‡MvwjK, fvlvwfwËK I eY©wfwËK RvZxqZv¸‡jv KL‡bvB
GKÎ n‡Z cv‡i bv| G `ycÖKvi RvZxqZvi g‡a¨ GKUvB Kv‡qg _vK‡Z cv‡i|Ó (H c„t 31)
Ò†h gymjgvb gymjgvb _vK‡Z Pvq, Zv‡K mKj RvZxqZvi Abyf‚wZ‡K evwZj Ges mKj gvwU I i‡³i
m¤úK© wQbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi †h, G m¤úK© a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq, Zvi m¤ú‡K© Avgiv G K_v ej‡Z eva¨ †h
Bmjvg Zvi g‡bi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek K‡iwb|Ó (H c„t 31)
Bmjvgx RvZxqZvi cÖfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q gvIjvbv e‡jb-
ÒBmjv‡gi †MvUv BwZnvm c‡o †`Lyb| †hLv‡bB †Kvb kw³kvjx ivóª Avcbv‡ì †Pv‡L co‡e, Zvi
eywbqv‡ì g‡a¨ †`L‡Z cv‡eb wewfbœ esk I RvwZi Lyb| Zv‡ì ivóªbvqK (Statesman), Zv‡ì
†mbva¨ÿ, Zv‡ì mvwnwZ¨K Ges Zv‡ì A¯¿avix mKj‡KB cv‡eb wewfbœ RvwZ †_‡K|Ó (H c„t 33)
Ògymwjg ivóª¸‡jv Zv‡ì exicyiæl msMÖ‡ni e¨vcv‡i †Kvb GKwU †`k A_ev esk-†Mv‡Îi Dcvq-DcKi‡Yi
Dci wbf©i K‡iwb| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯ vb †_‡K eyw×gËvm¤úbœ Ges Kg©V †jvK Zv‡ì R‡b¨ GKÎ n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv
cÖ‡Z¨K `viæj Bmjvg‡K wbR¯^ †`k I evox g‡b K‡i‡Q|Ó (H c„t 33)
Ò†h wRwbm cvðvZ¨ RvwZ¸‡jvi R‡b¨ Ag„Z, ZvB Bmjvgx RvZxqZvi R‡b¨ njvnj|Ó (H c„t 33)
†MvUv gvbe RvwZ‡K GK¯ v‡b GKÎ Kivi R‡b¨ wK Kiv DwPZ Ges wKfv‡e Kiv DwPZ-G e¨vcv‡i gvIjvbv
e‡jb-
Avcbv‡ì‡K GK‡Î HKë×Kvix G Kv‡jgv bq-hv‡K cvnvo, A_ev b`x-mgy`ª mxwgZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, bv H
hv‡K †Kvb esk I †MvÎ mxwgZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi bv H hv‡K †Kvb eY© mxwgZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, bv †Kvb fvlv,
A_ev †Kvb A_©‣bwZK ¯^v_© mxwgZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| eiÂ G Ggb GK Kv‡jgv, hv mgMÖ `ywbqv‡K cwi‡eób
K‡i Av‡Q| hv mgMÖ gvbe RvwZ‡K Avcb Av‡eóbxi g‡a¨ wb‡Z cv‡i, hvi cwie¨vß nIqv‡K `ywbqvi †Kvb
Ro c`v_© iæL‡Z cv‡i bv| hvi eÜ‡b Kv‡jv, †Mviv, njy`, mv`v, cÖvP¨-cÖZxP¨ mK‡j GKB iK‡g Ave×-
GR‡b¨ me©e¨vcx †h, mgMÖ RM‡Zi gvbyl‡K †m GKÎ Kivi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L|Ó
Ò`ywbqvi wewfbœ eY©, wewfbœ fvlv, wewfbœ esk‡MvÎ Ges wewfbœ †`‡ki RvwZmg~n hw` wgwjZ n‡q GKRvwZ
n‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j ïay G Ae¯ vq n‡Z cv‡i †h, Zviv mK‡j †Lv`vI‡›` Avjg (wek¦RM‡Zi cÖfz) Zuvi
†d‡ikZvKzj, Zuvi wKZvemg~n, Zuvi im~jMY Ges †Kqvg‡Zi w`‡bi Dci Cgvb Avb‡e| GQvov Avi †Kvb
wKQzB Zv‡ì‡K GK I GKvZ¥ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó (H c„t 39)
ÒG Kv‡jgv †Kvb cÎ ev KvM‡Ri UzKivi gZ bq †h, mvgvb¨ evZv‡m Zv‡K Dwo‡q wb‡q hv‡e, hv GK¯ v‡b
w¯ i _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv, hv cÖwZwU Avwe®‥vi, cÖwZwU bZzb gZev`, cÖwZwU wPšÍv I aviYvi mv‡_ wWMevwR
†L‡Z _vK‡e|Ó (H c„t 41)
ÒBmjv‡gi G e„ÿ †_‡K me©`v kvwšÍ I wbivcËvi dj Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| †Kvb Av`g mšÍvb‡K Zvi Qvqvq
Avkªq wb‡Z Ges Zvi dj fÿY Ki‡Z evav †`q bv| G KvD‡K wR‡Ám K‡i bv †m †Kvb es‡ki, †Kvb
fvlvq K_v e‡j, †Kv_vKvi Awaevmx| Zvi Qvqvi •ewkó¨ GB †h, †h e¨w³B Zvi wb‡P G‡m‡Q, †m Zvi esk
†M․ie fz‡j †M‡Q| fvlvi cv_©K¨, e‡Y©i •ewkó¨, †`‡ki wewfbœZv Zvi `„wó‡Z Zz”Q I bMY¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q|Ó
(H c„t 42-43)
Ò†h e¨w³ G Kv‡jgvi cÖwZ wek¦vmx n‡e, Zvi Lyb nvivg, Zvi B¾Z nvivg, †m †Zvgvi fvB| Zvi nZ¨vKvix
Rvnvbœv‡gi wPišÍb kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡e Ges Zvi gvbm¤§v‡b AvNvZKvix cvcvPvix|Ó (H c„t 44)
Gfv‡e gvIjvbv Ks‡MÖ‡mi GKRvZxqZvev` gZev‡ì LÐb K‡ib Ges G åvšÍ gZev` bm¨vr K‡i Bmjvgx
RvZxqZvi aviYv wkwÿZ gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ Ges Zv‡ì gva¨‡g mvaviY gymjgv‡bi gbgw¯Í‡®‥ e×g~j Kivi
weivU †L`gZ K‡ib| Ks‡MÖ‡mi mv‡_ mswkøó Djvgv g`xbvq Bû`x‡ì mv‡_ bex Kix‡gi (mt) mwÜi mv‡_
Zzjbv K‡i GK-RvZxqZv‡K Rv‡qh Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| gvIjvbv Zvi Zxeª cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb t
ÒILv‡b wK †Kvb mw¤§wjZ ivóª (Common State) MVb Kiv n‡qwQj? ILv‡b wK †Kvb mw¤§wjZ MYcwil`
MVb Kiv n‡qwQj? GUv wK w¯ ixK…Z n‡qwQj †h, Bû`x I gymjgvb wgwjZ n‡q GKwU msN n‡e Ges G
ms‡N hv‡ì msL¨vMwiôZv n‡e, Zviv g`xbvi kvmbKvh© Pvjv‡e Ges Zv‡ì Aby‡gvw`Z AvBb g`xbvq Pvjy
Kiv n‡e? †mLv‡b wK †Kvb mw¤§wjZ Av`vjZ Kv‡qg n‡qwQj, †hLv‡b Bû`x I gymjgvb‡ì gvgjv-
†gvKÏgv GK‡Î Ges GKB †`kxq AvB‡bi Aax‡b dqmvjv Kiv n‡e? ILv‡b wK †Kvb AvÂwjK Ks‡MÖm
cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡qwQj, †hLv‡b Bû`x msL¨vMwi‡ôi wbe©vwPZ ÔnvBKgvÛÕ Zvi A½ywj ms‡K‡Z Bû`x I
gymjgvb‡ì‡K b„Z¨ Kiv‡e?
ILv‡b wK im~jyjøvni (mt) mv‡_ Pzw³ Kivi cwie‡Z© KvÕe web Avkivd I Ave`yjøvn web DevB gymjgvb
Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ MYms‡hvM (Mass Contact) Ki‡Z G‡mwQj? ILv‡b wK ÔIqva©v ¯‥xg Ae GWz‡KkvbÕ
Gi gZ †Kvb wkÿv c×wZ •Zix Kiv n‡qwQj hv‡Z K‡i gymjgvb I Bû`x‡ì mšÍvb‡ì‡K wb‡q GK
mw¤§wjZ mgvR MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? ILv‡b wK †Kvb we`¨vgw›ì ¯‥xg-Gi gZ †Kvb wkÿv c×wZ mgMÖ
g`xbvevmx‡ì Rb¨ •Zix Kiv n‡qwQj Avi bex (mt) G wkÿv eë¯ vi Aax‡b gymjgvb mšÍvb‡ì‡K cvVv‡Z
ivRx n‡qwQ‡jb?Ó
gymjgvb Av‡jg‡ì GKRvZxqZv mg_©‡bi wK ùvZfvOv Reve! gvIjvbv e‡jb- ÒhLb wPwKrmvjq †_‡K
njvnj cwi‡ekb n‡Z _v‡K, ZLb Ag„Z †Kv_vq Zvjvk Kiv n‡e? (H c„t 56)
gvIjvbv eo mZ¨ K_v e‡jb
ÒAvwg Bmjv‡gi AcwieZ©bxq g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z ej‡Z PvB †h, H ai‡bi †Kvb mvgwMÖK KvVv‡gv †g‡b
†bqv gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ me©`vB †Mvbvn wQj| AvRI †Mvbvn Ges fwel¨‡ZI †Mvbvn _vK‡e, hvi msweavb
gvbyl‡K G AwaKvi-GLwZqvi †`q †h, †m Gme wel‡q AvBb iPbv Ki‡e A_ev Ggb me wel‡qi gxgvsmv
Ki‡e †hme wel‡q Avjøvn I Zuvi im~j (mt) Ø¨_©nxb wm×všÍ Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb| Avi G †Mvbvn G Ae¯ vq
†Zv Av‡iv AwaK n‡q hvq †h, G ai‡bi GLwZqvi m¤úbœ mvgwMÖK KvVv‡gv‡Z msL¨vMwiôZv Agymwjg‡ì
n‡e Ges wm×všÍ wbf©i Ki‡e msL¨vMwiô iv‡qi Dci| (H c„t 57)
ag©nxb msweavb m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv e‡jb
G ai‡bi msweav‡bi Aax‡b Rxeb hvcb Kiv gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ nvivg-†MvUv RvwZ ZZÿY ch©šÍ †MvbvMvi
_vK‡e-h‡ZvÿY ch©šÍ bv †m G msweavb‡K P‚Y©weP‚Y© K‡i‡Q Ges G‡Z Zv‡ì †Mvbvn KwVbZi n‡e hviv G
msweav‡b m¤§wZ Ávcb Ki‡e Ges Zv Pvjv‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡e| H e¨w³i †Mvbvn me©vwaK n‡e, †h †Lv`vi
kwiqZ I im~‡ji mybœvZ‡K H msweavb Rv‡qh Kivi `jxj wn‡m‡e †ck Ki‡e| (H c„t 50-51)
e„wUk c~Rvix e‡j hviv Mvwj †`q Zv‡ì Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb
Òe„wUk kvm‡bi Aemvb Ges Bmjv‡gi Aw¯ÍZ¡-G `y‡UvB Avgv‡ì evÃbxq| GUv‡K hw` †KD e„wUk c~Rv
e‡j †Zv G Mvwji Avgiv †Kvb c‡ivqv Kwi bv|Ó (H c„t 58)
gvIjvbv †nvmvBb Avngv` gv`vbxi †`k c~Rvi mgv‡jvPbvq gvIjvbv e‡jb-
ÒAvgvi DwPZ K_v Gme †jv‡Ki LyeB Lvivc jvM‡e hviv e¨w³Z¡‡K m‡Zï Øviv Rvbvi cwie‡Z© mZ¨‡K
e¨w³‡Z¡i Øviv Rvb‡Z Af¨¯Í| Avi Avgvi G DwPZ K_vi Rev‡e AviI wKQz Mvwj LvIqvi R‡b¨ Avwg
wb‡R‡K cÖ_‡gB •Zix K‡i †i‡LwQ|Ó
gymjgvb‡ì AZxZ BwZnv‡m kvmKe„›` Ges KwZcq bv`vb Av‡j‡gi AvuZv‡Zi D‡jøL K‡i gvIjvbv
e‡jb-
ÒRv‡jg kvmKMY Ges dv‡mK ivRbxwZwe`MY hv wKQz K‡i‡Q, Av‡jg‡ì GK`j Zv KziAvb I nv`xm
†_‡K •ea cÖgvY K‡i Zv‡ì Ryjyg I c_åóZvi R‡b¨ agx©q Xvj mieivn K‡i‡Qb|Ó (H c„t 64)
Bs‡iR kvmb Ges cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q wKQz gymjgvb G åvšÍ `„wó‡Kv‡Yi cZvKvevnx n‡q
c‡o †h, ÒhLb †hgb ZLb †ZgbÓ n‡Z n‡e A_ev Òmevi i‡O iO wgkv‡Z n‡e|Ó
Zvi Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb
Ò`ywbqv hw` Avgv‡ì GR‡b¨ †Kvb gh©v`v bv †`q †h, Avgiv Zvi †cQ‡b PjwQ bv| Zvn‡j Ggb `ywbqv‡K
Avgv‡ì jvw_ gviv DwPZ|Ó (H c„t 67)
AZtci gvIjvbv Lye AvµgYvZ¥K fvlvq e‡jb
ÒAvgv‡ì AvKx`vn-wek¦v‡m hv nK wQj Zvi hyM hw` AZxZ n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì †Zv GZUv mvnm
I kw³ _vKv ìKvi hv‡Z K‡i Avgiv hy‡Mi Kvb a‡i cybivq Zv n‡Ki w`‡K †U‡b Avb‡Z cvwi| Giƒc
aviYv Kiv fxiæ I civwRZ †jv‡Ki KvR †h, GLb GLv‡b AgyK wRwb‡mi hLb cÖPjb n‡q‡Q, ZLb Pj
Zv‡K mZ¨ g‡b K‡i wbB|Ó
gvIjvbv AviI wK PgrKvi e‡jb
ÒAvwg gymjgvb ïay ZZÿY ch©šÍ h‡ZvÿY Avwg Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU e¨vcv‡i Bmjvgx gZev` I `„wófw½ †cvlY
Kie| G `„wófw½ hLb cwinvi Kie Ges Ab¨ †Kvb `„wófw½ I gZev‡ì cÖwZ AvK…ó ne Zvn‡j G Avgvi
AÁZv n‡e- hw` Avwg GUvB g‡b Ki‡Z _vwK †h G bZzb ¯ v‡bI Avwg gymjgvb _vKe| gymjgvb _vKv
Ae¯ vq A‣bmjvgx gZev` Aej¤^b Kiv G‡Kev‡iB A_©nxb| (H c„t 68)
Bmjvg I RvZxqZvev‡ì cv_©K¨ eySv‡Z wM‡q gvIjvbv e‡jb
ÒBmjv‡gi Pig jÿ¨ n‡”Q GKUv wek¦ ivóª cÖwZôv Kiv| Zvi g‡a¨ eskxq I RvZxq we‡Øl Ges
cÿcvwZ‡Z¡i k„•Lj wQbœ K‡i mKj gvbyl‡K mgvb AwaKvi I mgvb DbœwZi my‡hvM `v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ GKwU
mvs¯‥…wZK I ivR‣bwZK eë¯ vi Askx`vi evbv‡bv hvq| Zvici kÎæZvg~jK gyKvwejvi cwie‡Z© eÜzZ¡c~Y©
mn‡hvwMZv m„wó Kiv hvq hv‡Z K‡i †jvK G‡K Ac‡ii •elwqK mvd‡j¨ Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K DbœwZ‡Z mnvqK
n‡Z cv‡i|Ó (H c„t 67)
ÒBD‡iv‡c †h me aviYv I g~jbxwZi Dci RvZxqZvev‡ì weKvk N‡U‡Q Zv gvbeZvi G‡Kev‡i cwicš x|
Zviv gvbeZv‡K cïZ¡ eiÂ wnsmªZvi ¯Í‡i †c․uwQ‡q w`‡q‡Q| Zviv †Lv`vi hgxb‡K d¨vmv`, Ryjyg I
nZ¨vKv‡Ð cwic~Y© K‡i‡Q Ges gvbexq mf¨Zvi kvwšÍc~Y© DbœwZ‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i‡Q|Ó (H c„t 77)
Dc‡ii D×„wZ¸‡jv †_‡K G K_v my¯úó n‡q hvq †h, †m mg‡qi gymjgvb‡ì wkwÿZ gnj‡K
GKRvZxqZvi wec` †_‡K mZK© K‡i w`‡q Bmjvgx RvZxqZvi w`‡K AvK…ó Kivi R‡b¨ gvIjvbvi KZ eo
Ae`vb wQj|
gymwjg RvZxqZv
gymjgvb I eZ©gvb ivR‣bwZK msNvZ
(cÖ_g LÐ)
G MÖ‡š i f‚wgKvq gvIjvbv e‡jb,

Ò†LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨_©Zvi ci c‡b‡iv eQi hveZ gymjgvb wPšÍv I K‡g©i weåvwšÍ‡Z gMœ wQj| Zv
†`‡L gb G‡Kev‡i †f‡O †hZ| wKš‧ me©`v g‡bi g‡a¨ G aviYvB †P‡c ivLZvg †h, Ávb-eyw×, AwfÁZv,
kw³ I cÖfve iv‡Lb Ggb †jvK †Zv we`¨gvb Av‡Qb| Zuviv †Kvb bv †Kvb mg‡q cwiw¯ wZi fqvenZv
Dcjwä Ki‡eb Ges Zv `~i Kivi R‡b¨ HKë× n‡q Ggb c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡eb hv gymjgvb wn‡m‡e
Zuv‡ì MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| w`‡bi ci w`b P‡j †h‡Z _vKj, wKš‧ Avkv djeZx n‡jv bv| Ae‡k‡l
gymjgvb‡ì fv‡Mï dqmvjvi †kl mgq G‡m †Mj|
G Ae¯ vq †c․uQvi ci we‡eK e‡j DVj G PzcPvc e‡m _vKvi mgq bq| GLb Øxb I wgjøv‡Zi me‡P‡q eo
†L`gZ GB †h, gymjgvb‡ì‡K, RbmvaviY I Zv‡ì we‡kl gnj‡K I Av‡jg mgvR‡K †gvUK_v Zv‡ì
mKj‡K Hme wec‡ì cÖwZ `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z n‡e gymjgvb RvwZ wn‡m‡e †hm‡ei m¤§yLxb Avgiv n‡qwQ|
mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì‡K G K_vI ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e †h, †Zvgv‡ì †n`v‡q‡Zi cÖK…Z Drm †Lv`vi wKZve
Ges Zuvi im~‡ji (mt) mxivZ cvK| G `y‡Uv cwinvi K‡i ïay wb‡R‡ì wPšÍv I †Póv-Zèx‡ii Dci Av¯ v
†cvlY K‡i _vKv aŸs‡mi Bw½Z enb Ki‡e|
G mgMÖ Av‡jvPbvq Avgvi e³e¨ ïay Zv‡ìB Kv‡Q, hviv cÖ_‡gI gymjgvb, †k‡lI gymjgvb Ges gymjgvb
Qvov Avi wKQz bq|Ó
gvIjvbv ¯^vaxbZv k‡ãi cÖK…Z Zvrch© Gfv‡e †ck K‡ib,
ÒAvgvi Ggb ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡qvRb, hvi mvnv‡h¨ Avwg cZ‡bvb¥yL Bmjvgx kw³‡K mvgjv‡Z cvwi| Rxe‡bi
hveZxq mgm¨vejx gymjgvb wn‡m‡e mgvavb Ki‡Z cvwi Ges wn›`y¯Ívb Ôgymwjg RvwZÕ‡K GKUv ¯^vaxb RvwZ
wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z PvB|Ó
ÒAvgvi D‡Ïk¨ ïay GB †h, gymjgvb‡ì mKj `j Zv‡ì `jxq msKxY©Zv †_‡K gb cwi®‥vi K‡i weï×
Bmjvgx `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Avcb RvwZ Ges fvi‡Zi eZ©gvb Ae¯ vi cÖwZ jÿ¨ ivL‡e| Zvici Bmjvgx
gvbwmKZvmn wb‡Ri R‡b¨ gyw³i c_ Zvjvk Ki‡e|Ó
mgMÖ ivR‣bwZK Ae¯ v ch©v‡jvPbvi ci gvIjvbv e‡jb t
Ògymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨ †`‡ki Ggb ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg G‡Kev‡i nvivg hvi d‡j Bs‡iR Agymwjg‡ì nvZ
†_‡K fviZxq Agymwjg‡ì nv‡Z ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍwiZ n‡e| Zv‡ì R‡b¨ GUvI nvivg †h Zviv G n¯ÍvšÍi
wµqv PzcPvc e‡m †_‡K †`L‡e| Zv‡ì R‡b¨ GUvI nvivg †h, Zviv G n¯ÍvšÍi iæLevi R‡b¨ Bs‡iR kvmb
Kv‡qg ivLvi mnvqK n‡e| Bmjvg G wZbwU c_B Aej¤^b Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì‡K evav †`q|Ó
ÒGLb Avgiv hw` gymjgvb _vK‡Z PvB Ges fvi‡Z gymjgvb‡ì †h `y`©kv †`L‡Z cÖ¯‧Z bv nB hv †¯úb I
wmwmwj‡Z n‡qwQj, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì R‡b¨ GKwU gvÎ c_ †Lvjv i‡q‡Q| Zvn‡jv GB †h, fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv
Av‡›`vj‡bi gyL Kzdix miKv‡ii w`K †_‡K mZ¨wbô miKv‡ii w`‡K wdwi‡q †`qvi †Póv Avgiv Kie| G
D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgv‡ì‡K GK me©vZ¥K msMÖv‡gi R‡b¨ e×cwiKi n‡Z n‡e| Zvi cwiYvg mvdj¨ †nvK A_ev
g„Zz¨|Ó
Kg©cš v m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv e‡jb,
ÒAvwg g‡b Kwi G RvwZ‡K euvPv‡Z n‡j Zvi †kl my‡hvMUvB evKx i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì we‡kl gnj hZB
c_åó †nvK bv †Kb, Avgv‡ì Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ Cgv‡bi GK `wgZ AwMœwkLv we`¨gvb Av‡Q Ges GUvB
Avgvi †kl Avkvi wKiY| GUv wbe©vwcZ nIqvi c~‡e© Zvi †_‡K Avgiv A‡bK KvR wb‡Z cvwi| kZ© GB
†h, wKQz Ggb g‡`© gywgb ùvwo‡q †h‡Z n‡e hviv Lv‡jm wbq‡Zi mv‡_ †Lv`vi c‡_ wRnv` Kivi R‡b¨ •Zix
n‡e|Ó
Ks‡MÖm RInijvj †bniæi †bZ…‡Z¡ gymwjg MYms‡hvM Av‡›`vjb (Muslim Mass Contact Movement) ïiæ
K‡i| RInijvj †bniæ e‡jb †h, wb‡Ri gZev` cÖPvi Ges wecixZ aviYv †cvlYKvix‡K Zvi aviYv
cwieZ©‡b AvK…ó Kivi j‡ÿ¨ †Póv Kivi AwaKvi cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Av‡Q|
gvIjvbv Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb,
ÒAvgiv ewj †h, Avcbvi hw` G AwaKvi _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ìI cvëv cÖPv‡ii AwaKvi Aek¨B _vK‡e|
†`kc~Rv I mgvRZ‡š¿i cÖPvi Avgv‡ì g‡Z ïw× Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖPvi †_‡K c„_K wKQz bq| G msNv‡Zi
R‡b¨ hw` •Zix _v‡Kb Ges fvi‡Zi fwel¨‡Zi R‡b¨ GUv‡K g½jKi g‡b K‡ib, Zvn‡j GUv n‡e Avcbvi
Pig wbey©w×Zv|Ó
KziAvb I mxivZ cv‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gvIjvbv e‡jb,
ÒG RvwZi R‡b¨ hw` †Kvb wKQz Dc‡hvMx nq, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e Ggb GK MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb, hv ïiæ Ki‡Z
n‡e mgMÖ RvwZ‡K GKwU BwÄb g‡b K‡i| Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖmvi I msnwZi g‡a¨ †mB Abycv‡Zi cÖwZB jÿ¨
ivL‡Z n‡e, hv bex (mt) †i‡LwQ‡jb| Avcbviv hw` KuvPv I `ye©j gmjv w`‡q evjyi Dci †Kvb `vjvb
wbg©vY K‡i Zv‡K `yM© wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Zv `yN©Ubvi mqjv‡ei mvgvb¨ AvNvZI mn¨ Ki‡Z
cvi‡e bv|Ó
GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb,
ÒG †gwkb‡K †m •bwZK kw³B Pvjv‡Z cv‡i, hv mxiv‡Z gynv¤§`xi (mt) Drm †_‡K msM„nxZ| evwZj KZ…©K
fxZ, kswKZ nIqvi Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ea©gvb kw³i mvg‡b gv_v bZ Kivi `ye©jZv hv‡ì g‡a¨ cvIqv hv‡e
Ges hv‡ì GZUv `„pZv †bB †h, fqvbK So-SÅvq AUj-AwePj _vK‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡ì Øviv G †gwk‡b
†Kvb MwZ m„wó Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó
Afve wK‡mi?
ÒAfve ïay Ggb GK †bZvi Ges KwZcq Kgx©i-hviv Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wmw×i R‡b¨ wb‡R‡ì Rxeb I
cÖe„wËi jvjmv‡K DrmM© Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv‡ì AšÍi _vK‡e bvg I myL¨vwZ jv‡fi jvjmv, e¨w³MZ ¸iæZ¡ I
kª×v AR©‡bi wccvmv, ab-†`․j‡Zi †jvf Ges gybv‡dKx I wnsmvi Av¸b †_‡K eû E‡a©; hv‡ì g‡a¨
_vK‡e mZ¨‡K mgybœZ Kivi Ggb msKí †h, Zviv †Kvb Ae¯ v‡ZB wePwjZ n‡e bv Ges hv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb
†hvM¨Zv cvIqv hv‡e bv †h, Zviv bex (mvt) Ges mvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi (ivt) c‡_ k„•Ljvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i|Ó
gvIjvbvi Dc‡iv³ avivevwnK cÖeÜ¸‡jv 1938 mv‡ji ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b cÖKvwkZ nq Ges mgMÖ fvi‡Z
GK PvÂ‡jï m„wó K‡i| cÖe‡Üi †k‡li w`‡K gvIjvbv e‡jb,
Ò†Lv`vi AvB‡b cÿcvwZZ¡ †Kv_vI †bB| G AvB‡bi wecixZ †h Pj‡e Zv †m GKRb gywgb †nvK bv †Kb,
wb‡®úwlZ n‡e Ges †h e¨w³ G AvB‡bi kZ©¸‡jv c~iY Ki‡e, †m Kv‡di I gykwiK †nvK bv †Kb weRqx
n‡e|
Ò†h †Lv`v Ggb cÿcvZnxb AvBb Øviv G m„wóRM‡Zi Dci kvmb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb, Zuvi Kv‡Q hw`
Avcwb G Avkv K‡ib †h, Avcbvi g‡a¨ gywg‡bi ¸Yvejx bv _vK‡jI wZwb Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb Ges
gykwi‡Ki gyKvwejvq Avcbv‡K AwePjZv `vb Ki‡eb, †h gykwiK †Lv`vi cÖvK…wZK AvB‡bi kZ©¸‡jv
Avcbvi †P‡q †ekx fv‡jvfv‡e c~iY Ki‡Q, Zvn‡j Avwg Avcbvi †L`g‡Z ïay GZUzKz Avih Ki‡Z PvB †h,
my¯  eyw×-we‡eK Ges KziAv‡bi Ávb-G `y‡Uv †_‡K Avcwb ewÂZ i‡q‡Qb|
gymjgvb I eZ©gvb ivR‣bwZK msNvZ (wØZxq LÐ)
wn›`y-gymwjg ivR‣bwZK msNvZ µgk †e‡o P‡j| Ks‡MÖm I GKRvZxqZvi mg_©KMY gymjgvb‡ì‡K
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †U‡b †bqvi GK †Póv‡Zv gymwjg MYms‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g ïiæ K‡iwQj| Aciw`‡K
Iqva©v wkÿv c×wZ (Wardha Scheme of Education) Ges Zvi ev¯Íe fqven iƒc we`¨vgw›ì ¯‥x‡gi
gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡ì Dc‡i wn›`y mf¨Zvi cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQj| fviZxq fvlvi bv‡g wn›`x
fvlvi cÖPviYvi cÖwZ `„wó Gfv‡e †`qv ïiæ nq hv‡Z D`©y fvlv G‡Kev‡i wbwðý n‡q hvq| KviY MvÜxi
fvlvq D`y© Aviex Aÿ‡i †jLv nq| G R‡b¨ G ïay gymjgv‡bi fvlv|
Ks‡MÖ‡mi wn›`ymyjf I GKbvqKZ¡myjf AvPi‡Yi cÖwZev‡` gvIjvbv cÖeÜ †jLv ïiæ K‡ib| Ks‡MÖ‡mi Zxeª
mgv‡jvPbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ RInijvj †bniæi AvPiY, Zuvi e³…Zv I †jLvi cwjwm cÖf…wZ me wKQzi
mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| KviY, †h †f․‡MvwjK mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª MV‡bi m¤¢vebv wbwðZ n‡Z hvw”Qj Zv
RInijv‡ji wPšÍvÑaviYv I Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q dz‡U DVwQj| gymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨ Gi †P‡q AwaK gvivZ¥K
welq †m mg‡q Avi wKQz wQj bv| G mg‡q gvIjvbv †h me cÖeÜ wj‡LwQ‡jb Zvi wKQz D×„wZ wb‡gœ †`qv
n‡jv t
ÒBs‡iR kvmb hLb fvi‡Zi Dci Pvwc‡q †`qv nq, ZLb Zvi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ GK e¨vcK cwieZ©b
ïiæ nq| Avgv‡ì‡K ïaygvÎ m¤§vb I ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv †_‡K mwi‡q †`qv nqwb, eiÂ Ae¯ v Ggb n‡q
†Mj †h, Avgv‡ì Pviav‡i wPšÍvaviv, gZev` I `„wófw½, kvmbeë¯ v, ivRbxwZ †gvUK_v cÖwZwU e¯‧
Avgv‡ì mvgvwRK iæwP I Avgv‡ì RvZxq †ghvR-cÖK…wZi G‡Kev‡i cwicš x n‡Z _v‡K|Ó
cÖ_‡g Avgiv †Póv Kijvg cv_‡ii g‡Zv AUj n‡q cwieZ©b I wecø‡ei †m †mªvZavivi gyKvwejvq ewjô
f‚wgKv cvjb Kivi ...... GK kZvãx ch©šÍ Lye wb‡®úwlZ Ges •elwqK I •bwZK w`K w`‡q aŸsm nIqvi
ci Avgv‡ì ÁvbxMY Avgv‡ì‡K Avi GK cwjwm wkÿv †`b Ges Zv wQj GB †h-
Bs‡iRx wkÿv jvf K‡i Bs‡iR miKv‡ii cy‡iv KjKâv n‡q hvB|
cÖ_g cwjwm-GKkÕ eQ‡ii AwfÁZvi ci åvšÍ cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ wØZxq cwjwm mËi eQ‡ii AwfÁZvq
ïay fzjB bq, fzjI gvivZ¥K cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
GLb Avgv‡ì R‡b¨ Z…Zxq cwjwm i‡q hv‡”Q Ges Zv GB †h-
ÒG‡mv GLb ex‡ii g‡Zv jovB K‡i H KvVv‡gv †f‡O `vI Ges eva¨ Ki †h KvVv‡gv GLb †Zvgvi gbg‡Zv
†nvK.... n‡Z cv‡i †h, G‡Z †Zvgvi mvdj¨ n‡e bv, Lye m¤¢e Zzwg ¯^qs G jovB‡q †kl n‡q hv‡e| wKš‧
QvM‡ji GKkÕ eQ‡ii Rxeb †_‡K wms‡ni Rxe‡bi GKUv w`b AwaK g~jëvb|
gvIjvbv †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb-
ÒGUv n‡”Q wecøex gvbwmKZv, hv GLb Avwg gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ we‡kl K‡i hyeK‡ì g‡a¨ m„wó Ki‡Z PvB|
.... G e¨vcv‡i gvbyl‡K KwVb ch©vq AwZµg Ki‡Z nq| evB‡ii †jv‡Ki Av‡M cÖ_‡g N‡ii †jv‡Ki mv‡_
jovB Ki‡Z nq, †hgb- †Zgb jovB bq, G‡Kev‡i PZzgy©Lx jovB|
ÒZvici cyivZb wPšÍvavivi GK RMZ Av‡m| wecø‡ei AvnŸvbKvix‡K Zv †f‡O Pzigvi Ki‡Z nq| Avi
bZzb wPšÍvavivi GK RMZ _v‡K, hv Zv‡K evbv‡Z nq|Ó
wecøevZ¥K mgv‡jvPbvi e¨vcv‡i gykwKj GB †h, cyivZb cwjwmi fzjåvwšÍ I Zvi ÿwZ cÖgvY Kivi R‡b¨
†m me cwjwm †g‡b hviv P‡j Ges hviv Zv Pvjvq, Zv‡ì mgv‡jvPbv Kiv e¨ZxZ Dcvq _v‡K bv| Avi G
Ggb GK KvR hv g‡bi Dci cv_i †P‡c Ki‡Z nq|Ó
Ògymjgvb I eZ©gvb ivR‣bwZK msNvZÓ 1g L‡Ði w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i gvIjvbv e‡jb,
c~e©eZx© L‡Ð †hme cÖeÜ †ck Kiv n‡qwQj, Zv wjL‡Z wM‡q Avwg we‡kl K‡i G wel‡q jÿ¨ †i‡LwQjvg
†h, GLb ïay gvbyl‡K RvwM‡q †`qv Ges Zv‡ì gbgw¯Í®‥‡K wecø‡ei R‡b¨ •Zix Kiv cÖ‡ qvRb| Gi AwaK
Zv‡ì mn¨ n‡e bv|
wØZxq LÐ m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv e‡jb,
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D`q n‡Z _v‡K|
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wewfbœ fvlvq Zvi ZiRgv nq| ÒBmjvgx wecø‡ei c_Ó eBLvwb ZviB evsjv ZiRgv| cvVK mgvR‡K
eBLvwb covi Av‡e`b RvbvB|
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Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôv

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n‡q †M‡Q| cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb cÖKvk¨Z fviZxq gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ A`g¨ Drmvn-DÏxcbv I Avkvi mÂvi
K‡iwQj| wVK Ggb mg‡q Avi GKwU `j MV‡bi wK cÖ‡qvRb wQj- G cÖ‡kœ A‡b‡Ki g‡bB wØav-Ø›Ø m„wó
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wKQzUv cybive„wË GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Kwi| G m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv gI`~`x ¯^qs e‡jb-
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G †Kvb AvKw¯§K NUbv wQj bv †h, †Kvb GK e¨w³i g‡b nVvr GK †Lqvj Pvc‡jv †h, †m GKUv
`j evbv‡e Ges wKQz †jvK GKÎ K‡i †m GKUv `j evwb‡q †djj| eiÂ G wQj Avgvi µgvMZ evBk
eQ‡ii AwfÁZv, ch©‡eÿY, Mfxi Aa¨qb I wPšÍv-M‡elYvi dmj hv GKUv cwiKíbvi iƒc aviYv K‡i
Ges †m cwiKíbvi wfwË‡ZB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx MwVZ nq|
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gvIjvbvi ch©‡eÿY I Aa¨q‡bi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Ki‡j Rvb‡Z cviv hvq †h, †m mgq Dcgnv‡`‡ki gymwjg
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f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| ïaygvÎ G cš v Aej¤^‡bi gva¨‡gB Zviv †mme RwUjZv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cv‡i
hvi g‡a¨ Zviv GLb wbgw¾Z Av‡Q|....... G K_v Zv‡ì g‡b e×g~j K‡i w`‡Z n‡e †h, Bmjv‡gi wbR¯^
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ÔRvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi EbwÎk ermi hvcbÕ Abyôv‡b cÖ`Ë fvlY|
RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv e‡j‡Qb- Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zuvi `xN© evBk eQ‡ii wPšÍv-M‡elYvi dmj| Zuvi g‡bi
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gvbyl mKj †Lv`vqxi `vex`vi kw³¸‡jv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i GKgvÎ Avjøvn‡K wb‡Ri ÔBjvnÕ Ges GKgvÎ
iveŸyj Avjvgxb‡K wb‡Ri ÔieÕ e‡j †g‡b †b‡e..... GUvB †mB eywbqv`x ms¯‥vi-ms‡kva‡bi KvR hv
Avjøvni gnvb bexMY gvby‡li Rxe‡b K‡i‡Qb|Ó
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e„wUk ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| G D‡Ï‡k¨ 1937 mv‡j Ks‡MÖm gymjgvb‡ì MYms‡hvM Av‡›`vjb (Muslim
Mass Contact Movement) ïiæ K‡i| †m m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv e‡jb-
Ògymwjg MYms‡hvM Awfhvb ïiæ nq- hvi Kgx©evwnbx wQj gymjgvb KwgDwb÷| cwiZv‡ci welq GB †h,
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cv‡i Ges G RvwZi g‡a¨ Ggb GK MYZvwš¿K eë¯ vi cÖPjb n‡Z cv‡i- †hLv‡b msL¨vMwi‡ôi †fv‡U
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KvkgKvkÓ- Z…Zxq LÐ, Ges Ôgvmvjv‡q KIwgqZÕ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq| .... Avwg Avgvi me©kw³ G Kv‡R
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Zvic‡ii NUbv gvIjvbvi fvlvq t
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ivóª Kv‡qg Kiv DwPZ hv n‡e GKUv wgkbvix ivóª| ... G D‡Ï‡k¨ Avwg avivevwnK cÖeÜ †jLv ïiæ Kwi- hv
gymjgvb AvIi gIRy`v wmqvmx KvkgKvk Z…Zxq LÐ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|Ó
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g‡b Kijvg Zv GB †h, wb‡Ri cÿ †_‡K GKwU RvgvqvZ MVb Kiv DwPZ- hv PwiÎevb †jvK wb‡q MwVZ
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KziAv‡b ejv nq †h, huviv D³ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z c×wZ‡Z KvR Ki‡Z Pvb, Zuviv Avcb Avcb RvqMvq KvR ïiæ
Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges ms‡M ms‡M †hb Zv‡ì bvg I wVKvbv ZRy©gvb Awd‡m cvwV‡q †`qv nq hv‡Z K‡i GKUv
m‡¤§j‡bi iƒc †`qvi c_ †e‡ivq| Gfv‡e †òkÕ †jv‡Ki GKUv ZvwjKv •Zix nq Ges G ZvwjKv Abyhvqx
25†k AvM÷ cyÂ †ivW, gyeviK cv‡K© Aew¯ Z ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb Kvh©vj‡q Zuv‡ì‡K Dcw¯ Z nIqvi R‡b¨
`vIqvZbvgv cvVv‡bv nq| Z`byhvqx mviv fviZ †_‡K cuPvËiRb g‡`© gywgb jv‡nvi Dcw¯ Z nb| Zuv‡ì
g‡a¨ GgbI A‡bK wQ‡jb- huviv wbR wbR ¯ v‡b Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi kvLv Kv‡qg K‡iwQ‡jb Ges KziAvb-
nv`xm Av‡jvPbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ mvßvwnK •eVKI Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb| Gme ¯ vb †_‡K Zuv‡ì cÖwZwbwa jv‡nvi
m‡¤§j‡b kixK nb| ej‡Z †M‡j gvbwmK w`K w`‡q Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Av‡M †_‡KB Kv‡qg wQj Ges †Kvb
my¯úó †K›`ªxq msMVb e¨wZ‡i‡KB Zvi kvLv¸‡jv ¯ v‡b ¯ v‡b Kg©Zrci wQj|
m‡¤§j‡bi KvR 26†k AvM÷ mKvj AvUUvq ïiæ nq| gvIjvbv gI`~`x mg‡eZ †gngvb‡ì mvg‡b †h
D‡Øvabx fvlY †`b, Zvi mvivsk wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv-
ÒGK mgq wQj hLb Avwg ¯^qs MZvbyMwZK I eskvbyµwgK a‡g© wek¦vmx wQjvg I Zvi Dci Avgj
KiZvg| hLb Ávb n‡jv, ZLb g‡b n‡jv- wbQK G ai‡bi
(†h KvR evc-`v`v‡K Ki‡Z †`‡LwQ) - AbymiY A_©nxb| †kl ch©šÍ Avjøvni †KZve I ivm~‡ji mybœv‡Zi
cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡ek Kijvg| Bmjvg bZzb K‡i eySjvg Ges Cgvb Avbjvg| Zvici µgk Bmjv‡gi mvgwMÖK
I we¯ÍvwiZ eë¯ v Rvbvi I eySvi †Póv Kijvg| Zvici hLb Avjøvn Zvqvjv Avgvi gb‡K Gw`K †_‡K
G‡Kev‡i wbwðšÍ I wbwðZ K‡i w`‡jb, ZLb †h m‡Zï Dci Avwg ¯^qs Cgvb Avbjvg Zvi `vIqvZ
A‡bï Kv‡Q †`qvI ïiæ Kijvg Ges G D‡Ï‡k¨ ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb Pvjy Kwi|
cÖ_g KwU eQi g‡bi wØav-Ø›Ø `~i Ki‡Z Ges Øx‡bi GKUv my¯úó aviYv †ck Ki‡ZB †K‡U †Mj| Zvici
Øxb‡K GKUv Av‡›`vj‡bi AvKv‡i Pvjy Kivi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kwi| G e¨vcv‡i cÖ_g c`‡ÿc wQj Ô`viæj
BmjvgÕ ms¯ vi cÖwZôv| GUv n‡qwQj 1938 mv‡j| ZLb PviRb gvÎ Avgvi mnKgx© wQ‡jb| G †QvU
m~PbvwU ZLb AZ¨šÍ bMY¨ g‡b Kiv n‡qwQj| wKš‧ Avjnvg`y wjjøvn, Avgiv nZvk n‡q cwowb| Bmjvgx
Av‡›`vj‡bi w`‡K `vIqvZ †`qvi Ges gbgw¯Í®‥ RvMÖZ Kivi KvR µgvMZ Ki‡Z _vwK| †`‡ki wewfbœ
As‡k mggbv †jv‡Ki †QvU †QvU Pµ Mo‡Z _v‡K| AZtci Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖfve ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi ci g‡b
n‡jv †h, GLb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx MVb Kivi Ges Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb msMwVZfv‡e ïiæ Kivi R‡b¨
cwi‡ek m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges wØZxq c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi G n‡”Q Dc‡hvMx mgq| ZviB wfwË‡Z G m‡¤§jb AvnŸvb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi KvR
gvIjvbv Zuvi D‡Øvabx fvl‡Y Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb I Ab¨vb¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb
t
Ògymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ mvaviYZ †hme Av‡›`vjb AZx‡Z P‡j‡Q, †mme †_‡K Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi †g․wjK
cv_©K¨ wK, ZvB me©cÖ_‡g Avgv‡ì fv‡jv K‡i †R‡b ivLv ìKvi|
ÒcÖ_gZ, nq‡Zv Bmjv‡gi †Kvb Askwe‡kl‡K A_ev cvw_©e †Kvb D‡Ïk¨‡K wfwË K‡i Gme Av‡›`vjb
cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‧ Avgv‡ì G Av‡›`vjb Pj‡e cwic~Y© Bmjvg‡K wb‡q|
ÒwØZxqZ, G‡ì `jxq msMVb Ab¨vb¨ `j¸‡jvi c×wZ‡Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ Avgiv †mB `jxq msMVb
eë¯ v Aej¤^b KiwQ, hv cÖ_‡g im~jyjøvni (mt) cÖwZwôZ `‡ji wQj|
ÒZ…ZxqZ, Gme `‡j hLb †Kvb †jvK fwZ© Kiv nq, ZLb G aviYvi ekeZx© n‡q Kiv nq †h, †m Aek¨
cÖK…Z gymjgvbB n‡e| Gi dj GB n‡q‡Q †h, `‡ji mf¨ I Kgx© †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i †bZv ch©šÍ Ggb A‡bK
†jvK Gme `‡j AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q †h, Pwi‡Îi w`K w`‡q Zviv †gv‡UB wbf©i‡hvM¨ bq Ges †Kvb `vwqZ¡
cvj‡bi †hvMÏ bq| wKš‧ Avgiv Avgv‡ì `j KvD‡K G aviYvq MÖ nY Kwi bv ev Kie bv †h, †m ÔcÖK…Z
gymjgvbBÕ n‡e| eiÂ †m hLb Kv‡jgv‡q ZvB‡qevi A_©, gg© I Zuvi `vex †R‡b-ey‡S Zvi Dci Cgvb
Avbvi A½xKvi K‡i ZLbB Zv‡K `‡j MÖnY Kwi| †hvM`vb K‡i `‡ji m`m¨ n‡q _vKvi R‡b¨ kZ© n‡”Q
GB †h, Cgvb †hme me©wbgœ `vex K‡i Zv Zv‡K c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e BbkvAvjøvn gymjgvb RvwZi ga¨
†_‡K ïaygvÎ mr e¨w³B QuvPvB n‡q G `‡j †hvM`vb Ki‡e|
Ò`ywbqv‡Z Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi R‡b¨ Kivi †h KvR i‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© †Kvb mxwgZ aviYv g‡bi g‡a¨
†cvlY Ki‡eb bv| .... Zvi Kv‡Ri cwiwai g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q c~Y© cÖmviZvmn †MvUv gvbeRxeb| Bmjvg mKj
gvby‡li R‡b¨ Ges †hme e¯‧i mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK© Bmjv‡gi mv‡_I †mm‡ei m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| AZGe
Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb GK me©e¨vcx Av‡›`vj‡bi bvg|
Òhviv Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡e, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki G K_v fv‡jv K‡i ey‡S †bqv ìKvi †h,
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi mvg‡b †h KvR i‡q‡Q Zv †hgb-†Zgb KvR bq| `ywbqvi †MvUv eë¯ v Zv‡K e`wj‡q
w`‡Z n‡e| `ywbqvi bxwZ-•bwZKZv, ivRbxwZ, mf¨Zv-ms¯‥…wZ, A_©bxwZ, mgvRbxwZ-cÖwZwU e¯‧ cwieZ©b
K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| †Lv`v‡`ªvwnZvi Dc‡i †h eë¯ v `ywbqvq Kv‡qg i‡q‡Q, Zv e`wj‡q Zv †Lv`vi AvbyM ‡Zï
Dc‡i Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡e| G Kv‡R mKj kqZvwb kw³i weiæ‡× Zvi msMÖvg cÖwZwU c`‡ÿ‡ci c~‡e©
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K fv‡jv K‡i ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e †h, †m †Kvb KÈKgq c‡_ cv evov‡”Q|Ó ..... me©‡k‡l gvIjvbv
e‡jb-
ÒAvwg ïaygvÎ GKRb AvnŸvqK wQjvg| fz‡j hvIqv meK ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`qvi †Póv KiwQjvg Ges Avgvi
mKj †PóvPwi‡Îi jÿ¨ GB wQj †h, GKUv Rvgvqv‡Zi eë¯ vcbv n‡q hvK| RvgvqvZ MwVZ nIqvi ci
Avwg Avcbv‡ìB g‡Zv GKRb| Bmjvgx Rvgvqv‡Zi Aax‡b Avwg GKRb| GKUv A‣bmjvgx Rvgvqv‡Zi
mfvcwZ Ges cÖavbgš¿xi c`gh©v`v †_‡K A‡bK †ekx †M․i‡ei g‡b Kwi G Rvgvqv‡Zi †L`gZ Kiv|Ó
Rvgvqv‡Zi MVbZš¿ Aby‡gv`b
D‡Øvabx fvl‡Yi ci gvIjvbv gI`~`x Rvgvqv‡Zi MVbZ‡š¿i Lmov cvV Kiv ïiæ K‡ib| MVbZ‡š¿i
Qvcv‡bv Kwc mKj‡K c~e©v‡ýB cwi‡ekb Kiv nq| m‡¤§j‡b Zvi GK GKwU kã cov nq Ges Zvi Dci
Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM †`qv nq| we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi ci mÜ¨v bvMv` wKQz ms‡kvabxmn MVbZš¿ me©m¤§wZµ‡g
M„nxZ nq|
MVbZš¿ M„nxZ nIqvi ci gvIjvbv gI`~`x me©cÖ_g ùvwo‡q Kv‡jgv kvnv`vZ
cvV K‡i e‡jb, ÒfvBme, Avcbviv mvÿx _vKzb, Avwg bZzb K‡i Cgvb AvbwQ Ges Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡Z
kixK nw”Q|Ó
Zvici mg‡eZ †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ mK‡jB GK GK K‡i Kv‡jgv cvV K‡i bZzb K‡i Cgv‡bi †NvlYv Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki †PvL w`‡q AkÖæ SiwQj, A‡b‡K †Zv Kvbœvq G‡Kev‡i †f‡O cowQ‡jb| Kv‡jgv
D”PviY Kivi mgq `vwq‡Z¡i Abyf~wZ‡Z mK‡ji g‡a¨ K¤úb †`Lv hvw”Qj| mK‡ji Kv‡jgv kvnv`vZ cv‡Vi
ci gvIjvbv gI`~`x †NvlYv K‡ib, GLb RvgvqvZ MwVZ n‡q †Mj| Avmyb, Avgiv mK‡j iveŸyj
Avjvgx‡bi ìev‡i †`vqv Kwi wZwb †hb RvgvqvZ‡K `„p I AwePj iv‡Lb Ges Avgv‡ì‡K Zuvi †KZve I
im~‡ji mybœvZ Abyhvqx Pjvi ZvIdxK `vb K‡ib|
Rvgvqv‡Zi bvgKiY Kiv n‡jv- ÒRvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wn›`Ó|
ciw`b A_©vr †Zm&iv kvevb-Bs 27†k AvM÷, mKvj AvUUvq cybivq m‡¤§j‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| RvgvqvZ
MwVZ n‡q‡Q wKš‧ Zvi m¤ú‡K© m`m¨‡ì mvg‡b gvIjvbv gI`~`x Zuvi `„wófw½ cÖKvk K‡i e‡jb-
ÒAvgxi wbe©vP‡bi e¨vcv‡i Avcbv‡ì‡K GKUv wel‡q we‡kl jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h, †h e¨w³ Avgxi c`cÖv_x©
n‡eb, Zuv‡K wKQz‡ZB wbe©vwPZ Kiv hv‡e bv| .... e¨w³i cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi mg_©b I cÖwZiÿvi mKj cÖKvi
Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZ gb †_‡K gy‡Q †d‡j wbi‡cÿ gb wb‡q †`Lyb †h, Avcbvi Rvgvqv‡Z †K Ggb e¨w³
Av‡Qb-huvi ZvKIqv, KziAvb I mybœvni Ávb, Øxbx `~i`wk©Zv, wPšÍvfvebv I Kjv‡K․kj Ges Avjøvni c‡_
`„pZv I AwePjZv cÖf…wZi Dc‡i Avcwb me‡P‡q †ekx Av¯ v ¯ vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|Ó
G K_v ejvi ci Avgxi wbe©vPb wb‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nq| Av‡jvPbvq wZb cÖKv‡ii AwfgZ e¨³
Kiv nq t
GK-†Kvb Avgxi wbe©vPb bv K‡i K‡qK e¨w³‡K wb‡q GKUv KwgwU Kiv †nvK, hv eë¯ vcbv I c_-
wb‡`©kbvi KvR Ki‡e|
`yB-AvcvZZ KvD‡K wbw`©óKv‡ji R‡b¨ A¯ vqx Avgxi wbe©vwPZ Kiv †nvK|
wZb-Avgxi wbe©vPb GLbB Ki‡Z n‡e Awbw`©óKv‡ji R‡b¨|
†Kvb GKwU AwfgZ m¤ú‡K© GKgZ n‡Z bv †c‡i wb‡gœi mvZ e¨w³‡K wb‡q GKwU KwgwU Kiv n‡jv t
gvIjvbv gb&hyi †bvgvbx, mvB‡q` wmeMvZzjøvn, mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Rvdi dzjIqvix, bvhxiæj nK wgivVx, wg¯¿x
gynv¤§` wmÏxK, Wvt mvB‡q` bvhxi Avjx Ges gynv¤§` Be‡b Avjx Djyfx|
KwgwU wek` Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi ci me©m¤§wZµ‡g iæKb‡ì mvg‡b wbgœ mycvwik †ck K‡ib t
webv Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe wgqv` wbw`©ó bv K‡iB Avgxi wbe©vPb Kiv †nvK|
G mycvwi‡ki wfwË‡Z gvIjvbv gI`~`x me©m¤§wZµ‡g Avgxi wbe©vwPZ nb|
Avgxi wbe©vwPZ nIqvi ci Zuvi cÖ_g fvl‡Y wZwb e‡jb,
Avwg Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ AwaKZi Bjg I ZvKIqvi AwaKvix bB| wKš‧ hLb G †evSv Avgvi Dci Pvcv‡bv
n‡q‡Q, ZLb Avwg Avjøvni Zvqvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Kie †hb wZwb Avgv‡K `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi ZvIdxK `vb
K‡ib| Rvgvqv‡Zi k„•Ljv I Zvi Avgvb‡Zi Avwg †ndvRZ Kie| Avkv KiwQ †h, h‡Zvw`b Avwg mwVK
c‡_ _vK‡ev Avcbviv Avgvi mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb Ges hw` Avwg fzj Kwi, Zvn‡j Avgv‡K ms‡kvab K‡i
†`‡eb| me©`v Avwg †hvM¨Zi †jv‡Ki Zvjvk Kie| Ggb †jvK †c‡j AvwgB cÖ_‡g Zv‡K mvg‡b GwM‡q
†è| Avgvi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ G D‡Ï‡k¨B Ges Avgv‡K G c‡_B Pj‡Z n‡e| Avi †KD PjyK ev bv PjyK
Avgv‡K G c‡_B Pj‡Z n‡e|
Aek¨ Avwg G R‡b¨ †gv‡UB cÖ¯‧Z bB †h, G KvR Pvjvevi R‡b¨ hw` Ab¨ †KD GwM‡q bv Av‡m, Zvn‡j
AvwgI GwM‡q Avme bv| G Av‡›`vjb †Zv Avgvi Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨| G Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ Avi †KD bv
wb‡j Avgv‡KB wb‡Z n‡e| †KD Avgvi mnhvÎx bv n‡j Avwg GKvB G c‡_ Pj‡ev| †MvUv `ywbqv HKë×
n‡q Avgvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡j Avwg GKvKx Zvi gyKvwejv Ki‡Z wØav‡eva Kie bv|Ó
e³…Zvi †k‡l gvIjvbv e‡jb-
ÒwdKvn I Kvjvg kv¯¿ m¤ú‡K© Avwg hv wKQz wj‡LwQ Ges fwel¨‡Z wjLe-Zv Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi wm×všÍ
wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡e bv| eiÂ Zv n‡e Avgvi e¨w³MZ AwfgZ| Avwg PvB bv †h, Gme wel‡q Avgvi wb‡Ri
AwfgZ‡K Ab¨v‡bï Dci Pvwc‡q †`qv †nvK| Avi bv Rvgvqv‡Zi cÿ †_‡K Ggb †Kvb evavwb‡la Avgvi
Dci Av‡ivc Kiv †nvK †h, †Kvb wel‡qi Dci eyw×e„wËK M‡elYv Ges Zv cÖKv‡ki Avgvi ¯^vaxbZv †K‡o
†bqv n‡e|
ÒRvgvqv‡Zi iæKb‡ì‡K Avwg †Lv`v‡K mvÿx †i‡L G K_v ejwQ †h, †KD †hb †dKvn I Kvjvg m¤úwK©Z
Avgvi †Kvb Dw³ A‡bï Kv‡Q P‚ovšÍ `jxj-cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck bv K‡ib| whwb KziAvb-mybœvni Bj‡gi
AwaKvix, wZwb Zuvi wb‡Ri wPšÍv-M‡elYv I ZË¡vbymÜv‡bi wfwË‡Z Avgj Ki‡eb Ges hvi G m¤ú‡K© †Kvb
Ávb †bB, wZwb huvi cÖwZ Av¯ v iv‡Lb Zuvi wPšÍv-M‡elYv I ZË¡vbymÜv‡bi Dci Avgj Ki‡eb| Gme
e¨vcv‡i Avgvi mv‡_ wØgZ †cvlY Kivi Ges ¯^vaxb gZvgZ e¨³ Kivi c~Y© AwaKvi mK‡ji _vK‡e|Ó
G e³…Zvi ci gvIjvbv Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖ_g gRwj‡m k~ivi wbe©vPb m¤úbœ K‡ib| wb‡gœi e¨w³MY
k~iv m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb t
01| gvIjvbv gbhyi †bvgvbx, †e‡ijx|
02| gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx, mivBgxi|
03| gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb Avjx b`fx, jv‡ÿè․|
04| gvIjvbv Rvdi dzjIqvix|
05| Rbve bvhxiæj nK- wgivVx|
06| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx Kv›`vjfx- wkqvj‡KvU|
07| gvIjvbv Ave`yj Avhxh kvKx©- RjÜi|
08| Rbve bmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh-jv‡nvi|
09| †P․ayix gynv¤§` AvKei- wkqvj‡KvU|
10| Wvt mvB‡q` bvhxi Avjx- Gjvnvev`|
11| wg¯¿x gynv¤§` wmÏxK|
12| gvIjvbv Ave`yj RveŸvi MvRx|
13| gvIjvbv AvZvDjøvn †evLvix-ev‡KiMÄ|
14| Rbve KvgiæÏxb Lvb-jv‡nvi|
15| gynv¤§` web Avjx Djyfx|
16| gynv¤§` BDmyd-f‚cvj|
Hw`b A_©vr 4Vv kvevb-Bs 28†k AvM÷, gRwj‡m k~ivi wbe©vP‡bi ci wbgœwjwLZ wefvM¸‡jv †Lvjv nq t
wkÿv wefvM, †K›`ªxq ZiweqZ wefvM, cÖPvi wefvM, mvsMVwbK wefvM, evqZzjgvj, `vIqvZ I ZvejxM
wefvM|
5B kvevb gyZv‡eK 29†k AvM÷ m‡¤§j‡bi †kl w`‡b wbgœwjwLZ wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq t
0 Rvgvqv‡Zi weiæ‡× åvšÍ aviYv `~i Kivi R‡b¨ I `vIqvZ cÖmv‡ii R‡b¨ cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖeÜvw`
wjL‡Z n‡e|
0 Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb m‡¤§jb cÖwZeQi n‡e|
0 Rvgvqv‡Zi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ †jv‡Ki GKwU cÖwZwbwa`j eQ‡i AšÍZ GKevi †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj
mdi K‡i wkÿv cÖwZôvb, AvÄygvb, Øxbx gv`ªvmv I wek¦we`¨vjq ch©šÍ Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ †c․uQvevi †Póv
Ki‡e|
0 GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ

