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Section 4. Create A Project and Build A Power System Using Digsilent Powerfactory
Section 4. Create A Project and Build A Power System Using Digsilent Powerfactory
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4
Create a Project and Build a Power System
By Prof. Gonzalez-Longatt
2020
4.1 Introduction
Modern power system is a very complex structure because of the size (number of components) of them and the non-
linearities inherent to the mathematical model. As a consequence, modern real power systems require the use of very
powerful software to perform power system analysis.
This document is not indented to be a compressive review of the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, in fact, the
software has so many features and trying to cover all of them will be a massive job beyond the scope of this document.
This document presents a simple tutorial that aims to:
(1) To present a very basic overview of the DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment
(2) To set up a very simple power system model in DIgSILENT PowerFactory and conduct a load flow simulation.
The classical well-known P.M Anderson 9-bus system [1] is used for illustrative purposes.
The author would like to clarify this document is just a guide only, the reader must use his/her intuition and
intelligence to set up the network model and conduct the load-flow simulation in the DIgSILENT Power Factory.
Also, this document is no substitute for the tutorial provided by DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The reader is invited to
follow those tutorials before trying this document. To do so, go to PowerFactory environment and select
Help→Tutorial… (see below)
A new window will pop up presenting several PowerFactory Tutorials (see below).
A new user of DIgSILENT PowerFactory will enrich the learning experience by taking reading the PowerFactory
Tutorial “Introduction”, it will give you a compressive and short view of the PowerFactory concepts, etc.
Section 4: Create a Project and Build a Power System
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The very well-known and popular Western System Coordinated Council (WSCC) 3- machine, 9-bus system is
considered in this document for illustrative purposes.
The WSCC 9-bus test system is also known as P.M Anderson 9-bus, this is because the system took popularity from
the analysis presented in the famous P.M. Anderson book titled “Power System Control and Stability” [2].
The P.M Anderson 9-bus represents a simple approximation of the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) to
an equivalent system with nine buses and three classic synchronous generators. This particular test case also includes
three two-winding transformers, six transmission lines, and three loads.
WSCC system is widely used for the transient stability study. The synchronous machines are equipped with voltage
regulators combined with an exciter and comprehensive model of steam turbine and governors. However, for this
document, the discussion is limited to creating the system to perform static analysis, e.g. load flow and short circuit.
The single-line diagram of the P.M. Anderson 9-bus system and its basic data are shown in Fig. 4.1.
Load C
2 7 100 MW 9 3
T2
35 MVAR T3
Z = 0.0085+j0.072 Z = 0.00119+j0.1008
Y =0+j0.0745 Y =0+j0.01045
8
Z = 0.032+j0.161
230/13.8
G2 18/230
Z = 0.039+j0.17
G3
Y =0+j0.153
Z = j0.0586
Y =0+j0.179
Z = j0.0625
Y =0+j0 Y =0+j0
5 6
Z = 0.017+j0.092
Z = 0.01+j0.085
Load A
Y =0+j0.079
Y =0+j0.088
125 MW Load B
50 MVAR 90 MW
30 MVAR
4
16.5/230
T1 Z = j0.0576
Y =0+j0
G1
Fig. 4.1. Single line diagram of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus test system. The value of Y is the half the line charging Y = B/2 [3].
This system includes three synchronous generator and three large equivalent loads connected in a meshed
transmission network through transmission lines. The data presented in that figure consist of the series impedance
(Z) and the shunt admittance (Y) presented in per unit (pu) values expressed the same bases. The base MVA is Sbase
= 100, and the rated system frequency is f = 60 Hz.
Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 2 of 24
Section 4: Create a Project and Build a Power System
Assuming the transmission system voltage base is Vbase = 230 kV, it is very simple to calculate the voltage bases in
other zones. The reader must recognise that the voltage levels are 13.8 kV, 16.5 kV, 18 kV, and 230 kV.
