fQuestions from other blocks:

1. Accustomed to having the mother-country help up to them as the ideal, the Filipino
students were saddened to learn that their idol had feet of clay when they saw how
far more progressive the other counties of Europe were.
● Filipino students were appalled to observe the grave effects of Spanish
political, social
● and intellectual life
● Managed elections between Canovas and Sagasta and the resulting spoils
systems
● Universities and intellectual life in general were far behind the rest of Europe
● Professors and students engaged in politics to the detriment of serious work
● But did a backward system of education really matter for Filipino ilustrados?

2. The experience of freely discussing all ideas, of attacking or rejecting institutions of

church and state, of proclaiming the dogmas of liberty and progress would approve a
heady stimulus to their aspirations.

3. The Filipino students shared a certain feeling, clearly defines, of being Filipinos while
in Spain - FALSE

4. If the Philippines was an integral part of the Spanish fatherland, as official theory
maintained, they ought to be ruled by peninsular law and possess the rights
guaranteed to every Spaniard, above all, representation in the Cortes.

5. It was customary for the friars and other peninsular Spaniards in the Philippines to
address all Filipinos with the familiar pronoun tu. FALSE

6. Filipinos were associated with the periodical called Los Dos Mundos which was
devoted to the overseas Hispanic world such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the
Philippines. TRUE
● International perspective of the ilustrados

7. D

8. There was general opposition to Lete as editor of the soon to be founded La

Solidaridad. TRUE

9. In his attacks on the friars, Blumentritt is careful to emphasize that he is a Catholic

● Added prestige and credibility to the news paper

10. The first stage of the political programme of the Comite de Propaganda was the
expulsion of the friars from the Philippines or at least an autonomous government
controlled by Filipinos. FALSE
● The “vague” second stage

11. In its stated program, La Solidaridad aspired “to make democracy prevail in all the
peoples both of the Peninsula and of the overseas provinces”
 12. The articles in the first two issues of La Solidaridad were all signed, as those by
Filipinos would continue for some time. FALSE
13. Discuss how a nascent Filipino identity was perceived and reflected in the primary
works of Paterno to Sancianco and Rizal.

Other possible questions:

1. The Spain that greeted the first batches of students from the Philippines in 188s was one
whose institutions were at par and even and improvement compared to the rest of the
advanced countries of Europe – False
a. Filipino students were appalled to observe the grave effects of Spanish political,
social
and intellectual life
b. Managed elections between Canovas and Sagasta and the resulting spoils
systems
c. Universities and intellectual life in general were far behind the rest of Europe
d. Professors and students engaged in politics to the detriment of serious work
e. But did a backward system of education really matter for Filipino ilustrados?
f. Did Spain’s backwardness initially matter?
g. Site of the secular pilgrimage for students form the Philippines
h. Why are we here together? (Anderson)

2. Filipino students in Spain had this experience of being unable to criticize the Church -
True
a. 1st hand experience relative freedom of speech and assembly (criticize both church and
the monarchy)
b. Spain’s impact to the Filipino students?
i. Goddess with the feet of clay
ii. Other European countries were more progressive
c. Led to the Filipino disillusionment with Spain especially with the letter generally
indifferent to Philippine affairs

3. The principle of Assimilation is the assertion that all Filipinos were Spanish citizen and
therefore should have the same rights and duties as Spanish citizens
a. Implied in El Progreso de Filipinos by Gregorio Sancianco
i. Sancianco’s ethnicity
ii. Other initial assertions of equality?
iii. Pedro Paterno – Sampaguitas

4. The students from the Philippines, upon arriving in Spain already recognized and labelled
themselves as Filipinos - False
a. The Filipino WAS “BORN” in Spain
i. They were all “Filipinos” regardless of their separate ethnicities
ii. “Sacrifices were made”
b. Implications?
i. Then nation is a common project that every generation must build
ii. Personal experience of injustice does not translate to nationalism

5. The periodical, Los Dos Mundos, outline in program in its first issues as follows: to
demand for Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines equality of rights as far as possible with
other Spanish
Provinces

a. Implications?
i. International perspective of ilustrados (?) collaborated with Cubans and Puerto
Ricans
ii. Nationalism emerged in a world of plurals

6. For Graciano Lopez Jaena, the provincial civil authorities live like a true feudal lord; he
recognizes no other authority … – False (Friar makes it true)
a. Anti-friar sentiment of Lopez Jaena and Rizal
b. Implied the secularizing of the Philippine administration like the British and the
Dutch

7. In the Brindis Rizal exalted both Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgos victories in 1884 … – True
a. Glory to both Spain and las Islas Filipinas
i. But union based on equal rights not as colonizer and colonized
b. What other parts of the Brindis would make Rizal a filibuster to the conservative
Spaniards? Throwing out the gauntlet

8. The erstwhile editor of Espana en Filipinas Eduardo le lete was the universal choice of
editor in chief … – False
a. Creole edito Lete was mildly reformist in contrast to other more militant
b. Lete refused to review the Noli in Espana en Filipinas
c. Rationale of journalism?
i. To advance one’s cause

9. The articles on the first of La Solidaridad were all unsigned as those by Filipinos would
continue to be for some time … – True fear of backlash

10. Marcelo H. del Pilar was the official delegate of the Comite de Propaganda in Manila
a. Asociation Hispano-Filipino; Asociaton La Soldiaridad; La Solidardiad the news paper
b. 2 stage plan of the propaganda
i. La Solidaridad conceive as Temporary
ii. Propaganda in Spain for the home landed (1-2 year)
iii. Eventual independence or at least the autonomous government and the eviction of
the friars
11. Ferdinand Blumentritt was an Austrian friend of Rizal

12. The periodical la Solidaridad subtitle itself as the Quincenario democratico with its
stated
program of aspiring to make democracy prevail in all the peoples both of the peninsula and
of the

13. Del Pilar successfully accomplished the program of the propaganda movement upon the
close of the periodical la Solidaridad in 1895 – False propaganda was unsuccessful In 1895
was revolution was in the cloud

14. What contributed to the Filipino's disappointment of Spain?

Ans: Other European countries more progressive, university and intellectual
life behind the rest of Europe

15.What are two things Eduardo de Lete did not do?