Avjøvni wcÖq bexMY Zuv‡ì RvwZi mvg‡b Ges †kl bex mgMÖ gvbe RvwZi mvg‡b †h `vIqvZ †ck
K‡i‡Qb Zvi Abymi‡YB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx mgMÖ gvbe RvwZ‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvq, Zv wbgœiƒc t
gvbemgv‡Ri wbK‡U mvaviYfv‡e Ges gymjgvb‡ì wbK‡U we‡klfv‡e
0 Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î †Lv`vi `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨ I †kl bexi †bZ…Z¡ ¯^xKvi Ki|
0 eY©‡Pviv g‡bvfve I gybv‡dKx Z¨vM Ki Ges †Lv`vi mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK Ki bv|
0 †Lv`vwegyL, Amr I PwiÎnxb †jvK‡K mgv‡Ri mKj †bZ…Z¡ I KZ…©Z¡ †_‡K mwi‡q `vI Ges
Cgvb`vi, PwiÎevb I †hvM¨ †jvK‡ì nv‡Z ÿgZv b¨¯Í Ki †hb Rxeb wVK †Lv`vi c‡_ PvwjZ nq|
G `vIqvZ mZ¨ e‡j wek¦vm Ki‡j Avgv‡ì mv‡_ kvwgj nb| †Lv`vi wbKU Gi cyi¯‥vi Aek¨B cv‡eb|
†h e¨w³ G Kv‡R evav †`‡e, †m †hb †Lv`vi wbKU Revew`wni R‡b¨ cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K|
†gvUK_v, Avjøvni bexMY †h wgkb wb‡q `ywbqvq G‡mwQ‡jb Ges hvi c~Y©v½ weKvk N‡UwQj †kl bex nhiZ
gynv¤§` gy¯Ívdvi (mt) Øviv, Rvgvqv‡Z BmjvgxI †m wgkb wb‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q| A_©vr gvbeRxe‡bi cÖwZwU
wefv‡M-wkÿv-`xÿv, wkíKjv, mf¨Zv-ms¯‥…wZ‡Z, mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK I ivR‣bwZK Rxe‡b, ivóª
cwiPvjbvq I hy×-mwÜ‡Z, eëmv-evwYR¨ I Awdm-Av`vj‡Z Ges AvšÍR©vwZK †ÿ‡Î GKgvÎ †Lv`viB
AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e-GB n‡”Q Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi jÿ¨| G‡KB ejv n‡q‡Q ÒBKvg‡Z ØxbÓ ev Avjøvni
Øxb Bmjv‡gi c~Y© cÖwZôv|
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Bmjv‡gi cÖZxK n‡eb Ges Zvi wkÿvi c~Y© AbymiY Ki‡eb| Zuviv N‡i _vKzb, nv‡U-evRv‡i _vKzb A_ev
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kªwgK Ges mvaviY bvMwiK‡ì g‡a¨ Qwo‡q w`‡Z nq, Zvn‡j RbM‡Yi wbKUZi nevi †Póv Kiæb| KvR
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fv‡jvevmv I mnvbyf‚wZi mv‡_ Ges †`Lyb mgvb †Pv‡L| Zv‡ì wec`-Avc‡` cv‡k wM‡q ùvovb Ges Zv‡ì
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RvgvqvZ-Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ Gme ¸Yvejx m„wói †Póv K‡ib|
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Bmjvwgqv‡Zi Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e KvR Kivi R‡b¨ Zuv‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvb| gvIjvbv Zuv‡ì Aby‡iva iÿv
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n‡q Zuvi fvlY ïb‡Zb| Zvi d‡j eûmsL¨K †jvK Bmjvgx Rxebhvcb Aej¤^b K‡ib| KziAvb-nv`xm I
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gvIjvbv GK eQi hver webv cvwikªwg‡K Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbvi KvR K‡ib| G mgqUv wQj Zuvi
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Z_¨c~Y© cÖeÜvw` cvV K‡ib| Aciw`‡K Am¤¢e ai‡bi †jLvcovi KvR K‡ib| Ae¯ v Ggb wQj †h, Gkvi
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gynv¤§` gy¯Ívdvi (mt) Øviv, Rvgvqv‡Z BmjvgxI †m wgkb wb‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q| A_©vr gvbeRxe‡bi cÖ wZwU
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n‡q Zuvi fvlY ïb‡Zb| Zvi d‡j eûmsL¨K †jvK Bmjvgx Rxebhvcb Aej¤^b K‡ib| Kz iAvb-nv`xm I
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cÖmv‡ii R‡b¨ AwZwi³ c`‡ÿc MÖnY| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb w`jøx , AvjxMo, Gjvnvev` mivBgxi, jv‡ÿè․ I
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bvgv‡hi ci cov I †jLvi KvR ïiæ Ki‡Zb Ges dRi c‡o wKQz mgq wekª vg Ki‡Zb| ighvb gv‡m
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cÖwZeQi AšÍZc‡ÿ `yÕGK gv‡mi R‡b¨ †K‡›`ª G‡m Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ Ae¯ vb Ki‡eb Ges Zuv ‡ì
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A‡±vei gv‡m gvIjvbv gI`~`x, Avgxi Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wn›` Zuvi cÖ_ g msMVb I `vIqvZx md‡i †ei
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cÖwZeQi AšÍZc‡ÿ `yÕGK gv‡mi R‡b¨ †K‡›`ª G‡m Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ Ae¯ vb Ki‡eb Ges Zu v‡ì
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Bmjv‡gi cÖZxK n‡eb Ges Zvi wkÿvi c~Y© AbymiY Ki‡eb| Zuviv N‡i _vKz b, nv‡U-evRv‡i _vKzb A_ev
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hw` †Kvb e¨w³MZ Av‡µvk ev Amš‧wó _v‡K, Zvn‡j Rvgvqv‡Zi Nv‡o bv Pvwc‡q e¨w³i Kv‡QB mxwgZ
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msMVb I Ziweq‡Zi KvRB wQj G mg‡q AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mggbv †jvK‡ì msMwVZ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì‡K
Bmjvgx RvgvqvZ I g~jbxwZ Abyhvqx cÖwkÿY `vb K‡i Bmjvgx wecø‡ei R‡b¨ M‡o †ZvjvB wQj G mg‡qi
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Awf‡hvM LÐb Ki‡ZB AwZevwnZ nq|
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m‡›`n-mskq e¨³ K‡i gvIjvbvi wbK‡U GK `xN© cÎ †j‡Lb Ges Zv cÖKvk Ki‡ZI wb‡la K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Awf‡hvMKvixi bvg D‡jøL bv K‡i Zvi Reve †`b, hv 1941 mv‡ji ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi wZb
gv‡mi GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ msL¨vq †ei nq| (MÖ‡š i cwiwkó `ªóe¨)
gRwj‡m k~ivi Riæix •eVK
wm×všÍ Abyhvqx 1942 mv‡ji gv‡P© Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nIqvi K_v| wKš‧ wek¦hy‡×i
D‡ØMRbK Ae¯ vq m‡¤§jb m¤¢e bq e‡j g‡b Kiv nq Ges Zvi ¯ ‡j gRwj‡m k~ivi Riæix •eVK AvnŸvb
Kiv nq| G •eV‡K wbgœwjwLZ m`m¨MY †hvM`vb K‡ib t
01| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gbhyi †bvugvbx, †e‡ijx|
04| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvdi dzjIqvix, Kvcyi_vjv|
05| Rbve bvhxiæj nK wgivVx, BDwc|
06| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx KvÜjfx, wkqvj‡KvU|
07| gvIjvbv Ave`yj Avhxh kvKx©, RjÜi|
08| gvwjK bmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh, jv‡nvi|
09| †P․ayix gynv¤§` AvKei, jvqvjcyi|
10| Wvt mvB‡q` bvhxi Avjx, Gjvnvev`|
11| wg¯¿x gynv¤§` wmÏxK, myjZvbcyi jywa|
12| gvIjvbv Ave`yj RveŸvi MvRx, w`jøx|
13| Rbve AvZvDjøvn ewikvj, evsjv|
14| Rbve KvgviæÏxb Lvb|
15| Rbve gynv¤§` web Avjx Djyfx|
16| Rbve gynv¤§` BDmyd, f‚cvj|
G •eVK 26, 27 I 28 †k †deªæqvix wZbw`b AbywôZ nq| G‡Z Rvgvqv‡Zi GjvKv wfwËK Kv‡Ri
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R‡b¨ mvwnZ¨ cvV I cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| †Lv`vi Kv‡Q Zuv‡ì K…Z Iqv`v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`qv DwPZ
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Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k †`qv DwPZ wQj| AZGe G wm×všÍ nq †h, ¯ vbxq Rvgvqv‡Zi AvgxiMY cÖwZeQi AšÍZ
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cÖ‡qvRbxq ZiweqZ MÖnY Ki‡eb| GUvI wm×všÍ nq †h, my¯  we‡eKeyw×m¤úbœ DrK…ó gv‡bi wKQz †jvK
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G k~ivq G wm×všÍI nq †h, AvR ch©šÍ Rvgvqv‡Zi MVbZ‡š¿i Dci wewfbœ gnj †_‡K hv wKQz AvcwË
DÌvcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Av‡jv‡K ms‡kvwaZ MVbZš¿ •Zix K‡i cÖKvk Kiv n‡e| k~iv G gZ e¨³ K‡i †h,
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Aciw`‡K Pvi cv‡ki GjvKv Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb cwikªg K‡i GKwU Av`k© Rbc` evbv‡bv hvq Ges
`vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi R‡b¨ Kgx©‡ì Kg©‡K›`ª n‡q c‡o|
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cv‡i|
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gZcv_©K¨ I Zvi mgvavb
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G •eVK w`jøx‡Z Pviw`b ch©šÍ P‡j Ges †ZiRb m`m¨ †hvM`vb K‡ib| KwZcq m`m¨ Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ
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gvIjvbvi †jevm-†cvkvK I Ni‡`vi nv‡gkv _vK‡Zv cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ, ZKZ‡K, SKS‡K| wPivPwiZ
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gvby‡li g‡b eo `vM Kv‡U| ZvB RvgvqvZ GK msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb nq|
gvIjvbv wb‡gœi wZbwU weKí cÖ¯Íve k~ivi mvg‡b iv‡Lb t
GK-Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ c`Z¨vM Ki‡eb Ges Ab¨ KvD‡K Avgxi wbe©vwPZ Kiv n‡e| A_ev
`yB- wZb PviR‡bi GKwU †cÖwmwWqvg MVb K‡i KvR Pvjv‡bv n‡e| A_ev
wZb- RvgvqvZ †f‡½ †`qv n‡e Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡K e¨w³Zfv‡e KvR Ki‡e|
Bgvi‡Zi Rb¨ weKí †Kvb †hvM¨ †jvK bv _vKvq cÖ_g cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv nq| wØZxq cÖ¯ÍvewUI GR‡b¨
evwZj Kiv nq †h, Zv kwiq‡Zi w`K w`‡qI Rv‡qh bq-
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Ges ev¯Í‡e Zv m¤¢eI bq|
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cwinvi K‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv †NvlYv K‡ib| PviRb gvÎ GKgZ n‡Z bv †c‡i RvgvqvZ
cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| Zuviv n‡jb- (1) gvIjvbv gbhyi †bvgvbx, m¤úv`K, Avj-dziKvb, (2) gvIjvbv mvB‡q`
gynv¤§` dzjIqvifx, Kvcyi_vjv, (3) Rbve KvgiæÏxb Lvb, jv‡nvi Ges (4) Rbve AvZvDjøvn Lvb,
cUzqvLvjx, ewikvj| Zvici †Kvb †Kvb gnj †_‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi we‡ivwaZv _vK‡jI †h Avf¨šÍixY wec‡ì
†gN R‡g D‡VwQj Zv †K‡U hvq|
mvsMVwbK Kv‡Ri ch©v‡jvPbv
msKU †K‡U hvIqvi ci bZzb Drmv‡n KvR Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges cieZx© Kv‡Ri d‡j 1963 mv‡ji GwcÖj
ch©šÍ iæKb msL¨v mvZkÕ ch©šÍ †c․u‡Q hvq| cvÄve, BDwc, wenvi, `vwÿYvZ¨ Ges gv`ªv‡R Rvgvqv‡Zi
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Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ †c․uQv‡bv m¤¢e nq Ges kZKiv `kRb G `vIqv‡Zi Øviv cÖfvweZ nq| `vIqv‡Zi
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¯ vbxq fvlvq wKQz mvwnZ¨ iPbv Kiv nq|
gnvhy× Av‡›`vj‡bi weivU cÖwZeÜK
wØZxq gnvhy‡× mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK I ivR‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði cwi‡ek AZ¨šÍ mxwgZ I Kómva¨ K‡i
w`‡qwQj| hvbevnb cÖvq †mbvevwnbxi PjvP‡ji R‡b¨ eëüZ n‡Zv e‡j mdi Kiv AZ¨šÍ KóKi Ges
A‡bK mgq Am¤¢e n‡q c‡owQj| wewfbœ ¯ v‡b mdi K‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi msMVb I `vIqvZ Qovevi KvR cÖvq
eÜ n‡q c‡owQj| Kgx© msL¨vI wQj Aí| huviv Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv¸Zx kvm‡bi A_©‣bwZK
cwjwm Zv‡ì RxbhvÎv AwZô K‡iwQj|
mvaviY ga¨weË †kªYxi †jvKB Gw`‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvi‡Zv| hv‡ì g‡a¨ ivRbxwZ Kivi Awfjvl wQj,
Zviv G wbim-weim `vIqv‡Zi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`qvi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‧Z wQj bv| KviY AvMÖn m„wói Ab¨vb¨ eû
†ÿÎ wQj| hv‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz †hvM¨Zv wQj Ges hviv Zv¸Zx kvm‡bi weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡i Avjøvni
AvbyM‡Zï c‡_ AvmwQj, Zv‡ì †hvM¨ZvI cy‡ivcywi weKwkZ I myweb¨¯Í nIqvi gyLv‡cÿx wQj| Zviv G
cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q cÖwkÿY I myweb¨v‡mi ¯Íi AwZµg KiwQj|
Ggb GK KwVb mg‡q GKwU cÖwZwôZ Zv¸Zx kvmb eë¯ v‡K P¨v‡jÄ Kiv n‡qwQj| ZLb Ae¯ v Ggb
n‡qwQj †h, md‡ii R‡b¨ c_ LiP, wPwVcÎ †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq WvKwUwKU msMÖn Kiv, gy`‡ª Yi R‡b¨
KvMR Ges Øxb cÖPv‡ii †g․wjK Dcvq-DcKi‡Yi GK `ywf©ÿ weivR KiwQj| Gfv‡e GKPwjø‡ki AvM÷
†_‡K †ZZvwjø‡ki †m‡Þ¤î ch©šÍ &GK Pig msKUKvj wQj| Gmg‡q gvgywj wPwVc‡Îi gva¨‡g c_wb‡`©k
†`qv n‡Zv|
G‡K †Zv cÖwZwU Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖv_wgKKvj GgbB n‡q _v‡K e‡j Rvgvqv‡Z BmjvgxiI n‡qwQj|
Z`ycywi wØZxq wek¦hy× cÖwZwU e¯‧‡K `y®cÖvc¨ K‡iwQj Ges Dcvq-DcKi‡Yi c_ eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQj|
GR‡b¨ Ggb KwVb Ae¯ vq Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡_ Avmvi R‡b¨ Hme †jvK cÖ¯‧Z n‡Z cvi‡Zv bv, hv‡ì jÿ¨
wQj Rxeb-RxweKvi R‡b¨ wb‡R‡ì‡K •Zix Kiv (To build Career)| GR‡b¨ g‡`© gywg‡bi `y®cÖvc¨Zv
wQj| Ggb cwiw¯ wZ‡Z Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ wbwLj fvi‡Zi Avgxi nIqv m‡Ë¡I `kR‡bi KvR GKvKxB m¤úbœ
Ki‡Zb| ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi m¤úv`bv, cÖeÜvw` iPbv, wPwVcÎ †jLv, e³…Zv-wee„wZ `vb, `vi‡m KziAvb,
msMVb, `viæj Bmjv‡gi ZË¡veavb, †gngvb`vix-hveZxq KvR Zuv‡K GKvKx Ges wbR nv‡Z Ki‡Z n‡Zv,
hvi d‡j wZwb Amg‡qB ¯^v¯ ¨nviv n‡q c‡ob| mßg Aa¨vq
msMVb I ZiweqZ
`vwqZ¡kxj| G ai‡bi Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi weiæ‡× bvw¯Í K KwgDwbó, RvZxqZvev`x, ag©nxb I ag©wegyL
cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
wQj Rxeb-RxweKvi R‡b¨ wb‡R‡ì‡K •Zix Kiv (To build Career)| GR‡b¨ g‡`© gywg‡bi `y®cÖv c¨Zv
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
wm×všÍ Abyhvqx 1942 mv‡ji gv‡P© Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nIqvi K_v| wKš‧ wek¦h y‡×i

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†ÿÎ wQj| hv‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz †hvM¨Zv wQj Ges hviv Zv¸Zx kvm‡bi weiæ‡× we‡`ª vn †NvlYv K‡i Avjøvni
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
DÌvcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Av‡jv‡K ms‡kvwaZ MVbZš¿ •Zix K‡i cÖKvk Kiv n‡e| k~i v G gZ e¨³ K‡i †h,

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|
Bgvi‡Zi Rb¨ weKí †Kvb †hvM¨ †jvK bv _vKvq cÖ_g cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv nq| wØZxq cÖ¯Ív ewUI GR‡b¨

†`qv n‡Zv|
wQj Rxeb-RxweKvi R‡b¨ wb‡R‡ì‡K •Zix Kiv (To build Career)| GR‡b¨ g‡`© gyw g‡bi `y®cÖvc¨Zv
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
`vjvb-†KvVvq Rvgvqv‡Zi †K›`ªxq `dZi mvgwqKfv‡e ¯ v bvšÍwiZ nq| hy× †kl nIqvi ci Rvgvqv‡Zi

cv‡i|

ch©šÍ iæKb msL¨v mvZkÕ ch©šÍ †c․u‡Q hvq| cvÄve, BDwc, wenvi, `vwÿYvZ¨ Ges gv`ª v‡R Rvgvqv‡Zi
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
msMVb I Ziweq‡Zi KvRB wQj G mg‡q AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y ©| mggbv †jvK‡ì msMwVZ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì‡K

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
`vwqZ¡kxj| G ai‡bi Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi weiæ‡× bvw¯ÍK KwgDwbó, RvZxqZvev`x, ag© nxb I ag©wegyL

cv‡i|

gynv¤§` dzjIqvifx, Kvcyi_vjv, (3) Rbve KvgiæÏxb Lvb, jv‡nvi Ges (4) Rbve AvZvDjø vn Lvb,
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

ZvÕwjg I ZiweqZ, eyw×e„wËK M‡elYv, mvaviY `vIqvZ Ges A_©‣bwZK eë¯ vcbv| e„w ×e„wËK M‡elYv
cv‡i|

†_‡K †ZZvwjø‡ki †m‡Þ¤î ch©šÍ &GK Pig msKUKvj wQj| Gmg‡q gvgyw j wPwVc‡Îi gva¨‡g c_wb‡`©k
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
R‡b¨ mvwnZ¨ cvV I cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| †Lv`vi Kv‡Q Zuv ‡ì K…Z Iqv`v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`qv DwPZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

n‡qwQj †h, md‡ii R‡b¨ c_ LiP, wPwVcÎ †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq WvKwUwKU msMÖn Kiv, gy `‡ª Yi R‡b¨
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Øx‡bi `vIqv‡Zi cÖmvi I DbœwZi R‡b¨ wewfbœ m`‡mï cÿ †_‡K Dc¯ vwcZ cÖ¯ Íve
†h, Rvgvqv‡Zi msMV‡b Ggb wKQz †jvK cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Qb, huviv RvgvqvZ‡K fvjfv‡e eyS ‡Z cv‡ib wb Ges

cv‡i|
ZvIKqv-ci‡nhMvixi GKwU wewkó gvbwmKZvm¤úbœ wKQz †jvK GUv‡K ZvKIqvi †Ljvc g‡b K‡i AccÖ Pvi

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
cvðvZ¨ Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi c~Rvixe„›` Ges Zv¸Zx kvm‡bi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Avu Z‡K DVv †Zv eyS‡Z cviv hvq, wKš‧

cv‡i|
ïiæ K‡ib| cÖKv‡k¨ ejviI mvnm wQj bv Ges Zvi †cQ‡b †Kvb hyw³I wQj bv| wKš‧ †Mvcb cÖP viYv

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
†P․ayix wbqvh Avjx bZzb K‡i Rvgvjcyi ew¯Í‡Z Zuv i Uªv‡÷ªi Aaxb `viæj Bmjv‡gi `vjvb-†KvVvq †K›`ªxq

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
cvðvZ¨ Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi c~Rvixe„›` Ges Zv¸Zx kvm‡bi Kg© KZ©v‡ì AvuZ‡K DVv †Zv eyS‡Z cviv hvq, wKš‧

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
Aax‡b GKwU weK…Z I AatcwZZ mgv‡R Avjøvni Kv‡jgv eyj›` Kivi cÖ ‡Póv AZxe KwVb KvR m‡›`n
GB †h, hw` Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ, D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨, Kg©c×wZ I Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ KziAvb I mybœv ‡ni `„wó‡Z

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
Kgx©‡ì Ziweq‡Zi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K eZ©gvb †K›`ª (jv‡nvi) †Kvbµ‡gB Dc‡hvMx ¯ v b bq| †K›`ª Ggb ¯ v‡b

cv‡i|
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
wkqvj‡Kv‡U GKwU ¯ v‡bi cÖ¯ÍveI Av‡m| wKš‧ KZ¸wj Kvi‡Y G cÖ¯Íve MÖn Y Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| Gw`‡K

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
Aax‡b GKwU weK…Z I AatcwZZ mgv‡R Avjøvni Kv‡jgv ey j›` Kivi cÖ‡Póv AZxe KwVb KvR m‡›`n

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

AvbyM‡Zï c‡_ AvmwQj, Zv‡ì †hvM¨ZvI cy‡ivcywi weKwkZ I myw eb¨¯Í nIqvi gyLv‡cÿx wQj| Zviv G
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
RvgvqvZ ¯ vbvšÍ‡ii AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Gfv‡e 1942 mv‡ji 15B Ryb bZzb K‡i IqvK&dK„ Z `viæj Bmjv‡gi

cv‡i|

A‡bK mgq Am¤¢e n‡q c‡owQj| wewfbœ ¯ v‡b mdi K‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi msMVb I `vIqvZ Qovevi KvR cÖ vq
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ
†K‡›`ª Ae¯ vb K‡i Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi ZvwË¡K I ev¯Íe †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwkÿY MÖn Y Ki‡eb Ges †mB mv‡_

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|
†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
msMVb I ZiweqZ

cv‡i|

†`qv n‡Zv|
hvi d‡j wZwb Amg‡qB ¯^v¯ ¨nviv n‡q c‡ob|
msMVb I cÖwkÿ‡Yi ¯Íi

(A‡±vei, 1943-1946)
wZbwU AvÂwjK m‡¤§jb

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡Zv GKwU Av`wk©K msMVb Kv‡q‡gi cðv‡Z †Kvb ¯^v_©vÜ gn‡ji evmbv-Awfjvl
wQj bv †h, Zviv Zv‡ì ab-Hk¦h©, cÖfve-cÖwZcwË I c`gh©v`vi gva¨‡g Zv‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡e| Avi bv
Gi eywbqv` †Kvb †kªYxwfwËK, AvÂwjK A_ev eskxq †Muvovwg Z_v cÿcvwZ‡Z¡i Dci Kv‡qg Kiv n‡qwQj
†h, †m †Muvovwg gvbyl‡K †U‡b G‡b Zvi Pviav‡i GKÎ K‡i †`‡e| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Ggb †Kvb wPËvKl©K
msMVb ev ms¯ v wQj bv hvi mv‡_ †jv‡Ki A_©‣bwZK DbœwZ I c`gh©v`v jv‡fi †mvbvjx ¯^cœ RwoZ wQj|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g~‡j wQj GKwU gnvb j‡ÿï cÖwZ `vIqvZ, GKUv my¯úó msweav‡bi AvbyMZ¨, GKUv
wbqg-k„•Ljvi eë¯ vcbv| Zvi mv‡_ mswkøó nIqvi R‡b¨ Kgx©‡ì‡K we‡kl ¸‡Y ¸Yvwš^Z nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb
wQj| Zvi `vIqv‡Zi cÖmv‡ii R‡b¨ AšÍtmvik~b¨ †køvMvb, myD”P, gnr, wg_¨v Iqv`vi †Kvb gbfzjv‡bv
Kg©m~Px wQj bv| cwikªg I †Póv-mvabv, Z¨vM I Kzievbx wQj Zvi •ewkó¨| Avcb Dcvq-DcKiY Øviv
gvby‡li Kv‡Q Øx‡b n‡Ki `vIqvZ †c․uQv‡bv| AZtci Zv‡ì cÿ †_‡K wZ³ I Akvjxb Reve, Mvwj,
m‡›`n cÖKvk cÖf…wZi ci •ah©aviY K‡iB Zv‡ì‡K `yM©g c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡Zv|
G msMVb cvKv‡cv³ Kivi R‡b¨ mdi Acwinvh©, m‡¤§jb Abyôv‡biI cÖ‡qvRb| KviY Gme n‡”Q gvby‡li
Kv‡Q `vIqvZ †c․uQv‡bvi gva¨g| m‡¤§jb AvnŸv‡bi SzuwK MÖnY Ges mdiÑRvgvqv‡Zi `vwqZ¡kxjMY G `ywU
cš v Aej¤^b K‡ib `vIqvZ Qovevi D‡Ï‡k¨|
RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvi w`‡bB G wm×všÍ nq †h, Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb m‡¤§jb cÖwZ eQi gvP© gv‡m n‡e| wKš‧
gnvhy× G c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i †i‡LwQj| Zv wKQz‡ZB m¤¢e wQj bv e‡j wm×všÍ nq †h, 1943
mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i AÂjwfwËK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡e|
ga¨fvi‡Zi m‡¤§jb
ga¨fviZ Z_v BDwc I wenv‡ii iæKb‡ì m‡¤§jb 21 I 22†k A‡±vei (1943) `vifvsMvq AbywôZ nq|
†jvKvjq †_‡K `yÕgvBj `~‡i km¨k¨vgj gv‡V GK kvšÍ cwi‡e‡k G m‡¤§jb P‡j| gvIjvbv gI`~`x `yRb
m½xmn G m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib|
G m‡¤§j‡b GK_v Abyfe Kiv nq †h, weMZ `yeQ‡ii †PóvPwi‡Îi d‡j gymjgvb‡ì Ab¨vb¨ `j¸‡jvI
Bmjvg‡K jÿ¨ wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv ïiæ K‡i‡Q| GR‡b¨ GLb G wel‡qi Dci †Rvi †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyf‚Z
nq †h, Bmjvgx j‡ÿï R‡b¨ KvR Ki‡Z n‡j DbœZgv‡bi PwiÎ Zvi R‡b¨ Acwinvh© kZ©| G ai‡bi K_v
huviv ej‡Qb Zuv‡ì‡K wbôvi mv‡_ Zuv‡ì •bwZK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e-A_ev A‣bmjvgx PwiÎ I
Kg©cš vi mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi †køvMvb w`‡q RbMY‡K cÖZviYv Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
GK_vI my¯úó K‡i e‡j †`qv nq †h, Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ •nnjøv-wcÖq RbZvi Kv‡Q †ck Kiv †_‡K weiZ
_vK‡Z n‡eÑh‡ZvÿY bv Zv‡ì c_wb‡`©kbvi R‡b¨ GKwU myk„sLj RvgvqvZ Ges AvÂwjKfv‡e
†bZ…Z¡`vbKvix GKwU Uxg •Zix n‡q‡Q, hv Zv‡ì PwiÎ, AvPvi-AvPiY I †L`g‡Zi gva¨‡g RbMY‡K
Zv‡ì Avq‡Ë ivL‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|
G m‡¤§j‡b Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi †ghvR-cÖK…wZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ ivR‣bwZK I agx©q Av‡›`vj‡bi †ghvR-cÖK…wZ
my¯úó K‡i eY©bv Kiv nq hv‡Z gvbyl Dfq cÖKv‡ii Av‡›`vj‡bi †ghvR-cÖK…wZ I KvRKg© fv‡jv K‡i
eyS‡Z cv‡i| Ggb †Kvb MYAv‡›`vjb Kiv Rvgvqv‡Zi jÿ¨ wQj bv hv wbqš¿Y I mwVK w`KwbY©q K‡i
†`qvi R‡b¨ mr I †hvM¨ †jv‡Ki GKwU Uxg •Zix Kiv nqwb- hviv ¯^vfvweKfv‡e MY‡bZ…Z¡ `v‡bi `vwqZ¡
MÖnY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| GUv wVK †h, GKwU Av‡›`vj‡bi wecøe mva‡bi R‡b¨ bZzb ai‡bi ¯^Ztù‚Z© e³v
I †bZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq, hvi g‡a¨ †Lv`vfxwZi Zxeª Abyf‚wZ Aek¨B _vK‡e| h‡Zvw`b G evwÃZ ¸Yvejx
AwR©Z bv n‡q‡Q, Z‡Zvw`b bxi‡e msMVb I Ziweq‡Zi KvR Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e|
GK_v mZ¨ †h, h‡Zvw`b bv G ai‡bi GKwU cÖfvekvjx `j •Zix n‡q‡Q hviv G `vIqvZ ey‡S-my‡S Keyj
K‡i‡Q, hviv `vmZ¡, AvbyMZ¨ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avjøvni R‡b¨ wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡q‡Q, hviv Ab¨vb¨ mKj AvbyMZ¨‡K
Avjøvni AvbyM‡Zï mv‡_ kixK Kiv cwinvi K‡i‡Q Ges hviv mwZ¨Kvifv‡e Avjøvni AvBb‡K wb‡Ri Rxeb
weavb evwb‡q wb‡q‡Q, Z‡Zvw`b ch©šÍ †Kvb evwZj eë¯ v‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i Zv‡K DrLvZ Kivi R‡b¨ †Kvb
cÖKvi MYKg©m~Pxi m~Pbv Kiv wPšÍvi weåvwšÍ Ges Øxb m¤ú‡K© wePvi-eyw×nxbZv Qvov Avi wKQz bq|
Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi wi‡cvU© I Zvi ch©v‡jvPbv

Gme Kgx© m‡¤§j‡b Kv‡Ri wi‡cvU© †ck Kiv ïiæ n‡qwQj| wewfbœ ¯ vbxq RvgvqvZ Kgx©MY `vIqv‡Z Øx‡bi
†h KvR K‡i‡Qb Zvi wi‡cvU©, Kv‡Ri bvbvb Amyweav Ges wewfbœ cÖ¯Íve †ck Ki‡Zb| Zvici Gme wi‡cvU©
ch©v‡jvPbvi ci Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri ÎæwU Ges `vIqvZ cÖmv‡ii R‡b¨ civgk© †`qv n‡Zv| G hver ch©šÍ †jv‡Ki
mvg‡b Øx‡bi P‚ovšÍ `vex †ck Kiv m¤ú‡K© mZK©Zv Aej¤^‡bi †n`v‡qZ †`qv n‡Zv| KviY ZvejxM-
ZvjKxb Ges PwiÎ ms‡kva‡bi ch©v‡q Ggb `vex eqvb Ki‡j A‡bK mgq KuvPv †jvK fxZmš¿¯Í n‡q c‡o|
ZvejxM ïay e³…Zv-wee„wZ A_ev Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡gB nq bv| eiÂ cÖK…Z ZvejxM n‡”Q GB †h, `vIqvZ
`vbKvix Zvi †MvUv Rxeb w`‡q gvby‡li Kv‡Q cÖwZ gyn‚‡Z© †ck Ki‡Z _vK‡e| evwZj ev åvšÍ mgvR eë¯ vq
n‡Ki `vIqvZ `vbKvixi Rxeb Ggb †hb ei‡di N‡i K‡qKwU R¡jšÍ Kqjv ivLv n‡q‡Q| Zvici †KD hw`
†Kvb AvIqvRI bv †Zv‡j Z_vwc R¡jšÍ Kqjv †mLv‡b _vKvUvB ei‡di weiæ‡× GKwU hy× †NvlYv|
`vIqvZx †n`v‡q‡Zi g‡a¨ Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ G welqwUi Dci we‡kl †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb †h, wewfbœ `j †_‡K
huviv G‡m‡Qb Zuviv A‡bK mgq c~e©eZx© `j I ivR‣bwZK Rxe‡bi cÖfveI mv‡_ K‡i wb‡q Av‡mb|
Avgv‡ì GLv‡b A‡bK fvB‡qi g‡a¨ Zuv‡ì c~e©eZx© `jxq †Muvovwg GLbI †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| Zuvi
ms‡kvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
Rvgvqv‡Zi G m‡¤§j‡b wenvi cÖ‡`‡ki R‡b¨ GKRb ¯ vqx KvB‡qg (†m‡µUvix) wb‡qvM Kivi wm×všÍ nq|
Dciš‧ AviI eû mvsMVwbK I cÖwkÿwYK wm×všÍ †bqv nq| w¯ i nq †h, ¯ vbxq Rvgvqv‡Zi R‡b¨ mvßvwnK
•eVK Acwinvh© Kiv n‡e| Zv‡Z `vi‡m KziAv‡bi wbqwgZ eë¯ v Kiv, eZ©gvb cwiw¯ wZi ch©v‡jvPbv Ges
`vIqvZx Kv‡Ri AvMvgx mßv‡ni Kg©m~Px •Zix Kivi wb‡`©k †`qv nq| Dciš‧ †Lv`vi wbKU K…Z Iqv`v evi
evi ¯§iY Kivi †n`v‡qZI †`qv nq, hv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Avjøvn Zvqvjv h‡ZvUzKz †hvM¨Zv `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv
Øx‡bi †L`g‡Z Ges evwZj eë¯ vi weiæ‡× Kv‡R jvMv‡Z AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| hv‡ì g‡a¨ †h
†hvM¨Zv Av‡Q †m †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx †Zgb gn‡jB KvR Ki‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zvi Avg‡ji
mv‡_ mv‡_ †hvM¨ZviI Revew`wn Av‡Liv‡Z Ki‡Z n‡e|
GKwU A_©‣bwZK ¯‥xg

R‣bK Kgx© Rbve dRjyi ingvb Lvb G m‡¤§j‡b GKwU A_©‣bwZK ¯‥xg †ck K‡ib|1 ¯‥xgwUi D‡Ïk¨
eY©bv K‡i ejv nq †h, wewfbœ ¯ v‡b G ai‡bi mgevq wfwËK eëmv-evwYR¨ M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡j Zvi Øviv
GKw`‡K †hgb A_©wewb‡qvM I kªg`vbKvix cÖPzi gybvdv jvf Ki‡eb, Aciw`‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi evqZzjgvjI
kw³kvjx n‡e| Gm¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx e‡jb, e¨w³MZfv‡e †KD G ¯‥xg ev¯ÍevwqZ
Ki‡j Zv‡Z †Kvb †`vl †bB| wKš‧ Rvgvqv‡Zi c‡ÿ `vIqv‡Z Øxb I n‡Ki Kv‡jgv eyj›` Kivi Kg©m~wP
e¨ZxZ †Kvb eëmv-evwY‡Rï c`‡ÿc MÖnY DwPZ n‡e bv| GKwU wecøex `j hw` GKwU eëmv cÖwZôvbI
n‡q c‡o, Zvn‡j Zvi wecøex cÖvYkw³ wbt‡kl n‡q hv‡e Ges wKQz †jvK Rvgvqv‡Zi j‡ÿï cÖwZ AvK…ó bv
n‡q A_©‣bwZK ¯^v‡_©i Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n‡q G `jfz³ n‡e| G gšÍ‡eï ci Rbve Gd, Avi, Lvb Zuvi
cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib|
G mg‡q gvby‡li g‡a¨ G KvbvNylv PjwQj †h, †kl ch©šÍ Bmjvgx wecøe wKfv‡e n‡e| Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ
Zvi e¨vL¨v `vb Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, GKwU ms¯‥vig~jK `‡ji eo mgm¨v n‡jv wPšÍvi weïw×KiY I PwiÎ
MVb| G `yÕwU hw` n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j mvR-miÄvg †Zv cÖwZØ›Øxi gbgw¯Í®‥ Rq K‡iB jvf Kiv hvq|
mKj Kg©m~Pxi †k‡l-GKwU Rbmfv wQj †hLv‡b Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ †ck Kiv nq| hwÌ Ab¨vb¨ `j¸‡jv
Rvgvqv‡Zi weiæ‡× åvšÍ cÖPviYv Pvjvw”Qj, wKš‧ Rbmfvq hLb Rvgvqv‡Zi eywbqv`x `vIqvZ †ck Kiv nq,
ZLb gvbyl mvaviYZ Zv cQ›` K‡i| †Lv`vi Kv‡jgv eyj›` Kivi K_v gymjgvb mgv‡R †ek wcÖq
Av‡jvPbvi welq n‡q c‡o|
msMVb, ZiweqZ I Zvh&wKqv

RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv e‡jb, msMVb my`„p Kivi Dci me‡P‡q †ekx ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| Avgvi g‡Z
gymjgvb‡ì AwaKvsk `‡ji msMVb gReyZ bq e‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨ fvOb †`Lv †`q| mymsMwVZ bq Ggb
GKwU `j †Kvb msMwVZ `‡ji gyKvwejv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‧ Aí msL¨K †jv‡Ki `j hw` mymsMwVZ nq
Ges †gnbZ I †Póv-mvabv K‡i, Zvn‡j †MvUv RvwZ‡K mvgvj w`‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb `‡j jÿ jÿ gvby‡li
wfo hw` nq Ges Zv hw` msMwVZ bv nq, Zvn‡j Zv †Kvb KvRB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| msMV‡bi g~jbxwZ n‡”Q
Øx‡bi dihmg~‡ni wbqwgZ AbymiY, wbwl× I nvivg KvR¸‡jv †_‡K `~‡i Ae¯ vb Ges Rvgvqv‡Zi k„sLjv
I msweavb K‡Vvifv‡e AbymiY| KviY RvwZi cÖK…Z †ivM n‡”Q AvKx`vn-wek¦v‡mi Abyf‚wZ bv _vKv|
GR‡b¨ `yÕai‡bi †jv‡Ki ¯ vb G Rvgvqv‡Z i‡q‡Q| GK, ZiweqZ Z`vi‡Ki AvIZvaxb †jvK, hv‡ì‡K
ïfvKv•¶x A_ev mg_©K (gyËvwdK) ejv nq| `yB, ZiweqZcÖvß DrmM©K…Z (Dedicated) †jvK, hv‡ì‡K
iæKb ejv nq| mg_©Ke„›Ì Ziweq‡Zi AvIZvaxb †jvK wn‡m‡e Rvgvqv‡Zi kw³i fvÐvi| wKš‧ iæKbMYB
Rvgvqv‡Zi †giæ`Ð| ZvivB Rvgvqv‡Zi hveZxq cwjwm wba©viY K‡i, mKj c‡` AwawôZ _v‡K, †jvK
wbe©vwPZ K‡i Ges ZvivB k~iv I Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ wbe©vwPZ K‡ib|
wZwb e‡jb, Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi k„sLjv †g‡b Pjvi Abyf‚wZ Øxwb Abyf‚wZi cwigvY Aby mv‡iB m„wó
nq| GR‡b¨ Øxwb Abyf‚wZ RvMÖZ n‡jB Rvgvqv‡Zi k„•Ljv my`„pKiY wbwðZ nq|
Zvici ¯ vbxq RvgvqvZ MV‡bi bxwZ I wbqg-c×wZ eY©bv Kiv nq| ¯ vbxq RvgvqvZ †_‡K †Rjv RvgvqvZ
Ges AZtci †K›`ªxq RvgvqvZ GKUv cwic~Y© k„•Ljv I Øxwb KZ©e¨‡ev‡ai Rv‡j Ave× _v‡K| †K›`ªxq
Rvgvqv‡Zi KvR n‡”Q Zv †MvUv RvgvqvZ‡K wPšÍvi †bZ…Z¡ `vb Kiv| Zvi gh©v`v GKRb AwffveK I
gyieŸxi b¨vq, Rvgvqv‡Zi mvgwMÖK k„•Ljv I Ziweq‡Zi †m Z`viwK K‡i| Rvgvqv‡Zi me©¯Í‡i
civgk©wfwËK c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi eë¯ v Av‡Q| mKj c‡ì wgqv` wba©vwiZ Av‡Q Ges wba©vwiZ mgq wbe©vPb
Abyôv‡bi eë¯ v Av‡Q| wbe©vP‡bi ci wbe©vwPZ e¨w³MY kc_ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| Kv‡Ri wi‡cvU© †ck, Zvi ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ wPwýZKiY, wRÁvmvev‡ì eë¯ vcbv Ges evwZ‡ji
gyKvwejvi R‡b¨ wPšÍv I Kv‡Ri Øviv ev¯Íe wRnv` RvgvqvZx eë¯ v‡K my`„p I mymsnZ K‡i|
Kgx©‡ì Ziweq‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ AZ¨šÍ m‡PZb| Zuvi aviYv †h gvbwmK I PvwiwÎK w`K w`‡q
`ye©j Kgx© Zv‡ì †bZv‡ì e`bv‡gi KviY n‡q _v‡K Ges Zv‡ì mKj †PóvPwiÎ I cwikªg e¨_© K‡i †`q|
GR‡b¨ gReyZ PwiÎ MVb AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| Zvn‡jB wbf©i‡hvM¨ Bmjvgx †bZ…Z¡ m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ G
ai‡bi †jvK hviv Rvgvqv‡Zi ïfvKv•¶x wKš‧ k„•Ljvi K‡VviZv mB‡Z cv‡ib bv, Zuviv Rvgvqv‡Zi mg_©K -
ïfvKv•¶x wn‡m‡e Rvgvqv‡Zi mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
RvgvqvZ cÖvPxb I AvaywbK wPšÍvavivi †jvK‡K GKB `jxq k„•Ljvi g‡a¨ GKÎ K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q
mvab K‡i‡Q| Zvi mydjI n‡q‡Q we¯Íi| mKj †dKnx gZev‡ì †jvK‡K msweav‡bi AvbyM‡Zï gva¨‡g
Rvgvqv‡Z kvwgj nIqv m¤¢e K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| e¯‧Z Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx †Kvb msKxY© †dK©ve›`x RvgvqvZ bq|
bv GUv †Kvb †Ìe›`x A_ev †e‡ijfx RvgvqvZ Avi bv Avn‡j nv`xm A_ev nvbvdx RvgvqvZ| †Kvb
e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK A_ev †f․‡MvwjK, AvÂwjK `jI GUv bq| G GK wek¦Rbxb gnvbZg Av`‡k©i aviK I evnK
RvgvqvZ, hvi AvnŸvb wek¦ gvbeZvi H‡Kï w`‡K, Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K Avjøvn Zvqvjvi cwic~Y© e‡›`Mxi w`‡K|
mKj gymjgv‡bi R‡b¨ Avjøvni wKZve I bex cv‡Ki mybœv‡Zi wfwË‡Z GKwU me©m¤§Z cøvUdig •Zix KivB
G Rvgvqv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨| G m‡¤§jb¸‡jv‡Z GKwUgvÎ D¤§vni ewntcÖKvkB †hb †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|
mgvR ¯^qs cÖwkÿY‡K›`ª
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cÖwkÿY †K›`ª¸‡jv QvovI Zvi Kgx©‡ì Ziweq‡Zi G eë¯ vI K‡i‡Q †h, KziAvb-mybœvn
wfwËK mvwnZ¨ cvV Kivevi ci `vIqv‡Z Øx‡bi Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ ev¯Íe gq`v‡b ùvo Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Q| Øx‡bi
KvR hviv ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î K‡i ZLb gvbyl Zbœ Zbœ K‡i Zvi ÎæwU-wePz¨wZi cÖwZ A½y¸wj wb‡`©k K‡i| Zvici
nq Zv‡K KvR †_‡K weiZ n‡Z nq A_ev ÎæwU ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‧Z nq| G Ggb GK ZiweqZ hv
cÖwZw`b cÖ‡Z¨K `vIqvZ `vbKvix jvf K‡i| Gfv‡eB gvbyl Zvi wb‡R‡K †g‡RN‡l G‡Ke‡i Øx‡bi Pvwn`v
Abyhvqx cwi®‥vi-cwi”Qbœ K‡i| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Ziweq‡Zi G eë¯ v †i‡L‡Q †h, Øx‡bi `vIqvZ †ck
Ki‡Z wM‡q hw` †Kvb e¨w³ ev gnj †_‡K Mvwj †L‡Z nq, Zvn‡j Mvwji Rev‡e KL‡bv †m Mvwj †`‡e bv|
wg_¨v Awf‡hvM Ki‡j, Zvi Rev‡e Kv‡iv cÖwZ wg_¨v Awf‡hvM Ki‡e bv| †Kvb e¨w³MZ ¯^v‡_© cÖ‡jvfb
G‡j Zv `gb K‡i mZ¨ c‡_ AUj _vK‡e| ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡j Zv nvwmgy‡L ei`vkZ Ki‡e| †Kvb kw³i
i³Pÿz Zv‡K fxZ-kw¼Z Ki‡e bv| †gvU K_v, cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx ev¯Íe Rxeb †ÿ‡Î
Kgx©‡ì Ziweq‡Zi R‡b¨ G bxwZB wba©vwiZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q|1
D‡jøL¨ †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Aaxb †Kvb c`gh©v`vi R‡b¨ cÖv_x© nIqv A_ev Kv‡iv c‡ÿ cÖPviYv Kiv
wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j c`gh©v`v jv‡fi Awfjvl GLv‡b KL‡bv gv_vPvov w`‡Z cv‡i bv| m‡¤§j‡b
mgv‡jvPbvi ¯ vqx eë¯ v Av‡Q hvi kixqZm¤§Z wbqg-c×wZI wba©vwiZ Av‡Q| Gme eë¯ v GKwU Bmjvgx
`j‡K fvO‡bi gyL †_‡K iÿv K‡i|
ZiweqZx eë¯ v LvbKvnx bq- Av‡›`vjbg~jK
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Kgx©‡ì Ziweq‡Zi R‡b¨ wKQz msL¨K `yiƒ` cvV whwKi-AvhKvi, gyivKvev cÖf…wZi
†Kvb eë¯ v ivLv nqwb| Bmjvgx wecø‡ei †jvK •Zix KivB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Ziweq‡Zi D‡Ïk¨| †m
R‡b¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi ZiweqZx eë¯ v Ggb bq hv LvbKv¸‡jv‡Z Aej¤^b Kiv nq, eiÂ G ZiweqZ
Av‡›`vjbg~jK| Ziweq‡Zi R‡b¨ RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì‡K †Kvb whwK‡ii gRwj‡m e‡m Kvj‡ÿcY Ki‡Z nq
bv| eiÂ AatcwZZ mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ h‡Zv cÖKv‡ii weK…wZ I AatcZb G‡m‡Q Zvi cÖwZwUi weiæ‡× ev¯Íe
msMÖvg KivB Ziweq‡Zi D‡Ïk¨| Z`ycwi Zv‡ì cÖwZwU msMÖvg AvBbvbyM I bxwZ‣bwZKZvi Aaxb Ges
cwic~Y© MYZš¿m¤§Z| RbM‡Yi ms¯‥vi-ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ RbMY‡K mv‡_ wb‡qB KvR Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| MZvbyMwZK I eskvbyµwgK Bmjvgx ¯^xK…wZi cwie‡Z© ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î Rxe‡bi me©¯Í‡i Bmjvgx
Abykvmb †g‡b Pjvi †PZbv I Abyf‚wZ gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ RvMÖZ Kivi KvRB RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì KiYxq| G
R‡b¨ RvgvqvZ Zvi Kgx©‡ì‡K hv‡ni I ev‡Zb (Exoteric & Esoteric) Dfq cÖKv‡ii ZiweqZ `vb
K‡i|
hv‡ni I ev‡Z‡bi ms‡kva‡bi KvR

`v‡Ljx ev ev‡Zbx Ziweq‡Zi wbwgË RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì R‡b¨ bd‡mi ZiweqZ, bd‡mi kvjxbZv, iæwP I
gbbkxjZv m„wói eë¯ v K‡i‡Q| gvby‡li Af¨šÍ‡i †h cï cÖe„wË Zvi jvjmv PwiZv_© Kivi R‡b¨ kw³
cÖ‡qvM K‡i, Zv‡K nvjvj-nvivg I gviæd-gybKv‡ii mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ `wgZ I mshZ ivL‡Z n‡e| Gi Rb¨
cÖ_g KvR KziAvb I mybœv‡Zi Ávb jvf hv e¨ZxZ AvZ¥‡PZbv I AvZ¥byf‚wZ m¤¢e bq| Gi gva¨‡g †Lv`vi
fq I gneŸZ Ges wb‡R‡K Avjøvni i‡O iwÄZ Kiv
GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| Zvici bexi cwic~Y© AbymiY, Gi Øviv bexi cÖwZ AMva fv‡jvevmv m„wó nq| Zvici
mxiv‡Z mvnvevi Aa¨qb, KviY Zviv wQ‡jb bex‡cÖ‡gi g~Z©cÖZxK| Gfv‡e bexcvK (mt) I mvnvev‡q
†Kiv‡gi Av`k© Pwi‡Îi Quv‡P wb‡R‡ì‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
mgv‡Ri AatcZb `~i Kivi R‡b¨ ev¯Íe Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡ek Kivi KvR‡K Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Kgx©‡ì R‡b¨
hv‡nix Ziweq‡Zi Kvh©Ki ev¯Íe cš v wn‡m‡e Aej¤^b K‡i‡Q| AatcZb I c_åóZvi weiæ‡× msMÖvg
Kiv, cÖwZc‡ÿi we‡ivwaZv mn¨ Kiv, åvšÍ aviYv `~i Kiv, wbh©vZb-wb‡®úlY mn¨ Kiv, cÖwZeÜKZv `~i Kiv,
Awf‡hvM LÐb Kiv cÖf…wZ KvR¸‡jv Ziweq‡Zi R‡b¨ AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx I Kvh©Ki cš v wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
DËi fviZxq m‡¤§jb
`vifvsMv m‡¤§j‡bi ci DËi fviZxq iæKb‡ì m‡¤§jb `viæj Bmjvg cvVvb‡Kv‡U 1944 mv‡ji 26†k I
27†k gvP© AbywôZ nq| G m‡¤§j‡bi cvÄve, mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k, wmÜz, Kvk¥xi I †ejywP¯Ív‡bi iæKbMY †hvM`vb
K‡ib| Aek¨ BDwc Ges wenvi †_‡K h_vµ‡g gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx Ges mvB‡q` gynv¤§`
ûmvBb †hvM`vb K‡ib|
26†k gvP© mKvj 7Uvq m‡¤§j‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| Kgx©MY Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi wbK‡U Zv‡ì GjvKvi Ae¯ v
I Amyweav eqvb K‡ib Ges G m¤ú‡K© Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi civgk© I †n`v‡qZ jvf K‡ib| G m‡¤§j‡b
wKQz msL¨K mg_©K I ïfvKv•¶x †hvM`vb K‡ib|
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ iæKwbqv‡Zi `vwqZ¡ I `vex m‡¤§j‡b eqvb K‡ib| we‡kl K‡i Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi
Kg©c×wZi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Kg©c×wZ fv‡jv K‡i Rvbvi ci †hb †jvK Rvgvqv‡Z
kvwgj nq| Kg©c×wZ cy‡ivcywi Rvbvi c~‡e© Rvgvqv‡Z †hvM`vb Kiv DwPZ bq| Rvgvqv‡Zi jÿ¨ n‡Ki
wKq`sk cÖwZôv bq, cy‡ivcywi nK cÖwZôvB Gi jÿ¨| wZwb e‡jb, gymjgvb‡ì `j¸‡jv mvaviYZ
K‡VviZvmn KvR K‡i| Zviv mvaviYZ fvecÖeY, weZK©g~jK Kjv‡K․kj, K‡Vvi fvlv cÖf…wZi gva¨‡g KvR
K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi cš v n‡”Q •ah© I fvimvg¨mn Zv‡ì `„wófw½ †ck Kiv| RvgvqvZ GKRb
wPwKrm‡Ki g‡Zv Avcb wgjøv‡Zi †ivMvµvšÍ cÖwZwU A½-cÖZ¨‡½i wPwKrmv K‡i, Zv †K‡U †d‡j †`q bv|
Rbmvavi‡Yi †ivM GB †h, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gyk‡iKx a¨vb-aviYv I Abyôvbvw` a‡g©i cweÎ ìRv w`‡qB cÖ‡ek
K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì ms¯‥vi-ms‡kva‡bi KvR †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvi g‡ZvB kvšÍg‡b Zvejx‡Mi cš vqB n‡Z cv‡i|
m‡¤§j‡bi D‡Ïk¨
m‡¤§j‡bi wØZxq Awa‡ek‡b Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ m‡¤§j‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I j‡ÿï Dci Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i e‡jb,
Avgv‡ì m‡¤§jb¸‡jv Zv‡ì ¯^KxqZvi w`K w`‡q cvwifvwlK mfv-m‡¤§jb †_‡K wfbœ ai‡bi| Avgv‡ì
GLv‡b j¤^v j¤^v e³…Zv, wgwQj, †køvMv‡bi ci †køvMvb, •n‣P, †Mvjgvj cÖf…wZ †bB| RbM‡Yi `„wó‡KvY
K…wÎg cš vq A_ev PvÂj¨ m„wói gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì cÖwZ AvK…ó Kiv Gme m‡¤§j‡bi D‡Ïk¨ bq| eiÂ
D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q cvi¯úwiK cwiwPwZ, ÎæwUwePz¨wZ wPwýZKiY, mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZvi e¨vcv‡i cvi¯úwiK
gZwewbgq| hviv `ywbqvi ms¯‥vi-ms‡kva‡bi `vwqZ¡ Kuv‡a wb‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì me©cÖ_g wb‡R‡ì ms‡kva‡bi
eë¯ vcbv me‡P‡q AwaK cÖ‡qvRbxq| m‡¤§j‡b Dcw¯ wZi welqwUI we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
Avgv‡ì m‡¤§j‡b hviv Abycw¯ Z Zviv †hb RvgvqvZ I Zvi `vIqvZ cy‡ivcywi eyS‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zv‡ì
Rvbv †bB †h, Rvgvqv‡Zi AvnŸv‡b Zv‡ì Dci wK Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o Ges †h kc_ Zuviv Zuv‡ì cÖfzi
wbK‡U K‡i‡Qb Zvi wK `vwqZ¡ Zuv‡ì Dci i‡q‡Q|Õ
iæKwbqv‡Zi kc_ I ¯ weiZv
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ e‡jb, iæKwbqv‡Zi kc_ MÖn‡Yi ci huviv ¯ wei n‡q c‡ob, †Lv`vi Kv‡Q †Mvjvgxi kc_
ZvRv Kivi ci huviv c~‡e©i g‡ZvB kxZj, cÖvYnxb, ¯ wei I bxie-wb¯Íä n‡q _v‡Kb, Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q Avih
GB †h, hw` Avcbv‡ì GUvB Kivi B”Qv wQj, Zvn‡j G nZfvM¨ RvgvqvZwU‡K Lvivc Kivi wK cÖ‡qvRb
wQj? Ggwb RvgvqvZ †_‡K †ewi‡q hvIqv †jvK‡ì e¨vcviI wPšÍvi welq| cwiZv‡ci welq AímsL¨K
e¨wZµg Qvov AwaKvskB RvgvqvZ †_‡K c„_K nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B cðv`Mvgx n‡q c‡o‡Qb Ges Øxb`vixi
b~¨bZg `vex c~iY †_‡KI `~‡i m‡i †M‡Qb, hvi kc_ Zuviv gymjgvb wn‡m‡e K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨
GgbI Av‡Qb huviv mvaviY •bwZK `vwqZ¡ †_‡KI †ec‡ivqv n‡q‡Qb| Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ Zuv‡ì G AvPi‡Y
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Aóg Aa¨vq
cÖ_g wbwLj fviZ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb

