Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751

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An erosion and corrosion study on thermally sprayed WC-Co-Cr powder T

synergized with Mo2C/Y2O3/ZrO2 feedstock powders☆
Jashanpreet Singha,⁎, Satish Kumarb, S.K. Mohapatraa
a
Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
b
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords: The present study is based on erosion wear analysis of WC-Co-Cr powder thermally sprayed on super-duplex
Slurry erosion stainless steel (SDSS) 2507. A high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process was used to deposit the WC-Co-Cr thermal
Corrosion spraying powder. A small weight proportion of Mo2C, Y2O3 and ZrO2 feedstock powders was mechanically
Super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) 2507 blended to WC-Co-Cr thermal spraying powder for analyze the improvement in erosion wear. Erosion wear
Cermet coatings
experiments were conducted using a slurry pot tester at a rotational speed of 600–1500 rev/min for time
WC-Co-Cr powder
HVOF thermal spraying
duration of 90–180 min. Sand was used as the erodent medium; the concentration of solid particles was varied
from 30% to 60% (by weight). Present study was extended to analyze the mechanical properties of coatings.
Results show that the 3% addition of feedstock powders was beneficial to improve the erosion wear resistance of
SDSS-2507. The addition of Y2O3 and Mo2C had improved the erosion wear performance of WC-Co-Cr coating.
The addition of Y2O3 provided high erosion wear as compared to Mo2C addition. The addition of ZrO2 was
helpful to significantly improve the corrosion resistance of WC-Co-Cr coating whereas it decreases the erosion
wear resistance of coating.

1. Introduction Prior to experimentation, a literature survey was carried out, ana-

Hydraulic machinery (such as turbines, pumps, valves, fittings, etc.)
and their components undergo erosion and corrosion while they come
into contact with liquids or solid-liquids [1]. The erosion and corrosion
on components of slurry pump is illustrated in Fig. 1. Generally, the
slurry erosion caused by silt/sand slurry predominantly affects the ef-
ficiency and life of hydraulic machinery [2]. In such cases, it is essential
to prevent or reduce material deterioration and to increase the life of
components.
The present investigation was aimed to study the slurry erosion of
pump material used in slurry transportation systems of mining industry
as well as thermal power plants. The solids processed through slurry
pumps in these industries are entirely different in nature from each
other. Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) 2507 is widely used to fab-
ricate the different components of slurry pump [3]. The main reason of
selecting this material was its versatility in many applications excepting
slurry pumps such as turbine blades [3,4]. The applications of SDSS
2507 in centrifugal slurry pumps, mining and marine pumps are fab-
rication of pump impeller, seals, valve seats, heavy duty pump im-
pellers, etc. [5].
lyzing earlier studies performed by different researchers. Various
coating processes have been used at the industrial level. The high ve-
locity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying process is widely used to coat the
components of hydraulic machinery for the application of solid-liquid
flow. The HVOF spraying process is widely-used to provide resistance
against erosion, abrasion, and corrosion to hydraulic machinery [6].
Many researchers have used WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr coatings to improve
the erosion wear resistance of stainless steels use in different hydraulic
machineries. WC-10Co-4Cr is very widely-used in many industrial ap-
plications and commercially successful [7,8]. A good deal of literature
is available on WC-Co-Cr coatings deposited by different spraying
processes. However, these cermet coatings can be still improved in
terms of erosion and corrosion performance. Cho et al. [9] have studied
the microstructure of HVOF sprayed nano and micron WC–Co coating
powders. The nano and micron coating powders were taken in pro-
portion of 12% and 88% (by weight) respectively. They found that
hardness of nano WC–Co was lower than that of micro WC–Co because
of hard WC decomposition. Thakur et al. [10] reported the slurry ero-
sion behavior of coated surface with the help of slurry pot erosion
tester. They used multiwalled carbon nanotubes to improve the binding

