Chapter One Background of The Study 1.1

CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The term portal is known as links page which presents information from diverse sources in a
unified way. It may contain services that provide standard search engine feature, e-mail,
news, information, databases and entertainment. Portals provide a way for enterprises to
provide a consistent look and feel with access control and procedures for multiple
applications and databases, which otherwise would have been different entities altogether.
Electronic registration or e-registration, web based registration or even online registration is a
secure website that students enter to indicate that they will attend classes in the upcoming
(fall or sprint) rain or harmattan semester (Strauss, 2000). Students can access the e-
registration site from anywhere with an internet connection. Mostly these sites are portals.
Pena-Lopez (2007) describes a web portal as a site that functions as a point of access to
information on the World Wide Web and portals present information from diverse sources.
The Google directory describes the term portal as where users control the content. There are
several terms in library and information science and indeed IT that have their origins
borrowed from other disciplines and a portal is one of such (Brakel, 2003). It must be borne
in mind that the Web, a resource of the Internet, and a tool to browse the Internet is the first
ever innovation that allows anyone to publish to a vast number of users via the Internet. The
portal in this context, is more than a gateway, it is a hub from which users can locate all the
Web content commonly needed (Nielsen, 1999). The portal is a platform for organizations –
universities, colleges, companies to leverage and for efficient communication and other in-
house operations. Put more simply a portal collates ― a variety of useful information into a
single, one-stop` web-page, helping the user to avoid being overwhelmed by infoglut` or
feeling lost on the web‖ (Looney and Lyman 2000 33). However, the Internet (Internet
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gateways or libraries) are not focused on internal enterprise functions. Reasons why
organizations have a portal according to (source) include: Information customization:
Information personalization: Efficiency in accessing information (work flow): Link integrity
software issues that link work: Enhancements and features such as calendars, to do lists,
schedules, hours of operation, discussion groups and chat, announcements and alerts, job
openings, career opportunities, reports and documents, search, emails, course schedules,
grades, CPGAs (Cumulative Point Grade Average), transcripts, campus and world news,
links to reference materials, bookmarks, etc. (Brakel, 2003). The roles that a portal supports
includes those of students, faculty, staff, managers, workers, provosts, academic departments,
IT facilities, scholars, researchers, prospective students, alumni, visitors, friends and vendors.
(Katz, 2002).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The purpose of this study is to develop a web based Online Registration Portal that as a
solution to the problems of the students registration currently in the institution. The purpose
of this study is aimed to solve the following problems:
1. The registration problem due to some manual means of operations which easily
lead to misplacement or loss of student information.
2. The manual pre-assessment of student registration system is very slow and consumes
a lot of time which causes the delay in completing the entire enrolment process.
3. Consume time and human effort due to long queue in the process of paying money in
the bank and registration processes.
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4. Due to manual means of generating report, such report can easily be misplaced or
loss. The outcomes from this study will assist the university to know whether or not
the problems of manual handling of students` registration and mismanagement
records have been overcome. The level of acceptance and use of e-registration by the
students of the university that will be unraveled in this study will provide a framework
for the improvement of e-registration at the university from which other universities
in the country can copy to improve their own e-registration exercise.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to prefer solution to the above stated problems being faced and to
develop a web based online registration portal for National Open University of Nigeria
(NOUN), Damaturu Study Centre using Adobe Dream weaver PHP to develop each web
page and MYSQL as the database for storage of information on the website. The objectives
are as below:
1. To have an effective way of providing courses information and exam information or
notification anywhere and anytime to the students about rapid changes of schedule.
2. To improve the privacy, user-friendliness and to enable convenient access to the
different kinds of information and services mounted on the web by users, it would be
desirable to set up a portal for channeling the vast information resources to the
different users in an efficient and effective manner.
3. To create an online Course Portal which provides a pre-assessment module that allow
courses verification to the students when login on the website. In addition, the course
portal can also automatically evaluate and showcase the report of courses of the
students.
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1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. To the Students,
Through this system, the students will be able to use the Online Registration Portal
effective for their online registration process especially for registering their personal
information, courses registration and exam registration. Example: It will also promote
students easy access to information resources, materials etc.
2. To the Faculty Members,
Through this system, the faculty members can provide all the necessary information
and resource material to their students and also be able to get the student information
from the website.
3. To the Future Researchers,
The future researchers could gain knowledge from the study on the benefits,
advantages and disadvantages, impact of developing web portals which they may
apply to their research in the future. By improving on the portal in such a way that is
being connected with inter-switch whereby students will be able to make any
necessary payment through the website, payment like school fee, acceptance fee, and
departmental fee and so on.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
In this study, online registration portal for National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN)
Damaturu Study Centre and plan to implement the system. The study intends to provide an
online registration portal home page in which it should contain the description and brief
overview about the students, courses and exam registration processes for Computer
department. The scopes of the study are:
 Online Registration portal for student information registration