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iæKb‡ì GKwU m‡¤§jb 1945 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m `viæj Bmjvg cvVvb‡Kv‡U AbywôZ n‡e| Z`byhvqx 19,
20 I 21†k GwcÖj, 1945 mv‡j `viæj Bmjv‡g cÖ_g wbwLj fviZ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi iæKb m‡¤§jb
nq| G‡Z mviv‡`‡ki iæKb‡ì Dcw¯ wZ Acwinvh© wQj| AvUkÕ R‡biI AwaK iæKb m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb
K‡ib| Ggb weivU msL¨K †jv‡Ki gmwR‡`, RvgvqvZ Awd‡m, Ab¨vb¨ evmM„‡n, K¨v‡¤ú I kvwgqvbvi wb‡P
_vKvi eë¯ v Kiv nq| jvDW ¯úxKvi Ges ch©vß Av‡jvi eë¯ vI Kiv nq| hy‡×i mgq wQj e‡j AvUv,
wPwb, gImy‡gi Dc‡hvMx weQvbvcÎ Ges Lvev‡ii _vjv, evwU, Møvm mv‡_ K‡i Avb‡Z ejv n‡qwQj|
AskMÖnYKvix iæKbMY G wb‡`©k cy‡ivcywi cvjb K‡ib|
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Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi D‡Øvabx fvlY
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kw³I e„w× K‡i‡Qb|
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Zv ivLvI Avgvi dih|
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Ggb me e›`yK eënvi KiwQ hvi †Nvov wUc‡jI ¸jx †e‡ivq bv| cÿvšÍ‡i hLb Avwg †`wL †h, GKwU
Wv‡KB Avcbv‡ì‡K GKÎ Kiv hvq, GKwU Bkvivq Avcbviv KvR ïiæ K‡ib Ges wb‡R‡ì g‡bi
AvKl©‡YB G KvR Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, hv Avcbv‡ì Dci Awc©Z n‡q‡Q, ZLb Avgvi g‡b kw³ mÂvwiZ nq,
mvnm evo‡Z _v‡K|
5| †h Kv‡R Avgiv nvZ w`‡qwQ, A_©vr •bwZK g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z `ywbqvi ms¯‥vi-ms‡kvab Kiv Ges
`ywbqvi AvBb-k„•Ljvi cwieZ©b-ms‡kvab Kiv, Zvi `vex GB †h, •bwZK w`K w`‡q Avgiv Avgv‡ì
wb‡R‡ì‡K `ywbqvi me‡P‡q mr e‡j cÖgvY K‡i †`Lve| hw` `ywbqvi gvbyl †`‡L †h, Avgv‡ì m‡¤§j‡b
wek„•Ljv i‡q‡Q, Avgv‡ì mgv‡e‡k A‣bK¨ I wew”QbœZv i‡q‡Q, Avgv‡ì _vKvi RvqMv¸‡jv iæwPnxbZv I
Af`ªZvi `„k¨ †ck Ki‡Q, †hLv‡bB Avgiv †L‡Z ewm Zv †bvsiv I wekªx n‡q hvq, †hLv‡b Avgiv Avjvc-
Av‡jvPbv I civg‡k©i Rb¨ Rgv‡qZ nB, †mLv‡bB nvwm-VvÆv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i •nnjøv I SMovSvwU nq Ges
bxwZ weiæ× AvPiY cÖ`k©b Kiv nq, Zvn‡j Avgiv †h ms¯‥vi Ki‡Z PvB `ywbqvevmx Zvi †_‡K †Lv`vi
Avkªq PvB‡e| Zviv Abyfe Ki‡e †h, `ywbqvi eë¯ vcbv hw` G me †jv‡Ki nv‡Z Av‡m, Zvn‡j Zviv mviv
`ywbqv‡K wVK †ZgwbB K‡i Qvo‡e †hgbwU Zviv i‡q‡Q|
6| †hLv‡bB Avcbviv GK‡Î mg‡eZ n‡eb, Avcbv‡ì AvgvbZ`vix I wek¦¯ÍZv †hb g~Z© n‡q I‡V| †KD
†hb Zvi wRwbmcÎ I jUeni †`Lvïbvi eë¯ v Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †eva bv K‡i| Kv‡iv wKQz †Kv_vI c‡o
†M‡j †hb †mLv‡bB Zv †`L‡Z cvq| †Kv_vI †Kvb †`vKvb ev ÷j _vK‡j we‡µZv QvovB †hb wRwbmcÎ
wVKg‡Zv wewµ n‡Z _v‡K|
7| hLb RvgvqvZ cÖwZwôZ nq Ges Avcbviv Avgv‡K Avgxi wbe©vwPZ K‡ib, ZLb Avwg Iqv`v
K‡iwQjvg †h, cÖ‡Z¨K m‡¤§j‡b Avwg †NvlYv Kie, Avgvi †_‡K †hvM¨Zi †Kvb †jvK cvIqv †M‡j Zuvi
R‡b¨ RvqMv †Q‡o w`‡Z Avwg cÖ¯‧Z _vKe| Avcbviv Zuv‡K Avgxi wbe©vwPZ Ki‡eb| Zvici GB cÖ_g
iæKb m‡¤§jb n‡”Q Ges Avwg Avgvi Iqv`v Abyhvqx †NvlYv KiwQ †h, Avcbviv huv‡K Lykx Avcbv‡ì
Avgxi wbe©vwPZ Kiæb| Avwg‡Zv Aek¨B PvB †h, Ab¨ †KD G `vwqZ¡ MÖnY KiæK Ges Avwg Zuvi AvbyMZ¨
K‡i †`wL‡q w`B, Avgx‡ii AvbyMZ¨ wKfv‡e Kiv DwPZ| wKš‧ Avgvi G †NvlYvi G A_© †KD †b‡eb bv †h,
Avwg ¯^qs cðv`cmiY KiwQ Ges G `vwqZ¡ Gov‡Z Pvw”Q| Avgvi B”Qv ïay GB †h, Avwg bv G c‡ì R‡b¨
†Kvb AvKv•¶v †cvlY Kwi, bv †Kvb †hvM¨Zi e¨w³i G c`jv‡f cÖwZeÜK nB, Avi bv Avwg Avgvi
wb‡R‡K G Av‡›`vj‡bi DbœwZ Ges Rvgvqv‡Zi Kj¨v‡Yi c‡_ †Kvb evav m„wó Ki‡Z PvB|
8| weMZ wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgvi weiæ‡× hw` Kv‡iv †Kvb Awf‡hvM m„wó n‡q _v‡K, Kv‡iv nK Av`vq
A_ev Kv‡iv cÖwZ Bbmvd Kivi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi cÿ †_‡K hw` †Kvb ÎæwU n‡q _v‡K, A_ev †KD hw` Avgvi
Kv‡R †Kvb fzj †c‡q _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j webv wØavq Zv e‡j †djyb, Zv e¨w³MZfv‡e Avgvi Kv‡QI ej‡Z
cv‡ib A_ev †MvUv Rvgvqv‡Zi mvg‡bI| Avgvi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM Ki‡Z KvD‡K evavI †è bv Ges Avgvi
fzjÎæwU ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡Z KzwÉZ n‡ev bv| Avgvi ms‡kva‡b A_ev b¨vh¨ Awf‡hv‡Mi ci Zv ms‡kvab
Ki‡Z Avwg wZj cwigvY BZ¯ÍZ Kie bv| Aek¨ †Kvb Awf‡hvM hw` fzj eySveywSi wfwË‡Z nq, Zvn‡j Zv
cwi®‥vi K‡i †è, hv‡Z K‡i G Kv‡R Avgvi Ges RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb wZ³Zv evKx bv _v‡K|
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ gvIjvbv gI`~`xi G D‡Øvabx fvl‡Yi ci KvB‡q‡g RvgvqvZ (Rvgvqv‡Zi †m‡µUvix
†Rbv‡ij) wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§` mv‡ne RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K G m‡¤§jb ch©šÍ mg‡qi we¯ÍvwiZ
wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 1941 †_‡K 1945 mvj ch©šÍ
wi‡cv‡U©i mvigg© wbgœiƒc t
1| RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvi mgq iæKb msL¨v wQj gvÎ 75 Rb| gvP© 1945 ch©šÍ iæKb msL¨v nq mv‡o
mvZ kZ|
2| myôz msMV‡bi R‡b¨ 17B GwcÖj 1944 mv‡j mvsMVwbK wefvM †Lvjv nq Ges wgqv ZzdvBj
gynv¤§`‡K cÖ_g KvB‡q‡g RvgvqvZ wbhy³ Kiv nq|
3| 1944 ch©šÍ 37wU ¯ vbxq RvgvqvZ MwVZ nq| 6wU Kvh©Z †kl n‡q hvq Ges †m¸‡jv‡K ZvwjKv
†_‡K ev` †`qv nq|
4| iæKb‡ì cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci wbw®…q iæKb‡ì‡K RvgvqvZ ewnf‚©Z e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq Ges †gvU
mv‡o wZbkÕ R‡bi iæKwbqvZ AÿzYœ _v‡K|
5| wi‡cvU© cÖYqb ch©šÍ ¯ vbxq Rvgvqv‡Zi †gvU msL¨v nq wZàvbœ|
6| AZxZ AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z Rvgvqv‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi gvb GKUz DbœZZi Kiv nq Ges c`cÖv_x©i gyÏr
`xN©vwqZ Kiv nq|
7| cvÄv‡ei cÖvq mKj †Rjvq, nvqìvev` ivóª I gv`ªv‡Ri AwaKvsk AÂ‡j, BDwc I wenv‡ii wewfbœ
†Rjvq, wKQz cwigv‡Y †ev‡¤^, wmÜz I mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`‡k Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| evsjvq ïay
†KvjKvZv kn‡i wKQzUv cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq|
8| Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖwZ huviv AvK…ó nb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ AwaKvsk Bs‡iRx wkwÿZ| gv`ªvmv wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki
msL¨v Kg|
9| Agymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i _vK‡jI Zv wQj gvgywj ai‡bi| KviY G e¨vcv‡i
gymjgvb‡ì AvPvi-AvPiYB wQj e‡ov evav| Zvi mv‡_ wQj RvZxq I eskxq we‡Øl|
10| Øxwb I ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jv Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖwZ bvivR n‡jI µgk Zv‡ì‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi cwifvlv¸‡jv
eënvi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q|
11| RvgvqvZ mvwn‡Zï Pvwn`v AZ¨šÍ †e‡o hvq| KvM‡Ri `y®cÖvc¨Zvi R‡b¨ eBcy¯K Í cÖKvk K‡i
cwi‡ekb Kiv LyeB KwVb n‡q c‡o‡Q|
12| `yt‡Li welq GB †h, Av‡jg‡ì cÿ †_‡K we‡ivwaZv Kiv n‡”Q Ges Zv AwaKvsk webv hyw³-cÖgv‡Y|
13| Kg©V †jv‡Ki ¯^íZv Ges wkÿv wkwei cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ evqZzjgv‡j A‡_©i AfveB Kv‡Ri gš i MwZi
KviY|
14| Rvgvqv‡Zi KwZcq iæKb‡K fqvbK Amyweavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡”Q| †hgb-
(K) wKQz msL¨K QvÎ‡K Zv‡ì wcZv evwo †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
(L) wKQz msL¨K wcZv‡K Zv‡ì †Q‡jiv gviai K‡i evwo †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
(M) KwZcq bvix‡K Zv‡ì ¯^vgx cÖvq cwiZ¨³ Ae¯ vq †i‡L‡Q A_©vr •eevwnK m¤úK© gyjZex ivLv n‡q‡Q|
(N) KwZcq cy‡Îi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì wcZv Hme A_© `vex Ki‡Q hv Zv‡ì †jLvcovq e¨q K‡i‡Q|
(O) KwZcq †jvK‡K Zv‡ì m‡nvì fvB DËivwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kivi ûgwK w`‡q‡Q Ges bvbv ai‡bi
lohš¿ K‡i‡Q|
15| Ab¨vb¨ fvlvI Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZ¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡o‡Q| ïay D`y© fvlvi Dci wfwË K‡i G wek¦e¨vcx
Av‡›`vjb Pvjv‡bv mwVK n‡e bv| G e¨vcv‡i wbgœ c`‡ÿç‡jv †bqv n‡q‡Q|
(K) gvIjvbv gvmD` Avjg b`fxi `vwq‡Z¡ RjÜ‡i Ô`viæj AvivweqvÕ cÖwZôvb Kv‡qg Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKQz
eB‡qi Aviex ZiRgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wKQz D”Pgv‡bi Aviex mvwnZ¨ •Zixi B”Qv Av‡Q| Aviex fvlvq GKwU
cwÎKv cÖKv‡kiI cwiKíbv Av‡Q|
(L) Ô`viæj Bmjv‡gÕ emevmiZ ZzKx© gynvwRi Rbve Avhg nv‡kgx ØxwbqvZ I Lyrev‡Zi ZzKx© fvlvq ZiRgv
m¤úbœ K‡i‡Qb| KvR AviI Pj‡Q|
(M) gvjvev‡ii gvjqvjg fvlvq nvRx we wc gynv¤§` Avjx mv‡ne ØxwbqvZ, LyrevZ I Ab¨vb¨ wKQz eB‡qi
ZiRgv †kl K‡i‡Qb| mZ¡i cÖKv‡ki m¤¢vebv Av‡Q|
N) gv`ªv‡Ri K_¨ Zvwgj fvlvq ZiRgvi R‡b¨ kvqL Ave`yjøvn mv‡ne‡K •Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q|
O) ¸RivUx fvlvq ZiRgvi KvR BmgvCj GLjvm mv‡ne ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| Lyrev‡Zi wKQz Ask cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| Lyrev‡Zi Aewkóvsk Ges wmqvmx KvkgKv‡ki ZiRgv m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q|
P) wmÜx ZiRgvi `vwqZ¡ Gjvnvev` RvgvqvZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| kwšÍc_ ZiRgv n‡q †M‡Q| mZ¡i AviI
wKQz ZiRgv Avkv Kiv hvq|
Q) Rvgvqv‡Zi AÁv‡ZB wmÜx fvlvq Øxwbqv‡Zi ZiRgv n‡q‡Q| GLb ixwZg‡Zv ZiRgvi KvR ïiæ
Kivi B”Qv Av‡Q|
R) R‣bK iæK‡b RvgvqvZ KziAv‡bi Pvi †g․wjK cwifvlvi Bs‡iRx ZiRgv ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| Bs‡iRx
fvlvq D”Pv‡½i ZiRgvi R‡b¨ Dchy³ †jv‡Ki Afve we‡klfv‡e Abyf‚Z n‡”Q|
16| †K›`ªxq cÖKvkbxi cÿ †_‡K ÔKziAvb wK Pvi eywbqv`x Bw¯Íjv‡nu, Bmjvgx Bev`Z ci ZvnKxKx bhi,
ÔnvKxKv‡Z ZvInx`Õ Ges Ô`vIqv‡Z Bmjvgx Kv Zix‡K KviÕ cÖKvkbvi c‡_ (hš¿¯ )|
17| cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z c„_K c„_K KvB‡qg wb‡qv‡Mi wm×všÍ n‡q‡Q| wenv‡i mvB‡q` gynv¤§` ûmvBb mv‡ne
Ges `wÿY fvi‡Z mvB‡q` wmeMvZzjøvn eLwZqvix mv‡ne‡K H AÂ‡ji iæKb‡ì mv‡_ civgk©µ‡g
KvB‡qg wbhy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡j G eë¯ vcbv wbf©i Ki‡Q Dchy³ †jvK I Dcvq-Dcv`v‡bi
Dci|
18| †K‡›`ª wkÿvMvi cÖwZôvi e¨vcv‡i gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx I Avãyj RveŸvi MvRx mv‡ne
G‡m‡Qb| AviI wKQz Amyweav Av‡Q| Zv `~i n‡jB `vimMvn ev wkÿvMvi cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡e|
wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§` mv‡n‡ei wi‡cvU© cv‡Vi ci gvIjvbv gI`~`x Avgxi Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx fvlY `vb
K‡ib| fvl‡Yi welqe¯‧ wQj `vIqv‡Z Bmjvgx I Zvi Kg©c×wZ| fvlY AZ¨šÍ ü`qMÖvnx I bgª fvlvq
†`qv nq Ges Zvi weivU cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq| fvl‡Yi mswÿß mvi wbgœiƒc t
gvIjvbv e‡jb-
1| e‡›`Mv‡b †Lv`v w`b w`b AwaK msL¨vq Avgv‡ì `vIqv‡Zi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡”Q †`‡L Avgv‡ì gb
K…ZÁZvi fvev‡e‡M DØy× n‡”Q| Zuv‡ì G AvKl©Y Aek¨ n‡Ki cÖwZ| KviY nK e¨ZxZ Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q
AvK…ó Kivi Avi †Kvb e¯‧B †bB|
2| Avgv‡ì `vIqvZ m¤ú‡K© mvaviYZ G K_v ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, Avgiv ûKzg‡Z Gjvwnqv cÖwZôvi AvnŸvb
RvbvB| ....... G aviYv †_‡K mZK©Zvi mv‡_ G A_© †ei Kiv nq †h, Avgiv ïay kvmb ÿgZv n¯ÍMZ
Ki‡Z PvB| A_P hw` †KD †Lvjv g‡b Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ cvV K‡i, Zvn‡j Zvi Kv‡Q G K_v mn‡RB my¯úó
n‡q hv‡e †h, Avgv‡ì jÿ¨ ïaygvÎ GKUv ivR‣bwZK eë¯ vi cÖwZôvB bq, eiÂ Avgiv PvB †h, †MvUv
gvbe Rxe‡b e¨w³MZ I mvgwMÖK Rxe‡b Ggb GK me©e¨vcx wecøe mvab †nvK hv Bmjvg Ki‡Z Pvq Ges
hvi R‡b¨ Avjøvn Zvqvjv bexMY‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb| hvi `vIqvZ †Ìqvi Ges msMÖvg Kivi R‡b¨
bexM‡Yi †bZ…‡Z¡ gymwjg D¤§vni bv‡g GKwU `j me©`vB MwVZ n‡Z _v‡K|
Avgv‡ì `vIqvZ wZbwU `dvq †`qv nq t
(K) Avgiv mvaviYZ mKj e‡›`Mv‡b †Lv`v‡K Ges we‡kl K‡i gymjgvb‡ì‡K Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î
Avjøvni ûKzg kvmb †g‡b Pjvi `vIqvZ w`B|
(L) †h e¨w³ G `vIqvZ Keyj K‡i, Zvi Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì `vex GB †h, †m †hb Zvi Rxe‡b gybv‡dKx Ges
K_v I Kv‡Ri •elg¨ `~i K‡i| Avi hLb †m GKRb gymjgvb A_ev gymjgvb n‡Z Pvq, ZLb Zv‡K
mwZ¨Kv‡i gymjgvb n‡Z n‡e Ges Bmjv‡gi i‡O iwÄZ n‡q †m GKwbô n‡q hv‡e|
(M) Rxeb eë¯ v evwZjcš x, cvcvPvix I †Lv`v‡`ªvnx‡ì nvZ †_‡K wb‡q Av`wk©K I ev¯Íe Dfq w`K w`‡q
gy‡gbxb-mv‡jnx‡bi nv‡Z b¨¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e|
3| AZ¨šÍ cwiZv‡ci welq, G `vIqv‡Zi cÖwZ bvwmKv KzwÂZKvix, Zv‡K wb‡Ri R‡b¨ Avk¼vRbK
g‡bKvix Ges Zvi cÖwZeÜKZvq AMÖMvgx n‡q msMÖvgKvix Agymjgvb bq, eiÂ gymjgvb|
4| Ggb A‡bK Agymjgvb‡K †`‡LwQ huviv ¯^ZtcÖe„Ëfv‡e GK_v e‡j‡Qb, Avnv hw` GB BmjvgB fvi‡Zi
ey‡K †ck Kiv n‡Zv Ges Zv‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi R‡b¨ hviv evBi †_‡K G‡mwQ‡jb Ges GLv‡b hviv Bmjvg
MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, Zviv hw` †Póv Ki‡Zb, Zvn‡j fvi‡Zi wPÎ Ab¨ iKg n‡Zv Ges G †`‡ki BwZnvm
Ab¨fv‡e wjwLZ n‡Zv|
5| bex (mt) GKw`‡K evwZ‡ji mswgkªY †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i, LuvwU mZ¨‡K GKwU cwic~Y© Rxeb eë¯ v
wn‡m‡e †ck K‡ib Ges Aciw`‡K wZwb GUvI †P‡qwQ‡jb, †h ZvInx`‡K Avgiv mZ¨ e‡j g‡b Kwi Zvi
wecixZ Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxeb †_‡K †ei K‡i w`B| AZtci †MvUv Rxeb eë¯ v‡K †m
ZvInx‡ì wfwË‡Z M‡o Zzwj| Dciš‧ †h g~jbxwZ I •bwZKZv‡K Avgiv Kwócv_i e‡j ¯^xKvi Kwi
Avgv‡ì †MvUv Rxeb eë¯ v‡K †m g~jbxwZi Dci ev¯Í‡e Kv‡qg Kwi| ..... Avgv‡ì G `vIqv‡Zi d‡jB
Pviw`K †_‡K we‡ivwaZvi So DwÌZ nq|
6| we‡ivwaZvi GUvB KviY †h, hLb Avgiv Øx‡b nK I Zvi `vex‡K wbQK eyw×e„wËK w`K w`‡q †ck
Kiv‡K h‡_ó g‡b Kwi bv, eiÂ G `vIqvZI w`B †h, åvšÍ eë¯ vi mv‡_ Ime eySvcovI †kl K‡i `vI hv
†Zvgiv K‡i †i‡LQ Ges c~Y© GKvMÖZv, wbôv I GKiƒcZvmn (Uniformity) m‡Zï AvbyMZ¨ Aej¤^b Ki|
AZtci G evwZ‡ji ¯ v‡b nK cÖwZwôZ Kivi R‡b¨ Rvbgvj, mgq I kª‡gi Kzievbx Ki, hvi Dci †Zvgiv
Cgvb G‡bQ| G Aciva Ggb bq hv D‡cÿv Kiv hvq| AZGe Pviw`K †_‡K we‡ivwaZvi So m„wó Kiv
n‡”Q|
7| Avgv‡ì `vIqv‡Zi g‡Zv Avgv‡ì Kg©c×wZI KziAvb gRx` Ges bexM‡Yi Kg©c×wZ †_‡K M„nxZ|
hviv Avvg‡ì `vIqvZ Keyj K‡ib, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì cÖv_wgK `vex GB †h, ÒAvcwb Avcbvi wbR‡K
cy‡ivcywi i‡ei e‡›`Mx‡Z DrmM© Kiæb| wb‡Ri Avgj Øviv Avcbvi AvšÍwiKZv I GKwbôvi cÖgvY w`b|
Zvici wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K Hme wKQz †_‡K cvKcweÎ Kiæb hv Avcbvi Cgv‡bi wecixZ|Ó GLvb †_‡KB Zuvi
PwiÎ MVb I AwMœcixÿvi avivevwnKZv ïiæ nq|
8| G gZev` I c_ Kvh©Z Aej¤^b Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B †m e¨w³i AwZ AvcbRb `ykgb n‡q hvq| Zvi
Avcb jvjb‡ÿÎ Zvi R‡b¨ †g․gvwQ, wfgiæ‡ji Pv‡K cwiYZ nq| G n‡”Q cÖv_wgK ZiweqZMvn
(cÖwkÿY‡ÿÎ) hv mr, GKwbô I wbf©i‡hvM¨ Kgx© m„wó Kivi R‡b¨ Avjøvn Zvqvjv Avgv‡ì R‡b¨ ¯^qs cq`v
K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| G cÖv_wgK AwMœcixÿvq hviv e¨_©Kvg nq, Zviv Avcbv-Avcwb wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq| Avi hviv
G‡Z mdjKvg nq, Zviv cÖgvY K‡i †`q †h, Zvi g‡a¨ m¤¢eZ G‡ZvLvvwb AvšÍwiKZv, GKwbôv, •ah©,
msKí n‡Ki R‡b¨ G‡ZvUzKz fv‡jvevmv, G‡ZvUzKz gReyZ PwiÎ Aek¨B we`¨gvb Av‡Q, hv †Lv`vi c‡_ K`g
ivLvi R‡b¨ Ges Cgv‡bi cÖ_g ¯Íi mvd‡jï mv‡_ AwZµg Kivi R‡b¨ Acwinvh©...... ïay G c×wZ‡ZB
•Zix Kiv ZvKIqvi g‡a¨ G kw³ n‡Z cv‡i hvi Øviv `ywbqv cwiPvjbvi ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ enb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
9| Avgv‡ì iæKb‡ì R‡b¨ Acwinvh© †h, Zuviv †h n‡Ki Av‡jv †c‡q‡Qb, Zvi Øviv Zv‡ì Avcb
cwi‡ek, AvZ¥xq, eÜz, cÖwZ‡ekx cÖf…wZ‡K Av‡jvwKZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡ì‡K Gw`‡K Avmvi
`vIqvZ †`‡eb| G ZejxM †_‡K Avevi GK AwMœcixÿv ïiæ n‡q hvq| .... gyevwjø‡Mi ¯^xq Rxeb
ms‡kvwaZ nq.... KviY AmsL¨ m~²`„wó Zvi w`‡K wbe× nq| gyevwjø‡Mi ¯^xq Rxe‡b hw` ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª †Kvb
e¯‧ Zvi Cgvb I `vIqv‡Zi cwicš x we`¨gvb _v‡K, Zvn‡j A‣eZwbK wQ`ªv‡š^lx mgv‡jvPK Zv‡K my¯úó
K‡i gyevwjø‡Mi mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i| Zvici fr©mbv K‡i gyevwjøM‡K Zvi Rxeb‡K H me †`vl †_‡K cvK
cweÎ Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| hw` gyevwjøM cÖK…Zc‡ÿ LuvwU g‡b Cgvb G‡b _v‡K, Zvn‡j †m Gme mgv‡jvPbvq
wei³ n‡e bv Ges e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY K‡i Zvi ÎæwU jy‡Kvevi †PóvI Ki‡e bv| eiÂ Zv‡ì G mgv‡jvPbvi
my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i wb‡Ri ms‡kvab Ki‡e| GUv wVK †h †Kvb evmb, evwU hw` wek nv‡Z gvRv ïiæ K‡i Ges
gvR‡ZB _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zv h‡Zv Acwi®‥vi †nvK bv †Kb, SKS‡K cwi®‥vi n‡q hvq|
10| gyevwjøM‡K bvbv iK‡gi nZvkve¨ÄK Ae¯ vi †fZi w`‡q Pj‡Z nq ...... †h Kgx© mvnm nvivq bv, nK
†_‡K m‡i hvq bv, evwZjcš x‡ì Kv‡Q bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i bv, D‡ËwRZ n‡q gw¯Í‡®‥i fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q †d‡j
bv.... eiÂ mwZ¨Kvi mZ¨cš xi b¨vq mnvbyf‚wZ I ïfvKv•¶vmn Avcb c_ I g‡Zi Dci AUj _v‡K Ges
Avcb cwi‡ek ms‡kvab Kivi Ae¨vnZ †Póv K‡i, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gnvb ¸Yvejx m„wó nIqv Ges Zv weKvk
jvf Kivi G wbðqZv `vb K‡i †h, fwel¨‡Z Avgv‡ì msMÖv‡gi
wewfbœ ch©v‡q G me ¸Yvejx we‡kl Kv‡R jvM‡e|
11| Avcbviv weÁZvi mv‡_ Ges DrK…ó Dc‡`kg~jK cš vq Avjøvni c‡_ gvbyl‡K `vIqvZ w`‡Z _vKzb|
µgvš^‡q Ges ¯^vfvweK µgavivi cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L †jv‡Ki mvg‡b cÖv_wgK g~jbxwZ¸‡jv Ges Zvici
µgvš^‡q †m m‡ei `vex I Acwinvh©Zv †ck Kiæb| KvD‡K Zvi nRgkw³i AwZwi³ †LvivK †èvi †Póv
Ki‡eb bv| LyuwUbvwU welq¸‡jv‡K †g․j wel‡qi Dci cÖvavb¨ †`‡eb bv| †g․wjK †`vlÎæwU `~i bv K‡i
evwn¨K †`vlÎæwU `~i Kivi Ges evB‡ii kvLv-cÖkvLv KvUv-QuvUvi Kv‡R wb‡Ri mgq bó Ki‡eb bv|
hviv J`vmxb¨, Ae‡njv Ges wek¦vmg~jK I ev¯Íe ¸givnx‡Z wjß, Zv‡ì cÖwZ N„Yv cÖ`k©b Kivi
cwie‡Z© GKRb wPwKrm‡Ki b¨vq, mnvb~f‚wZ I ïfvKv•¶vmn Zv‡ì †ivM wbevi‡Yi †Póv Ki‡eb| Mvwj I
wXj LvIqvi Rev‡e g½j Kvgbv K‡i †`vqv Kiv wkLyb| AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡b •ah© aiæb| AÁ †jvK‡ì mv‡_
ZK©weZK© I SMov-SvwU‡Z wjß n‡eb bv| †eû`v I AmsjMœ K_v ïb‡j D`vi‡PZv I f`ª‡jv‡Ki g‡Zv Zv
D‡cÿv Kiæb| hviv nK †_‡K †ec‡ivqv n‡q i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì †cQ‡b †j‡M _vKvi cwie‡Z© Zv‡ì w`‡K
g‡bv‡hvM w`b, hv‡ì g‡a¨ mZ¨vbymwÜrmv †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| ..... G c×wZ‡Z `vIqv‡Zi KvR K‡iB
mgv‡Ri ga¨ †_‡K cÖwZfvevb †jvK‡ì †ei K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b jvwM‡q †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i...... G c×wZ‡ZB
mgv‡Ri mr I gnËg e¨w³ Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZ AvK…ó nq Ges Av‡›`vj‡bi R‡b¨ gReyZ Kgx© cvIqv hvq|
12| Avgv‡ì Kg©c×wZi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask GB †h, Avgiv Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì‡K evwZj wbhv‡gi
AvBbvbyM I wePvi wefvMxq iÿYv‡eÿY †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i †i‡LwQ Ges cÖKv‡k¨ `ywbqv‡K e‡j w`‡qwQ †h,
Avgiv Avgv‡ì gvbweK AwaKvi, Rvb, gvj, BhhZ-Aveeiæ cÖf…wZi wbivcËvi R‡b¨ G eë¯ vi †Kvb
mvnvh¨ wb‡Z PvB bv hv‡K Avgiv evwZj I åvšÍ g‡b Kwi|
13| hLb Avgiv ewj †h, †Lv`v e¨ZxZ gvbe Rxe‡bi AvBb cÖYq‡bi AwaKvi Avi Kv‡iv †bB, hLb
Avgv‡ì `vex GB †h, mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i AwaKvi GKgvÎ †Lv`vi Ges Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ I Zuvi AvBb †g‡b Pjv
e¨ZxZ hgx‡bi Dci ûKg, kvmb Kivi AwaKvi Avi Kv‡iv †bB, hLb Avgv‡ì wek¦vm GB †h, †h e¨w³ ev
`j †Lv`vqx AvB‡bi mb` e¨ZxZ gvbexq KvR-Kviev‡ii dvqmvjv K‡i, †m Kv‡di, dv‡mK I hv‡jg,
ZLb G Acwinvh© n‡o c‡q †h, Avgiv Avgv‡ì AwaKv‡ii eywbqv` gvbe iwPZ AvB‡bi Dci cÖwZwôZ
Kie bv Ges mZ¨-AmZ¨ wba©vi‡Yi AwaKvi Ggb †Kvb miKv‡ii Dci †Q‡o w`‡q ivLe bv hv‡K Avgiv
evwZj g‡b Kwi|
14| Avcbviv hw` nK I evwZ‡ji dvqmvjvi `vwqZ¡ †Lv`vi wKZve I im~‡ji mybœv‡Zi cwie‡Z© gvby‡li
Dci Ac©Y Ki‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcbv‡i G c~Y© GLwZqvi Av‡Q †h, Avcbv‡ì fwel¨Z gvby‡li DciB
†mvc`© Kiæb Ges †Lv`vi Kv‡Q GB e‡j Reve †`‡eb Avgiv Avgv‡ì Øxb †Zvgvi wKZve I †Zvgvi
im~‡ji mybœv‡Zi cwie‡Z© AgyK e¨w³i Dci †mvc©` K‡iwQjvg| G Revew`wn hw` Avcbv‡ì‡K †Lv`vi
ILv‡b euvPv‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j Zvi Dci wbwðZ n‡q KvR Ki‡Z _vKzb|
15| ïay fvi‡ZB bq, mviv `ywbqvq †h ivR‣bwZK mgm¨v GLb we`¨gvb Zvi mviK_v Avgvi g‡Z GB †h,
gvby‡li †h cwRkb `ywbqvq wQj bv Zv‡K Ah_v wb‡Ri cwRkb evwb‡q †bevi R‡b¨ GK¸u‡qwg Ki‡jv Ges
Avcb PwiÎ, mf¨Zv-ms¯‥…wZ, A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZi eywbqv` †Lv`v †_‡K ¯^vaxb n‡q Avcb †¯^”QvPvwiZvi
Dci ¯ vcb Ki‡jv, hvi cwiYvg AvR weivU AkvwšÍ-AbvPvi Ges cvcvPv‡ii GK cÖPÐ S‡oi iƒc jvf
Ki‡Q|
16| Bmjvg †_‡K †h mZ¨wU Avwg Dcjwä K‡iwQ, Avgvi g‡Z Zvi wfwË‡Z fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì, fvi‡Zi
mgMÖ Awaevmxi Ges mviv gymwjg I Agymwjg `ywbqvi, ivRbxwZi mgvavb ïaygvÎ GB †h, Avgiv mK‡j
†Lv`vi `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨ Aej¤^b Kie, Zuvi AvBb‡K Rxe‡bi AvBb e‡j †g‡b †be Ges `ywbqvi eë¯ vcbvi
GLwZqvi dv‡mK-dv‡R‡ii cwie‡Z© †bK ev›`vn‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j †è| Avgv‡ì †Póv-PwiÎ Gi DciB
e¨wqZ n‡Z _vK‡e| `ywbqvi †jvK hw` Avgv‡ì K_vq g‡bv‡hvM †`q, Zvn‡j g½j Zv‡ìB n‡e| Avi
g‡bv‡hvM bv w`‡j wb‡RiB Ag½j †W‡K Avb‡e|
17| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avgiv Ggb GK`j †jvK •Zix Ki‡Z PvB, hviv GKw`‡K ZvKIqv-ci‡nhMvix‡Z
cvwifvwlK gyËvKx ci‡nhMvi‡ì †_‡K †ekx fv‡jv n‡e Ges Ab¨w`‡K `ywbqvi eë¯ vcbv cwiPvjbv Kivi
†hvM¨ZvI mvaviY `ywbqv`vi †_‡K †ekx ivL‡e| Avgv‡ì g‡Z `ywbqvi mKj Awb‡ói eo KviY GB †h,
†bK †jvK †bKxi mwVK gg© bv Rvbvi R‡bÏ †Kv_vI wbR©‡b e‡m c‡o Ges `ywbqvi mKj KvR-Kvievi
Amr †jv‡Ki nv‡Z G‡m hvq, hv‡ì gy‡L †bK Kv‡Ri K_v ïbv †M‡jI Zv gvbyl‡K †auvKv †`qvi R‡b¨| G
Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZKvi ïay GB n‡Z cv‡i †h, mr †jv‡Ki GKwU `j msMwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e, hviv
†Lv`vfxiæI n‡e, mZ¨wbô, mZëv`x Ges wek¦¯ÍI n‡e, †Lv`vi evwÃZ PwiÎ I ¸Yvejxi Øviv f‚wlZ n‡e|
†mB mv‡_ `ywbqvi KvR-Kvievi `ywbqv`vi‡ì †_‡K fv‡jvfv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡e Ges ¯^qs `ywbqv`vixi †fZi
w`‡qB Avcb Kg©‣bcyY¨ I †hvM¨Zvi Øviv Zv‡ì‡K civf‚Z Ki‡e|
18| Avwg GK_v ej‡Z cvwi bv †h, G wecøe Gfv‡e n‡e| Z‡e AvMvgx Kv‡ji m~‡h©v`‡qi cÖwZ †hgb
Avgvi `„p wek¦vm i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb G `„p wek¦vmI Avgvi Av‡Q †h, G wecøe n‡eB n‡e| wKš‧ kZ© GB †h,
†bK †jvK‡ì Ggb GKwU `j msMwVZ Ki‡Z mvdj¨ AR©b hLb Kiv hv‡e|
gvIjvbvi Dc‡iv³ fvlY mgvwßi ci Dcw¯ Z †kªvZv‡ì AbygwZµ‡g RvgvqvZ-Kgx©‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i
gvIjvbv wbgœwjwLZ K_v¸‡jv e‡jb|
1| Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì †m `vwqZ¡ Abyfe Kiæb, hv Avcbviv ÁvZmv‡i †Lv`vi Kv‡Q `„p kc_ K‡i
wb‡R‡ì Dci Av‡ivc K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| †m kc‡_i `vex GB †h t
(K) Avcbviv Avjøvni AvBb †ekx †ekx †g‡b Pj‡eb| Avcbv‡ì AvKx`vn-wek¦vm, K_v I Kv‡R cwic~Y©
mvgÄm¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| Avcbv‡ì Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kvb w`K _vK‡e bv, †hLv‡b Avcbv‡ì wPšÍvaviv I KvR
H Bmjvg †_‡K wfbœiƒc n‡e, hvi Dci Avcbviv Cgvb G‡b‡Qb|
(L) †h Bmjv‡gi Dci Avcbviv Cgvb G‡b‡Qb Ges hv‡K Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì ev`kvni Øxb g‡b K‡ib,
hv‡K Avcbviv †MvUv gvbe RvwZi R‡b¨ mZ¨ e‡j Rv‡bb Ges Kj¨v‡Yi GKgvÎ Dcvq g‡b K‡ib, Zv‡K
Ab¨vb¨ mKj Øxb, †`k I eë¯ vi Dci weRqx I mgybœZ Kivi R‡b¨ Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ G‡ZvUzKz Aw¯ iZv
_vKv DwPZ h‡ZvUv Aw¯ iZv AvR evwZj eë¯ vi AbymvixMY Zv‡ì åvšÍ eë¯ v I jy‡Uiv‡ì mg_©b I
mgybœwZi R‡b¨ †`Lv‡”Q ........ Zv‡ì •ah©, kªg I Z¨vM, Zv‡ì wec`-Avc` nvwmgy‡L eiY Kiv Ges
Avcb D‡Ï‡kï cÖwZ Zv‡ì Mfxi fv‡jvevmv-Gme‡K Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Ri Øviv cwigvc K‡i †`Lyb
Ges Abyfe Kiæb †h, G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì mv‡_ Avcbv‡ì Zzjbv KZLvwb n‡Z cv‡i|
2| †h Aíwe¯Íi `„wókw³ I `~i`wk©Zv Avjøvn Zvqvjv Avgv‡ì‡K w`‡q‡Qb Zvi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv Lye
fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ †h, eZ©gvb mg‡qi Av‡›`vjb I Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡i †Kvb GKwUi g‡aÏ gymjgvb‡ì
†iv‡Mi †Kvb cÖwZKvi †bB Ges Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z D‡ÏkÏ Zvi Øviv c~iY nevi bq| Avgv‡ì `„p wek¦vm
†h, G ai‡bi Av‡›`vjb hw` kZ kZ eQi a‡i c~Y© mvdj¨ I •nnjøvmn Pj‡Z _v‡K, Z_vwc Rxeb eë¯ vi
g‡a¨ mwZ¨Kvi †Kvb wecøe mvwaZ n‡e bv|
mwZ¨Kvi wecøe hw` †Kvb Av‡›`vj‡bi Øviv nq Zvn‡j Zv ïay Avgv‡ì G Av‡›`vjb| Zvi R‡b¨
GB GKwUB ¯^vfvweK Kg©c×wZ i‡q‡Q, hv Avgiv Lye wPšÍvfvebv K‡i Ges G Øx‡bi †gRvR, cÖK…wZ I Zvi
BwZnv‡mi cy•Lvbycy•L ch©v‡jvPbvi ci Aej¤^b K‡iwQ|
3| Avgv‡ì Kgx©evwnbxi g‡a¨ †ek wKQz msL¨K Ggb cvIqv hvq hviv ZejxM I Bmjv‡ni (ms¯‥vi-
ms‡kvab) Kv‡R K‡Vvi c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb| Ggb g‡b nq †h, c_åó †jvK‡ì ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨
Zv‡ì Aw¯ iZv Z‡ZvUv †bB h‡ZvUv Av‡Q Zv‡ì‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i `~‡i wb‡ÿc Kivi| Øx‡bi Drmvn-D`¨g
Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ mnvbyf‚wZ-ïfvKv•¶vi †cÖiYv Z‡ZvUv mÂvi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, h‡ZvUv K‡i‡Q N„Yv I iv‡Mi
†cÖiYv| Avgv‡ì Ggb g‡b nq †h, hviv Avjøvni AbyMÖ‡n Ges wb‡Ri †m․fvM¨µ‡g mZ¨ jvf K‡i‡Qb,
Zuv‡ì G mZ¨cÖvwß K…ZÁZvi cwie‡Z© Me©-A¼Kv‡ii gvbwmKZv m„wó K‡i‡Q|
4| e¨vcvi GB †h, GKwU AatcwZZ mgv‡R mwVK Áv‡bi AwaKvix I mrKg©kxj †jv‡Ki `„óvšÍ gnvgvix‡Z
AvµvZ Rbc‡` KwZcq my¯  †jv‡Ki g‡Zv, hviv wPwKrmvwe`¨vqI AwfÁ Ges hv‡ì Kv‡Q wKQz JlacÎI
i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡K ejyb †h, G gnvgvix AvµvšÍ Rbc‡` G gywó‡gq †jv‡Ki mwZ¨Kvi ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ wK? Giv wK
Gme †ivMx Ges Zv‡ì †ivMRwbZ `~wlZ Acwi®‥vi A½cÖZ¨½¸‡jv‡K N„Yv Ki‡e? Zv‡ì‡K wK `~‡i
Zvwo‡q †`‡e, †d‡j cvwj‡q hv‡e, bv wb‡R‡K wecbœ K‡i Zvi wPwKrmvi I †mev-ïkÖælvi †Póv Ki‡e?
gvIjvbvi e³…Zvi ci gvM‡ie ch©šÍ weiwZ †NvlYv Kiv nq| gvM‡i‡ei ci wi‡cv‡U©i mgv‡jvPbv I
ch©v‡jvPbv nq|
ciw`b Rygvi bvgv‡hi c~e© ch©šÍ wi‡cvU© ch©v‡jvPbvB nq| gvIjvbv gI`~`x Rygvi Lyrev †`b Ges cÖ_g
Lyrevq D`y©‡Z fvlY †`b|
m‡¤§j‡bi wØZxq w`‡b A_©vr 20†k GwcÖj Gkvi ci gRwj‡m k~ivi •eVK nq| ci w`b 21†k GwcÖj
Aewkó wi‡cvU©¸‡jvi ch©v‡jvPbv I Zvi mgv‡jvPbv nq| GB w`b ev` gvM‡ie Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ gvIjvbv
gI`~`x m‡¤§j‡bi mgvwß fvlY †ck K‡ib| Zuvi mgvwß fvl‡Y hv wKQz e‡jY Zvi mswÿßmvi wbgœiƒc t
1| Avgv‡ì msMÖv‡gi P‚ovšÍ jÿ¨ †bZ…‡Z¡i wecøe| A_©vr `ywbqvq Avgiv †h P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡q †c․uQ‡Z PvB
Zvn‡jv GB †h, dv‡mK-dv‡Ri‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡i Aemv‡bi ci mr †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôv Kiv| GKvR Ae‡njv Kivi
ci Ggb †Kvb Avgj Avi n‡Z cv‡i bv hvi Øviv gvbyl Avjøvni mš‧wó jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2| Bmjvgx `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mr †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôv D‡Ï‡kï w`K w`‡q †K›`ªxq ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| †h e¨w³ Øx‡bi
Dci Cgvb G‡b‡Q Zvi KvR G‡ZvUzKz‡ZB †kl n‡q hvq bv †h, †m Zvi †MvUv Rxeb‡K h_vm¤¢e Bmjv‡gi
Quv‡P †X‡j Mo‡e| eiÂ Zvi Cgv‡biB `vex GB †h, †m Zvi †PóvPwiÎ GKwU D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxf‚Z Ki‡e †h
†bZ…Z¡ dv‡mK I dv‡Ri‡ì nvZ †_‡K mr †jv‡Ki nv‡Z Avm‡e Ges mZ¨wbô eë¯ v Kv‡qg n‡e hv
Avjøvni gwR© Abyhvqx `ywbqvi eë¯ vcbv‡K ms‡kvwaZ Ki‡e I ivL‡e|
3| †h‡nZz G gnvb D‡Ïk¨ mvgvwRK †PóvPwiÎ e¨ZxZ nvwmj n‡Z cv‡i bv, †mR‡b¨ Gi R‡b¨ Ggb GKwU
mZ¨wbô `‡ji AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki cÖ‡qvRb hv ¯^qs bxwZevb n‡e Ges mZ¨wbô eë¯ v Kv‡qg Kiv, Kv‡qg ivLv I
mwVKfv‡e Zv cwiPvjbv Kiv e¨ZxZ `ywbqvq Avi †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ Zvi _vK‡e bv|
4| Avjøvn Avgv‡K Øxb m¤ú‡K© Aíwe¯Íi †h Ávb`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges KziAvb-mybœvn Aa¨q‡bi ci †h AšÍ`w„© ó
Avwg jvf K‡iwQ Zvi †_‡K Øx‡bi `vex GB e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| Avgvi GB `„wó‡Z wKZv‡e Bjvnxi `vexB
GB| GB n‡”Q bexM‡Yi mybœvZ Ges G AwfgZ †_‡K m‡i ùvov‡Z cvwi bv h‡ZvÿY ch©šÍ bv †KD †Lv`vi
wKZve I Zuvi im~‡ji mybœvZ †_‡K G K_v cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h, Øx‡bi `vex GUv bq|
5| †h wek¦RM‡Z Avgiv evm Kwi Zv‡K Avjøvn Zvqvjv GK AvB‡bi Aaxb K‡i evwb‡q‡Qb Ges Zvi
cÖwZwU e¯‧ GK Acwinvh© AvB‡bi Aax‡b Pj‡Q| GLv‡b †Kvb cÖ‡Póv wbQK cweÎ evmbv I †bK wbq‡Zi
wfwË‡Z mdj n‡Z cv‡i bv| eiÂ Zvi R‡b¨ Dc‡iv³ kZ©vejx c~iY nIqv Riæix hv Avjøvni AvBb
Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ|
6| †h †bZ…‡Z¡i wecøe Avcbviv Pvb Zv wbQK †`vqv Ges gnr Kvgbvi Øviv AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Zvi R‡b¨ GUv Acwinvh© †h, Avcbviv †h Avjøvni AvBb Dcjwä Ki‡eb Ges Hme kZ© c~iY Ki‡eb- hvi
gva¨‡g `ywbqvq mr †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZôv n‡q _v‡K|
7| gvby‡li mvdj¨-Amvdj¨ Ges DbœwZ-AebwZ •elwqK I •bwZK Dfq kw³i DciB wbf©ikxj| bv Zv
•elwqK kw³i gyLv‡cÿxnxb n‡Z cv‡i, Avi bv •bwZK kw³i| wKš‧ cÖK…Z wm×všÍKi ¸iæZ¡ •bwZK
kw³iB-•elwqK kw³i bq|
8| hLb Avgiv •bwZK ch©v‡jvPbv Kwi, ZLb bxwZMZfv‡e Zv‡K Avgiv `ywU fv‡M wef³ †`L‡Z cvB|
†g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZv I Bmjvgx •bwZKZv|
9| †g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZvi g‡a¨ Hme ¸Yvejx kvwgj, hv `ywbqvi gvbexq mvd‡jï R‡b¨ Acwinvh©
kZ©- Zv †m †Kvb gnr D‡Ï‡k¨ KvR KiæK A_ev nxb D‡Ï‡k¨|
(K) gywgb †nvK A_ev Kv‡di, ms¯‥viK †nvK A_ev †dZbv m„wóKvix, †m G Ae¯ vq GKRb KwiZKg©v
gvbyl n‡Z cv‡i hw` Zvi g‡a¨ _v‡K B”Qvkw³, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi kw³, mvnm I msKí, •ah© I AwePjZv,
mnbkxjZv, exiZ¡, Kg©ZrciZv I Kg©VZv, mZK©Zv I wePÿYZv| Zvi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z n‡e k„•Ljvi mv‡_
KvR Kivi iæwP, gvbwmKZv, KZ©e¨civqYZv, `vwqZ¡vbyf~wZ, cwiw¯ wZ Dcjwä Kivi Ges Z`byhvqx wb‡R‡K
•Zix Kivi I mwVK c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi †hvM¨Zv| Zvi g‡a¨ AviI _vK‡Z n‡e fvev‡eM, Kvgbv-evmbv I
D‡ËRbv `g‡bi kw³ Ges Ab¨vb¨‡K AvK…ó Kivi, Zv‡ì g‡b ¯ vb K‡i †bqvi Ges Zv‡ì Øviv KvR MÖnY
Kivi †hvM¨Zv|
(L) Zvici GUvI Acwinvh© †h, Zvi g‡a¨ wKQz bv wKQz f`ªZvg~jK ¸Yvejx cvIqv hv‡e, hv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
gvbeZvi wbh©vm Ges hvi e‡`․j‡Z gvby‡li gh©v`v I wek¦¯ÍZv `ywbqvq cÖwZwôZ nq| †hgb AvZ¥gh©v`v-
†eva, D`viZv, mnvbf‚wZ, AbyMÖn, AbyK¤úv, mywePvi, g‡bi cÖk¯ÍZv, mZëvw`Zv, AvgvbZ`vix I mZ¨wbôv,
cÖwZkÖæwZ c~iY, †h․w³KZv, fvimvg¨, f`ªZv, cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZv Ges AvZ¥mshg|
(M) wKš‧ Gme wKQzi GKÎ mgv‡e‡kI Kvh©Z GKwU m„`„p I Kvh©Ki mvgwóK kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i bv,
h‡ZvÿY bv wKQz Ab¨vb¨ •bwZK ¸Yvejx Zvi mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q G‡m‡Q| †hgb mK‡ji A_ev AwaKvsk
†jv‡Ki †Kvb GK mvgwMÖK j‡ÿ¨ GKgZ nIqv| Zvici Zviv †h jÿ¨‡K Avcb e¨w³MZ ¯^v_© GgbwK
Rvbgvj I mšÍvbvw` A‡cÿvI AwaKZi wcÖq g‡b Ki‡e| Zv‡ì ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ fvjevmv I mnvbyf‚wZ
_vK‡e| mw¤§wjZfv‡e KvRKg© Ki‡e| fv‡jvg›` †bZ…‡Z¡i cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †bZv‡ì g‡a¨
AvšÍwiKZv, mwVK bxwZ Aej¤^b Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¸Yvejx _vK‡e| RvwZ A_ev `j I Avcb †bZv‡ì AvbyMZ¨
Kiv Rvb‡e| Zv‡ì Dci Av¯ v ivL‡e Ges wb‡R‡ì mKj Dcvq-Dcv`vb Zv‡ì Aaxb K‡i w`‡Z cÖ¯‧Z
n‡e| Dciš‧ †MvUv RvwZi g‡a¨ Ggb RxešÍ RvMÖZ RbgZ cvIqv hv‡e hv Ggb †Kvb wKQz wb‡Ri g‡a¨
AbycÖweó n‡Z †`‡e bv, hv mvgwMÖK mvgvwRK Kj¨v‡Yi R‡b¨ ÿwZKi nq|
G K_vB bex (m.) wb‡gœi nv`x‡m eqvb K‡i‡Qb-
Ñ †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi hy‡M fv‡jv wQj, Zviv Bmjvgx mgv‡RI fv‡jv cÖgvwYZ n‡e|
10| Bmjvgx •bwZKZv

Zvici gvIjvbv gI`~`x e‡jb t
GLb •bwZKZvi †m wefvMwU aiæb, hv‡K Bmjvgx •bwZKZv bv‡g AwfwnZ Kwi| G Bmjvgx •bwZKZv
†g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZv †_‡K c„_K †Kvb e¯‧ bq, eiÂ Zvi cwiï× I cwimgvwß|
(K) Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g KvR GB †h, †g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZv‡K GKUv mwVK †K›`ª I Aÿkw³ mieivn K‡i
hvi mv‡_ mswkøó n‡q †m GKUv c~Y©v½ Kj¨v‡Y cwiYZ nq| ZvInx‡ì `vIqv‡Zi Acwinvh© `vex GB †h,
`ywbqvi Rxe‡b gvby‡li mKj †PóvPwiÎ, kªg I mvabvi GKgvÎ jÿ¨ n‡jv Avjøvni mš‧wó|
(L) wØZxq KvR hv •bwZKZvi e¨vcv‡i Bmjvg K‡i Zv GB †h, Zv †g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZv‡K my`„pI K‡i
Ges AZ¨šÍ e¨vcKI| †hgb, •a‡h©i K_vB aiæb| ZvInx‡ì g~j †_‡K †h •ah© Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i Zv
mnbkxjZv I mvnwmKZvi GK AdzišÍ abm¤ú`, hv `ywbqvi mKj evavweNœ GKÎ n‡qI wbt‡kl Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| Aciw`‡K Agymjgbv‡ì •ah© nq AZ¨šÍ mxwgZ| †Mvjvgxi Aweij el©‡YI †h •ah© AwePj wQj,
Zv hw` †h․b Awfjvl PwiZv_© Kivi my‡hvM cvq, Zvn‡j bd‡m Av¤§vivi mvgvb¨ av°v‡ZI Zv wU‡K _vK‡Z
cv‡i bv|
(N) Z…Zxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR GB †h, †m †g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZvi bxPZjvi Dci gnvb •bwZKZvi GK
my›ì †`vZvjv wbg©vY K‡i| Zvi e‡`․j‡Z gvbyl m¤§v‡bi D”PwkL‡i Av‡ivnY K‡i Ges Avcb gb‡K
¯^v_©ciZv, cÖe„wËc~Rv, AZ¨vPvi, wbj©¾Zv Ges jvMvgnxbZv †_‡K cweÎ K‡i| Zv‡K AvZ¥msh‡g Af¨¯Í
K‡i, mKj m„wói R‡b¨ D`vi, `qvjy, mnvbyf‚wZkxj, wek¦¯Í, wbt¯^v_© ïfvKv•¶x, mywePviK Ges mZëv`x I
mZ¨wbô evwb‡q †`q| †m ¯^ZtcÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q G wgkb I Zvi Dci †mvc`© K‡i hv‡Z †m `ywbqvq Kj¨vY
Qov‡Z Ges Awbó eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡i...|
11| Avjøvni mybœvZ GB †h, hw` `ywbqvq Ggb †Kvb msMwVZ gvby‡li `j bv _v‡K hv Bmjvgx •bwZKZv I
†g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZvi Øviv f‚wlZ Ges Zvici e¯‧MZ Dcvq-Dcv`vb eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j
`ywbqvi †bZ…Z¡ I cwiPvjbvi fvi Ggb GK `‡ji Dci Awc©Z nq, hv †g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZv I •elwqK
Dcvq-Dcv`v‡bi w`K w`‡q Ab¨v‡bï Zzjbvq AMÖmi| wKš‧ †Kvb msMwVZ `j hw` Ggb _v‡K hv Bmjvgx
•bwZKZv Ges †g․wjK gvbexq •bwZKZv Dfq w`K w`‡q Aewkó `ywbqvi gvby‡li Dci †kªôZ¡ iv‡L Ges
†mB mv‡_ •elwqK Dcvq-Dcv`vb eënv‡iI ÎæwU K‡i bv Zv n‡j G wKQz‡ZB m¤¢e bq †h, Zvi gyKv‡ejvq
Ab¨ †Kvb `j `ywbqvi †bZ…‡Z¡i AwaKvix n‡q _vK‡Z cvi‡e| Ggb nIqv cÖK…wZiI cwicš x, Avjøvni
mybœv‡Zi cwicš x Ges Hme Iqv`viI †Ljvc hv Avjøvn Zvqvjv gy‡gbxb-mv‡jnx‡bi R‡b¨ K‡i †i‡L‡Qb|
G ai‡bi mymsMwVZ `‡ji wek¦RbxbZvi gyKv‡ejv Kiv `ywbqvi †Kvb kw³i mva¨ †bB|
12| Aek¨ Gi mydj ZLbB cÖKvwkZ n‡Z cv‡i hLb GKwU mr I mZ¨wbô `j G me ¸Yvejxmn we`¨gvb
n‡e| Zvici wbQK Giƒc GKwU `j n‡jB †bZ…‡Z¡i cwieZ©b n‡e bv, Gfv‡e †h GK w`‡K Giƒc GKwU
`j n‡e, Iw`‡K Avmgvb †_‡K wKQz †d‡ikZv †b‡g Avm‡eb dv‡mK-dv‡Ri‡ì‡K ÿgZv †_‡K mwi‡q
mr `jwU‡K ÿgZvq ewm‡q †`‡eb| eiÂ H `jwU‡K Kzdi I cvcvPv‡ii kw³i mv‡_ Rxebfi cÖwZwU
†ÿ‡Î cÖ‡Z¨K K`‡g msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mZ¨ cÖwZôvi c‡_ mKj cÖKvi Kzievbx w`‡q m‡Zï cÖwZ
wb‡R‡ì fv‡jvevmv I wb‡R‡ì †hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY w`‡Z n‡e| G Ggb kZ© hvi †_‡K bexMY‡KI e¨wZµg
Kiv nqwb Avi AvRKvj Gi e¨wZµg †KD n‡e G †Zv AvkvB Kiv hvq bv|
13| •bwZK kw³i mv‡_ Bmjvgx I †g․wjK Dfq cÖKv‡ii •bwZKZvi GK‡Î mgv‡ek n‡j Zv •elwqK
Dcvq-DcKi‡Yi ¯^íZv m‡Ë¡I Hme kw³i Dci weRqx nq hv ïaygvÎ †g․wjK •bwZKZv I •elwqK Dcvq-
Dcv`v‡bi wfwË‡Z AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i|
14| Ggb GKwU `j hv e¨w³MZ, †kªYxMZ I RvZxq ¯^v‡_©i E‡a© _v‡K Zvi †PóvPwi‡Îi D‡Ïk¨ G Qvov
wKQz nq bv †h, †m gvbeZvi Kj¨vY wKQz g~jbxwZ †g‡b Pjvi g‡a¨B †`L‡Z cvq Ges gvbeRxe‡bi eë¯ v
Zvi Dci Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq| Zvici G me g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z †h mgvR †m MVb K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ RvZxq,
Rb¥f‚wg myjf A_ev †f․‡MvwjK, †kªYxMZ Ges eskxq cv_©K¨ †gv‡UB _v‡K bv| mKj gvbyl Zvi g‡a¨ mg-
AwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z kvwgj n‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z c_cÖ`k©K I †bZ…Z¡ Kivi c`gh©v`v cÖ‡Z¨K †mB e¨w³ ev
e¨w³eM© AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i hviv Gme g~jbxwZ cvj‡b me©v‡MÖ _v‡K| d‡j D”PZi gvbeZv wbgœgv‡bi
•elwqK Dcvq-Dcv`vb m‡Ë¡I we‡ivax‡ì cÖPÐ cvkweKZv‡K Ae‡k‡l civf‚Z K‡i| gnvb Pwi‡Îi
nvwZqvi †Zvc I wgRvBj †_‡K AwaK `~icvjøvi e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡e| wVK hy‡×i Ae¯ vq `ykgb eÜz‡Z
cwiYZ n‡e| AvNv‡Zi c~‡e©B Zv‡ì gb Rq Kiv hv‡e| GK GK K‡i Rbc`¸‡jv hy× bv K‡iB wewRZ
n‡e| G mr I mZ¨wbô `j hLb gywó‡gq †jvKRb I hr mvgvb¨ mvRmiÄvg wb‡q KvR ïiæ K‡i †`‡e,
ZLb µgk we‡ivax wkwei †_‡K Zviv †Rbv‡ij, wmcvB, we‡klÁ, A¯¿k¯¿, im`, hy‡×i mvR-miÄvg me
wKQzB †c‡Z _vK‡e|Ó
fvl‡Yi G ch©v‡q gvIjvbv gI`~`x e‡jb-
ÒBmjvgx •bwZKZvi eywbqv`¸‡jv‡K my¯úó fvlvq we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e e‡j †`qv Avwg Riæix g‡b KiwQ|Ó
ÒG eywbqv`¸‡jv KziAvb I mybœvni `„wó‡Z PviwU ¯Í‡i wef³- h_v Cgvb, Bmjvg, ZvKIqv Ges Bnmvb| G
†MvUv cÖvmv‡ì g‡a¨ Cgvb eywbqv` ¯îƒc| G eywbqv‡ì Dc‡i Bmjv‡gi cÖvmv` wbwg©Z nq| AZtci Zvi
Dci ZvKIqv Ges mK‡ji Dci Bnmv‡bi Zjv (Floor) •Zix nq| Cgvb bvn‡j Bmjvg, ZvKIqv A_ev
Bnmv‡bi †Kvb m¤¢vebvB _v‡K bv|
Gm‡ei e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Ki‡Z wM‡q gvIjvbv hv e‡jb Zvi mvims‡ÿc wbgœiƒc t
(K) GKwU c~Y©v½ gvbeRxeb MV‡bi R‡b¨ GUv Acwinvh© †h, Cgv‡bi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY n‡Z n‡e e¨vcK I
cy•Lvbycy•L Ges MfxiZvi w`K w`‡q n‡Z n‡e AZ¨šÍ my`„p| Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weei‡Yi g‡a¨ †h wefvM ev
welqwU ev` c‡o hv‡e, Bmjvgx Rxe‡bi †m wefvMwU wbwg©Z nIqv †_‡K ev` c‡o hv‡e Ges Zvi MfxiZvq
†hLv‡bB ÎæwU _vK‡e Bmjvgx Rxeb cÖvmv‡ì †m ¯ vbwU KuvPv _vK‡e|
(L) Bmjvg cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Cgv‡bi ev¯Íe ewntcÖKv‡ki wØZxq bvg| Cgvb I Bmjv‡gi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wVK
†Zgb, †hgb exR I Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡q _v‡K| ex‡Ri g‡a¨ hv wKQzB Ges †hgb wKQzB _v‡K ZvB
Mv‡Qi AvKv‡i cÖKvk cvq| MvQ cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i Rvbv †h‡Z cv‡i †h ex‡Ri g‡a¨ wK wQj Ges wK wQj
bv|
Avwg h‡ZvUv KziAvb, nv`xm eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ, Zv‡Z G wKQz‡ZB m¤¢e bq †h, AšÍ‡i Cgvb i‡q‡Q Ges ev¯Íe
KvRK‡g© Bmjvg †bB|
GKRb Kzkxª A_P RxešÍ gvbyl GKwU mykxª I cÖvYnxb g„Z‡`n †_‡K Aek¨B KwiZKg©v n‡q _v‡K| cÖKvk¨
cÖeÂK †_‡K Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì gb‡K †Zv wbðq †auvKv w`‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‧ Zv NUbveûj `ywbqvq †Kvb
cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i bv, Avi bv †Lv`vi gxhv‡bI IRb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Avgvi G K_v fv‡jvfv‡e g‡b e×g~j K‡i wbb †h, Dc‡ii Aewkó `ywU Zjv (Floor) KL‡bvB DV‡Z
cv‡i bv h‡ZvÿY Cgv‡bi eywbqv` gReyZ bv n‡q‡Q| Avi Zvi `„pZvi cÖgvY ev¯Íe Bmjvg A_©vr Kvh©Z
AvbyMZ¨ I †Lv`v Ges im~‡ji ûKzg †g‡b Pjvi ØvivB cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
(M) ZvKIqv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ g‡bi †mB Ae¯ vi bvg, hv †Lv`vfxwZ I `vwqZ¡vbyf‚wZi Øviv m„wó nq Ges Rxe‡b
cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î Zv cÖKvk K‡i| ZvK&Iqvi ev¯ÍeZv hvi g‡a¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q Zvi †MvUv Rxeb msMwZkxjZv I
GKiƒcZvi (Uniformity) mv‡_ Bmjvgx Rxe‡b cwiYZ n‡e| AZtci Bmjvg c~Y© e¨vcKZv mnKv‡i Zvi
wPšÍvavivq Zvi fvev‡eM I †cÖiYvi g‡a¨, Zvi iæwP I gbbkxjZvq, Zvi mgq eÈ‡b, Zvi kw³ cÖ‡qv‡M,
Zvi †Póvmvabvi c‡_, Zvi Rxebaviv I mvgvwRKZvq, Zvi DcvR©b I e¨‡q †gvUK_v Zvi `ywbqvi Rxe‡bi
cÖwZwU w`K I wefv‡M µgk my¯úó n‡Z _vK‡e| G wRwbm mgq mv‡cÿ Ges Amxg •a‡h©i `vex iv‡L| G
µgk weKvk jvf K‡i Ges GKUv mgqKv‡ji ci dz‡j-d‡j my‡kvwfZ nq| exR †_‡K e„‡ÿi Drcv`b
Ges AZtci Zvi djeZx nIqv‡Z wej¤^ Aek¨B n‡e| cÿvšÍ‡i GKwU Kv‡V dzj-dj †eu‡a w`‡q Zv‡K
e„‡ÿi iƒc`vb mn‡RB Kiv hvq|
(N) GLb Bnmv‡bi K_v aiv hvK, hv n‡jv m‡e©v”P gbwhj ev Zjv| Bnmvb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avjøvn I Zuvi im~j
Ges Zuvi Øx‡bi mv‡_ †mB AvšÍwiK m¤úK©, †m Mfxi †cÖg I fvjevmv, †m mwZ¨Kvi AvbyMZ¨kxjZv,
Av‡Z¥vrmM© I Rxeb wewj‡q †Ìqvi bvg, hv gymjgvb‡K dvbv wdj Bmjvg (Bmjv‡gi R‡b¨ DrmwM©Z) K‡i
†`q| ZvKIqvi †g․wjK aviYv †Lv`vi fq, hv gvbyl‡K Zuvi Amš‧wó †_‡K euvP‡Z DØy× K‡i Avi Bnmv‡bi
†g․wjK aviYv n‡jv †Lv`vi gneŸZ, hv gvbyl‡K Zuvi mš‧wó AR©‡bi R‡b¨ †cÖiYv `vb K‡i|
G `ywUi cv_©K¨ GKwU `„óv‡šÍi Øviv Gfv‡e eySzb †h, miKv‡ii Kg©Pvix‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz †jvK †Zv Zviv, hviv
AZ¨šÍ KZ©e¨civqYZv I `ªæZZvi mv‡_ Hme †L`gZ AvÄvg †`q, hv Zv‡ì Dci Ac©Y Kiv nq, mKj
wbqg-k„•Ljv I wbqgbxwZ cy‡ivcywi †g‡b P‡j Ges miKv‡ii AvcwËKi †Kvb KvRB K‡i bv| wØZxq-GKwU
†kªYx Ggb me AvbyMZ¨kxj I wb‡ew`Z-cÖvY‡ì _v‡K, hviv g‡bcÖv‡Y miKv‡ii ïfvKv•¶x nq| Zviv ïay
†mme KvRB K‡i bv hv Zv‡ì Ki‡Z †`qv nq| eiÂ Zv‡ì g‡b me©`v G wPšÍv _v‡K †h, wKfv‡e †ekx
†ekx miKv‡ii ¯^v_© DbœZ Kiv hvq| GR‡b¨ Zviv Zv‡ì Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ †_‡K AwZwi³ KvR
K‡i| miKvi †Kvb wec` A_ev Amyweavi m¤§yLxb n‡j Zviv Rvb-gvj mšÍvbvw` me wKQz Z¨vM Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z
_v‡K| †Kv_vI AvBb jw•NZ n‡j Zviv g‡b cxov Abyfe K‡i| †Kv_vI we‡`ªvn †`Lv w`‡j Zviv Aaxi n‡q
c‡o Ges Zv `~i Kivi R‡b¨ Rxeb wewj‡q †`q| Zv‡ì AvšÍwiK evmbv GB nq †h, `ywbqv‡Z Zv‡ì
miKv‡iiB mybvg-myL¨vwZ Qwo‡q co–K Ges Ggb †Kvb ¯ vb bv _v‡K, †hLv‡b Zv‡ì cZvKv DÇxb bv nq|
G Dfq †kªYxi g‡a¨ cÖ_g †kªYxi †jvK miKv‡ii gyËvKx Ges wØZxq †kªYx gynwmb&| G `„óvšÍ †_‡K
Bmjv‡gi gyËvKxb I gyn‡mbx‡bi Abygvb Kiæb| hwÌ gyËvKx m¤§v‡bi †hvM¨ I wek¦vmfvRb, wKš‧
Bmjv‡gi g~j kw³ gynwm‡bi `j| `ywbqvq Zviv †h cÖK…Z KvR Ki‡Z Pvq, Zv Zv‡ì ØvivB n‡Z cv‡i|
bexM‡Yi AvMg‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t bex gy¯Ívdvi (mt) †m D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi c×wZ
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ gvIjvbv gI`~`x Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi •bwZK wfwË wPwýZ K‡i I Zvi ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøL K‡i
fvlY `v‡bi ci bexM‡Yi AvMg‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Ges †Kvb c×wZ‡Z bex gynv¤§` (mt) †m D‡Ïk¨ c~iY K‡ib,
Zvi cÖwZ Bw½Z Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb t
Avw¤^qv Avjvqwngym mvjvg‡K G R‡b¨ †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj †h, Zuviv gvby‡li g‡a¨ †Lv`vi e‡›`Mx I
AvbyMZ¨ Ges Zvi mvg‡b Revew`wni Abyf‚wZ m„wó Ki‡eb| DbœZgv‡bi Pwi‡Îi weKvk mvab Ki‡eb Ges
gvby‡li `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨ eë¯ v‡K Ggb me g~jbxwZi Dci Kv‡qg Ki‡eb hvi †_‡K Kj¨vY I mg„w× ewa©Z
n‡e Ges Ag½j I AbvPvi `wgZ n‡e| GB GKwU D‡Ïk¨ mKj bexiB wQj Ges Ae‡k‡l G D‡Ï‡k¨B
bex gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøvg‡K cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| GLb †`Lyb ûRyi (m.) †Kvb& c×wZ‡Z KvR
K‡iwQ‡jb|
me©cÖ_g wZwb Cgv‡bi `vIqvZ †`b| AZtci Hme wbôvevb gymjgv‡bi msMwVZ I HKë× cÖ‡Póvq cÖvPxb
Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi åvšÍ eë¯ v DrLvZ K‡i Zvi RvqMvq †Lv`vi AvB‡bi •bwZK I mvs¯‥…wZK g~jbxwZi Dci
GKwU mr I mZ¨wbô eë¯ v Kv‡qg Kiv ïiæ K‡ib| Gfv‡e G me †jvK hLb gbgw¯Í®‥, a¨vb-aviYv,
Avgj-AvLjvK †gvUK_v mKj w`K w`‡q mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© gymwjg, gyËvKx I gynwmb n‡q †M‡jb Ges Hme
Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡jb hv Avjøvn Zvqvjvi AvbyMZ¨kxjM‡Yi Kiv DwPZ wQj, ZLb bex (mt) Zuv‡ì‡K
ejv ïiæ Ki‡jb †jevm-†cvkvK, Lvbvwcbv, AvPvi-AvPiY, DVvemv Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖKvk¨ Rxeb hvcb
cÖYvjx‡Z mymf¨, cwigvwR©Z I m~iæwPm¤úbœ wkóvPvi †kLv gyËvKx‡ì R‡b¨ †kvfv cvq| †hb KuvPvgvj‡K ¯^Y©
evbv‡bv n‡jv| Zvici Zv‡K ¯^Y© †gvn‡ii Quv‡P Xvjv n‡jv| cÖ_‡g wmcvnx •Zix Kiv n‡jv| Zvici Zv‡K
Dw`© civ‡bv n‡jv|
Avgvi G K_vi G A_© Ki‡eb bv †h, Avwg evwn¨K ¸Yvejx‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Pvw”Q| A_ev Hme ûKzg
cvjb‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq g‡b KiwQ, hv Rxe‡bi evwn¨K w`‡Ki ms¯‥vi-ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q.... †h
wRwbm Avwg Avcbv‡ì g‡b e×g~j Ki‡Z PvB Zv GB †h, AMÖvwaKvi‡hvM¨ wRwbm ev‡Zb, hv‡ni bq|
cÖ_gZ, ev‡Zb ev †fZ‡ii w`KUvi ev¯ÍeZvi ùziY Kiæb Ges Zvici †m ev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K evwn¨K
w`K‡K †X‡j mvRvb| me‡P‡q †ekx Ges me©cÖ_g Avcbv‡ì H me ¸Yvejxi cÖw Z g‡bv‡hvM †`qv DwPZ,
hv Avjøvni wbK‡U cÖK…Z gh©v`vi †hvM¨ Ges †mm‡ei weKvk mvab KivB bex †cÖi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ wQj|
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Zuvi e³…Zvi ci KvB‡q‡g RvgvqvZ 1945-46 mv‡ji Rvgvqv‡Zi wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| Zvici cÖ‡kœvËi
ïiæ nq|
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BDwc 60 56
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gwnk~i 06 0
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486 224
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Avgv‡ì `vIqvZ Qovevi B”Qv †cvlY K‡ib| gwnjv‡ì g‡a¨ KvR ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ges hv‡ì †Kv‡j bZzb
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cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wn›`x fvlvq GLbI KvR ïiæ nqwb|
Avgv‡ì Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ civgk©µ‡g gRwj‡m k~iv wbgœwjwLZ wefv¸‡jv †Lvjvi wm×všÍ K‡i Ges cÖ‡Z¨K
wefv‡Mi GKRb K‡i `vwqZ¡kxj wb‡qvM Kiv nq t
wefvM `vwqZ¡kxj
1| Aviex ZiRgv I mvwnZ¨ iPbv gvIjvbv gvmD` Avjg b`fx, RjÜi|

2| KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx gvIjvbv Avãyj Mvddvi nvmvb,
`vIqvZ m¤ú‡K© cÖeÜvw`- gvwji †KvUkv, cvÄve|
3| mgv‡jvPbvg~jK mvwnZ¨- gvIjvbv Ave`ym mvjvg bCg
wmÏxKx, `viæj Bmjvg, cvVvb‡KvU|
4| MY mvwnZ¨- gvIjvbv bvwhiæj nK wgivVx|
5| mvsevw`KZv- gvwjK bmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh, jv‡nvi|
6| ivRbxwZ- Rbve Avãyj ekxi Avhix, Aa¨vcK,
Bmjvwgqv K‡jR, jv‡nvi|
7| A_©bxwZ- mvB‡q` bKx Avjx, cÖavb wkÿK Iqv¯Ívwbqv
nvB¯‥zj, KzUjv, `vwÿYvZ¨|
8| BwZnvm- Rbve LvRv gynv¤§` wmÏxK, A¨vs‡jv-GivweK
†m‡KÛvix nvB¯‥zj, w`jøx|
9| `k©b- Rbve ggZvR ûmvBb- (H)
10| AvBb- Rbve Avãyj Avhxg Lvb, gy‡Ýd, Uzs|
11| Bs‡iRx mvwnZ¨- Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` BqvKze, Gg, G
miKvix K‡jR, inZK|
12| Bs‡iRx ZiRgv- Rbve G, Avi, m~dx, wkgjv|
13| wn›`x ZiRgv- nv‡dh gynv¤§` BgvgyÏxb, ivmbMi, †ebvim|
14| wmÜx ZiRgv- Rbve nv‡dh gvIjvbv Ave`yi ivhhvK
wmÜ gvìvmvZzj Bmjvg, KivPx|
15| ¸RivUx ZiRgv- Rbve BmgvCj Imgvb GLjvm, †ev¤^vB|
16| evsjv ZiRgv Rbve mvB‡q` gynv¤§` ûmbvBb,
evKxcyi, cvUbv|
17| gvwjquvjvg ZiRgv- nvRx gynv¤§` Avjx, BmjvwgK cvewjwks
nvDm, gvjxevi|
18| Zvwgj ZiRgv- kvqL Ave`yjøvn
19| ck&Zz ZiRgv- KvRx Avãyi ivhhvK, †ckvIi|
20| dvimx ZiRgv- Rbve gvngy` dviæKx, nvqìvev` (`vwÿYvZ¨)
21| cvV¨ cy¯KÍ Rbve Avãyj RveŸvi MvRx, `viæj Bmjvg,
cvVvb‡KvU|
22| mij mvwnZ¨ (wkï‡ì Rb¨)- gynv¤§` kdx Mvwhqvev`x, w`jøx|
23| im mvwnZ¨- Rbve ggZvR †nv‡mb, wkÿK,
A¨vs‡jv-GivweK ¯‥zj, w`jøx|
24| Kwe gn‡j Kv‡Ri R‡b¨- Rbve bCg wmÏxKx|
25| eëmvqx I wkícwZi- Rbve kvqL myjZvb Avng`, †dqvi
ms‡M Kv‡Ri R‡b¨- cÖvBm& kc& jvjevM mvK©vm/jv‡ÿè․|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi
k~ivqx wbhv‡gi (civgk© wfwËK eë¯ vi) µ‡gvbœwZ

