Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PR Reviewer
PR Reviewer
Animal Care
- Show proper respect and care for STREGHTS
animals when using them in research. Data can provide depth and detail
Do not conduct unnecessary or
poorly designed animal experiments. - Can yield explanations about a
phenomenon and reveal facts that are
Human Subjects Protection not so evident
- When conducting research in human
subjects, minimize harms, and risks
and maximize benefits; Respect Can highlight complexities and subtleties
human dignity, privacy, and about the research participants, setting, and
autonomy; take special precautions phenomenon under study.
with vulnerable populations; and
strive to distribute the benefits and
burdens or research fairly. Flexibility
- The researcher can adapt the
direction, framework, and methods
of the study to unveil these better an
provide a more comprehensive view
of the situation or reality.
WEAKNESSES
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Hard to Generalize
Quantitative Research
- Since data are often collected from a
view individuals or cases, it is hard to - This type of methodology
generalize the findings of the investigates a social phenomenon
research or to say that the findings of using the tools of statistics and
the study are applicable to a larger mathematics.
population. - Uses quantifiable measurements
gathered through survey
Time Consuming questionnaires, polls, etc. through
- Going the field, collecting data by statistics to draw conclusions.
interviewing several participants, Qualitative Research
and observing them in their actual
setting can take time. - This type of methodology
- Processing and analyzing these data emphasizes looking into meanings,
can also prove to be challenging and perspectives, experiences, and
maybe hard to show in visual processes that are not easily
representations. quantifiable.
- Topics are often explored through
Researcher’s skills play a key role fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and
- the researcher’s skills play a role in observation.
the quality of the research output. If DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALI AND
the researcher is inexperienced in QUANTI
entering the field, building rapport
with research participants, and QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
asking good questions, then the data Reports statistical Reports rich
collection process may yield limited analysis on social narrative and
data. phenomenon and individual
other fields of interpretation into
POSSIBLE TOPICS FOR QUALITATIVE science the meanings,
RESEARCH perspectives,
experiences, and
- Practices processes that are
- Episodes
- Encounters
not easily RESEARCH DESIGNS
quantifiable.
Data is gathered Data are explored Are types of inquiry within qualitative
through surveys through fieldwork, research method that provide specific
questionnaires, in-depth interview direction for procedures in a research study.
polls, etc. and observation. Is sometimes referred as research approach
Preference for Preference for
• ETHNOGRAPHY
random sampling expert informant
for obtaining samples - Is a research design to learn about a
meaningful samples culture form people who live in that
Researcher is Researcher is part culture
separate of the process - Derived from anthropology – is a
Positivism Interpretivism study of human races, origins,
societies, and culture
- PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
FORMULATING A RESEARCH -Intensive Interaction
Rules in choosing a topic -The researchers joins the group that
they are studying in their
1. Interest environment and participate.
2. Availability of the information -Emic (Insider)
3. Timeliness and relevance of the topic -Etic (Outsider)
4. Limitations on the subject
5. Personal Resources
Research title
1. Is the most important element that
defines the research problem.
2. It contains the least words to
describe the content and purpose.
• PHENOMENOLOGY
Components of a Research Title - Explores the world of the
1. Subject Matter – The topic that the participants by gaining thoughts to a
researchers will talk about particular phenomenon
2. Locale – The place where research - CONCEPTS ON
will happen PHENOMENOLOGICAL
3. Population – The people/ APPROACH
Participants involved in the study 1.Purpose – To gain thoughts about
4. Period – The duration on how long a phenomena.
the study will happen 2.Analysis – Analysis of lived
5. Purpose – The created/ Innovated experiences
intervention. 3.Outcome – Commonality of the
experience.
4.Method – Interviews, Fieldworks,
and observation.
- Sample: Bullying and its causes. 2. Biography – Researchers narrate
the experiences of another person.
• NARRATIVE RESEARCH
- Description of life experiences of an
individual told to the researcher.
The start and end of your research - Specific meaning of a word or phrase
given to it by the group of people who
• Scope used the word in their specific context
- the coverage of the research to
be explored which includes
the facts and theories about
the subject
- Information/subject matter to
be analyzed