The nominal voltage (Vnominal) of the buses and equipment are assumed to be equal to the voltage base (Vbase), as a
consequence, 1.0 per unit represents the nominal voltage of the system.
8
230 kV Load C 9 3
2 7 100 MW 230 kV 13.8 kV
18 kV 230 kV 35 MVAR T3
T2
Z = 0.0085+j0.072 Z = 0.00119+j0.1008
Y =0+j0.0745 Y =0+j0.01045
Z = 0.032+j0.161
230/13.8
G2 18/230
Z = 0.039+j0.17
G3
Y =0+j0.153
Z = j0.0586
Y =0+j0.179
Z = j0.0625
Y =0+j0 Y =0+j0
5 6
230 kV 230 kV
Z = 0.017+j0.092
Z = 0.01+j0.085
Load A
Y =0+j0.079
Y =0+j0.088
125 MW
Load B
50 MVAR 90 MW
30 MVAR
4
230 kV
16.5/230
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T1 Z = j0.0576
Y =0+j0
1
16.5
kV
G1
Fig. 4.2. Single line diagram of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus test system. Nominal voltages are shown.
The series impedance (Z) and admittances (Y) presented in the above single line diagram are expressed in per unit.
The following table shows the branch data in per unit on the bases of Sbase = 100 MVA and Vbase = 230 kV in the
transmission system.
Table 4.1. Impedance (Z=R+jX) and Admittance (Y = B/2) data for the transmission lines (per unit values) and two winding
transformers of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus Test system. Branch data.
Branch Branch Line
From To
resistance R reactance X charging B
Bus Bus
[pu] [pu] [pu]
1 4 0.00000 0.05760 0.00000
2 7 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000
3 9 0.00000 0.05860 0.00000
4 5 0.01000 0.08500 0.17600
4 6 0.01700 0.09200 0.15800
5 7 0.03200 0.16100 0.30600
6 9 0.03900 0.17000 0.35800
7 8 0.00850 0.07200 0.14900
8 9 0.01190 0.10080 0.20900
Table 4.2. Generation and Demand data of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus Test system
Bus Bus Final Load Load Generation Generation Voltage
Number type Voltage [p.u] [MW] [MVAr] [MW] [MVAr] Rated [kV]
1 3 1.040 0 0 0 0 16.5
2 2 1.025 0 0 163 0 18.0
3 2 1.025 0 0 85 0 13.8
4 1 1 0 0 0 0 230
5 1 1 125 50 0 0 230
6 1 1 90 30 0 0 230
7 1 1 0 0 0 0 230
8 1 1 100 35 0 0 230
9 1 1 0 0 0 0 230
Bust type: 1: demand (PQ), 2: generation (PV-mode), 3: generation (slack or compensation).
Figure 4.3. Illustrative example of the resistance and reactance per longitude unit used by DIgSILENT PowerFactory in the
transmission line data.
The per-unit values of the series impedance (Z) and shunt capacitive susceptance (B) of the transmission lines must
be converted into a real unit (Ohms).
Consider the bases of Sbase = 100 MVA and Vbase = 230 kV in the transmission system.
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The impedance base of the system is calculated (Zbase):
2
Vbase
Zbase = (4.1)
Sbase
Substituting the adequate values at the transmission level (Vbase = 230 kV and Sbase = 100 MVA) results:
Zbase
V2
= base =
( 230kV ) = 529 2
(4.2)
Sbase 100 MVA
The series impedance values (Z= R +jX) are converted from the per unit system into real values () by:
Z = Z pu Zbase (4.4)
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230kV 100
Znew pu = 0.05760 pu 2.5 = 14.4000 pu (4.8)
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Also, additional information about the error will be displayed in the output window.
It is a very good practice include additional information about the project. The additional information may be added
using the Description tap.
Fig. 4.6. Adding additional information for the project (IntPrj). Details are shown below.
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Figure 4.8. Defining the network name (loc_name) and the rated frequency (frnom).
