DRUG STUDY

DRUG MECHANIS INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE NURSING

CLASSIFICATION M OF S S EFFECTS CONSIDERATION
S ACTION S
Generic name: Metformin Metformin is It is contraindicated in  Reassess patient’s
Metformin decrease indicated as an patients hypersensitive to CNS: asthenia, level of pain
hepatic glucose adjunct to diet drug and in those with headache, atleast 15-30
Brand name: production and to lower glucose hepatic disease or dizziness, chills, minutes after
Glucophage, intestinal level in patients metabolic acidosis or lactic light-headedness. parenteral
Glucophage XR, absorption of with type 2 acidosis, including diabetic CV: chest administration and
Glumetza, Riomet glucose and diabetes. ketoacidosis with or discomfort, 30 minutes after
improves without coma, not palpitations oral
Dosage: 500 mg insulin indicated for use in patient EENT; rhinitis administration.
sensitivity with type 1 diabetes GI: diarrhea,  Monitor patient
Frequency: b.i.d (increases mellitus or diabetic nausea, closely because
peripheral ketoacidosis. vomiting, drug has
Route: PO glucose uptake abdominal cumulative effect;
and use). bloating, marked sedation
Therapeutic class: flatulence, can occur after
Antidiabetics anorexia, taste repeated doses.
disorder,  Instruct patient to
Pharmacological abnormal stools, increase fluid and
class: Biguanides constipation, fiber in diet, if not
dyspepsia, contraindicated, to
weight loss. combat
METABOLIC: constipation.
hypoglycemia  Advice patient to
MUSCULO- avoid alcohol
SKELETAL: during therapy.
myalgia, limb  Caution patients
pain not to use CNS
RESPIRATORY depressants during
: URI initiation of
SKIN: flushing, treatment with
nail disorder, methadone
diphoresis
OTHER:
accidental injury,
infection.
 DRUG MECHANIS INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION SIDE NURSING
CLASSIFICATION M OF S EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS
S ACTION
Generic name: Selectively Nebivolol is It is contraindicated in Nebivolol  Check patient’s BP
Nebivolol blocks beta1 – indicated to treat patients hypersensitive to may cause and HR often.
adrenergic hypertension drug and in those with side effects:  Observe a diabetic
Brand name: Bystolic receptors, and multiple decompensated HF, severe patient closely
reducing HR, conditions such bradycardia, second or  headache because drug may
Dosage: 5mg myocardial as hypertension, third degree AV block, sick  tiredness mask evidence of
contractility, angina, sinus syndrome,  weakness hypoglycaemia.
Frequency: once daily, and arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, or  dizziness  If patient has a
may give drug without sympathetic anxiety, severe hepatic impairment.  diarrhea history of HF,
regard to food. tone. Nebivolol hyperthyroidism In general, patients with  nausea watch for
also reduces BP , migraine bronchial asthma or related worsening
 stomach
Route: PO by supressing prophylaxis, and bronchospastic disease symptoms, renal
pain
renin activity to prevent shouldn’t receive beta dysfunction, or
 difficulty
Therapeutic class: and decreasing essential blocker. fluid retention.
falling
Antihypertensives peripheral tremors. Patient’s diuretic
asleep or
vascular dosage may need to
staying
Pharmacologic class: resistance. be increased.
asleep
Beta blockers
 numbness  In patients with
, burning, known or suspected
or tingling pheochromocytoma
in the , initiate an alpha
hands, blocker before use
arms, feet, of a beta blocker.
or legs  Store drug at room
temperature in a
light resistant
container.
 DRUG MECHANIS INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIO SIDE NURSING
CLASSIFICATIO M OF NS EFFECTS CONSIDERATIO
NS ACTION NS
Generic name: Vitamin D is Vitamin D3 use is Hypercalcemia Common side effects  Review diet
Cholecalciferol well known as indicated for the associated with using modification
(Vitamin D3) a hormone treatment of  Ergocalciferol vitamin D include: with patient.
involved in specific medical (oral):  Encourage
Brand name: mineral conditions like Gastrointestinal  Arrhythmias intake of
Adrovance, Animi-3 metabolism refractory rickets (GI), liver, or  Confusion foods that
With Vitamin D, and bone (or vitamin D biliary disease  Constipation are calcium
Citranatal B-calm growth. Its resistant rickets), associated with  Dry mouth and vitamin
Kit, Citranatal most dramatic hypoparathyroidis malabsorption of  Headache D rich.
Harmony, Fosamax effect is to m, and familial vitamin D  High levels  Do not
Plus D, Fosavance, facilitate hypophosphatemia analogs of calcium in exceed the
Infuvite, Infuvite intestinal  Documented the blood RDA.
Pediatric, Mvc- absorption of hypersensitivity (hypercalcem  Review s/s if
fluoride, Natafort, calcium, with drugs that ia) overdose.
Pregvit, Vidextra although it could have  Emphasize
 Lethargy
also allergenic cross- the
 Metallic taste
Dosage: 1000 units stimulates reactivity with importance
in the mouth
absorption of ergocalciferol of follow-up
Frequency: daily phosphate and  Muscle or
bone pain exams to
magnesium monitor
Route: PO ions. In the  Nausea
 Sluggishness progress.
absence of
Therapeutic class: vitamin D,  Vomiting
Vitamins, Fat- dietary
Soluble calcium is not
absorbed at all
efficiently.
 DRUG MECHANIS INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE NURSING
CLASSIFICATION M OF S S EFFECTS CONSIDERATION
S ACTION S
Generic name: Inhibits the Clopidogrel is It is contraindications in Common side  Advice patient
Clopidogrel binding of the indicated to patients drugs or its effects of that it may
P2Y12 reduce rate of components, in those with Clopidogrel can take longer
Brand name: Plavix components of MI and stroke in a history of include: that usual to
ADP to its patient with hypersensitivity or stop bleeding
Dosage: 75mg platelet established hematologic rection to  headaches and to refrain
receptor, peripheral other thienopyridines, and or dizziness. from activities
Frequency: daily impeding ADP- arterial disease in those with pathologic  nausea. in which
mediated or history of bleeding (such as peptic  diarrhoea or trauma and
Route: PO activation and recent MI or ulcer or intracranial constipation bleeding may
subsequent stroke. haemorrhage). . occur.
Therapeutic class: platelet  indigestion Encourage
Antiplatelet drugs aggregation, (dyspepsia) patient to wear
and irreversibly  stomach a seat belt
Pharmacologic class: modifies the ache or when in a car.
Platelet aggregation platelet ADP abdominal  Instruct patient
inhibitors receptor. pain. to notify
 nosebleeds. prescriber if
 increased unusual
bleeding bleeding or
(your blood bruising
taking occurs.
longer to  Tell patient to
clot – for inform all
example, health care
when you provider,
cut including
yourself), or dentist, before
easy undergoing
bruising. procedures or
starting new
drug therapy,
about taking
drug.
 Inform patient
that drug may
be taken
without regard
to meal.
 DRUG MECHANISM INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE NURSING
CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS
S
Generic name: Isosorbide Treatment and It is contraindicated in CNS:  Monitor BP,
Isosorbide Mononitrate to prevention of patient with headache, HR, and
Mononitrate reduce cardiac angina pectoris. hypersensitivity or dizziness, intensity and
oxygen demand idiosyncrasy to nitrates and weakness duration of
Brand name: Apo- by decreasing in those with severe CV: drug response.
ISMN, Imdur, preload and hypotension, angle-closure orthostatic  Tell patient to
Monoket, PMS- afterload. Drug glaucoma, increased ICP, hypotension, change to an
ISMN, PRO-ISMN also may shock, or acute MI with tachycardia, upright
increase blood low left ventricular filling palpitations, position
Dosage: 60mg flow through pressure. ankle edema, slowly, to
the collateral flushing, climb stairs
Frequency: daily coronary fainting carefully, and
vessels. EENT: to lie down at
Route: PO sublingual first sign of
burning dizziness
Therapeutic class: GI: nausea,  Caution
Antiaginals vomiting patient to
SKIN: avoid alcohol
Pharmacologic class: cutaneous because it may
Nitrates vasodilator, worsen low BP
rash effects
 Tell patient to
store drug in a
cool dark
place, in
 tightly closed
container

