Open Cloze Tests 1

16/12/21 12:46 CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF ENGLISH / Open Cloze / Test 2
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CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF

ENGLISH / OPEN CLOZE
For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
THE WONDROUS WORLD OF COFFEE

A cup of coffee, like any (1) ... experience, can be enriched by selection and consciousness. "No beans about it," the best coffee decisions (2) ... the ones
most pleasant to one's own palate - the selection of one's coffee is a matter of personal preference. Choosing coffee beans can also be a perplexing
experience, (3) ... there is a huge range of coffee types and beans blends from all around the world. The final flavour and quality involves many complex
factors, beginning with the coffee seed, the beans' botanics, a wide variety of soil and climate conditions, cultivation altitudes, and the care (4) ... in
harvesting the beans. Raw green coffee beans are then subjected (5) ... many influencing factors, including various processing, production, roasting,
blending and brewing methods. On a global note, (6) ... many species and varieties of coffee trees from different areas of the world also offer their own
distinctive flavours. There are more than forty-five coffee-exporting countries - all of (7) ... use different classification systems - that supply the world
with coffee beans, in sizes ranging over sixty known species of coffee plants. No wonder coffee can involve a puzzling java jargon! Fortunately, the
world's coffee nomenclature, from mountain to market, can be classified (8) ... simple categories. This briefly outlines the basics of bean botanics, coffee
cultivation and processing, and global classifications used by the coffee trade and coffee-producing countries.
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1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) OTHER
ADJECTIVE OTHER
Used to refer to people or things that are additional or different to people or things that have
been mentioned or are known about:
Have you got any other questions?

2) ARE
AUXILIARY VERB ARE
The present tense and plural of 'be':
They are in trouble now.

3) BECAUSE
CONJUNCTION BECAUSE
Used when you are giving the reason for something:
I did it because he told me to.

4) TAKEN
PHRASE TAKE CARE
To deal with all the necessary work, arrangements etc:
Her secretary always took care of the details.

5) TO
ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION SUBJECT TO
Depending on something in order to be completed or agreed:
All the holidays on offer are subject to availability.

6) THE
DEFINITE ARTICLE THE MANY
Used before an adjective or adverb to emphasize that something is bigger, better etc than all
others, or as big, good etc as it is possible for it to be:
We should like to thank the many people who have written to us offering their support.

7) WHICH
PREPOSITION + RELATIVE PRONOUN ALL OF WHICH
Used to give more information about something:
Disneyland, all of which belongs to the Disney Company, is located in Anaheim.

8) INTO
VERB + PREPOSITION CLASSIFY INTO
To arrange something in groups according to features that they have in common:
Students are classified into three categories.
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SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy is derived ultimately from the sun. It can be divided (1) ... direct and indirect categories. Most energy sources on Earth are forms of indirect
solar energy, (2) ... we usually don’t think of them in that way. Coal, oil and natural gas derive from ancient biological material (3) ... took its energy from
the sun millions of years ago. (4) ... the energy in wood and foodstuffs also comes (5) ... the sun.
Movement of the wind, and the evaporation of water to form rainfall which accumulates in rivers and lakes, are also powered by the sun. (6) ...,
hydroelectric power and wind and wave power are forms of indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is (7) ... we usually mean when we speak of solar
power – (8) ... is the use of sunlight for heating or generating electricity. Solar energy research and applications have been receiving increasing attention
throughout the world as solar energy must play a much greater role in the energy mix in upcoming years.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) INTO
VERB + PREPOSITION DIVIDE INTO
If something divides, or if you divide it, it separates into two or more parts:
The children are divided into twelve classes according to age and ability.

2) ALTHOUGH/BUT
CONJUNCTION ALTHOUGH/BUT
Used to mean 'but' when you are commenting on a statement:
I felt he was wrong, although (but) I didn't say so at the time.

3) WHICH
RELATIVE PRONOUN WHICH
Used after a noun to show what thing or things you mean:
Did you see the book which came today?

4) ALL
DETERMINER ALL THE
Used with uncountable nouns. The noun may have the, this, that, my, her, his, etc. in front of it -
the whole amount of:
All the mail must be answered.

5) FROM
PHRASAL VERB COME FROM
To start in a particular place or be produced from a particular thing:
This wool comes from goats, not sheep.

6) THEREFORE/HENCE/CONSEQUENTLY
ADVERB THEREFORE/HENCE/CONSEQUENTLY
Used to introduce the logical result of something that has just been mentioned:
He loved her. Therefore, he married her.

7) WHAT
PRONOUN WHAT
The thing or things that:
These tools are just what I need for this job.