☆
This paper was originally accepted for the International Conference on Wear of Materials 2019.
⁎
Corresponding Author.
E-mail address: jashanpreet.singh@thapar.edu (J. Singh).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.082
Received 3 September 2018; Received in revised form 13 January 2019; Accepted 19 January 2019
0043-1648/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
J. Singh, et al.
Fig. 1. Erosion and corrosion on components of centrifugal slurry pump (3 hp).
strength of nanoscale WC–10Co–4Cr. They found that fine grains of WC
in WC-CoCr cermet coating powder provided higher erosion resistance
as compare to conventional cermet coating at all testing parameter.
Machio et al. [11] used vanadium carbide to improve the dry and wet
abrasion resistance of the WC–Co coating. Nath and Kumar [12] per-
formed an erosion wear investigation on 13Cr–4Ni martensitic stainless
steel by depositing WC–10Co–4Cr cermet coating. They improved the
erosion wear performance of WC–10Co–4Cr cermet coating by addition
of 2% (by weight) of micro-sized yttrium oxide.
From literature survey, it can be concluded that the erosion and
corrosion performance of WC-Co-Cr coating can be improved by addi-
tion of other feedstocks. So, the present study has been carried out to
perform to improve the performance of SDSS2507 under high-erosion-
duty conditions in hydraulic machinery. A comparative analysis has
been made between different HVOF deposited WC-Co-Cr coatings
containing different amount of Mo2C, Y2O3 and ZrO2 feedstocks.
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Base materials
In present study, super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) 2507 was used
as a substrate. Test specimen is of rectangular shape having dimensions
(l×b×h) 67.5 × 25.4 × 5.0 mm and a concentric hole of 8 mm dia-
meter. The chemical composition of SDSS2507 was measured with the
help of an optical emission spectrometer (manufactured by Foundry
master, Oxford Instruments, Uedem, Germany). The nominal compo-
sition of SDSS2507 is as represented in Table 1. The microhardness of
SDSS2507 was measured with digital micro hardness testing equipment
(manufactured by Metatech MVH-1 Pune, India). During the testing, the
indentation load was taken as 500 gm. Experimental repeatability was
accounted by testing the microhardness in 6 trails. Average micro-
hardness of the SDSS2507 was found as 212 ± 6 Hv.
2.2. Properties of flowing media
The flowing media in erosion wear experiments is sand slurry. The
source of sand silt samples was Nathpa Jhakri Dam, Kinnaur, Himachal
Pradesh (India). SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDS (energy
dispersive spectroscopy) images of sand particles is represented by
Fig. 2. SEM was carried out by using a JEOL 6510LV scanning electron
microscope. Gold sputtering was performed on sand particles with the
help of JFC-1600 JEOL auto fine coater to facilitate them conduction
Table 1
Nominal composition of SDSS2507 (in percentage).
S C Mo Ni Cr N Fe
0.011 0.035 3.96 5.99 23.98 0.21
Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751
behavior. Particle size distribution (PSD) was carried out to find out the
average fineness number (AFN) which was calculated from following
expression:
(Mi × (mi × g ))
AFN =
( mi × g ) (1)
In above equation, ‘mi’ is mass retained in each sieve, and ‘Mi’ is the
British sieve standard (BSS) multiplier which was found as 7860.
Average fineness number (AFN) of sand sample was found as 195 µm
(standard range: 180–210 µm). BSS No. of sand was found as 78.6
(standard range: 82–72).
2.3. Thermal spraying process
In present study, different thermal spraying powders were used to
enhance the erosion wear resistance to the substrate materials. Thermal
spraying powders namely Y2O3 and ZrO2 powders were purchased from
high purity laboratory chemicals (HPLC) Pvt. Ltd. Srigam, (India). WC-
10Co4Cr and Mo2C were purchased from Parshwamani metals, Mumbai
(India). The details of thermal spraying powders are mentioned in
Table 2.
High adhesion strength is an essential for long life of coated sur-
faces. So prior from HVOF spraying, the sand blasting was performed on
specimens by using a Sand blasting unit (Manufactured by Abrablast
Equipment Pvt. Ltd., Jodhpur, India). Sand blasting process provides
the random post-collided surface which helps to bind the micron-layer
of spraying powder with substrate. HVOF spraying was performed at
Harsha Specialty Welding and Coatings Panchkula, India using a HVOF
MP-2100 unit and HP-2700 torch. The values of spraying parameters
during HVOF process are mentioned in Table 3.
3. Experiments
Slurry erosion experiments were conducted using a slurry pot tester
(Model: TR-401, manufactured by Ducom; Bangalore, India), as shown
in Fig. 3(a). The experiments were performed at a rotational speed (N)
of 600–1500 rpm for time durations (T) of 90–180 min. Sand was used
as an erodent medium, the concentration (Cw) of which was taken as
30–60% (by weight). Slurry erosion was measured by weighing the
coated specimens on an electronic weighing machine (least count =
10−4 gm). Different arrangements were used to evaluate the effect of
impingement angle on slurry erosion. The schematic diagrams of im-
pingement angle arrangements are shown in Fig. 3(b-c). The develop-
ment of arrangements was discussed in previous study [1]. Initially, the
different weight proportions of different spraying powders were added
in WC-Co-Cr coating powder for the purpose of optimization of weight
proportion. Coating powders namely Y2O3, Mo2C, and ZrO2 were added
Bal. in proportion of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% in WC-10Co-4Cr powder. The
erosion wear experiments were performed at maximum rotation speed
2
J. Singh, et al. Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751