Ans: did not fulfill the rationale of journalism, to advance one's cause and
refuse to review Noli Me Tangere

16. What metaphors did Filipinos use to show their disappointment to Spain?
Ans: seeing Spain has feet of clay (beautiful but with flaws)

17. What two aspects of Spain were so appalling?

Ans: the grave defects of Spanish political, social intellectual life

18. What was a stimulus to their aspirations?

Ans: freely discussing ideas

19. What is needed for the Assimilation of the Philippines?

Ans: equal rights; representation in the Cortes; Paterno and Sancianco

20. What is Los Dos Mundos?

Ans: a newspaper devoted to overseas Hispanic worlds (Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Philippines)

21.How did Los Dos Mundos view the Filipinos during the propaganda movements?
Ans: they were sympathetic to the cause of the filipinos

22. Rizal’s toast was about?

Ans: his glory to both Spain and Las Islas Filipinas

23. Who was the "brindis" addressed to?

Ans: To Luna and Hidalgo

24. Describe how the union was to be made

Ans: made based on equal rights, not as colonizer and colonized Conservative
Spaniards labeled Rizal as filibuster

25. Who did people not like to be editor in chief?

Ans: Eduardo de Lete
26. Ferdinand Blumentritt
Ans: This is a teacher who is friends with Jose Rizal. He emphasized that he is
a Catholic. He also added prestige and credibility to the newspaper.

27. What was La Solidaridad for?

Ans: to make democracy prevail

28. Why were the first two articles of La Solidaridad unsigned?

Ans: due to fear of backlash

Possible Essay:
What was the propaganda movement and what did it stand for? What was Rizals
involvement and major contribution to it.

The Propaganda Movement was a set of communication actions through books, leaflets and
newspaper articles by a group of Filipinos who called for political reforms and national
consciousness movement. Rizal became the leader of the reformist movement called
Propaganda, an unwavering campaign for political and social freedoms, lobbying the
peninsular government by using their connections with the liberal Spanish politicians.

Discuss how a nascent Filipino identity was perceived and reflected in the primary
works of Paterno to Sancianco and Rizal (paraphrase lang po salamat) - Sana
masarap ulam mooooo salamatt pohz

It was the work of Paterno that resulted in a growing Filipino identity within the people.
Left with the greatest impact was his book entitled Biblioteca Filipina which was the first
attempt to project a Filipino national personality. Sancianco’s contribution was his book
called El progreso de Filipinas which anticipates a deep nationalist feeling as the author
touches on problems that transcend economics. The nascent Filipino identity continued
and had been growing through the works of Rizal which clearly depicts nationalism and
true Filipino identity. His works such as the “A la juventud Filipina” where he calls on the
Filipino youth and “El amor patrio”, where Rizal calls on his countrymen to love their
country.

1.) Each change of party, and to a slightly lesser extent each reorganization of cabinet, was
accompanied by a wholesale _________ in government employees down to the lowest
echelons, as politicians newly installed provided for their followers.
ANSWER: turnover

2.) The universities, and the intellectual life in general, were far behind the rest of Europe.

ANSWER: True

3.) The students from the Philippines, upon arriving in Spain, already recognized and labeled
themselves as Filipinos.

ANSWER: False

4.) Gregorio Sancianco, a creole, argues that the tribute was a symbol of rule imposed by
force, as in the ages of barbarism, and has no place in the modern regime of its citizens.

ANSWER: False

5.) The periodical Los Dos Mundos outlined its program in its first issue as follows: “to
demand for Cuba, __________ and the __________, equality of rights, as far as possible,
with other Spanish provinces.”

ANSWER: Puerto Rico ; Philippines

6.) For Graciano Lopez Jaena, the ___________ “lives like a true feudal lord; he recognizes
no other authority prior and superior to his, nor does the gobernadorcillo gives orders there,
nor any other municipal authority except himself;”....

ANSWER: friar

7.) In the Brindis, Rizal looked ahead to a time when Spain would only be remembered with
affection, her flag no longer waving over the Philippines.

ANSWER: True

8.) The erstwhile editor of Espana en Filipinas, __________ was not the universal choice of
the Filipino colony for the position as editor-in-chief for the new periodical which later would
be called La Solidaridad.

ANSWER: Eduardo de Lete

9.) The periodical La Solidaridad subtitled itself as a Quincenario __________ with its stated
program of “aspiring to make democracy prevail in all the peoples both of the Peninsula and
of the overseas provinces.”

ANSWER: democratico

10.) The articles on the first two issues of La Solidaridad were all signed, as those by
Filipinos would continue to be for some time.

ANSWER: False

11.) _____________ was an Austrian collaborator of La Solidaridad whose constant theme

was on Spain’s neglect of its traditional policy of assimilation as applied to the Philippines.
ANSWER: Ferdinand Blumentritt