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GKwU mvsweavwbK civgk© wfwËK msMVb| mKj cÖKvi wm×všÍ I Kg©m~Px civg‡k©i
wfwË‡ZB Kiv nq| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖ_g MVbZš¿ (Constitution) iæKb‡ì cÖ_g cÖwZôv m‡¤§j‡b
Aby‡gvw`Z nq| Rvgvqv‡Zi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv •Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q- Bmjv‡gi civgk© wfwËK eë¯ vi
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e¨³ Ki‡Z mÿg Ggb wKQz †jvK‡K †e‡Q †b‡eb Ges Zuv‡ì civgk©µ‡g Rvgvqv‡Zi KvRKg© cwiPvjbv
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mnKgx©i civg‡k© KvR Ki‡e| hvi wbKU †_‡K civgk© †bqv n‡e, Zvi Rb¨ dih GB †h, †m †bK wbqZmn
Zvi mwVK AwfgZ my¯úófv‡e e¨³ Ki‡e| KviY, †h e¨w³ civgk© •eV‡K Avcb we‡ePbv Abyhvqx AwfgZ
†ck Kiv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K, †m Rvgvqv‡Zi Dci hyjyg K‡i| Avi †h e¨w³ †Kvb we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ Avcb
we‡eK-we‡Pbvi cwicš x †Kvb AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡i, †m Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i| †h
civgk©Kv‡j Avcb gZvgZ †Mvcb K‡i Ges c‡i hLb Zvi g‡Zi wecixZ †Kvb wm×všÍ nq, ZLb †m
Rvgvqv‡Zi g‡a¨ g‡bvgvwjb¨ m„wói †Póv K‡i, †m Pig †Lqvb‡Zi Aciva K‡i e‡m| Gme aviYv‡K mvg‡b
†i‡L Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zvi eë¯ v civgk© MÖn‡Yi mvsweavwbK ixwZbxwZ Kv‡qg K‡i‡Q|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx civg‡k©i GKUv mxgvI wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Rvgvqv‡Zi HwZn¨ Abyhvqx Kv‡iv Avcb
Awfg‡Zi Dci GZUv wR` aiv DwPZ bq †h, Zvi AwfgZ gvb‡ZB n‡e b‡Pr †m Rvgvqv‡Zi Kv‡R
mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e bv| A_ev Rvgvqv‡Zi cwicš x KvR Ki‡e| KwZcq AÁ e¨w³ Zv‡ì AÁZvi Kvi‡Y G
ai‡bi AvPiY‡K mwVK g‡b K‡i| A_P G ai‡bi AvPiY Bmjvgx wb‡`©k I mvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi me©m¤§Z
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Ges Awfg‡Zi mc‡ÿ hyw³I †ck Ki‡Zb| wKš‧ hLb Kv‡iv g‡Zi wecixZ wm×všÍ n‡Zv, ZLb wZwb nq
Zvi gZ cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Zb A_ev AwfgZ mwVK g‡b Kiv m‡Ë¡I D`viZvmn Rvgvqv‡Zi wm×všÍ †g‡b
wb‡Zb| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡a¨ civg‡k©i G cš v cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|
G cš v Abyhvqx gRwj‡m k~iv (civgk© mfv) MwVZ nq| cÖ_g gmwj‡m k~ivi ci wØZxq evi 1942 mv‡ji
†deªæqvix gv‡m 16 Rb‡K wb‡q gRwj‡m k~iv MwVZ nq|
Aek¨ 1946 mv‡ji Gjvnvev` iæKb m‡¤§j‡b w¯ ixK…Z nq †h, gRwj‡m k~ivi wbe©vP‡b †MvUv Rvgvqv‡Zi
AwfgZ MÖnY Kiv n‡e| cš v GB wVK Kiv n‡jv †h, Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ †MvUv Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖwZ `„wó wb‡ÿc
K‡i Zvi ga¨ †_‡K K‡qK Rb me‡P‡q Dchy³ †jvK †e‡Q wb‡eb| Zvici cÖ‡Z¨K iæK‡bi gZvgZ MÖnY
Kiv n‡e| Zv‡ì gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ Zuvi k~iv wba©vwiZ Ki‡eb| ZvB Kiv n‡jv Ges
GUvB wQj Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi iæKbMY KZ…©K cÖ_g wbe©vwPZ gRwj‡m k~iv| wbgœwjwLZ e¨w³MY k~ivi
m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb t
01| gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx
02| gvIjvbv gvmD` Avjg b`fx
03| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj, gv`ªvR
04| gvIjvbv Avãyj RveŸvi MvRx
05| gvIjvbv Avãyj Mvd&dvi nvmvb
06| gvwjK bvmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh
07| Lvb mi`vi Avjx Lvb, mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k
08| Rbve gynv¤§` BDmyd wmÏxKx, Uzs
09| mi`vi gynv¤§` AvKei Lvb, K¨v‡¤^jcyi
10| KvRx nvgx`yjøvn- wkqvj‡KvU
11| mvB‡q` Avãyj Avhxh kvKx©
12| †P․ayix kdx Avng`, BD, wc
wgqv gynv¤§` ZzdvBj KvB‡qg c`vwaKvi e‡j k~ivi m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
G k~iv GK eQi ¯ vqx _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l mvZPwjø‡ki †g gv‡m `viæj Bmjv‡g †h iæKb m‡¤§jb nq, Zv‡Z
bZzb K‡i k~iv wbe©vwPZ nq| Gevi Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ iæKb‡ì †Mvcb e¨vjU †fv‡U k~iv m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ
K‡ib| wbe©vwPZ k~iv m`m¨MY wQ‡jb wbgœiƒc t
01| gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx
02| gvIjvbv gvmD` Avjg b`fx
03| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj (gv`ªvR)
04| gvIjvbv Avãyj nK (PvPovb kixd)
05| Rbve MvRx Avãyj RveŸvi
06| gvwjK bvmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh
07| Lvb mi`vi Avjx Lvb
08| gynv¤§` BDmyd wmÏxKx
09| KvRx nvgx`yjøvn (wkqvj‡KvU)
10| †P․ayix kdx Avng`
11| †g․jfx gynv¤§` BDbym (nvqìvev`)
12| †P․ayix Avjx Avng` Lvb|
iæKb‡ì †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ gRwj‡m k~ivq c~‡e©i k~ivi Zzjbvq wZbRb bZzb m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb|
gvIjvbv Avãyj Mvd&dvi nvmvb, gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh kvKx© Ges mi`vi gynv¤§` AvKe‡ii ¯ ‡j gvIjvbv
Avãyj nK, †g․jfx gynv¤§` BDbym Ges †P․ayix Avjx Avng` Lvb wbe©vwPZ nb|
G gRwj‡m k~ivi cÖ_g •eVK mvZPwjø‡ki 9B RyjvB `viæj Bmjv‡g AbywôZ nq| †`‡ki cwiw¯ wZ‡K
mvg‡b †i‡L Rvgvqv‡Zi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq|
Rvgvqv‡Z mgv‡jvPbvi wbqwgZ eë¯ v

cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zvi g‡a¨ mgv‡jvPbvi cÖvYkw³ RxešÍ I RvMÖZ ivLvi eë¯ v K‡i‡Q|
Zvi mvnv‡h¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖwZwU ÎæwUwePz¨wZ h_vmg‡q wPwýZ n‡q‡Q Ges Avf¨šÍixY ms¯‥vi-ms‡kvab Kiv
m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| Rvgvqv‡Zi wbK‡U •bwZK w`K w`‡q mgv‡jvPbvi gh©v`v wVK †mBiƒc, e¯‧MZ w`K w`‡q
cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZvi gh©v`v †hgb| cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZv I AvwejZvgwjbZvi Abyf‚wZ `~ixf‚Z n‡j Ges
cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZvi KvR eÜ n‡q †M‡j Rbc‡ì †MvUv cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡q wewfbœ †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve NUvq|
†Zgwb mgv‡jvPbvi `„wó‡Z †`Lv Pÿz hw` eÜ n‡q hvq, mgv‡jvPbvKvixi gyL I †kªvZvi Kvb hw` eÜ n‡q
hvq, Zvn‡j mgvR-Rxeb Awbó-AbvPv‡ii jxjvf‚wg n‡q c‡o|
G Kvi‡YB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡a¨ mgv‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek Db¥y³ I Dc‡hvMx ivLv nq Ges ¯^vaxbfv‡e
mgv‡jvPbvi R‡b¨ Drmvn `vb Kiv nq hv‡Z K‡i h_vmg‡q ÎæwUwePz¨wZ wPwýZ Kiv hvq| Rvgvqv‡Z
mgv‡jvPbvi ïay AwaKviB †bB eiÂ Zv Acwinvh© dih| RvgvqvZ m`m¨‡ì `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ G welqI
kwgj †h, hLbB †KD RvgvqvZ, Zvi KvRg© Ges Zvi †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb ÎæwU †`L‡Z cv‡e, ZrÿYvr †m
webvwØavq Zv e‡j †`‡e Ges ms‡kva‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡e| hvi mgv‡jvPbv Kiv nq, Zv‡KI Af¨¯Í Kiv nq
†h, mgv‡jvPbv †m nvwmgy‡L mn¨ Ki‡e, kvšÍ g‡b †m wel‡q wPšÍvfvebv Ki‡e| †h wel‡q Zvi `„wó AvKl©Y
Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv hw` mZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j Zv ms‡kvab Ki‡e A_ev †Kvb fyj aviYvcÖm~Z n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zv
`~i Ki‡e|
G Kg©cš vi Øviv KL‡bv wKQzUv Lvivc cÖwZwµqv n‡jI Zvi g‡a¨ A‡bK †ekx cwigv‡Y g½jKvwiZv i‡q‡Q|
RvgvqvZ‡K fvOb †_‡K G cš vB iÿv K‡i Ges Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ Abvwej åvZ…Z¡fve, GKvZ¥Zv, cvi¯úwiK
AvšÍwiK mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve M‡o I‡V|
mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve we¯Ívi
GKUv Av`wk©K Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi wbKU mgv‡Ri me©Î Zvi cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii cÖkwœ U wQj
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Zvi R‡b¨ G c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj †h, me©cÖ_g wkwÿZ gnj‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi
`vIqvZ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv n‡e| KviY, wkwÿZ gnjB †MvUv mgvR‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i _v‡K| G e¨vcv‡i
RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvi K‡qK eQi c~‡e©B mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Zuvi Av`k©, gZev` I `„wófw½i exR
ecb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ev‡iv eQi hver wZwb Zuvi wPšÍvi Pvl K‡ib Ges Ae‡k‡l Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Pviv
†ivcY K‡ib| G cÖv_wgK kª‡gi d‡j hLb wZwb RvgvqvZ MV‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zuvi wPšÍvavivq cÖfvweZ
†jvK‡ì‡K GK‡Î mg‡eZ nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb, ZLb †`Lv †Mj †h, Zvi c~‡e©B wewfbœ ¯ v‡b Zuvi wPšÍvi
dmj ¯îƒc `vIqvZx Kv‡Ri m~Pbv n‡q‡Q|
RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvi ci `vIqvZx KvR myk„•Lj I msMwVZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ixwZgZ `vIqvZ I ZejxM bv‡g
GKwU wefvM †Lvjv nq| G wefvM m¤ú‡K© Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖ_g •eV‡KB w¯ ixK…Z nq †h, cÖ‡Z¨K iæKb G
wefv‡Mi GKRb m`m¨ n‡eb| Zuv‡K me©`vB GKRb gyevwjø‡Mi Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zuvi R‡b¨ GUv
Acwnvh© n‡e †h, †hLv‡b †h gn‡jB Zuvi cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM n‡e, †mLv‡bB wZwb Rvgvqv‡Z `vIqvZ †ck
Ki‡eb Ges Rvgvqv‡Zi wbqg-bxwZi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| †m R‡b¨ cÖ_g •eV‡KB mgv‡Ri g‡a¨
`vIqvZ Qwo‡q Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii R‡b¨ AvUwU wefvM Kv‡qg Kiv nq| wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv Ges
mvgvwRK gh©v`v‡K mvg‡b †i‡L G wefvM¸‡jv Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv nq| wefvM¸‡jv wbgœiƒc t
1| K‡jR I AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jvK‡ì wefvM
2| Djvgv I gv`ªvmv wkÿK‡ì wefvM
3| cxi I gvkv‡qL‡ì wefvM
4| ivR‣bwZK `‡ji wefvM
5| knievmx‡ì wefvM
6| cjøxevmx‡ì wefvM
7| gwnjv wefvM
8| Agymwjg‡ì wefvM
†mB mv‡_ G wm×všÍI Kiv nq †h, cÖ‡Z¨K iæKb Zvi wb‡Ri e¨vcv‡i G wPšÍvfvebv K‡i †`L‡e †h, Zvi
†hvM¨Zv I AvMÖn Abyhvqx †Kvb& †kªYxi g‡a¨ `vIqvZx KvR Kivi R‡b¨ †m me©vwaK †hvM¨| Zvici †h
†kªYxi g‡a¨ KvR Kivi R‡b¨ †m Zvi †hvM¨Zv I AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z wb‡R‡K †hvM¨ g‡b Ki‡e †m †kªYxi
g‡a¨B †m KvR Ki‡e Ges Ab¨ †Kvb †kªYx‡Z KvR Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| Ab¨_vq `vIqv‡Z AvK…ó
Kivi cwie‡Z© †jvK‡K `~‡i †V‡j †`qvI n‡Z cv‡i|
GKw`‡K wQj G Kg©eÈb Ges Aciw`‡K Rvgvqv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivi R‡b¨ wKQz kZ©I Av‡ivc Kiv nq| Gme
kZ© c~iY e¨wZ‡i‡K †KD Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb ev m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡K †Zv gymwjg mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU
e¨w³iB G kZ©¸wj c~iY Kiv DwPZ| kZ©¸‡jv n‡”Q Bmjvg †hme wRwbm dih K‡i‡Q Zv Aek¨B cvjb
Ki‡Z n‡e Ges hv nvivg K‡i‡Q Zv †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| G Ggb †Kvb KwVb kZ© bq| GKRb
gymjgvb‡K Kvh©Z gymjgvb nIqviB ZvKx` Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ gymjgvb RvwZi AatcZb hy‡M AwZ Aí
†jv‡KB gymjgvwb‡Z¡i G wbgœZg `vex¸‡jv c~iY K‡i| nvjvj-nvivg, dih-Iqv‡Re cÖf…wZi c‡ivqv hw`
†Kvb gymjgvb bv K‡i, Zvn‡j Kvh©Z GKRb Agymjgvb I Zvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ iB‡jv †Kv_vq? Zvi Øviv
Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì †Kvb Kj¨v‡Yi Avkv Kiv hvq wK? `yt‡Li welq, gymjgvb‡ì G‡ZvUv AatcZb
n‡q‡Q †h, kwiqZ †h evav-wb‡la Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q Zv MÖnY Kiv Zv‡ì R‡b¨ e‡ov KwVb n‡q c‡o‡Q| Gme
†_‡K gy³, ¯^vaxb I †ec‡ivqv n‡q _vKvUvB mvaviY Af¨vm I bxwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q c‡o‡Q Ges GUvB
Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi g½j †_‡K ewÂZ †i‡L‡Q|
G mgm¨vwU wQj Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi GK AwZ weivU I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mgm¨v| GKw`‡K Zvi jÿ¨ wQj RvwZi
we‡kl K‡i gymjgvb‡ì mvwe©K ms¯‥vi Ges Zvi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb Ggb me †jv‡Ki hviv KziAvb I mybœvni
wbgœZg `vexc~i‡Y mÿg Ges ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Zv‡ì msL¨v n‡e AwZ Aí| Aciw`‡K RvgvqvZ GKwU
MYZvwš¿K I Bmjv‡gi cÖPvig~jK `j wn‡m‡e Bmjvgx wecø‡ei R‡b¨ AwaK msL¨K †jvK‡K Zvi mv‡_
mswkøó Ki‡Z Pvq| G Dfq Ae¯ vi Uvbv‡cv‡o‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB Zv‡K Bmjvgx wecø‡ei c_ †ei K‡i wb‡Z
nq| MYZvwš¿K msMÖv‡gi R‡b¨ AwaK msL¨K †jv‡Ki HKë× nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges GKwU Av`wk©K
`‡j Av`k© I gZev‡ì c~Y© Dcjwä, Z`byhvqx PwiÎ MVb Ges †m i‡O Rxeb‡K M‡o †Zvjv weivU
AwMœcixÿvi welq| Avi G AwMœcixÿvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z mK‡j Pvq bv| hw` `yÕPvi Avbvi Puv`v MÖnY K‡i
mKj †kªYxi mvaviY gvby‡li R‡b¨ `‡j fwZ© nIqvi Øviv Db¥y³ I AevwiZ ivLv nq, Zv n‡j Av`wk©K jÿ¨
webó n‡q hvq| Avevi hw` Av`wk©K gvb`‡Ð K‡VviZvi mv‡_ hvPvB-evQvB K‡i †jvK †bevi eë¯ v Kiv
nq, Zv n‡j AwZ Aí †jvKB G gvb`‡Ð DËxY© n‡Z cv‡i| Avi Gi Øviv MYZvwš¿K `vexI c~iY n‡Z cv‡i
bv|
hv †nvK, G e‡ov KwVb Kv‡R AK¬všÍ cwikªg, GKUvbv msMÖvg, Aciv‡Rq g‡bvej Ges Avjøvni Dci
cwic~Y© AvZ¥mgc©Y I wbf©ikxjZv `yM©g c_‡K myMg K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i e‡j cÖK…Z gywg‡bi `„p cÖZ¨q _v‡K|
Avi G fv‡eB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi AMÖhvÎv m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| A_Ge RvgvqvZ Zvi Av`wk©K `vIqvZ I
wecyj mvwnZ¨ fvÐv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯Í‡i Zvi cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z mÿg nq| ej‡Z †M‡j Zvi
DrmMx©K…Z (Dedicated) Kgx©‡ì AK¬všÍ cwikª‡gi d‡j Kv‡Ri D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ nq|
Djvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi g‡a¨ `vIqv‡Zi cÖfve
gymwjg mgv‡R Av‡jg‡ì GKUv we‡kl ¯ vb i‡q‡Q Ges Zuviv hw` †Kvb `vIqv‡Zi cÖwZ AvK…ó nb, Zv
n‡j mgv‡R †m `vIqv‡Zi c_ myMg n‡q hvq| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Aek¨ Djvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi GKwU
cÖÁvm¤úbœ I D`vi‡PZv †kªYx‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj, huviv wQ‡jb gvbe ì`x I wPšÍvkxj| Zuviv wQ‡jb
msKxY© `jxq ¯^v‡_©iI E‡a©| Bmjv‡gi cZb hy‡M wPšÍv I M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î †h ¯ weiZv weivR KiwQj Ges
Av`‡k©i ¯ vb AwaKvi K‡iwQj e¨w³Z¡- †hLvb †_‡K G gš¿ dzrKvwiZ nw”Qj-
G m‡ei E‡a©I Zuviv Ae¯ vb KiwQ‡jb| Zuviv Lv‡jm nK‡K nK e‡j ¯^xKvi I †NvlYv Ki‡Z wØav K‡ibwb-
Zuv‡ì A‡b‡KB RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvKv‡jB Zvi mv‡_ mswkøó n‡q c‡owQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ t
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gbhyi †bvgvbx- m¤úv`K gy`xiæj KziAvb, jvL‡bv|
gvIjvbv wmeMvZzjøvn eLwZqvix dv‡R‡j †Ìe›`, `viæj Bikv`, gv`ªvR|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvdi dzjIqvifx, LZxe Rv‡g gmwR`, Kvcyi_vjv|
gvIjvbv bvhxiæj nK wgivVx|
gvIjvbv AvZvDjøvn nvbxd|
gvIjvbv mvB‡q` Avãyj Avhxh kvKx©|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx KvÜjfx, wkqvj‡KvU|
gvIjvbv †g․jfx Avãyj Kv‡ì Av‡Rh, Kvmyix
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn iæox, wnmvi|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn, gv`ªvR|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Bwjqvm b`fx ¸›`jfx|
gvIjvbv Bjvnx eLk †WivRvov mvi‡Mvax|
Dc‡iv³ Djvgv‡q †Kivg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖ_g cÖwZôv m‡¤§j‡b G‡ZvRb Djvgvi
Dcw¯ wZ G K_viB cÖgvY †h Djvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi g‡Z AvKx`vn I AvLjv‡Ki w`K w`‡q Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx
wQj G‡Kev‡i n‡Ki Dci cÖwZwôZ| Øx‡bi `„wó‡Z Kv‡iv †Kvb AvcwËi KviY wQj bv| †Kvb Av‡j‡gi cÿ
†_‡KI †Kvb AvcwË DÌvwcZ nqwb| G Zuv‡ì g‡biB AvIqvR wQj| Zvici Djvgv‡q †Kivg Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgxi n‡Ki Dci cÖwZwôZ nIqvi mc‡ÿ eû cÖeÜvwÌ wj‡L‡Qb| Gi cÖPviI K‡i‡Qb, Zvi
we‡ivwaZvi gyKvwejvI K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb Øxbx gv`ªvmv †Zv Gi `vIqv‡Zi †K›`ª n‡q c‡o‡Q| we‡kl K‡i
mivBgx‡ii gv`ªvmvZzj Bmjvn we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| ¯^qs `viæj Djyg †Ìe›` Ges gvhv‡niæj Djyg
mvnivbcy‡ii D¯Ív` I QvÎMY Rvgvqv‡Zi wPšÍvavivq cÖfvweZ n‡q †mme ¯ v‡b `vIqv‡Zi BDwbU ch©šÍ
Kv‡qg K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZÏ covïbv Ki‡Zb| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx †Kvb †dK&nx gvmjv‡Ki
E‡a© †_‡K ïaygvÎ KziAvb I mybœvni wfwË‡ZB K_v ej‡Zv|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †`k‡K PviwU fv‡M wef³ K‡i `vIqvZx Kv‡Ri m~Pbv K‡i Ges GK
GKwU wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡kxj wn‡m‡e bv‡q‡e Avgxi wbhy³ K‡ib| Zviv wQ‡jb gvIjvbv gbhyi †bvgvbx,
gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx, gvIjvbv mvB‡q` †meMvZzjøvn Ges gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvdi dzjIqvifx|
Gfv‡e †`‡ki msMV‡bi R‡b¨ cÖ_g bv‡q‡e Avgx‡ii c` Aj¼…Z K‡ib †`‡ki cÖL¨vZ Djvgv‡q †Kivg|
Gfv‡e cÖ_g gRwj‡m k~ivq †h †lvjRb m`m¨ wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ AvURbB cÖL¨vZ Av‡jg wQ‡jb|
Aek¨ cieZx©Kv‡j Rvgvqv‡Zi †h we‡ivwaZv ïiæ nq Zvi KviY GB †h, gvIjvbv mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv
gI`~`x Zuvi cÖeÜvw`‡Z RvZxqZvev`x Av‡jg‡ì Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| Zuv‡ì †f․‡MvwjK RvZxqZvi Zxeª
mgv‡jvPbv K‡i gvIjvbv Zv LÐb K‡ib| `yf©vMëkZ Av‡jg‡ì GKwU e‡ov `j gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg
Avhv` I gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbxi cÖfv‡e Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ GKRvZxqZvi cZvKvevnx n‡q
c‡owQ‡jb|
gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv` giûg GKRb †kªô Av‡j‡g Øxb I mycwÐZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zuvi ev¯Íe Rxeb wQj
Zuvi cÖv_wgK wPšÍvavivi cwicš x| wZwb GKKv‡j Bmjvgx RvZxqZvi AcÖ wZØ›Øx cÖe³v wQ‡jb| Zuvi
m¤úvw`Z Avj-†njvj cwÎKvq wZwb Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq e‡jb, Òwn›`y AvIi gymjgv‡bvu †Kv Avcm& †g †gjv Ki
GK KvIwgqvZ wK ZvÕgxi wKqv PxR n¨vq? wKqv Bb‡g †m GK cvwb AvIi `ymiv †Zj wbwnÓ-G Zuvi 1928
mv‡ji e³e¨| cieZx©Kv‡j wZwb Zuvi g‡bvfve †Kb cwieZ©b K‡ib wZwb Zv wb‡RB Rvb‡Zb| nq‡Zv
†LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi Pig e¨_©Zv Zuv‡K cy‡ivcywi •bivkëv`x K‡i †d‡jwQj Ges gymwjg wgjøv‡Zi R‡b¨
mwVK c_ Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z e¨_© nb| •biv‡kï AÜKvi Zuv‡K nq‡Zv mZ¨ mwVK c‡_i mÜvb w`‡Z cv‡iwb|
G Avgvi wbR¯^ aviYv|
hv †nvK, RvZxqZvi †h †MvjKauvav wn›`y Ks‡MÖm m„wó K‡iwQj Ges hvi mc‡ÿ †`ke¨vcx (Muslim Mass
Contact Movement) ïiæ n‡qwQj, Zv‡Z A‡bK Av‡jg weåvšÍ n‡jI Av‡jgM‡Yi GKUv wewkó gnj
gvIjvbv gI`~`xi Bmjvgx `vIqvZ‡K Zuv‡ì cÖv‡Y ¯ú›`b m„wóKvix g‡b K‡i mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges m¤§y‡L
AMÖmi n‡qwQ‡jb| gvIjvbv gI`~`xi `vIqv‡Z huviv jveŸv‡qK e‡jwQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨-
gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx, gvIjvbv Rjxj Avnmvb b`fx, gvIjvbv Avãyj Mvddvi nvmvb, gvIjvbv
AvLZvi Avnmvb b`fx, gvIjvbv AveyjøvBm b`fx, gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb Avjx b`fx, gvIjvbv gvmD`
Avjg b`fx cÖgyL cÖL¨vZ Djvgv‡q †Kivg|
gvIjvbv gvmD` Avj b`fx gvIjvbv gI`~`xi wPšÍvavivq cÖfvweZ nIqvi ci gvIjvbv gI`~`x‡K wj‡L
Rvbvb †h, wZwb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi iæKb n‡Z Pvb| wKš‧ nuvcvwbi wPi‡ivMx nIqvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb `vwqZ¡
MÖnY Ki‡Z Aÿg| gvIjvbv Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb, †ivMx e¨w³ wK gymjgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv? A_ev gymjgvb wK
KL‡bv †ivMx n‡Z cv‡i bv? G hyw³i ci gvIjvbv gvmD` Avjg b`fx Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb nb| iæKb nIqvi
ci wZwb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi mvwnZ¨ Aviex fvlvq ZiRgv K‡ib| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡K mgMÖ Bmjvgx
we‡k¦ cwiwPZ K‡ib Ges Gi wek¦Rbxb eywbqv` ¯ vcb K‡ib| Zvi R‡b¨B AvR †MvUv Bmjvgx `ywbqvq
gvIjvbv gI`~`x I Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx `ywU AwZ mycwiwPZ I AwZ wcÖq bvg|
gvIjvbv gvmD` Avjg b`fx giûg wQ‡jb Aviex fvlvq mycwÐZ I ¯‥jvi| Avie †`k¸‡jvi cÎ-cwÎKvq
Zuvi cÖeÜvw` h‡_ó mybvg AR©b K‡i Ges wZwb wQ‡jb Aviex fvlvq L¨vwZgvb mvwnwZ¨K| Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgxi †K›`ªxq `viæj Av‡ivevi cÖwZôv K‡i wZwb weivU Ae`vb ivL‡Z mÿg nb| Zuvi Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgx‡Z †hvM`v‡b d‡j bÌqvZyj Djvgvi wPšÍvavivi A½b †_‡K eû †hvM¨ e¨w³ Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_
mswkøó n‡q c‡ob|
gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnxi Rvgvqv‡Z †hvM`vb †hgb we¯§qKi †Zgwb †cÖiYvg~jK| wZwb wQ‡jb
gvIjvbv nvgx`yÏxb dvivnxi cÖwZwôZ gv`ªvmvZzj Bmjvn mivBgxi-Gi M`xbkxj Avj Bmjvn cwÎKvi
m¤úv`K, Ks‡MÖm mg_©K RvZxqZvev`x Av‡jgM‡Yi Ab¨Zg kxl©¯ vbxq e¨w³| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ
Zuv‡K G‡ZvLvwb AbycÖvwYZ K‡i †h, Bgvg dvivnxi Mw` I Avj Bmjvn cwÎKvi m¤úv`bv cwiZ¨vM K‡i
mvgvb¨ weQvbv-K¤^j eM‡j `vwe‡q Avcb Rb¥¯ vb‡K wPi we`vq w`‡q †Ìqvbv g¯Ív‡bi †e‡k `viæj
Bmjv‡gi b¨vq GKwU MÖvg¨ ew¯Í‡Z wM‡q nvwRi nb| mvgvb¨ jUeni wb‡q kbv© †ij‡÷k‡b †b‡g cv‡q †nu‡U
`viæj Bmjv‡gi mxgvbvq cv w`‡ZB gvIjvbv gI`~`x Zuv‡K AvšÍwiK Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡Z wM‡q Avb‡›ì
AvwZk‡h¨ AkÖæ mseiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb|
gvIjvbv Bmjvnxi Rvgvqv‡Z †hvM`v‡bi ci ciB eû Djvgv‡q †KivgI †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨
we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvIjvbv gydZx gynv¤§` BDmyd, gvIjvbv nvKxg Avãyi inxg Avkivd, gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
†PivM, gvIjvbv gydZx mvBqvûÏxb KvKv‡Lj, gvIjvbv Imx gvhnvi b`fx, gvIjvbv d‡Zn gynv¤§` cÖgyL|
Gfv‡e Djvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`v‡bi AbycvZ G‡ZvUv †e‡o hvq †h, 1945 mv‡j Rvgvqv‡Zi
iæKwbqv‡Zi R‡b¨ †h 224 Rb Av‡e`b K‡ib, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖL¨vZ Djvgvi msL¨v wQj lvU| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨
wQ‡jb gv`ªvmvi wkÿKe„›`, QvÎ Ges gv`ªvmvi mb`cÖvß e¨w³MY| gvIjvbv gI`~`xi `vIqv‡Zi †h we‡kl
w`KwU me©Î M„nxZ nq Ges Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvq, mfv-mwgwZ‡Z, Øxbx gvnwdjmg~‡n Zv aŸwbZ-cÖwZaŸwbZ
n‡Z _v‡K, Zv n‡”Q- nv‡KwgqvZ Z_v mve©‡f․gZ¡ (Sovereignty) GKgvÎ Avjøvn Zvqvjvi|
ûKzg kvmb Kivi, AvBb iPbv Kivi AwaKvi GKgvÎ Avjøvn Zvqvjvi|
AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve

AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖfve `ªæZMwZ‡Z Qwo‡q c‡o| Zvi KviY RvgvqvZ
cÖwZôvZvi cÖwZwU K_v I e³e¨ AZ¨šÍ hyw³m½Z, ü`qMÖvnx I gg©¯úkx©| KziAv‡bi e³e¨‡K wZwb GK
†Lv`vcÖ`Ë cÖKvk fw½gvq †kªvZvi mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡Zb, hv mn‡RB gvby‡li AšÍ‡ii Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zv|
wkwÿZ mgvR Aev¯Íe I Ag~jK Mí-Kvwnbxi cwie‡Z© hyw³-cÖgv‡Yi Dci AwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q _v‡K|
GR‡b¨ AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ huviv Øx‡bi †PZbv I †cÖiYv iv‡Lb, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ
Zv‡ì g‡biB cÖwZaŸwb K‡i Ges `ªæZMwZ‡Z Zuviv Rvgvqv‡Zi w`‡K avweZ nb|
AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zv I Rxeb `k©‡bi cÖfve-wPšÍvi weåvwšÍ Ges `„wófw½i weK…wZ
we`¨gvb wQj| AvaywbK hy‡Mi RvZxqZvev`, ag©wbi‡cÿZvev`, mgvRZš¿ cÖf…wZ AvaywbK wPšÍvavivi Kvi‡Y
A‡j․wKKZ¡ I Ag~jK Mí-Kvwnbxi Zzjbvq hyw³evw`Zv Zuv‡ì g‡b Av‡e`b m„wó K‡i| gvIjvbv gI`~`x
Zvui kw³kvjx hyw³-cÖgvYvwì Øviv Zv‡ì weåvwšÍ `~i Ki‡Z mÿg nb Ges Zviv Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B
gvIjvbvi wPšÍvavivq cÖfvweZ n‡q c‡ob|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôv-m‡¤§j‡b (26†k AvM÷, 1941) Ggb eû AvaywbK wkwÿZ hyeK †hvM`vb
K‡ib huviv m‡e gvÎ Rxeb msMÖv‡g c`‡ÿc KiwQ‡jb| wKš‧ gvIjvbvi wecøevZ¥K AvnŸvb Zuv‡ì Rxe‡bi
†gvo G‡Kev‡i cwieZ©b K‡i †`q Ges Zuviv Zuv‡ì h_vme©¯^ Bmjv‡gi R‡b¨ DrmM© K‡ib|
huviv Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖ_g m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb Kivi ci Rvgvqv‡Z AšÍfz©³ nb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ t
01| Rbve KvgviæÏxb Lvb- jv‡nvi
02| Rbve wg¯¿x gynv¤§` wmÏxK- gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv‡ì Nwbô mnPi|
03| Wvt mvB‡q` bvhxi Avjx hvq`x-
04| gvwjK bvmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh- cÖL¨vZ mvsevw`K
05| †P․ayix gynv¤§` AvKei, Gg, G, we, GW
06| Rbve Avãyj RveŸvi MvRx, GgG, we, GW, wcÖwÝcvj, A¨vs‡jv GivweK K‡jR, w`jøx
07| Wvt nvexeyjøvn- we,G
08| mvB‡q` gynv¤§` ûmvBb Rv‡gqx we G
09| gvwjK †Mvjvg Avjx we G (cvwK¯Ívb kwiqZ †Kv‡U©i mv‡eK wePvicwZ|)
10| wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§`, ZrKvjxb D`xqgvb AvBbRxex
11| gynv¤§` web Avjx Ajyfx
12| †P․ayix Avãyi ingvb
13| Rbve dRjyi ingvb bCg wmÏxKx
14| mvB‡q` gynv¤§` kvn Gg, G
15| †P․ayix bymivZ ûmvBb we, G we,wU
16| †P․ayix †Mvjvg wRjvbx we,G
G me †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ AwaKvskB wQ‡jb hyeK Ges m‡egvÎ K‡jR wkÿv mgvß K‡i †ewi‡q‡Qb| wKQz
wkÿv_x©I wQ‡jb| wKš‧ Zuv‡ì AwaKvskB Avjøvni c‡_ Rxeb wewj‡q †`qvi g‡bvfve wb‡qB G‡mwQ‡jb|
gvIjvbv gI`~`xi mnR mij A_P gg©¯úkx© I ü`MÖvnx cÖKvkfw½ Pz¤‡^ Ki g‡Zv bI‡Rvqvb‡ì‡K
Av‡›`vj‡b †U‡b G‡bwQj| †P․ayix Avjx Avng` Lvb (PvKzixiZ cywjk Awdmvi), mvB‡q` wmÏxKzj nvmvb
wMjvbx we, G, Rbve ev‡Ki Lvb we, G, Rbve G Avi mydx©, †P․ayix bvmxi Avng` Lvb, we,G, mvB‡q`
bvwmi Avng` we G, Lvhv gynv¤§` wmÏxK, Gg, G nvKxg BKevj û‡mb Gg, G, Wvt gynv¤§` mvjvg wmÏxKx,
Rbve gynv¤§` BDmyd wmÏxKx, Rbve Avãyj nvB we, Gm-wm, kvmm cxiRv`v, bhi gynv¤§` Lv‡j`, Lv‡j`
wmÏxKx, nvKxg gykZvK Avng` cÖgyL- hyeK`j Rvgvqv‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i Zuv‡ì A‡kl Z¨vM I Kzievbxi
cÖgvY w`‡q‡Qb|
†h †Kvb wecøex Av‡›`vj‡b hyeK‡ì cÖ‡qvRb nq †ekx Ges ZvivB AwaKZi †hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY w`‡Z cv‡i|
Avw¤^qv‡q †Kiv‡gi mv‡_, we‡kl K‡i †divD‡bi weiæ‡× nhiZ gymvi (Avt) Av‡›`vj‡b hyeKe„›`B wQ‡jb
AMÖMvgx Ges bex gy¯Ívdvi (mt) Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖv_wgK hy‡M †lvj eQi †_‡K AvUwÎk eQ‡ii hyeKMYB
wQ‡jb Zuvi m½x-mv_x| gvIjvbv gI`~`xi Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi Wv‡K ZvB hyeKivB G‡m‡Qb `‡j `‡j|
Zuviv Rxe‡bi evRx †i‡L Av‡›`vjb‡K kw³kvjx K‡i‡Qb|
1945-46 mv‡ji evwl©K wi‡cv‡U© G Z_¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq †h, AvaywbK wkwÿZ hyeK‡ì Av‡›`vj‡b
†hvM`v‡bi msL¨v µgkB †e‡o P‡j‡Q| †h welq¸‡jv wkwÿZ bI‡Rvqvb‡ì‡K †ekx AvK…ó K‡iwQj Zv
n‡jv wecøex g‡bvfve, Zv¸‡Zi weiæ‡× msMÖvg, wRnv`x †cÖiYv, GK †Lv`vi mve©‡f․gZ¡ e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ mKj
mve©‡f․gZ¡ cÖZ¨vL¨vb, bex gynv¤§‡ì (mt) †bZ…‡Z¡ AbymiY, Av‡Liv‡Z mKj K…ZK‡g©i Revew`wni Zxeª
Abyf‚wZ| G me wPšÍvaviv hyeK‡ì‡K me©vwaK AvK…ó K‡i Ges G m‡ei R‡b¨ Zviv Rxeb w`‡ZI cÖ¯‧Z
nq| Rvgvqv‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki kZ©¸‡jv hwÌ Zv‡ì R‡b¨ wQj AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi, Z_vwc Zviv Pig Kzievbxi cwiPq
w`‡q kZ©¸‡jv c~iY K‡i‡Q| †hgb aiæb t
1| Rvgvqv‡Z cÖ‡ekKvix‡K dih I Iqv‡Remg~n cy‡ivcywi cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e, cÖwZwU nvivg KvR †_‡K `~‡i
_vK‡Z n‡e|
2| †Kvb bvRv‡qh cš vq RxweKv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
3| Kv‡iv †Kvb nK bó K‡i _vK‡j nK`vi‡K Zv †diZ w`‡Z n‡e|
Av‡jg mgv‡Ri R‡b¨ G me kZ© cvjb †Zgb KwVb bv n‡jI, hviv K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vjqi ag©nxb I †bvsiv
cwi‡ek †_‡K G‡m‡Q, Zv‡ì G me kZ© †g‡b Pjv Pig AwMœcixÿvi welq e‡U| wKš‧ †h‡nZz Cgv‡bi
A_©B n‡”Q wKQz MÖnY I wKQz eR©b Ges Zvi `vex KzievbxIÑZvB G Kzievbxi R‡b¨ hyeK`j AKvZ‡i
GwM‡q G‡m‡Q|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I Zv¸Zx kvmb

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Z_v kwiq‡Zi `„wó‡Z e„wUk mvgªvRëv`x kvmb wQj A‣eafv‡e ÿgZv `LjKvix Rv‡jg
I •¯îvPvix kw³| G kw³i mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv Kiv †Kvb gymjgv‡biB †kvfv cvq bv| G wQj GKwU Bmjvgx
we‡ivax Zv¸Zx kvmb| Zvi Av`vj‡Z wePvicÖv_x© nIqv wQj Cgv‡bi cwicš x|
- †n bex (mt) Zzwg wK †`Lwb Zv‡ì‡K hviv `vex †Zv K‡i †h, Zviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q H wKZv‡ei Dci hv
†Zvgvi Dci bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Hme wKZv‡ei DciI hv †Zvgvi c~‡e© bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q, A_P Zviv
Zv‡ì welqvwì dvqmvjvi R‡b¨ Zv¸‡Zi (Av`vj‡Z) kiYvcbœ nq, hwÌ Zv‡ì‡K (Zv¸Z‡K) A¯^xKvi
Kivi Av‡`k Kiv n‡q‡Q- (m~iv wbmvt 60)
Gfv‡e Zv‡ì Aax‡b PvKzix-evKzix Kiv
Gi AšÍfz©³- hv Avjøvn my¯úóiƒ‡c wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| hviv Bs‡i‡Ri Aax‡b †Kvb PvKzix K‡i, Zv‡ì
Av`vj‡Z IKvjZx K‡i, Zviv Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖ_g mvwii Kgx© n‡Z cv‡i bv wKQz‡ZB|
Avð‡h©i welq, G ai‡bi wPšÍv ZrKvjxb A‡bK eyhyM©v‡b Øx‡bi gv_vqI Av‡mwb| Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB e‡ov
e‡ov miKvix c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb| gvIjvbvi G wPšÍvaviv †h cwic~Y© kwiqZ I my¯  we‡eKm¤úbœ Zv huviv
Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb Zuviv Zv¸Zx miKv‡ii mv‡_ mKj m¤úK© wQbœ K‡ib|
wkwÿZ hyeK`‡ji miKv‡ii Aax‡b PvKzix A_ev IKvjwZ K‡i RxweKv AR©‡bi myeY© my‡hvM wQj| Aci
w`‡K Bmjv‡gi mwZ¨Kvi aviYv Zv‡ì‡K Zv¸‡Zi mv‡_ Amn‡hvwMZvi AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Qj| Zuviv G wØavØ›Ø
I AwMœcixÿvq Bmjv‡gi mc‡ÿB AUj wm×všÍ MÖnY Kib| A‡b‡KB †jvfbxq miKvix PvKzix cwiZ¨vM
K‡ib| IKvjwZ †ckv cwinvi K‡i nvwmgy‡L `vwi`¨ eiY K‡ib| A‡b‡K wcZvgvZv I AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi
weivMfvRb nb, eëmv-evwY‡R¨ ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nb| wKš‧ Avjøvn Zvqvjv‡K Amš‧ó K‡i `ywbqvi †Kvb
gvbyl‡K mš‧ó Kivi cÖeYZv cwinvi K‡ib|
wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§` Kvcyi_vjvi D`xqgvb AvBb eëmvqx wQ‡jb Ges Rvgvqv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivi c~‡e© Zuvi
wUc& Uc mv‡nex †cvlvK I Rxebhvcb cÖYvjx †`‡L g‡b n‡Zv wZwb •`wbK cÖPzi A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Zb| wKš‧
Rvgvqv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivi `ygv‡mi g‡a¨ wZwb Zuvi g‡a¨ GK wecøex cwieZ©b G‡bwQ‡jb| IKvjZx cwiZ¨vM
K‡i †Kvb cÖKv‡i `ygy‡Vv Avnvi msMÖn Ki‡Zb|
wVK †Zgwb †P․ayix Avjx Avn¤§` Lvb GKRb D”PwkwÿZ Ruv`‡ij cywjk Awdmvi wQ‡jb| †gvUv Av‡qi
PvKzix Qvovi ci RxweKvi R‡b¨ wZwb ¯^qs GKwU †nv‡Uj K‡ib| wb‡R ivbœv Ki‡Zb, L‡Ïi‡ì‡K Lvbv
cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb| GgbwK wbR nv‡Z me wKQz mvwR‡q L‡Ïi‡ì‡K †L‡Z w`‡q Zv‡ì mv‡_ AvšÍwiKZv
mnKv‡i Mí¸R‡e wjß n‡Zb| duv‡K duv‡K Zv‡ì mv‡_ Bmjvgx `vIqvZ †ck Ki‡Zb Ges mvwnZÏ
cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb| Avjøvni c‡_ Gi †P‡q e‡ov Kzievbx Avi wK n‡Z cv‡i?
AvIisMwhe AvjgMxi ev`kvn MvRx weivU wekvj fviZ mvgªv‡Rï GKgvÎ AwacwZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I Ges Zuvi
†KvlvMv‡i †KvwU †KvwU UvKvi m¤ú` _vKv m‡Ë¡I wbRnv‡Z KziAvb wj‡L I Uzwc †mjvB K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn
Ki‡Zb| ivR †KvlvMvi †_‡K GKwU Kc`©KI MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| GBZ Bmjv‡gi kvk¦Z Av`k© I †mvbvjx
wPÎ|
gvIjvbv gI`~`xi Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb G Av`‡k©i cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K AvK…ó K‡i‡Q|
Ab¨vb¨ gn‡j Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve
cig cwiZv‡ci welq n‡jI ej‡Z nq †h Avgv‡ì kª‡×q mydxqv‡b †Kivg I gvkv‡q‡L ZixKZ wb‡R‡ì
c„_K c„_K nvjKv evwb‡q †i‡L‡Qb| cÖ‡Z¨K nvjKv GKwU A_©‣bwZK I agx©q BDwbU wn‡m‡e we`¨gvb|
Zuviv ewnR©MZ †_‡K G‡Kev‡i wew”Qbœ n‡q wbR¯^ a¨vb-aviYv I KvRKg© wb‡q c‡o i‡q‡Qb| G R‡b¨
mvaviYZ G ¯^wbf©i A_©‣bwZK I iƒnvbx BDwb‡U evB‡ii †KD †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡ibv Ges bv mvaviYZ
†fZi †_‡K evB‡ii mv‡_ †KD m¤úK© iv‡L| Avevi Ggb wKQz `jI Av‡Q hv‡ì evB‡ii mv‡_ †Kvb
m¤úK© ivLv, Ab¨ †Kvb gvnwd‡j †hvM`vb Kiv, wbw`©ó wba©vwiZ cvV¨ ZvwjKv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb mvwnZ¨
¯úk© Kiv, Ab¨ Kv‡iv civg‡k© Kvb †`qv G‡Kev‡i K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl× Av‡Q| mZ¨ wg_¨v huvPvB Kivi †Kvb
¯^vaxbZvI Zv‡ì †bB| G me ¯ v‡b Bmjvgx `vIqvZ †ck Kivi my‡hvM AwZ AíB cvIqv hvq|
ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K gymwjg jxM me‡P‡q †ekx Kgx© Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡K mieivn K‡i‡Q| G
R‡b¨ †h Zv‡ìI jÿ¨ Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯ vi cÖwZôv, hvi R‡b¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi `vex D‡VwQj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨
huviv wbôvevb wQ‡jb Zuviv Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb †h gymwjg jx‡Mi wbK‡U Ggb †Kvb cwiKíbv wQjbv hvi Øviv
Bmjvgx PwiÎ MVb I Bmjvgx †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôv Kiv hvq| G Kvi‡YB Zuviv µgk Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡Z
†hvM`vb Kiv ïiæ K‡ib| G K_v mZ¨ †h cÖv_wgK hy‡M †h me ivR‣bwZK Kgx© Rvgvqv‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB gymwjg jx‡M wQ‡jb|
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PviwU HwZnvwmK m‡¤§jb