 Courses Registration
 Exam Registration
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1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Administration – can access and controls the whole system
Payment: is an amount of money that is paid to someone.
Bank: is an institution where people or businesses can keep their money.
Accounts: are detailed records of all the money that a person or business receives and spends.
E: means electronic
Internet: is the computer network which allows computer users to connect with computers
all over the world, and which carries e-mail.
Design: it is a detail plan or arrangement to achieve a particular purpose.
Implementation: is the carrying out execution or practice of a plan.
Transaction: is a piece of business, for example an act of buying or selling something.
Student: is a person who is studying at a university or college.
Lecturer: is a teacher at a university or college
Institution: is a large important organization such as a university, church or bank.
Database - a collection of data neatly organized which stores the operational records
Portal – presents information from diverse sources in a unified way. Apart from the standard
search engine feature, web portals offer other services such as e-mail, announcements,
discussion board, registration, inquiry, information, databases and entertainment.
Registration – students or faculty members submits personal information to be a member to
have an access inside the campus course portal.
Courses – is a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject.
Exam – is a formal test that you take to show your knowledge or ability in a particular
subject or obtain a qualification.
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
Katz (2002) divides portals into two groups: horizontal and vertical (VEPs) portals. VEPs
(Vertical Enterprise Portals). Gartner (year) says include shopping mall portals and those on
sports, etc. Horizontal Enterprise Portals or MegaPortals include: Excite, yahoo, AltaVista,
etc (Gartner, 2007). Now, Intranets are also called Enterprise portals. Lakos (2004) gives the
key principles that should govern a portal rollout as (1) Simplicity – users want a simple and
clear web environment. (2) Dependability – the site and its contents should be available
always and should be predictable (3) Quantifiable value – users should feel self-sufficient and
realize added value from using the portal (4) Personalization – users should be able to change
the site to their personal preferences (5) Systematic management – long term success requires
a systematic approach and long term commitment.
A study by JISC RSC (Regional Support Centre) London on behalf of the Excellence
Gateway published in 2008 on Richmond Adult Community College: Using Technology to
make a step in business efficiency and responsiveness, was to see how the college could use
new technology on the business side first -the priority was to use new technologies to reduce
transaction costs between the college and the public. What the study projects is to get
prospectus online, web based enrolment, web registration, timetabling module, online
helpdesk and e payment. The outcomes of this project includes: Reliable electronic
registration linking the student database to finance systems and modules for payroll and staff
development - ensures accurate payments and strong financial control; Learners enjoy the
convenience of online enrolment (course permitting) with 35% of enrolments now made on
the Web; The simple web-based Quality Assurance System was an early action that greatly
improved timeliness and efficiency of getting learner feedback from the previous paper-based
process and; Co-development of many of these modules enabled them to obtain bespoke
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systems more cost-effectively as the software company were able to gain commercial
advantage through the developments (JISC, 2008).
Matovu (2009) in a study titled, availability, accessibility and use of ICT in management of
students’ academic affairs in Makerere University finds that this emerged because of the
problem that there was mismanagement of students’ academic records despite the
technological advancement that had advanced in the University. Such problems include loss
of marks, miscalculation of marks to mention but a few. The study intends to establish how
ICT affected management of students’ academic affairs. It applied both correlation and cross
sectional survey design. Data were collected using semi-structured survey questionnaires and
interviews.
Correlations were used to determine the extent to which ICT was related to management of
students` academic affairs and a cross sectional survey design was used because data were to
be collected at one time from the sample of lecturers and administrators of Makerere
University. Findings indicate that internet facilities, computers, management information
systems, electronic databases all were available and accessible to administrators, lecturers
and students though with restricted access for viewing results, record keeping, setting and
marking exams. ICT for registration was used for tracking students’ registration progress by
administrators and academic progressing.
Cao and Brodnick (2002) in a research titled, what social factors affect students’ use of online
registration: an exploratory study, investigated factors that affect college students; use of
online registration service that was then recently offered in a private university in Northern
California. Findings show that during the first year 31% of students who pre-registered their
courses and results show that academic and demographic factors affected students’ use of
online registration service. It also shows pharmacy and international studies students and high
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income families had higher perception of use. However, results did not show a sign of impact
of gender on the use of online registration.
Brakel (2003) in his paper on Information portals: a strategy for importing external content
discusses the current lack of clarity on how to address the external information issue in
conjunction with the current popularity of portals and their multiplicity, emphasizing in
particular the confusion in regards to what constitutes each portal type. The issue of
definition intensifies when the term information portals becomes added to the current list of
portal categories. To conclude, it proposes a strategy to ensure that external information
sources are perceived by an enterprise as of strategic importance.
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature
According to Robert Moskowitz of Matrix: The Magazine for Leaders in Education, when
you hear the word "portal" you might immediately think of one of the many commercial Web
sites, such as Yahoo or Excite, that populate the Internet today. As the term implies, these
services are the gateway to the Internet for many people, offering news, search functions,
sports scores, shopping and movie reviews.
A registration portal, on the other hand, is the entry point for a college or university. It
provides a centralized source of information and services for students, prospective students,
faculty, suppliers, administrators, alumni and friends.
The term registration portal can mean anything from a relatively simple set of Web-based
application and payment services, to a comprehensive online interface offering highly
personalized and customizable access to nearly all the features and benefits of campus life
and work.
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Registration portals can provide entry points to anything from e-shopping for books and
campus regalia, to Web access, student activity information, class resources, syllabi and
assignment listings, and homework submission, as well as online class registration and tuition
payment.
A Relatively New Concept
Registration portals were pioneered by UCLA in 1999, to be followed by similar systems at
the University of Washington and the University of Buffalo. Advancements in software
simplify the work involved in building comprehensive portals from scratch. As a result, most
schools can launch a pilot portal within 12 months. Expansion and roll out takes longer,
however, and a continually evolving portal is an unending process.
Only about 5 percent of universities currently have campus portals, but many other are on the
way. Some 80 percent of U.S. colleges with enrollments of more than 1,000 will have
registration portals by 2005, predicts the Connecticut-based Gartner Group.
"They will become as essential to the campus experience as the quad," predicts Matthew
Pittinsky, chairman of Blackboard Inc., the Washington, D.C.-based vendor of enterprise
software for about 1,400 universities and schools.
"Portals are on everyone's mind right now, both within the university and externally," agrees
Dirk Herr-Hoyman, project manager at the University of Wisconsin's Department of
Information Technology, in Madison, Wisc. "In not too many years, every university will
have a personalized portal system."
Targeted Services
"A portal gives the ability to serve our constituents better, giving them what they need
without the things they don't need," says Dan Kelo, manager, special project development,
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information resources at Pepperdine. "As Web sites grow, they become difficult to navigate.
Our campus portal allows us to target services to our constituents."
Herr-Hoyman agrees: "The benefits will be in keeping and attracting world-class students
and faculty," he says. "That's important to us as a university. We're not cutting staff or
expenses; we're trying to do more with the budgets we already have by providing better
services."
While portals involve complex technologies, their cost is relatively low. Advertising-
supported systems can pay for themselves. One early portal business model was to give the
software free to institutions, then lace the portal's pages with advertising.
Vendors like Blackboard and PeopleSoft tend to bundle their portal systems with their
existing offerings, because the portals are part of the campus-wide system the universities
have already purchased from these vendors. Companies that specialize in portal design can
