DISASTER READINESS

AND RISK REDUCTION

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author: Rachel Gail B. Yosuico

Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer and Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout Artist: Leiann G. Celis

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Quarter 2 Week 2
 Title Card
Lesson 22-23: Interpreting Geohazard Maps and Different Mitigation
Strategies

Guide Card
Introduction
A geohazard map indicates areas that are susceptible to floods and landslides, as determined by
the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB). (Castillo, 2015) How are we going to determine the most
dangerous part of the map? And how are we going to mitigate the effects of these hazards? That will be
our topic for this module. Are you ready? Let’s go and learn!

Learning Competency
Interpret geological maps
Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss of lives and properties

Learning Objectives
a. Define geohazard maps
b. Identify areas/locations from the Philippine map prone to hazard
c. Identify and give practical ways of coping with geological hazards
d.
Pre-Test: What i know?
Instruction: Answer the following questions by in your notebook choosing the letter of the best answer.

1. What is a geologic hazard map?

A. A map that shows the potential mining areas in a different regions of the country
B. A map that shows the areas prone to hazards brought by geological events
C. A map that shows the number of geologists based on specific areas
D. A map that shows the geographic features of an area
2. Which of the following are the points, lines, shapes, and colors used in the map?
A. Legends B. Sources C. Symbols D. Titles

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3. Which of the following Philippine agencies and institutes produce geological hazard maps?
I. Department of Agriculture
II. Department of Trade and Industry
III. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
IV. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. III and IV
4. Which of the following is true about the red dots? (Refer to Earthquake-Prone Areas)
A. The biggest red dot indicates that the area was hit by a strong earthquake.
B. The smallest red dot indicates that the area was not hit by an earthquake.
C. The smallest red dot indicates that the area was hit by few earthquakes.
D. The biggest red dot indicates that the area was not hit by an earthquake.
5. Which is NOT an example of mitigation strategies?
A. Land use planning and design decisions that avoid developments and community infrastructure
in areas prone to hazards
B. Community awareness campaigns to increase knowledge of how to prepare for disaster events
C. Resilience activities including partnership building and engagement between sectors
D. Directly design to infrastructure or services

Review
From the previous module, you have learned the impending signs of geological hazard specifically
landslides and sinkholes. It is time to interpret geohazard maps and give practical ways to mitigate loss of
lives and properties.

Activity Card

ACTIVITY 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS

Instruction: Look at the figure. Answer the
following questions in your notebook.

Questions
1. What makes the map different from the
usual map that you have seen?

2. What do you think do these colors

represent?
3. What do you call this kind of map?

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1-Poverty-and-Hazard-Map-
Adapted-from-Philippine-Development-Plan_fig1_301769872

Discussion of the Activity 1

A geological hazard map is a map indicating the areas that are vulnerable to hazards caused by
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. It is a tool used by scientists and local government
authorities to anticipate any hazard that a geological event may bring. It also helps the public be informed
and prepared for the geological hazard.

How do you read a geological hazard map?

You must take note of the following elements in studying the geological hazard map:
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Map Title
 The map title indicates what type of information is being presented by the map. For example, the
title “tsunami-prone areas” indicates that the map presents the places along the coastal areas that
are prone to tsunami hazards.
Symbols and Legend
 Symbols are the points, lines, shapes, and colors used on the map. For example, a line may indicate
faults or tsunamis while a triangular shape may represent a volcano.
 The legend tells you specifically what these symbols mean.
 Source -Make sure that the source of your map is a credible institution.
 Hazard maps are produced by government agencies like PhiVolcS (Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology), DOST (Department of Science and Technology), and DENR
(Department of Environment and Natural Resources).
 Private research institutes like the Manila Observatory also generate maps. With the use of the
Internet, these maps can be viewed online on their websites.
Geological hazard maps of the Philippines include maps that present the earthquake-prone areas, tsunami-
prone areas, distribution of volcanoes, and earthquake-induced shallow landslides.

ACTIVITY 2: JUMBLED LETTERS

Instruction: Arrange the jumbled letter to form the correct words associated with mitigation strategies.
Write your answers in your notebook.

