SUBMITTED BY:

NAPE, SEAN EARL GERARD R.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. MARY JOY MANDANE
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Table of Contents

3 Introduction
3 Objective
3 Laboratory Equipment Used
3 Laboratory Procedure
4 Theory
5 Circuit Diagram / Model Graph
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Introduction
The industrial applications of modern technology continues to take its step
towards further advancement. Therefore, we must continue in following its flow
and conduct essential laboratories and researches to really prove its theory
somewhat true and possible. These applications mentioned above consist of soft
sensors, advanced control and diagnostics, electronics production, rotary drying
and etc.

Objective
To determine and evaluate the damping in second order system using MATLAB
software.

Laboratory Equipment Used

Computer
MATLAB Software

Laboratory Procedure
1.Open MATLAB software.
2.Type “SIMULINK” in the command window or just locate the simulink library
bar. A new box will open where we can get the output of different responses using
block diagrams.
3.In the ‘New Model’ window, add input response, transfer function, scope and
workspace.
4.Run the simulink and double click on the scope block.
5.Take the output graph.
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Theory
The general second order transfer function is G(s) =
Where,
ζ=Damping coefficient
𝝎𝒏=natural frequency
There are 4 conditions of 𝜻:
When ζ= 0, Undamped
When 0< 𝜁 < 1, Underdamped
When ζ=1, Critically Damped
When 𝜻 > 𝟏,Over Damped
As the ζ value is varied, the output graph is varied for the various inputs
given be it step, ramp or impulse.
For ‘Undamped’ system, the graph is of continuous wave w.r.t. critical line.
The amplitude differs for different 𝝎 values. If it is high, amplitude is high
and vice versa.
For ‘Under Damped’ system, the graph is also a continuous wave but the
amplitude decreases with time and it finally merges with the critical line
passing through 1.
For ‘Critically Damped’ system, the wave increases gradually and gets in
straight line with the value of 1. This indicates the perfect damping required
in a system which is controllable.
For ‘Over Damped’ system, the wave always remains below or critical line for
any 𝝎 value.
The graph always remains the same for the damping conditions. Just the
nature of waves changes w.r.t. to the
Critically damped system is the commonly used and effective.
With varying 𝝎 values, the amplitude changes. They don’t make any
significant changes. The important factor is ζ.
We can check the damping by using any values in the place of 𝝎 & ζ.
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Circuit Diagram / Model Graph

Undamped Condition (step) G(s)=
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Undamped Condition (ramp) G(s)=

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Under Damped (step) G(s)=

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Under Damped (ramp) G(s)=

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Critically Damped (step) G(s)=

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Critically Damped (ramp) G(s)=

Resources
https://webstor.srmist.edu.in/web_assets/srm_mainsite/files/2017/Control-lab-manual-final.pdf