Gjvnvev` m‡¤§j‡bi ci mvZPwjø‡ki Rvbyqvix‡Z AbywôZ gRwj‡m k~ivi wm×všÍ nq †h, cvUbvq wbwLj
fviZ evwl©K m‡¤§jb n‡e Ges Zvi R‡b¨ 4, 5 I 6 GwcÖj ZvwiLI wbe©vwPZ K‡i †`qv nq| wKš‧ G eQiwU
mviv fvi‡Z mv¤úÖ`vwqK nZ¨vKvÐ I nvbvnvwbi eQ‡i cwiYZ nq| GKw`‡K gymjgvb‡ì cÿ †_‡K
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb ZxeªZi n‡q I‡V, Aciw`‡K fvi‡Zi msL¨vMwiô wn›`y m¤úÖ`vq fviZ‡K ALÐ ivLvi
R‡b¨ gymwjg wbabKv‡h© AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i| fviZxq wn›`y gnvmfvi cÿ †_‡K Zvi mfvcwZ k¨vgvcÖmv`
gyLvwR© û¼vi w`‡q ej‡Z _v‡Kb, Ôgymjgvbiv ewnivMZ-G‡`‡k emev‡mi AwaKvi Zv‡ì †bB| wn›`yRvwZi
mv‡_ wg‡j GKRvwZ n‡q _vK‡Z PvI _vK, bZzev †hLvb †_‡K G‡mQ †mLv‡b P‡j hvI|Õ Gfv‡e Ab¨vb¨
wn›`y †bZ…e„‡›ì cÿ †_‡KI Abyiƒc D¯‥vwbg~jK e³…Zv-wee„wZ mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½vi BÜb †RvMv‡Z _v‡K|
mviv fvi‡Zi gymjgvb‡ì Rvbgvj B¾Z-Aveiæ Pig ûgwKi m¤§yLxb nq Ges †hLv‡b-†mLv‡b mv¤úÖ`vwqK
`v½vi Av¸b R¡j‡Z _v‡K| GgZve¯ vq gymjgvb‡ì †Kv_vI Rgv‡qZ nIqv, GK¯ vb †_‡K Ab¨Î hvZvqvZ
Kiv LyeB wec¾bK n‡q c‡o| G R‡b¨ †`ke¨vcx †Kvb m‡¤§jb Kiv G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e n‡q c‡owQj|
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ †K‡›`ª Dcw¯ Z wQ‡jb Ggb me k~iv m`m¨‡K wb‡q civgk© K‡i AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib †h,
mviv fvi‡Zi Kgx©MY‡K †Kvb GK¯ v‡b mg‡eZ Kiv eyw×gv‡bi KvR n‡e bv| AZGe wbwLj fviZ
m‡¤§j‡bi cwie‡Z© PviwU wefvMxq m‡¤§jb Kivi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| Uzs, cvUbv, gv`ªvR Ges `viæj Bmjvg
cvVvb‡KvU G Pvi ¯ v‡b Avjøvn Zvqvjvi Dci fimv K‡i m‡¤§jb Kivi wm×všÍ nq|
Uzs m‡¤§jb (17 I 18B GwcÖj- 1947)
G m‡¤§j‡b ivRcyZvbv, wm wc, †eivi, †ev‡¤^ Ges ga¨ fvi‡Zi Kgx©MY †hvM`vb K‡ib|
G m‡¤§jb¸‡jvi ¸iæZ¡ G‡Zv †ekx G R‡b¨ wQj †h, ALÐ fvi‡Z G¸‡jv wQj †kl m‡¤§jb Ges †mR‡b¨
fwel¨‡Zi Ae¯ vi Av‡jv‡K Kg©m~Px wba©vi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb wQj|
wefv‡Mi wewfbœ ¯ vb †_‡K cÖvq †ò kÕ iæKb, Kgx© I ïfvKv•¶x Uzs m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| †K›`ª †_‡K
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ I wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§` mv‡ne †hvM`vb K‡ib|
m‡Z‡ivB GwcÖj cÖ_g Awa‡ekb †ejv AvUUv †_‡K GMv‡ivUv ch©šÍ, wØZxq Awa‡ekb-†hvn‡ii ci †_‡K
Avmi ch©šÍ Ges Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb-Avm‡ii ci †_‡K gvMwie ch©šÍ P‡j| G¸‡jv wQj ïay iæKb‡ì •eVK|
G‡Z cwiwPwZ, wi‡cvU© MÖnY, Zvi ch©v‡jvPbv BZ¨vw` P‡j| mgMÖ wefvM‡K KZK¸‡jv †QvU AÂ‡j wef³
K‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwUi `vwqZ¡kxj wb‡qvM Kiv nq Ges `yÕwZbR‡bi GKwU K‡i Uxg •Zix K‡i `vIqvZx KvR
eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i †`qv nq|
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ Zuvi †n`vqvZ `vb cÖm‡½ e‡jb, Avw_©K Amyweav Avgv‡ì Kgx©‡ì Kv‡R cÖwZeÜK nIqv
DwPZ bq| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ G Abyf‚wZ m`v RvMÖZ _vKv DwPZ †h, Zuviv gymjgvb Ges Zuv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zuv‡ì
Avg‡ji Revew`wn †Lv`vi Kv‡Q Ki‡Z n‡e|
wØZxq w`b (18B GwcÖj) Rygvi w`b-mKvj 8Uv †_‡K 11Uv ch©šÍ Awa‡ekb P‡j| G‡Z cÖvq wZbkÕ †jvK
AskMÖnY K‡ib| Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ Zuvi fvl‡Y e‡jb, Ab¨vb¨ ¯ v‡bi †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì `vIqvZ †ck
Kivi R‡b¨ nq‡Zv `xN© e³…Zvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ Uzs Awaevmx‡ì Kv‡Q G‡ZvUzKz ejvB h‡_ó n‡e
†h, Avgv‡ì jÿ¨ ZvB hvi R‡b¨ mvB‡q` Avng` knx` (it) ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb|
gvIjvbvi e³…Zvi ci wgqv mv‡ne evwl©K wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| Rygvi bvgvh ev` †ejv wZbUvq iæKb‡ì
•eVK nq| GLv‡b wKQz fzj eySveywSi Aemvb Kiv nq, cÖ‡kœvËi nq Ges wKQz cÖ¯Íve-civgk© M„nxZ nq|
iv‡Z Rbmfv AbywôZ nq Ges G‡Z gvIjvbv RbM‡Yi mvg‡b Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ †ck K‡ib|
AZtci gwnjv‡ì m‡¤§jb nq Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv I Kg©c×wZ e‡j †`qv nq|
Uzs-G GKw`b Ae¯ v‡bi ci 21†k GwcÖj †Uªb‡hv‡M gvIjvbv I wgqv mv‡ne gv`ªvR m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi
D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv nb|
gv`ªvR m‡¤§jb (25†k I 26†k GwcÖj)
G m‡¤§j‡bi cÖavb AwZw_ Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ gvIjvbv mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`x Ges we‡kl AwZw_
Rvgvqv‡Zi †m‡µUvix †Rbv‡ij wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§`| gv`ªvR, nvqìvev` Ges gwnk~i †_‡K cÖvq AvovBkÕ
iæKb I Kgx© m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| fviZ wefv‡Mi c~‡e© Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi `wÿY fvi‡Z GB wQj
me©‡kl m‡¤§jb- †mR‡b¨ Gi ¸iæZ¡ wQj AZ¨waK †ekx|
cuwP‡k GwcÖj Rygvi w`b wVK †ejv `yUvq m‡¤§j‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ Zuvi mswÿß D‡Øvabx
fvl‡Y wbwLj m‡¤§jb gyjZexKiY Ges Z`¯ ‡j wefvMxq m‡¤§jb Kivi KviY eY©bv K‡ib| †`‡ki
PvÂj¨Ki cwiw¯ wZi Av‡jv‡K G m‡¤§jb¸‡jvi ¸iæ‡Z¡i cÖwZ †kªvZv‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib Ges wbweó g‡b
Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g AvMvgx w`‡bi Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© mRvM n‡Z Aby‡iva Rvbvb| Gici KvB‡q‡g
RvgvqvZ evwl©K wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| Zvici gv`ªvR cÖ‡`‡ki KvB‡qg gvIjvbv mvB‡q` wmeMvZzjøvn
eLwZqvi cÖv‡`wkK wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| Gme wi‡cv‡U© †h mKj wel‡qi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nq Zvn‡jv,
†`‡k I we‡`‡k Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZ¨ cwi‡ekb, D`y© e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq `vIqvZx mvwnZ¨ iPbv,
mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½vnv½vgv I Rvgvqv‡Zi mnbkxj I gvbeZvmyjf f‚wgKv, gRwj‡m k~ivi wbe©vPb, eZ©gvb
cwiw¯ wZ‡Z Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi K‡qKwU Amyweav cÖf…wZ|
wØZxq Awa‡ekb ïiæ nq ev` gvM‡ie| G‡Z QÕmvZkÕ †kªvZv †hvM`vb K‡ib| gvIjvbv Amy¯ Zvi ìæb
Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zuvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj|
G •eV‡K Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ Bs‡iRx fvlvq †ck K‡ib Rbve gvhnviæÏxb wmÏxKx| wZwb Zuvi
fvl‡Y e‡jb, gymjgvb Zv‡K e‡j, †h
v G hgx‡bi Dc‡i wek¦mªóv Avjøvn Zvqvjv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ A_ev mËvi KZ…©Z¡, cÖfzZ¡ I
mve©‡f․gZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡i bv|
v gymjgvb Ggb †Kvb †bZvi †bZ…Z¡, c_cÖ`k©b I AvbyMZ¨ †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv, †h †Lv`v I Zuvi
ivm~j (mt) Gi †Kvb c‡ivqv K‡i bv|
v gymjgvb Ggb †Kvb AvBb‡K •ea AvBb Ges Ggb †Kvb msweavb‡K •ea msweavb e‡j †g‡b
wb‡Z cv‡i bv, hv †Lv`vi bvwhjK…Z AvBbweavb‡K mKj AvBb I msweav‡bi Drm e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i bv|
D‡jøL¨ †h, ZrKvjxb Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q wn›` wn›`y Ks‡MÖ‡miB GKwU ZíxevnK ms¯ v wQj, hviv wQj
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡bi Pig we‡ivax| Rvgvqv‡Zi G m‡¤§jb‡K gymwjg jxM Kgx©MY Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q
wn‡›ì m‡¤§jb g‡b K‡i GK`j `y®‥…ZKvixi mvnv‡h¨ m‡¤§j‡bi Dci nVvr nvgjv Pvjvq, gÂI `Lj K‡i
†bq| ivbœv Kiv mgy`q Lvbv bó K‡i †d‡j| GgbwK Zuv‡ì †bZ…e„‡›ì wb‡la Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zviv G `y®‥…wZ
†_‡K weiZ _v‡K bv| Aek¨ c‡i ¯ vbxq gymwjg jx‡Mi `vwqZ¡kxjMY Gi R‡b¨ `ytL cÖKvk K‡i ÿgv Pvb|
cÖKvk _v‡K †h, RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb G ai‡bi PwiÎB •Zix K‡i|
gymwjg jxM GK gnvb I cweÎ D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji bvg K‡i cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb KiwQj Ges `k †KvwU
gymjgv‡bi Avkv-AvKv•¶v Zvi g‡a¨B †K›`ªxf‚Z wQj| wKš‧ gymwjg jxM Kgx©‡ì Bmjvgx PwiÎ MV‡bi
†Kvb Kg©m~Px nv‡Z †bqwb Ges Gi †Kvb wPšÍvI Zv‡ì gw¯Í‡®‥ wQj bv| KviY eû bvw¯ÍK, KwgDwb÷ Ges
†Lv`vwegyL †jvK Bmjv‡gi Zmexngvjv nv‡Z wb‡q gymwjg jx‡M wewfbœ †bZ…‡Z¡i Avmb `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj|
hv †nvK, nvgjvKvix‡ì m‡¤^vab K‡i wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§` e‡jb, Avcbv‡ì •ah© I mnbkxjZvi AvPiY
Kiv DwPZ| wb‡R‡ì Awfjvl I fvev‡eM `gb Kivi kw³ AR©b Kiv ìKvi| †h AvPiY Avcbviv
Ki‡jb, Zv gvbeZv, f`ªZv, •bwZKZv †Kvb w`K w`‡qB wK mwVK n‡q‡Q? Avcbviv gymjgvb| f`ª Zvi mv‡_
wb‡R‡ì K_v ejvi Ges Ac‡ii K_v ïbvi Af¨vm Kiæb| Avgv‡ì `vIqv‡Zi wfwË wKZve I mybœvZ| Zv
LÐb Ki‡Z n‡j wKZve I mybœv‡Zi `jxj w`‡qB Ki‡Z n‡e| `jxjmn Avgiv Avgv‡ì ÎæwU ms‡kvab
Ki‡Z cvwi wKš‧ †Kvb fxwZ cÖ`k©b I ûgwKi c‡ivqv Avgiv †gv‡UB Kwi bv| Avcbv‡ì †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j
Rbmfvq Zvi Reve †`qv n‡e| Zvici GMv‡ivUvq •eV‡Ki mgvwß †NvlYv Kiv nq|
Gme NUbv ïbevi ci Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ Rbmfv eÜ K‡i †`b| wZwb e‡jb, Avgiv Rei`w¯Í Kv‡iv Dc‡i
Avgv‡ì K_v Pvwc‡q w`‡Z PvB bv| gv`ªvRevmx hw` Avgv‡ì K_v ïb‡Z bv Pvq, †Zv AvgivI ej‡Z PvB
bv|
ciw`b 26†k GwcÖj me KvR Rbve bvhxi †nv‡mb Kvmyixi evmM„‡n nq| gvIjvbv gI`~`x Kvmyix mv‡n‡eiB
†gngvb n‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡jvPbv PjvKv‡j Ave`yj nvwdh bv‡g R‣bK ¯ vbxq gymwjg jxM †bZv gvIjvbvi
mv‡_ †`Lv K‡i MZKv‡ji NUbvi R‡b¨ LyeB `ytL cÖKvk K‡i evi evi ÿgv PvBwQ‡jb| wZwb e‡jb,
KwZcq `yó †jv‡Ki •bwZKZvwe‡ivax AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y Rbmfv eÜ Ki‡eb bv| wZwb wbðqZv †`b †h, Ggb
AvPiY Avi KL‡bv n‡e bv|
GKw`‡K gymwjg jxM †bZ…e„›` jw¾Z I AbyZß n‡q ÿgv PvBwQ‡jb, Aciw`‡K Zuv‡ì `yócÖK…wZi
Kgx©evwnbx mfvgÂ `Lj K‡i •nnjøv KiwQj|
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ e‡jb, cÖ_‡g Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì Kgx©‡ì‡K wbqwš¿Z Kiæb, Zvi ci †Kvb K_v n‡Z
cv‡i|
cywjk `y®‥…ZKvix‡ì‡K QÎf½ K‡i Rbmfvi cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i w`‡Z PvB‡jv| Zvi Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb,
G Avgv‡ì wbR¯^ e¨vcvi| Avgiv wb‡RivB Gi gxgvsmv K‡i †dj‡ev| Avcbv‡ì n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci cÖ‡qvRb n‡e
bv| Avcbv‡ì ïKwiqv|
cwiZv‡ci welq, ciw`b gymwjg jxM †bZ…e„›` Zv‡ì Kgx©‡ì ¸Ðvwgi mg_©‡b wee„wZ w`‡q Zv‡ì mwZ¨Kvi
Pwi‡Îi cwiPq w`‡jb| GKwU Av`k©ev`x `j I GKwU PwiÎnxb Kgx© evwnbxi †bZ…Z¡ `vbKvix RvZxqZvev`x
`‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †h Avmgvb I hgx‡bi, Zv Kv‡iv eyS‡Z evKx _vKvi K_v bq|
Kvmyix mv‡n‡ei M„‡n mKvj 8Uv †_‡K 12Uv ch©šÍ •eVK P‡j| G •eV‡K eû mvsMVwbK Av‡jvPbvi ci
Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fvlY †ck K‡ib|
fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì fwel¨Z Kg©m~Px
G m‡¤§jb fvi‡Zi me©‡kl Kgx©m‡¤§jb g‡b K‡i gvIjvbv gI`~`x cÖ‡qvRb †eva K‡ib †h, †h cwieZ©b
Aek¨¤¢vex fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì mvg‡b Zv wPwýZ K‡i Z`byhvqx Zv‡ì fwel¨Z Kg©m~Px wba©viY Ki‡Z
n‡e| wZwb my¯úó K‡i e‡jb, AwZ mZ¡i fviZ wef³ n‡q hv‡e Ges wn›`yMY Zv‡ì GjvKvq Ges
gymjgvbMY Zv‡ì msL¨vMwiô GjvKvq Avcb Avcb gwR© gyZv‡eK wb‡R‡ì ¯^vaxb ivóª cwiPvjbv Ki‡e|
hvi d‡j Kv‡Ri eZ©gvb c×wZ G‡Kev‡iB e`‡j hv‡e| wZwb e‡jb, fwel¨‡Z wn›`y‡ì †h RvZxq ivóª n‡Z
hv‡”Q Zv‡Z msL¨vjNy gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ Zv‡ì wZbwU `vex Kiv n‡e-
v †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì ¯^Zš¿ RvZxqZvi `vex Ges Zvi wfwË‡Z ¯ vqx AwaKvi Av`v‡qi `vex cÖZ¨vnvi
K‡i GKRvZxqZvi g‡a¨ GKvKvi n‡q hvI|
v A_ev Gi R‡b¨ •Zix bv n‡j mKj cÖKvi AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q k~`ª-A”Qz‡Zi b¨vq Rxeb
hvcb Ki‡Z •Zix nI|
v A_ev G‡ZI ivRx bv n‡j †Zvgv‡ì‡K Ggbfv‡e wbg~©j Kivi wµqv ïiæ Kiv n‡e †h, RvZxq
iv‡óªi mxgvi †fZ‡i †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb bvg-wbkvbv _vK‡e bv|
Zvici gvIjvbv e‡jb, G wZbwU `vexi Rev‡e gymjgvb‡ì‡K wZbwU c‡_i †h †Kvb GKwU
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| bB‡j-
v RvZxqZvev`x gymjgvb‡ì cwjwm †g‡b wb‡q wn›`y RvZxqZvi g‡a¨ wg‡k GKvKvi nIqvi R‡b¨
•Zix n‡Z n‡e|
v wØZxqZ, gymwjg RvZxqZvev‡ì eZ©gvb ixwZbxwZi Dci Pj‡Z Pj‡Z G‡Kev‡i wbt‡kl n‡q
hv‡e|
v Z…ZxqZ, RvZxqZvev` Zvi ixwZ-c×wZ, `vex-`vIqv cÖf…wZ †_‡K ZIev K‡i Bmjvgx c_wb‡`©k
MÖnY Ki‡e, hvi `vex GB †h, gymjgvb Zvi RvZxq ¯^v‡_©i R‡b¨ msMÖvg Kivi cwie‡Z© Zv‡ì mKj †Póv-
PwiÎ Bmjv‡gi ms¯‥vig~jK `vIqv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡e|
me©‡k‡l wZwb RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì m‡¤^vab K‡i e‡jb †h, fvi‡Z Bmjvgx wecø‡ei c_ myMg Kivi R‡b¨
Zv‡ì wK Kiv ìKvi| wZwb e‡jb-
1| me‡P‡q cÖ_g KvR GB †h, AvR ch©šÍ gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ †h RvZxq msNvZ-msNl© P‡j Avm‡Q Zv
eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
gymjgvb Bmjv‡gi R‡b¨ KvR Kivi cwie‡Z© Avcb RvZxq ¯^v_© I `vex Av`v‡qi R‡b¨ msMÖvg
Ki‡e GUv Avgvi wbK‡U wQj AZ¨šÍ fzj KvR| GLb G msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ ivLv ïay fzj bq eiÂ AvZ¥NvZx|
2| wØZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR GB †h, gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ e¨vcKfv‡e Bmjvgx Ávb Qov‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ Bmjvgx `vIqvZ I Zejx‡Mi †cÖiYv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì •bwZKZv, ZvgvÏywbK I mvgvwRK Rxeb
Ggb cwiï× Ki‡Z n‡e †h, cÖwZ‡ekx AgymjgvbMY Zv‡ì mgv‡Ri Zzjbvq gymwjg mgvR‡K my¯úóiƒ‡c
AwaKZi fv‡jv g‡b Ki‡Z _v‡K|
3| Z…Zxq cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR GB †h, G †`‡ki gvbwmK kw³i h‡Zv †ekx Ask m¤¢e Avgv‡ì G
`vIqv‡Zi Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e| Bmjvgx `vIqvZ‡K GKwU MY Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc w`‡Z n‡j huviv Bmjvgx
Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbvi R‡b¨ me©cÖKvi †hvM¨Zv iv‡Lb Zuv‡ì‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
4| huviv Avgv‡ì Kgx© Ges fwel¨‡Z huviv n‡eb Zuv‡ì mKj‡KB fvi‡Zi ¯ vbxq fvlv¸‡jv fv‡jv K‡i
wkL‡Z n‡e| †m fvlvq †jLv I e³…Zvi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| †m me fvlvq fwel¨‡Z mvwnZ¨ iPbv
Ki‡Z n‡e| hZ wkMwMi m¤¢e H me fvlvq cÖ‡qvRbxq mvwnZ¨ •Zix Ki‡Z n‡e|
gvIjvbv AviI e‡jb †h, weMZ `k eQi hver †h Zzdv‡bi Avwg fwel¨ØvYx K‡i AvmwQ Zv G‡Kev‡i
Avmbœ| GLb hw` Avcbviv mRvM-m‡PZb bv nb, Zvn‡j G ÎæwU me gymjgvbmn Avcbv‡ì‡KI Wzwe‡q
†`‡e| Avi hw` Avcbviv Avjøvni Dc‡i fimv K‡i Kv‡Ri m~Pbv K‡ib, Zvn‡j Avkv Kwi Avjøvn Zvqvjv
Avcbv‡ì‡K Ggb Dcv‡q mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb hvi wPšÍvI Avcbviv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
G wQj gvIjvbvi AwZ g~jëvb †n`v‡qZ H me gymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨, hv‡ì‡K fviZ wefw³i c‡iI
fvi‡ZB emevm Ki‡Z n‡e| G GK Ab¯^xKvh© mZ¨ †h, cieZx©Kv‡ji Ae¯ v G K_viB mvÿ¨ enb K‡i
†h, fvi‡Zi Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GK my¯úó Kg©m~Px wb‡q cÖvYcY †PóvPwiÎ Ki‡Z _v‡K hvi d‡j G
gymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨ GKwU cÖfvekxj mvgwMÖK mnvq kw³ e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
m~²`kx© I `~i`kx© gvIjvbv fvi‡Z Ae¯ vbKvix RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì R‡b¨ †h fwel¨Z Kg©m~Px wba©vwiZ K‡i
†`b, Zv †h KZLvwb djcÖm~ n‡q‡Q Zvi mvÿ¨ †`b eZ©gvb AÜ« cÖ‡`‡ki Avgxi gvIjvbv Ave`yj Avhxh|
wZwb 1979 mv‡j gvIjvbv gI`~`xi Rvbvhvq kixK nIqvi ci KivPx‡Z mvsevw`K‡ì GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e
e‡jb t
fviZ wefv‡Mi c~‡e© gvIjvbv giûg gv`ªv‡R AbywôZ m‡¤§j‡b Zuvi me©‡kl fvl‡Y G K_vi Dci we‡kl
¸iæZ¡ w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb †h, Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi Kgx©MY †hb GLvbKvi AvÂwjK fvlv¸‡jv fv‡jv K‡i wkÿv
K‡ib-hv GLbKvi R‡b¨ n‡e AZ¨šÍ wm×všÍKi|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wn›` hwÌ G wel‡q wKQzUv axi MwZ‡Z AMÖmi n‡q‡Q, Z_vwc Avjøvn Zvqvjvi †kvKi
†h, fvi‡Zi †P․ÏwU fvlvq wek-evBkwU •`wbK, mvßvwnK I gvwmK cwÎKv Rvgvqv‡Zi cÿ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
n‡”Q| AÜ« cÖ‡`‡ki mv‡o Pvi †KvwU Awaevmxi †Z‡jNy fvlvq bÕ gvm c~‡e© GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv cÖKvk
Kiv n‡q‡Q| ï‡b Lykx n‡eb †h, Zvi kZKiv PwjøkRb MÖvnK Agymwjg| Zvi mvKz©‡jkb cÖvq Pvi nvRvi|
GKwU msL¨vq †Kvb bv †Kvb Agymwj‡gi cÎ cÖKvwkZ nq Ges Zv‡Z ejv nq †h, G cwÎKvwUi gva¨‡g
wZwb Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© G me© cÖ_g Ávb jvf K‡ib|
Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii G ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc gvIjvbv giû‡gi gv`ªv‡R cÖ`Ë †n`v‡qZ AbyhvqxB MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb Avmi †_‡K gvM‡i ch©šÍ P‡j| G mg‡q AZ¨šÍ my›ì I †m․›`h©c~Y© cwi‡e‡k gynvmvevi
KvR m¤úbœ Kiv nq| G‡Z A‡bK ms¯‥vg~jK w`K cwijwÿZ nq|
ev` gvM‡ie m‡¤§j‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Kiv nq|
cvUbv m‡¤§jb (25†k I 26†k GwcÖj 1947)
c~e© fviZ, BDwc, wenvi, Dwol¨v, †bcvj, evsjv Ges Avmv‡gi Kgx©‡ì wb‡q cvUbv m‡¤§jb nq| G
m‡¤§j‡b Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ I †m‡µUvix †Rbv‡ij wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§` kixK n‡Z cv‡ibwb| KviY, GKB
Zvwi‡L Zuviv gv`ªvR m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZGe †K›`ª †_‡K gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx, gvwjK
bmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh-m¤úv`K KvImvi Ges mvB‡q` gynv¤§` nv‡kg, †K›`ªxq mvsMVwbK wefvM- G m‡¤§j‡b
†hvM`vb K‡ib| AskMÖnYKvix Kgx©i msL¨v wQj mv‡o wZbkÕ|
cÖ_g w`b, 25†k GwcÖj mKvj AvUUvq m‡¤§j‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| G wQj Db¥y³ Awa‡ekb-¯ vb RvgvqvZ
Awdm msjMœ myjZvbMÄ g‡n›`ª bvgK †Lvjv gq`vb| cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b PvikÕ-Gi AwaK †jvK †hvM`vb
K‡ib| wKQz ¯ vbxq ïfvKv•¶xI G Awa‡ek‡b wQ‡jb|
wVK mKvj AvUUvq †ZjvIqv‡Z KziAv‡bi gva¨‡g mfvi KvR ïiæ nq Ges gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb
Bmjvnx Zuvi D‡Øvabx fvlY †ck K‡ib| wZwb AwaK msL¨K †jv‡Ki m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi R‡b¨ †Lv`vi
ïKwiqv Av`vq K‡i e‡jb, mv¤úÖ`vwqK nvbvnvwbi Kvi‡YB wbwLj fviZ evwl©K m‡¤§jb ¯ wMZ Ki‡Z
n‡q‡Q| Zvi cwie‡Z© PviwU AvÂwjK m‡¤§jb KivB hyw³msMZ g‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb Zuvi fvl‡Y Avjøvn
Zvqvjvi Bqv`‡K me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ `vb K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb- gvby‡li Ávb, Zvi we‡eK I cÖÁv, gb-gw¯Í®‥,
wPšÍvaviv, `„wófw½ wbf©i K‡i Avjøvn Zvqvjvi whwKi ev Bqv‡ì Dci| Ab¨_vq gvby‡li ev‡Zb ev
Avf¨šÍixY w`K AÜKviv”Qbœ n‡q _v‡K| Zvi gb Zv‡K fzj civgk© †`q| Zvi gb-gw¯Í®‥ Zv‡K Kzc‡_
PvwjZ K‡i| Zvi nvZ-cv Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ Zrci n‡q c‡o| GgbwK †KD hw` Øx‡bi KvRI Ki‡Z Pvq
Ges Zvi w`j †Lv`vi ¯§iY †_‡K Lvwj _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zvi `xb`vix G‡Kev‡i `ywbqv`vix‡ZB cwiYZ nq|
`vIqvZ `vbKvix‡ì G ai‡bi wec` †_‡K Mv‡dj _vKv DwPZ bq| G †iv‡Mi Ilya GKgvÎ †Lv`vi
Bqv‡ì g‡a¨B wbwnZ Av‡Q|
wZwb wØZxq †h wRwb‡mi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib Zv n‡jv `je× PwiÎ MVb| PwiÎevb I †bK †jv‡Ki
Afve bv AZx‡Z wQj Avi bv GLb Av‡Q| wKš‧ Zuviv RvwZi AatcZb G R‡b¨ †VKv‡Z cv‡ibwb †h, Zuviv
RvgvqvZx wh‡›`Mxi mv‡_ mswkøó wQ‡jb bv Ges Zuviv `je× PwiÎ MVbI K‡ibwb| Bmjvgx wecø‡ei R‡b¨
ïaygvÎ mZ¨wbô I †bK nIqvB h‡_ó bq-hw` RvgvqvZe×fv‡e PwiÎ MVb Kiv bv nq| G bvn‡j Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgx MV‡bi D‡ÏkÏ c~Y© n‡e bv| e¨w³MZfv‡e †bK nIqv‡Z †Kvb jvf †bB h‡ZvÿY bv mvgwMÖKfv‡e
†bK Kv‡Ri `vIqvZ †Ìqv nq| RvgvqvZe× RxebB †bZ…Z¡ I AvbyM‡Zï c_ e‡j †`q| RvgvqvZe×
Rxeb hvc‡bB Z¨vM I Kzievbx, webq-bgªZv, fvjevmv, mnvbyf‚wZ I ïfvKv•¶vi †cÖiYv m„wó K‡i| Ab¨vb¨
RvwZi g‡a¨ †h H‡Kï †m․›`h© †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq, Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ Zv bv _vKvi kvw¯Í¯îƒc Avgiv Zv‡ì
†cQ‡b c‡o i‡qwQ|
†`‡k †h mv¤úÖ`vwqK nZ¨vKvÐ Ges ¸Ðve`gv‡qk‡ì †h cÖvavb¨ Pj‡Q Zvi KviY n‡”Q Avgv‡ì •bwZK
AatcZb| mvgvwRK PwiÎ MV‡bi ØvivB Zv †_‡K Avgiv RvwZ‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cvwi| †Kvb `j‡K hvPvB
Kivi gvb`ÐB GB †h, Zviv Zv‡ì †NvwlZ bxwZ KZLvwb ev¯Í‡e †g‡b P‡j|
gvIjvbv Bmjvnxi fvl‡Yi ci Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi bv‡q‡e KvB‡qg mvB‡q` gynv¤§` nv‡kg evwl©K wi‡cvU©
†ck K‡ib| G wi‡cv‡U© A‡bK g~jëvb Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cviv hvq| †ejv GMv‡ivUvq G Awa‡ekb mgvß nq|
wØZxq Awa‡ekbwUI wQj gy³ Awa‡ekb| G Awa‡ekb †hvni †_‡K Avmi ch©šÍ P‡j| GLv‡b cuvPwU
GjvKvi wi‡cvU© †ck Kiv nq- †h¸‡jv c~e© fviZxq wefv‡Mi AšÍfz©³ wQj| †m¸‡jv wQj kvnRvnvbcyi,
A‡hva¨v, Gjvnvev`, evsjv cÖ‡`k I wenvi| G wi‡cvU©¸‡jvi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq Ges m‡šÍvl cÖKvk Kiv
nq †h, wi‡cvU© c×wZ c~‡e©i Zzjbvq A‡bKUv DbœZ ai‡bi n‡q‡Q|
G Awa‡ek‡b RvgvqvZ ïfvKv•¶x‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q Zuviv †hb ïfvKv•¶x‡ì e„‡Ëi g‡a¨
Ave× _vKvB h‡_ó g‡b bv K‡ib| KviY Øxbx †L`g‡Zi cÖK…Z e„Ë wba©vwiZ nq iæKwbqv‡Zi Øviv|
ïfvKv•¶x I gyËv‡dKx‡bi (mg_©Ke„›`) R‡b¨ †h nvjKv ev BDwbU i‡q‡Q Zv Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi †Kvb
¯ vqx eë¯ v bq| G n‡”Q iæKb nIqvi cÖ¯‧wZi R‡b¨ mvgwqK Ae¯ vb †ÿÎ| Zv `xN©vwqZ nIqv †Kvbµ‡gB
DwPZ bq|
gvIjvbv Bmjvnx mnR mvwnZ¨ iPbv I eq¯‥‡ì wkÿv`v‡bi Dci we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i e‡jb,
eq¯‥‡ì g‡a¨ wkÿv we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡g Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM¨ e¨w³ cvIqv hv‡e Ges Zv‡iì‡K •ZixI Kiv
hv‡e| wZwb Bb&dvK dx mvexwjjøv‡ni (Avjøvni c‡_ e¨q) cÖwZI mK‡ji `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib Ges e‡jb †h,
Avw_©K Amyweavi R‡b¨ Kv‡R `ye©jZv †`Lv †`q| wenv‡ii `v½v-`yM©Z‡ì mvnvh¨ †K‡›`ªi wbg©vY KvR,
cvÄv‡e ÎvY KvR, †K‡›`ªi wkÿv cÖwZôvb cÖf…wZi R‡b¨ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| wZwb e‡jb, †h Kgx© Avjøvni c‡_
e¨q K‡i bv, †m wbdv‡Ki g‡a¨ wjß n‡q c‡o| Avgv‡ì G Øxbx Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ Ac‡ii Avw_©K mvnvhÏ
MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi| Avgiv G e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ †h, Avjøvn Zvqvjv ¯^qs G Kv‡R g`` Ki‡eb|
Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb wQj mvaviY mfv hv gvM‡ie ev` ïiæ nq| GLv‡b gvwjK bvmiæjøvn Lvb Avhxh fvlY
†`b| G‡Z mnmªvwaK †jvK †hvM`vb K‡ib| gvwjK mv‡ne e‡jb, gymjgvb‡ì Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q
wek¦mªóvi ûKzgvZ cÖwZôv A_©vr GKvg‡Z Øxb| wZwb KziAvb I nv`xm †_‡K Zvi hyw³-cÖgvYI †ck K‡ib|
wZwb BwZnv‡mi `„óvšÍ w`‡q e‡jb †h, hLbB †Kvb Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯ v Kv‡qg n‡q‡Q, ZLb `ywbqv GK
bZzb Rvbœv‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| G c‡_i cÖwZeÜKZvi K_vI wZwb e‡jb| cvw_©e ¯^v_© nvwm‡ji R‡b¨
`ywbqv`viMY †h ai‡bi Amyweavi m¤§yLxb nq Ges †h ai‡bi Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq Zvi D‡jøL K‡i wZwb
e‡jb, cÖ‡Z¨K D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZvi m„wó Aek¨B nq| wKš‧ n‡Ki †h cÖwZeÜKZv, Zv huviv
ei`vkZ K‡ib Z‡ì R‡b¨ `ywbqvi mv‡_ Av‡LivZ jv‡fi mvgMÖx n¯ÍMZ nq|
Zuvi fvl‡Yi ci G Awa‡ekb mgvß nq|
wØZxq w`b A_©vr 26†k GwcÖj †ivR kwbevi mKvj 8Uv †_‡K mvsMVwbK Awa‡ekb ïiæ nq| Kv‡Ri cÖPvi
I cÖmv‡ii R‡b¨ wewfbœ cÖ¯Íve-civgk© M„nxZ nq| G aviYv LÐb Kiv nq †h, Øxb Kv‡q‡gi R‡b¨ cÖwZwôZ
Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ mnvbyf‚wZi m¤úK©B h‡_ó- Zvi iæKb nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx Zuvi mfvcwZi fvl‡Y whK‡i Gjvnxi Dci we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib|
hvi †Kvb wfwË KziAvb I nv`x‡m †bB †mme †_‡K `~‡i _vKvi R‡b¨ Kgx©‡ì cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Dciš‧
wZwb e‡jb, whK‡ii mv‡_ wPšÍvfvebvI _vKv ìKvi| whKi ïay †g․wjK evPbfw½‡Z mxwgZ _vKv DwPZ
bq| KziAv‡bi Dci wPšÍv-fvebv G e¨vcv‡i m‡e©vrK…ó cš v| Zvnv¾y‡ì mgq G Kv‡Ri we‡kl mnvqK|
ZvhwKqv‡q bd‡mi (AvZ¥ïw×i) DrK…ó cš v GB †h, Avgiv †Lv`vi KvR Kwi, G R‡b¨ †Lv`vi ev›`v‡ì
Kv‡Q `vIqvZ wè Ges †Lv`vi c‡_ Pj‡ev| mwZ¨Kvi ZvhwKqv Gfv‡eB nq| Kg©c×wZ LvbKvnx bq|
Avgiv •`bw›`b Rxeb †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q †Kv_vI wbwiwewj e‡m ZvhwKqv Kwi bv| bexM‡Yi cš v GB wQj
†h, Zvuiv †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q `vIqvZ wb‡q nvwRi n‡Zb, Zv‡ì we‡ivwaZv ei`vkZ Ki‡Zb| G Awa‡ekb †ejv
GMv‡ivUvq †kl nq Ges cieZx© Awa‡ekb †hvni †_‡K Avmi ch©šÍ P‡j| G Awa‡ek‡b bZzb K‡i wKQz
GjvKv wPwýZ Kiv nq| BDwc cÖ‡`k‡K QqwU AÂ‡j wef³ Kiv nq|
lô I †kl Awa‡ekb wQj Rbmfv, hv mÜ¨v mvZUvq ïiæ nq| G mfvq RvgvqvZKgx© QvovI ïfvKv•¶x,
mvaviY gymjgvb Ges Agymjgvb‡ì `vIqvZ †`qv nq| Gi R‡b¨ msev`c‡Î weÁwß cÖKvwkZ nq hv‡Z
mK‡ji mvg‡b Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ †ck Kiv hvq| kn‡ii m¤£všÍ e¨w³MY‡KI mfvq †hvM`v‡bi `vIqvZ
†`qv nq|
mfvq wZb mnmªvwaK †jvK nvwRi nq| ÒRvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wK Pvq? †Kb Pvq? wKfv‡e Pvq? G wel‡qi
Dc‡i fvlY †`b gvIjvbv Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx| †kªvZvMY bxie wb¯Íä n‡q GK fveM¤¢xi cwi‡e‡k
g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i e³…Zv kªeY K‡i| gvIjvbv Bmjvnx ÒAvgi wej gvÕiƒd I bvnx Avwbj gybKviÓ-Gi
cÖwZ gymjgvbM‡Yi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i e‡jb, Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ `vb †_‡K gymjgvbM‡Yi Abxnv Øx‡bi
g~jbxwZ †_‡K m‡i coviB bvgvšÍi gvÎ| wZwb Agymjgvb‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i e‡jb, Avcbviv
gymjgvb‡ì weK…Z PwiÎ I AvPi‡Yi cÖwZ jÿ¨ bv K‡i im~‡j Kix‡g (mt) AvPiY I f‚wgKvi cÖwZ jÿ¨
Kiæb| gymjgvb‡ì Kvh©Kjv‡ci cwie‡Z© KziAv‡bi gnvb wkÿvi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Kiæb| Ac‡ii cÖwZ wR‡ì
ekeZx© n‡q m‡Zï mv‡_ cwiwPZ bv nIqv Kv‡iv R‡b¨B g½jKi bq|
G Rbmfvq kn‡ii m¤£všÍ e¨w³‡ì mv‡_ wgt MvÜxI †hvM`vb K‡ib| MvÜxRx †kªvZv wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb
K‡ib| G welqwU wb‡q Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM Df‡qB AccÖPv‡i wjß nq| msev`c‡Î G wb‡q Lye •n-•P
nq| Ks‡MÖm c‡ÿi Awf‡hvM GB †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi GKwU Aby‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvaviY mfvq †hvM`vb Zuvi
e¨w³Z¡‡K Lv‡Uv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz Zuv‡K †Kvb cÖKvi m¤â©bv Rvbv‡bv nqwb, Zvu‡K m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv nqwb,
mfvq wKQz ej‡Z †`qv nqwb, BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`| Aciw`‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi mfvq MvÜxRxi †hvM`vb‡K †K›`ª K‡i
gymwjg jxM gnj Ks‡MÖm I Rvgvqv‡Zi g‡a¨ GK †Mvcb †hvMm~Î Avwe®‥vi K‡i| RvZxqZvev`x `j¸‡jv G
e¨vcv‡i †h wbK…ó ai‡bi •bwZK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv G ai‡bi `j¸‡jvi c‡ÿB †kvfbxq|
cÖK…Z NUbv GB †h, wenv‡ii `v½v`yM©Z GjvKv †`Lvi R‡b¨ wgt MvÜx cvUbvq AvMgb K‡ib| Ab¨v‡bï
mv‡_ Zuv‡KI mfvq †hvM`v‡b Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡j wZwb †hvM`v‡bi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| Rvgvqv‡Zi D‡`¨v³vMY
kª×v mnKv‡i MvÜxRxi wbK‡U wb‡gœv³ PviwU kZ© †ck K‡ib|
0 mfvq Zuvi R‡b¨ wewkó †Kvb kª×v cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯ v _vK‡e bv| KviY, G ai‡bi we‡kl kª×v cÖ`k©b
Rvgvqv‡Zi bxwZi cwicš x|
0 mfvq Zuv‡K e³…Zvi †Kvb my‡hvM †`qv n‡e bv, Aek¨ cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡e|
0 Zuvi mv‡_ gwnjv AvMgb Ki‡j Zuviv gwnjv‡ì K¨v‡¤ú Avmb MÖnY Ki‡eb|
0 h_vmg‡q mfvi KvR ïiæ n‡e| Zuvi AvMg‡bi cÖZxÿvq mfvi KvR wej‡¤^ ïiæ Kiv n‡e bv|
wgt MvÜx kZ©¸‡jv †g‡b wb‡qB mfvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zuvi mv‡_ †h `yRb gwnjv AvMgb K‡ib, Zuv‡ì‡K
c`©v Kiv gwnjv K¨v‡¤ú em‡Z †`qv nq Ges MvÜxRx g‡Âi mvg‡b Ab¨v‡bï mv‡_ div‡ki Dci e‡m
c‡ob| e³…Zvi ci wZwb P‡j hvb| mfvi cwiPvjK MvRx Ave`yj RveŸvi gvIjvbv Bmjvnxi mv‡_
MvÜxRxi cwiPq Kwi‡q †`b| Bmjvnx mv‡ne ms‡ÿ‡c Zuvi Kv‡Q Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ †ck K‡ib| MvRx
Ave`yj RveŸvi Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZ¨ Aa¨qb Kivi Rb¨ MvÜxRxi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡j wZwb e‡jb †h, wZwb
w`jøx hv‡”Qb Ges Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡bi R‡b¨ mgq †ei Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb|
G NUbv‡K i‡Oi cÖ‡jc w`‡q Ab¨fv‡e msev`c‡Î cÖKvk Kiv nq| gymwjg jxM I Ks‡MÖm Df‡qB
RvgvqvZ‡K †jvK-†Pv‡L †nq Kivi †Póv K‡i e¨_© nq|
Gfv‡e cvUbvi HwZnvwmK Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb mgvß nq|
cvVvb‡KvU m‡¤§jb (9B I 10B †g, 1947 mvj)
DËi fvi‡Zi Kgx©‡ì wb‡q m‡¤§jb `viæj Bmjvg cvVvb‡Kv‡U© mvZPwjø‡ki 9B †g ïiæ nq| G wQj ALÐ
fvi‡Zi me©‡kl I me©e„nr m‡¤§jb| mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k, cvÄve, †ejywP¯Ívb Ges Kvk¥xi AÂ‡ji Kgx©MY G
m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| AskMÖnYKvixi msL¨v AvU kZvwaK wQj| Rbmfvq `ynvRv‡ii AwaK †jvK
†hvM`vb K‡ib, huv‡ì g‡a¨ wn›`y Ges wkL m¤úÖ`v‡qi †jvKI wQ‡jb|
`yw`‡b K‡qKwU Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq| G‡Z Rvgvqv‡Zi evwl©K wi‡cv‡U©i mv‡_ GjvKvwfwËK wi‡cvU©I †ck
Kiv nq|
G m‡¤§j‡b Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ gvIjvbv mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`x ÒfvOv I MovÓ kxl©K Zuvi HwZnvwmK
fvlY †ck K‡ib|
fvl‡Y wZwb RvwZmg~‡ni DÌvb-cZ‡bi eywbqv`x •bwZK g~jbxwZ eY©bv K‡ib| wZwb G K_v my¯úó K‡i †`b
†h, wek¦mªóv `ywbqvq ïay m„RbkxjZv I MVbg~jK Kvh©µgB fv‡jvev‡mb| †h RvwZ aŸsm I AatcZ‡bi
gyKvwejvq MVbg~jK Kvh©µ‡gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i, Zv‡K AeKvk `vb K‡ib| cÿvšÍ‡i hviv
Movi cwie‡Z© fvOvi KvR K‡i, Zv‡ì‡K `ywbqvi †bZ…Z¡ †_‡K AcmvwiZ Kiv nq| KviY, wek¦mªóvi
AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z `ywbqvi MVbg~jK KvRB Zuvi evÃbxq|
Zuvi fvlY †k‡l wKQz cÖ‡kœi Reve `vb K‡ib| AZtci `wÿY fvi‡Zi m‡¤§j‡b wZwb †hgb ¯^vaxb fvi‡Zi
R‡b¨ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Pvi `dv Kg©m~Px †ck K‡ib, †Zgwb m‡¤§j‡b wZwb fwel¨‡Zi ¯^vaxb cvwK¯Ív‡bi
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c„_K Kg©c×wZ wba©vwiZ Kivi cÖÁv I †hvM¨ZvI G †bZ…‡Z¡i wQj|
cvwK¯Ívb n‡q hvIqvi ci G cwiewZ©Z Kg©c×wZ‡K †KD †KD Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖv_wgK Kg©c×wZi cwicwš 
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Gi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| GUv wVK G ai‡bi hyw³ †h, †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb wkï eq¯‥ nIqvi
ci Zv‡K H ai‡bi †cvkvK I Lv`¨ cwi‡ek‡bi K_v e‡j hv Zvi •kkeKvjxb jvjb-cvj‡bi Dc‡hvMx
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Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ 10B †g Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ kxl©K †h e³…Zv K‡ib, Zv HwZnvwmK cUf‚wgi w`K
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Ki‡Z n‡e| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wKQz nvZ e`‡ji R‡b¨ gq`v‡b bv‡gwb, eiÂ G †MvUv eë¯ v‡K
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eë¯ vi weiæ‡× Avgv‡ì G hy× †NvlYv| Avgv‡ì G †NvlYv †KD ei`vk&ZI Ki‡e bv|
AZtci wZwb evwZj eë¯ vi wZbwU eywbqv` eY©bv K‡ib| Zvn‡jv, †mKzjvwiRg A_©vr ag©nxbZv,
b¨vkbvwjRg A_©vr RvwZc~Rv Ges †W‡gv‡µmx (MYZš¿) A_©vr RbM‡Yi mve©‡f․gZ¡| wZwb e‡jb-
ag©wbi‡cÿev` (Secularism) Øxb I `ywbqvi cv_©‡Kï Dci cÖwZwôZ hv Bmjvgx aviYvi cwicwš |
RvwZc~RvI †Lv`v-ciw¯Íi gyKvwejvq GKwU wkK©g~jK aviYv Ges Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi msKxY© †Muvovwgi Dci
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eë¯ vi cÖwZôv| ag©nxb MYZš¿ †g‡b †bqv‡K wZwb KziAvb †_‡K c„ô cÖ`k©b Kivi bvgvšÍi e‡jb| G
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weiæ‡× we‡`ªv‡ni cZvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi Aci bvg e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡ib|
wZwb Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq e‡jb †h, G K_v w¯ ixK…Z †h †`k wef³ n‡q hv‡e| GK Ask gymjgvb msL¨vMwi‡ôi
nv‡Z †mvc`© Kiv n‡e Ges wØZxq Ask wn›`y msL¨vMwi‡ôi nv‡Z| gymwjg msL¨vMwiô As‡k Avgiv †Póv
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kvmbZ‡š¿i Aax‡b GKwU ag©nxb MYZvwš¿K ivóª cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e Avgv‡ì ZvInx‡ì
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Kiv hvq, Zv Ah_v euvKv AvOzj w`‡q †U‡b †ei Kivi R‡b¨ kwiqZ †Kvb wb‡`©k †`qwb| Avgv‡ì K_v GB
†h, RbgZ hw` Avgv‡ì AbyK‚j n‡q hvq Ges `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi gva¨‡g †`kevmxi g‡a¨ Bmjvgx
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cwieZ©‡bi †PóvPwiÎ G‡Kev‡i kwiqZ m¤§Z|
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PwiÎ MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi wPšÍvavivi RÄvj cwi®‥vi K‡i Bmjvgx Rxeb weav‡bi ivRc_
my¯úó K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| wØZxq ¯Íi n‡jv Zvbhxg I Ziweq‡Zi, hvi gva¨‡g Ggb GKwU evwnbx ev Uxg
•Zix n‡e, hviv Bmjvgx kvmb cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡e| Z…Zxq ¯Í‡i mgv‡Ri mvaviY ms¯‥vi-
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n‡Z _v‡K Ges Zviv †hb Zv‡ì MYZvwš¿K Kg©KvÐ Bmjv‡gi `vex Abyhvqx mgvav Ki‡Z cv‡i| PZz_© ¯Íi
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ivR‣bwZK I •bwZK w`K w`‡q cvjb K‡i|
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Ki‡e bv|
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cv‡ib, wZwbB †bZv mvR‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‧ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx jvMvgnxb e³…Zv Kiv‡K Zvi bxwZ-weiæ× g‡b
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cÖkœgvjv
1| Avcwb wK e³…Zvi gva¨‡g mwVKfv‡e Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
2| Avcbvi wK G‡ZvUzKz •bwZK mvnm i‡q‡Q †h, Rbmgv‡e‡k e³…ZvKv‡j hw` Avcbv‡K †Kvb cÖkœ
Kiv nq hvi Reve w`‡Z Avcwb cv‡ib bv, Zvn‡j Avcwb Kx wbtms‡Kv‡P e‡j †`‡eb †h, Avcwb Reve
w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv?
3| Avcwb e³…Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q g~j welqe¯‧ †_‡K m‡i hv‡eb bv †Zv?
4| Avcbvi g‡a¨ G‡Zv mnbkxjZv wK Av‡Q †h, hw` Avcbvi cÖwZ D‡ËRbvKi gšÍe¨ I Mvjg›` Kiv nq,
Zvn‡j Avcwb wb‡R‡K mshZ ivL‡Z cvi‡eb?
G cÖkœ¸‡jv ïay e³v‡ì‡KB Kiv n‡Zv bv, eiÂ Ab¨vb¨ iæKb‡ì‡KI Kiv n‡Zv †h, Zuv‡ì Ávb I
AwfÁZvq e³…Zvi R‡b¨ Awfjvlx e¨w³MY K‡ZvLvwb gv‡b †c․u‡Q‡Qb|
e³…Zvi G gvb wbY©q Kiv †_‡K GUvB cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wbqg-k„•Ljvi w`K w`‡q KZUv
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Avg‡ji cÖwkÿY w`Z hv‡Z K‡i Bmjvgx kvmb Kv‡q‡gi R‡b¨ Ggb GKwU evwnbx •Zix n‡Z cv‡i hvi
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†jv‡Ki Ggb GK myk„•Lj evwnbx hw` •Zix nq, hviv Bmjvg‡K Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ jÿ¨ evwb‡q
wb‡q‡Q, Zvn‡j AvMvgx w`‡bi m~‡h©v`q †hgb wbwðZ, †Zgwb GUvI wbwðZ †h, †Kvb bv †Kvb GKw`b
mgv‡Ri †bZ…Z¡ Zv‡ìB nv‡Z Avm‡e BbkvAvjøvn|
GKv`k Aa¨vq
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb I Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx

cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡bi g~‡j wQj gymjgvb‡ì Cgvb I AvKx`vn-wek¦v‡mi †cÖiYv I `vex| Cgv‡bi `vexB
n‡jv GB †h, gymjgvb mKj `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨, cÖfzZ¡-KZ…©Z¡, AvBb-kvmb I †Mvjvgx cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i GKgvÎ
wek¦mªóv Avjøvn Zvqvjvi `vmZ¡-AvbyM‡Zï Rxeb hvcb Ki‡e| Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î GKgvÎ ZuviB AvBb-
kvmb †g‡b Pj‡e| gymjgvb I gvby‡li †Mvjvgx-G `ywU KL‡bv GKÎ n‡Z cv‡i bv| †m †Mvjvgx
ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK †nvK A_ev mvs¯‥…wZK I gvbwmK| G KL‡bv m¤¢e bq †h, gvby‡li †Kvb cÖKvi
†Mvjvgxi cwi‡e‡k gymjgvb Zvi Cgv‡bi `vex c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i| KviY, Bmjvg Zv‡K mKj cÖKvi
†Mvjvgx I AvbyM‡Zï k„•Lj †_‡K gy³ K‡i GKgvÎ †Lv`viB AbyMZ evwb‡q †`q| ZvB mwZ¨Kvi
gymjgv‡bi †gRvR cÖK…wZB GB nq †h, †m Zv¸Z Z_v †Lv`vwe‡ivax kw³i weiæ‡× me©kw³ w`‡q msMÖvg
Ki‡e Ges Zv DrLvZ K‡i Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î GKgvÎ Avjøvni AvbyMZ¨ I Zuvi †kl bexi (mt) †bZ…Z¡
cÖwZôv Ki‡e|
fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k mv‡o cuvPkÕ eQ‡ii gymwjg kvmb Avg‡j we‡kl K‡i gymwjg kvmKMY hw` Rxe‡bi
mKj †ÿ‡Î mwZ¨Kvi gymjgvbx Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb, Bmjvgx wkÿvi cÖPvi-cÖmvi I Bmjvgx PwiÎ MV‡bi
KvR Ki‡Zb, Zvn‡j fvi‡Zi BwZnvm Ab¨fv‡e iwPZ n‡Zv| e¨w³MZfv‡e `yÕGKRb kvmK gymjgvbx
Rxeb hvcb Ki‡jI †gvMj kvmb Avg‡j Bmjv‡gi mvaviYfv‡e Pig •bwZK weK…wZ N‡U|
mvaviYZ Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q G Dcgnv‡`‡ki †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl gymjgvb n‡qwQj| wKš‧ Bmjvg
MÖn‡Yi ci Bmjvgx wkÿv-`xÿv I Bmjvgx PwiÎ MV‡bi †Kvb eë¯ v Zv‡ì R‡b¨ Kiv nqwb| d‡j bI
gymwjg‡ì AwaKvskB H me gyk‡iKx I Rv‡njx img-†iIqv‡Ri cÖfve †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cv‡iwb, hv Bmjvg
MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© Zviv †g‡b Pj‡Zv| evBi †_‡K †h me gymjgvb G †`‡k G‡mwQj, Zv‡ì Ae¯ vI fviZxq
gymjgvb †_‡K †Zgb †ekx fv‡jv wQj bv| cvw_©e †fvM-wejv‡mi cÖwZ Zv‡ì wQj AwaK AvMÖn-Avmw³|
gymwjg kvmK‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wQj ïay †`k kvmb Kiv| Bmjv‡gi †Kvb †L`gZ Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi jÿ¨ wQj bv|
we‡kl K‡i ev`kvn AvKe‡ii †k‡li w`‡K ZuviB D‡`¨v‡M fviZf‚wg †_‡K Bmjvg‡K wbg~©j Kivi GK
Mfxi lohš¿ P‡jwQj| G loh‡š¿ BÜb hywM‡qwQ‡jb ïay Zuvi Agymwjg AgvZëM©B bq, KwZcq
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Kiv n‡qwQj| gymjgvbx bvg ivLv, LvZbv Kiv, Miæi †MvkZ LvIqv, `vwo ivLv, gymjgvb gvB‡qZ‡K Kei
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n‡jv| †kl K_v, gymwjg mgvR‡K †c․ËwjK mgv‡R cwiYZ Kivi mKj ivóªxq eë¯ v Kiv n‡jv|
gymjgvb‡ì‡K Bmjvg †_‡K ZIev K‡i G a‡g©i kc_ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡Zv| wKš‧ gRvi e¨vcvi GB †h,
fvi‡Zi msL¨vMwiô wn›`y RvwZ‡K Ges AvKe‡ii ìev‡ii wn›`y AgvZëM©‡K Lykx Kivi R‡b¨ †h bZzb
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wKš‧ AvKei Zuvi †MvUv ivóªxq kw³ w`‡qI KwíZ a‡g©i †Mvov cËb Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zvi KviY GB †h,
mvgwMÖKfv‡e gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi weK…wZ h‡ZvB N‡U _vK bv †Kb, Zv‡ì g‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i Bmjvgx
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bZzb a‡g©i weiæ‡× wRnv` †NvlYv K‡ib|
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nq| Z_vwc Bmjv‡gi weKí GK bZzb ag© cÖwZôvi ¯^cœ mva wPiZ‡i wbg~©j n‡q hvq| Rvnv½xi Ae‡k‡l
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kvn Ijx Djøvn †`njex (it)
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wek„•Ljvi ivRZ¡ PjwQj| Ggb hy‡M I cwi‡e‡k kvn IjxDjøvni g‡Zv gbxlxi Avwef©ve mwZ¨B we¯§qKi|
cÖ_gZ, gymjgvb‡ì wPšÍvavivq Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi †h RÄvj ¯—‚cxK…Z n‡q D‡VwQj, Zv wZwb KziAvb-nv`x‡mi
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eû g~jëvb MÖš  iPbv K‡ib Ges G m‡ei gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi bv‡g gymwjg mgv‡R h‡Zv cÖKvi †eÀv‡Zi
mgv‡ek N‡UwQj, Zv wZwb LÐb K‡ib Ges Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯ vi Ggb hyw³m½Z I mymvgÄm¨ Lmov †ck
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KvRwU me‡P‡q †ekx Av‡jvob m„wóKvix nq, Zvn‡jv GB †h, wZwb Rv‡njx ivóª I Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wPÎ
my¯úóiƒ‡c Rbmg‡ÿ †ck K‡ib Ges G welqwU‡K evi evi Ggb c×wZ‡Z Zz‡j a‡ib hvi d‡j
Cgvb`vi‡ì c‡ÿ Rv‡njx ivóª LZg K‡i Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ cÖ‡Póv bv Pvwj‡q wb‡ðó g‡b e‡m
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mvnv‡h¨ G wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|
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wPšÍvm¤úbœ †jvK‡ì GKwU weivU `j •Zix K‡ib| Zuvi Pvi my‡hvM¨ cyÎ, we‡kl K‡i kvn Ave`yj Avhxh
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Av‡›`vj‡bi `„k¨c‡U Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| mvB‡q` Avng` (it) 1786 L„óv‡ã †e‡ijx‡Z Ges kvn
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Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K fvi‡Zi g„ZcÖvq gymjgvb RvwZi g‡a¨ Zuviv †hfv‡e mk¯¿ wRnv‡ì cÖ¯‧wZ
MÖnY K‡ib Ges wb‡R‡ì mvsMVwbK †hvM¨Zvi cwiPq †`b Zv AZxe we¯§qKi| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂj
†_‡K Ggb wK evsjv‡`k †_‡KI nvRvi nvRvi gyRv‡n`xb Avjøvni c‡_ wRnv‡ì R‡b¨ Zuv‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ
nq| Zuv‡ì wmcvnx‡ì w`b KvU‡Zv †Nvovi wc‡V hy× †e‡k Ges ivZ KvU‡Zv Rvqbvgv‡h| Gfv‡e Zuviv `xN©
ev‡iv kZK c‡iI mvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi mxiv‡Zi bgybv †ck K‡ib| Zuviv GKwU ÿz`ª GjvKvq †LjvdZ Avjv
wgb&nvwRb& beyq¨vZ (beyqv‡Zi c×wZ‡Z †LjvdZ) Z_v GKwU mwZ¨Kvi Bmjvgx ivóª Kv‡qg K‡ib| wKš‧
KwZcq `ye©j Cgvb gymjgv‡bi wek¦vmNvZKZvi Kvi‡Y G ivóª †ekx w`b ¯ vqx n‡Z cv‡iwb| 1831 mv‡j
evjv‡KvU cÖvšÍ‡i ZrKvjxb Rv‡njx kw³Î‡qi weiæ‡× Bmjv‡gi cZvKvevnx‡ì †h i³v³ msNl© nq, Zv‡Z
eû gyRv‡n`xbmn mvB‡q` Avng` †e‡ijfx (it) I kvn BmgvCj (it) kvnv`vZ eiY K‡ib|
Zuv‡ì Av‡›`vjb evn¨Z e¨_© n‡jI Zv fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨ †i‡L wMqwQj GK `ye©vi Bmjvgx †PZbv
I Bmjvgx ivóª MV‡bi A`g¨ †cÖiYv, hvi ewntcÖKk 1858 mvj ch©šÍ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| ZLb e„wUk
Zv‡ì ivR‣bwZK kw³ fvi‡Z `„pZi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|
Gevi AZ¨vPvix I i³wccvmy e„wUk kvm‡Ki cÿ †_‡K gymjgvb‡ì weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi cvjv ïiæ
nq, hvi R‡b¨ Zviv fvi‡Zi wn›`y RvwZ‡K mnvqK kw³ wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bq|
Zvici cÖvq `yÕkÕ eQi hver G Dcgnv‡`‡k e„wUk I wn›`y‡ì •ØZ kvm‡b gymjgvbMY Pig Ryjyg-
wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq| hvi d‡j Zv‡ì‡K wb‡R‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿvi R‡b¨ cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z nq|
cvwK¯Ívb AR©‡bi c‡_ gvIjvbv gI`~`x cÖYxZ- Ògymjgvb AvIi gIRy`v wmqvmx KvkgKvkÓ Ges
Ògvmqvjv‡q KvIwgqvZÓ MÖš Øq weivU †L`gZ K‡i‡Q| GLb cÖk,œ G‡Zvme Kivi ciI gvIjvbv gI`~`x
gymwjg jx‡Mi mv‡_ wg‡j Av‡›`vjb K‡ibwb †Kb? Zvi GKgvÎ KviY wQj gymwjg jx‡Mi Kg©cš v|
gvIjvbv GKvwaKevi Gi we‡kølY Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb-
0 hw` Avgv‡ì jÿ¨ GKwU Bmjvgx ivóª MVb nq, Zvn‡j †m j‡ÿ¨ †c․uQvi R‡b¨ Avgv‡ì RvwZ‡K
•bwZK w`K w`‡qI •Zix K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Gi R‡b¨ wkÿv`xÿv, wPšÍvaviv, •bwZKZv, Zvnhxe-ZvgvÏyb,
ivRbxwZ cÖf…wZ mKj †ÿ‡ÎB Avgv‡ì‡K KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv Qvov G D‡Ïk¨ mdj nIqv e‡ovB
myKwVb|
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¯^v_© PwiZv_© Kivi R‡b¨B RvwZ‡K eënvi Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| d‡j MšÍe¨¯ vb jÿ¨Pz¨Z n‡e|
0 gymjgvb‡ì †g․wjK •ewkó¨ GB †h, Zviv GKwU Av`k©ev`x I m‡Zï w`‡K AvnŸvbKvix `j|
†Kvb g~‡j¨B †hb G •ewkó¨ cÖfvweZ n‡Z bv cv‡i|
`yt‡Li welq, gymwjg jxM KZ…©cÿ Gme K_vi †Kvb ¸iæZ¡ †`qv cÖ‡qvRb‡eva K‡iwb|
wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwUi cÿ †_‡K wjwLZ GK c‡Îi Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb-
ÒAvcbviv KL‡bv GK_v g‡b Ki‡eb bv †h, †Kvb cÖKvi gZv‣b‡Kï Kvi‡Y Avwg G Kv‡R AskMÖnY KiwQ
bv| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avgvi AÿgZv GB †h, Avwg eyS‡Z cviwQ bv †h, hw` AskMÖnY Kwi †Zv wKfv‡e Kie|
Aa© ev Am¤ú~Y© Dcvq-c×wZ Avgvi g‡b a‡i bv| wb‡Ri R‡b¨ GUvB m½Z g‡b Kwi †h, Avwg G e¨vcv‡i
mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Kivi cwie‡Z© GKRb Qv‡Îi g‡Zv †`L‡Z _vwK †h, cwiKíbvKvixMY G AvswkK
ms¯‥vi I MVbg~jK Kv‡Ri wK Dcvq wba©viY K‡ib Ges Kvh© m¤úv`bKvixMY Zv Kv‡h© cwiYZ K‡i wK
mydj cÖ`vb K‡ib| (ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb, RyjvB-A‡±vei 1944)
G wQj gymwjg jx‡Mi Kg©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbvi gZv‣bK¨| Zuvi G AwfgZ m¤ú‡K© wØgZ n‡Z cv‡i|
wKš‧ fwel¨‡Zi BwZnvm †jLK †eva nq G mZ¨‡K D‡cÿv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv †h, fviZ wefv‡Mi ci
cvwK¯Ív‡b Bmjvgx mgvR eë¯ vi c‡_ †h me cÖwZeÜKZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q, ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci wZb hyM
AZxZ nIqvi ciI cvwK¯Ívb †m ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î Bmjvgx iv‡óª cwiYZ bv n‡q ïay KvM‡R-Kj‡gB i‡q †M‡Q|
Dciš‧ G‡K mwZ¨Kvi Bmjvgx iv‡óª cwiYZ Kivi †PóvPwiÎ huviv K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì‡K †hfv‡e †Rj, duvmx
I bvbvwea AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡b wb‡®úvwlZ n‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges n‡”Q- G m‡ei fwel¨ØvYx wefvM c~e©Kv‡jB
gvIjvbvi cÖeÜvw`‡Z my¯úó n‡q D‡VwQj|
Z_vwc GK_v fzj‡j Pj‡e bv †h, gvIjvbv cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡b cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e AskMÖnY bv Ki‡jI †jLbxi
gva¨‡g Bmjvgx Rxeb weav‡bi my¯úó we‡kølY K‡i cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvB KiwQ‡jb|
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb PjvKv‡j Ks‡MÖmx wn›`y‡ì my‡i myi wgwj‡q wKQz RvZxqZvev`x gymjgvb Giƒc gšÍe¨
Ki‡Z jvM‡jv †h, fviZ‡K LÐ-weLÐ Kiv wK K‡i mn¨ Kiv hvq? Zvi Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb-
gymjgvb wn‡m‡e Avgvi Kv‡Q G cÖ‡kœi †Kvb ¸iæZ¡ †bB †h, fviZ ALÐ _vK‡e, bv `k L‡Ð wef³ n‡e|
mg¯Í c„w_ex GK †`k| gvbyl Zv‡K mnmª L‡Û wef³ K‡i‡Q| AvR ch©šÍ c„w_ex h‡Zv L‡Ð wef³ n‡q‡Q,
Zv hw` b¨vqm½Z n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z AviI wKQz L‡Û wef³ n‡jB ev ÿwZUv wK? G †è-cÖwZgv
LÐweLÐ n‡j gbtKó nq Zv‡ì, hviv Zv‡K †èZv g‡b K‡i| Avwg hw` GLv‡b GKeM© gvBjI Ggb
RvqMv cvB, †hLv‡b gvby‡li Dci †Lv`v e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv cÖfzZ¡-KZ…©Z¡ _vK‡e bv, Zvn‡j G mvgvb¨
f‚wgLÐ‡K Avwg mgMÖ fviZ †_‡K AwaKZi g~jëvb g‡b Ki‡ev|Õ (wmqvmx KvkgKvk, 3q LÐ)
†h mgq cvwK¯Ívb‡K BmivBjx‡ì `vexi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡jv ZLb Zvi cÖwZev` K‡i gvIjvbv e‡jb-
ÒAvgvi g‡Z cvwK¯Ívb `vexi mv‡_ Bû`x‡ì RvZxq Avevmf‚wgi `vexi †Kvb Zzjbv n‡Z cv‡i bv| wdwjw¯Íb
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Bû`x‡ì Avevmf‚wg bq| Bû`x‡ì G Ae¯ v bq †h, RvZxq Avevmf‚wg ¯îƒc Zv‡ì GKUv †`k
Av‡Q, hvi ¯^xK…wZi R‡b¨ Zviv †Póv Ki‡Q| eiÂ Zv‡ì mwZ¨Kvi cwRkb n‡”Q GB †h, GKwU †`‡k; hv
Zv‡ì RvZxq Avevmf‚wg †gv‡UB bq, A_P Zv‡ì `vex †h c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯ vb †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K †mLv‡b
GKwÎZ K‡i emev‡mi my‡hvM †`qv †nvK Ges ejc~e©K †m †`k‡K Zv‡ì RvZxq Avevmf‚wg evwb‡q †`qv
†nvK| cÿvšÍ‡i cvwK¯Ívb `vexi wfwË GB †h, †h me AÂ‡j gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô †m¸‡jv †Zv Zv‡ì
RvZxq Avevmf‚wg| gymjgvb‡ì e³e¨ GB †h, eZ©gvb MYZvwš¿K eë¯ vq fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji m‡½
GK n‡q _vKvi d‡j Zv‡ì RvZxq Avevmf‚wgi ivR‣bwZK mËv ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq e‡j Zv †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K iÿv
Kiv †nvK Ges ALÐ fvi‡Z GKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi cwie‡Z© wn›`y-fviZ I gymwjg-fviZ bv‡g `ywU ¯^vaxb ivóª
†nvK| Ab¨ K_vq gymjgvb‡ì G `vex bq †h, Zv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU RvZxq Avevmf‚wg m„wó Kiv †nvK| eiÂ
Zv‡ì e³e¨ GB †h, Zv‡ì †h RvZxq Avevmf‚wg eZ©gvb i‡q‡Q ¯^Zš¿fv‡e †mLv‡b GK ¯^vaxb ivóª Kv‡qg
Kivi AwaKvi Zv‡ì‡K †`qv †nvK| (ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb, RyjvB, A‡±vei, 1944)
gvIjvbvi e³e¨ K‡Zv hyw³c~Y© I my¯úó Ges cÖK…Z mZÏ ZvB| Ggb K_v Avi †KD, Ggb wK gymwjg
jx‡Mi cÿ †_‡KI †KD e‡j‡Qb wKbv Zv Avgv‡ì Rvbv †bB| Dciš‧ wn›`y I gymjgvb `ywU c„_K RvwZ-
†h wØRvwZ‡Z¡i wfwË‡ZB (Two Nation Theory) cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZôv G gZevÌ gvIjvbv gI`~`x AKvU¨
hyw³-cÖgvYmn cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbxi GKRvZxqZvev‡ì gZev` GKgvÎ
gvIjvbv gI`~`xB LÐb K‡ib| GK_v †KD wK A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb? gvIjvbvi Ògvmqvjv‡q
KvIwgqvZÓ (Bmjvg I RvZxqZvev`) MÖš Lvwb cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡bi R‡b¨ GK kw³kvjx nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e
eëüZ nq, hvi jÿvwaK msL¨v gymwjg jx‡Mi cÿ †_‡K Qvwc‡q mviv‡`‡k weZiY Kiv nq| †KD wK Zv
A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
BD, wc, cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi cÿ †_‡K Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †g․wjK bxwZ m¤^wjZ GKwU Lmov •Zix Kivi
R‡b¨ GKwU KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| KwgwU‡Z huviv wQ‡jb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QvZvixi bIqve gynv¤§`
BmgvCj Lvb, gvIjvbv mvB‡q` myjvqgvb b`fx, gvIjvbv mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`x, gvIjvbv mvB‡q`
Avhv` myenvbx, bIqve kvgmyj nvmvb we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| KwgwUi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb QvZvixi bIqve, huvi
Avgš¿Yµ‡g gvIjvbv gI`~`x 1941 mv‡ji Rvbyqvixi cÖ_g mßv‡n D³ KwgwUi •eV‡K †hvM`vb K‡ib, hv
jvL‡bvi `viæbœvÌqv‡Z AbywôZ nq|
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mg_©K wQ‡jb ZvB bq| eiÂ G Av‡›`vjb‡K mvwe©K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb, Gi MwZ‡eM ewa©Z K‡i‡Qb,
Av‡›`vjb we‡ivax Dw³ I mgv‡jvPbvi AKvU¨ hyw³c~Y© Reve w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡e wZwb gymwjg jx‡M †hvM`vb
K‡ibwb, Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| wewfbœ PwiÎ I gZv`‡k©i Ggb wK Bmjv‡gi wecixZ gZv`‡k©i †jv‡Ki wfo
Rwg‡q †h `j MwVZ nq, Zvi Øviv †mKz¨jvi ev ag©nxb ivóª MVb Pj‡Z cv‡i, Bmjvgx ivóª MVb wKQz‡ZB
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me fwel¨ØvYx K‡i‡Qb, Zv cvwK¯Ívb m„wói ci cÖwZwU Aÿ‡i Aÿ‡i cÖwZdwjZ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I gvIjvbv gI`~`xi bvg ïb‡j huv‡ì bvwkKv KzwÂZ nq, Avgvi g‡b nq Zuviv cvwK¯Ívb
cÖwZôv‡K g‡b-cÖv‡Y †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb, A_ev cvwK¯Ív‡b Bmjvgx mgvR eë¯ vi wPšÍvq Zuv‡ì myLwb`ªv
f½ nq Ges g‡b fxwZi mÂvi nq|
Øv`k Aa¨vq
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨ †g․wjK cv_©K¨

GKwU AatcwZZ gymwjg D¤§vn-hv‡K KziAv‡bi fvlvq DrK…ó I Kj¨vYagx© D¤§vn ejv n‡q‡Q-Zvi cÖK…Z
iƒ‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi R‡b¨ gvIjvbv †h µwgK cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb Zv fvjfv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡j GKwU
Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb I gymwjg jx‡Mi Av‡›`vj‡b cv_©K¨ my¯úó n‡q DV‡e| cvVKe‡M©i AeMwZi R‡b¨ Ges
A‡b‡Ki fzj aviYv Ac‡bv`‡bi R‡b¨ Avgiv †m avivevwnK Av‡jvPbvi cybive„wË cÖ‡qvRbxq g‡b KiwQ|
Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cybt cÖwZôv
ÒAvgvi jÿ¨ Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cybt cÖwZôv| Avgv‡K µgvš^‡q Avgvi D‡Ï‡kï c‡_ AMÖmi n‡Z
n‡q‡Q| AZGe ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi cÖ_g Pvi eQi (1932-36) G †Póvq AwZevwnZ nq †h, gymjgvb‡ì
wewfbœ †kªYxi g‡a¨ †Mvgivnxi †h wPÎ dz‡U D‡VwQj Zv wPwýZ K‡i w`‡Z nq Ges Bmjvg †_‡K •`bw›`b †h
`~iZ¡ m„wó nw”Qj Zv iæL‡Z nq|
ÒG †Póv Ae¨vnZ wQj| Ggb mgq nVvr 1937 mv‡j G Avk¼v †`Lv w`j †h, fvi‡Zi gymjgvb H
†f․‡MvwjK RvZxqZvi Av‡›`vj‡bi wkKvi n‡q bv c‡o, hv cÖej SÅvi b¨vq †MvUv †`k‡K Av”Qbœ K‡i
†djwQj| .... AZGe G Avk¼v wbg~©j Kivi R‡b¨ Avwg Ôgymjgvb AvIi gIRy`v wmqvmx KvkgKvkÕ kxl©K
cÖeÜ avivevwnKfv‡e 1937 mv‡ji †k‡l Ges 1938 mv‡ji †k‡l †jwL-hv 1939 mv‡ji cÖvi‡¤¢ cÖKvk
jvf K‡i| G me wbe‡Ü Avgvi jÿ¨ wQj GB †h, gymjgvb †hb AšÍZ c‡ÿ Zv‡ì gymjgvwb‡Z¡i wbgœ¯Í‡i
†b‡g bv hvq Ges wb‡Ri ¯^vZš¿¨ I ¯^KxqZv nvwi‡q bv †d‡j| G R‡b¨ Avwg Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Bmjvgx
RvZxqZvi Abyf‚wZ RvMÖZ Kivi †Póv Kwi| Zv‡ì‡K †mB MYZvwš¿K ag©nxb kvmb eë¯ vi AwbóKvwiZv
m¤ú‡K© mZK© K‡i w`B hv GKRvZxqZvi aviYvi wfwË‡Z fvi‡Z cÖwZwôZ Kiv nw”Qj| †mB mv‡_ Hme
ÒAvBbvbyM iÿvKeP Ges †g․wjK AwaKviÓ -Gi Zvrch©I e¨vL¨v Kwi hvi Dci Av¯ v †cvlY K‡i
gymjgvbMY H fqven MYZvwš¿K msweav‡bi Rv‡j Ave× nIqvi R‡b¨ AvMÖn cÖKvk KiwQj| G K_v my¯úó
†h, †h e¨w³B GLv‡b Bmjvg‡K mgybœZ †`L‡Z Pvq, †m Aek¨B G aviYv †cvlY Ki‡e †h, Zvi wbK‡U c~e©
†_‡KB †h cyuwR gIRy` Av‡Q Zv †hb bó n‡q bv hvq| Zvici †m AwZwi³ cyuwR jvf Kivi †Póv Ki‡e|
hviv cÖ_g †_‡K Kv‡jgv ÔjvBjvnv BjøvjøvnÕ-†Z wek¦vmx Ges wb‡R‡ì‡K gymjgvb e‡j, Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K©B
Avgv‡ì cÖ_‡g wPšÍv Kiv ìKvi| Zviv †hb webó n‡q bv hvq| G R‡b¨ Avwg Avgvi me©kw³ wb‡qvM Kwi
hv‡Z gymjgvb‡ì‡K Agymwjg RvZxqZvi g‡a¨ GKvKvi n‡q hvIqv †_‡K iÿv Kiv hvq Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨
G Abyf‚wZi m„wó Kiv hvq †h, Zviv GKwU ¯ vqx RvZxqZvi aviK-evnK| Zv‡ì R‡b¨ G wKQz‡ZB m¤¢e bq
†h, Zviv Ab¨ RvwZi g‡a¨ wejxb n‡q hv‡e|Ó
hLb 1939 mvj ch©šÍ gymwjg RvwZ gymwjg jxM msMV‡b Ges Kv‡q‡` Avh‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKÎ n‡q †Mj,
ZLb gvIjvbv wjL‡jb-
ÒG KvR †h D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv n‡qwQj, Zv Avjøvni dh‡j weMZ `yÕwZb eQ‡i nvwmj n‡q‡Q| GLb Avi G
Avk¼v †bB †h, fvi‡Zi gymjgvb †Kvb †f․‡MvwjK RvZxqZvi g‡a¨ wb‡R‡ì‡K wejxb K‡i †`‡e A_ev
wb‡R‡ì‡K Ggb †Kvb MYZvwš¿K eë¯ vi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡i †dj‡e hv GKRvZxqZvi aviYvi wfwË‡Z MVb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó (D³ MÖš  c„t 6, 7)
wZwb AviI e‡jb-
ÒAvwg GLb †`LwQ †h, gymwjg RvwZ †Lv`vi dh‡j wn›`y RvwZi g‡a¨ GKvKvi n‡q hvIqv †_‡K †eu‡P
†M‡Q| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Avcb RvZxqZvi Abyf‚wZ G‡ZvUv gReyZ n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb †bniæ Ges MvÜxi mva¨ †bB
†h, Zv‡ì‡K wn›`y Ges fviZxq RvZxqZvi g‡a¨ GKxf‚Z K‡i †dj‡e|
ÒG hv wKQz n‡q‡Q Zv †Kvb gvbexq †Póvi d‡j nqwb, eiÂ wbQK Avjøvni †g‡ievbx‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi
AbyMÖ‡n Ggb wewfbœ Kvh©KviY m„wó n‡q‡Q hvi Øviv gymjgvb G fqven cwiYvg †_‡K euvPvi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‧Z
n‡qwQj| G e¨vcv‡i †h me †jv‡Ki Kg‡ekx †L`gZ Kivi †Z․wdK wZwb `vb K‡ib, Zvi R‡b¨ Zv‡ì Me©
Kivi wKQz †bB, eiÂ Zuvi ïKwiqv Av`vq Kiv DwPZ|Ó (D³ MÖš , c„t 7)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ
G ¯Íi AwZµvšÍ nIqvi ci Avgvi g‡b G cÖkœ Rv‡M †h, gymjgvb‡ì‡K wK G cwiYwZi Dci wbwðZ
_vK‡Z †Ìqv DwPZ, bv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AwaKZi D‡`¨vM m„wó K‡i Bmjv‡gi g~j j‡ÿï w`‡K †V‡j †Ìqvi
†Póv Kiv DwPZ| ....
ÒG cÖkœ g‡bi g‡a¨ D`q nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B gb e‡j †d‡j †h, cÖ_g K_vwU fzj Ges wØZxqwUB mwVK|
A_ev hw` wØZxq †Kvb KviY m„wó bv n‡Zv, Z_vwc Avgv‡K †m KvR Ki‡Z n‡Zv hv Avwg K‡iwQ| wKš‧
`yf©vMëkZ, †mB mv‡_ Ggb `ywU KviY m„wó n‡jv, hv Avgv‡K eva¨ K‡i Ges Avwg m‡½ m‡½B Hme cÖeÜ
†jLv ïiæ Kwi hv Ôwmqvmx KvkgKvkÕ Z…Zxq LÐ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|
gymwjg RvZxqZvi Av‡›`vjb
ÒcÖ_g KviY GB wQj †h, G beZi gymwjg RvZxqZvi Av‡›`vj‡b gymwjg Rbmvavi‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ Ggb
GK`j †jv‡Ki nv‡Z P‡j hvq huviv wQ‡jb Øxb m¤ú‡K© AÁ Ges wbQK RvZxqZvev‡ì †cÖiYvq Avcb
RvwZi cvw_©K ¯^v‡_©i R‡b¨ KvR KiwQ‡jb| Øxb m¤ú‡K© Ávb iv‡Lb Ggb †jv‡Ki cwigvY G‡Zv bMY¨
†hgb AvUvi g‡a¨ jeY n‡q _v‡K| †bZ…Z¡ `v‡b Zuv‡ì †KvbB AwaKvi †bB....| fvi‡Z BwZc~‡e©
Rbmvavi‡Yi Av¯ v Av‡jg mgv‡Ri Dci †_‡K I‡V wM‡q KL‡bv AØxb`vi Ges Øxb m¤ú‡K© AÁ †jv‡Ki
Dci ¯ vwcZ nqwb| Avgvi wbK‡U G Ae¯ v †f․‡MvwjK RvZxqZvi Av‡›`vjb †_‡K Kg Avk¼vRbK bq|Ó
(D³ MÖš , c„t 8)
ÒwØZxq KviY GB wQj †h, Avwg G Av‡›`vj‡b Øxbx cÖeYZv A‡cÿv RvZxq cÖeYZv AwaKZi mwµq †`L‡Z
†c‡qwQ.... GgbwK GKRb L¨vZbvgv †bZv‡K G wel‡q Awf‡hvM Ki‡Z ï‡bwQ †h, †ev¤^vB Ges †KvjKvZvi
abevb e¨w³MY A¨vs‡jv-BwÛqvb eviv½bvi wbK‡U hvq| A_P gymjgvb eviv½bv Zv‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvi
AwaK nK`vi| G Pig mxgvq †c․u‡Q hvIqvi ci G gymwjg RvZxqZvev` ev RvwZc~Rvi cÖwZ D`viZv
cÖ`k©b Avgvi wbK‡U weivU †Mvbvni KvR| .... Avgiv wK †Lv`vi cÖwZ Cgvb iv‡L Ggb ev›`vn‡ì‡K
†Lv`vi cwie‡Z© Ab¨ Kv‡iv cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨ HKë× †`L‡Z _vK‡ev Ges wKQz ej‡ev bv? (D³ MÖš , c„t
178)
ÒG wQj `ywU KviY hv Avgv‡K G cÖeÜ¸‡jv (gymjgvb AvIi gIRy`v wmqvmx KvkgKvk 3q LÐ) wjL‡Z
DØy× K‡i| Avwg G cÖeÜ¸‡jv‡Z gymjgvb‡ì wewfbœ `j Ges †Kv_vI †Kv_vI Zv‡ì †bZv‡ì my¯úó
mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| wKš‧ †Lv`v mvÿx, †Kvb e¨w³ ev `‡ji cÖwZ Avgvi †Kvb e¨w³MZ kÎæZv †bB, Avwg
ïay n‡Ki eÜz Ges evwZ‡ji `ykgb| hv‡K Avwg mZ¨ g‡b K‡iwQ Zv mZ¨ nIqvi cÖgvYI †ck K‡iwQ Ges
hv‡K evwZj e‡j g‡b K‡iwQ Zvi evwZj nIqvi hyw³-cÖgvYI eqvb K‡iwQ|Ó (D³ MÖš , c„t 9)
Bmjvg Avgv‡ì jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨

gvbyl‡K †h cÖK…wZi Dci m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZvI †mB cÖK…wZiB GKUv w`K hv mgMÖ m„wó RMZ‡K cwi‡eób
K‡i i‡q‡Q| AZGe gvbe-cÖK…wZi AvBb-KvbybI m„wóRM‡Zi AvBb-Kvby‡bi g‡ZvB kvk¦Z, wek¦Rbxb Ges
wbi‡cÿ I mg`kx©| gvbe-cÖK…wZi G kvk¦Z, wek¦Rbxb I wbi‡cÿ AvB‡bi Aci bvgB n‡”Q Bmjvg| G
†Kvb RvZxqZvev`xi wPšÍvaviYv bq †h, mgMÖ `ywbqv‡K Avcb RvwZi ¯^v_© I myweavi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`L‡e|
G †Kvb †kªYxwfwËK †bZvi wPšÍvaviviI bq, †h mKj e¨vcv‡i GKwU †kªYxi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mewKQz †`‡L|
..... G †Kvb gvby‡li wPšÍv-M‡elYviI dj bq, G‡Zv iveŸyj Avjvgx‡bi †n`v‡qZ †_‡K M„nxZ| ... huvi
`„wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| wZwb gvbyl‡K gvbyl wn‡m‡eB †`‡Lb, bv fviZxq, Rvg©vb I BZvjxq wnmv‡e|
Avi bv kªwgK, K…lK, A_ev cyuwRcwZ wn‡m‡e| e¨w³eM© I RvwZmg~‡ni cÖwZ Zuvi †Kvb AvKl©Y †bB| Av‡Q
wbQK gvby‡li cÖwZ| .... (D³ MÖš , c„t 11, 12)
ÒwKš‧ hLb Avgiv ewj †h, Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q me©cÖ_g Avgv‡ì †`k‡K Ges Ae‡k‡l mgMÖ `ywbqv‡K
Ô`viæj Bmjv‡gÕ cwiYZ Kiv, ZLb †h Rv‡b bv Zvi g‡a¨ fzj aviYvi m„wó nq| ..... †m gymjgvb RvwZi
g‡a¨ Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q e‡j Ògymjgv‡bi kvmb ev ivóªÓ Zvi jÿ¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q|Ó (H, c„t 12)
ÒG fzj aviYv G R‡b¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q †h, Ô`viæj Bmjvg‡KÕ Ô`viæj gym‡jgx‡biÕ A‡_© MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ....
A_P hv Avgv‡ì jÿ¨ Zv gymjgvb‡ì kvmb ev ivóª bq| eiÂ Bmjvgx kvmb ev ivóª| G Bmjvg
Avgv‡ì A_ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv evc-`v`vi DËivwaKvi bq| Gi mv‡_ Kv‡iv †Kvb we‡kl m¤úK© †bB| †h Gi
g~jbxwZi Dci Cgvb Avb‡e Ges Z`byhvqx Avgj Ki‡e, †mB n‡e Bmjv‡gi cZvKvevnx| †m hw` es‡ki
w`K w`‡q Pvgvi A_ev †g_iI nq, Zvn‡j †m gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi †Ljvd‡Zi c‡`
mgvmxb n‡Z cvi‡e| †m hw` bvKKvUv nvekx †MvjvgI nq Zvn‡jI †m Avie I AvR‡gi m¤£všÍ e¨w³‡ì
†bZv n‡Z cvi‡e| (D³ MÖš , c„t 12-14)
gvIjvbv GKRb bIgymwjg
G ch©v‡q gvIjvbv Zuvi gb †_‡K †h hewbKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib Ges †h Ae¯ vi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡ib, Zv we‡kl
cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| wZwb e‡jb, Òhw` Bmjvg wbQK H a‡g©iB bvg n‡Zv hv GLb gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq,
Zvn‡j m¤¢eZ Avwg bvw¯ÍK I weagx© n‡q †hZvg| wKš‧ hv Avgv‡K bvw¯ÍKZvi c‡_ cv evo‡Z A_ev Ab¨
†Kvb mvgvwRK c_ I cš v Aej¤^b Kiv †_‡K weiZ †i‡L‡Q, Zv KziAvb cvK I mxiv‡Z gynv¤§`xi
Aa¨qb| G Avgv‡K gvby‡li cÖK…Z gh©v`v I g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© mRvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q| G ¯^vaxbZvi Ggb GK
aviYvi mv‡_ Avgv‡K cwiPwZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q hvi D”PZv ch©šÍ `ywbqvi h‡Zv e‡ov D`vi I wecøex aviYv-
gZev` †nvK bv †Kb, Zv †c․uQ‡Z cv‡iwb| (D³ MÖš , c„t 17-18)
ÒAZGe cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avwg GKRb bIymwjg| AZ¨šÍ hvPvB I cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i Avwg G gZev‡ì Dci
Cgvb G‡bwQ, hvi m¤ú‡K© Avgvi gbgw¯Í®‥ mvÿ¨ †`q †h, gvby‡li R‡b¨ mvdj¨ I DbœwZi G Qvov Avi
†Kvb c_ †bB|
ÒAvwg ïay Agymwjg‡ì‡KB bqg eiÂ gymjgvb‡ì‡KI Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ `vIqvZ w`w”Q... Avmyb, H
AZ¨vPvi-wbcxob LZg K‡i w`B, hv `ywbqvq Qwo‡q Av‡Q| gvby‡li Dci †_‡K gvby‡li †Lv`vqx wgwU‡q w`B
Ges KziAv‡bi bK&kvi Dc‡i GK bZzb `ywbqv •Zix Kwi, hvi g‡a¨ gvby‡li R‡b¨ gvbyl wn‡m‡e m¤§vb I
kª×v, ¯^vaxbZv I mvg¨, Bbmvd, `qv-ggZv cvIqv hv‡e|Ó (D³ MÖš , c„t 18)
gvIjvbv AviI e‡jb,
Ò`ywbqvq hLb †Kvb Av‡›`vjb †Kvb •bwZK, mvgvwRK A_ev ivR‣bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ ïiæ nq, ZLb Zvi w`‡K
ZvivB AMÖmi nq, hv‡ì gbgw¯Í‡®‥ †m Av‡›`vj‡bi D‡Ïk¨, jÿ¨ I g~jbxwZ Av‡e`b m„wó K‡i| hv‡ì
¯^fve-cÖK…wZ Zvi †ghvR-cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ iv‡L| hv‡ì gb mvÿ¨ †`q †h, G Av‡›`vjbB mwVK I
b¨vqm½Z Ges hviv g‡bi c~Y© AvMÖn mnKv‡i Zv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z Ges `ywbqvq Zv cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z AMÖmi
nq| Zvi e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ hviv Av‡m Zv‡ì‡K Avbv nq bv, eiÂ ¯^qs Av‡m| Zviv Zv‡K hvPvB K‡i, cixÿv-
wbixÿv K‡i, ey‡Smy‡S, c~Y© Abyf‚wZ Ges cwic~Y© msKí mnKv‡i Av‡m| Zvici hLb Av‡m, ZLb Zvi
D‡Ïk¨‡K Avcb D‡Ïk¨ g‡b K‡i KvR K‡i| Zvi R‡b¨ G Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv Kiv Zvi Rxe‡bi wgk‡b
cwiYZ nq|Ó (D³ MÖš , c„t 23)
ÒGUvB KviY †h, hviv †Kvb Av‡›`vj‡bi mZ¨Zvi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q Zv MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi Kvqv
cwieZ©b n‡q hvq| Zviv c~e© †_‡K G‡Kev‡i Abïƒc n‡q hvq| Zviv Zvi bxwZi LvwZ‡i eÜzZ¡ Ges i‡³i
m¤úK© ch©šÍ cwiZ¨vM K‡i| Zviv wb‡R‡ì eëmv-evwYR¨, wb‡R‡ì cwRkb, jvf I my‡hvM-myweav Ges
cÖwZwU wel‡q ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i| GgbwK Zviv Rxe‡bi `ytLKó I g„Zzï Avk¼v mn¨ Ki‡Z •Zix n‡q hvq|
G wecøe G‡ZvUv me©e¨vcx nq †h, Zv‡ì Af¨vm e`‡j hvq, Zv‡ì AvPvi-AvPi‡Y cwieZ©b m~wPZ nq|
GgbwK Zv‡ì †Pnviv-myiZ, †cvkvK-cwi”Q`, Lv`¨Lvbv Ges mvaviY Rxeb hvcb cÖYvjxi Dc‡i †m
Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖfve my¯úó n‡q hvq| Avkcv‡ki †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ Zv‡K Zv cÖwZwU AvPi‡Y c„_Kfv‡e wPb‡Z
cviv hvq| cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zv‡K †`‡L e‡j †`q, ÒH †h hv‡”Q AgyK Av‡›`vj‡bi mg_©K ev Kgx©|Ó (ZRy©gvbyj
KziAvb, b‡f¤î, 1939)
Av‡›`vj‡bi wØZxq hyM
Zvici GK wØZxq hyM ïiæ nq| hviv G Av‡›`vj‡b mswkøó nq, Zv‡ì G ¯^vfvweK evmbv nq †h, Zv‡ì
mšÍvbMYI H gZev‡`B M‡o DVzK hv‡K Zviv ¯^qs mZ¨ g‡b K‡i MÖnY K‡i‡Q| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv bZzb
eskai‡ì Dci wkÿv`xÿvi, cvwievwiK Rxeb Ges evB‡ii cwi‡ek †_‡K Ggb ai‡bi cÖfve we¯Ívi
Kivi †Póv K‡i hv‡Z Zv‡ì wPšÍvaviv-¯^fve, PwiÎ, Af¨vm I AvPvi-AvPiY-me wKQzB H gZev`, c_ I
cš vi cÖvYkw³ I Zvi g~jbxwZ Abyhvqx M‡o I‡V| G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì LvwbKUv mvdjÏ AwR©Z nq| wKš‧
GKUv cwigvY ch©šÍ nq| (H, c„t 25)
Av‡›`vjb‡K Zvi g~jbxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ ivLvi R‡b¨ `ywU cš v Aej¤^b Kiv nq| GK GB †h, hviv (mKj
†Póv m‡Ë¡I) AKg©Y¨ we‡ewPZ n‡e, Zv‡ì‡K RvgvqvZ †_‡K ewn®‥vi Kiv nq|
wØZxq GB †h, cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g Rvgvqv‡Zi g‡a¨ Hme bZzb bZzb †jvK fwZ© Kiv n‡Z _vK‡e hviv AvMÖn I
gb-gvbwmKZvi w`K w`‡q G Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj Ges hv‡ì g‡a¨ G Av‡›`vj‡bi bxwZ I
D‡Ïk¨ wVK †m fv‡eB Av‡e`b m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i †hgb cÖv_wgK Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡e`b m„wó K‡iwQj|
(H, c„t 26)
Av‡›`vj‡bi cZbhyM
AZtci hLb Rvgvqv‡Zi g‡a¨ Zvi bxwZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ iÿvKvix †jv‡Ki msL¨v Kg Ges mvgÄm¨
iÿvKvix bq Ggb †jv‡Ki msL¨v AwaK n‡q hvq, ZLb.... cÖ‡Z¨K bevMZ eskai c~e©eZx© eskai †_‡K
wbK…ó n‡Z _v‡K ...... †kl ch©šÍ GK mgq Ggb Av‡m, hLb RvgvqvZ LZg n‡q hvq..... wbQK GK
eskMZ I mvgvwRK RvZxqZv Zvi ¯ vb MÖnY K‡i| AZtci †h bvg cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q GKwU Av‡›`vj‡bi
cZvKvevnx‡ì R‡b¨ eënvi Kiv n‡Zv, Zv‡K Hme †jvK eënvi K‡i, hviv G Av‡›`vjb‡K bm¨vr K‡i
Ges Zvi cZvKv‡K AebwgZ I civf‚Z K‡i| (H, c„t 27)
Bmjv‡gi eZ©gvb Ae¯ v
ÒBmjvg eZ©gv‡b H †kl ¯Í‡i †c․u‡Q †M‡Q| Av‡›`vjb wejyß n‡q †M‡Q| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ we¯§„Z n‡q‡Q|
bxwZmg~n GK GKwU K‡i j•Nb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi bvg GLb wbQK GKwU eskMZ I mvgvwRK RvZxqZv
wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| Zv‡K Ggb Ae¯ v‡Z I wbwe©‡Nœ eënvi Kiv n‡”Q †hLv‡b Bmjv‡gi D‡Ïk¨
bm¨vr Kiv nq Ges †hLv‡b Bmjv‡gi ¯ ‡j Mv‡qi Bmjvg nq- (H, c„t 28)| G Ae¯ v‡Z AevK n‡eb bv
hw` GKwU •bwZK I mvgvwRK gZev` wn‡m‡e Bmjv‡gi Abykvm‡bi `vex ï‡b `ywbqv we`ªƒc Kiv ïiæ K‡i|
KviY, Bmjv‡gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡KvixMY ¯^qs Zvi gh©v`v‡K I Zvi `vex‡K wb‡Ri †cUc~Rvi †e`x‡Z DrmM©
K‡i‡Q| (H, c„t 33)
AZtci gvIjvbv LvKmvi Av‡›`vjb I gymwjg jxM msMV‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb †h, Bmjvgx ûKzgZ
Kv‡qg Kivi R‡b¨ gymjgvbMY Aaxi| Zvi cÖwZôv ch©šÍ c_wb‡`©kbvi R‡b¨ Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvb ai‡bi
†jvK Av‡Q Ges G Ae¯ vq wK Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb?
gvIjvbv e‡jb-
ÒKvR e¨w³MZ †nvK ev mvgwóK, Zvi †h †Kvb Ae¯ vq `ywU kZ© Awbevh©| cÖ_g kZ© AvZ¥cwiPq I AvZ¥-
Dcjwä Ges wØZxq kZ© n‡”Q wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi kw³ I B”Qvkw³| GKwU m½wZm¤úbœ RvgvqvZ Avgv‡ì g‡a¨
Ggb Av‡Q hv‡ì AvZ¥-Abyf‚wZB †bB| wØZxq Avi GKwU msMwZm¤úbœ `j Ggb hvi AvZ¥-Abyf‚wZ †Zv
Av‡Q, wKš‧ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ÿgZv I B”Qvkw³ †bB| wb‡R‡ì cwRkb‡K Zviv fv‡jv ev‡mb| wKš‧ Zuviv
Rv‡bb bv †h, gymjgvb nIqv †Kvb †Ljv-Zvgvkvi e¯‧ bq| †mB mv‡_ `vwq‡Z¡i GK weivU †evSv i‡q‡Q|
wKQz evav-wb‡laI Av‡Q| Z¨vM I Kzievbx Av‡Q| wRnv` I K‡Vvi cwikªg Av‡Q| G Ggb GK wgkb hvi
R‡b¨ †MvUv `ywbqvi weiæ‡× msMÖvg Ki‡Z nq Ges G msMÖv‡g †Lv`vi mš‧wó e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQz PvIqv bv-
Rv‡qh|Ó (H, c„t 41)
Dc‡i †h `yÕai‡bi `j ev †jv‡Ki D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i gvIjvbv e‡jb, gymjgvb‡ì
`j G `yÕai‡bi †jvK wb‡qB MwVZ| G R‡b¨ mvaviYZ †h mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ we¯Ívi
jvf Ki‡Q Zv Bmjvgx `„wó‡KvY †_‡K åvšÍ, Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ åvwšÍc~Y©| Zv‡ì Kg©cš vI ÎæwUc~Y©| Zv‡ì
†bZ…Z¡I åvwšÍc~Y© Ges Zv‡ì Ava¨vwZ¥K Ae¯ v ÎæwUc~Y©|Ó (H, c„t 42)
Bmjvg I Zvi `vex
gvIjvbv e‡jb- Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ hw` mwZ¨B Avcbvi gneŸZ _v‡K Ges cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avcwb gymjgvbB _vK‡Z
Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcbvi †R‡b ivLv DwPZ †h, Bmjvg Bû`xev` Ges wn›`y a‡g©i g‡Zv †Kvb eskMZ ag© bq, hv
eskvbyµwgK RvZxqZvi Rb¥ †`q| eiÂ Bmjvg n‡”Q †MvUv gvbe RvwZi R‡b¨ GKUv •bwZK I mvgvwRK
wewaweavb| GKwU wek¦Rbxb gZev`| GKwU wek¦Rbxb aviYv| †m Ggb GK RvgvqvZ MVb Ki‡Z Pvq, †h
G wewaweavb, G gZev` I G aviYv wb‡q AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡e| `ywbqvi mvg‡b Zvi ev¯Íe wPÎ †ck Ki‡e|
Zvici †h †h RvwZi †jvK Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z _vK‡e, Zv‡ì‡K D³ Rvgvqv‡Z kvwgj Ki‡Z _vK‡e| Ae‡k‡l
RvwZ¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ m„wóKvix cÖvPxi¸‡jv †f‡O Pzigvi n‡q hv‡e| Zvi wbK‡U ÒBmjvgxÓ ïay †mB
e¯‧, hv Zvi wewaweavb, gZev` I aviYvi Abyiƒc nq Ges hv Zvi wecixZ Zv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z †m A¯^xKvi
K‡i| (H, c„t 48)
Bmjvg GKwU wek¦Rbxb gZev` I Rxeb weavb nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zvi `vex n‡jv t
GK- †m wewfbœ `‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU `j n‡q _vK‡Z cÖ¯‧Z bq| eiÂ Zvi ¯^fve-cÖK„wZi `vexB GB †h, †mB
GKgvÎ `j.... AebwgZ nIqv Ges Av‡cvm Kiv (Compromise) Zvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq| †m ìKlvKwl
K‡i bv| weRqx n‡Z Pvq|
`yB- †m e¨w³ ev †kªYxi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mgm¨vi cÖwZ jÿ¨ K‡i bv| eiÂ mvwe©K I wek¦Rbxb `„wó‡KvY
†_‡K jÿ¨ K‡i| †m gvbyl m¤ú‡K© wPšÍvfvebv K‡i Ges H me mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z Pvq hv mvgwMÖK
fv‡e gvby‡li R‡b¨ mgvavb‡hvM¨|
wZb- Zvi mvg‡b mvgwqK A_ev AvÂwjK †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ †bB| eiÂ kvk¦Z I wek¦e¨vcx D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q|
Zvn‡jv GB †h, `ywbqvi †h Rxeb eë¯ v Zvi bxwZi cwicš x Zv‡K wbg~©j Ki‡Z Pvq Ges wbR¯^ bxwZ
Abyhvqx ¯ vqxfv‡e GKwU eë¯ v Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq|
Pvi- †m Ggb †Kvb msKxY© RvZxqZvi g‡a¨ Ave× n‡q _vK‡Z Pvq bv hv eskxq I HwZnvwmK ci¯úivMZ
cÖ_vi Dci cÖwZwôZ|
cuvP- †m esk ci¤úivµ‡g cÖvß we‡kl †Kvb RvwZi ms¯‥…wZ, HwZn¨ I img-†iIqv‡Ri g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K †eu‡a
ivL‡Z Pvq bv| eiÂ cÖwZ hy‡M wek¦ gvbe Zuvi eyw×e„wËK AbymÜvb I M‡elYvq †h mZ¨ (aviYv-gZev` bq)
Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q A_ev †Póvmvabv I Kg©Kv‡Ði Øviv †h mZ¨wbô mydj m„wó K‡i‡Q †mme‡K †m Zvi,
cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgwMÖK Ae¯ vi g‡a¨ ¯^xq bxwZ Abyhvqx Ggb fv‡e Awfwbweó K‡i †d‡j †h, †m¸‡jv H eë¯ vi
¯^vfvweK As‡k cwiYZ nq|
Qq- Zvi mvd‡jï R‡b¨ ïay GK_v cÖgvY KivB h‡_ó bq †h, †m ¯^qs mZ¨ Ges Zvi g‡a¨ gvby‡li Kj¨vY
i‡q‡Q| eiÂ Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wmw×i R‡b¨ GK_vi `vex K‡i †h, Zvi g~jbxwZ¸‡jv‡K GKUv wecøex
Av‡›`vj‡bi wfwË evbv‡Z n‡e| Zvi Dci hviv Cgvb iv‡L, Zv‡ì‡K G Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g GKUv gyRvwn`
`j wn‡m‡e ùvov‡Z n‡e Ges Ae‡k‡l GKwU iv‡óªi R‡b¨ †g․wjK AvBb n‡q co‡e| (D³ MÖš , c„t 49-
50)
GKwU Bmjvgx Rvgvqv‡Zi `vexmg~n
gvIjvbv fvi‡Zi mKj gymjgvb‡ì m‡¤^vab K‡i e‡jb t Òhw` Avcbviv Bmjvgx RvgvqvZe× n‡q KvR
Ki‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcbv‡ì‡K H RvZxq cwjwm cybwe©‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e hv Avcbviv jvjb K‡i P‡j‡Qb|
Zv‡K G‡Kev‡i cwinvi K‡i Bmjv‡gi `vex Abyhvqx cwjwm evbv‡Z n‡e| Avcbv‡ì gb †_‡K RvZxq
¯^v‡_©i aviYv †ei K‡i w`‡Z n‡e Ges Z`¯ ‡j Bmjvgx bxwZ I Zvi jÿ¨‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avcbv‡ì `„wó G D‡Ï‡kï cÖwZ wbe× Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Bmjvgx bxwZB `ywbqv‡K kvmb Ki‡e| G D‡Ï‡k¨
Avcbv‡ì‡K mviv `ywbqvi weiæ‡× jo‡Z n‡e|
Hme AKg©Y¨ †jvK‡ì‡K Avcbv‡ì †_‡K c„_K K‡i w`‡Z n‡e, hviv Avcbv‡ì bxwZ †g‡b P‡j bv|
Zvici mKj RvwZi ga¨ †_‡K †e‡Q Hme †bK †jvK‡ì‡K Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ kvwgj Ki‡Z n‡e, hviv
Avcbv‡ì bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡Z cÖ¯‧Z| Avcbv‡ì‡K myweavev`xi g‡bvfve cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcbv‡ì‡K
GKwU gyRvwn` `‡j cwiYZ n‡Z n‡e †h Avcb bxwZi R‡b¨ msMÖvgiZ n‡e| hvi D‡Ïk¨ ¯^xq RvZxq ivóª
(National state) Kv‡qg Kiv n‡e bv, eiÂ Av`wk©K ivóª (Ideological State) Kv‡qg Kiv n‡e|
(H, c„t 51)
ÒG Ae¯ vq Avcbviv GKwU wek¦kw³‡Z (world Power) cwiYZ n‡eb| Avcbviv `ywbqv‡K wb‡R‡ì R‡b¨
bq, m‡Zï g~jbxwZi R‡b¨ Rq Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb| Avi hw` mZ¨ mZ¨B Avcbv‡ì cÖvK…wZK bxwZ gvby‡li
g‡a¨ Av‡e`b m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges gvby‡li mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zv cv‡i, Zvn‡j
`ywbqv ¯^qs civf‚Z nIqvi R‡b¨ wb‡R‡K Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b †ck Ki‡e.... Bmjv‡gi bxwZi g‡a¨ wek¦e¨vcx
kvwšÍ wbwnZ Av‡Q| `ywbqv ¯^qs Zvi w`‡K AvK…ó n‡e| kZ© GB †h, Avcbviv wb‡R‡ì R‡b¨ bq, eiÂ
wb‡R‡ì bxwZi R‡b¨ †eu‡P _vK‡eb I g„ZzëiY Ki‡eb|Ó
hviv KvR Ki‡Z Pvq Zv‡ì R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mZK©Zv

GLb hviv Bmjvg‡K Rv‡b I ey‡S hv bex gynv¤§` (mt)-Gi Dci bvwhj n‡qwQj Ges hv‡ì gb G m¤ú‡K©
wbwðšÍ I wbwðZ †h, gvbeZvi Kj¨vY I †m․fvM¨ Zvi Abykvm‡bB n‡Z cv‡i Ges ïaygvÎ Bmjvgx bxwZi
Dc‡iB gvbexq ZvgvÏyb I mgv‡Ri GK mywePvic~Y© I fvimvg¨c~Y© eë¯ v Kv‡qg n‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡ì wKš‧
åvšÍ aviYv †_‡K gb cwi®‥vi K‡i †bqv DwPZ| (H, c„t 57)
ÒcÖ_g K_v GB †h, gymjgvb‡ì ¯^v‡_©i mv‡_ Bmjvg‡K GK‡Î euvav fzj n‡e| Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z G cÖ‡kœi
†KvbB ¸iæZ¡ †bB|
wØZxqZ, Bmjv‡gi mvdj¨ bv H me gymjgv‡bi msL¨vi Dci wbf©ikxj, hv Av`gïgvix‡Z wjwce× Kiv
n‡q‡Q, Avi bv Zv‡ì mvd‡jï c‡_ wn›`y Ges Ab¨vb¨ Agymwj‡gi msL¨vwaK¨ †Kvb weivU cÖw ZeÜKZv|
Z…ZxqZ, †Kvb Av‡›`vj‡bi mvdj¨ wbf©i G wel‡qi Dci K‡i bv †h, Zv‡ì mwZ¨Kvi Abymvix I f³‡ì
msL¨v kZKiv 60 A_ev 70 n‡Z n‡e| HwZnvwmK NUbvejx Ges eZ©gvb `ywbqvi AwfÁZv Avgv‡ì‡K
GK_v e‡j †h, GKwU gReyZ Ges myk„•Lj `j hvi m`m¨MY Avcb Av‡›`vj‡bi Dci c~ Y© wek¦vm iv‡L, Zvi
c‡_ Rvbgvj Kzievb Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K Ges `jxq k„•Ljv cy‡ivcywi †g‡b P‡j, †m `j ïaygvÎ Zvi wek¦vm
I k„•Ljvi kw³‡Z ÿgvZvmxb n‡Z cv‡i..... AZGe Bmjvg‡K kvmb ÿgZvq AwawôZ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖK…Z
gymjgvb‡ì weivU msL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb K‡i bv, AímsL¨KB h‡_ó nq| Z‡e kZ© GB †h, Bjg I Avg‡ji
w`K w`‡q Zv‡ì‡K gymjgvb n‡Z n‡e Ges †Lv`vi c‡_ Rvbgvj w`‡q wRnv` Ki‡Z •Zix n‡Z n‡e|Ó
gvIjvbv gymjgvb‡ì wewfbœ `j I Zv‡ì †bZ…e„‡›ì mgv‡jvPbv Kivi d‡j †m me `‡ji Abymvix‡ì
Amš‧ó nIqv ¯^vfvweK| Zv‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i gvIjvbv e‡jb- Zuv‡ì kvšÍ g‡b wPšÍvfvebv K‡i wm×všÍ
Kiv DwPZ †h, Zuviv Bmjv‡gi R‡b¨ Bmjv‡gi bxwZ Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z Pvb, bv wb‡R‡ì R‡b¨ wb‡R‡ì
bxwZ Abyhvqx| hw` cÖ_gwU nq, Zvn‡j †mvRvmywR Ggb cÖwZwU wRwbm cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e, hv Mv‡qi
Bmjvgx| (H, c„t 70)
gvIjvbv `ywbqvi Ae¯ v I Zvi Awbó-AbvPvi m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb- Ò`ywbqvi †hLv‡bB †h
AkvwšÍ-AbvPvi †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq Zvi g~j KviY GKwUB| Zvn‡jv, Avjøvn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv kvmb-KZ…©Z¡
†g‡b †bqv|Ó (H, c„t 84)
AZtci e‡jb-
ÒGK e¨w³ A‡bï †Lv`v n‡q hvK, A_ev A‡bï †Lv`vqx ¯^xKvi K‡i wbK, A_ev wb‡R wb‡Ri †Lv`v n‡q
hvK, G mKj Ae¯ v‡Z aŸsm I ÿwZi cÖK…Z KviY c~e©er i‡q hvq| ... A_©vr m„wóKZ©v n‡eb GKRb Ges
ûKzg-kvmb Pj‡e Ab¨ Kv‡ivÓ- (H, c„t 86-87)
Ògvbe Rxeb‡K cÖK…Z Kj¨vY I †m․fv‡Mï AwaKvix Ki‡Z n‡j G Qvov Avi wØZxq †Kvb Dcvq †bB †h,
Mvqiæjøvni ûKzg-kvmb G‡Kev‡i A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GKgvÎ ZuviB kvmb-KZ…©Z¡ †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e whwb
cÖK…Z kvmK| cÖwZwU H kvmb eë¯ v bvKP K‡i w`‡Z n‡e, hv gvbexq mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i åvšÍ `„wófw½i Dci
cÖwZwôZ| ïaygvÎ †mB kvmb eë¯ v ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b mve©‡f․gZ¡ ZuviB n‡e whwb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
mve©‡f․g ÿgZvi gvwjK A_©vr Avjøvn iveŸyj Avjvgxb| cÖwZwU H miKv‡ii kvmbvwaKvi gvb‡Z A¯^xKvi
Ki‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b gvbyl ¯^qs kvmK Ges Av‡`k-wb‡la Kivi `vex`vi| ïaygvÎ †m miKviB •ea g‡b
Ki‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b gvbyl cÖK…Z kvm‡Ki Aax‡b Ljxdv nIqvi gh©v`v ¯^xKvi Ki‡eÓ|
cvwK¯Ívb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wKiƒc nIqv DwPZ
gvIjvbv AZtci Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi mgv‡jvPbvi ci e‡jb,
ÒGKRb mwZ¨Kvi gymjgvb wn‡m‡e hLb Avwg `ywbqvi cÖwZ `„wó wb‡ÿc Kwi, ZLb Avb›` cÖKv‡ki †Kvb
KviY †`L‡Z cvBwb †h, Zzi‡¯‥i Dci ZzKx©MY, Biv‡bi Dci BivbxMY Ges AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Dci
AvdMvbMY kvmb Ki‡Qb| gymjgvb wn‡m‡e Avwg (Govt of the People, for the People by the
People) (RbM‡Yi miKvi, RbM‡Yi R‡b¨, RbM‡Yi Øviv) G gZev‡` wek¦vmx bB, hvi R‡b¨ Avwg
Avb›` Ki‡Z cvwi| Gi wecixZ Ôgvby‡li Dci Avjøvni kvmb †nvK A_ev mywePvi mn
G gZev‡` wek¦vmx|
gymjgvb wn‡m‡e G wel‡q Avgvi †Kvb AvKl©Y I AbyivM †bB †h, fvi‡Zi †hLv‡b gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô,
†mLv‡b Zv‡ì miKvi Kv‡qg †nvK| Avgvi wbKU †h cÖkœwU me‡P‡q AMÖvwaKvi‡hvM¨ Zvn‡jv GB †h,
Avcbv‡ì G ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bÕ kvmb eë¯ vi eywbqv` †Lv`vi mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i Dci ivLv n‡e, bv cvðv‡Zï
MYZvwš¿K eë¯ v Abyhvqx RbM‡Yi mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i Dci| hw` cÖ_g Ae¯ v nq, Zvn‡j wbwðZiƒ‡c G n‡e
ÒcvwK¯ÍvbÓ| bZzev wØZxq Ae¯ vq G †ZgbB Òbv-cvwK¯ÍvbÓ n‡e, †hgb †`‡ki H Ask n‡e †hLv‡b
Avcbv‡ì ¯‥xg Abyhvqx AgymjgvbMY kvmb Ki‡e| eiÂ †Lv`vi `„wó‡Z G (cvwK¯Ívb) Zvi †P‡qI AwaK
N„wYZ I Awfkß n‡e| KviY, GLv‡b wb‡R‡ì‡K gymjgvb e‡j †NvlYvKvixMY Ggb KvR Ki‡e, hv
AgymwjgMY Ki‡e| (H, c„t 92-93)
ALÐ fvi‡Zi cwRkb
gymjgvb wn‡m‡e Avgvi `„wó‡Z G cÖ‡kœi †KvbB ¸iæZ¡ †bB †h, fviZ GKwU †`k _vK‡e, bv `k L‡Ð wef³
n‡e| mg¯Í `ywbqv GKwU †`k| gvbyl Zv‡K nvRvi nvRvi L‡Ð wef³ K‡i‡Q| G mgq ch©šÍ †h wefw³
n‡q‡Q Zv hw` •ea n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z AviI wKQz L‡Ð wef³ n‡j Ggb wK ÿwZUv n‡e?
gymjgv‡bi †Zv Av‡jvP¨ welq GB †h, GLv‡b gvbyl Avjøvni Av‡`‡ki Kv‡Q gv_v bZ K‡i, bv gvby‡li
ûKz‡gi Kv‡Q.... hw` GLv‡b gvby‡li ûKz‡g gv_v bZ K‡i, Zvn‡j fviZ Rvnvbœv‡g hvK Ges Zvi
f‚wgc~RvixMY| Avgvi G‡Z wK Av‡m hvq †h, G GKwU †`k _vK‡e bv, nvRvi L‡Ð wef³ n‡e| G cÖwZgv
†f‡½ †M‡j AvZ©bv` Ki‡e Zviv, hviv G‡K gvey` g‡b K‡i c~Rv K‡i| Avwg hw` GLv‡b GK eM©gvBj
f‚LÐI Ggb jvf Kwi, †hLv‡b gvby‡li Dci †Lv`v e¨ZxZ Avi Kv‡iv kvmb-KZ…©Z¡ _vK‡e bv| Zvn‡j Avwg
†m mvgvb¨ f‚LÐ‡K mgMÖ fviZ †_‡K AwaKZi g~jëvb g‡b Ki‡ev| (H, c„t 94)
KziAvb wK e‡j
ÒKziAv‡b †`L‡Z cvB bexi c‡i bex Av‡mb Ges Zuviv GKB K_vi w`‡K Avcbvi RvwZ‡K `vIqvZ †`b|
Zvn‡j
†n Avgvi RvwZ! Avjøvni `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨ Aej¤^b Ki| wZwb e¨ZxZ †Zvgv‡ì Avi †Kvb kvmK †bB|
ÒBmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K †bZv cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡k I cÖ‡Z¨K hy‡M mKj mvgwqK I AvÂwjK mgm¨v D‡cÿv
K‡i G GKwU mgm¨v‡KB AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb Ges Gi Dci mKj kw³ wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb.... Zviv GB GKwU
mgvav‡bi DciB Rxe‡bi mKj mgm¨vi mgvavb wbwnZ Av‡Q e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb|Ó (H, c„t 97)
Avgv‡ì m¤úK©
GKwU gymwjg RvgvqvZ wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì m¤úK© H Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ hvi jxWvi Avw¤^qv Avjvqwngymmvjvg
wQ‡jb| Bmjv‡gi wPšÍv‡PZbvi eë¯ v Ges Zvi Kg©cš v ZvB, hv Avgiv cvB Avw¤^qv Avjvqwngymmvjv‡gi
mxiv‡Z| Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ ZvB, hv wQj bexM‡Yi Ges H gbwhj ch©šÍ †c․uQvi iv¯ÍvI ZvB, †h c‡_
cÖ‡Z¨K hy‡M P‡j‡Qb Avjøvni bexMY| Avgv‡ì‡K Rxe‡bi mKj e¨vcvi I wµqvKg© †m `„wó‡Z †`L‡Z
n‡e, †h `„wó‡Z Zuviv †`‡LwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì mvgwMÖK mvgvwRK cwjwm wVK H aviv-cÖYvjxi DciB Kv‡qg
nIqv DwPZ, hvi Dc‡i Zuviv Kv‡qg K‡iwQ‡jb| G c_ I cš v cwiZ¨vM K‡i hw` Avgiv Ab¨ †Kvb c_ I
gZev` Ges Kg©c×wZ Aej¤^b Kwi, Zvn‡j Avgiv c_åó n‡q co‡ev| (H, c„t 98)
Avgv‡ì c`-gh©v`v
ÒAvgv‡ì c`-gh©v`v GB †h, Avgiv msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g mgMÖ `ywbqv †_‡K Mvqiæjøvni kvmb DrLvZ K‡i
†è Ges †Lv`vi ev›`vn‡ì Dci †Lv`v e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv kvmb-KZ…©‡Z¡i wPý ivL‡ev bv|Ó (H, c„t 98)
ÒAvgv‡ì mvg‡b †Zv GKwU gvÎ D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q Ges Zvn‡jv GB †h, Avjøvni ev›`vn Avjøvn e¨ZxZ Avi
†Kvb kw³ I mËv Øviv kvwmZ n‡e bv| ev›`v‡ì ûKzg-kvmb LZg n‡q hv‡e Ges †m kvmb H mywePvic~Y©
bxwZi Dci Kv‡qg n‡e hv Avjøvn cvwV‡q‡Qb| .... G D‡Ïk¨ Avgiv mK‡ji mvg‡b †ck Ki‡ev| †h Zv
MÖnY Ki‡e, †m Avgv‡ì eÜz Ges †h Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡e Zvi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì msMÖvg Pj‡e- Zvi
kw³ h‡ZvB †nvK bv †Kb| (H, c„t 110-111)
EbPwjøk mv‡j hLb G mgv‡jvPbvg~jK cÖe‡Üi gva¨‡g gvIjvbv gI`~`x wn›`y RvZxqZvi ¯^vaxb fvi‡Zi
Ges gymwjg RvZxqZvi ¯^vaxb cvwK¯Ív‡bi `vexi mg‡q Bmjvgx jÿ¨ †ck KiwQ‡jb, ZLb G jÿ¨
we‡kølY Kivi cÖ‡qvRbI wQj| G j‡ÿï w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z wM‡q †h me cÖwZeÜKZv Abyf‚Z nw”Qj †m
m‡ei cÖwZKvi e‡j †`qvUvI Riæix wQj| G we‡kølYI cÖ‡qvRb wQj †h, Bmjvgx ûKzgZ Kv‡q‡gi ¯^ vfvweK
cš v wK| gvIjvbv gI`~`xi cÖeÜvw` †_‡K Zvi hyw³-cÖgvY ¯îƒc wKQz D×„wZ wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv-
cÖK…Z Bmjvgx jÿ¨
ÒcÖK…Z Bmjvgx jÿ¨ wK? Gi Reve KziAvb Gfv‡e w`‡q‡Q-
-wZwbB Avjøvn whwb Zuvi im~j gyn¤§` (mt)†K Ô‡n`v‡qZÕ I ÔØx‡b nKÕ mn cvwV‡q‡Qb hv‡Z wZwb †mB
Øxb‡K Ab¨vb¨ mKj Øx‡bi Dci weRqx K‡ib- Zv G KvR Agymwjg‡ì h‡ZvB AcÖxwZKi †nvK bv †KbÓ|
(H, c„t 114)
G Avqv‡Z Ôû`vÕ k‡ãi A_© `ywbqvq Rxeb hvcb Kivi mwVK cš v| .... G K_v Avjøvn Zuvi im~j‡K wkÿv
w`‡q cvwV‡q‡Qb| wØZxq wRwbm hv im~j (mt) wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb Zvn‡jv ÔØx‡b nK, ... Avi Øx‡b nK GB †h,
gvbyl Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li ¯^qs Avcb g‡bi Ges mg¯Í m„wóKy‡ji `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨ cwinvi K‡i GKgvÎ Avjøvn
Zvqvjvi ûKzg-kvmb †g‡b †b‡e Ges ZuviB `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e| AZGe Avjøvni im~j Zuvi †cÖiYKvixi
cÿ †_‡K Ggb GK ivóª eë¯ v wb‡q G‡m‡Qb, hv‡Z gvby‡li bv ¯^vqË kvm‡bi †Kvb my‡hvM Av‡Q, Avi bv
gvby‡li Dci gvby‡li ûKzg-kvmb Pvjvevi †Kvb AwaKvi Av‡Q| eiÂ kvmbKZ…©Z¡ ev mve©‡f․gZ¡ GKgvÎ
Avjøvn Zvqvjvi| (H, c„t 114-115)
ÒAZtci im~j cvVvevi D‡Ïk¨ GB ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb †mB AvbyMZ¨ eë¯ v‡K (Øxb) Ges mKj Rxeb
weavb‡K (Avjû`v) Ab¨vb¨ mKj cÖKvi Rxeb weav‡bi Dci Rqx Ki‡eb A_©vr mKj cÖKvi AvbyMZ¨
Avjøvn Zvqvjvi AvbyM‡Zï Aaxb n‡e| †m me wbqwš¿Z (Regulate) Ki‡e Avjøvn ZvqvjviB AvBb Ges
†m e„nËi AvbyMZ¨ Ges AvBb k„•Ljvi mxgv‡iLvi evB‡i Avi †Kvb AvbyM‡Zï Aw¯ÍZ¡B _vK‡e bv| (H,
c„t 115)
ÒG n‡”Q im~‡ji wgkb Ges im~j G wgkb c~Y© Kievi R‡b¨ Avw`ó, wkK©KvixMY h‡ZvB bvwkKv KzwÂZ
KiæK bv †Kb| wkK©Kvix Kviv? H me †jvK hviv, e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Avjøvni AvbyM‡Zï mv‡_
Ab¨vb¨ ¯ vbxq e¨w³mËvi (A_©vr †Lv`vi AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K wegyL) AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i| (H, c„t 116)
G j‡ÿ¨ †c․uQzevi †mvRvc_
ÒG j‡ÿï w`‡K AMÖmi nIqvi R‡b¨ mij mwVK c_ †mUvB hv Avjøvni im~j gynv¤§` (mt) Aej¤^b
K‡iwQ‡jb| A_©vr gvbyl‡K ÔAvj û`vÕ I ÔØx‡b n‡KiÕ w`‡K `vIqvZ w`‡Z n‡e| AZtci hviv Zv MÖnY
Ki‡e, `vmZ¡ I AvbyMZ¨ Avjøvni R‡b¨ GKwbô K‡i †`‡e Ges †Lv`vi AvBb‡K ¯^xq Rxe‡b AvB‡b cwiYZ
Ki‡e, Zv‡ì GKwU gReyZ `j MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici G `jwU Zvi h_vm¤¢e mKj •bwZK I •elwqK
Dcvq-Dcv`vbmn ÔØx‡b nKÕ Kv‡q‡gi R‡b¨ me©vZ¥K msMÖvg (wRnv‡` Kvexi) Ki‡e| Ae‡k‡l Ab¨vb¨
kw³eM© †hme kw³i Dci cÖwZwôZ, Zv meB P‚Y©-weP‚Y© n‡q hv‡e Ges †MvUv AvbyMZ¨ eë¯ vi Dci H
ÔAvj û`vÕ I ÔØx‡b nKÕ weRqx n‡e| (H, c„t 116-117)
Bmjv‡gi GB cÖK…Z j‡ÿ¨ †c․uQzevi mnR mij c_ cwinvi Ki‡Z wKQz †jvK G `„wófw½ Aej¤^b K‡i †h,
cÖ_‡g fviZ‡K e„wUk mvgªvRëv` †_‡K gy³ I ¯^vaxb Kiv †nvK| AZtci Bmjvgx jÿ¨ AR©‡bi R‡b¨
msMÖvg Kiv hv‡e| gvIjvbv gI`~`x G wPšÍvaviv huviv †cvlY K‡ib Zuv‡ì‡K cÖkœ K‡ib-
ÒAv‡gwiKv, Rvcvb, Rvg©vbx I Bsj¨v‡Ûi g‡Zv ¯^vaxb †`k¸wj‡Z ÔûKzg‡Z GjvwnqvÕ Kv‡qg Kiv wK Kg
KwVb, h‡ZvUv fvi‡Zi g‡Zv civaxb †`‡k KwVb g‡b n‡”Q? Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi bv †h, e„wUk kvm‡bi ¯ ‡j
fviZxq kvmb cÖwZôv †Kvb A‡_© ÔûKzg‡Z GjvwnqvÕ Kv‡q‡gi c‡_ wKQzUv AMÖmi| (H, c„t 125)
gymjgvb‡ì GKUv weivU msL¨vMwiô `j g‡b Ki‡Zv †h, †h MYZvwš¿K msweavb Abyhvqx Bs‡iR GLv‡b
ivóª MVb Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb cÖ_‡g †mB MYZvwš¿K msweavb Abyhvqx gymwjg msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z
gymjgvb‡ì wbR¯^ ivóª Kv‡qg †nvK, Zvici †Zv †Póv Kiv hv‡e G RvZxq ivóª‡K µgk Bmjvgx iv‡óª
iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi| gvIjvbv gI`~`x G ai‡bi `„wófw½ †cvlYKvix‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i e‡jb-
Ò†h ai‡bi gymwjg msL¨vMwiôZv cÖ¯ÍvweZ cvwK¯Í‡b i‡q‡Q, †Zgb eiÂ msL¨vi w`K w`‡q Zvi †P‡q
A‡bK AwaK msL¨vMwiôZv AvdMvwb¯Ívb, Bivb, BivK, Zzi¯‥ Ges wgm‡i we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| †mme †`‡k H
ai‡bi ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ i‡q‡Q †hgb, GLv‡b `vex Kiv n‡”Q| ILv‡b wK gymjgvb‡ì ¯^vqË kvwmZ ivóª †Kvb
cwigv‡YI ÒûKzg‡Z GjvwnqvÕ ev Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi mnvqK, A_ev mnvqK e‡j g‡b nq, mnvqK nIqv
†Zv `~‡ii K_v, Avwg wR‡Ám Kwi, Avcbviv wK †mLv‡b ûKzg‡Z Bjvwnqvi cÖPviYv Pvwj‡q duvmx A_ev
wbe©vmb `Ê A‡cÿv Kg kwšÍi Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡ib? (H, c„t 131)
ÒAek¨ G‡Z m‡›`n †bB †h, RbM‡Yi •bwZK I gvbwmK cÖwkÿY K‡i, Zv‡ì `„wófw½ cwieZ©b K‡i Ges
Zv‡ì gb¯Í‡Ë¡ cwieZ©b Avbqb K‡i GKwU MYZvwš¿K eë¯ v‡K GKwU Bmjvgx iv‡óª iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| wKš‧ cÖkœ GB †h, H ai‡bi •bwZK I gb¯ÍvwË¡K wecø‡ei R‡b¨ gymjgvb‡ì Kzdix ivóª wK †Kvbiƒc
mnvqK n‡e? Òhviv AatcwZZ mgv‡Ri •elwqK ¯^v‡_©i Av‡e`b K‡i ÿgZv n¯ÍMZ Ki‡e,Ó †mme †jv‡Ki
mv‡_ Avcbviv wK G Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, Zviv ivóªxq A_©, Zvi Dcvq-Dcv`vb Ges Zvi ÿgZv,
GLwZqvi Ggb Av‡›`vj‡bi mvnv‡h¨ e¨q Ki‡e hvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡e RbM‡Yi gvbwmKZvi cwieZ©b Kiv Ges
Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvgx iv‡óªi R‡b¨ •Zix Kiv? ..... mZ¨ K_v GB †h, Gme †jvK G wecø‡ei mvnvh¨ Kivi
cwie‡Z© D‡ëv Zvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e| Zviv Lye Rv‡b †h, RbM‡Yi gb-gvbwmKZvi hw` cwieZ©b nq, Zv
n‡j †m cwiewZ©Z mgv‡R Zv‡ì RvwiRywi Pj‡e bv|
Òïay ZvB bq, eiÂ Zvi †P‡q fqven mZ¨ GB †h, ïay bv‡gi gymjgvb nIqvi Kvi‡Y Gme †jvK
Kv‡di‡ì Zzjbvq AwaKZi ¯úa©v I wbfx©KZv mnKv‡i G ai‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡Póv P‚Y© K‡i †`‡e Ges Zv‡ì
Ab¨v‡q cÖkªq `v‡bi R‡b¨ h‡_ó n‡e|Ó (H, c„t 132)
`ywbqvi BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ huviv bRi iv‡Lb, Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q G K_v †Mvcb bq †h, gvIjvbv gI`~`x 1938 I
1939 mv‡j fviZxq ivRbxwZi †cÖÿvc‡U hv wKQz wj‡LwQ‡jb, Zv wQj Zuvi ivR‣bwZK AmvaviY
`~i`wk©Zvi dj| Zvici AvR ch©šÍ `ywbqvi AwaKvsk †`‡k Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ ¯^qs gymwjg
miKvi¸‡jv I Zv‡ì kvmKe„›` †m AvPiYB K‡i‡Qb| Zzi‡¯‥ b~imx Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZôvZv e`xDhhvgvb
b~imx Ges Zuvi Abymvix‡ì mv‡_ wgmi I Ab¨vb¨ Avie‡`k¸‡jv‡Z BLIqvbyj gym‡jgy‡bi cÖwZôvZv
nvmvbyj evbœv knx` I Zuvi Abymvix‡ì mv‡_, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Ô`viæj BmjvgÕ Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_, Biv‡b
AvqvZzjøvn Ly‡gbx I Zuvi m½x‡ì mv‡_ Ges ¯^qs cvwK¯Ív‡b gvIjvbv gI`~`x I Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi eû
Kgx©i mv‡_ Hme wKQzB eiÂ Zvi †_‡K A‡bK †ekx AZ¨vPvi-Drcxob Kiv n‡q‡Q, hvi Bw½Z ¯^qs
gvIjvbv eû c~‡e©B K‡iwQ‡jb|
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡bi †ÿÎ cÖ¯‧Z

Òe„wUk miKv‡ii gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ kÎæZvg~jK AvPiY, gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ wn›`y‡ì AZ¨vPvi, AwePvi Ges
Ebwesk kZvãx †_‡K wesk kZvãx ch©šÍ gymwjg †bZ…e„›` gymwjg RvwZ‡K RvMÖZ K‡i| BKev‡ji KweZv
AvZ¥cwiwPwZ m„wó K‡i Ges gvIjvbv gI`~`x m„wó K‡ib AvZ¥wek¦vm| Kv‡q‡` Avhg RvwZ‡K HKë× I
msMwVZ K‡i HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve ch©šÍ †c․uwQ‡q †`b|
Ae‡k‡l 1940 mv‡j jv‡nv‡ii wg›Uz cv‡K© AbywôZ gymwjg jxM m‡¤§j‡b †h HwZnvwmK cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ nq,
Zv cvwK¯Ívb cÖ¯Íve bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ nq|
gymwjg I Agymwjg‡ì mvg‡b Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ
cÖ_g KvR wn‡m‡e gvIjvbvi †m fvlY AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, hv wZwb Pwjø‡ki †g gv‡m Kvcyi_vjvq wn›`y-
gymjgvb I wkL‡ì GK mw¤§wjZ mgv‡e‡k `vb K‡ib, hv ÔkvwšÍ c_Õ bv‡g cy¯vÍ KvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| Zvi
wKQz D×„wZ wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv t
G hgxb I Avmgv‡bi weivU KviLvbv hv Avcbv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Pj‡Z †`L‡Qb, hvi g‡a¨ P›`ª -m~h© I
weivU weivU ZvKvivwR Nwoi KuvUvi g‡Zv Pj‡Q .... Gme m¤ú‡K© Avcbviv wK K‡i GK_v †g‡b wb‡Z
cv‡ib †h, Gme wKQz †Kvb m„óKZ©v e¨wZ‡i‡KB Avcbv-AvcwbB n‡q †M‡Q Ges †Kvb cwiPvjK e¨wZ‡i‡KB
Pj‡Q? Avcbviv KL‡bv wK GK_v wPšÍv K‡i †`L‡Qb †h, gv‡qi †c‡Ui g‡a¨ Aew¯ Z ÿz`ª d¨v±ix‡Z wKfv‡e
gvbyl •Zqvi nq? G‡Z ev‡ciI wKQz Kivi †bB, gv‡qiI †Kvb Kg©‡K․kj Kv‡R Av‡m bv| G d¨v±ix †_‡K
cÖwZw`b GB cš vq jÿ jÿ gvbyl •Zix n‡q †eiæ‡”Q| wKš‧ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki bgybv c„_K c„_K| AvKvi-AvK…wZ
c„_K, kw³ I †hvM¨Zv c„_K, ¯^fve-cÖK…wZ I wPšÍvaviv c„_K, PwiÎ I ¸Yvejx c„_K| GKB gv‡qi †cU
†_‡K Rb¥MÖnYKvix `yÕwU m‡nvì fvB‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb mv`„k¨ †bB| G Ggb GK A‡j․wKK e¨vcvi, hv
†`L‡j we‡eK ¯Íw¤¢Z n‡q hvq|Ó
ÒG mviv `ywbqvq Avcbviv †eu‡P i‡q‡Qb| G `ywbqvi eë¯ vcbv ïay G R‡b¨ Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q †h, G weivU
mvgªv‡Rï mKj wefvM¸‡jv ci¯úi wgwjZ n‡q KvR Ki‡Q|Ó
ÒAZGe e¨vcvi ïay G‡ZvUzKz bq †h, `ywbqv †Kvb wbg©vZv e¨ZxZ •Zix nqwb, eiÂ GUvI cÖK…Z NUbv †h,
Gme wKQz GKB Rb evwb‡q‡Qb.... eë¯ vcbvi myk„•Ljv cwi®‥vi GUvB cÖgvY K‡i †h, GLv‡b GKRb
e¨ZxZ Avi Kv‡iv nv‡Z kvmb-KZ…©‡Z¡i †Kvb GLwZqvi †bB|Ó
Òhw` wek¦mªóv I wek¦cÖfz e¨ZxZ †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv †Lv`v Ggb n‡Zv, hviv `ywbqvi Dci kvmb I KZ…©Z¡ ivL‡Zv
bv wKš‧ `ywbqvi †Kvb As‡kB hw` Zv‡ì wbR¯^ cÖK…Z kvmb Pvjvevi GLwZqvi _vK‡Zv, Zvn‡j G Avmgvb
I hgx‡bi mg¯Í KviLvbv jÐfÐ n‡q †h‡Zv|
ÒAvcbviv hw` wPšÍv K‡ib, Zvn‡j gb mvÿ¨ †`‡e †h, †Lv`vi G mvgªv‡R¨ †Kvb ev›`vni Avcb B”QvgZ
ûKzg kvmb Pvjvevi †Kvb AwaKviB †bB| GgbwU nIqv bv ïay cÖK…Z NUbviB cwicš x, bv ïay we‡eK-eyw×
I cÖK…wZi cwicš x, eiÂ cÖK…Z m‡ZïI cwicš x|Ó
gvby‡li aŸs‡mi cÖK…Z KviY
ÒAvR G cÖkœ Avcbv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki R‡b¨ Ges `ywbqvi mKj gvby‡li R‡b¨ GK weeªZKi RwUjZv m„wó K‡i
†i‡L‡Q †h, Ae‡k‡l Avgv‡ì gvbe Rxeb †_‡K kvwšÍ I wbivcËv D‡V †Mj †Kb? .... Gi mswÿß Reve
GB †h, gvbyl Zvi Rxeb‡K cÖK…Z m‡Zï wecixZ evwb‡q †i‡L‡Q| †m R‡b¨ Zv‡K `ytL-Kó †fvM Ki‡Z
n‡”Q Ges h‡ZvÿY bv †m Zvi Rxeb‡K cÖK…Z m‡Zï mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj K‡i‡Q, Zvi Rxe‡b myL-kvwšÍ I
wbivcËv Avm‡e bv Ges cÖK…Z mZ¨ GB †h, Avcbv‡ì‡K Avjøvn cq`v K‡i‡Qb| Avcbv‡ì‡K wZwb
jvwjZ-cvwjZ Ki‡Qb| Avcbv‡ì Ges mviv `ywbqvi Kg©KZ©v wZwb-G hgxb I Avmgvb meB Zuvi-m¤úwË
(Property)| Zuvi G m¤úwËi Dc‡i gwR© ZuviB Pj‡e Ges Pjv DwPZ| Avcbv‡ì GLv‡b Avcb gwR©
Pvjvevi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB- †hLv‡b †Lv`vi AvbyM‡Zï c‡ivqv bv K‡i gvbyl Zvi Avcb ûKzg Pvjvq Ges
Ab¨ gvbyl ûKzg †g‡b P‡j, †mLv‡b kvwšÍ I wbivcËv †bB, _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó
gvby‡li Kj¨vY wKfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i?
Ò‡f‡e †`Lyb, gvby‡li Kj¨vY I myL-mg„w× wKfv‡e jvf Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? Zvi Dcvq G Qvov Avi wKQz †bB
†h, gvbe Rxe‡bi R‡b¨ AvBb iPbv wZwbB Ki‡eb huvi †Pv‡L mKj gvbyl mgvb| mK‡ji AwaKvi
mywePvimn wZwb wba©vwiZ K‡i †`‡eb| Zuvi bv †Kvb ¯^v_© i‡q‡Q, Avi bv †Kvb cwievi, †kªYx, †Kvb †`k
A_ev †Kvb RvwZi ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZ Zuvi †Kvb we‡kl AvKl©Y -AbyivM i‡q‡Q| mK‡jiB Zuvi Av‡`k †g‡b
Pj‡Z n‡e| ïay G Ae¯ v‡ZB mywePvi Kv‡qg n‡Z cv‡i|Ó
gvIjvbv Zuvi fvl‡Y kvnx cwievi, eªvþY, cxi, my`x gnvRb Ges kvmK RvwZ¸‡jvi `„óvšÍ †ck K‡i e‡jb,
G‡ì g‡a¨ mywePvi bv †KD Kv‡qg K‡i, Avi bv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wZwb e‡jb t
ÒG R‡b¨ Avgiv hw` wb‡R‡ì g½j PvB, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì R‡b¨ G Qvov Avi †Kvb MZ¨šÍi †bB †h, Avgiv
†Lv`vi Dci Cgvb Avb‡ev, Zuvi kvmb-KZ…©‡Z¡i Kv‡Q wb‡R‡ì‡K AbyMZ cÖRvi g‡Zv †mvc`© K‡i †è
Ges G `„p cÖZ¨qmn `ywbqvq Rxeb hvcb Kie †h, wZwb Avgv‡ì †Mvcb-cÖKvk¨ cÖwZwU wµqvKg© †`L‡Qb
Ges GKw`b Zuvi Av`vj‡Z nvwRi n‡q †MvUv Rxe‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ði wnmve w`‡Z n‡e|Ó
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi Kg©cš v
G cÖm‡½ ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b Bmjv‡gi ivR‣bwZK gZev` kxl©K GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖeÜ †jLvi mv‡_ 1940
mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì AvaywbK wkwÿZ gn‡ji mœvqy‡K›`ª AvjxM‡o GK HwZnvwmK fvl‡Y
gvIjvbv e¨vL¨v K‡ib Bmjvgx ivóª wKfv‡e Kv‡qg nq| †m fvlY MÖš vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| gvIjvbv e‡jb t
iv‡óªi ¯^vfvweK µgweKvk