1. C P C E A A E N T C
2. C S R E R E E N T N A F
3. O N I I L M T A T I
4. C L E E I I N E S R
5. T O T I G N A I M I

Discussion of the Activity 2

Prevention and mitigation strategies should be based on the risk assessment and can be considered in
relation to:
● land use planning and building codes
● essential infrastructure
● structural works
● landscape and environment

Examples of mitigation strategies include:

● hazard specific control activities such as flood levees or bushfire mitigation strategies
● design improvements to infrastructure or services
● land use planning and design decisions that avoid developments and community infrastructure in
areas prone to hazards
● community awareness campaigns to increase knowledge of how to prepare for disaster events
● community education programs to build knowledge of the appropriate actions to prepare for and
respond to a disaster event
● capital works such as levee bank construction to reduce the impacts of flooding
● resilience activities including partnership building and engagement between sectors
● annual programs (e.g. vegetation management around essential services and essential
infrastructure such as power lines)

The concept of betterment, often considered predominantly within post-disaster recovery and
reconstruction, should also form a key consideration pre-disaster through proactive mitigation strategies
which aim to enhance and harden infrastructure to a more disaster resilient standard.

The four types of risk mitigating strategies include

1. risk avoidance
2. acceptance
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 3. transference
4. limitation

In general, risks should be avoided that involve a high probability impact for both financial loss and
damage.

Enrichment Card

GUIDED ACTIVITY 1: WHAT’S THE MEANING OF THIS?

Instruction: Based on the figure given below, answer the corresponding question in your notebook.

Questions
1. Which area of Quezon City Quadrangle is/are highly susceptible to landslides?
2. Which area of Quezon City Quadrangle is/are least susceptible to landslides?
3. What does the color green in the map indicate?
4. What does the color purple in the map indicate?
5. What can you conclude with the given geohazard map of Quezon City Quadrangle?

Discussion of the Guided Activity 1

Interpreting geohazard maps is essential for the data are necessary to come up with interpretations
that will help in solving certain geologic problems in the country.
The Philippines ranks among the world’s most disaster-prone countries. It is highly prone to
natural disasters, particularly typhoons, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis,
lying as it does in the typhoon belt, in the active volcanic region known as the “Pacific Ring of Fire,” and
in the geologically unstable region between the Pacific and Eurasian tectonic plates.
Aside from the natural disasters that reap an especially heavy human toll each year, thousands are
also displaced by human-made disasters like armed conflict and development aggression. The intensifying
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effect of climate change also aggravates the already burdened citizens with the worsening economic
instability worldwide (CDRC, 2014)
The Philippine government has made geo-hazard maps, which outline areas prone to natural
disasters, publicly available in a bid to reduce at community level.
The geo-hazard map developed by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau of the Department of the
Environment and Natural Resources (MGB-DENR) uses colour to classify areas as either low, moderately
or highly susceptible to floods, flash floods and landslides. Some areas are marked as being prone to
riverbank erosion. These codes are superimposed on the topographic map of the Philippines.

GUIDED ACTIVITY 2: YES OR NO?

Instruction: Write YES if the statement is a mitigation strategy to prevent loss of lives and properties and
NO if it is not. Write your answers in your note book.

___________ 1. Stay away from the path of landslide debris, or seek refuge behind a sturdy tree or
boulder.
___________ 2. Run quickly down the slope.
___________ 3. Examine thoroughly the damaged parts and utilities of the house before re-occupying it.
___________ 4. Evacuate only if the landslide had already occurred.
___________ 5. Drills are unnecessary as landslides are unexpected to happen.
___________ 6. Help develop family preparedness and evacuation plan.
___________ 7. Stay in the house when rumbling sound are heard from upstream or the trembling of the
ground is felt, indicating a possible mudflow.
___________ 8. Participate in planting grasses to cover slopes or in building riprap to prevent soil erosion.
___________ 9. Maintain a list of contact numbers during emergencies.
___________ 10. Immediately check out your house once landslide is over.

Discussion of the Guided Activity 2

Mitigation Strategies to Prevent Loss of Lives and Properties in Case of Landslide

What to do before a landslide

1. It is good to secure clearance from the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) on status of possible
landslides.
2. Help prepare the members of the family for evacuation upon the direction of proper authorities.
3. Maintain a list of contact numbers during emergencies.
4. Participate in planting grasses to cover slopes or in building riprap to prevent soil erosion.
5. Participate in regular drills on evacuation procedures.
6. Help promote public awareness and involvement on landslide mitigation.
7. Help develop family preparedness and evacuation plan.

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What to do during a landslide
1. Evacuate immediately if warned of an impending landslide or mudflow.
2. Stay away from the path of landslide debris, or seek refuge behind a sturdy tree or boulder.
3. Get out of house as soon as possible when rumbling sound are heard from upstream or the trembling
of the ground is felt, indicating a possible mudflow.
4. Run across a slope, not downwards.