charge as much as $250,000. But, the acquisition cost is only a fraction of the total
implementation expense.
For example, the University of Wisconsin will spend millions for implementation and
development during the life of its portal system. Much of that cost will go to making other
applications accessible through the portal. New software is usually written with the Web in
mind, but integrating a school's standalone systems (often legacies from 20 years ago) and its
data can be time-consuming and expensive.
"A portal supports staff, alumni, students, faculty and others," says Blackboard's Pittinsky."
It's the common interface for all the services each of these constituencies cares about on
campus."
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Portals lower the cost of delivering student services by leveraging the time and effort of
students and faculty, who can use the portal to complete forms online for automated
processing, reducing the need for administrative staff time. Another benefit is the students'
ability to pay fees online. This can generate higher collections, often through debit cards that
have lower transaction fees than credit cards.
What are Portals?
At the most basic level, portals gather a variety of useful information resources into a single,
“one-stop” Web page, helping the user to avoid being overwhelmed by “info glut” or feeling
lost on the Web. But since no two people have the same interests, portals allow users to
customize their information sources by selecting and viewing only the information they find
personally useful. Some portals also let you personalize your portal by including private
information (such as your stock portfolio or checking-account balance).
Put simply, an institution’s portal is designed to make an individual’s Web experience more
efficient and thereby make the institution as a whole more productive and responsive. But
portals have an economic and social impact that extends far beyond any basic functional
definition. Eighty nine percent of the estimated fifty eight million people using the Web in
the United States use some type of portal.
It is estimated that over 20 percent of the Internet’s retail e-commerce is portal-based. And
though portals have historically been developed from search-engine-based sites (e.g., Yahoo,
Excite, Lycos, Alta Vista) or ISP-based sites (e.g., AOL, Earthlink, Prodigy), their value goes
far beyond a Web page containing a directory of URLs. One author described a portal as a
place to start your day and get a little news. It is an epicenter of the Web experience, a “home
base,” a place to return to when you get lost, a place to keep your information, a place from
which to communicate with others, and a trusty guide to all things ‘Web.’
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Local Literature
FEU-EAC Online Student registration Portal
For the past few years, FEU-EAC has been continuously trying to find ways on how to
improve its services for the students in terms of providing information, registration and other
school transactions. It is eyeing the step-by-step growth and enhancement from manual,
partial automation and full-automation of its systems. Considering the ideal goal of providing
fast and convenient services and also the advantage of reaching out to its students from
distant areas, online enrolment is definitely the most recommended innovation. Bearing in
mind this ultimate goal, the College took its first step by having some of it services online.
From thereon, My FEU - East Asia College Student Portal was conceptualized.
My FEU - East Asia College Student Portal was made to assist FEU-EAC students in
providing basic information related to their academic records, registration and assessments.
Likewise, this will also give privilege to the students to submit their requests and transactions
via Internet.
Enrolled students will be given accounts, usernames and passwords, to access and login to
My FEU - East Asia College Student Portal. Students can then access this portal via Internet
wherein they can now conveniently inquire information or do basic student transactions
anywhere and anytime they want.
This system basically includes the following:
 My Profile – this is where students could view their personal and contact information. A
special feature was provided for the students for possible requests to update their personal
information or records.
 Student Academic Information – this is where students could view their academic
records such as grades, class schedules and current assessments.
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 On-line Self–Enrolment – this allows the regular students with no previous balances and
accountabilities to do self-enrolment via Internet.
 Other Services – this is where students could access the Student Coordinating Council
Voting System, upload files through My Portfolio or mark the important events or
activities on their calendars through My Planner.
Certainly, FEU - East Asia College Student Portal will be enhanced and additional services
will be incorporated in the future. Nevertheless, the Student Portal definitely raised the bar of
the College in rendering quality services for its students.
2.2 Review on Online course registration system at Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University offers more than 3,000 curriculums per semester, and online course
registration seven times. More than 500,000 students will register courses via those
registration activities, which have become an important part of academic administration. All
students have to register courses via the online registration system opened in 1998. To be an
exception, some compulsory courses are offered to the freshman in the entrance according to
their classification. The registration will be carried out by two kinds of drawing lots, real time
(undergraduate students) and system automatic (graduate students).
Early 2006, we started a special project in the 2nd phase of "985" named by "the
modernization of technical platform supporting education”. To emphasize the student-
oriented concept, improve the efficiency and quality of course registration, and fully meet
registration requirements, we used a totally new registration mechanism in the
implementation of this new online course registration system, which supports classification
education training for undergraduate students, common course registration of both
undergraduate and graduate students, and teaching activities across semesters. We
reconstructed the online course registration system by introducing new registration
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mechanism, system architecture and design method to ensure the system more flexible and
adaptable to support all kinds of students and online courses.
The system was put into use in April 2009. After two years’ usage, with the high attention of
high level management teams, all academies and departments, proactive cooperation of all
teachers and students, the system now has reached domestic advanced level through
continuous improvement. It solved perfectly the problems like fake registration numbers,
course chose by system is not the real one wanted, and unfair registration etc. It will
introduce system design and implementation from 3 aspects:
Registration mechanism, System architecture and Design method.
i. REGISTRATION MECHANISM
The online course registration system is the central part of the educational administration
system. We did research on registration mechanism before system design. Based on the
analysis on some existing registration mechanism, we proposed three operative registration
methods: point assignment, willingness and drawing lots. After collecting feedback and
comments from all teachers and students, we decided to use the method of willingness.
Concerning the real situation and previous problems in the method of drawing lots, we
optimized and adjusted the existing drawing lots method by using multi-level, multi-
classification and multi-willingness. The students’ willingness is considered when deciding
the registration priority. It means the registration willingness will influence the rate of
drawing lots to solve the problem mentioned above like fake registration numbers to meet
students’ requirement maximally.
After finalized registration mechanism, we separated the registration process into 3 phases
which are same to previous ones: registration, adjustment and dropping. Detailed description
could be found below:
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A. In the registration phase we used the willingness method. Three willing levels are
designed for compulsory courses for undergraduate students, restriction courses,
optional courses and physical courses, with exceptional high priority for optional
courses. For graduate students, three willing levels are also designed for degree
courses, non-degree courses and physical courses with exceptional high priority for
degree courses and non degree courses. For the overloaded courses, the system itself
will draw lots randomly in the background according to the students’ current training
plan and willing level.
B. In the adjustment phase the students can register via first-come-first-serve if the
capacity of the courses allows.
C. In the dropping phase the students could do nothing but drop courses.
TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE
The online registration system is a periodic heavy load system especial in the
registration phase: too many online users and concurrent operations, which are
relatively minor in other phases. So it’s very important to choose appropriate system
architecture.
A. User model
First of all, we analyzed the current system users. Registration activities involve all
undergraduate students, graduate students, most of teachers, graduate schools,
academic affairs office, and all related education administrators. Considering the large
number of system users and wide coverage, the users are separated into three
categories:
• Student: It refers to the undergraduate and graduate students who will inquire
online courses and complete registration steps to generate personal registration
table.
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• Teacher: It refers to the users who will deliver courses, and check the status