Drawing Tool
Output windos
NOTE: If you want to modify an existing project that is already in your database, you must first activate it. For
this find the icon at the top left corner of your window and click on it. This will open the data manager. In the data
manager, find the project you want to activate (it should be under your user name) and right-click on it. In the drop
down menu that apears, click on activate. Your project should now appear in the graphic window.
NOTE: The Network Model manager ( ) is an effective way to access network data already defined inside a project.
4.4.1 Creating Substations with Single Busbars
There are a lot of predefined busbar system arrangements in PowerFactory, for this example we will use single busbar
systems. There are a lot of predefined busbar system arrangements in PowerFactory, for example single busbar
systems, single busbar systems with a tie breaker, double busbar systems, double busbar systems with a tie-breaker
and bypass busbar, and so on.
The cursor will show the single busbar icon after the icon has been pressed.
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Use the background pattern to position the first busbar by left-clicking on the drawing surface. A busbar will be drawn
(in black) and is given a default name (loc_name) like "Terminal". Hereby "Terminal" (Elmterm) is the name of the
busbar.
NOTE: Once you are done placing your busbars/terminal, right-click anywhere on the graphic window
or in your ‘esc’ key before you carry out any other action. If you need to move a busbar to another location,
first select it by clicking on it and then drag it with the mouse. If you want to rotate an element, right-click on it and
go to Rotate.
The nine buses needed in the P.M. Anderson test system are placed as defined in the network.
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Figure 4.9. Single line diagram showing the 9 buses.
Now, you are able to make the connection by clicking at the terminal buses. For illustrative purposes, the transmission
line between bus 7 and 8 are presented.
Repeat the process until completing the installation of the six transmission lines.
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A similar procedure is followed for the power transformers.
Select the icon of the two winding, power transformer (ElmTr2) , when selected; the icon will show the transformer
icon at the cursor.
Now, you are able to make the connection by clicking at the terminal buses. For illustrative purposes, the two winding
power transformer between bus 1 and 4 is presented.
Repeat the process until completing the installation of the three two winding power transformers.
The system has six transmission lines and three transformers. A total of nine branches.
4.4.3 Creating Single Port Elements
Single port elements are power system elements which are connected to one terminal only: generators, motor, loads,
external grids, etc.
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The grid has three synchronous machines and three loads. This network has three general loads.
To install a static load, select the icon of the “general load (ElmLod) , when selected, the icon will show the load icon
at the cursor.
Now, you are able to make the connection of the load to the bus by clicking at the terminal bus.
Repeat the process until completing the installation of the three loads.
To install a classical synchronous machine (SM), select the icon of the synchronous machine (ElmSym) at the
drawing tool when selected, the icon will show the synchronous machine icon at the cursor.
Now, you are able to make the connection of the synchronous machine to the bus by clicking at the terminal bus.
The reader can see the colour of the elements is black right now. The previous colour of the components was grey as
the elements were De-energised. However, when a synchronous machine is connected, the colour of the devices change
to black, indicating the devices might be energised.
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The reader must be aware that at this stage, the network model is only a graphic object containing the information
about the electrical connections, but there is no information about the model parameter. The inclusion of the model
parameter for each device is discussed in the next subsections.
Name: Bus
1
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Editioning any element in the graphic windows is extremely simple, you just need to double click the object, and a
dialog windows will open.
Name: T1
230/16.5
At this moment, the transformer element (ElmTr2) is not requiring more data. However, the reader must understand
that several electrical components inside DIgSILENT PowerFactory require full details data of the model by adding
a “Type” object to the “Element” object.
All transformer element (ElmTr2) require a transformer type (TypTr2), it is very simple to create a new type, to do
so, select, ‘Type’ and then ‘New Project Type’. To edit the transformer T1.
Select ‘New
Project Type’
250 MVA
MVA
60Hz
230 kV
16.5 kV
X= 14.4% =0.144
Fig. 4.11. Set the parameter of the new type of transformer (TypTr2).