Fig. 2. SEM-EDS images of sand particles.

Table 2 indentation load. During the testing, the indentation load (P) was taken
Details of thermal spraying powders. as 30 μN. Load versus depth (p-h) curve for WC-Co-Cr coatings is shown
Powder Grade Particle size Base of powder in Fig. 5. The average microhardness value of the WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%
WC-10Co4Cr WOKA 3533 45 ± 15 µm WC ZrO2 coatings was found as 1156 ± 27, 1164 ± 21, 1123 ± 18 and
Mo2C Pure <45 µm Mo 1089 ± 32 Hv respectively.
Y2O3 Pure <30 µm Y
ZrO2 1% of HfO2 <15 µm Zr
4.1.2. Crystallographic analysis
X-ray diffractions (XRD) were performed using a Philips X′pert
i.e. 1500 rev/min, solid concentration of 30% for the time duration of diffractometer (Model: PW-1710). The XRD results of WC-Co-Cr coat-
180 min. The erosion wear results of WC-10Co-4Cr coating with addi- ings are illustrated in Fig. 6. Fig. 6 reveals that crystalline phase WC,
tion of different amounts of different coating powders are shown in W2C, Cr26C6, Cr7C3, and CoC were present in the WC-10Co-4Cr-coated
Fig. 4. It was found that the erosion wear was found minimum with 3% surface. The WC phase present in the WC-10Co-4Cr coating is generally
addition of different coating powders. ductile and undergoes cracks, craters, and fractures. The XRD of WC-
10Co-4Cr +3% Y2O3 shows the presence of crystalline phases WC,
Co6W6C, Cr7C3 and Y2O3 in coated surface. The XRD of WC-10Co-4Cr
4. Results and discussions +3% Mo2C indicates the presence of WC, W2C, α-Mo2C, Cr26C6, Cr7C3,
and CoC crystalline phases. XRD results of WC-10Co-4Cr +3% ZrO2
4.1. Pre-experimental analysis coating indicates the presence of WC, W32O84, W2C, Cr23C6, Cr3C7, CoC,
Co2O4 (cobalt dicobalt (III) oxide), α-ZrO2, β-ZrO2 (baddeleyite), and γ-
4.1.1. Nano-indentation analysis ZrO2(zirconia nanocrystalline) crystalline phases.
Nano-indentation was performed to analyze the mechanical prop-
erties of different WC-Co-Cr coatings. The microhardness of different 4.1.3. Morphological analysis
cermet coatings was evaluated using the nano-indentation method. A Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was also employed
Nanoindentor (manufactured by NHT3 Anton Paar, Graz, Austria) was to analyze the surface morphology of as-sprayed surface on surface of
used to measure the microhardness in terms of nanohardness. The substrate. SEM micrographs of WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3,
Nano-hardness was carried out to generate the depth (h) curve against WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coatings are