8) IT
PRONOUN IT
Used to refer to a thing, animal, situation, idea etc that has already been mentioned or is
already known about:
I love the spring - it is a wonderful time of the year.
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DUBLIN
More than just about any other city we know, Dublin wears its history (1) ... its sleeve. Dubliners themselves are highly passionate scholars of their own
history - and we mean their own history. Perhaps (2) ... it continues to have (3) ... a strong bearing on modern life, it's near impossible for (4) ... two Irish
people to agree on the details of any one historical episode.
However, they'll instantly unite against an outsider's version, and there are great contradictions (5) ... Irish and English historical accounts of events that
(6) ... place here. Take Oliver Cromwell for example. An Irish text would describe him (7) ... an English parliamentarian (8) ... raped, pillaged and plundered
his way through Ireland - a complete and utter bastard. If you picked up an English history book on the other hand, you might learn that Cromwell
defeated the Royalists in the English Civil War and apparently used to holiday in Ireland.
1) 2) 3)
) ) )
OK OK OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) ON
IDIOM WEAR ITS HISTORY ON ITS SLEEVE
WEAR ITS HISTORY ON ITS SLEEVE is taken from the idiom WEAR YOUR HEART ON
YOUR SLEEVE:
To show your true feelings openly: He's not one to wear his heart on his sleeve.

2) BECAUSE/AS
CONJUNCTION BECAUSE/AS
Used when you are giving the reason for something:
I can't go because I'm ill.

3) SUCH
DETERMINER SUCH
SUCH + NOUN or SUCH + ADJECTIVE + NOUN Used to emphasize your description of

something or someone:
He never used to have such a bad temper.

4) ANY
CONJUNCTION ANY
Used to refer to a person or thing of a particular type when what you are saying is true of all
people or things of that type:
Always check the details carefully before you sign any written agreement.

5) BETWEEN
NOUN + PREPOSITION CONTRADICTION BETWEEN
A lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions, etc:
There is a contradiction between the two sets of figures.

6) TOOK
PREPOSITION TAKE PLACE
To happen especially according to plan:
The meeting took place on 7 May.

7) AS
VERB + PREPOSITION DESCRIBE AS
To say what something or someone is like by giving details about them:
He described her as tall and dark.

8) WHO/THAT
RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO/THAT
The one that; the ones that:
The man who (that) telephoned was a friend of mine.
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Taste

Taste is (1) ... simply the preserve of a tiny aristocracy, of the court culture of the European. Abbasid or Chinese past or the ‘foodie’ cutting-edge of the
present. In the social history of ordinary people, calorie intake, the threat of famine and the supply of urban centres are among the topics (2) ... have given
us (3) ... idea of the fragility and difficulty of pre-industrial life. The relevance of the history of food in its (4) ... basic sense needs (5) ... justification.
The exchange of products resulting (6) ... the discovery of the New World, the dependence of societies (7) ... one overwhelmingly important food source, or
the impact of modern warfare on civilian diet (8) ... all clearly major topics. In the mid-twentieth century historians’ interest in the conditions of society,
and particularly the history of ordinary people, inevitably involved questions of how peasants or workers lived in the past; how well or ill-nourished they
were; how they coped with the unpredictability of harvests, food supply and prices.
1) 2) 3)
OK OK OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) NOT
ADVERB NOT
A word used for denying, forbidding, refusing, or expressing the opposite of something:
We are not going to London.
2) THAT/WHICH
RELATIVE PRONOUN THAT/WHICH
Did you see the book which (that) came today?

3) AN
INDEFINITE ARTICLE AN
Used when the following word begins with a vowel sound:
He gave me an apple.

4) MOST
ADVERB MOST
Used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs of two or more syllables:
This is the most frequently mentioned reason.

5) NO
DETERMINER NO
Not one; not any; not a:
We have no food.

6) FROM
VERB + PREPOSITION RESULT FROM
If something results from something else, it is caused by it:
We will pay for any damage that results from our experiments.

7) ON
NOUN + PREPOSITION DEPENDENCE ON
The state of needing the help and support of somebody/something in order to survive or be
successful:
Mr Putin also criticised the world's dependence on the dollar.

8) ARE
AUXILIARY VERB ARE
The present tense and plural of 'be':
We are not able to repair this car.
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THE SPANISH LANGUAGE
The history of Spanish language is a part of the history of Spain and Spanish America. The events that make up the history of (1) ... Iberian Peninsula –
settlements, invasions, wars, and political upheaval – (2) ... shaped the history of the Spanish language. The Roman invasion is (3) ... fundamental in this
respect, (4) ... other events have also been decisive, such as the Muslim invasion and the subsequent Reconquest of the Peninsula, the discovery of
America, the Renaissance, and the Enlightenment.
All of these events are reflected (5) ... the Spanish language: (6) ... the Roman invasion, the language of Iberia might still be Iberian, or (7) ... Visigothic or
Arabic. Without the Muslim invasion and the Reconquest , it is doubtful that Modern Spanish would be based (8) ... the Castilian variety or dialect. Had
there been no Renaissance or Enlightenment, the vocabulary of Spanish might lack its rich strata of Latinisms and Hellenisms, i.e., learned borrowings
from Latin and Greek.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) THE
DEFINITE ARTICLE THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
Used before Iberian Peninsula:
The Iberian Peninsula is the westernmost section of the European continent, lying between the
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

2) HAVE
AUXILIARY VERB HAVE
Used with past participles to formperfect tenses:
I have never been to Dublin before.

