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Weekend Deforestation
Weekend Deforestation
DEFORESTATION
– Microorganisms
• Abiotic Components
– Soil
– Water
– Climate
forests.
• A forest is an area with at least more than 10 per cent tree canopy cover.
crowns
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TYPES OF FORESTS
• Classified on the basis of climate
– Tropical
– Temperate
– Boreal or Taiga
Tropical
• Include rain forests (high rainfall and humidity)
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Temperate Forests
• Occur in eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and western
and central Europe.
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Boreal Forests
• Boreal forests, or taiga, represent the largest terrestrial
biome.
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world
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Importance of Forests
• Earth Purifiers
• Habitats
• Economic Benefits
• Recreational areas
• Watersheds
• Carbon Sinks
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Forests as Habitat
• Natural home to biodiversity
• Rainforests covering 6% of the planet's surface, these lush
green, often tropical masses contain around 50% of plant
and animal species on this planet.
• Maximum biodiversity per hectare.
• Originating and supporting food chains
• A forest is home to many types of plants, which are the
food source for many types of animals, which are, in turn,
also sources of food for other animals.
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Economic Benefits
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Recreational Uses
• Popular destinations for recreation
• Acts as Watershed
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Currently, about a third of the world's largest cities (33 out of 105)
source a significant proportion of drinking water directly from
protected forest areas. These cities include:
– New York
– Jakarta
– Tokyo
– Mumbai
– Rio de Janeiro
– Los Angeles
– Barcelona
– Nairobi
– Melbourne
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DEFORESTATION
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Causes of Deforestation
• Primary causes of deforestation vary.
• Asian forests are threatened by:
– Commercial logging
– Agricultural Expansion
• African forests are in danger because of
– Fuel wood Collection
– Overgrazing of cattle
– Logging
• In Latin America, forests clearance is associated with
– Cattle ranching
– Population settlement schemes
– Development projects
– Commercial Logging
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Subsistence Agriculture
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Commercial Logging
• The cutting down of trees for lumber that is used for building materials,
• Selective logging -- where only the most valuable trees are cut down --
doesn't help the situation, as one falling tree can bring down dozens of
economic growth and are sometimes forced to sell their forests at lower
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exposes forests to
– Exotic pests and diseases
people.
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Commercial Logging
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for fuel.
cooking.
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Acid rains
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Forest Fires
• Natural
• Man-made - Caused due to negligence
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– Loss of Biodiversity
– Soil Erosion & Desertification
– Flooding
– Climate change
– Displacement of Indigenous People
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Flooding
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to silting
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Climate Change
Disruption of:
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Mitigation Measures
• Sustainable forest management
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• New movements in forest protection have sprung up over the years. They
include:
• Eco-forestry -- where only carefully selected trees are cut down and are
transported with minimal damage to the area; the forest ecosystem is
preserved while commercial timber extraction is still permitted
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PAKISTAN CONTEXT?????
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Green Emergency
• Approximately 68% of Pakistan’s population
depends on firewood as the main source of
energy in households .
• Every year, Pakistan loses almost 27,000
hectares of natural forest area
• With a declining supply of raw materials from
Pakistan’s own forest ecosystems, forest-
based industries and their employees are at
risk from the Green Emergency.
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Juniper Forest
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UN Initiative
• Deforestation and forest degradation account for
approximately 11 percent of carbon emissions, more
than the entire global transportation sector and
second only to the energy sector. It is now clear that
in order to constrain the impacts of climate change
within limits that society will reasonably be able to
tolerate, global average temperatures must be
stabilized within two degrees Celsius. This will be
practically impossible to achieve without reducing
emissions from the forest sector, in addition to other
mitigation actions.
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REDD
• Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation (REDD) is a programme, attempts to
recognize the role of forests in climate change
mitigation. It aims to create financial value for the
carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for
developing countries to reduce emissions from
forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to
sustainable development.
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REDD+
• REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest
degradation and includes the role of conservation,
sustainable management of forests and
enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
• Pakistan has already joined the UN-REDD Programme
in 2011, but still, there is a dire need of the hour to
launch a more REDD+ project in Pakistan because
these would not only help to conserve biodiversity
and secure vital ecosystem services but contribute to
increased resilience to climate change.
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THANK YOU
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