of online course registration.
• Administrator: It refers to the users who will control registration process,
adjust detailed information of online courses according to the real-time
registration status, and complete administration tasks in the background
including drawing lots, willingness release, etc.
ii. TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE
There are tens of thousands people involved in registration activities as the major part.
System administrators are relatively stable while administration operations are
complicated. Based on the analysis of user category and activities, the system design
is using the integration of C/S architecture based on Citrix and B/S architecture based
on J2EE, which is also integrated together with authorization system and official
portal of Tsinghua University.
• C/S: C/S architecture is used to implement administration functionalities.
Developing environment is PowerBuild 10.2. The B/S access method is
implemented in C/S system by applying Citrix technology. In this way, the
system implements seamless integration and roaming access between C/S and
B/S, which solves the problem that it’s not convenient for application access
and update.
• B/S: B/S architecture is used to implement all kinds of functionalities for the
students and teachers by using JAVA. The framework is based on Spring and
Hibernate. It uses MVC structure which separates view, business and model.
• Authorization: It’s integrated into authorization system directly which ensures
all kinds of users can access the online course registration system via portal,
and doesn’t require the 2nd account and password.
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• View: Through the two channels of teaching and teaching management, the
system integrates all functionalities related to course registration via direct
integration with portal. The students and teachers can take required actions via
registration item listed in the channel of teaching. The administrators can run
operation according to their role assignment after entering the channel of
teaching management.
iii. SYSTEM DESIGN
A. External relationship: As the intermediate link in the teaching chain, course
registration has relation to teaching planning, course arrangement, examination
arrangement and scores management, which means course registration system has to
cooperate with enrollment system, course system, teaching planning system, training
system, examination arrangement system and scores management system. Based on
the clarification of systems connections and relationship, the definition of system
interface and message is described in the figure 1 below:
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It can be seen that enrollment system, course system, teaching planning system,
training system, are superstratum systems which provide basic data for course
registration system. Examination arrangement system and scores management system
are then substratum systems which will digest data provided by course registration
system. The system interfaces are finalized:
• For superstratum systems, course registration system read all data initiatively.
It will try to get a mass of basic data only once, and then save those data as the
base for course registration. Later on, it will update accordingly if there’s any
new information. For other kinds of data, it will read them on demand and
won’t save them at all.
• For substratum systems, they can’t access registration data directly but only
wait the data pushed out by course registration system to ensure registration
date revised unconsciously.
B. Function structure
The course registration flow consists of data preparation, registration, adjustment,
retaking and retesting, dropping in the middle phase which actually will be carried out
by students, teachers and administrators. The system functionalities are designed
based on the major flow and involved system users. Details could be found in figure
2:
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The implementation of willingness method is the key part including: priority
determination and drawing lots calculation which can refer to my another paper:
‘Research and implementation of volunteer course selection algorithm’.
2.3 BENEFITS OF USE
The fact that use of e-registration provides information in a real-time, electronic format that
allows confirmation of students` enrollment status; Students are also able to find and
schedule more of the courses they need; it is used as confirmation of a student's intent to
remain enrolled for the semester. E-registration is a system that could easily manage its
student body while also providing added bonuses, with a main goal being to ease the transfer
of information. It simplifies the registration process through a Web-enabled, user-friendly
wizard and digitizes all supporting documents using intuitive processes and tools. The
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education system requires a tremendous amount of data and documentation, and this e-
registration solution allows institutions to focus less on processing paperwork and more on
what matters most — meeting the educational needs of their students by having a cost-
efficient, secure registration process that allows for easy access to student files. Intranets and
portals are supposed to provide an infrastructure through which end-users can gain effective
access to information sources needed to assist in daily tasks such as effective decision
making, planning and research (Brakel, 2003).
Just like with the Internet, businesses have been at the forefront of tapping from the portal
technology to rethink how traditional websites can be recognized to serve and transform their
corporate goals. It is important to note that a website gives information about the organization
and its significant difference to a portal is that one does not search for information as one
does on the website but necessary information is provided at your fingertips on the portal
already personalized information. It has become popular for academic institutions and
universities in Nigeria to have their corporate presence on the Web within the last five years.
The National Universities Commission, NUC and other international bodies in tertiary
education have come up with the webometrics of universities across the world to highlight
the growing importance of the Web to the running and administration of universities
(www.nuc.edu.ng). Administrators of the universities have had to either to go about the
website creation with the use of in-house developers or contract vendors. The latter are firms
offering colleges and universities sophisticated websites through which students can obtain
campus and other information and engage various collegial and institutional services. Indeed,
at most universities abroad and at some Nigerian institutions the portal is used for specialized
learning and virtual learning. E-registration was pioneered in Nigeria by the Joint Admission
and Matriculation Board (JAMB) that discarded with the old method of manual registration
for its examinations and adopted the on-line registration, which is the system currently in
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vogue worldwide. Consequently, it began with registration of thousands of candidates,
registering for the 2006/2007 Monotechnics, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education
(MPCE) examination. This was adopted and each candidate is required to either scan a
printed passport photograph or download a digital copy which is to be fixed to the form. In
addition, to this, a slip, containing the particulars and photograph of the candidate, will be
printed out, and which will be the passport to the examination hall, adding that the
examination supervisor will also have a copy of the slip for confirming the candidates
identity (Vanguard Newspapers, 2006).
Many institutions in Nigeria have been somewhat quick to recognize the powerful
transformational potential of portals and have developed and implemented their own.
One of such is the portal of National Open University of Nigeria. Broadly one could argue
that an institution with increasing student numbers, operating in a society with an increasing
desire for instant access to information, needs to carefully consider new ways in which it can
interact more effectively with its students (Brown 2000 77; Twigg and Oblinge 1997).
However, many institutions have just gone on board without any regard for infrastructural
support, availability of internet access to students, user education, etc.
2.4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework that will be used in the study is the Input-Process- Output Model.
In the IPO model, a process is viewed as a series of boxes (processing elements) connected
by inputs and outputs. Information or material objects flow through a series of task or
activities based on a set of rules or description points. Flow charts and process diagrams are
often used to represent the process. What goes in is the input; what causes the change is the
process; what comes out is the output. The IPO model will provide the general structure and
guide for the direction of study.
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The Input-Process-Output Model also known as the IPO+S Model is a functional model and
conceptual schema of a general system. An IPO chart identifies a program’s inputs, its
outputs, and the processing steps required to transform the inputs into the outputs.
The IPO model has many interdisciplinary applications, and is used to convey systems
fundamentals in IT overview education and as a brainstorming, preliminary investigation tool
in systems development processes. It consists of at least three, and sometimes four, distinct
components. In contemporary Information Technology, it is almost always discussed as a
three component model in which the fourth is a named optional.
The components of the IPO model are defined as:
 Input - The information, ideas, and resources used
 Processing - Actions taken upon/using input or stored material
 Output - Results of the processing that then exit the system
2.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Faculty will The student will then Student will then