3) MOST
ADVERB MOST FUNDAMENTAL
Used before an adjective or adverb to form the superlative having the greatest amount of a
particular quality:
She's the most beautiful girl I have ever met.

4) BUT
CONJUNCTION BUT
Used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said before:
His mother won't be there, but his father might.

5) IN
VERB + PREPOSITION REFLECT IN
To show or be a sign of the nature of something or of somebody's attitude or feeling:
His music reflects his interest in African culture.

6) WITHOUT
PREPOSITION WITHOUT
Used to say that a particular thing has not happened when someone does something:
I accepted his offer without a moment's hesitation.

7) ELSE
PHRASE OR ELSE
Used to say what another possibility might be:
The salesman will reduce the price or else include free insurance.

8) ON/UPON
PHRASAL VERB BE BASED ON
To use an idea, a fact, a situation, etc. as the point from which something can be developed:
Their relationship was based on/upon mutual respect
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DUTCH PAINTING
Dutch painting may properly (1) … described as an outcome of the independence of Holland as a state. So long (2) ... the Netherlands formed a whole, the
predominant art was that of Flanders, and there was (3) ... Dutch art to speak of, as distinct (4) ... the Flemish.
But the long and bloody war (5) ... the Spanish rule led for the northern and the southern provinces respectively to very different results, and (6) ... of these
results was a decided divergence in the development of art in the two regions. Still this community of origin was never entirely ignored, and Flemish
and Dutch painting were (7) ... agreement with the one essential characteristic, that they sought and found the means of poetical expression in colour
rather (8) ... in form. The year 1609, in which the conclusion of a truce for twelve years carried with it virtually the recognition of the seven United
Provinces as an independent state, may be said to have witnessed the birth of Dutch painting.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) BE
AUXILIARY VERB BE
Used with a past participle to form the passive:
You will be told what to do.

2) AS
PHRASE AS/SO LONG AS
Used to say that one thing will continue to happen or be true if another thing happens or is true
at the same time:
As long as we keep playing well, we'll keep winning games.

3) NO
DETERMINER NO
Not one; not any:
There were no letters this morning.

4) FROM
PHRASE AS DISTINCT FROM
Used to make it clear that you are not referring to a particular kind of thing, but to something
else:
Ownership of copyright as distinct from ownership of material object, does not convey any
rights in the copyrighted work embodied in the object.

5) AGAINST/WITH
NOUN + PREPOSITION WAR AGAINST/WITH
A situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other over a
period of time:
Did England win the war against Germany?

6) ONE
PRONOUN ONE OF
Used to mean someone or something from a group that has been mentioned or is about to be
mentioned:
This is one of my favourite books.

7) IN
PREPOSITION + NOUN IN AGREEMENT
When people have the same opinion as each other:
Are we in agreement about the price?

8) THAN
PHRASE RATHER THAN
Instead of somebody/something:
I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
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CONSERVATION PLANNING
Planners everywhere rely (1) … models; conservation planning is no exception. It is also no easy task – especially (2) ... planning for conservation on large
landscapes. Just making a list (3) ... the ingredients one might want to include in a model can be exhausting. For a start, one will almost certainly need to
model the population dynamics, perhaps even the meta-population dynamics, of one (4) ... more species.
Their habitat preferences will be important, so they (5) ... must be modelled, and this (6) ... turn creates a need for vegetation and landscape modelling.
Events may (7) ... an important role in the landscape dynamics, so the model might need (8) ... include flood, drought, wildfire, harvesting, high winds and
hurricanes. The model will likely be used by multiple stakeholders with conflicting objectives, so their concerns must be addressed.
1) 2) 3)
OK OK OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) ON
VERB + PREPOSITION RELY ON
To trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do:
You should rely on your own judgement.

2) WHEN
ADVERB WHEN
Used to mention a type of event or situation when talking about what happens on occasions of
that type:
He always wears glasses except when playing football.

3) OF
PHRASE A LIST OF
A set of things, names, numbers etc usually written one below the other, for example so that
you can remember or check them:
Make a list of all the things you have to do.

4) OR
CONJUNCTION OR
Used to introduce another possibility:
Is your cousin older or younger than you?

5) TOO/ALSO
ADVERB TOO/ALSO
Used to say that the same thing is true about another person or thing:
It's a more efficient system and it's cheaper too.

