The document discusses key concepts in mathematics including mathematical language, set theory, and important sets. It explains that mathematical language allows complex ideas to be expressed concisely using notation like (∀a, b ∈ R, a+ b ∈ R). Set theory forms the basis for fields like counting, relations, and graph theory. Important sets discussed include the natural numbers N, integers Z, rational numbers Q, real numbers R, and complex numbers C. The document also covers set notation, roster/tabular form, set builder notation, and cardinality (the number of elements in a set).
The document discusses key concepts in mathematics including mathematical language, set theory, and important sets. It explains that mathematical language allows complex ideas to be expressed concisely using notation like (∀a, b ∈ R, a+ b ∈ R). Set theory forms the basis for fields like counting, relations, and graph theory. Important sets discussed include the natural numbers N, integers Z, rational numbers Q, real numbers R, and complex numbers C. The document also covers set notation, roster/tabular form, set builder notation, and cardinality (the number of elements in a set).
The document discusses key concepts in mathematics including mathematical language, set theory, and important sets. It explains that mathematical language allows complex ideas to be expressed concisely using notation like (∀a, b ∈ R, a+ b ∈ R). Set theory forms the basis for fields like counting, relations, and graph theory. Important sets discussed include the natural numbers N, integers Z, rational numbers Q, real numbers R, and complex numbers C. The document also covers set notation, roster/tabular form, set builder notation, and cardinality (the number of elements in a set).
-The mathematics language is powerful, that is, one
can express complex thoughts with relative ease. For example: consider this mathematical sentence, “The sum of any two real numbers is also a real number” In mathematical notation this can be written as: ( ∀a, b ∈ R, a+ b ∈ R) SET THEORY -Forms the basis of several other fields of study like counting theory, relations, graph theory and finite state machines.
IMPORTANT SETS: (A set is an unordered collection of different
N − the set of all natural numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4,.....} elements. A set can be written explicitly by Z − the set of all integers = {.....,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,.....} listing its elements using set bracket. { }) + Z − the set of all positive integers Roster or Tabular Form Q − the set of all rational numbers - The set is represented by listing all the elements comprising it. R − the set of all real numbers The elements are enclosed within braces W − the set of all whole numbers and separated by commas. C - the complex numbers Cardinality of a set Set builder Notations - Cardinality of a set S, denoted by |S|, - The set is defined by specifying a property is the number of elements of the set. The number is also that elements of the set have in common. referred as the cardinal number. If a set has an infinite The set is described as A = {x: p (x)} number of elements, its cardinality is ∞. Example 1 − The set {a, e, i, o, u} is written as Example − A = {a, b, c, d}, and B = {1, 2, 3, 4………} A = {x: x is a vowel in English alphabet} The Cardinality of set A = 4 and set B = ∞. Example 2 − The set {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} is written as A = {x : x is an odd numbers less than 10} Example − If S = {1, 1.2, 1.7, 2}, 1∈ S but 1.5 ∉ S.
Example − A = {a, b, c, d}, and B = {1, 2, 3, 4………}