Table 3
Spraying parameters during HVOF process.
Spray parameter WC-10Co-4Cr WC-10Co4Cr+3%Mo2C WC-10Co4Cr+3% ZrO2 WC-10Co4Cr+3% Y2O3

Air flow rate (SPLM) 640 690

Air Pressure (kg/cm3) 6 6
Oxygen flow rate (SLPM) 260 245
Oxygen Pressure (kg/cm3) 10 10
LPG Fuel flow rate (SLPM) 60 70
Fuel Pressure (kg/cm2) 7.5 7.5
Powder feed rate (g/min) 30 25
Spray distance (mm) 150 150

3
J. Singh, et al. Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751

(a) Propeller shaft (b)

(c)
Buffer

Workpiece
Impeller
(d)
Slurry pot

Propeller shaft

Workpiece
(67.5×25.4×5.0 mm)

Exposed surface

Impeller to prevent settling of slurry

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of pot of slurry pot tester.

Fig. 4. Erosion wear results of WC-10Co-4Cr coating containing different

amounts of coating powders.

Fig. 6. XRD spectra of (a) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2, (b)WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3,

(c) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C, and (d) WC-10Co-4Cr

shown in Fig. 7. The SEM images of the HVOF sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr.

Fig. 7(a) indicates the presence of splates, pores and unmelted particles
on WC-10Co-4Cr as-sprayed surface. Semi-melted regions were ob-
served on the HVOF sprayed surface of WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, as
shown in Fig. 7(b). (c) and (d) represents the clear visualization of
melted lamellae splats and pores on HVOF sprayed surface of WC-10Co-
Fig. 5. Load-Depth curve for Nano-indentation of WC-Co-Cr coatings.
4Cr+3%Mo2C and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coatings. Coating thickness
was also determined by performing SEM on a cross-sectional area of