6) IN
IDIOM IN TURN
One after the other in a particular order:
The children called out their names in turn.

7) PLAY
IDIOM PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN STH
To have an effect on something:
The media played an important role in the last election.

8) TO
INFINITIVE MARKER TO
Used to show purpose or intention:
She was determined to do well.
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THE EVOLUTION AND DOMESTICATION OF THE DOG
Though the evolution and domestication of the dog have long been studied, the story is (1) ... no means fully understood as (2) ... . There are currently
more than thirty species of Canidae, the dog-like animals (3) ... include wolves and coyotes, jackals and foxes, but the Grey Wolf, Canis Lupus, is the
domestic dog’s sole wild ancestor and cousin, and it (4) ... exists.
Some modern breeds of dog retain (5) ... wolf-like characteristics of behaviour and appearance to this day, and the two species remain genetically close
(6) ... to be able to interbreed easily. (7) ... the use of DNA evidence may lead eventually (8) ... greater clarity, the precise classification of fossil remains
from remote periods of prehistory can be uncertain when dealing with such very closely related species. There would undoubtedly have been many
contacts, hostile, neutral and occasionally friendly between individual wolves or proto-dogs and human communities.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) BY
IDIOM BY MEANS OF
Not at all:
He is by no means an inexperienced pilot.

2) YET
PHRASE AS YET
Used when saying that something has not happened up to now:
As yet little was known of the causes of the accident.

3) WHICH/THAT
RELATIVE PRONOUN WHICH/THAT
Houses which/that overlook the lake cost more.

4) STILL
ADVERB STILL
Continuing until a particular point in time and not finishing:
There's still time to change your mind.

5) MANY
MANY MANY
Used with plural nouns and verbs, especially in negative sentences or in more formal English, to
mean 'a large number of':
Many people feel that the law should be changed.

6) ENOUGH
ADVERB ENOUGH
To the necessary degree:
She's old enough to decide for herself.

7) ALTHOUGH/THOUGH
CONJUNCTION ALTHOUGH(THOUGH)
ALTHOUGH => In spite of the fact that, even though, though.
He decided to go, although(though) I begged him not to.
Though - is informal. It means the same as although.

8) TO
VERB + PREPOSITION LEAD TO
To have something as a result:

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
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THE GREAT DEPRESSION
The Wall Street collapse of September-October 1929 and the Great Depression (1) ... followed it were (2) ... the most important events of the twentieth
century. They made the Second World War possible, though not inevitable, and by undermining confidence in the efficacy of the market and the
capitalist system, they helped to explain (3) ... the absurdly inefficient and murderous system of Soviet communism survived for (4) ... long.
Indeed, it could be argued that the ultimate emotional and intellectual consequences of the Great Depression were not finally erased (5) ... the mind of
humanity (6) ... the end of the 1980s, (7) ... the Soviet collectivist alternative (8) ... capitalism crumbled in hopeless ruin and the entire world accepted there
was no substitute for the market. Granted the importance of these events , then, the failure of historians to explain either their magnitude or duration is
one of the great mysteries of modern historiography.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) WHICH/THAT

2) AMONG/AMONGST
PREPOSITION AMONG/AMONGST
Being included or happening in groups of things or people:
A British woman was among/amongst the survivors.

3) WHY
ADVERB WHY
Used in questions to ask the reason for or purpose of something:
She has no idea why the desktop isn't working.

4) SO/THAT
ADVERB SO/THAT
Used to show the size, amount or number of something:
There are only so/that many book in the library.

5) FROM
VERB + PREPOSITION ERASE FROM
To remove something completely:
All doubts were suddenly erased from his mind..

6) UNTIL/TILL
CONJUNCTION UNTIL/TILL
Up to the point in time or the event mentioned:
You're not going out until/till you've finished this.

7) WHEN/THAT
CONJUNCTION WHEN/THAT
At or during the time that:
I loved history when I was at school.

8) TO
NOUN + PREPOSITION ALTERNATIVE TO
Something you can choose to do or use instead of something else:
Is there a viable alternative to the present system?
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Machu Picchu

In one of the most spectacular settings on earth, the great Inca ruler Pachacuti built a royal retreat and sacred center that is known (1) ... Machu Picchu.
Commenced in the middle of the fifteenth century, it was used by Pachacuti and his panaca (royal corporate family group), (2) ... continued to improve the
site until the empire was destroyed by the conquering Spaniards in the 1530s. (3) ... there is evidence that the Spaniards were aware (4) ... a place called
Piccho, there is (5) ... record that they ever visited this site.
Certainly, the sacred rocks, defaced by Spaniards in (6) ... locations, remained intact here. Centuries of Jungle growth enveloped the great granite
structures and temples, (7) ... the castle in “Sleeping Beauty,” for (8) ... than three hundred fifty years. Then, in 1911, a young American explorer named
Hiram Bingham led an expedition into the Urubamba Valley, looking for a “lost city of Incas.”
1) 2) 3)
OK OK OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) AS
PREPOSITION AS
Used to say what someone thinks or says a person or thing is:
The problem is regarded as serious.