ivóª †h ai‡biB †nvK bv †Kb, Zv K…wÎg Dcv‡q MwVZ nq bv| Zv GKwU mgv‡Ri †fZ‡ii •bwZK,
gb¯ÍvwË¡K, ZvgvÏywbK I HwZnvwmK Kvh©Kvi‡Yi cÖwµqv †_‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf K‡i| †h
ai‡biB kvmb eë¯ v Kv‡qg Kiv CwáZ n‡j, Zvi †ghvR I cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx DcKiY m„wó Kiv Ges Zvi
Dc‡hvMx Kg©c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv Awbevh© n‡q c‡o| Zvi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb GB †h, †h ai‡bi Av‡›`vjb ïiæ
Ki‡Z n‡e, †m ai‡bi e¨w³-PwiÎ •Zix Ki‡Z n‡e| †m ai‡bi •bwZK ¯^fve •Zix Ki‡Z n‡e| †m ai‡bi
†bZ…Z¡, Z`byiƒc mvgvwRK I mvgwóK Kg©KvÐ n‡Z n‡e, hvi `vex G we‡kl ai‡bi kvmb eë¯ v K‡i|Ó
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi •ewkó¨
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AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|Ó
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`„wófw½ GB †h, †`k †h‡nZz †Lv`vi Zvi kvmKI GKgvÎ wZwbB| iv‡óªi mwVK iƒc GQvov Avi wKQz bq
†h, gvbyl †Lv`vi Ljxdv wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e|Ó
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ïiæ n‡e hvi wfwËB n‡e †mB Rxeb hvcb gZev`, †mB Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨, †mB PvwiwÎK gvb Ges AvPvi-
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ai‡bi gvbeZvi Quv‡P •Zix nIqvi R‡b¨ m`v cÖ¯‧Z| Zvici Zviv Avcb †PóvPwi‡Îi gva¨‡g mgv‡R H
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gymjgvb AvBb we‡klÁ, gymjgvb ivRbxwZwe`, †gvU K_v Ávb-weÁv‡bi cÖwZwU wefv‡M Ggb †jvK •Zix
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gb¯ÍvwË¡K Ges mf¨Zv-ms¯‥…wZi eywbqv`‡K kw³kvjx msMÖv‡g iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡e|Ó
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mKj Bjvn‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki Ges ïaygvÎ GK ÔBjvnÕ-Gi `vmZ¡-AvbyMZ¨ I e‡›`Mx Keyj Ki|Ó
bex cv‡Ki (mt) †m AvnŸv‡bi cÖwZwµqv
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n‡”Q| G R‡b¨ hvi hvi Dc‡i †h w`K w`‡q G AvnŸv‡bi AvNvZ c‡o Zviv G‡K `vwe‡q †`qvi Rb¨
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ci¯úi wee`gvb wQj Zviv I G bZzb Av‡›`vj‡bi weiæ‡× msMÖv‡gi Rb¨ HKë× nq| ïaygvÎ Hme †jvK
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jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv|Ó
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cÖwZ AvK…ó nw”Qj|Ó
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wnRi‡Zi ci Av‡›`vjb
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mgMÖ Avi‡ei GKwU iv‡óª iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|Ó
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eyS‡Z cvi‡jv †h, GUvB †mB e¯‧ wQj hv •Zix Kivi R‡b¨ G Avjøvni †bK ev›`vn mviv `ywbqvi AZ¨vPvi-
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I Avkv-AvKv•¶vi weivU Kzievbxi cÖ‡qvRb| Gi R‡b¨ Ggb me `ye©vi mvnmx †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb hviv n‡Ki
Dci Cgvb Avbvi ci Zvi cÖwZB cy‡ivcywi `„wó wbe× ivL‡e, Ab¨ †Kvb w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`‡e bv| `ywbqvq
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I mg„w×i mKj m¤¢vebv DrmM© Ki‡e| wb‡R‡ì Avkv-AvKv•¶v Ges gvZvwcZvi Avkv-AvKv•¶v wbg~©j
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G ai‡bi †jv‡Ki ØvivB n‡Z cv‡i|Ó
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fvi‡Zi ivR‣bwZK cU cwieZ©b ïiæ nq| 1935 mv‡ji fviZ AvBb (India Act of 1935) cÖYq‡bi
gva¨‡g e„wUk fvi‡Z Zv‡ì Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb cwinvi K‡i cvZZvwo ¸Uvevi cÖ¯‧wZ wbw”Qj| Zvi R‡b¨
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0 `v½vq Avgiv RvwZ-ag© wbwe©‡k‡l gRjy‡gi mnvqZv Kie Ges Rv‡jg‡K Ryjyg †_‡K iæL‡ev|
G bxwZ Df‡qi Kv‡Q wQj AcQ›`bxq I AMÖnY‡hvM¨|
`viæj Bmjvg ew¯Íi AwZ †e`bv`vqK `„k¨
Ae‡k‡l `v½v-dvmv‡ì mgy‡`ª `viæj Bmjvg ew¯Í GKwU ÿz`ª Øx‡ci AvKvi aviY Ki‡jv| †K›`ªxq
Rvgvqv‡Zi wekRb `vwqZ¡kxj K‡qKwU cÖwZwbwa`‡j wef³ n‡q cvk¦©eZx© ew¯Í¸‡jv‡Z wM‡q •`wbK gvbeZvi
†cÖiYv RvMÖZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gme ew¯Íi AwaKvskB wQj wkL‡ì|
evB‡k AvM÷ cvVvb‡KvU kni gymjgvbk~b¨ n‡q c‡o| Zviv me †ij‡ók‡bi wbK‡U †fov-QvM‡ji g‡Zv
†Lvjv gv‡V c‡o _v‡K| cvVvb‡KvU gymjgvbk~b¨ nIqvi ci Avkcv‡ki cjøx AÂj †_‡K wQbœg~j gymjgvb
bvix-cyiæl Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `dZ‡i G‡m Avkªq wb‡Z _v‡K| K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨B Zv‡ì msL¨v wZb
nvRvi AwZµg K‡i| Zv‡ì wbivcËv, †LvivK-†cvkvK I iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi eë¯ vcbv Rvgvqv‡Zi Nv‡o Pv‡c
KviY Zviv wQj AvkªqcÖv_x©| MÖvgvÂj †_‡K Zv‡ì R‡b¨ Lv`¨km¨ msMÖn Kiv Ges †ik‡bi gva¨‡g Zv
†MvUv K¨v‡¤ú Zv‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv RvgvqvZKgx©‡ì Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ n‡q c‡o| Avkcv‡ki wKQz m¤£všÍ
Agymwjg wb‡R‡ì MÖv‡gi gymjgvb‡ì‡K Zuv‡ì ZË¡veav‡b Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi K¨v‡¤ú †c․uwQ‡q †`b|
RvgvqvZ Kgx©MY K¨v‡¤úi Pvi av‡i mvgwiK Kvq`vq †gvP©v (cwiLv) Lbb K‡ib Ges cvnvivi eë¯ v K‡ib
hv‡Z K‡i evB‡ii mKj cÖKvi nvgjv cÖwZnZ Kiv hvq| `yÕwU e›`yK I jvwV‡mvUvmn ivZw`b `viæj Bmjvg
ew¯Íi cvnvivi eë¯ v Kiv nq| G †hb G‡Kev‡i hy‡×i gq`vb Ges gvIjvbv gI`~`x mve©ÿwYK †mbva¨‡ÿi
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib|
PweŸ‡k AvM÷ iv‡Z K¨v‡¤ú nvgjvi ¸Re ïbv †h‡Z jvM‡jv †h, K‡qKkÕ wn›`y I wkL A¯¿k¯¿mn `viæj
Bmjvg ew¯Í nvgjvi cÖ¯‧wZ wb‡”Q| gvIjvbv Avjøvni Dci †mvc`© K‡i wgqv ZzdvBj gynv¤§`‡K `yRb
m½xmn wkL †bZv RvqwMi wms I Pzbxjvj wms-Gi wbK‡U cvwV‡q †`b| cwic~Y© wkL ew¯Íi mk¯¿ †jvKR‡bi
†fZi w`‡q gvÎ wZbRb wbi¯¿ gymjgvb wkL †bZv‡ì evox †c․u‡Qb| Zuv‡ì‡K †`‡L Zuviv AZxe
Avðh©vwš^Z n‡q c‡ob|
RvgvqvZ †bZvMY wbfx©K wP‡Ë ej‡jb, ïbjvg, Avcbviv bvwK `viæj Bmjvg AvµgY Ki‡Z Pvb| G K_v
mZ¨ n‡j Zvi KviY wK?
gvIjvbv gI`~`x I `viæj Bmjv‡gi evwm›`v‡ì wb®‥zjyl PwiÎ c~e© †_‡KB Zuv‡ì g‡b cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i
†i‡LwQj| GLb Gu‡ì wbfx©KZvq Zuviv gy» n‡jb Ges Avk¦vm w`‡q wbivc` ¯ vb ch©šÍ Zuv‡ì‡K GwM‡q
w`‡q †M‡jb|
Gw`‡K ¸Re G‡Zv cÖej †h, mK‡j G e¨vcv‡i cÖvq GKgZ †h, AvR iv‡Z (24†k AvM÷) `viæj
Bmjv‡gi Dci nvgjv G‡Kev‡i wbwðZ| Giƒc Avk¼vi cÖavb KviY GB †h, Rvgvqv‡Zi R‣bK iæKb Ges
`viæj Bmjv‡gi evwm›`v Rbve Ave`yi ingvb AvkªqcÖv_x© cwievi‡ì wbKU¯  GKwU MÖvg †_‡K Zv‡ì wKQz
gvjcÎ Avbvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì m‡½ †ewi‡q wM‡q wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡ibwb| A‡bK AbymÜv‡bi ci km¨‡ÿ‡Zi
g‡a¨ Zuvi jvk cvIqv hvq hv K…cv‡Yi AvNv‡Z ÿZ-weÿZ wQj| G‡Z K‡i g‡b n‡qwQj, Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgxi Abycg PwiÎ I cÖksmbxq f‚wgKvi †h cÖfve Agymwjg‡ì Dci wQj Zv GLb †kl n‡q †M‡Q|
AZGe, gvIjvbv gI`~`x `viæj Bmjv‡gi gwnjv‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i e‡jb-
Ònq‡Zv `viæj Bmjvgevmx‡ì Rxe‡bi AvR †kl w`b| G Ae¯ vq h‡ZvÿY ch©šÍ Avgv‡ì GKRb cyiælI
†eu‡P _vK‡e `ykgb BbkvAvjøvn †Zvgv‡ì wbKU †c․uQ‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš‧ †Lv`v bv Kiæb, cyiæl hw` LZgB
n‡q hvq Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡ì‡K gywgb bvix‡ì g‡Zv jovB K‡iB gi‡Z n‡e| bv †Zvgv‡ì AvZ¥nZ¨v Kiv
Pj‡e, Avi bv RxweZ Ae¯ vq Kv‡iv Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡e| †h nvgjv Ki‡Z Avm‡e Zvi gyKvwejv Ki‡e
Ges Avcb B¾‡Zi R‡b¨ jovB K‡i Rvb w`‡e|Ó
AZtci Zuv‡ì‡K jovB‡qi wKQz miÄvg w`‡q †`b Ges †K․kj I wnKgZ wkwL‡q †`b|
†K›`ªxq RvgvqvZ jv‡nv‡i ¯ vbvšÍwiZ
†P․weŸ‡k ivZ f‡q f‡q I wbivc‡`B †K‡U †Mj e‡j mK‡j Avjøvni ïKwiqv Av`vq Ki‡jb| 25†k AvM÷
we‡Kj †ejv jv‡nvi †_‡K wKQz RvgvqvZKgx© GKwU Kb&f‡q `ywU evmmn `viæj Bmjvg †c․u‡Qb| G Kb&fq
gvÎ Ava NÈvi R‡b¨ G‡mwQj-Rvgvqv‡Zi `vwqZ¡kxjMY Ggb GKwU Avkªq wkwei †Q‡o †h‡Z wKQz‡ZB
ivRx n‡jb bv †hLv‡b wZb nvRv‡iiI †ekx †jvK i‡q‡Q| AZGe, RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì ïay gwnjv I
wkï‡ì‡K G evm `ywU‡Z K‡i cvwV‡q †`qv nq|
Rxe‡bi Avk¼v ZxeªZi nw”Qj e‡j cèª‡R Kv‡djv iIqvbv Kiv n‡e wKbv G wb‡q wPšÍvfvebv PjwQj
Ggb mgq †mbvevwnbx 29†k AvM÷ mÜ¨vq Avkªq wkwe‡ii `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| Gfv‡e K¨v¤ú iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi
`vwqZ¡ †_‡K RvgvqvZKgx©MY gy³ nb| H w`bB Avi GKwU †d․Rx Kv‡djvmn (Military Convoy) Rbve
Ave`yj RveŸvi MvRx wZbLvbv evm wb‡q `viæj Bmjvg †c․u‡Qb| `viæj Bmjvg †_‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi †K›`ªxq
`dZi I Zvi `vwqZ¡kxjMY‡K jv‡nvi ¯ vbvšÍ‡ii wm×všÍ Kiv nq Ges Z`byhvqx ciw`b 30†k AvM÷
mKvj AvUUvq jv‡nv‡ii c‡_ RvgvqvZ †bZ…e„›` iIqvbv n‡q hvb| Avkªq cÖv_x©‡ì g‡bvej DbœZ ivLvi
R‡b¨ Ges Rvgvqv‡Zi g~jëvb gvjcÎ iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi R‡b¨ gvÎ wZbRb Kgx©‡K †i‡L hvIqv nq| Zuviv
n‡”Qb me©Rbve Bnmvbyj nK, Avhg nv‡kgx I gynv¤§` nv‡g`|
wKš‧ `yt‡Li welq †h, †h me gvjcÎ †Q‡o hvIqv n‡qwQj Zv Avi †Kvbw`b cvIqv †Mj bv| Zvi g‡a¨ wQj
ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi weivU fvÐvi, Rvgvqv‡Zi jvB‡eªix, hvi g‡a¨ ZrKvjxb GMv‡iv nvRvi GKk AvVvi
UvKv Pvi Avbv g~‡jï eB cy¯K Í wQj, Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi wbR¯^ jvB‡eªix, hvi eû g~jëvb-MÖš  GLb
G‡Kev‡iB `y®cÖvc¨| ZvQvov wQj `viæj Bmjv‡gi †MvUv †K›`ªxq jvB‡eªix, Ab¨vb¨ eû AvmevecÎ, hvi
ZrKvjxb g~j¨ mËi nvRvi UvKviI AwaK wQj|
gvIjvbv gI`~`x I Ab¨vb¨ RvgvqvZ †bZ…e„›` I Kgx©MY H w`bB m‡Ü¨ bvMv` jv‡nvi †c․u‡Q hvb| jv‡nvi
¯ vbvšÍwiZ nIqvi ci gvIjvbv I Zuvi mnKgx©‡ì gv_v ¸uRevi cÖkœ e‡ov n‡q ùvov‡jv| Zuv‡ì R‡b¨
miKvi cÿ †_‡K GKLvbv evox eivÏ Kivi 24 N›Uv ci Zv †diZ †bqv nq| gvIjvbv Zuvi mnKgx©‡ì‡K
wb‡la K‡i †`b Zuviv †hb miKvix eivÏK…Z †Kvb evox bv †bb| AZtci Zviv Bmjvg cv‡K©i †Lvjv
gq`v‡b †QvU †QvU Zuvey LvwU‡q gv_v ¸uR‡jb|*
* GgbwU n‡jv †Kb? gvIjvbv gI`~`x wK ZLb †Kvb AÁvZ e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb? †MvUv jv‡nvi kn‡i †hLv‡b
nvRvi nvRvi g~jëvb KzwV I evoxNi cwiZ¨³ Ae¯ vq c‡o wQj, Zvi GKwUI Zuvi I Zuvi mnKgx©‡ì
R‡b¨ cvIqv †Mj bv? GKwU eivÏ K‡i 24 NÈvi ci Zv Avevi †diZ †bqv n‡jv! G m‡ei KviY
AbymÜvb Ki‡Z wM‡q h‡ZvUv Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv GB †h, mvZPwjø‡ki †P․ÏB AvM‡÷i ci ej‡Z
†M‡j K‡qK gvm hver †Kvb my¯  gw¯Í®‥ miKviB cvwK¯Ív‡b wQj bv|
Avgvi e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv GB †h, KjKvZv kni fvi‡Zi AšÍfy©³ nIqvi Kvi‡Y XvKv‡KB cvwK¯Ív‡bi
c~e©vÂ‡ji ivRavbx Kiv n‡jv| Avwg wQjvg GKRb miKvix Kg©Pvix (Awdmvi)| †KvjKvZv †_‡K evox
nI‡q XvKv †c․uQ‡Z w`b c‡b‡iv wej¤^ n‡jv| †c․‡Q hv †`Ljvg Zv‡Z wew¯§Z njvg, gg©vnZ njvg,
nZvkvMÖ¯Í njvg| Bmjvgx kvmb cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ †h ivóª nvwmj Kiv n‡jv Zvi IB Ae¯ v? †hb gv‡j MbxgZ
wb‡q gvivgvwi, KvovKvwo, ¯^RbcÖxwZ-`ybx©wZ I jy‡Ui ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg n‡q‡Q| †QvU-e‡ov cÖvq mKj wn›`y
Kg©Pvix PvKzix †Q‡o fvi‡Z cvwo w`‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡ì k~b¨ c`¸‡jv †K KZUv `Lj Ki‡Z cv‡i ZvB wb‡q
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, Av`k© I PwiÎnxb Awdm Kg©KZ©vMY I ivR‣bwZK `‡ji †bZv I †nvgiv‡PvgivMY cwiw¯ wZi
c~Y© my‡hvM MÖnY K‡ib| bZzb-cyivZb I Awdm¸‡jv‡Z †Kvb †hvM¨Zv I AwfÁZvi wePvi bv K‡iB †jvK
wb‡qvM Kiv nq| G‡Kev‡i Av½yj dy‡j KjvMvQ| cwiZ¨³ m¤úwË wb‡qI H GKB Ae¯ v| PwiÎnxb wejvmx
ivRcyÎ wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnYKv‡j mvaviYZ Zvi hv cwiYvg nq, cvwK¯Ív‡biI †mB cwiYv‡gi Avk¼v
Kijvg| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx m¤ú‡K© †Kvb aviYv _vK‡j †m Kv‡RiB m~Pbv KiZvg| wKš‧ Pzqvbœ mv‡ji
wW‡m¤^‡ii Av‡M Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi †Kvb bvgMÜB Avgvi Rvbv wQj bv| ZvB cÂv‡bœi ïiæ‡ZB
Rvgvqv‡Zi Kv‡Ri m~Pbv Kwi Avgvi Avcb ¯ v‡b hLb Avwg GKwU nvB¯‥z‡ji cÖavb wkÿK- MÖš Kvi|
G mg‡q wQbœg~j RvgvqvZKgx©‡ì wb‡q gvIjvbv gI`~`x `ywU Awfhvb ïiæ K‡ib- kn‡ii cwi®‥vi-
cwi”QbœZv I gynvwRi‡ì †mev| G mg‡q kn‡ii eû ¯ v‡b †h `yM©Ügq AveR©bv ¯—‚cxK…Z n‡qwQj, Zv
gnvgvix †iv‡MiB evZ©v enb KiwQj| RvgvqvZKgx©MY gywP ìRv I fvwU ìRvi AveR©bv Acmvi‡Yi Kv‡R
†j‡M hvb|
gynvwRi‡ì †mevi R‡b¨ GKwU `j mxgv‡šÍ wb‡qvwRZ Kiv nq Ges Aci `ywU `j Iqvëb I evDwj K¨v‡¤ú
Ae¯ vbKvix gynvwRi‡ì cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i|
†gvU K_v, gvIjvbv gI`~`x Zuvi eû m½xmv_xmn jv‡nv‡i wnRiZ K‡i miKvi ev RbM‡Yi kiYv_x© bv n‡q
AvMZ Ab¨vb¨ gynvwRi‡ì †mevi †fZi w`‡qB cvwK¯Ív‡b Zuvi Kv‡Ri m~Pbv K‡ib| Zuvi mviv Rxe‡bi
mKj cÖKvi wbt¯^v_© †L`gZ hw` cvwK¯Ívbevmx MÖnY K‡i bvI _v‡K, Zv‡Z Zuvi †Kvb c‡ivqv †bB|
`viæj Bmjv‡gi Ab¨Zg e¨w³Z¡ giûg mvB‡q` bKx Avjx e‡jb,
ÒRvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi BwZnv‡m mvZPwjø‡ki AvM÷ gvmwU wQj GKwU ¯§iYxq gvm| Avgiv fvewQjvg-
(K) †lvjwU cwiev‡ii †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv PwjøkwU Kvgivq wZb nvRv‡iiI †ekx AvkªqcÖv_x© wKfv‡e iB‡jb|
(L) wKfv‡e Avjøvn Zvqvjv Zuv‡ì Lvbvwcbvi eë¯ v Ki‡jb?
(M) gvivZ¥K ai‡bi AvnZ e¨w³MY-hv‡ì ÿ‡Z †cvKv n‡qwQj gvgywj Jlac‡Î wKfv‡e Avjøvni Kzì‡Z
Av‡ivM¨ jvf K‡ib?
(N) Ggb weivU msL¨K Avkªq cÖv_x©‡ì AMwYZ mgm¨vi mgvavb KwZcq bMY¨ e¨w³ wKfv‡e Ki‡jb?
(O) `viæj Bmjv‡gi evwm›`v‡ì •bwZK cÖfve weivU kw³kvjx `ykg‡bi gb‡K wKfv‡e fxZwenŸj K‡iwQj
†h, Zviv mKj cÖKvi cÖ¯‧wZ I msKí m‡Ë¡I `viæj Bmjv‡gi Dci nvgjv Kivi mvnm †c‡jv bv?
G meB Avjøvn Zvqvjvi Lvm ingZ I †gv‡Rhv| ZvB G gvmwU mwZ¨B Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi GKwU AwZ
¯§iYxq gvm|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx `yÕfv‡M wef³
†`k wefv‡Mi d‡j Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx `yÕfv‡M wef³ nq- Rvgvqv‡Z &Bmjvgx cvwK¯Ívb I Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgx wn›`&| Dfq †`‡ki Rvgvqv‡Zi fwel¨Z Kg©m~PxI AvMvg Avgx‡i RvgvqvZ †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb|
GLb †_‡K Dfq RvgvqvZ Zv‡ì c„_K c„_K Kg©m~Px I Kg©c×wZ MÖnY K‡i| wefvM-c~e©Kv‡j wbwLj fviZ
Rvgvqv‡Zi †gvU iæKb msL¨v wQj 625| Zvi g‡a¨ 240 Rb fvi‡Z i‡q hvb Ges 385 Rb wb‡q
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvR ïiæ nq|
PZz`k
© Aa¨vq
Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZ¨ m„wó

G mgq ch©šÍ gvIjvbv gI`~`x Av‡›`vj‡bi Dc‡hvMx †h mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ib Zv wbgœiƒc t
1933- (1) Bmjvgx Zvnhxe AvIi Dm‡K Avmyj I gyev`x
(2) gvmAvjv‡q Rvei I Kvì
1934- (1) ZvbKxnvZ (2) ZvdnxgvZ
1935- (1) nKKzh& hvIRvBb
(2) Bmjvg AvIi he‡Z †ejv`vZ
1936-37 (1) ØxwbqvZ (2) my` (3) c`©v
1938- (1) †LvZevZ
1939- (1) gymjgvb AvIi gIRy`v wmqvmx KvkgKvk- (1937
mv‡j ïiæ K‡i 1939 mvj ch©šÍ wZb L‡Ð mgvß)|
(2) Bmjvg Kv bvhwiqv‡q wmqvmx
(3) Bmjvgx Bev`vZ ci ZvnKxKx bhi
1940- (1) ZvR`x` G GnBqv‡q Øxb
(2) Bmjvgx ûKzgZ wKm Zivn Kv‡qg ûwZ n¨vq?
(3) GK Avng B‡¯ÍdZv
1941- (1) KziAvb wK Pvi eywbqv`x BmwZjvn
(2) Bmjvg AvIi Rv‡nwjqvZ
(3) bqv wbhv‡g Zvjxg
(4) BbmvbKv gvqvkx gmjv AvIi DmKv nvj&
1942- mvjvgwZ Kv iv¯Ív-
1943- (1) Øx‡b nK (2) gyiZv`wK mvhv Bmjvgx Kvbyb †gu
1944- (1) Bmjvg Kv AvLjvKx †bvKZv‡q bhi
(2) nvKxKv‡Z wkK© (Avgxb Avnmvb Bmjvnx)
1945- (1) nvKxKv‡Z ZvInx`
(2) Zvnix‡K Bmjvgx wK AvLjvKx eywbqv‡ù
(3) `vIqv‡Z Bmjvgx AvIi Dm‡K gyZvwjevZ
1946- (1) kvnv`v‡Z nK
(2) `vIqv‡Z Øxb AvIi Dm‡K Zvwi‡K Kvi
1947- (1) Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wK `vIqvZ
(2) evbvI AvIi weMvo
(3) nvKxKv‡Z ZvKIqv
(4) wn›`y¯Ívb †gu Zvnix‡K Bmjvgx Kv Av‡q›`v jv‡qnv‡q Avgj|
(5) cvwK¯Ívb †gu Zvnix‡K Bmjvgx Kv Av‡q›`v jv‡qnv‡q Avgj|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi •ewkó¨
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Av‡›`vjb, Gi msMVb, Kg©m~Px I Kg©c×wZ, RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZvi •Zix weivU mvwnZ¨
fvÐvi, Bmjvgx gb-gw¯Í®‥ I PwiÎ •Zixi R‡b¨ ¯ vqx cÖwkÿY eë¯ v, Rvgvqv‡Zi ev¯Íe f‚wgKv cÖf…wZ †_‡K
Zvi †h •ewkó¨ dz‡U I‡V †m m¤ú‡K© wKQz K_v cvVK mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q †ck Ki‡Z PvB|
1| G Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ AvKx`vn-wek¦vm I j‡ÿï w`‡K, †Kvb e¨w³‡Z¡i w`‡K bq|
2| G Rvgvqv‡Zi MVb-cÖK…wZ †Kvb msKxY© †dK©vi gZ bq| Rvgvqv‡Zi cÿ †_‡K my¯úó †NvlYv †h,
Avgv‡ì cÿ †_‡K G `vex KL‡bv Kiv n‡e bv †h, Bmjvg ïay G Rvgvqv‡Zi cwimxgvi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q|
3| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K_v GB †h, Rvgvqv‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡K G K_v e‡j †`qv nq- Rvgvqv‡Zi `vIqvZ, Kg©m~Px
I jÿ¨ c~Y© Abyf‚wZ mnKv‡i ey‡S wb‡q Rvgvqv‡Z †hvM`vb Kiæb| wewfbœ cÖKvi a¨vb-aviYv, ¯^v_© I B”Qv-
evmbv cwiZ¨vM K‡i GKgvÎ ÔGKvg‡Z Øx‡biÕ gnvb Kv‡R GKwbô n‡q hvb|
4| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki eywbqv`x KvR GB †h, †m Zvi Øxbx Bjg evov‡Z _vK‡e Ges wb‡Ri Bm&jvn Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_
n‡Ki `vIqvZ fv‡jvfv‡e Ges ü`qMÖvnx K‡i A‡bï Kv‡Q †c․uQv‡e| G m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨ †jv‡Ki g‡a¨
weZiY Ki‡e|
G K_v wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h, Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖv_wgK Kgx©MY G e¨vcv‡i cÖksmbxq f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx, cwiwPZ-AcwiwPZ †jvK, Awdm-Av`vjZ I Kj-KviLvbvi
m½x-mv_x‡ì Øv‡i Øv‡i wM‡q‡Qb Ges wbôvi mv‡_ Bmjvgx `vIqvZ †ck K‡i‡Qb| mv‡_ eB-cy¯K Í wb‡q
ew¯Í ew¯Í Ny‡i‡Qb| †Kv_vI we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡q‡Q, †Kv_vI gvIjvbvi cÖwZ Mvwj ewl©Z n‡q‡Q|
†KD K_v ï‡b‡Q, †KD ïb‡ZB Pvqwb| Zuv‡ì G wbt¯^v_© kª‡gi R‡b¨ AvR `vIqv‡Zi †ÿÎ cÖk¯ÍZi
n‡q‡Q| wecøex Kv‡Ri GB †Zv Kg©c×wZ-hvi †Kvb weKí †bB| G KvR †Zv mKj mgq mKj Ae¯ v‡ZB
Kiv hvq| ïay cÖ‡qvRb `„p msKí I mr mvn‡mi| RvgvqvZKgx©‡ì GB †Zv Db¥v`bvmyjf KvR, hvi Afve
NU‡j Avi Kgx© _vKv hvq bv| ïay ZvB bq, Cgvb I AvLjv‡Ki w`K w`‡qI AatcZb nq| huviv G KvR
Ae¨vnZ MwZ‡Z K‡i P‡j‡Qb, ZuvivB n‡”Qb G Av‡›`vj‡bi g~jab|
5| Rvgvqv‡Zi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv Gfv‡e •Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, `vwqZ¡kxjMY me©`v Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_
civgk© K‡i KvR Ki‡eb| †KD ¯^qs †Kvb c`cÖv_x© nIqvi †Póv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| GLv‡b wbe©vP‡b †KD
c`cÖv_x© n‡Z cv‡i bv|
6| mvsMVwbK cwigÐ‡ji †fZi G‡K Ac‡ii weiæ‡× †Mvcb civgk©, K¨vbfvwms A_ev Dc`j MVb
G‡Kev‡i wbwl×|
7| mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi wewfbœ ¯Íi Av‡Q| Zvi me©wbgœ eywbqv`x ¯Íi ev BDwbU-¯ vbxq RvgvqvZ|
GLv‡b mvßvwnK •eVK nq, KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbv nq, Kv‡Ri wi‡cvU© †ck Kiv nq, fwel¨‡Zi Kg©m~Px
•Zix nq| †K›`ª †_‡K †cÖwiZ mvKz©jvi ev †n`v‡qZ •eV‡K Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| ¯ vbxq KvRK‡g©i myweav-
Amyweav cÖf…wZI Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
8| Rvgvqv‡Zi GKwU •ewkó¨ GB †h, Zvi `vIqvZ, msMVb, mfv-mwgwZ Ges wewfbœ ZrciZvi R‡b¨
†h A_© e¨q nq Zv msMV‡bi †fZi †_‡KB msMÖn Kiv nq, evB‡ii †Kvb mvnvh¨ †bqv nq bv| Z‡e
Rvgvqv‡Zi Kv‡R gy» n‡q †¯^”Qvq †Kvb ïfvKv•¶x wKQz w`‡j Zv MÖnY Kiv nq| A_ev †Kvb
mgvR‡mevg~jK Kv‡R, †hgb AvZ©-`yM©Z‡ì ÎvY Kv‡R, †Kvb cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡M wecbœ †jvK‡ì mvnvh¨v‡_©
A_© ev ÎvY mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zvi R‡b¨ Ac‡ii Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡Z Zvi R‡b¨
cvKv imx` w`‡q A_© MÖnY Kiv nq Ges hveZxq Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve cÖKvk K‡i †`qv nq|
Rvgvqv‡Zi hveZxq LiPc‡Îi `vwqZ¡ RvgvqvZKgx©‡ì DciB Ac©Y Kiv nq, Gi d‡j Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ Avjøvni c‡_ AKvZ‡i A_© wewj‡q †`qvi †cÖiYv m„wó nq| ZvQvov cÖwZwU Kgx© wbôvi mv‡_ cÖwZwU
Kc`©K e¨q K‡ib| hvi d‡j †h KvR A‡bï Øviv Ki‡Z †h A_© e¨q nq, Zvi A‡bK Kg A‡_© AwZ
my›ìfv‡e RvgvqvZKgx©MY mym¤úbœ K‡ib|
9| msMV‡bi GKUv ¯ vqx eë¯ v Av‡Q| cwic~Y© KziAvb I mybœvni Av‡jv‡K G eë¯ v Pvjv‡bv nq|
KziAvb-nv`xm Ges Bmjvx mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g, cÖwkÿY wkwe‡ii gva¨‡g, `vIqvZ Qovevi gva¨‡g
Ges cÖZ¨ÿ evwZj kw³i AZ¨vPvi-Drcxo‡bi gva¨‡g DbœZgv‡bi gvbwmK I PvwiwÎK cÖwkÿY jv‡fi GK
AK…wÎg I ¯^vfvweK eë¯ v i‡q‡Q Rvgvqv‡Z|
10| mgqvbyewZ©Zv Rvgvqv‡Zi GKUv we‡kl •ewkó¨| wVK c~e© †NvwlZ mg‡q mfv-m‡¤§jb I •eVKvwì
KvR ïiæ Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj cÖKvi Riæix •elwqK KvR-Kg© †d‡j msMV‡bi Wv‡K h_vmgq nvwRi
nIqv Rvgvqv‡Zi AmvaviY k„•Ljv‡ev‡ai cwiPvqK|
11| Rvgvqv‡Zi wbR¯^ GKUv fvlY`vb c×wZ i‡q‡Q| fvl‡Yi g‡a¨ myi K‡i †Kvb KweZv, MRj, Ave„wË,
nvmïmvZ¥K †Kvb K_v, Akvjxb A_ev AevšÍi, wfwËnxb †Kvb Dw³ Rvgvqv‡Zi gÂ †_‡K ejv nq bv|
e³v Zuvi e³e¨ c~e© †_‡K •Zix K‡i hvb Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨B Zuvi Z_¨c~Y© fvlY `vb K‡ib|
fvlY‡K h_vmva¨ ü`qMÖvnx Kivi †Póv K‡ib Ges †kªvZvi `„wó I g‡bv‡hvM AvK…ó K‡ib| fvl‡Yi g‡a¨
k‡ãi evMvo¤î _v‡K bv, nvmï‡mi †LvivK _v‡K bv, _v‡K wPšÍvi †LvivK| ZvB Rvgvqv‡Zi e³…Zvi aib
mgv‡R wPivPwiZ e³v, Iqv‡qhxb †_‡K wfbœ ai‡bi Ges wkwÿZ wPšÍvkxj‡ì Kv‡Q G c×wZ LyeB
AvKl©Yxq|
12| Rvgvqv‡Zi BKvgv‡Z Øx‡bi `vIqv‡Z cÖfvweZ n‡q hvuiv Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb, Zuv‡ì Rxe‡b
GK wecøe m„wó n‡q‡Q| A‣ea iæwR-†ivRMvi eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi R‡b¨ A‡b‡K eëmv I PvKzix Qvo‡Z
eva¨ n‡q‡Qb| A‣ea RxweKv cwiZ¨vM Kivi ci mnv‡m¨ `vwi`¨ eiY K‡i‡Qb| kiwqZwe‡ivax mKj
Af¨vm cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb| G m¤ú‡K© ¯^qs gvIjvbv gI`~`x e‡jb-
ÒAvgiv hv wKQz mydj jvf K‡iwQ Zvi g‡a¨ e‡ov mydj GB †h, Avgv‡ì G `vIqv‡Zi cÖfve
†hLv‡bB †c․u‡Q‡Q, †mLv‡bB Zv g„Z we‡eK‡K RxweZ K‡i‡Q Ges NygšÍ‡K RvMÖZ K‡i‡Q| Zvi cÖ_g
cÖwZwµqv GB †h, bdm Zvi AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbv ïiæ K‡i‡Q| c~‡e© msKxY© agx©q a¨vb-aviYvi wfwË‡Z nvjvj-
nvivg, cvK-bvcvK I nK-bvn‡Ki †h cv_©K¨‡eva wQj Zv Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î mKj wel‡q A‡bK
cwigv‡Y e¨vcKZi n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© Øxbx Abyf‚wZ G‡ZvUv cÖvYnxb wQj †h, A‡bK PvÂj¨Ki welqI g‡b †Kvb
mvov RvMv‡Zv bv, GLb Zv G‡ZvUv Zxeª n‡q c‡o‡Q †h, †Qv‡UvLv‡Uv welqI g‡b AvNvZ K‡i| .... wPšÍvi
wew”QbœZv `~i n‡q‡Q, †eû`v I Av‡Rev‡R AcÖvmw½K KvRK‡g©i cÖwZ gb Avmw³nxb n‡q c‡o‡Q, Rxe‡bi
g~j I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mgm¨vejxi cÖwZ `„wó wbe× n‡”Q|
13| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx ïiæ †_‡KB AvaywbK Bs‡iRx wkwÿZ †jvK Ges gv`ªvmvq wkÿvcÖvß Av‡jg‡ì
g‡a¨ GKUv mgš^q mvab K‡i Avm‡Q| GKRb AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jvK †hgb Øxbx Bjg †_‡K ewÂZ _v‡K,
gv`ªvmv cvm K‡i huviv †ei nb Zuviv Avevi AvaywbK Ávb jv‡fi †Kvb my‡hvM cvb bv| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx
GKUv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KvR Ki‡Q| KziAvb, nv`xm I †dKvn kv‡¯¿ AwfÁ GKRb Av‡jg Rvgvqv‡Z kixK
nIqvi ci BwZnvm, f‚‡Mvj, `k©b, mgvRweÁvb, A_©bxwZ I ivóªweÁvb m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|
wVK †Zgwb GKRb D”P wWMÖxavix AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jvK Rvgvqv‡Zi ms¯úk© G‡m KziAvb-nv`xm Ges
wewfbœ Bmjvgx Ávb jv‡fi my‡hvM cvb Ges Av‡›`vjb‡K me©¯Í‡ii †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ e¨vcKZi Kivi R‡b¨
Dfq cÖKv‡ii Ávb Acwnvh©| ZvB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wWMÖxavix GKRb RvgvqvZKgx© †hgb NÈvi ci NÈv
KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Dci Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i, †Zgwb GKRb ïay Kv‡gj cvm Av‡jg ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwi
Dc‡i myax mgv‡e‡k g‡bvÁ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov cvðv‡Zï AvaywbK wkÿv eë¯ v Ges AvaywbK
Ávb-weÁvb ewR©Z gv`ªvmv wkÿv eë¯ v wkÿv_x©‡ì g‡a¨ †h `ywU wecixZgyLx Rxeb`k©b, iæwP I gbbkxjZv
•Zix K‡i- hvi d‡j Df‡qi g‡a¨ GK weivU `~iZ¡ m„wó nq-Ges cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wQbœ Kivi KviYI nq,
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Df‡qi g‡a¨ †mZzeÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Df‡qi `„wófw½, wPšÍvaviv, iæwP I gbbkxjZv GKB
Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi R‡b¨ G wQj GK Awbevh© cÖ‡qvRb| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx
G cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Ki‡Z mÿg nq‡Q|
cÂ`k Aa¨vq
Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb
Av`wk©K m~Pbv †_‡K Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôv Ges Zvi Q eQi ci †`k wefvM ch©šÍ Zvi msMVb,
Kg©ZrciZv, RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Zvi `vIqv‡Zi cÖPvi I cÖmvi, mvwnZ¨ iPbv, Rbkw³ MVb cÖf…wZi g~j¨vqb
Ki‡j Zvi wKQz •ewkó¨gq mvdj¨ †Pv‡L c‡o| Zv wbgœiƒc t
1| GKwU Av`wk©K `j nIqv m‡Ë¡I hvi m`m¨c` PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejxi Dci wbf©ikxj| `jwU fvi‡Zi me©Î
AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B Zvi cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z mÿg nq| †ejywP¯Ívb Ges evsjv cÖ‡`k e¨ZxZ me©Î cÖvq
mKj D‡jøL‡hvM¨ kni¸‡jv‡Z Zvi kvLv MwVZ nq, hvi msL¨v wQj GKk‡Zi KvQvKvwQ| Zvi Av`wk©K
cÖfv‡e AmsL¨ ¯ v‡b Ggb me `vIqvZ cÖPv‡ii cÖv_wgK BDwbU MwVZ nq, †hLv‡b KziAvb-nv`x‡mi `vi‡mi
gva¨‡g Bmjvg‡K Zvi mwZ¨Kvi iƒ‡c gvby‡li mvg‡b Dc¯ vcbv, GKRb gymjgv‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Ges
†mB mv‡_ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi D‡Ïk¨, jÿ¨, `vIqvZ I Kg©m~Px eY©bv wPšÍvkxj gymjgvb‡ì ü`q-gb
AvK…ó Ki‡Z _v‡K|
2| Zvi m`m¨c` we‡kl •bwZK ¸Yvejxi kZ©vaxb nIqv m‡Ë¡I Ges gvb DËxY© bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK‡K
RvgvqvZ †_‡K ewn®‥…Z Kivi ciI AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zvi m`m¨ msL¨v nq-625| mg_©K I
ïfvKv•¶xi msL¨v jÿvwaK| GKwU Av`wk©K `‡ji Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ G AMÖMwZ AvkvcÖ` I Drmvne¨ÄK
m‡›`n †bB|
3| Zvi k~ivqx †bhvg ev civgk©wfwËK eë¯ v DbœxZ n‡q †K›`ª †_‡K wbgœ ch©v‡qI we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| †Rjv
I ¯ vbxq RvgvqvZ¸wj‡Z Rvgvqv‡Zi c‡` AwawôZ `vwqZ¡kxjMY cwic~Y© MYZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z MwVZ
gRwj‡m k~ivi gva¨‡g civg‡k©i wfwË‡Z Rvgvqv‡Zi KvRKg© cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
4| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx G mg‡qi g‡a¨ †K›`ªxq cÖKvkbv wefvM †_‡K 44 LvbviI AwaK eB cÖKvk K‡i|
G¸‡jvB wQj Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Av`wk©K, A_©‣bwZK, ivR‣bwZK I mvsMVwbK eywbqv`| G eB¸‡jv
Rvgvqv‡Zi wPšÍvi †ÿ‡Î c_cÖ`k©b K‡i Ges `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi Kv‡RiI mnvqK nq| Av`wk©K
nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e eB¸‡jv Kgx©‡ì `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi Kv‡R we‡kl djcÖm~ nq| G ai‡bi cÖKvkbv
wefvM †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ¯ v‡bI Kv‡qg Kiv nq Ges e¨vcK AvKv‡i Av`k©wfwËK eB-cy¯ÍK cÖKvwkZ nq|
5| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Av`‡k©i gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e wKQz wKQz cÎ-cwÎKv I mvgwqKx cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K|
gvwmK ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb QvovI mvßvwnZ ÔgymjgvbÕ Ges Aa© mvßvwnK ÔKvImviÕ Ges Gjvnvev` †_‡K Aa©
mvßvwnK ÔBbmvdÕ, nvqìvev`, `vwÿYvZ¨ †_‡K AvbIqvi Ges ivgcyi †_‡K ÔAvjnvmvbvZÕ cÖKvwkZ nq|
6| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Kgx©‡ì cÖ`Ë gvwmK mvnvh¨ Ges cy¯K Í vw` weµqje× A‡_©i Øviv Zvi Avw_©K
eë¯ v Kv‡qg K‡i| evBi †_‡K †Kvb cÖKvi Puv`v A_ev GKKvjxb A_© mvnvh¨ e¨wZ‡i‡K D³ `ywU m~Î
†_‡K Zvi A_©eë¯ v my`„p K‡i| hviv mIqv‡ei D‡Ï‡k¨ RvgvqvZ‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨ w`‡Z PvB‡Zv, Zv‡ì
Dci wbf©i Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K gy³ n‡q wb‡Ri cv‡q ùvovevi †PóvB RvgvqvZ K‡i|
7| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zvi mKj cÖKvi Kg©ZrciZvi hvPvB ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wi‡cvU© Av`vb-
cÖ`v‡bi Ggb GK mywbcyY eë¯ v Kv‡qg K‡i hvi mvnvh¨ †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ GjvKv †_‡K Kgx©‡ì Kg©ZrciZvi
wi‡cvU© †K‡›`ª †c․u‡Q †h‡Zv| G me wi‡cv‡U©i gva¨‡g mviv †`‡k Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Kg©ZrciZv,
`vIqv‡Zi cÖPvi-cÖmvi I Zvi AMÖMwZ A_ev cÖwZeÜKZv I Zvi KviY BZ¨vwì GK c~Y© wPÎ Avgx‡i
RvgvqvZ Ges †K›`ªxq cwiPvjK‡ì mvg‡b dz‡U DV‡Zv| Zvi Av‡jv‡KB cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i c`‡ÿc MÖnY
Kiv n‡Zv| Kgx©‡ì `ye©jZv aiv co‡j Zv ms‡kvab Kiv n‡Zv Ges wewfbœfv‡e Zv‡ì Kv‡R DrmvwnZ I
AbycÖvwYZ Kiv n‡Zv| Gai‡bi wi‡cvU© Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi eë¯ v Ab¨ †Kvb `‡j †bB| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡Z
G eë¯ v _vKvi Kvi‡Y Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ Kg©PvÂj¨ ejer _v‡K Ges Kv‡R Ae‡njv cÖ`k©‡bi cÖeYZv `~i nq|
8| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx mgvR ms¯‥v‡ii gq`v‡b gReyZ I ¯ vqx wfwËi Dci KvR Ki‡Z _v‡K| Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgxi KvR †Kvb gImygx KvR wQj bv †hgb Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji n‡q _v‡K- hviv wbe©vP‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kg©Zrci
n‡q D‡V Ges Gme †kl nIqvi ci Zv‡ì Avi †Kvb KvR _v‡K bv| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zvi Pvi `dv
¯ vqx Kg©m~Px Abyhvqx wPšÍvi ïw×Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨w³PwiÎ MVb, msMVb I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Kgx©evwnbx
MVb, mgvR ms¯‥vi I †bZ…‡Z¡i ms¯‥vi-ms‡kvab mKj mg‡q Zvi KvR Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| †Kvb GK mg‡qI
RvgvqvZ Kgx©‡ì wekªvg MÖn‡Yi †Kvb AeKvk _v‡K bv| Zv‡ì G wbijm I weivgnxb Kv‡Ri cðv‡Z
_v‡K Øxbx †cÖiYv Ges cÖwZg~n‚‡Z©i KvR‡K Zviv Avjøvn Zvqvjvi mš‧wó AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨B K‡i _v‡K|
9| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zvi wb‡Ri wkwÿZ Ávbx-¸Yx I cÖwZfvevb e¨w³ Øviv mvwnZ¨ iPbv I Zvi e¨vcK
cÖmvi I cwi‡ek‡bi eë¯ v K‡i| Gi d‡j Zvi wPšÍvaviv GKB e¨w³i bv n‡q eû Av‡›`vjbwcÖq eyw×Rxexi
MÖš -cÖeÜvwì gva¨‡g e¨vcK cÖmvi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K|
10| mgvR‡mev Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Pvi `dv ¯ vqx Kg©m~Pxi GKwU| RvgvqvZ Zvi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK
`j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ G `„óvšÍ ¯ vcb K‡i †h, ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jv ïay ivR‣bwZK D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj Kivi Ges
RbMY‡K wb‡R‡ì mv‡_ wfwo‡q ivR‣bwZK kw³ AR©b Kivi gva¨gB bq, eiÂ Zviv gvbeZvi †mevi
`vwqZ¡I cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx G `„óvšÍI †ck K‡i †h, ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi cÿ †_‡K
Rb‡mev I RbKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡Ri AvkvI RbM‡Yi Kiv DwPZ| G e¨vcv‡i Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx me©cÖ_g
wenv‡ii mv¤úÖ`vwqK nv½vgvq Ges c‡i cvÄv‡ei mv¤úÖ`vwqK nv½vgvq cÖksmbxq KvR K‡i| gymwjg I
Agymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ ïay gvbeZvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K RvgvqvZKgx©MY Rxe‡bi SuywK wb‡q wKfv‡e `v½v-Dc`ªæZ
GjvKvq K‡qK gvm hver Rb‡mevi KvR K‡i Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY G MÖ‡š  BZtc~‡e© GjvKvq K‡qK gvm
hver Rb‡mevi KvR K‡i Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY G MÖ‡š  BwZc~‡e© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci †`k wefv‡Mi ci
gynvwRi K¨v¤ú¸‡jv‡Z K‡qK gvm hver Rvgvqv‡Zi Rb‡mevg~jK KvR G K_vB cÖgvwYZ K‡i †h, RvgvqvZ
GKwU Rb‡mevg~jK cÖwZôvb Ges Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ RbKj¨v‡Yi M¨vivw›U|
ev‡iv `dv Av‡jvP¨ welq
GLb wKQz Av`wk©K Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvK, hv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y © Ges G Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K G K_v ejv †h‡Z
cv‡i †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Avgv‡ì hy‡Mi Ggb GKwU Av`wk©K MYZvwš¿K ivR‣bwZK `j, hv cvðv‡Zï
AvaywbK MYZvwš¿K ag©nxb ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jv †_‡K GKev‡i wfbœ ai‡bi| Zvi wewfbœZvi wewfbœ w`K
i‡q‡Q GR‡b¨ †m m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q|
mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i aviYv I †Ljvd‡Zi gZev`
MYZvwš¿K ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ_g cÖkœ n‡jv mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i (Sovereignty)| RbMY‡K MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi `vb
Ges GKbvqK‡Z¡i Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ G cÖkœ D‡VwQj| wKš‧ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx RbM‡Yi
mve©‡f․gZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡i bv| Zvi `„wó‡Z AvBbvbyM mve©‡f․gZ¡ ïaygvÎ †mB mËvi-whwb wek¦cÖK…wZ I gvbe
RvwZi mªóv| G wK K‡i m¤¢e †h, †h gvbyl gvby‡li mªóvI bq Ges cÖwZcvjKI bq, †m Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li
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wewfbœ †kªYx‡Z wef³| †Kv_vI MYZ‡š¿i bv‡g RbM‡Yi mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i eywj AvIov‡bv nq| wKš‧ mvaviYZ
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cÖwZwbwa Zvi Awaevmx‡ì Awc©Z †Ljvd‡Zi AwaKvi Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡e| Rvgvqv‡Z
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n‡Z n‡e| Øx‡bi AvnKv‡gi Dci Avgj Kivi e¨vcv‡i mK‡ji †P‡q AMÖmi n‡e Ges Zvi Rxeb †Kvb
Ae¯ v‡ZB †Lv`v I im~‡ji wkÿvi `„wó‡Z mwVK gv‡bi wb‡P n‡e bv| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi MVbZš¿ Abyhvqx
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Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi †evakw³, mwVK AwfgZ e¨³ Kivi †hvM¨Zv, cwiYvg- `wk©Zv (Zv`veŸyi), wm×všÍ
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msL¨vMwi‡ôi g‡Z| msL¨vMwiôZv Gfv‡e wbY©q KivI fzj †h, RbgZ AmsL¨ As‡k wef³ nIqvi ci
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Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zvi msMVb‡K kwiq‡Zi gh©v`v w`‡q †i‡L‡Q| A_©vr G msMV‡bi wbqg-k„•Ljv †g‡b
Pjv Kgx©‡ì kiqx dih e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| G AvbyMZ¨‡K mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k (Avgi wej gvÕiƒd) Gi
kZ©vaxb K‡i Zv‡K AwaKZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr AvbyMZ¨ ïay mr Kv‡Ri R‡b¨| Amr Kv‡Ri
R‡b¨ bq| d‡j Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖ‡Z¨K Kgx© Zvi cÖwZwU KvR‡K Øxwb cÖ‡qvRb, mIqv‡ei KvR Ges
Acwinvh© g‡b K‡i| wbqg-k„•Ljv Kvh©Ki Kivi R‡b¨ G Ggb myweavRbK cš v, hv Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx
Aej¤^b K‡i‡Q| †h‡nZz Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi msMÖvg Øxb cÖwZôviB msMÖvg, †m R‡b¨ Zvi cÖwZwU KvRB
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we‡e‡Ki AvnŸv‡b Rvgvqv‡Zi KvR K‡i hv‡Z †m Av‡Liv‡Z cÖwZ`vb I mIqve †_‡K ewÂZ bv nq Ges
Aciw`‡K †m msMV‡bi wbqg-k„•Ljv K‡VviZvi mv‡_ †g‡b P‡j hv‡Z K‡i kwiq‡Zi k„•Ljv f½ K‡i
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Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi I MYZvwš¿K `j¸‡jvi mfvcwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
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AZGe, G Rvgvqv‡Zi Avgxi Zuvi GK kiqx gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| mr Kv‡R Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ GKwU mIqv‡ei
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G R‡b¨ KvR Ki‡Z I wb‡Z Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi †h my‡hvM-myweav jvf K‡ib Zv Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji
mfvcwZ jvf K‡ib bv|
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Ab¨vq-AwePv‡iiB nvwZqvi n‡q c‡o| Avjøvgv BKevj h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb-
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Z ivn& RvwZ n¨vq †PswMhx
Øxb ev ag©‡K ivRbxwZ †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i ivL‡j Zvi Aek¨¤¢vex cwiYwZ GB nq †h, gvbemgv‡R †PswMhx
ee©iZvi ivRZ¡B Pj‡Z _v‡K| ag©‡K ivRbxwZ †_‡K ev ivRbxwZ‡K ag© †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i eZ©gvb `ywbqvi
†PswMh nvjvKzi `j gvbe RvwZ‡K Pig ee©iZvi wkKv‡i cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi AwfgZ GB †h, GUvB †gvÿg mZ¨ †h, Øxb Bmjvg GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb wn‡m‡e
gvbe Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I wefvM‡K cwi‡eób K‡i Av‡Q| Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kvb wefvM †bB, hv Øx‡bi
wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i|
G w`K w`‡q Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Ges Ab¨vb¨ ivR‣bwZK `‡ji g‡a¨ my¯úó cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|
RvZxqZvi aviYv
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wfwËK RvZxqZv‡K åvšÍ g‡b K‡i| †m ïay Av`k© wfwËK RvZxqZvq wek¦vmx, †m Bmjvg †_‡KB RvZxqZvi
aviYv MÖnY K‡i| G aviYvi Aax‡b gymjgvb RvwZ weivU Rbkw³ AR©b K‡iwQj| †h me jÿ¨ †KvwU gvbe
mšÍvb Ab¨vb¨ RvwZi g‡a¨ Rb¥MÖnY K‡i Ges wewfbœ eY©, esk, †MvÎ I AÂ‡ji mv‡_ mswkøó wQj, gymjgvb
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cwiYZ K‡i| GB Av`k© wfwËK RvZxqZvB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi RvZxqZvi aviYvi eywbqv`| Bmjvgx
RvZxqZv Rb¥f‚wgi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv, Av`‡k©i Dci K‡i| `ywbqvi †h †Kvb e¨w³ G Av`k© MÖnY K‡i †h
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d‡j Bmjvg ïay Zv‡ì RvZxqZvi GKUv wPý ¯îƒc i‡q †M‡Q| G ïaygvÎ gymjgvb‡ì cwiwPwZi Kv‡R
Av‡m| gymjgvb‡ì AwaKvsk ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jv Bmjvg‡K GKUv e¨w³MZ e¨vcvi, GKUv RxY© eskxq
aviYv Ges GKUv wbR¯^ agx©q cÖeYZvi wb`k©K g‡b K‡i Ges mvaviYZ Zv‡K ivR‣bwZK Kg©KvÐ †_‡K
c„_K K‡i ivLv cQ›` K‡i| wKš‧ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Bmjv‡gi Av‡›`vjbmyjf aviYv †ck K‡i| †m
Bmjvg‡K GKUv ms¯‥vig~jK ivR‣bwZK Ges cÖPviagx© Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e my¯úó K‡i Zz‡j a‡i, hv Zvi
wb‡Ri g‡a¨ GKUv •ecøweK aviYv Ges GKUv ivRbxwZ I iv‡óªi gZev` †cvlY K‡i| †m R‡b¨ Rvgvqv‡Z
Bmjvgx Bmjvg‡KB Zvi mKj ivR‣bwZK wm×v‡šÍi eywbqv` e‡j MY¨ K‡i| ZviB Av‡jv‡K †m Zvi mKj
ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK, e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK KvRKg© mgvav K‡i| †m e‡j †h, †m Bmjvg‡K GKwU
Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i ùvwo‡q‡Q Ges Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z gh©v`vB GB †h, gymjgvb Zv‡K GKUv
Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iB gq`v‡b DËxY© n‡e| Zvici mgMÖ Kzdix `ywbqv‡K Zvi w`‡K `vIqvZ †`‡e|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cÖ_g ch©v‡q Zvi mgv‡Ri mKj wµqvKg© e¨w³MZ †nvK A_ev mvgvwRK Bmjv‡gi
AvIZvfz³ Ki‡Z Pvq Ges wØZxq ch©v‡q †m mgMÖ `ywbqv‡K Gw`‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvq, RvgvqvZ Zvi Kg©m~Px‡K
Avcb Rb¥f‚wgi mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨B mxwgZ g‡b K‡i bv| eiÂ Zvi Kg©‡ÿÎ n‡”Q mgMÖ gvbe RMr| †m
mgvR‡K ejc~e©K wb‡Ri mc‡ÿ Avbvi cwie‡Z© eywS‡q m¤§Z K‡i wb‡Ri mv‡_ wgwjZ Kivi †Póv K‡i|
Zvi cÖviw¤¢K cÖKvkfw½(Approach) hyw³ev‡ì (Rationalism) wfwË‡Z n‡q _v‡K|
†g․wjK AwaKv‡ii aviYv
MYZ‡š¿i R‡b¨ msMÖvgKvix mKj ivR‣bwZK `j bvwMiK‡ì R‡b¨ e‡ov cuvPwU †g․wjK AwaKvi msiÿ‡Yi
wbðqZv †NvlYv K‡i (Lv`¨, e¯¿, M„n, wkÿv I wPwKrmv)| wKš‧ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Bmjvg cÖ`Ë GKzkwU
†g․wjK AwaKvi bvMwiKMY‡K †`qvi †NvlYv K‡i| G me AwaKvi KziAvb I nv`x‡mi `„wó‡Z †P․Ïk eQi
Av‡M gvbyl‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q| A_P gvÎ K‡qK eQi Av‡M BD‡ivc A‡bK MYZvwš¿K msMÖv‡gi ci †h
†g․wjK AwaKvi Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zvi msL¨v g~jZ cuvPwU|
cÿvšÍ‡i Bmjvg mKj bvMwiK‡K †h AwaKvi w`‡q‡Q Zvn‡jv-
(1) Rxe‡bi wbivcËvi AwaKvi, (2) AÿgZv I `ye©jZv †_‡K iÿYv‡eÿY, (3) bvixi gh©v`v msiÿY, (4)
A_©‣bwZK wbivcËv, (5) mywePvi, (6) mr Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Ges Amr Kv‡R Amn‡hvwMZv (7) mvg¨ A_©vr
AvB‡bi †Pv‡L mK‡ji mgvb AwaKvi, (8) cvc †_‡K weiZ _vKvi AwaKvi, (9) Rv‡j‡gi AvbyMZ¨
A¯^xKvi Kivi AwaKvi, (10) ivR‣bwZK wµqvKjv‡c AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi, (11) ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi,
(12) gvwjKvbvi msiÿY, (13) gvb-m¤§v‡bi wbivcËv, (14) e¨w³ Rxe‡bi wbivcËv, (15) Ab¨v‡qi
weiæ‡× we‡ÿvf cÖ`k©‡bi AwaKvi, (16) we‡eK I wek¦v‡mi ¯^vaxbZv (17) gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, (18)
g‡bi Dci AvNvZ †_‡K wbivcËv, (19) mfv-m‡¤§j‡bi AwaKvi, (20) A‡bï K‡g©i `vwqZ¡ †_‡K gy³
_vKvi AwaKvi, (21) mvÿ¨`vb‡K n¯Í‡ÿc MÖnY †_‡K msiÿY|
gymjgvb bvMwiK‡ì Dc‡iv³ mgy`q AwaKvi Agymwjg bvMwiK †fvM Ki‡e| Dciš‧ Agymwjg bvMwiK
AwZwi³ wKQz †g․wjK AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e, h_v (1) Zv‡ì iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi AwaKvi, (2) e¨w³MZ e¨vcv‡i
¯^vaxbZv, (3) agx©q wµqvKg© Kivi AwaKvi I Dcvmbvj‡qi msiÿY, (4) ivR¯^ Av`v‡q we‡kl myweav`vb
Ges (5) mvgwiK Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K wb®‥…wZ|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx bvMwiK‡ì Dc‡iv³ †g․wjK AwaKv‡ii K_vB †NvlYv K‡i|
kvmb eë¯ v I miKvi cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i cv_©K¨
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Ges Ab¨vb¨ MYZvwš¿K ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †g․wjK cv_©K¨ Avi GKwU GB †h,
cÖ_‡gv³ `j †`‡ki mgMÖ eë¯ v‡KB cwieZ©b Ki‡Z Pvq Ges †k‡lv³ `j¸‡jv H eë¯ v‡KB fv‡jvfv‡e
Pvjvevi Kg©m~wP wb‡q gq`v‡b bv‡g| Gme ivR‣bwZK `j cÖPwjZ eë¯ vq wb‡R‡ì ¯ vb K‡i †bqvi R‡b¨
Ges ÿgZv wbR nv‡Z MÖnY Kivi R‡b¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| A_©vr Zviv ïay ÿgZvi nvZ e`j Ki‡Z Pvq|
†h‡nZz Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cÖPwjZ eë¯ v‡K åvšÍ Ges gvby‡li R‡b¨ AKj¨vYKi g‡b K‡i, †m R‡b¨ Zv‡K
cwieZ©b K‡i Ab¨ GKwU Kj¨vYKi mvgvwRK eë¯ v Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq| GUvB weivU †g․wjK cv_©K¨, hv
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Ges Ab¨vb¨ ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb| G Kvi‡YB Ab¨vb¨ `j¸‡jv G
mgv‡RB †iwW‡gW †bZv, Kgx©, e³v I †fvUvi †c‡q hvq| Ab¨w`‡K Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡K eû mva¨ mvabvi
ci Gme wb‡Ri R‡b¨ ¯^qs •Zix Ki‡Z nq| Zv‡ì gb-gw¯Í¯‥, PwiÎ I AvPvi-AvPi‡Y cwieZ©b m~wPZ
K‡i wb‡R‡ì Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j| †gvUK_v, MYAv‡›`vj‡b Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi c_ GKUv •ah© I
mnbkxjZv Ges my`xN© msMÖv‡gi c_|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi weiæ‡× KwZcq