4
J. Singh, et al.
Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of (a) WC-10Co-4Cr, (b) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, (c) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and (d) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2.
HVOF coated SDSS2507. The coating thickness was measured as a
random measure of peaks and valleys which was lies in range
155–185 µm. The cross-sectional SEM micrographs and EDS maps of
WC-10Co-4Cr WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and
WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coated specimen are shown in Fig. 8.
5
Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751
4.2. Erosion wear analysis
The results of the relative slurry erosion experiment were estab-
lished at different values of time (T), rotational speeds (N), solid con-
centration (C), and impact angle (α). Elkholy [13] had proposed a
correlation to prediction of wear for different slurry pump materials,
which is written as:
J. Singh, et al.
Fig. 8. EDS map of (a) WC-10Co-4Cr, (b) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, (c) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C, and (d) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coatings.
E = k × ( V ) m × (C ) n × (d ) q (2)
In above equation, the V represents the velocity of particles which is
associated with the speed of propeller shaft of tester, C is the con-
centration of solid in slurry (wt%), and d is the weighted mean diameter
of particles. The symbol m, n, and q represents the velocity, con-
centration and weighted mean diameter exponents.
6
Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751
4.2.1. Effect of velocity
The erosion wear of WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 at different rota-
tional speeds of propeller for sand particles (at Cw = 30%, α = 0° and
T = 180 min) is shown in Fig. 9. From the Fig. 9, it is observed that the
erosion wear is strongly influence with rotational speed. It is also ob-
served that WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3 coating exhibits higher slurry
erosion resistance as compared WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C
and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coatings. The order of erosion wear is
J. Singh, et al.
Fig. 9. Effect of rotational speed on erosion wear of WC-Co-Cr coatings.
found as:
• WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y O <WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo C<WC-10Co-
2 3 2 • WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo C<WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y O <WC-10Co-
4Cr<WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2.
Fig. 9 also depicts that the relative slurry erosion of specimen in-
creases at non-linear rate while the rotational speed of impeller shaft of
pot tester was increased by the increment of 300 rpm. This occurs due
to change in kinetic energy of particles. The sand particles moving at
high velocity inherent the high kinetic energy that release on the work
piece during the collisions thus high erosion occurs [14]. On the other
hand, the sand particles moving at low velocity exhibit low kinetic
energy which results in inferior erosion.
4.2.2. Effect of impact angle
Fig. 10 shows the erosion wear results at different impact angles
between sand particles and specimen. It was found that the maximum
erosion was observed at impact angle of 60° arrangement for all cermet
coatings. The trend of erosion wear indicates that of WC-10Co-4Cr and
WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C coatings show the brittle behavior, of WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coatings show the
semi-brittle behavior. The order of erosion wear for sand slurry is found
as:
Fig. 10. Effect of impact angle on erosion wear of WC-Co-Cr coatings.
7
Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751
Fig. 11. Effect of time duration on erosion wear of WC-Co-Cr coatings.
• WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y O <WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo C<WC-10Co-4Cr
2 3 2
+3%ZrO <WC-10Co-4Cr (at α = 0°).
2
2 2 3
4Cr<WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO (at α = 30°).
2
• WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo C<WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y O <WC-10Co-
2 2 3
4Cr<WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 (at α = 45 and 60°).
4.2.3. Effect of Time duration
Effect of time duration on the erosion wear of WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%
ZrO2 coatings by sand slurry is shown in Fig. 11. The erosion wear
experiments were performed at four different time durations namely
90, 120, 150 and 180 min at N = 1500 rev/min, α = 0° and Cw= 60%.
The erosion wear of different specimens was increased with time var-
iation. The minimum erosion wear is encountered at 90 min with WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3. The rate of increase in erosion rate with time
duration was found approximately linear.
4.2.4. Effect of solid concentration
The erosion rate of erosion rate of WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-10Co-4Cr
+3%Y2O3, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2
coatings at different solid concentrations of sand slurry (N = 1500 rev/
min, α = 0° and T = 180 min) is shown in Fig. 12. From Fig. 12, it is
found that erosion wear was increased nonlinearly with increase in
slurry concentration. Initially, the erosion rate increases at very faster
Fig. 12. Effect of solid concentration on erosion wear of WC-Co-Cr coatings.
J. Singh, et al. Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751

Fig. 13. Erosion wear mechanism by sand slurry on the surface of (a) WC-10Co-4Cr, (b) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, (c) WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and (d) WC-10Co-4Cr
+3%ZrO2.