2) WHO
RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO
Used to give more information about somebody:
Dr. Mark Nolan, who lectured at Cambridge for more than 20 years, should have known the
difference.

3) THOUGH/ALTHOUGH
CONJUNCTION THOUGH/ALTHOUGH
Despite the fact that:
Though/Although she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me.

4) OF
ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION AWARE OF
If you are aware that a situation exists, you realize or know that it exists:
She wasn't aware of the problem.

5) NO
DETERMINER NO
Not one; not any; not a:
There's no food left in the fridge.

6) OTHER
DETERMINER OTHER
Used to refer to a different person or thing from the one you have already mentioned or the one
that is already known about:
You'd better change into some other clothes.

7) LIKE
PREPOSITION LIKE
Similar to something else, or happening in the same way:
Her hair is dark brown like mine.

8) MORE
ADVERB MORE
Used before an adjective or adverb to form the comparative, having a particular quality to a
greater degree:
You'll have to be more careful next time.
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Precious Metals

Of course, the positions of precious metals (1) … the periodic table are not their only basis for value. Virtually all precious metals exhibit extraordinary
properties that establish value based on function. (2) ..., from an earthy viewpoint, gold, silver, and the platinum group are uniquely deposited throughout
the globe. Mining and refining processes (3) ... difficult. Discovery is tedious. Recovery is expensive. All of this adds (4) ... the allure of precious metals.
Eventually, technology or invention can displace usage. By the (5) ... token, technology or invention can create new roles and applications. There are
strong indications that precious metals may account (6) ... political and monetary power at some point in the future. Control over (7) ... metals may
represent control over government and society. Ownership is a sign of power. Power is a means to dominate. For (8) ..., humans are an aggressive species.
This implies that power and dominance will continue as our motivation throughout the twenty-first century and beyond.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) ON
PREPOSITION OF PLACE ON
Included in a group or team of people or in a list:
What's the next item on the agenda?

2) MOREOVER/FURTHERMORE
ADVERB MOREOVER/FURTHERMORE
Used to introduce some new information that adds to or supports what you have said
previously:
Moreover, the evidence he does provide is seriously flawed.

3) ARE
AUXILIARY VERB ARE
Used with a present participle to form progressive tenses:
You are always being criticized.

4) TO
VERB + PREPOSITION ADD TO
To put something together with something else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc:
Shall I add your name to the list?

5) SAME
IDIOM BY THE SAME TOKEN
For the same reasons:
Some say he is a real charmer, but by the same token others are put off by his manner.

6) FOR
PHRASAL VERB ACCOUNT FOR
To give an explanation of something:
He was unable to account for the error.

7) THESE
DETERMINER THESE
Used to refer to a person, thing, idea etc that has just been mentioned or to something that has
just happened:
Is there any way of solving these problems?

8) NOW
PHRASE FOR NOW
For a short time:
Just leave your tools on the table for now.
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THE SAHARA
SAH’RA is an Arabic word (1) … means dun or mouse-coloured. For the Arabs it signified originally a flat, barren expanse of grey-brown earth. This is the
meaning it has in pre-islamic Arab literature. Sah’ra is the colour of death. El Yakubi, a geographer of the ninth century, (2) ... uses the word Sah’ra as
synonymous with cemetery. But in the same century it (3) ... appears in a work entitled “The Conquest of North Africa” by an Egyptian Ibn el Hakam,
probably for the first time, to designate a part of the North African desert. To the European the oases are part of the Sahara, like emeralds set (4) ... dull
bronze. To the casual visitor, in fact, the oases are undoubtedly the highlights of his experience of the desert. But (5) ... who inhabit the desert, and
particularly the nomads, (6) ... associate the Sahara (7) ... the grey pallor of death. (8) ... they speak of it, they are not thinking of the palm-groves, the wells
and the oases as living islands in an ocean of barren sand and rubble.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) WHICH/THAT
Used to be exact about the thing or things that you mean:

2) EVEN
ADVERB EVEN
Used to emphasize something that is unexpected or surprising in what you are saying:
It was quite difficult to see, even with the light on.

3) ALSO
ADVERB ALSO
In addition; too:
My aunt was also called Sarah.

4) IN
VER + PREPOSITION SET IN
To put a precious stone into a piece of jewellery:
She had the sapphire set in a gold ring.
5) THOSE
DETERMINER THOSE WHO
Those who => People who:
There are those who disapprove of all forms of gambling.