inform the login into the print out the
students to start registration portal registration
the registration with his/her matric processes report
processes number & password
and commence the
processes
Figure 1.1 Paradigm of faculty on

registration portal
22
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Students will The faculty will The student will
login in the portal display registration fill each of the
page processes forms & submit it
to database
Figure 1.3 Paradigm of student’s

login page
23
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Understanding of what system analysis mean will be great importance before giving into
detail discussion about analysis of existing system.
In order to just computerize without solving the problem, information collected should be
organized and analyzed because it is when the problems and potentials are clearly identified
that the new system could be use to solve the problem.
3.1 METHODS OF RESEARCH
The main instrument for this study is the questionnaire and the analysis essential measure.
However, in some instances, the interview method was used to gather data. The target
population of the study was students – undergraduates of National Open University of
Nigeria, Damaturu Study Centre, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. This approach of research
is most appropriate to gather accounts of students` experiences on use of the e-registration
portal and identify user requirements to further improve acceptability and use. The study
adopted a case study research design using both questionnaire and interview. The interview
was face to face and employed open ended questions in line with De Vos (2002) that
provided a set of predetermined questions and guides them thinking about the content of the
interview to be covered. The choice of a case study approach is because it provides a basis for
closer integration of theory and practice. This is also supportive of the colorful nature of the
study. The in-depth interviews administered by the researcher in a semi-structured way were
conducted on 11 respondents in separate sessions. The respondents were adequately educated
on the purpose of the interview and on issues of confidentiality.
The questionnaire was used to collect preliminary data and thereafter the face to face
interview conducted on the 10 respondents that included key student union leaders and staff
24
(e-registration team members in the institute). The questionnaire items were designed to
strictly measure students` acceptance and use of web-based registration as well as outcome of
use thereby ensuring content validity, predictive validity, concurrent validity, construct
validity, face validity, reliability and test stability. Precisely, the reliability was determined
via a test-retest reliability method of two weeks interval. The reliability co-efficient via
Cronbach alpha returned an r=0.87 indicating that the instrument is highly reliable to
achieving stated objectives.
3.2 POPULATION
The target population of the study comprises the students of the National Open University of
Nigeria, Damaturu Study Centre, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. The Institution has six
Faculties. The targeted populations used are students from institution and most of them are
from Computer Department of about 100 students in total.
3.3 DATA ANALYSIS
Data collected on the study were analyzed using percentages and frequency count. Because
the frequency count will shows the occurrence number and percentage will show percentage
of each of the respondents.
1. System architecture
Based upon the experiences of the previous registration process, it was anticipated
that 100 workstations would be necessary for the purposes of the registration exercise.
These workstations, which would be a mixture of PC-compatible machines and Apple
Macintosh systems, would be distributed throughout the University departments and
campus. For each of these two types of system, a user-friendly interface program
(front-end) was written, which would display the equivalent of the original paper
registration form. The student data would be retrieved from an information store,
25
written using System. In the following sections we shall examine this architecture in
more detail.
2. The student information storage and retrieval
It is important that the student information is stored and manipulated in a manner
which protects it from failures such as machine crashes. Furthermore, this information
must be accessible from anywhere in the campus, and consistent despite concurrent
accesses. Therefore, a distributed information store (the registration database) was
built using the facilities provided by System. The database represents each student
record as a separate persistent object, the StudentRecord, which is responsible for its
own concurrency control, state management, and replication. This enables update
operations on different student records (StudentRecord objects) to occur concurrently,
improving the throughput of the system. Each StudentRecord object was manipulated
within the scope of an atomic action, which was begun whenever a front-end system
requested access to the student data; this registration action may modify the student
record, or simply terminate without modifying the data, depending upon the front-end
user's requirements.
Each StudentRecord has methods for storing and retrieving the student's information:
retrieveRecord: obtain the student data record from the database, acquiring a read lock
in the process.
retrieveExclusiveRecord: obtain the student data record, acquiring a write (exclusive)
lock.
storeRecord: store the student data in the database; if a record already exists then this
operation fails.
replaceRecord: create/overwrite the student data in the database.
26
These methods are accessed through a server process; one server for each object.
To improve the availability of the database, it was decided to replicate each
StudentRecord object, as described in Section 2. Because it is possible to replicate an
object's methods (the server processes) and state independently we decided to
replicate the object states on three machines dedicated to this purpose (HP710s), the
object stores. The system could therefore tolerate the failure of two object store
machines.
Each student is identified within the University, and to the database system, by a
unique student number. With a suitable hashing function, the student number was
found to provide a uniform distribution of primary servers across the server machines.
When a primary machine failure was detected, each client machine recomputed the
location of the new primary server for each student object based upon the new number
of available machines.
It was possible to use five machines for both client and server processes. Thus eight
machines are employed in all, with up to 100 front-end systems.
Included with the front-ends were 2-5 swipe-stations, which were introduced in the
second year of operation. Registration forms were modified to include a bar-code
containing the student's registration number. This was used by the swipe-stations to
quickly determine the status of a student. These stations were only used to read the
student's data, and therefore no modification of the data occurred.
1. Registration operation
Having described the overall system architecture we shall now examine the operation
of the registration system, showing how existing students were registered, new
students were added to the system, and the data was examined.
27
2. Initial set-up
Prior to the start of the registration period, the database was pre-loaded with data
pertaining to existing students, and data from the national university admissions
scheme, UCAS, who supply data concerning new students who are expected to arrive
at the University. However, under some circumstances it was expected that a small
number of new student records would have to be created during the registration
process itself:
A registration transaction consists of the following operations:
(i) either opening (asking to retrieve) the record, or creating a new record.
(ii) displaying the record on the screen of the front-end system.
(iii) either closing it unmodified, or storing the record in the database.
The entire transaction occurs with an atomic action. The actual operations will be
described in more detail later but we present an overview here:
Open: retrieves an existing record from the database. This operation is used when the
record may be modified by the front-end system, and therefore a write-lock is
obtained on the database object.
New: for students not already registered in the database this operation allows a new
record to be created and modified before being stored.
Close: terminates the atomic action without modifying the record in the database.
Store: stores the record in the database, and terminates the atomic action.
Read: retrieves an existing record from the database, in read-only mode. This
operation is typically used by the swipe-stations, and does not allow modification of
the record. Therefore, the System client immediately invokes a Close request upon
receiving the student data.
28
In order to start the processing of a record, the user is required to enter the student
number, which is the user's method of keying into the student record database. A
registration transaction is started upon receipt by System client of an Open or New
request from a front-end; the client starts an atomic action and the object
corresponding to that record is activated. This involves the creation of a server
process, which is then requested to retrieve the object from the object store. The
architecture described above clearly implies that there is one instance of a client for
each active front end. Thus, there should be at most one such active object extant for
each client. Although the workstation programs were intended to avoid the possibility
of multiple Open calls being made, it was decided to insure against erroneous
behaviour on the part of the front-end by implementing the client program as a simple
finite state machine.
3.4 SOLUTION PROFERRED BY THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The solution proffered is to develop an online registration portal that can perform the below:
1. Registration of students in the faculty of science
2. Online Course Registration processes
3. Online Exam registration processes
4. Provision of payment details
3.5 VARIABLES USED AND ITS RELATIONSHIP
i. VARIABLE USED FOR REGISTRATION
The variables needed for the processing of registration are: name, matric no,
password, department, programme and school.
ii. VARIABLE USED FOR LOGIN PAGE
The variables are matric no and password.
29
iii. VARIABLE USED FOR COURSE REGISTRATION PAGE
The variables are matric no, password, level, course of study, course title,
course code, unit and amount.
iv. VARIABLE USED FOR EXAM REGISTRATION PAGE
The variables are matric no, password, level, course of study, exam duration,
exam code, venue course registered for.
30
CHAPTER FOUR
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this chapter is to show and identify a fully documented operational
system that is implemental on a computer system.
By so doing, the following activities would be carried out;
1. Development of computer-based software.
2. To test-run the computer program with capture data to ensure proper execution.
3. Preparing the documentation.
4.2 PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
The Online Registration Portal website can be implemented on any micro-computer
configuration with the following capacities:
i. An hard disk of at least 40GB
ii. 256 RAM memory
iii. Pentium IV 1.0 MHz
iv. Window 7 operating system
v. Macromedia Dreamweaver CS5
vi. Wamp server
vii. Microsoft Office suite
Any microcomputer of the above capacity is required to be used, the only important thing is
that PHP is used to design the package resides on the hard disk. The computer used in
designing and implementing the grade point average (GPA) package is HP Intel centrino
Duo. Processor 1.8 GHz, 1.4 GHz, 1.4 GB of RAM, 160 hard disk capacity.
31
4.3 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
PHP was used in designing the Online Registration Portal whereby sequential query language
(SQL) database is used in designing the database for the registration processes, which
consists of all the names of student, course code, and overall exam registration information.
4.3.1 PROGRAM FORM DATABASE
This is a normalization that interprets the database form.
For the LOG IN entity
LOG IN
USERNAME OTHERNAME PASSWORD
For Student data entity
STUD
ENT
DATA
SURNAME OTHER MATRIC COMBINATION LEVEL SESSION SEMESTER

NAME NO
For Course data entity
COURSE
INFO
MATRIC LEVEL COURSE COURSE COURSE TOTAL SEMESTER

NO CODE UNIT TITLE UNIT
For Exam data entity

Exam
INFO
MATRIC LEVEL EXAM EXAM DEPARTMENT NO OF SEMESTER

NO CODE DATE COURSES
32
4.4 DATA DICTIONARY
LOG IN SURNAME
TABLE COMMENTS:
Field Type Null Default
Lg id int (10) No 0
Username varchar (20) No 0
Othername varchar (20) No 0
Password varchar (20) No 0
STUDENT DATA
TABLE COMMENTS:
Surname varchar (20) No 0
Othername varchar (20) No 0
Matric No varchar (20) No 0
Combination varchar (20) No 0
Level varchar (20) No 0
Session varchar (20) No 0
Semester varchar (20) No 0
COURSE REGISTRATION
Course Code varchar (20) No 0
Course Title varchar (20) No 0
Course Unit varchar (20) No 0
33
Total unit varchar (20) No 0
EXAM REGISTRATION
Department varchar (20) No 0
No of Courses varchar (20) No 0