8
J. Singh, et al.
Fig. 14. Potentiograms of polarization curves of different coatings.
for Cw= 30–40%, afterwards the increasing rate of erosion drops. The
general observation revealed that as the concentration of sand particles
increases the slurry erosion increases. This occurs due to increase in
particles’ density which increases with increase in solid concentration.
The increase in particles’ density tends toward high impacts on the
surface of coatings.
4.2.5. Analysis of erosion wear mechanisms
The erosion wear mechanisms of different coatings deposited on
SDSS2507 are also studied in present work. SEM of eroded surface was
carried out to analyze the surface morphology of all specimens. The
material properties directly contribute in erosion wear which largely
depends upon the mechanism of material removal. The investigators
recommended that cutting, fracture and abrasion are the major mode of
erosion wear mechanism that is relevant to centrifugal slurry pump
[14,15]. The eroded surface SEM micrographs of WC–10Co–4Cr coating
for sand slurry are shown in Fig. 13(a). From Fig. 13(a), the major
proportion of tungsten carbide phase can be visualized on the surface of
WC-10Co-4Cr coating. Erodent particles were also observed on the
eroded surfaces due to embedment of hard erodent particles in the re-
lative soft matrix to cobalt which can be found in SEM images. The
presence of wear marks can be observed on worn surface caused by
micro cutting/ploughing, carbide-fracture and lip formation. It is also
found that surface wear by the micro-crater is responsible for material
removal. Fig. 13(b) reveals the brittle fractures and microcutting on the
surface of WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3 coatings. The addition of 2% Yttria
content in WC-Co-Cr powder contributes in the improving the elasticity
of coating. Moreover, the addition of Yttria content enhances the den-
sification to the coating surface. Yttria have low melting point due to
this it combines with the WC-matrix which reduced the void space
present in metallic coating which strengthens the coating hence, the
erosion wear reduces [12]. Smeared region was observed throughout
the surface of WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C coating, as shown in Fig. 13(c).
The presence of smear on eroded surface is result of high carbon con-
tent. The addition of Mo2C was helpful in avoiding the ploughing, as
observed from SEM micrographs. WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 shows the
deep craters at many regions in a small area of coating. Zr-phase un-
dergoes to the microcutting action which can be visualized in
Fig. 13(d). The Zirconia contributes in improving the microhardness of
coating on the other hand, the ductility of coating drops in presence of
Zirconia phase [16].
4.3. Corrosion analysis
Electrochemical corrosion experiments were performed for WC-Co-
Cr coatings by preparing the sand slurry (30 wt% concentration) with
addition of NaCl solution (in proportion of 3.5 wt%). The coated area of
workpiece was exposed to electrolytic slurry. The corrosion of coatings
was evaluated by measuring the open-circuit potential and
9
Wear 438-439 (2019) 102751
potentiodynamic polarization. The duration of corrosion tests was kept
constant i.e. for 30 min at a scanning rate of 0.5 mV/sec. The coated
surface was immersed to sand slurry containing 3.5% of NaCl and open-
circuit potential was measured till the stabilization of potential. Coated
samples were polarized anodically during the corrosion experiments.
Experiments were performed twice to account the reproducibility. The
potentiograms of polarization curves of different coatings are shown in
Fig. 14. The order of corrosion for WC-Co-Cr coatings was found as:
WC-10Co-4Cr < WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C < WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3
> WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2. It was observed that the 3% ZrO2 was su-
perior in terms of providing the corrosion resistance to the WC-10Co-
4Cr coating as compared to Mo2C and Y2O3. Zr enhances electro-
negativity to the WC-Co-Cr coating which may results in reducing its
corrosion. The phenomenon of corrosion of WC-C-Cr coating holds good
agreement with other researchers [17].
5. Conclusions
An experimental approach was used to carry out to investigate the
slurry erosion failure of bare and coated SDSS 2507. The slurry erosion
process doesn’t only depend upon process parameters but also on
properties of substrate. In this context, the effect of different parameters
was investigated in present study. The following conclusions can be
drawn on the basis of present study:
• The average microhardness value of the WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-10Co-
4Cr+3%Y2O3, WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%
ZrO2 coatings was found as 1156, 1164, 1123 and 1089 Hv re-
spectively.
• The order of erosion wear with change in solid concentration, ve-
locity and time duration is found as: WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3<WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C<WC-10Co-4Cr<WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2.
• The trend of erosion wear indicates that of WC-10Co-4Cr and WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C coatings show the brittle behavior, of WC-
10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3, and WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coatings show the
semi-brittle behavior.
• The order of corrosion for WC-Co-Cr coatings was found as: WC-
10Co-4Cr < WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Mo2C < WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3>
WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2.
• Microscopically, the brittle fractures and microcutting were ob-
served on the surface of WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3 coatings. Smeared
region was observed throughout the surface of WC-10Co-4Cr+3%
Mo2C coating. WC-10Co-4Cr+3%ZrO2 coating show the deep cra-
ters at many regions in a small area of coating.
• The 3% ZrO2 was superior in terms of providing the corrosion re-
sistance to the WC-10Co-4Cr coating as compared to Mo2C and
Y2O3.
• WC-10Co-4Cr+3%Y2O3 coating is recommended amongst these
coatings for erosion wear applications and WC-10Co-4Cr+ZrO2 is
recommended fro corrosion applications.
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