DRUG MECHANIS INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIO SIDE NURSING

CLASSIFICATIO M OF NS EFFECTS CONSIDERATIO
NS ACTION NS
Generic name: Inhibits HMG-  Risk for in Contraindicated in CNS: asthenia,  Monitor
Rosuvastatin CoA patient patients hypersensitive to dizziness, LFTs at
reductase, without rosuvastatin or its headache baseline and
Brand name: Crestor increases clinical components, patients GI: abdominal with any
LDFL evidence of with active liver disease, pain, indication of
Dosage: 40mg receptors on CAD but and those with constipation, hepatotoxicit
liver cells, and with unexplained persistently diarrhea, y.
Frequency: daily, inhibits multiple risk increased transaminase dyspepsia,  Monitor liid
wait 2 hours after hepatic factors. levels. nausea, vomiting panel at
giving dose to give synthesis of  Adjunct to GU: cystitis baseline and
aluminium- very-low diet to slow HEMATOLOGI fasting lipid
ormagnesium- density atheroscleros C: anemia, profile within
containing antacid. lipoprotein. is ecchymosis 4 to 12 weeks
progression METABOLIC: after
Route: PO in patient diabetes mellitus initiation or
with MUSCULOSKE dosage
Therapeutic class: elevated - adjustment
Antilipemics cholesterol. LETAL: and every 3
arthralgia, to 12 months
Pharmacologic class: myalgia, neck thereafter.
HMG-CoA pain  Notify
reductase inhibitors prescriber if
CK level
 becomes
markedly
elevated or
myopathy is
suspected , or
if routine
urinalysis
shows
persistent
proteinuria
and patient is
taking 40 mg
daily.