Date varchar (50) No 0
Exam Code varchar (20) No 0
4.4.1 IMPLEMENTING THE PROPOSED PROJECT
For a computing service to support the mission aims and strategic direction of its institution,
its support devices must be responsive to and flexible in meeting the needs of those who are
their customers and it must undertake research into what is required of them.
In order to achieve reasonable success in implementing this project, the following aspects
must be considered.
 To design by making affordable hardware for the implementation scheme.
 Configuration of the hardware which will be discussed in the next phase.
 Handling of online registration information.
 Continuous updating and upgrading of the developed systems and Infrastructures.
 The types of network implemented.
4.4.2 NETWORK SCALE
The type of network to be used in this project as discussed earlier is the local area network
(LAN). We will consider the network scale which will determine the number of client
34
computer to use, the review of the software and some special requirement that will leads to
the configuration of the network client/server. The entire organization will be preferred to run
on a single server network. This allows the centralization of a number of file services, the
maintaining of a strong control over the network environment, workflow and group ware
achieving simple administration and easy installation configuring the network server.
The server here performs the following tasks: client-server application, Database and
communication. They are the waiters of the network world, existing simply to satisfy the
requirements of the clients. Many computers rely on the services of a server. Good network
operating systems are therefore implemented with features such as protected pre-emptive
multitasking which prevents poorly server components software from crashing the server and
strong security which allows the management of whoever has access to the different
resources stored or provided by the server. The only difference between a server and a client
is the software each one is running.
Network operating system, which runs on the client and provides access to the resources
shared by the server. The purpose of the client network software is to make the services that
are available on the network appear to the client’s computer. After the network server
software installation is the network adapter card configuration. Servers communicate on the
network through their network adapter card.
4.4.3 NETWORK CLIENTS AND NETWORK SERVICES
The final link to connecting the client computers to the network is the network clients and the
network services software.
They are packages that bring a log into the Network but with the application of Sequential
query language (SQL) database, it makes the work very easier because SQL package is
35
already a network-based server, and the most important thing needed is the installation of
Database on the server and the interface in the client system.
4.4.4 HOW IT WORKS
The database runs on the server computer and only the user interface runs on the client-server
database. It provides a better database performance and reduces the network traffic.
The database runs a program in the server computer that takes over the tasks of manipulating
the database files stored on the file server. Then, the client database program send requests to
the database program to perform and manipulate for them.
4.5 IMPLEMENTATION
As discussed earlier in the previous chapter about the module we have in the program, I shall
review them by starting the program one by one, to really see how each module is
implemented.
4.5.1 USING THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FORMS
A very good example of a graphical user interface (GUI) form is the student data form. This
serves as a link/platform between the user and the database.
It is where new records are brought into the system; there is a need to keep the records of
each one of them. Clicking the OK button on the password form, enters the student data and
immediately changes until student data is made and it is updated by clicking OK button on
student data form which updates the data entered and also data could be edited by clicking on
the edit button.
The same process of opening the Graphical User Interface (GUI) form is applicable to the
SET WP, PASSWORD, REG, this information have(their individual forms for entering data
pertaining to the information based on them.
36
This project has 6 forms working dependently, they are as follows:
Set-up page
Password form
Student reg. forms
Course reg. forms
Exam reg. forms
Report Page
4.5.2 SET UP FORM
The set up form is accessible by the staff only that it requires the user name which is the
surname and the password which must not be more than 6 (six) digits. When a new staff is
being employed into the office, his/her name and password must first be registered by
clicking on set up, here the database of staff will be displayed and the new staff is now
registered and his/her information is saved. It also contains course registration form.
The Snapshot is:
4.5.3 PASSWORD FORM
37
Immediately, the set up button on the set up form is clicked, the password form is displayed.
The new staff or worker now saved his/her data enters the name, username, new password
which must not be more than 6 digits. Immediately, the OK button is clicked, then the
password is saved.
SNAPSHOT PAGE OF LOGIN PAGE
4.5.4 STUDENT DATA FORM
This is the form that takes in the student’s information including:
SNAPSHOT REPORT OF STUDENT REGISTRATION PAGE
38
Since there is database backing up this form if a name is type, followed by the Matric number
and so on, the OK button is clicked, it will now bring the course page.
39
4.5.5 EXAM REGISTRATION FORM
40
4.5.6 PORTAL REPORT PAGE
41
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
The study examined acceptance and use of e-registration at National Open University of
Nigeria, Damaturu Study Centre, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. The results obtained show
that the use of e-registration by students have made more time available for them to do things
other than spend so much time on manual registration. There is a high perception of use of e-
registration by users but this can be complemented by provision of institutional access to the
internet for the students and a whole lot more of features such as access on the portal to
results, chat facility, etc. Portal management can also be made better to avoid issues such as
course codes not matching course titles, pin rejection, etc to ease frustration of users with e-
registration. The aim of this study is to investigate the acceptance and use of a university's e-
registration student users which may be used for analysis in more in-depth studies. The
research first measures the users' levels of perception. The findings and results support user
satisfaction, portal reliability, in line with the findings of Tarn, Razi, Wiley and Hsu (2007)
and that of Crawford (2004) in studies on the use of electronic information services by
students at Glasgow Caledonian University. In addition to benefit the studied university in
maintaining a more reliable, stable, and expansive portal technology and environment, it is
hoped that this study will contribute to other educational institutions when assessing portal
technology and related initiatives. The present registration portal at National Open University
of Nigeria, Damaturu Study Centre, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria, like other portals started
by offering some services but should with time deliver increasing number of services such as
the results of this study show, with student requirement including access to grades,
transcripts, contact advisor, chat rooms, etc. This is in tandem with a similar study by
(Looney and Lyman 2000) that found that- most current in-house portal projects have just
42
begun to realize that a portal cannot be turned off once it is begun: thus campuses need to
understand that recurring budgetary commitments are needed. Lastly, while it cannot be
certain that the number of students arriving at the university with their own internet ready
devices will grow significantly over the next few years one cannot rely on this as a complete
solution and the institution will still need to cater for those that do not have this kind of
access as the results show most users of the National Open University of Nigeria registration
portal access it from outside the institution presently at public internet cafes that have to be
paid for.
The result in this project is the registration portal of students in Open and Distance Learning
Institution. PHP is used for the automation of registration processes. The final output gives us
the report of each student, instead of the formal format given to us initially that is electronic
calculation replacing the manual calculation.
The advance in php raises a more pressing question than the object-orientation, however,
because the language and environment are now so vast, does one approach it all, to be
sincere, it would now take several thousand pages to cover everything that can now be done
in PHP, particularly, if widely distributed, custom control are thrown into the mix.
Each student’s record is collected and added to the student’s database and updated.
5.2 CONCLUSION
There is an enormous amount of potential for the university to exploit the implementation of
an online registration portal. This technology can stipulate university growth and
development. The scope magnitude of change that are occurring in department today are both
exciting and daunting, very particularly we are contemplating how we will manage the many
streams of technological innovations pouring into our department and networked information
world.
43
The study analyzed acceptance and use of electronic registration by students at National
Open University of Nigeria, Damaturu Study Centre, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria, and the
study finds that users of the registration portal require; access to grades, contact with advisor,
communication and other features on the portal; users want more National Open University
of Nigeria, Damaturu Study Centre, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria based access to the
portal. Therefore, it is concluded that studies on user requirements of e-registration should be
continuous and at intervals to receive feedback from users by managers of the portal with a
view to meeting user requirements for better ease of use. It may not be enough to just initiate
online registration and associated services without taking into consideration user perceptions,
requirements, needs and challenges, all of which will contribute to the overall goal of the
institution to enhance learning and at the same time manage student records appropriately. It
becomes even more important to conduct similar studies in our 21st century electronic driven
environment.
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
Based on the finding of the study, it is hereby recommended that the e-registration portal be
made to accommodate additional features required by the users. Despite the high perception
of use of e-registration, it is important for more access points to be made available on-campus
(National Open University of Nigeria, Damaturu Study Centre, Damaturu, Yobe State,
Nigeria- based) for ease of use. The general functionality of the portal should also be
improved upon such areas as ‗images upload‘, ‗back‘, ‗save page‘, ‗save and return to
complete later` and similar features. User education in ICT generally and e-registration in
particular is needed. In the case of pre-degree students` accessing the portal for enrolment,
etc, better management of access to scratch cards/pin codes for the users is crucial.
44
Since the single server network is being used, there are some requirements that must exist
before it can be used perfectly. The purchase of network operating systems such as windows
Netware (Window 7). This program runs on the server and gives it, its server personality. It
distinguishes a server from a client on a network or preferable host it on a website.
 Server hardware: The server is the heart or the focal point of the network.
For this reason, the server must be fast in order to quickly respond to client requests
and it must have enough capacity (hardware space and memory) to store files and
perform task for many servers.
 Special Requirements: Ethernet in a heavily network, there is no guarantee that a
computer will be able to wait for silence before transmitting the Ethernet takes the
responsibility of having a smooth flow of network.
5.4 POSSIBLE LIMITATION OF THE SOFTWARE
Very particularly, there are aspects that we can more or less call our limitation; they are
discussed in this area. It is important to get people’s feedback to really have an understanding
of how we can improve rapidly, and it is important to let them know what is been done has
been, the sort of the risks that are deemed unacceptable, and what we do to minimize the
organization’s exposure to them.
For now, the program software will not be able to function as a web-based application.
Hence, external users or user that is not within Open and Distance Learning will not be able
to access information.
This limitation can be corrected by incorporating the software on a website to enable it
function as an on-line application. But this require the user of *scripting language* to code,
load the application into the website and also to set the necessary protocols and access
methods, the software will respond to.
45
Although, in any computer based process, computer applications, as we all know are
susceptible to virus. The only measure for this is to install an antivirus, which protects the
project from being destroyed by them. Also on the user’s part, some flaws are bound to
happen since users are not 100% perfect, errors such as wrong typing of information and
accessing information from a wrong module are bound to happen.
Another consideration may be the limitation to accommodate new kinds of information. As
different kinds of information are required by the department, it is possible that the software
will become obsolete overtime.
Hence, in order to be able to store such information, there will be a need for modification,
addition modules and adjustments of the already existing modules. This can be costly in most
cases depending on the amount of work to be done. The school would have to decide on
either buying new software or modifying the old one at almost the same cost.
46
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De Alva, J.K. (2000). Remaking the Academy: Twenty-First Century Challenges to Higher
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JISC (2008) Richmond Adult Community College: Using Technology to make a step in
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Katz, R. N. (2002) About Web Portals: A home page doth not make a portal. Jossey-Bass, A
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Looney, M. and Lyman, P., (2000). Portals in higher education. Educause Review 35.4.
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Tarn, M., Razi, M. A., Wiley, N., and Hsu, J. (2007). Exploring user perception of wireless
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47
SOURCE CODES
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Home</title>
<link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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@import url("images/newmenu.css");
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src="images/mm_css_menu.js"></script>
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id="MMMenu0010230637_0_Item_0" class="MMMIFVStyleMMMenu0010230637_0"
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class="MMMIVStyleMMMenu0010230637_0"
onmouseover="MM_menuOverMenuItem('MMMenu0010230637_0');">Course Regist
ration</a></div>
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onmouseover="MM_menuResetTimeout();"><a href="mission.php"
onmouseover="MM_menuOverMenuItem('MMMenu0010140726_0');">Our Mission&n
bsp;& Vision</a><a href="history.php"
48
id="MMMenu0010140726_0_Item_1" class="MMMIVStyleMMMenu0010140726_0"
onmouseover="MM_menuOverMenuItem('MMMenu0010140726_0');">History</a></div>
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<div id="FWTableContainer2054533548"> <img name="newmenu"
src="images/newmenu.jpg" width="1800" height="55" border="0" id="newmenu"
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/>
<area shape="rect" coords="746,12,877,42" href="javascript:;" alt=""
onmouseover="MM_menuShowMenu('MMMenuContainer0730113812_0',
'MMMenu0730113812_0',746,42,'newmenu');" />
<area shape="rect" coords="555,14,688,40" href="history.php"
alt="" />
<area shape="rect" coords="404,14,499,42" href="index.php" alt="" />
</map>
onmouseover="MM_menuResetTimeout();"> <a href="student_reg.php"
target="_self" id="MMMenu0730113812_0_Item_0"
class="MMMIFVStyleMMMenu0730113812_0"
onmouseover="MM_menuOverMenuItem('MMMenu0730113812_0');">
Student Registration </a> <a href="course_reg.php" target="_self"
Course Registration </a> </div>
</div>
</div>
<div align="center"></div>
</div>
</div>
<form id="form1" name="form1" method="post" action="">
<table width="43%" border="1" align="center">
<tr>
<th width="49%" scope="row">Matric_No</th>
<td width="51%"><input type="text" name="mat_no" id="mat_no" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Password</th>
<td><input type="password" name="passd" id="passd" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
49
<th scope="row"><input type="submit" name="Login" id="Login"
value="Login" /></th>
<td><input type="submit" name="Reset" id="Reset" value="Reset"
/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