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awf‡hvM
KziAvb I mybœvni Av‡jv‡K Bmjvg‡K gvbeRxe‡bi R‡b¨ GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi
msKí wb‡q Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx gq`v‡b G‡m‡Q| mvaviYZ ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi jÿ¨ n‡q _v‡K wKQz
AvswkK ms¯‥vi-ms‡kvab| wKš‧ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Kg©m~wP G ai‡bi †Kvb AvswkK KvR Kiv bq| eiÂ
Zvi Av‡›`vjb cwic~Y© Bmjvg‡K wb‡q| gymjgvb‡ì Kv‡Q Avengvb Kvj †_‡K G mZ¨ me©Rb ¯^xK…Z †h,
Bmjvg GKwU cwic~Y© Rxeb weavb Ges Zv ev¯ÍevwqZ Kiv †MvUv gymwjg D¤§vni dih ev Acwinvh© KZ©e¨|
Aek¨ ivR‣bwZK gq`v‡b G †Zgb †Kvb we¯§qKi e¨vcvi bq †h, hLb †Kvb GKwU `j †Kvb `vIqvZ I
gZev` †ck K‡i, ZLb Zvi weiæ‡× mgv‡jvPbv I cÖwZev‡ì So m„wó K‡i Zv‡K m‡›`n I mskqc~Y© e‡j
MY¨ Kiv nq| AZGe, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Zvi cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K G ai‡bi mgv‡jvPbvi m¤§yLxb n‡q
Avm‡Q| GUv ¯^vfvweK †h, †Kvb `j mgv‡Ri mvg‡b Zvi `vIqvZ †ck Kivi d‡j Dchy©cwi G ai‡bi
mgv‡jvPbvi m¤§yLxb nq|
Gme mgv‡jvPbv I cÖwZev` ag© I †dKvn msµvšÍ wel‡qI Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges ivR‣bwZK I mvgvwRK
wel‡qI| ag© I †dKvn msµvšÍ welq¸‡jv Avgv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi ewnf~©Z| G R‡b¨ GLv‡b ïay Hme
mgv‡jvPbv I cÖwZev‡ì welq¸‡jvB Av‡jvP¨, hv ivR‣bwZK I mvgvwRK ai‡bi|
RvgvqvZ GK bZzb ivR‣bwZK cÖwZcÿ
gymjgvb‡ì KwZcq `j g‡b K‡i ivR‣bwZK gq`v‡b Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GKwU bZzb cÖwZcÿ RvgvqvZ
wn‡m‡e mvg‡b G‡m‡Q Ges GLb †m Zv‡ì mv‡_ cÖwZØw›ØZvi msKí †cvlY K‡i| evn¨Z †Kvb `‡ji
ivR‣bwZK gq`v‡b AvMg‡bi cðv‡Z G D‡Ïk¨ Qvov Avi †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ n‡Z cv‡i? d‡j cÖwZcÿ
`j¸‡jvi Dc‡iv³ Avk¼v AwZ ¯^vfvweK| wKš‧ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx G Kv‡jB Zvi †h `„wófw½ ev Ae¯ vb
(Stand) we‡kølY K‡i‡Q Zvn‡jv GB †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx †Kvb we‡kl `‡ji we‡ivax bq| †m‡Zv ïay
†mB Rxeb eë¯ vi we‡ivax, hv †Lv`vi AvbyM‡Zï cwie‡Z© Ab¨ †Kvb kvmb-KZ…©‡Z¡i AvbyMZ¨ Ges †Lv`vi
AvBb-Kvbyb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb-Kvby‡bi evavwb‡l‡ai Dci cÖwZwôZ| Zvi msMÖvg †Kvb `‡ji weiæ‡×
bq, ïay evwZj eë¯ vi weiæ‡×| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ G Qvov Avi wKQz bq †h, gvbe mf¨Zv-ms¯‥…wZi †MvUv
AvbyMZ¨ eë¯ v evwZ‡ji wfwËmg~‡ni Dci †_‡K mwi‡q e‡›`Mxi eywbqv‡ì Dci cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †m
GKwU wek¦Rbxb gZev` I jÿ¨ †cvlY K‡i| †m R‡b¨ †Kvb GKwU wewkó f~L‡Ð A_ev †Kvb mxwgZ
Rbc‡` ÿz`ª ÿz`ª ¯ vbxq Ges mvgwqK D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji R‡b¨ mwµq `j¸‡jv‡K †m Zvi cÖwZcÿ g‡b K‡i
bv, Zvi cÖwZØ›ØxI g‡b K‡i bv| Zvi cÖwZcÿ hw` †KD _v‡K, Zv n‡j Zv n‡”Q `ywbqvi †mB †MvUv Rxeb
c×wZ, hv gvbe iwPZ AvB‡bi Dci Pj‡Q|
mZ¨ wK ïay Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡a¨B mxwgZ?
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx m¤ú‡K© G aviYvI Kiv nq †h, hviv RvgvqvZ †_‡K c„_K i‡q‡Q RvgvqvZ Zv‡ì‡K
mZ¨ †_‡K `~‡i Ges c_åó g‡b K‡i|
G Awf‡hv‡Mi Rev‡e Rvgvqv‡Zi cÿ †_‡K my¯úó K‡i ejv nq †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ H wbw`©ó
`jxq msMV‡bi w`‡K bq hv‡K Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx bv‡g Kv‡qg Kiv n‡q‡Q| eiÂ Zvi `vIqvZ ZvInx` I
†imvjv‡Zi AvKx`vn-wek¦vm I H j‡ÿï w`‡K, hv Avjøvn Zvqvjv‡K Avcb ev`kvn Ges im~j‡K (mt)
Avcb ev`kv‡ni cÖwZwbwa e‡j ¯^xKvi Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B Acwinvh©iƒ‡c cÖwZwU gymjgv‡bi jÿ¨ e‡j MY¨
nq| RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv e‡jb, Avgiv ïay GZUzKz PvB †h, hgx‡bi Dci †Lv`vi †bK ev›`vn‡ì Ggb †Kvb
RvgvqvZ msMwVZ †nvK hv Ab¨vb¨ mKj D‡Ïk¨, †PóvPwiÎ I Kg©ZrciZv D‡cÿv K‡i H GKwU gvÎ
AvKx`vni w`‡K `ywbqv‡K `vIqvZ †`‡e Ges H GKwU jÿ¨ nvwm‡ji R‡b¨ msMÖvg Ki‡Z `Ðvqgvb n‡e| G
ai‡bi †Kvb RvgvqvZ hw` we`¨gvb _vK‡Zv, Zv n‡j Ah_v RvgvqvZ MV‡bi Avgv‡ì †KvbB cÖ‡qvRb
n‡Zv bv|
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Giƒc †Kvb RvgvqvZ hw` _vK‡Zv, Zv n‡j †m Rvgvqv‡Zi mv‡_ mswkøó n‡Z Avgv‡ì
KL‡bv †Kvb AvcwË _vK‡Zv bv| wKš‧ G ai‡bi †Kvb RvgvqvZ hLb Avgv‡ì bR‡i co‡jv bv hv
Mvqiæjøvni KZ…©Z¡-cÖfzZ¡‡K eyw×e„wËK w`K w`‡q Ges Kvh©Z åvšÍ cÖwZcbœ K‡i Avjøvni cÖfzZ¡ -KZ…©Z¡ I kvmb
cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ msMÖvg Kiv‡K wb‡Ri GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨ e‡j MÖnY K‡i‡Q, ZLb Avgiv eva¨ n‡q GKwU
RvgvqvZ MV‡bi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kwi| mZ¨ K_v GB †h, hw` G ai‡bi `kwU RvgvqvZI n‡q hvq hv‡ì
AvKx`vn I jÿ¨ GB n‡e, wKš‧ msMVb wewfbœ n‡e, Zvn‡j Zv‡ZI †Kvb †`vl †bB| G gnvb I mZ¨
Kv‡Ri †L`g‡Zi R‡b¨ Ab¨ †Kvb `j Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf Ki‡j Zvi mv‡_ Avgiv mš‧ówP‡Ë mn‡hvwMZv Kie|
Avi hw` †m `‡ji MVb-c×wZ I Zvi Kg©KZ©v‡ì‡K Avgiv AwaKZi †bK I mr cvB, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì G
c„_K msMVb‡K †f‡O w`‡q Zvi g‡a¨ wg‡k †h‡Z Avgiv †gv‡UI KzwÉZ n‡ev bv- (m¤úv`Kxq ÔZRy©gvbyj
KziAvbÕ LÐ 19, msL¨v cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq)|
Øxb Bmjvg‡K Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv
KwZcq nhiZ G Awf‡hvMI K‡ib †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôvZv BD‡ivcxq †`k¸‡jvi ivR‣bwZK I
A_©‣bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡Zv Bmjvg‡K GK Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e †ck K‡i‡Qb- hv Bmjv‡gi †ghvR-cÖK…wZ
†_‡K wfbœ| G R‡b¨ †h, Bmjvg †Zv n‡”Q gb I w`‡ji ZvhwKqv (AvZ¥ïw×) I Avjøvni mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i
bvg| Zv‡K Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv G‡Kev‡i evovevwo, †hgb k~iv m`m¨‡ì cvj©v‡g›U ejv fzj| G
R‡b¨ k~ivi •ewkó¨ cvj©v‡g›U †_‡K c„_K|
RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv Gi e¨vL¨v cÖm‡½ e‡jb, ZvR`x` cybiæÌvb, cybR©vMiY ev bevqb) Ges ZvRvÏy`
(bZzbZ¡- Novelty) Gi †g․wjK cv_©K¨ GB †h, ZvR`x` cÖ‡Z¨K hy‡MB †h me mZ¨ gg©K_v Avengvb Kvj
†_‡K P‡j Avm‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K Avcb hy‡Mi fvlvq, Avcb hy‡Mi gb-gvbwmKZv I cÖ‡qvR‡bi m‡_
msMwZkxj K‡i †ck K‡i| Aciw`‡K ZvRvÏy` (Novelty) Avcb hy‡Mi †dZbv-AbvPv‡ii Øviv cÖfvweZ
n‡q H me mZ¨ gg©K_vi ms‡kvabxi (Amendment) R‡b¨ cÖ¯‧Z n‡q c‡o| Avwg hw` Gme nhi‡Zi
Kv‡Q ZvRvÏy` Kivi Aciv‡a Acivax nB, Zvn‡j Zviv Avgv‡K wbw`©ó K‡i e‡j w`b †Kv_vq, †Kvb ¯ v‡b
Øx‡bi gg©‡K Avwg cwieZ©b (Amend) K‡iwQ| †Kvb ¯ v‡b Pzj cwigvY Avwg cwieZ©b K‡iwQ e‡j Zuviv
hw` e‡j w`‡Z cv‡ib Avi Avwg hw` Zvi †_‡K ZIev bv Kwi, Zvn‡j Avgvi †P‡q e‡ov ¸bvnMvi I hv‡jg
Avi †KD n‡e bv| Avi Zuv‡ì mKj Am‡šÍv‡li KviY hw` GB nq †h, Avwg cyivZb I kvk¦Z mZ¨‡K
cÖKvk Kivi R‡b¨ bZzb bZzb kãvejx I bZzb eY©bvfw½ Aej¤^b K‡iwQ Ges Zv‡K eZ©gvb hy‡Mi gb-
gvbwmKZv I cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ msMwZkxj K‡i †ck K‡iwQ, Zv n‡j Zuviv ejyb †h, ZvRÏx‡` Øx‡bi
†PóvPwiÎ huviv K‡i‡Qb- Zuviv †Kvb Kv‡j G Aciva K‡ib wb Ges G Aciva wK ¯^qs G Awf‡hvMKvix
nhiZMYI Ki‡Qb bv?
Av‡›`vjb kãwU †h A‡_© Avwg eënvi Kwi Zvi R‡b¨ Ab¨ †Kvb kã Avwg cvB bv, hv eZ©gvb hy‡Mi
RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Zvi GKUv wPÎ Gu‡K w`‡Z cv‡i| wKQzKvj †_‡K ag©‡K G A‡_©B mxwgZ K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q
†h, G wKQz wek¦vm I wµqvK‡g©i mgwó, hv cvjb Ki‡j Ava¨vwZ¥K DbœwZ A_ev g„Zzï ci bvRvZ Avkv Kiv
hvq| AvRKvj G A‡_©B †jv‡K e‡j †h, ag© GKwU e¨w³MZ e¨vcvi| Av‡e` I gvÕey` ev gvbyl I †Lv`vi
g‡a¨ GKUv cÖvB‡fU m¤úK© gvÎ| mvgvwRK I ivóªxq eë¯ vi mv‡_ Zvi wK m¤úK©? G fzj aviYv `~i Kivi
R‡b¨ Avwg Bmjv‡gi R‡b¨ Øx‡bi mv‡_ Av‡›`vjb kã AwaKvsk mg‡q eënvi K‡i _vwK|
GKvg‡Z Øx‡bi aviYv GKUv cvMjvwg
KwZcq mnvbyf‚wZkxj mgv‡jvPK e‡jb, Rvgvqv‡Zi KvR †h mIqv‡ei KvR Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB| wKš‧ Øxb
Kv‡qg Kivi aviYv †Zv cvMjvwg gvÎ| G ai‡bi K_v gyL †_‡K †ei K‡i wK jvf? †h e„wUk mvgªv‡R¨ m~h©
A¯ÍwgZ nq bv, hvi GKUv Av½y‡ji Bkvivq Biv‡bi ZvLZ I ZvR a~wjmvr n‡Z cv‡i, G me cvMj‡ì
LZg Ki‡Z Zv‡ì KZUzKz mgq jvM‡e?
Gi Rev‡e Rvgvqv‡Zi cÿ †_‡K ejv nq, Gi A_© †Zv GB n‡jv †h, h‡Zvw`b Kzdi kw³kvjx _vK‡e Ges
evwZj weRqx I kvmb-KZ…©‡Z¡i AwaKvix _vK‡e, Z‡Zvw`b n‡Ki Kv‡jgv eyj›` Kivi KvR gyjZex ivL‡Z
n‡e| Avi Øxb‡K weRqx Kivi cÖv_wgK cÖ¯‧wZI Kiv hv‡e bv| Aek¨ Kzdi ¯^qs bwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡e Ges
evwZj cÖvYnxb n‡q Avcbv-Avcwb aivkvqx n‡Z _vK‡e Avi ÿgZv †Kvb †bK `‡ji nv‡Z Avm‡e ZLb
gvÎ Gme ÔGev‡` mv‡jnxbÕ (†bK ev›`vnMY) Avjøvni Kv‡jgv eyj›` Kivi Ges G Øxb‡K weRqx Kivi
R‡b¨ gv‡V bvg‡eb| we‡eK, Ávb, eyw× I ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi w`K w`‡q cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G AwfgZ wK mwVK? G
bxwZi wfwË‡Z †Kvb `j †Kvb Kv‡j wK KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv! mvnvev‡q †Kivg (ivt) hw` G dgy©jv †g‡b
Pj‡Zb, Zvn‡j Bmjv‡gi cqMvg g°vi cvnvocy‡Äi g‡a¨B mxwgZ n‡q _vK‡Zv- Zvi †_‡K m¤§y‡L AMÖmi
n‡Z cvi‡Zv bv|
Rvgvqv‡Zi evB‡i wK Bmjvg †bB?
Rvgvqv‡Zi MVbZ‡š¿ ZvR`x‡` Cgvb I kc_ MÖnY kã¸‡jv †`‡L wKQz †jvK G m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡ib †h,
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Ab¨vb¨ gymjgvb‡K, hviv Rvgvqv‡Zi evB‡i i‡q‡Q, gywgb gymjgvb g‡b K‡i bv|
G fzj aviYvi Rev‡e Rvgvqv‡Zi cÿ †_‡K ejv nq †h, Gi †P‡q åvšÍ aviYv I evovevwo Avi wKQz n‡Z
cv‡i bv| G ZvR`x‡` Cgv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ïay GB †h, Cgvb Avbvi Ges AšÍi †_‡K ey‡S-my‡S ZvInx` I
†imvjv‡Zi mvÿ¨`v‡bi ci †h `vwqZ¡ GKRb gywg‡bi Dci G‡m c‡o Zv bZzb K‡i m‡ZR K‡i †`qv|
Avi Gme fv‡jvfv‡e g‡b e×g~j Kivi ciB GKRb G Rvgvqv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| cÖ‡e‡ki kZ©B n‡”Q H
me `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi kc_ MÖnY| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G n‡”Q A‡evaMg¨ Bmjvg †_‡K †evaMg¨ Bmjv‡gi w`‡K
GKUv ev¯Íe c`‡ÿc|
ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv jv‡fi jvjmv
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi mgv‡jvPKMY G K_vI e‡jb †h, Rvgvqv‡Zi jÿ¨ n‡”Q ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv `Lj Kiv|
K_v‡K AvKl©Yxq Kivi R‡b¨ ïay Bmjv‡gi bvg †bqv nq| Rvgvqv‡Zi cÿ †_‡K Zvi mvwnZ¨vejx‡Z Gi
we¯ÍvwiZ Reve †`qv nq| ejv nq †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi jÿ¨ ûKzg‡Z Bjvwnqv Kv‡qg Kiv| Gi g‡a¨
Ges wbQK ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv AR©‡bi g‡a¨ AvKvkcvZvj cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| ûKzg‡Z Bjvwnqv cÖwZôvi A_©
ûeû ZvB,
Øviv KziAvb †h A_© eywS‡q‡Q|
G Kv‡iv ¯^K‡cvjKwíZ jÿ¨ bq, eiÂ Avjøvn Zvqvjv G jÿ¨‡KB Zuvi bex †cÖi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ e‡j MY¨
K‡i‡Qb| GUv‡K jÿ¨ evbv‡bv‡K hw` Awfhy³ Kiv nq, Zvn‡j Awf‡hvMKvix‡ì wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ †h, Kvi
cÖwZ Zuviv Awf‡hvM Ki‡Qb|
e¨w³ ms¯‥v‡ii cwie‡Z© mgwói ms¯‥v‡ii Dci AwaK ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡”Q
†Kvb †Kvb gnj †_‡K RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv m¤ú‡K© G K_v ejv nq †h, wZwb ïay Bmjv‡gi mvgwóK
ivR‣bwZK eë¯ vi Dci wek¦vm iv‡Lb, Zuvi `„wó‡Z e¨w³ ms¯‥v‡ii †Kvb ¸iæZ¡ †bB|
G Awf‡hv‡Mi Rev‡e RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv e‡jb, Zuvi `„wó‡ZI Avmj wRwbm e¨w³i cwic~Y© ms¯‥vi|
mvgwóK mvgvwRK ms¯‥vi Avcb ¯ v‡b evwÃZ bq, eiÂ e¨w³i ms¯‥v‡i mnvqK wn‡m‡e evwÃZ| G R‡b¨
†h, KziAv‡bi fvlvq †Lv`vi Kv‡Q cÖwZwU gvbyl e¨w³MZfv‡e wRÁvwmZ n‡e|
AZtci wZwb cwi®‥vi K‡i e‡jb, Zuvi †jLbxi g‡a¨ wbtm‡›`‡n mvgvwRKZvi Dci †Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q|
Zvi KviY GB †h, AZx‡Zi Av‡jgMY mvaviYZ •bwZKZv I Bev`‡Zi e¨w³MZ w`KB †ck K‡i‡Qb Ges
mvgwóK •bwZKZvi w`‡K Lye KgB g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb G Afve c~iY Kivi wm×všÍ K‡i‡Qb| Zvi
KviY GB †h, cvðv‡Zï mvgvwRK eë¯ v Zvi mvwnZ¨ I msMV‡bi gva¨‡g G‡Zv kw³kvjx n‡q `ywbqvq
Qwo‡q c‡o †h, e¨w³MZfv‡e mwVK AvKx`vn-m¤úbœ gymjgvbI Zvi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡Z _v‡K| wZwb Øx‡bi
†L`gZ GUvB g‡b K‡ib †h, †h w`K I wefv‡Mi Dci Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ cÖ_g †_‡KB h‡_ó cwigv‡Y mg„×
n‡q Av‡Q Zv ewa©Z Kivi cwie‡Z© Hw`KwU c~iY Kiv hvK, †h w`‡K AZx‡Zi mieivnK…Z mvwnZ¨ AcÖZzj|
†Kvb Afve c~iY Kiv `~lYxq n‡Z cv‡i bv| AZx‡Zi ehyM©v‡bi g‡aÏ Ggb eû `„óvšÍ cvIqv hvq †h,
wb‡R‡ì hy‡M †h †dZbv‡K Zuviv AwaKZi KwVb g‡b K‡i‡Qb, Zvi gyKvwejvi R‡b¨ Zuviv AwaK kw³
cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi w_Iµ¨vwmi (Theocracy) cZvKvevnx
jv‡nv‡ii ÔcqMv‡g nKÕ-G GKRb †j‡Lb †h, gvIjvbvi Bmjvgx iv‡óªi aviYvi eywbqv`x `„wó‡KvY GB †h,
miKvi‡K RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e bv| cÖKvk _v‡K †h, G g~jbxwZ HwZnvwmK w`K w`‡q
evbv‡bv nqwb| BD‡iv‡c wKQzKvj †_‡K w_‡qvµ¨vwmi bv‡g G gZev‡ì PP©v nq Ges †iv‡g cÖavb †cv‡ci
kvmb G aviYviB dj|
Gi Rev‡e RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv gI`~`x e‡jb, BD‡ivc †h w_‡qvµ¨vwmi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Bmjvgx
w_‡qvµ¨vwm Zvi †_‡K m¤ú~Y© c„_K| BD‡ivc Ggb w_‡qvµ¨vwmi mv‡_ cwiwPZ, hvi g‡a¨ GKwU we‡kl
agx©q †Mvôx †Lv`vi bv‡g Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì iwPZ AvBb Kvh©Ki Ki‡Zv Ges Kvh©Z wb‡R‡ìB †Lv`vqx
Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡Zv| G ai‡bi miKvi ev kvmb‡K †Lv`vi kvmb ejvi cwie‡Z© kqZv‡bi
kvmb ejv AwaKZi hyw³m½Z n‡e| cÿvšÍ‡i Bmjvg †h w_‡qvµ¨vwm †ck K‡i, Zv †Kvb we‡kl agx©q
†Mvôxi nv‡Z _v‡K bv, gymjgvb Rbmvavi‡Yi nv‡Z _v‡K| Avi G‡K gymjgvb RbMY †Lv`vi †KZve I
im~‡ji mybœvZ Abyhvqx cwiPvjbv K‡i| Avgv‡K hw` †Kvb bZzb cwifvlv eënv‡ii AbygwZ †`qv nq,
Zvn‡j G ai‡bi kvmb‡K Theo Democratic State (†Lv`vqx MYZvwš¿K ivóª) e‡j Avwg AvL¨vwqZ
Ki‡ev| L„÷xq †cvc I cv`ªx‡ì Kv‡Q †Zv nhiZ gmxn (Avt) Gi wKQz •bwZK wkÿv e¨ZxZ †Kvb kixqZ
G‡Kev‡iB wQj bv|
AZGe, Zviv wb‡R‡ì gwR© I cÖe„wËi Awfjvl Abyhvqx AvBb iPbv Ki‡Zv Ges GB e‡j †mme Kvh©Ki
Ki‡Zv †h, Gme †Lv`vi cÿ †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Bmjvg †Zv GKUv mvwe©K kixqZx eë¯ v KziAv‡bi my¯úó
wb‡`©kvejx I mybœv‡Zi my¯úó †n`v‡q‡Zi wfwË‡Z cwic~Y© Rxeb weavb wn‡m‡e `vb K‡i‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨
AvšÍR©vwZK welqvw` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †QvULv‡Uv mKj welq m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©k we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †Kvb
gIjfxi g‡bi Awfjvl cÖ‡ek Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GKwU bZzb †dK©v
wKQz fv‡jv †jvKI G aviYv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j GK bZzb †dK©v
AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡e|
G Avk•¶vi Reve w`‡Z wM‡q RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv e‡jb, Avgiv G e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ m‡PZb hwÌ Avgv‡ì
we‡ivax‡ì G g‡bi evmbv i‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb cÖKv‡i Avgv‡ì cÿ †_‡K fzj n‡q hvK hv‡Z K‡i ms¯‥vi-
ms‡kva‡bi (Bmjvn) Ab¨vb¨ †PóvPwi‡Îi g‡Zv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡PóvI e¨_© n‡q hvK| wKš‧ Avjnvg`y wjjøvn,
Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †m me †ivM †bB hvi Kvi‡Y †dK©vi D™¢e n‡q _v‡K| PviwU Kvi‡Y †dK©vi D™¢e nq| cÖ_g
KviY GB †h, g~j Øx‡bi g‡a¨ Ggb wKQz wRwbm ms‡hvwRZ K‡i †`qv, hv Øx‡bi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb †bB Ges
Zv‡K Cgvb I Kzd‡ii eywbqv` evwb‡q †bqv nq|
wØZxq KviY GB †h, Øx‡bi †Kvb welq‡K Z‡Zv †ekx ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq, †m ¸iæZ¡ KziAvb I mybœv‡Zi `„wó‡Z
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †`qv _v‡K bv| Zvici G welqwU‡K `jv`wji KviY evbv‡bv nq|
Z…Zxq KviY GB †h, BRwZnv`x welq m¤ú‡K© AZ¨waK evovevwo Kiv nq| Zvici Gme welq wb‡q Ab¨
gZvej¤^x‡ì‡K Kv‡di e‡j d‡Zvqv †`qv nq|
PZz_© KviY n‡jv bexi (mt) c‡i Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i Ggb evovevwo Kiv nq †h, Zv‡K †g‡b
†bqv‡K Cgvb I Kzd‡ii eywbqv` evbv‡bv nq| Avjøvn Zvqvjvi †kvKi †h, G PviwUi g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU
fzjI Avgiv Kwiwb| Zvici Avgiv wKfv‡e †dK©vq cwiYZ n‡Z cvwi?
D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wói KviY
G e‡jI Awf‡hvM Kiv nq t hw` †Zvgiv KvR Ki‡Z PvI †Zv Ki| †kl ch©šÍ c„_K GKwU `j evbv‡bvi
cÖ‡qvRbUv wK wQj? KviY, G‡Z †h D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wó Kiv nq|
Gi Reve w`‡Z wM‡q RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv e‡jb, ag©nxb Ges Øx‡bi cwicwš  †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨, ag©nxb ivRbxwZ
Kivi R‡b¨, A‣bmjvgx wkÿvi cÖmviK‡í, gvhnvex `jv`wj‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi R‡b¨, wb‡iU cvw_©e D‡Ï‡k¨
cvðv‡Zï MYZvwš¿K, mgvRZvwš¿K I d¨vwm÷ c×wZ‡Z gymjgvb‡ì AbRygvb A_ev `j MVb Kiv-Gme
Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q AvcwËKi nq bv| wKš‧ Øx‡bi cÖK…Z Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ wbfz©j Øx‡bi g~jbxwZi Dc‡i hw` †Kvb
RvgvqvZ MVb Kiv nq, Zvn‡j nVvr D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wó nq| Gi †_‡K G K_vB cÖKvk n‡q c‡o †h,
Awf‡hvMKvix‡ì Avm‡j AvcwË †Kvb RvgvqvZ MV‡b †bB| AvcwË ïay G R‡b¨ †h, †Kvb RvgvqvZ Øx‡bi
mwZ¨Kvi KvR Kivi R‡b¨ †Kb MVb Kiv n‡jv|
G n‡jv KZK¸‡jv e‡ov e‡ov Awf‡hvM, hv G hy‡M Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi weiæ‡× Kiv nq| RvgvqvZ Zvi
mvwn‡Zï gva¨‡g Gm‡ei ReveI w`‡q‡Q| ZvQvov ¯ vbxqfv‡e mvgwqK Ges eû Av‡R-ev‡R Awf‡hvM Kiv
n‡Z _v‡K, hv mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ¸iæZ¡nxb n‡q c‡o|
cwiwkó-1
GKLvbv cÎ
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ fvi‡Zi 150 Rb †jv‡Ki wbK‡U `vIqvZbvgv cvVv‡bv nq| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨
Ggb A‡bK wQ‡jb huviv `viæj Bmjv‡gi MVbZš¿ I D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ GKgZ n‡q KvR KiwQ‡jb| Ggb
GK e¨w³i Kv‡Q wb‡gœi `vIqvZbvgv cvVv‡bv nq| cÖvcK- Rbve †P․ayix Avãyj Mwb, PK †Mjb, c‡ZvKx,
†Rjv jv‡nvi|
ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb, jv‡nvi

Zvs 7B iRe, wnt 1360
kª‡×q Rbve,
mvjvg gmb~b|
Avcbvi cÎ cv‡V Lykx n‡qwQ †h, Avcwb wKQzKvj hver Avgv‡ì `„wófw½i cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i AvZ¥wb‡qvM
K‡i‡Qb| Avcbvi Kg©cš vI mwVK Ges fv‡jv| GKUz we¯ÍvwiZ wj‡L Rvbvb †h, Avcwb G hver wK KvR
K‡i‡Qb Ges `yÕPvi Rb hv Avcwb •Zix K‡i‡Qb Zuviv †Kgb Ges wK K‡ib| Zuviv Av‡›`vj‡bi R‡b¨
wKfv‡e Dc‡hvMx n‡Z cv‡ib? Avcbvi Ae¯ vI we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv‡eb| †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i
Pj‡eb cÖ‡qvRbxq welq Avcwb BbkvAvjøvn Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
cuwP‡k AvM÷ (cqjv kvÕevb) Avgiv GKwU m‡¤§jb KiwQ| D‡Ïk¨ GB †h, mggbv Cgvb`viMY‡K GKÎ
K‡i Zuv‡ì Ges Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì kw³-mvg_©¨ I †hvM¨Zvi g~j¨vqb K‡i Av‡›`vjb‡K mymsMwVZfv‡e
m¤úÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡e| GLv‡b Avmvi R‡b¨ Avcbv‡K `vIqvZ †`qv n‡”Q, hv‡Z Avcwb Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖ_g
m‡¤§j‡b kixK n‡Z cv‡ib| _vKvi eë¯ v Avgiv Ki‡ev| LvIqv-`vIqvi eë¯ v wb‡RB Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv
Avcbv‡ìB `vwq‡Z¡ iB‡jv|
c‡Îi Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi `vwqZ¡ Avgvi Dc‡i-|
dKxi KvgviæÏxb
cwiwkó-2
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖ_g mvKz©jvi
wemwgjøvwni ivngvwbi ivnxg
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi †h cÖ_g m‡¤§jb wnt 1360 mv‡ji kvÕevb gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n jv‡nv‡ii cyÂ †iv‡W
Aew¯ Z ZRy©gvbyj KzivAv‡bi Awd‡m AbywôZ nq Zvi Kvh©weeiYx GZ`mn cvVv‡bv n‡”Q| G Kvh©weeiYx
mvaviYZ weZi‡Yi R‡b¨ bq| eiÂ Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb‡ì AeMwZi R‡b¨| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯ vbxq RvgvqvZ Awd‡m
Gi `yÕKwc K‡i _vK‡e- GKwU Rvgvqv‡Zi †iK‡W© msiÿ‡Yi R‡b¨ Ges Ab¨wU Rvgvqv‡Zi iæKb‡ì
Aa¨q‡bi R‡b¨| Rvgvqv‡Z cÖ‡ekKvix cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K Ges hviv RvgvqvZ‡K Rvb‡Z Pvq, Zv‡ì‡K
Rvgvqv‡Zi MVbZ‡š¿i mv‡_ G Kvh©weeiYx cwo‡q †`qv djcÖ` n‡e|
KvgviæÏxb Lvb,
bv‡hg msMVb wefvM
cwiwkó-3
GK bR‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m‡¤§jbmg~n
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi msMVb wKQz gReyZ I m¤úÖmvwiZ nIqvi ci 1943 mv‡ji A‡±vei †_‡K 1944
mv‡ji b‡f¤î ch©šÍ PviwU AvÂwjK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| m‡¤§j‡bi ¯ vb¸‡jv `vifvsMv, `viæj Bmjvg,
w`jøx I nvqìvev` kni| (c„t ...)
1945 mv‡j I 1946 mv‡j `ywU wbwLj fviZ m‡¤§jb nq| cÖ_gwU 19-21 †k GwcÖj `viæj Bmjvg Ges
wØZxqwU 5-7B GwcÖj Gjvnvev‡` AbywôZ nq| (c„t 122, 147)
fviZ wefv‡Mi c~‡e© Avi †Kvb wbwLj fviZ m‡¤§jb Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Zvi cwie‡Z© PviwU HwZnvwmK
wefvMxq m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| h_vt
Uzs - 17-1 GwcÖj - 1947 mvj (c„t 178)

gv`ªvR - 25-26 GwcÖj - 1947 mvj (c„t 179)
cvUbv - 25,26 GwcÖj - 1947 mvj (c„t 184)
cvVvb‡KvU - 9-10 †g - 1947 mvj (c„t 190)
cwiwkó-4
ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi wKQz g~jëvb K_v
Avey gynv¤§` gymy‡jn mv‡ne KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb EbwÎk eQi eq¯‥ hyeK Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`x
m¤úv`bvq GK bZzb cÖvY-PvÂj¨ m„wó KiZ gymjgvb‡ì gb-gw¯Í®‥ Av‡jvwoZ K‡i Bmjv‡gi cÖvYešÍ I
ü`qMÖvnx e¨vL¨v †ck Ki‡Z _v‡K|
cÖ_g msL¨vi 3q c„ôvq ejv nq-
ÒBmjvg‡K †mB cÖK…Z Av‡jv‡KB †ck Ki‡Z n‡e, †h Av‡jv‡K KziAvb nvKxg Zv‡K †ck K‡i‡Q|Ó ......
cÂg c„ôvq ejv nq-
Ògymjgvb I Agymjgvb‡K KziAvb Dcjwä Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges H me wØavØ›Ø I m‡›`n-mskq
`~i Ki‡Z n‡e, hv KziAvb gRx` Aa¨q‡bi mg‡q cvV‡Ki g‡b Dw`Z nq|Ó
m¤úv`K gI`~`x wbtms‡Kv‡P Zuvi wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
ÒAvwg G `vex Kwi bv †h, Avgvi †Kvb fyj n‡Z cv‡i bv| n‡Z cv‡i †h, †Kvb welq eyS‡Z Ges Zv cÖKvk
Ki‡Z Avwg fzj K‡i †d‡jwQ| Ggb Ae¯ vq Avwg Avkv Ki‡ev, Avgvi G fzj †hb Avgvi B”QvK…Z e‡j
g‡b Kiv bv nq| eiÂ GUv‡K †hb Avgvi AÁZv Ges Dcjwä kw³i ¯^íZviB KiY g‡b Kiv nq| Zvici
Avn‡j Bj&g& Z_v Bmjvgx gbxlxMY †hb Avgvi ms‡kva‡bi †Póv K‡ib| Avwg G wbðqZv `vb KiwQ †h,
†KDB Avgv‡K fz‡ji Dci AwePj _vKvi g‡Zv nVKvix †`L‡Z cv‡eb bv|Ó
GKv`k c„ôvq wZwb hv †j‡Lb, Zv G‡Kev‡i cvVK‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i|
wZwb e‡jb,
Ò†n`v‡qZ I ¸givnxi inm¨ e‡ov A™¢zZ inm¨| GKB K_v nvRvi R‡bi Kv‡Q ejv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‧ †KD
†mw`‡K KY©cvZ K‡i bv| †KD Ki‡jI †m K_v Zvi KY©Kzn‡ii DcwifvM †_‡KB mU‡K †ewi‡q hvq| †KD
Zv †kv‡b Ges †ev‡SI| wKš‧ gv‡b bv| †KD Zvi cÖksmvI K‡i wKš‧ MÖnY K‡i bv| Avevi Kv‡iv AšÍ‡i †m
K_v ¯ vb K‡i †bq Ges †m Zvi mZ¨Zvi Dci Cgvb Av‡b|
c‡ii c„ôvq Zvi Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v †ck Kiv nq-
GKB e¨w³i cÖwZwµqv Ges Zvi Dci GKB wRwb‡mi cÖfv‡ei aib wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| GKB K_v
GK e¨w³ nvRvi evi ïb‡Q, wKš‧ gvb‡Q bv| wKš‧ GKUv gyn‚Z© GgbI Av‡m †h, nVvr ü`‡qi MÖwš  ev eÜb
G‡Kev‡i Ly‡j hvq| †h K_v Kv‡bi c`©vi Dc‡i AvU‡K i‡q †h‡Zv, Zv G‡Kev‡i †mvRvmywR ü`‡qi Mfx‡i
†c․u‡Q hvq| Zvici †m AevK n‡q e‡j, ÒG K_v †Zv Avwg Av‡MI evi evi ï‡bwQ| wKš‧ AvR G wK n‡jv
†h, G Avcbv-Avcwb ü`‡qi Mfxi cÖ‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q?
Av‡jvPbvi GK ch©v‡q 16 c„ôvq †jLK ej‡Qb-
Òme©vwaK fvMëvb †mB me my¯  cÖK…wZ, mwVK wPšÍvkw³ I `~i`„wóm¤úbœ e¨w³, hviv †Lv`v-cÖ`Ë we‡eK, Zuvi
†`qv `ywU †PvL, `ywU Kvb Ges kw³-mvg_©¨ mwVK Kv‡R jvMvq| cixÿv I ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Øviv mwVK wm×v‡šÍ
†c․u‡Q| Avjøvn Zvqvjvi wb`k©bvw` †`Lvi ci mwVK wkÿv MÖnY K‡i, evwZ‡ji †m․›`h© -†kvfv Zv‡ì‡K
wegy» Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| wg_¨vi Qjbv Zv‡ì‡K Zvi cÖwZ AvK…ó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ¸givnxi eµ c_ †`‡LB
Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i G gvby‡li Pjvi †hvM¨ c_ bq| Zvici hLbB Zviv n‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq Ges Zv cvIqvi
R‡b¨ mvg‡b AMÖmi nq, ZLb ¯^qs mZ¨ Zv‡ì‡K m¤â©bv Rvbv‡Z GwM‡q Av‡m| †n`v‡q‡Zi Av‡jv Zv‡ì
mvg‡b D™¢vwmZ n‡Z _v‡K| Zvici mZ¨‡K mZ¨ e‡j Ges wg_¨v‡K wg_¨v e‡j Dcjwä Kivi ci `ywbqvi
†Kvb kw³ Avi Zv‡ì‡K mZ¨ c_ †_‡K wePz¨Z Ki‡Z Ges ¸givnxi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z mÿg nq bv|Ó
GB n‡jv ZRy©gvbyj KziAvb Ges G ÁvbMf© I cvwÐZ¨c~Y© K_v¸‡jv wQj hyeK mvB‡q` gI`~`xi, hv wQj
KziAv‡biB Av‡jv‡K gwÐZ, m‡Zï mylgvq mw¾Z, we‡e‡Ki Kv‡Q Acwinvh© Ges Cgvb I Avg‡ji
†cÖiYv`vqK|
Zuvi wPšÍvaviv ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi c„ôv¸‡jvi †m․›`h© ea©b Ki‡Z _v‡K| wZwb Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Bmjvgx aviYv
me©cÖ_g Gfv‡e †ck K‡ib-
ÒBmjv‡g bv †Zv `ywbqv cwiZ¨vR¨ I N„Yvn© †Kvb e¯‧, Avi bv Ggb †Kvb e¯‧ hvi cÖwZ gvbyl †gvnvweó n‡q
co‡e Ges Zvi †fv‡Mi Av¯^v` MÖn‡Y gMœ n‡q _vK‡e| bv †m G‡Kev‡i gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍi ¯ vb, Avi bv
G‡Kev‡i AkvwšÍ-AbvPv‡ii| Zvi †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q ivLvI wVK bq Ges Zvi g‡a¨ wbgMœ n‡q hvIqvI wVK
bq| bv †m G‡Kev‡i AcweÎ I gqjvhy³, Avi bv cy‡ivcywi c~Z cweÎ I cwi”Qbœ| Zvici G `ywbqvi mv‡_
gvby‡li m¤úK© bv Ggb †hgb ev`kv‡ni m¤úK© Zvi iv‡Rï mv‡_| bv gvbyl G‡ZvUv bMY¨ †h `ywbqvi
cÖwZwU kw³i Kv‡Q †m gv_v bZ Ki‡e, Avi bv G‡ZvUv weRqx I civµgkvjx †h, `ywbqvi cÖwZwU e¯‧ Zvi
Kv‡Q gv_v bZ Ki‡e| bv †m G‡ZvUv Amnvq †h, Zvi e¨w³MZ B”Qv-evmbvi †Kvb g~j¨B †bB| Avi bv †m
G‡ZvUv kw³kvjx †h, Zvi B”Qv I gwR©B mewKQz| bv †m wek¦RM‡Zi GKgvÎ cÖfz I kvmK, Avi bv AmsL¨
†Lv`vi Amnvq †Mvjvg| cÖK…Z mZ¨ hv wKQz Zv n‡jv GB †h, G wewfbœ cÖvwšÍKZvi (Extremes) g‡a¨ GK
gaëZx© Ae¯ v|
wZwb AviI e‡jb-
ÒØxb Bmjv‡gi †MvUv eë¯ vi †K›`ªwe›`y Avjøvn Zvqvjvi mËv| G mgMÖ eë¯ v Zvi Pvi av‡iB AveZ©b
K‡i| Avi G eë¯ vi g‡a¨ hv wKQzB Av‡Q- wbqZ I wek¦v‡mi A‡_© †nvK A_ev c~Rv-AP©bv I `vmZ¡
AvbyM‡Zï A‡_©B †nvK, A_ev `ywbqvi Rxeb m¤úwK©Z e¨vcv‡iB †nvK, me©ve¯ vq Zvi gyL †mB †K›`ªxq
mËvi w`‡KB †div‡bv i‡q‡Q| Avi cÖwZwU e¯‧ Zvi AvKl©Y kw³i Zv‡i euvav i‡q‡Q| ¯^qs Øxb (AvbyMZ¨)
Ges Bmjvg (gw¯Í®‥ AebZKiY) bvgK †h `ywU k‡ãi Øviv G agx©q eë¯ vi bvg Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv A‡_©i
¯^fve-cÖK…wZ I gg©K_v my›ìfv‡e cÖgvwYZ K‡i| ÔØxbÕ I ÔBmjv‡giÕ A_© GB †h, ev›`vn Zvi †Lv`vi
mš‧wói R‡b¨ gv_v bZ Ki‡e Ges Zuvi gwR©i Aaxb n‡q hv‡e| ...
G Kvi‡YB Bmjv‡g hv wKQz Av‡Q Zv †Lv`viB R‡b¨| bvgvh hw` †Lv`vi R‡b¨ bv nq, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e GK
A_©nxb DVv-emv, †ivhv hw` †Lv`vi R‡b¨ bv nq, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e wbQK bv †L‡q _vKv ev Dcevm| hvKvZ I
`vb-LqivZ hw` †Lv`vi R‡b¨ nq, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e BbdvK dx mvwewjjøvn Avjøvni c‡_ e¨q| bZzev n‡e
wbQK Ace¨q| .... hy× I wRnv` hw` nq Lv‡jmvZvb wjjøvn (Lvm K‡i Avjøvni R‡b¨) Ges Avjøvni c‡_,
Zv n‡j Zv n‡e m‡e©vËg Bev`Z| bZzev n‡e Ab¨vq i³cvZ Ges Zv¸‡Zi c‡_ wRnv`|
Kv‡Ri m~Pbvi ciB 1932 mv‡j wZwb Zuvi ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b e‡jb, ÒGLb Kv‡Ri †h µwgK aviv Avgvi
g‡b i‡q‡Q Zv GB †h cÖ_‡g cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zv I wPšÍvavivi †m cÖvavb¨ †f‡O w`‡Z n‡e, hv gymjgvb‡ì
cÖwZfvevb gn‡ji Dci †P‡c e‡m‡Q| G K_v Zv‡ì g‡b e×g~j K‡i w`‡Z n‡e †h, Bmjv‡gi GKwU
wbR¯^ Rxeb weavb Av‡Q| Zvi GKwU A_©‣bwZK eë¯ v Av‡Q, GKUv wPšÍvaviv I Zvi weavb Av‡Q- GKUv
wkÿv eë¯ v Av‡Q, hv mew`K w`‡q cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zv I ZrmsµvšÍ mKj welq †_‡K AwZ D”P gv‡bi| G
aviYv Zv‡ì gb †_‡K gy‡Q †dj‡Z n‡e †h, mf¨Zv-ms¯‥…wZi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡Q wfÿv PvIqvi
cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Zv‡ì‡K G K_v e‡j w`‡Z n‡e †h, †Zvgv‡ì i‡q‡Q GKwU wbR¯^ c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb, hv
`ywbqvi hveZxq weavb †_‡K †kªôZg| cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡ì Kv‡Q G K_v my¯úó
K‡i w`‡Z n‡e †h, cvðv‡Zï †h eë¯ vi Øviv Zviv cÖfvweZ I civf‚Z n‡q c‡o‡Q, Zvi cÖwZwU w`K I
wefv‡M wK wK `ye©jZv i‡q‡Q|
mvB‡q` gI`~`x GLv‡b GK m‡Zï D`NvUb Ki‡jb hv BwZc~‡e© †Kvb Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` I Av‡j‡gi gy‡L
ïbv hvqwb| Zv n‡jv, Bmjv‡gi GKUv wbR¯^ A_©‣bwZK eë¯ v| ZrKvjxb fvi‡Zi cÖL¨vZ Av‡jgM‡Yi
RvbvB wQj bv †h, Bmjv‡g †Kvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯ v Av‡Q| ZvB Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi
cÖe³v n‡q c‡owQ‡jb Ges AmsL¨ gymwjg hyeK mgvRZ‡š¿i w`‡K Suy‡K c‡owQj| hyeK mgvR I †MvUv
gymwjg RvwZ‡K mgvRZ‡š¿i cÖeÂbv †_‡K iÿv K‡ib mvB‡q` gI`~`x| Bmjv‡g A_©‣bwZK eë¯ v bv
_vK‡j Zv c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb nq wK K‡i? G m¤ú‡K© ZrKvjxb Av‡jg mgv‡Ri aviYv †h A¯úó wQj
Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| gvIjvbv gI`~`xB me©cÖ_g Bmjvg‡K gvbe RvwZi GKgvÎ Kj¨vYKi c~Y©v½ Rxeb
weavb wn‡m‡e we‡eKm¤§Z hyw³mn cÖgvwYZ K‡ib| ZvB wZwb wQ‡jb Bmjvgx c~Y©v½ †i‡bmuvi hyMmªóv|
GLv‡b GKwU welq we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| gvIjvbv m~Pbv‡ZB e‡jwQ‡jb wZwb wb‡R‡K fz‡ji E‡a© g‡b K‡ib
bv| wZwb Avn‡j Bjg Z_v Bmjvgx gbxlxe„‡›ì Kv‡Q G Av‡e`b †i‡LwQ‡jb †h, wZwb fzj Ki‡j Zv †hb
ms‡kvab K‡i †`qv nq| huviv mZ¨cš x I mZ¨vkªqx, Zuviv hyeK gI`~`xi AZzjbxq cÖwZfvi cÖksmv K‡ib|
wKš‧ ÎæwU AbymÜvb KivB huv‡ì ¯^fve, wnsmvi Ab‡j `×xf‚Z n‡q Ac‡ii cÖwZfvi ¯^xK…wZ `v‡b huviv
bvivR, Zviv AbyexÿY h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ ÎæwU AbymÜv‡bi †Póv K‡i e¨_© n‡q Ag~jK d‡ZvqvevRxi c_ †e‡Q
†bb| `ywbqv Zuv‡ì‡K m¤§v‡bi †Pv‡L †`‡Lwb, †`L‡eI bv|
cwiwkó- 5
RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZvi wKQz g~jëvb K_v
`j MV‡bi Avek¨KZv
nv`xm †_‡K cÖgvwYZ Av‡Q †h, RvgvqvZ ev `j e¨ZxZ mwZ¨Kvi Bmjvgx Rxeb nq bv| Rxeb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
Bmjvgx n‡Z n‡j me‡P‡q cÖ‡qvRb †h e¯‧i, Zv n‡”Q GB †h, Bmjv‡gi jÿ¨ A_©vr BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi mv‡_
n‡Z n‡e mswkøó| Gi `vex n‡”Q GB †h, G j‡ÿï R‡b¨ me©vZ¥K cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e Ges HKë× kw³
e¨ZxZ G cÖ‡Póv m¤¢e bq| AZGe RvgvqvZ e¨wZ‡i‡K †Kvb Rxeb‡K Bmjvgx ejv gvivZ¥K fzj n‡e|
wØZxq K_v GB †h, †Kvb e¨w³ Avgv‡ì Rvgvqv‡Z kvwgj bv †nvK, wKš‧ †m Ggb Rvgvqv‡Z kvwgj †nvK
hvi jÿ¨ GB n‡e Ges hvi `jxq msMVb I me©vZ¥K cÖ‡Póv Pvjvevi c×wZ Bmjvgx wkÿv Abyhvqx n‡e|
GgZve¯ vq Zv‡K Avgiv mZ¨ c_Mvgx e‡j ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z wØav Ki‡ev bv| wKš‧ e¨w³MZ PwiÎ MV‡bi †h
c×wZ kwiq‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †Kvb e¨w³ ïay ZviB AbymiY KiæK Ges BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi †PóvPwi‡Îi R‡b¨
†Kvb Rvgvqv‡Z kvwgj bv †nvK- G Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q wVK bq| Ggb Rxeb‡K Avgiv Aa© Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi Rxeb
g‡b Kwi| Avgv‡ì Ávb-eyw×g‡Z Bmjv‡gi me©wbgœ `vex GB †h, hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi Pvwicv‡k¦© Bmjvgx
jÿ¨ AR©‡bi R‡b¨ Bmjvgx c×wZ‡Z me©vZ¥K cÖ‡PóvKvix †Kvb RvgvqvZ‡K †`L‡Z bv cvq, Zvn‡j Zvi
DwPZ n‡e Giƒc †Kvb `j MV‡bi †Póv Kiv Ges Zv‡K GR‡b¨ cÖ¯‧Z _vK‡Z n‡e †h, hLbB G ai‡bi
†Kvb RvgvqvZ cvIqv hv‡e ZLb Zvi mKj AvwgZ¡ wemR©b w`‡q Rvgvqv‡Zi g‡bvfve wb‡q Zv‡Z kvwgj
n‡Z n‡e| (ivmv‡qj I gvmv‡qj)
ZvejxM I wecøe-
Avcbvi cÎ †_‡K hZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ Zvi gg© n‡jv GB †h, eZ©gvb mg‡q ïay †g․wLK ZvejxM, e³…Zv,
cÖeÜ wjLb I cÎ-cwÎKvi Øviv cÖPvi Pvjv‡bv †nvK| Gi Dc‡i bv wb‡Ri †Kvb Avgj Kivi `vIqvZ
†Ìqvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| Zvici hLb mKj gymjgv‡bi gbgw¯Í®‥ Avgv‡ì fveavivq cÖfvweZ n‡e, ZLb
nVvr GKw`b wecøe NU‡e!
aviYvwU †Zv †ek PgrKvi! wKš‧ ZvejxM I wecø‡ei c_ †h GK bq, Zvi wK Kiv hv‡e? cÖfvekxj I
Kvh©Ki ZvejxM †KejgvÎ ZLbB n‡Z cv‡i, hLb ZvejxMKvix `j Zvi bxwZi Dci Avgj Ki‡e Ges Gi
Dc‡i AvgjKvix‡ì‡K msMwVZ Ki‡e| ïay IqvhbwmnZ eûw`b a‡i P‡j Avm‡Q| Zvi wK dj n‡q‡Q?
(ivmv‡qj I gvmv‡qj)
BKvg‡Z Øxb GKwU AUj I Acwinvh© KZ©e¨
cÖ‡Z¨K mZ¨vbymÜx e¨w³i Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ GB †h, †m †hb Zvi g‡a¨ BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi Zxeª Aby‡cÖiYv m„wó
K‡i| AZtci †m †Póv Ki‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zvi g‡bi g‡aÏ G Av¸b R¡‡j D‡V| G †PóvPwi‡Îi cwiYvg wK
n‡e, Zv Av‡jvPbv ewnf‚©Z| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h, Avgv‡ì KivZ w`‡q wPiv n‡e, gvwUi Dci w`‡q †U‡b-
†nuP‡o †bqv n‡e, R¡jšÍ Kqjvi Dci wbwÿß Kiv n‡e Ges Avgv‡ì g„Z‡`n KvK-wP‡ji Lv`¨ n‡e|
G‡Zvme K‡iI nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì G †m․fvM¨ n‡e bv †h, eZ©gvb evwZj eë¯ v‡K Avgiv GKUv mZ¨-my›ì
eë¯ vq cwiewZ©Z Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| wKšÍ G e¨_©Zv †Kvb e¨_©Zv bq| e¨_©Zvi †Kvb Avk¼v eiÂ wbðqZv
Avgv‡ì‡K H `vex †_‡K gyw³`vb Ki‡e bv, †h `vex BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi R‡b¨ Avjøvn Zvqvjv K‡i‡Qb| G
GKUv AUj Acwinvh© KZ©e¨, hv Avgv‡ì‡K †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ †h †Kvb Ae¯ vq cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` mKj
LvbKvn Avgv‡ì‡K G Avk¦vm †èvi †Póv K‡i †h, AgyK AgyK Ihxdv-Zc&Rd& G `vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ
w`‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j Avwg Avcbv‡ì wbðqZvi m‡½ ej‡ev †h, G kqZvbx cÖeÂbv gvÎ! h‡ZvÿY ch©šÍ
Avcbv‡ì Nv‡o gv_v i‡q‡Q, Avi Avjøvni Øx‡bi cÖvmv‡ì GKLvbv BUI Zvi ¯ vb †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q Av‡Q
Ges Avjøvni c„w_exi m~PvMÖ f‚wg Avjøvn e¨ZxZ Ac‡ii `vm‡Z¡ bZ n‡q Av‡Q, Z‡ZvÿY Avcbv‡ì R‡b¨
kvwšÍi wb`ªv nvivg| (Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Kvh©weeiYx- 3q LÐ)
ûKzg‡Z Bjvwnqv I Avjøvni mš‧wó
BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi G cÖ‡Póv m¤ú‡K© wKQz ej‡Z cvwi bv †h, Gi djvdj wK n‡e| cwiYvg dj †Zv
AvjøvnZvqvjvB Rv‡bb| G cÖ‡Póvi dj hw` G nq †h, Avgiv GKUv mr mgvR eë¯ v Kv‡qg Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡qwQ, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e Avjøvni `vb| wKQz msL¨K †jvK e¨½-we`ªƒc K‡i G K_v e‡j †h, Avgv‡ì mKj
cÖ‡Póv ÿgZv jv‡fi R‡b¨ Ges Øx‡bi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ †h Avjøvni mš‧wó jvf, Zv Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †bB|
Zv‡ì G aviYv G‡Kev‡i åvšÍ| Avgv‡ì mKj cÖ‡Póv GKUv mr Ges †Lv`vqx eë¯ vi R‡b¨| G cÖ‡Póvq
†Kvb Aciva †bB Ges G‡Z j¾viI wKQz †bB| Avgiv hLb ûKzg‡Z Bjvwnqvi bvg Kwi ZLb Avgiv
Dc‡iv³ eë¯ v‡KB eySvB| Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi bv †h, GUv Avgv‡ì AvKvw•¶Z n‡j G‡Z weZ‡K©i wK
Av‡Q? Ges GUv †Lv`vi mš‧wó Kvgbvi cwicš xB ev wK K‡i n‡e? †Lv`vi c„w_ex‡Z GKgvÎ †Lv`viB weavb
Pj‡e-Gi †P‡q AwaK †Lv`vi mš‧wó jvf Avi wK cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i? Zv‡ì †P‡q AwaK †Lv`vi mš‧wó
KvgbvKvix Avi †K n‡Z cv‡i, hviv G Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ Rvb-gvj Z¨vM K‡i Ges djvdj hvB †nvK bv †Kb,
†Lv`vi c„w_ex‡Z †Lv`v Qvov Avi Kv‡iv cÖfzZ¡ wKQz‡ZB Pj‡Z w`‡Z Pvq bv? G ai‡bi msMÖvg cÖ‡Póv hw`
`ywbqv`vix nq, Z‡e Øxb`vix wK G‡K e‡j †h, ivwÎ †R‡M ÔAvjøvnÕ †h‡Ki Kiv n‡e, Avi w`‡bi †ejvq
kqZv‡bi wmsnvmb cÖwZôvi †Póv Kiv n‡e? hviv G ai‡bi K_v e‡j, Zv‡ì gbgw¯Í‡®‥ Øxb m¤ú‡K© AwZ
wbK…ó aviYv i‡q‡Q| (Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Kvh©weeiYx- 3q LÐ)
mZ¨ c‡_i `vex

G c‡_i cÖK…Z `vex GB †h, Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †hb we‡ivwaZv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvevi AbyivM m„wó nq| mZ¨ c‡_B
Avi åvšÍ c‡_B †nvK, Avjøvn Zvqvjvi bxwZ GB, †h e¨w³ †h c_B Aej¤^b K‡i, †m c‡_B Zvi
AwMœcixÿv nq| nK c‡_i †Zv •ewkó¨B GB †h, cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ G AwMœcixÿvq cwic~Y©| †hgb A¼
kv‡¯¿i †Kvb †gavex QvÎ KwVb cÖ‡kœ mš‧ó nq G R‡b¨ †h, Zvi †gavkw³i cixÿvi my‡hvM G‡m‡Q| wVK
Giƒc †Kvb `„p msKí gywgb †Kvb bZzb cixÿvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z Avb›` cvq G R‡b¨ †h, Zvi AvbyMZ¨ cÖgvY
Kivi my‡hvM G‡m‡Q| ÿxY cÖ`xc evZv‡mi SvcUvq wb‡f hvq, wKš‧ cÖR¡wjZ Dbyb‡K evZv‡mi SvcUv Av‡iv
AwaKZi cÖR¡wjZ K‡i †`q| Avcbviv wb‡R‡ì wfZ‡i Ggb †hvM¨Zv m„wó Kiæb †h, †hfv‡e GKUv
cÖR¡wjZ Dbyb wm³ R¡vjvwbi Øviv wb‡f bv wM‡q eis Zv‡K Zvi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i, †Zgwb Avcbviv
we‡ivwaZvi Kv‡Q bZ bv n‡q eis Zv †_‡K Lv`¨ Ges kw³ msMÖn Kiæb| h‡Zvw`b bv G †hvM¨Zv Avgv‡ì
g‡a¨ cq`v n‡q‡Q, Z‡Zvw`b G Avkv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv †h, Avgv‡ì Øviv Øx‡bi †Kvb fv‡jv †L`gZ n‡Z
cv‡i| (Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Kvh©weeiYx- 3q LÐ)
cwiwkó-6
m‡›`n-mskq wbimb
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôvi wKQzw`b c‡iB †`‡ki `yÕwZb Rb eyhyM©v‡b Øx‡bi ga¨ †_‡K GKRb c‡Îi
gva¨‡g RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZvi Kv‡Q wKQz m‡›`n-mskq e¨³ K‡ib| RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv mvB‡q`
Aveyj Avjv gI`~`x Zvi †h Reve †`b 1941 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î, A‡±vei I b‡f¤^‡ii ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi
GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ msL¨vq Òm‡›`n-mskq wbimbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g †m Reve cÖKvwkZ nq| G Rev‡e RvgvqvZ
cÖwZôvZvi g‡bi Ae¯ v cy‡ivcywi cwiùzU nq| Zuvi e³‡eï †g․wjK K_v¸‡jv I Zvi •ewkó¨ Avi GKevi
ZuviB fvlvq Rbmg‡ÿ cwi‡ewkZ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi|
cÎ †jLK Zuvi cÎ cÖKv‡ki AbygwZ †`bwb| †m R‡b¨ Rev‡ei mv‡_ †m cÎLvbv ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b
cÖKvwkZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš‧ c‡Î †h me m‡›`n-mskq e¨³ Kiv n‡qwQj, Zv Rev‡ei gva¨‡gB my¯úó n‡q
I‡V|
gvIjvbvi Reve
gynZvivg gvIjvbv! Avmmvjvgy AvjvqKzg|
Avcwb †h me m‡›`n e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvbvi ci Avgvi g‡b G m‡›`nB n‡q‡Q †h, Avcwb Avgvi †m me
†jLv †gv‡UB c‡obwb hv AwZ m¤úÖwZ cÖKvk jvf KiwQj| G Kvi‡YB †m me m‡›`n-mskq Avcbvi cweÎ
g‡b m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avi A‡bï gy‡L Avgvi a¨vb-aviYvi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY ï‡bB AwaKvsk eyhyM©v‡bi g‡b G
ai‡bi m‡›`n m„wó nq| Avcbvi g‡Zv AwZ Kg©e¨¯Í †jvK‡KI Avwg G K_v ej‡Z cvwi bv- ÒAvgvi
†jLv¸‡jv AvMv‡Mvov c‡o †`Lyb|Ó wKš‧ †jv‡Ki fzj e¨vL¨vi Kvi‡Y wKQz †bK I eyhyM© †jvK Avgvi cÖwZ
weiƒc g‡bvfve †cvlY Kiæb GUvB ev Avwg wKiƒ‡c mn¨ Ki‡Z cvwi- †h‡nZz Zuv‡ì †`vqv I ev¯Íe mvnvh¨-
mn‡hvwMZvi Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q! AZGe, ms‡ÿ‡c Avgvi wPšÍv I a¨vb-aviYv ¯^qs Zz‡j aivB mgxPxb
g‡b KiwQ Ges Zvici Rvb‡Z PvB‡ev †h, GLb Avi †Kvb m‡›`n-mskq i‡q‡Q wK bv|
1| Avgvi `„wó‡Z `ywbqvq Ggb GK mgq G‡m c‡o‡Q †h, GKwU hyM †kl n‡q hv‡”Q Ges Avi GK hy‡Mi
m~Pbv n‡”Q| cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zv I Zvi eywbqv‡ì Dci hviv KvR KiwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì h‡ZvUzKz my‡hvM cvevi
wQj, Avgvi g‡b nq, Zv Zuviv cy‡ivcywi jvf K‡i‡Qb| GLb G mgMÖ eë¯ v †f‡O covi Dcµg n‡q‡Q|
d‡j Ab¨ GK eë¯ v cÖwZôvi c~‡e© †h D‡ØMRbK Ae¯ vi m„wó nq ZviI m~Pbv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ BKvg‡Z
Øx‡bi †PóvPwiÎ Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K hvgvbvq Avn‡j Cgvb‡ì R‡b¨ dih, wKš‧ we‡kl K‡i Ggb GK mgq hLb
`ywbqv cÖPwjZ eë¯ v¸‡jvi wZ³ AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z wbivk n‡q co‡Q Ges Ab¨ †Kvb eë¯ v cÖwZôvi R‡b¨
AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m„wó n‡”Q, ZLb Øx‡b nK cÖwZôvi †Póv Kiv AwaKZi cÖ‡qvRbxq n‡q c‡o‡Q| †h me
my‡hvM-myweav GLb m„wó n‡q‡Q Zvi mØënvi hw` GLb Avgiv bv Kwi, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì‡K KwVb
Revew`wni m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡e|
2| Avgvi e‡ov `ytL nq †h, cÖvP¨ †_‡K cÖZxP¨ ch©šÍ gymjgvb mvaviYZ wbQK mvgwqK I ¯ vbxq mgm¨vejx
Ges †Qv‡UvLv‡Uv welq wb‡q weeªZ Av‡Q Ges `ywbqvi cÖk¯ÍZi A½‡b evwZj eë¯ vi msN‡l© Øx‡b nK
cÖwZôvi †h my‡hvM G‡m‡Q Zvi cÖwZ †Kvb g‡bv‡hvMB w`‡”Q bv| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯ v‡b Zv‡ì †Qv‡Uv-e‡ov `j¸‡jv
nq Zv‡ì †`kxq I RvZxq mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨wZe¨¯Í, A_ev †Kvb agx©q wPšÍv _vK‡j e¨m G‡ZvUzKz †h,
evwZj eë¯ vi QÎQvqvq †Kvb agx©q AwaKvi jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡jB h‡_ó g‡b Kiv nq| `ywbqvq msNvZ G
welqwU wb‡q Pj‡Q †h, †`k Kvi Ges †mLv‡b Øxb (eë¯ v) Kvi Pj‡e! Pviw`K †_‡K wewfbœ `vex`vi G
`vex wb‡q gq`v‡b Avm‡Q, Ò†`k Avgv‡ì Ges eë¯ v Avgv‡ìB Pjv DwPZ|Ó wKš‧ `ywbqvi GK cÖvšÍ
†_‡K Avi GK cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ †Kv_vI G `vex ïbv hv‡”Q bv †h, †`k †Lv`v Qvov Avi Kv‡iv bq, Ges †Lv`vi
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3| GUv †Zv cwi¯‥vi †h, BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi msMÖvg Kivi R‡b¨ hw` †Kvb `j ùvwo‡q hvq, Zvn‡j H me
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Ges Avjøvni gwR©i cÖwZwbwa e‡j MY¨ K‡i|Ó wKš‧ G weivU Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ wbQK G K_vi Dci wek¦vm Ges
e¨w³MZ Avgj ch©šÍ AvbyMZ¨ KivB h‡_ó bq| G KvR Ggb GK Rvgvqv‡Zi `vex K‡i, hviv G e¨vcv‡i
G‡ZvUv kw³kvjx I K‡Vvi n‡e †h, Ab¨‡KI G wek¦vm I Zuvi Avg‡ji w`‡K †U‡b Avb‡Z cvi‡e|
AZtci Zviv G `vex wb‡q ùvov‡e †h, Zviv `ywbqvi as‡mvb¥yL eë¯ v‡K Ab¨ †Kvb eywbqv‡ì Dci cÖwZwôZ
n‡Z †`‡e bv| eiÂ wb‡R‡ì GKxb I Cgvb, Avgj I wRnv‡ì kw³ w`‡q Zv‡K Øx‡b n‡Ki eywbqv‡ì
DciB Kv‡qg Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e|
4| `yÕ Ae¯ v‡ZB G `j msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e| nq Zviv †m me gymjgv‡bi ga¨ †_‡KB Avm‡e hviv Dc‡i
ewY©Z wel‡qi cÖwZ wek¦vm †cvlY K‡i| A_ev Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡KB Avm‡e hviv G wek¦vm †cvlY Ki‡e| wKš‧
wØZxq †kªYxi ga¨ †_‡K wiµzU Kiv Z‡ZvÿY ch©šÍ KwVb n‡e, h‡ZvÿY cÖ_g †kªYx †_‡K GKwU wbf©i‡hvM¨
`j m„wó bv nq- hviv wbi¼zkfv‡e G AvKx`vn-wek¦vm A_ev Z`byhvqx e¨w³MZ wµqvKg©B h‡_ó g‡b Ki‡e
bv, eiÂ †m AvKx`vn-wek¦v‡mi cÖPvi-cÖmvi Ges Zvi Dci `ywbqvi eë¯ v cÖwZôvi Rb¨ msMÖvg Ki‡Z
AMÖmi n‡e| G R‡b¨ Avwg Agymwjg‡ì Av‡M gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZB AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ|
5| mvaviY gymjgvb m¤ú‡K© AvgviI †mB aviYv hv Avcbvi i‡q‡Q| AvwgI GUvB g‡b Kwi †h, Zviv bex
(mt) †K †Lv`vi gwR©i cÖwZwbwa wVK †m fv‡eB gv‡b †hfv‡e GKRb gywg‡bi gvbv DwPZ| wKš‧ hLb Avwg
BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L Hme gymjgv‡bi cÖwZ ZvwK‡q †`wL, ZLb Avwg Abyfe Kwi †h, †h
ch©v‡qi Cgvb I GKxb Ges †h ch©v‡qi Avgj‡K Zuviv h‡_ó g‡b K‡i e‡m Av‡Qb, Zv G D‡Ï‡kï R‡b¨
h‡_ó bq| Dciš‧ Ime gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ Ggb †jvKI Av‡Qb hviv Øx‡bi †g․wjK welq m¤ú‡K©I
Iqv‡Kdnvj bb Ges gymjgvb nIqv m‡Ë¡I wbK…ó ai‡bi wek¦vmg~jK I ev¯Íe ¸givnx‡ZB ïay wjß bb,
eiÂ Zvi Dci G‡ZvUv AUj †h, Zuv‡ì‡K mwVK c‡_ wb‡q Avmv †Kvb Agymwjg‡K gymjgvb evbv‡bv
†_‡K Kg KóKi bq| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb †jvKI †Zv Av‡Qb, huviv AvKx`vn-wek¦v‡m gymjgvb nIqv m‡Ë¡I
Avcb cÖe„wË‡K Zuviv Zvu‡ì Bjvn evwb‡q †i‡L‡Qb Ges MÖnY I eR©b, cQ›` I AcQ‡›ì †mB gvb`Ê‡K
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kª×vkxjI Av‡Qb, Avevi Bmjvgx kixqZ cÖwZôv‡K Zviv Am¤¢eB g‡b K‡ib bv eiÂ G AwfgZ †cvlY
K‡ib †h, †Pv‡ii nvZKvUv, e¨wfPvixi †eÎvNvZ A_ev g„Zz¨`Ð Ges my‡ì wbwl×KiY I G ai‡bi AvBb-
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Av‡Qb, hviv Øxb‡K ¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges Zvi iæKb¸‡jvI cvjb K‡ib| wKš‧ `ywbqvi jvjmvq G‡ZvUv wbgMœ
†h mvgvb¨ wKQzi wewbg‡q Øx‡bi weiæ‡× †h †L`gZB Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q PvIqv †nvK Ges †h, ai‡bi MvÏvix I
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Av‡Qb, huviv Øx‡bi A¯^xKviKvixI bb Ges ¯^xKvi KvixI bb| G wb‡q Zuv‡ì †Kvb gv_ve¨_vB †bB †h nK
wK Ges evwZjB ev wK| Zuv‡ì Kvg¨ ïay G‡ZvUzKz †h, Zuv‡ì cÖe„wËi I †`‡ni `vex c~iY †nvK Ges G
wPšÍvq Zviv Ggb wbgMœ †h, Ab¨vb¨ mewKQz †_‡K Zuviv D`vmxb|
G me ai‡bi †jvK mvaviY gymjgv‡bi AšÍfy©³| Zviv me Ggb wgwkªZ n‡q Av‡Qb †h, G mgwói g‡a¨ G
cv_©K¨ Kiv gykwKj †h, †K †Kvb ai‡bi gymjgvb|
6| GK_v my¯úó †h, BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi R‡b¨ †Póv Ki‡Z n‡j G mgMÖ Rb‡Mvôx‡K †mB †iwW‡gW Bmjvgx
RvgvqvZ ejv hvq bv hv‡ì wb‡q †Kvb msMÖvg Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| RvZxq ¯^v‡_©i R‡b¨ †h me `j KvR K‡i
Zv‡ì R‡b¨ G Aek¨B m¤¢e †h, Zviv GK Kg©m~wP •Zix K‡i mKj gymjgvb‡K GB e‡j WvK w`‡e ÒG‡mv
`yÕAvbv-PviAvbv Puv`v w`‡q dig c~iY K‡iv Ges RvwZi †mbvevwnbx‡Z fwZ© n‡q hvI|Ó Zviv mKj cÖKvi
Ac`v_© †jvK‡ì GK‡Î Rgv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡ì KvR G fv‡e Pj‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ Avgiv †m D‡Ï‡k¨
GKwU `j MVb Ki‡Z PvB, Zvi R‡b¨ G ai‡bi †jvK GKÎxKiY †Kvb Kv‡Ri n‡e bv, eiÂ Aek¨B
ÿwZKi n‡e| AMZ¨v Avgv‡ì‡K gymjgvb‡ì H wgkª Rb‡Mvôx †_‡KB ïay †bK †jvK evQvB K‡i wb‡q
msMwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi †bK †jvK‡K evQvB K‡i †ei Kivi Dcvq G Qvov Avi wKQzB †bB †h, Avgiv
Bmjv‡gi wbfz©j AvKx`vn-wek¦vm, ûKzg‡Z Gjvnwnqvi jÿ¨ Ges kixq‡Zi •bwZK I AvBbMZ
wbqgbxwZ¸‡jv gymjgvb‡ì mvg‡b †ck Ki‡ev| Zvici Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h me †jvK G AvKx`vn-wek¦vm
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cÖ¯‧Z n‡e, ïay Zv‡ì‡KB Rvgvqv‡Z MÖnY Kiv n‡e| Avwg `xN©w`b hver w`bivZ G wel‡q wPšÍvfveb KiwQ
†h, `yf©vMëkZ gymjgvb‡ì GB †h cuvPwgkvjx GK †h․wMK c`v_© (Compound) •Zix n‡q‡Q, Zvi †_‡K
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m‡Ë¡I G c×wZ Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb c×wZ Avwg †`L‡Z cvBwb| Avcwb A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb eyhyM© Ab¨ †Kvb
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7| Avgvi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv BKvg‡Z Øx‡bi msMÖv‡gi R‡b¨ †bK‡jvK evQvB K‡i †ei Kiv| gymjgvb‡ì
g‡a¨ Kzdi I Cgv‡bi weZK© m„wó Kiv bq| eZ©gv‡b gymjgvb‡ì Cgvb I AvLjv‡Ki †h Ae¯ v, Zvi
mgv‡jvPbvi D‡Ï‡kÏ Avgvi ïay GK_v ejv †h, `vIqvZ Bjvjøvni (Avjøvni w`‡K `vIqvZ) gnvb
D‡Ï‡kï cÖwZ jÿ¨ ivL‡j gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ G mg‡q wK wK ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ cvIqv hvq Ges G Kv‡Ri R‡b¨
gymjgvb‡ì G Rb‡Mvôxi ga¨ †_‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †jvK Dc‡hvMx I evÃbxq|
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi MVbZ‡š¿ mvÿ¨`v‡bi gva¨‡g kc_ MÖnY‡K iæKwbqv‡Zi (m`m¨c‡ì) kZ© wn‡m‡e MY¨
Kivi D‡Ïk¨ ïay GB †h, hviv G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì‡K †ck Ki‡eb, Zuv‡ì m¤ú‡K© G wbðqZv jvf
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Bjvjøvni †L`gZ ïiæ Kivi c~‡e© Zuviv Av‡iKevi bZzb K‡i Avjøvni mv‡_ kc_ I A½xKvi m~‡Î Aveä
n‡eb Ges bZzb gymjgvbx †cÖiYv I DrmvnD`¨g wb‡q Kv‡R AMÖmi n‡eb|*
* Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡Z n‡j bZzb K‡i Cgv‡bi †NvlYv Kiv Acwinvh© kZ©| G‡Z A‡b‡K
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Aegvbbv nq? - MÖš Kvi|
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8| Avgvi g‡Z BKvgv‡Z Øx‡bi msMÖv‡gi R‡b¨ GI Riæix †h, †h RvgvqvZ G D‡Ï‡k¨ MwVZ n‡e, Zviv
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AwaKvi A_ev e¨w³MZ I RvZxq ¯^v_© m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î wgwkªZ K‡i †dj‡e bv| hw` Avgiv
`vIqvZ Bjvjøvni mv‡_ Gm‡ei AvIqvRI eyj›` Kwi, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì `vIqv‡Zi G‡Kev‡iB †Kvb cÖfve
n‡e bv| we‡kl K‡i hw` Avgiv wbQK RvZxq †Muvovwgi wfwË‡Z gymjgvb‡ì H me KvR mg_©b Kwi, hv
Bmjv‡gi c_ †_‡K `~‡i Aew¯ Z, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì G ZrciZv Aek¨B `ywbqv‡K Bmjv‡gi wbK‡U Avbvi
cwie‡Z© Zv‡K `~‡i †V‡j †`qv n‡e| G R‡b¨ gymjgvb‡ì‡K Avwg G civgk© w`B- Òhw` †Zvgv‡ì †m KvR
Ki‡Z nq hvi R‡b¨ †Zvgv‡ì‡K GKwU D¤§vn evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q-
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Aej¤^b Kivi R‡b¨ Ab¨wU cwiZ¨vM Ki‡ZB n‡e|Ó
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9| bxwZMZfv‡e `vIqvZ ÔBjvjøvniÕ Kv‡Ri aib AvRI ZvB i‡q‡Q hv c~‡e© wQj A_©vr Mvqiæjøvni cÖfzZ¡ -
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Avgv‡ì‡K †U‡b-†nuP‡o wb‡q hvIqv †nvK| Avgv‡ì G `vIqvZ hw` †KD Keyj K‡i †Zv Avgv‡ì Pÿz
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nqwb| Avi bv AvR Zv ei`vkZ Kiv n‡e| gymjgvbivB hLb G AvIqvR ï‡b wÿß n‡q c‡o, ZLb
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v gvmqvjv‡q KIgxqvZ- H
v Bmjvg I cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi Ø›Ø - H
v Bmjv‡gi ivR‣bwZK f‚wgKv - H
v Bmjvgx wecø‡ei c_ - H
v Bmjvg I RvZxqZvev` - H
v Ab¨vb¨ mvßvwnK I gvwmK cÎ-cwÎKv (D`y©)

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