The reader must be able to complete the data at the other two transformers.
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Now, the data and electrical parameter of the overhead transmission lines in the P.M. Anderson test system must be
completed. Editing the data and parameter of the transmission lines is extremely simple, as any other component,
double click on the graphic object at the dialog box will appear.
Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 14 of 24
Section 4: Create a Project and Build a Power System
4.5.2.2 Transmission Lines (ElmLne)
All transmission lines elements (ElmLne) in the network require a transmission line type (TypLne), it is
straightforward to create a new type, to do son, select, ‘Type’ and then ‘New Project Type’.
To edit the transmission line 4-5, double click the transmission line to open its dialogue. The length of the lines (dline)
in this project is 1.0 km, but it should be set according to the given length. To create a new type, to do son, select,
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‘Type’ and then ‘New Project Type’ and then ‘Line Type (TypLne).
230 kV
B = 332.7032 -1/km
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For illustrative purposes, the data and electrical parameters of the Load 1 are introduced. To do so, just double click
at the load connected at Bus 5 to open its dialogue window.
Name: Load A
P = 125 MW
Q= 50 Mvar
Load B
P = 90 MW
Q= 30 Mvar
Load C
P = 100 MW
Q= 35 Mvar
4.5.3.2 Synchronous Machines (ElmSym)
To edit the synchronous machine and add the data of the Generator 1 (Gen 1), double click the generator connected
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to Bus 1 to open its dialogue.
G1
Hydro
Reference
machine
V1 = 1.040
Fig. 4.17. Set Reference Machine active and reactive power flow
The active and reactive power limits of the generator can be defined by considering the capability curve tap.
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Then complete data of the synchronous machine type (TypSym),
G1
247.5 MVA
126.5 kVA
The reader must be able to complete the data of the other two generators,
Pf = 1.01 G2 and G3, respectively.
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Fig. 4.20. Menu showing access to the Load flow calculation (ComLdf)
Another way is clicking on the Load Flow icon ( ) on the main toolbar.
Both ways will bring the load flow command (ComLdf) dialogue to the front.
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Figure 4.23. Result of load flow calculation
The balloon text help which appears if the cursor is held still over a result box is also shown. Especially when a larger
part of a power system is viewed, the result boxes may become hard to read. The balloon help may then be used to
view the results.
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Fig. 4.26. Output results window selects Busbar/Terminals
Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/terminals will appear in the ‘output window’.
Fig. 4.27. Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/ terminals
Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/terminals.
Fig. 4.28. Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/terminals 1,2,3
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Fig. 4.30. Output Results Total System Summary
A complete report may be displayed.
4.8 References
[1] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power system control and stability, Second. United States: Jhon Wiley and Sons,
2003.
[2] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, 2nd ed. New York: IEEE Press, 2003.
[3] P. W. Sauer and M. A. Pai, Power system dynamics and stability. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright © 2008-2020. http:www.fglongatt.org
http://fglongatt.org/OLD/Tutorial_DigSilent_EN.html (Links to an external site.)
Mattia Marinelli YouTube Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMLdO7YSlDbdFWUIxJsav3Q (Links to an external site.)
Presentation: Let us talk about power system analysis using DIgSILENT PowerFactory (Download from FGL
Research Gate)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336604970_Let_us_talk_about_Power_System_analysis_using_DIgSILEN
T_PowerFactory (Links to an external site.)
4.10 Repositories
Email: fglongatt@fglongatt.org
GitHub (Project repository)
https://github.com/fglongatt
ResearchGate (Project repository)
https://www.researchgate.net/project/My-documents-of-DIgSILENT-PowerFactory
DOI:
Document History
Version Responsible Action Date
0.0 Prof. FGL Creations 0.1.01.2005
1.0 Mr Okbe Kifle Habte Improvements 02.03.2020
2.0 Prof. FGL Improvement v 2020 06.03.2020
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reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including
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