<head>
<title>Home</title>
</style>
</head>
<body background="images/bg.png">
50
<div id="MMMenu0010230637_2"
<area shape="rect" coords="1209,7,1367,44"
href="contact-us.php" alt="" />
href="exam_reg.php" alt="" />
href="javascript:;" alt="" onmouseout="MM_menuStartTimeout(1000);"
'MMMenu0730113812_0',746,42,'newmenu');" />
href="history.php" alt="" />
href="index.php" alt="" />
</map>
<div id="MMMenu0730113812_0"
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ration</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
51
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<table bgcolor="#FFFFFF"width="1000" height="500">
<tr>
<td colspan="4" align="center" class="red"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>FILL IN YOUR DETAILS BELOW</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Matric No</td>
<td><label for="mat_no"></label>
<input type="text" name="mat_no" id="mat_no" />*</td>
<td>State Of Origin</td>
<td><label for="state"></label>
<input type="text" name="state" id="state" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Surname</td>
<td><label for="s_name"></label>
<input type="text" name="s_name" id="s_name" />*</td>
<td>Local Govt.</td>
<td><label for="lga"></label>
<input type="text" name="lga" id="lga" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Other Names</td>
<td><label for="o_name"></label>
<input type="text" name="o_name" id="o_name" /></td>
<td>Year Of Admission</td>
<td><label for="entryyr"></label>
<input type="text" name="entryyr" id="entryyr" />*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sex</td>
<td><label for="sx"></label>
<input type="text" name="sx" id="sx" /></td>
<td>Level</td>
<td><label for="lvl"></label>
<input type="text" name="lvl" id="lvl" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Date Of Birth</td>
<td><label for="dob"></label>
<input type="text" name="dob" id="dob" />*</td>
<td>Session</td>
<td><label for="session"></label>
<input type="text" name="session" id="session" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Age</td>
<td><label for="age"></label>
<input type="text" name="age" id="age" /></td>
<td>Faculty</td>
<td><label for="fac"></label>
<input type="text" name="fac" id="fac" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Phone No</td>
<td><label for="phone"></label>
52
<input type="text" name="phone" id="phone" /></td>
<td>Department</td>
<td><label for="dept"></label>
<input type="text" name="dept" id="dept" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Address</td>
<td><label for="addy"></label>
<textarea name="addy" id="addy"></textarea></td>
<td>Password</td>
<td><label for="passd"></label>
<input type="password" name="passd" id="passd" />*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" align="center" class="red"><blink > ALL fields are
required!!! </blink></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="Submit" id="Submit"
value="Submit" /></td>
<td colspan="2"><input type="reset" name="reset" id="reset"
value="Reset" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