6) STILL
ADVERB STILL
Despite what has just been said:
Although he promised faithfully to come, I still didn't think he would.

7) WITH
VERB + PREPOSITION ASSOCIATE WITH
To make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another:
I don't associate him with extreme sports.
8) WHEN
ADVERB WHEN
Used to mention a type of event or situation when talking about what happens on occasions of
that type:
He always wears glasses except when playing hockey.
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Earth's Fiercest Storms
A hurricane’s immense power - capable (1) … killing thousands of people – captures the imagination of people around the world, even those who expect
never to experience (2) ... a storm. The complex interplay of forces that create hurricanes and similar storms makes them even more fascinating to those
who want to learn a little (3) ... how nature works.
New images and reports of Hurricane Katrina’s physical and human devastation to New Orleans and coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi and
Alabama, beginning on August 30, 2005, showed the world (4) ... only the power of a strong hurricane, but (5) ... the consequences (6) ... to individuals and
the society of not being prepared to cope (7) ... such a storm (8) ... ample warnings. Hurricanes are neither the largest nor strongest storms, but their
combination of size and strength make them the deadliest and most destructive storms on Earth.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) OF
ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION CAPABLE OF
Having the qualities or ability needed to do something:
He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.

2) SUCH
DETERMINER SUCH
Of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned:
He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse.

3) ABOUT
VERB + PREPOSITION LEARN ABOUT
To gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience, from being taught, etc:
He learned about his appointment by telephone yesterday.

4) NOT
CONJUNCTION NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO
In addition to being or doing something:
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.

5) ALSO
CONJUNCTION NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO
In addition to being or doing something:
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.

6) BOTH
CONJUNCTION BOTH ... AND
Used to emphasize that something is true not just of one person, thing, or situation but also of
another:
He can both speak and write Dutch.

7) WITH
VERB + PREPOSITION COPE WITH
To deal successfully with something difficult:
She feared she wouldn't be able to cope with two new babies.

8) DESPITE
PREPOSITION DESPITE
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The Art of Climbing

There are no easy ways to improve your climbing performance. It will always require sweat and determination. To believe (1) ... is folly. But by losing the
ancient dogmas and applying sport science (2) ... your efforts, the rewards will come faster and with (3) ... effort. Whether you prefer to focus (4) ... one
aspect of the climbing spectrum, or tackle them all, you can only succeed with a solid foundation of fitness.
(5) ... the luck of the genetic draw can carry you only so far: a less gifted climber who trains smarter will blow you (6) ... .Don’t underestimate the value of
training, (7) ... . A University of Mexico study of twenty-four male and twenty female climbers evaluated a wide range of variables that can affect
performance on sport routes. Nobody consciously (8) ... out to train “dumb”. Ask most climbers and they will vehemently deny their training efforts have
been a waste of time – and in the next breath admit they could be doing more.
1) 2) 3)
OK OK OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) OTHERWISE
ADVERB OTHERWISE
To say, think, believe, or decide something different:
I don't believe in god, persuade me to believe otherwise.

2) TO
VERB + PREPOSITION APPLY TO
To use something such as a method, idea, or law in a particular situation, activity, or process:
New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.

3) LESS
DETERMINER LESS
Used with uncountable nouns to mean 'a smaller amount of':
He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer.

4) ON
VERB + PREPOSITION FOCUS ON
To give attention, effort, etc. to one particular subject, situation or person rather than another:
The discussion focused on three main problems.

5) EVEN
ADVERB EVEN
Used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising:
It was quite difficult to see, even with the light on.

6) AWAY
PHRASAL VERB BLOW AWAY
To defeat somebody easily:
John blew away the other competitors.

7) EITHER
ADVERB EITHER
Used after negative phrases to state that a feeling or situation is similar to one already
mentioned:
I haven't seen the film and my brother hasn't either.

8) SETS
PHRASAL VERB SET OUT TO DO STH
To start doing something or making plans to do something in order to achieve a particular result:
Brian set out to break the world record.
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Electronic Clerks

The word computer is a misleading name (1) ... the ubiquitous machine that sits on our desks. If we go (2) ... to the Victorian period, or even the World War
II era, the word meant an occupation, defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "one who computes; a calculator, reckoner; specifically a person
employed to make calculations in an observatory, in surveying, etc."
In (3) ..., although modern computer can work with numbers, (4) ... main use is for storing and manipulating information, (5) ... is, for doing the kinds of
jobs performed by a clerk--defined in the Oxford English Dictionary (6) ... "one employed in a subordinate position in a public or private office, shop,
warehouse, etc., to make written entries, (7) ... accounts, make fair copies of documents, do the mechanical work of correspondence and similar 'clerkly'
work." The electronic computer (8) ... be said to combine the roles of the human computer and the human clerk.
1) 2) 3)
OK OK OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) FOR
NOUN + PREPOSITION NAME FOR
A word or words that a particular person, animal, place or thing is known by:
Rubella is just another name for German measles.