What to do after a landslide

1. Examine thoroughly the damaged parts and utilities of the house before re-occupying it.
2. Stay away from the landslide area. There may be danger of additional landslides.
3. Help check with caution injured and trapped persons within the landslide area and direct rescuers
to their locations.
4. Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.
5. Help in seeking the advice of a geotechnical expert to evaluate landslide hazards or design corrective
measures to reduce landslide risk.

Reflection Card

Answer in your notebook.

In 50-100 words, describe what today’s lesson was about.

Choose two key terms from today’s lesson and define them:
TERM DEFINITION
1.

2.

What was the easiest part of today’s lesson?

What was the hardest part of today’s lesson?

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 Assessment Card

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the answers in your notebook.

1. Which of the following are the points, lines, shapes, and colors used in the map?
A. Legends B. Sources C. Symbols D. Titles

2. It indicates what type of information is being presented by the map.

A. Legends B. Sources C. Symbols D. Titles

3. What does color red mean in a geohazard map?

A. Low susceptibility B. High susceptibility
B. Moderate susceptibility D. Safe from landslide

4. Which of the following is true about the red dots? (Refer to Earthquake-Prone Areas)
A. The biggest red dot indicates that the area was hit by a strong earthquake.
B. The smallest red dot indicates that the area was not hit by an earthquake.
C. The smallest red dot indicates that the area was hit by few earthquakes.
D. The biggest red dot indicates that the area was not hit by an earthquake.

5. What is a geologic hazard map?

A. A map that shows the potential mining areas in a different regions of the country
B. A map that shows the areas prone to hazards brought by geological events
C. A map that shows the number of geologists based on specific areas
D. A map that shows the geographic features of an area

BEFORE, DURING or AFTER. Write your answers in your notebook.

__________________ 6. Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.
__________________ 7. Help develop family preparedness and evacuation plan.
__________________ 8. Participate in regular drills on evacuation procedures.
__________________ 9. Run across a slope, not downwards.
__________________ 10. Help check with caution injured and trapped persons within the landslide area
and direct rescuers to their locations.

__________________ 11. Stay away from the path of landslide debris, or seek refuge behind a sturdy tree
or boulder.

__________________ 12. Stay away from the landslide area. There may be danger of additional
landslides.
__________________ 13. Help promote public awareness and involvement on landslide mitigation.
__________________ 14. Maintain a list of contact numbers during emergencies.
__________________ 15. Evacuate immediately if warned of an impending landslide or mudflow.

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 Reference Card
 Commission on Higher Education. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School. Disaster
Readiness and Risk Reduction. Philippines: Commission on Higher Education
 Department of Education. (2008). Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual. Philippines:
Department of Education and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Philippines.
 Foreclosure Philippines. (2013, October 23). Check Geohazard Maps For Flooding And
Landslide-Prone Areas Before Investing in Real Estate. Retrieved from
https://www.foreclosurephilippines.com/check-geohazard-maps-before-investing-in-real-estate/
 Landslide Types and Processes. (2016, November 29). Retrieved from
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3072/fs-2004-3072.html
 Quebral, V. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School. Philippines:
Lorimar Publishing Inc.
 Randazzo, A. (2015, October 15). Are there different type of sinkholes? Retrieved from
http://www.geohazardsinc.com/are-there-different-types-of-sinkholes/
 Rimando, R. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Philippines: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Answer Card
5. MITIGATION
3. This is called geohazard map.
4. RESILIENCE
of the areas to different hazards.
3. LIMITATION
2. These colors represent the susceptibility
5. D
4. A 2. TRANSFERENCE
colors.
3. D 1. The map is projected with different 1. ACCEPTANCE
2. C
1. B Acitvity 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS Acitvity 2: JUMBLED LETTER
PRE-TEST ACTIVITY CARD ACTIVITY CARD

most susceptible part of the map.

5. The northeast part of the Quezon City Quadrangle is the 10. NO 5. NO
4. High susceptibility to flooding 9. YES 4. NO
3. Moderate susceptibility to landslide 8. YES 3. YES
2. Morong, Teresa and Quezon City 7. NO 2. NO
1. Rodriguez and San Mateo 6. YES 1. YES
Guided Acitvity 1: What’s the Meaning of This? Guided Acitvity 3: Yes or No
ENRICHMENT CARD ENRICHMENT CARD

8. BEFORE
15. DURING 7. BEFORE
14. BEFORE 6. AFTER
13. BEFORE 5. B
12. AFTER 4. A
11. DURING 3. B
10. AFTER 2. D
9. DURING 1. C
ASSESSMENT CARD