<head>
<title>Home</title>
53
</style>
</head>
<div id="MMMenu0010230637_"
'MMMenu0730113812_0',746,42,'newmenu');" />
</map>
<div id="MMMenu0730113812_0"
</div>
</div>
<div id="MMMenu0010230637_2"
onmouseover="MM_menuResetTimeout();"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
54
<div id="MMMenu0010230637_0"
Student Registration </a> <a href="course_reg.php"
</div>
</div>
</div>
onmouseover="MM_menuResetTimeout();"> <a href="mission.php"
Our Mission & Vision </a> <a href="history.php"
onmouseover="MM_menuOverMenuItem('MMMenu0010140726_0');"> History </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<div>
<table width="1000" bgcolor="#fff" height="500">
<tr>
<th colspan="3" class="red"><strong>Please Fill In Your Details
Below</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<th align="left" scope="col" width="100"><span
class="red">Matric No: </span></th>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<th width="411" scope="col" >COURSE CODE</th>
<th width="242" scope="col">NO. OF UNITS</th>
<th width="318" scope="col">STATUS</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="textfield"></label>
<label for="c1"></label>
<select name="c1" id="c1">
<option>--Select Course--</option>
<option>CIT102 - Application Software Skills</option>
<option>CIT208 - Information Systems</option>
<option>CIT211 - Introduction to Operating Systems</option>
<option>CIT215 - Introduction to Programming
Lnguages</option>
<option>CIT289 - Industrial Training I</option>
<option>CIT292 - Computer Laboratory I</option>
<option>CIT311 - Computer Networks</option>
<option>CIT341 - Data Structures</option>
<option>GST211 - Computer Fundamentals</option>
<option>CIT309 - Computer Architecture</option>
<option>CIT333 - Software Engineering</option>
<option>CIT381 - File processing and Management</option>
55
<option>CIT392 - Computer Laboratory II</option>
<option>GST122 - Introduction to Philosophy and
Logic</option>
<option>MTH281 - Mathematical Methods I</option>
<option>CIT342 - Formal Languages and Automata
Theory</option>
<option>CIT344 - Introduction to Computer Design</option>
<option>CIT351 - C# Programming</option>
<option>CIT411 - Microcomputers and
Microprocessors</option>
<option>CIT425 - Operations Research</option>
<option>CIT427 - Database Management and
Management</option>
<option>MTH282 - Mathematical Methods II</option>
</select></td>
<select name="u1" id="u1">
<option>--Select--</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
<td><label for="t1"></label>
<label for="t1"></label>
<select name="t1" id="t1">
<option>Elective</option>
<option>Required</option>
<option>Compulsory</option>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
Lnguages</option>
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
56
Management</option>
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
<td><label for="select21"></label>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
Lnguages</option>
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
Management</option>
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
57
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
Lnguages</option>
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
Management</option>
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
58
Lnguages</option>
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
Management</option>
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
Lnguages</option>
59
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
Management</option>
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
Lnguages</option>
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
Management</option>
60
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
Lnguages</option>
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
Management</option>
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
61
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
Lnguages</option>
Logic</option>
Theory</option>
Management</option>
</select></td>
<option>4</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>1</option>
</select></td>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="textfield"></label></td>
<td><label for="textfield"></label></td>
<td><label for="select21"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
62
<td><input type="submit" name="submit" id="submit"
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

<head>
<title>Home</title>
</style>
</head>
63
<div id="MMMenu0010230637_2"
'MMMenu0730113812_0',746,42,'newmenu');" />
</map>
<div id="MMMenu0730113812_0"
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ration</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
64
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<table bgcolor="#FFFFFF"width="1000" height="500">
<tr>
<td colspan="4" align="center" class="red"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><strong>FILL IN YOUR EXAM DETAILS BELOW</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Matric No</td>
<td><label for="mat_no"></label>
<input type="text" name="mat_no" id="mat_no" />*</td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="state"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Level</td>
<td><label for="s_name"></label>
<input type="text" name="s_name" id="s_name" />*</td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="lga"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Department</td>
<td><label for="o_name"></label>
<input type="text" name="o_name" id="o_name" /></td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="entryyr"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Date Reg</td>
<td><label for="sx"></label>
<input type="text" name="sx" id="sx" /></td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="lvl"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Exam Code</td>
<td><label for="dob"></label>
<input type="text" name="dob" id="dob" />*</td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="session"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>No of Courses</td>
<td><label for="age"></label>
<input type="text" name="age" id="age" /></td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="fac"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Semester</td>
<td><label for="phone"></label>
<input type="text" name="phone" id="phone" /></td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="dept"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
65
<td>Faculty</td>
<td><label for="addy"></label>
<input name="addy" type="text" id="addy" value="" /></td>
<td> </td>
<td><label for="passd"></label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" align="center" class="red"><blink > ALL fields are
required!!! </blink></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="Submit" id="Submit"
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
66

Chapter One Background of The Study 1.1

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Chapter One Background of The Study 1.1

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CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electronic registration or e-registration, web based registration or even online registration is a

organizations have a portal according to (source) include: Information customization:

Information personalization: Efficiency in accessing information (work flow): Link integrity

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

of this study is aimed to solve the following problems:

lead to misplacement or loss of student information.

the bank and registration processes.

the problems of manual handling of students` registration and mismanagement

in the country can copy to improve their own e-registration exercise.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To have an effective way of providing courses information and exam information or

2. To improve the privacy, user-friendliness and to enable convenient access to the

different users in an efficient and effective manner.

students easy access to information resources, materials etc.

2. To the Faculty Members,

from the website.

3. To the Future Researchers,

departmental fee and so on.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

department. The scopes of the study are:

 Online Registration portal for student information registration

Administration – can access and controls the whole system

Payment: is an amount of money that is paid to someone.

Bank: is an institution where people or businesses can keep their money.

all over the world, and which carries e-mail.

Design: it is a detail plan or arrangement to achieve a particular purpose.

Implementation: is the carrying out execution or practice of a plan.

Transaction: is a piece of business, for example an act of buying or selling something.

Student: is a person who is studying at a university or college.

Lecturer: is a teacher at a university or college

Institution: is a large important organization such as a university, church or bank.

discussion board, registration, inquiry, information, databases and entertainment.

Registration – students or faculty members submits personal information to be a member to

have an access inside the campus course portal.

Courses – is a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject.

subject or obtain a qualification.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

a systematic approach and long term commitment.

Gateway published in 2008 on Richmond Adult Community College: Using Technology to

advantage through the developments (JISC, 2008).

University. Findings indicate that internet facilities, computers, management information

administrators and academic progressing.

of gender on the use of online registration.

portal categories. To conclude, it proposes a strategy to ensure that external information

sources are perceived by an enterprise as of strategic importance.

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

sports scores, shopping and movie reviews.

faculty, suppliers, administrators, alumni and friends.

application and payment services, to a comprehensive online interface offering highly

A Relatively New Concept

Registration portals were pioneered by UCLA in 1999, to be followed by similar systems at

the University of Washington and the University of Buffalo. Advancements in software

however, and a continually evolving portal is an unending process.

registration portals by 2005, predicts the Connecticut-based Gartner Group.

Pittinsky, chairman of Blackboard Inc., the Washington, D.C.-based vendor of enterprise

software for about 1,400 universities and schools.

Dirk Herr-Hoyman, project manager at the University of Wisconsin's Department of

have a personalized portal system."

Our campus portal allows us to target services to our constituents."

data can be time-consuming and expensive.