2) BACK
PHRASAL VERB GO BACK
To have existed for a particular amount of time or since a particular period :
These ruins go back hundreds of years.

3) FACT
IDIOM IN FACT
Used when you are adding something, especially something surprising, to emphasize what you
have just said:
He was paid money for a job that did not in fact exist.

4) ITS
POSSESSIVE DETERMINER ITS
Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned or easily identified:
The baby threw its food on the floor.

5) THAT
IDIOM THAT IS
Used to say what something means or to give more information:
He's a local government administrator, that is to say a civil servant.

6) AS
VERB + PREPOSITION DEFINE STH AS STH
To explain the meaning of a word :
Manual work is broadly defined as work that you do with your hands.

7) KEEP
COLLOCATION KEEP ACCOUNTS
Keep an exact record of the money that a company has received and the money it has spent:
Here he shares his top tips for keeping your accounts in order.
8) CAN
MODAL VERB CAN
used to say that it is possible for somebody/something to do something, or for something to

happen:
The stadium can be emptied in four minutes.
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Gift from the Baltic

Amber jewellery has always been much sought after and, through trade, amber pieces often ended (1) ... in areas distant from their source. The discovery
of amber thought to (2) ... come from the Baltic but found in caches, excavations, and burial grounds throughout Europe and North Africa has led to the
reconstruction of the ancient amber trade routes. These routes, the details of (3) ... are still somewhat controversial, varied depending upon the amber
source and the period, but were active during the Greek and Roman periods.
(4) ... distant trade accounts for the finding of Baltic amber beads in Etruscan tomb as well as in excavations in Mycenae, Egypt, and Rome. Amber was
also (5) ... demand by the Arabic and Oriental cultures, and worn Baltic amber beads (6) ... appear today in necklaces from Morocco, Iran, and Tibet. The
lore and study of amber has always been an integral (7) ... of the Baltic cultures, and from time immemorial (8) ... the present, amber has been collected
from the shores of the Baltic Sea.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) UP
PHRASAL VERB ENDED UP
To find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be in:
If you go on like this you'll end up in prison.

2) HAVE
PERFECT INFINITY HAVE
We form the perfect infinitive with to have + the III form of a verb:
I am glad to have found a new job.

3) WHICH
RELATIVE PRONOUN WHICH
Used to give more information about something:
She stayed at a good hotel the facilities of which are fabulous.

4) SUCH
DETERMINER SUCH + ADJECTIVE + NOUN
Used to emphasize the great degree of something:
How can anyone live on such a small salary?

5) IN
FIXED PHRASE IN DEMAND
The need or desire that people have for particular goods and services:
He was a successful lecturer, much in demand.

6) STILL
ADVERB STILL
Continuing until a particular point in time and not finishing :
I wrote to them last month and I'm still waiting for a reply.

7) PART
IDIOM AN INTEGRAL PART OF STH
Being an essential part of something:
Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum.

8) TO
PREPOSITION TO
As far as a particular point or limit:
Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.
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FOOTBALL IN BRITAIN
Both the varieties of football that originally hailed (1) ... Britain, the Rugby and Association games, have probably (2) ... been as popular as they are now.
The association game, or soccer as it has become generally known, is now almost globally popular and judging by the last few World Cups, (3) ... long a
team from Asia, Africa or North America will go on to win the trophy. Rugby's progress has been (4) ... dramatic but the game is becoming increasingly
international and is surely destined to continue to expand.
Of course, periodically it is (5) ... that both varieties of football will be afflicted (6) ... problems stemming from a downturn in the world economy and
difficulties generated by financial mismanagement. Collectively, however, their future appears bright. Peculiarly enough, (7) ... this very little is known
about the origins of modern football and many questions relating to (8) ... growth and development remain unanswered. Football is a very old game,
especially in Britain.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) FROM
PHRASAL VERB HAILED FROM
To come from or have been born in a particular place:
My mother hails from Dublin.

2) NEVER
ADVERB NEVER
Not at any time, or not once:
She has never been to the United States before.

3) BEFORE
FIXED PHRASE BEFORE LONG
Soon or in a short time:
It's likely that the law will be abolished before long.

4) LESS
ADVERB LESS
A smaller amount or not as much:
The blue shirt is less expensive.

5) LIKELY
ADJECTIVE LIKELY
Probably going to happen, or probably true:
The study shows some people are more likely to suffer back problems.

6) BY\WITH
VERB + PREPOSITION BE AFFLICTED WITH/BY STH
To affect somebody/something in an unpleasant or harmful way:
He's badly afflicted with/by a skin disorder.

7) DESPITE
PREPOSITION DESPITE
Used to show that something happened or is true although something else might have
happened to prevent it:
She ran the race despite an injury.

8) ITS
POSSESSIVE DETERMINER ITS
Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned or easily identified:
The baby threw its food on the floor.
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The Role of Antibiotics in Our Life

Although there are many strains of antibiotic bacteria now present in hospital wards, antibiotics have effectively served (1) ... original purpose over the
course of the past eighty years. They have been able to treat the infections of countless individuals and saved millions of lives. Antibiotics have changed
the way in (2) ... many common diseases are viewed. (3) ... infected with bacterial pneumonia, for instance, is no longer considered fatal. Rather, it is
viewed as a mundane infection which can be cured (4) ... a simple course of antibiotics. The number of antibiotics available for use has also affected their
impact (5) ... society. Even if one antibiotic is ineffective at treating a disease, there are, for most common infections, a host of (6) ... drugs that can be used
to effectively cure the disease. The development of antibiotics over the past eighty years has changed the relationship between humans and disease.
Antibiotics have given humans the power to fight back effectively (7) ... microorganisms in a way that (8) ... have been considered impossible just a
century ago.
1) OK 2) OK 3) OK
4) OK 5) OK 6) OK
7) OK 8) OK
ANSWER KEYS
1) THEIR
IDIOM SERVED THEIR PURPOSE
If something has served its purpose, it has done what you needed it to do:
We delete the data once it has served its purpose.

2) WHICH
PREPOSITION + RELATIVE PRONOUN IN WHICH
Used to give more information about somethinge:
It was the river in which the children preferred to swim.

3) BEING
BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE BEING INFECTED
Using being + past participle makes what we say or write more formal:
Being imported, the cars were more expensive.

4) WITH
VERB + PREPOSITION CURED WITH
To stop (a disease) by using drugs or other medical treatments:
The infection can be cured with antibiotics.

5) ON
NOUN + PREPOSITION IMPACT ON
The effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone or something:
Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.

6) OTHER
ADJECTIVE OTHER
Used to refer to people or things that are additional or different to people or things that have
been mentioned or are known about:
In addition to Maria, Gina has three other children.

7) AGAINST
PREPOSITION FIGHT BACK EFFECTIVELY AGAINST
In opposition to someone/something:
I'm against all forms of censorship.

8) WOULD
MODAL VERB WOULD
Used for talking about the possible results of a situation that is unlikely to happen or that did not
happen:
What would happen if there was an earthquake?

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16/12/21 12:46 CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF ENGLISH / Open Cloze / Test 2

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF

THE WONDROUS WORLD OF COFFEE

Have you got any other questions?

The present tense and plural of 'be':

They are in trouble now.

Used when you are giving the reason for something:

I did it because he told me to.

To deal with all the necessary work, arrangements etc:

Her secretary always took care of the details.

Depending on something in order to be completed or agreed:

All the holidays on offer are subject to availability.

Used to give more information about something:

Disneyland, all of which belongs to the Disney Company, is located in Anaheim.

To arrange something in groups according to features that they have in common:

Students are classified into three categories.

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF

The children are divided into twelve classes according to age and ability.

Used to mean 'but' when you are commenting on a statement:

I felt he was wrong, although (but) I didn't say so at the time.

Used after a noun to show what thing or things you mean:

Did you see the book which came today?

All the mail must be answered.

To start in a particular place or be produced from a particular thing:

This wool comes from goats, not sheep.

He loved her. Therefore, he married her.

The thing or things that:

These tools are just what I need for this job.

I love the spring - it is a wonderful time of the year.

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF

Used when you are giving the reason for something:

I can't go because I'm ill.

SUCH + NOUN or SUCH + ADJECTIVE + NOUN Used to emphasize your description of

He never used to have such a bad temper.

Always check the details carefully before you sign any written agreement.

A lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions, etc:

There is a contradiction between the two sets of figures.

To happen especially according to plan:

The meeting took place on 7 May.

To say what something or someone is like by giving details about them:

He described her as tall and dark.

The one that; the ones that:

The man who (that) telephoned was a friend of mine.

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF

Used after a noun to show what thing or things you mean:

Did you see the book which (that) came today?

Used when the following word begins with a vowel sound:

This is the most frequently mentioned reason.

Not one; not any; not a:

If something results from something else, it is caused by it:

We will pay for any damage that results from our experiments.

Mr Putin also criticised the world's dependence on the dollar.

The present tense and plural of 'be':

We are not able to repair this car.

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE

Used before Iberian Peninsula:

Used with past participles to formperfect tenses:

I have never been to Dublin before.

She's the most beautiful girl I have ever met.

His mother won't be there, but his father might.

VERB + PREPOSITION REFLECT IN

To show or be a sign of the nature of something or of somebody's attitude or feeling: