Literature review workshop

for CPR group in CGMH ED

Kuan-Fu Chen!!
February 12, 2011
Outline
Databases
Difference btw Pubmed vs. Ovid MEDLINE
MeSH heading
Text word searching
Search process
Tips for Pubmed & Ovid MEDLINE
Trouble-shooting
Examples
Endnote
Databases
•" Pubmed
•" Ovid MEDLINE
•" UpToDate
•" Cochrane library
•" MDConsult
•" EMBASE
•" Google scholar
Difference btw
Pubmed vs. Ovid MEDLINE
Use PubMed
If you want to learn a MEDLINE interface that will be always available to you, even if
you leave CGMH.
If you are off-campus and having connection issues.
When you want quick results with strategies automatically created for you.
When you are looking for extremely recent citations.
When you also want to search for genetics and molecular biology information.
Use Ovid MEDLINE
To be guided through selections for a precise search based on Medical Subject
Headings, subheadings, and limits.
To build a search strategy in steps and by trying multiple combinations.
Difference btw
Pubmed vs. Ovid MEDLINE
MeSH heading
Medical Subject Headings
Maintained by National Library of Medicine (NLM)
Subheadings: tree or mapping
Pubmed: [Subheading]
MEDLINE: /su[ ]
If no picked, all selected
MeSH heading
Strength of MeSH
Secondary topic pre-linked to a MeSH term by an indexer
Standardization
Aortic rupture vs. Ruptured aorta vs. Rupture of the thoracic aorta
Focus/major topic
Subheadings
Explode
Find MeSH below in the “tree”
Difference between Pubmed vs. Ovid MEDLINE
MeSH heading

Limitation
Not for all
Not for recent citations
Not every word in abstract
New MeSH not retroactive
Text word searching
Helpful if no MeSH term, and to supplement MeSH
Strength
Instant index
Up-to-date terminology
Every word in abstract searchable
Challenge
Easy to miss information
Different words for same topic
Can’t use Explode, Focus, or Subheadings
Text word searching
Searching for variations
Truncation character (*): Sep*
Synonyms: Sepsis, bacteremia
British spellings: Baecteremia
Break up phrases
Septic shock → sep* AND shock ($ = * # ? or #)
Search MeSH as major topic (focus) then scan results to see variation in titles
Display MeSH scope note
Pubmed: Entry Terms
Ovid MEDLINE: [i] in mapping or tree display; look for “used for” list
Search process (1/4)
Analyze the question
Identify critical topics, keeping only essential ones (fewest possible)
Search each topic separately
Most important topic first
Create separate result sets for MeSH and for text words
Why? Different thought processes:
MeSH
Use mapping; check Tree display to decide whether to explode
Make major topic (focus) decision
Check Subheadings for exact match to search topic.
Search process (2/4)
Create separate result sets for MeSH and for text words (con’t)
Text words
Type synonyms,
Use truncation character,
Different spellings, spacings, etc.
Combine word variations using OR
(RU486 or RU 486 or RU-486).
Be sure topics in text word search match topics in MeSH search.
If MeSH is major topic, search text words in title only (major point).
Search process (3/4)
Combine set numbers
Use OR to combine words or set numbers expressing the
SAME TOPIC.! Computer merges results and eliminates
duplicates.
Use AND to combine words or set numbers expressing
DIFFERENT topics Computer finds citations with both topics
(or all, if >2)
Use parentheses to avoid logic errors
PubMed: (#6 OR #9) AND (#12 OR #15)!Ovid: 1 and (5 OR 8)
Search process (4/4)
Too many irrelevant citations? -- Make one or more topics a major point
(focus).
LIMIT to target large search results better:
Review articles
Core Clinical Journals – NEJM, JAMA, and other frequently-used journals
Valid clinical evidence limits: Publication Type = Randomized Controlled Trial
or Meta Analysis, Clinical Queries, Subject Subset = Systematic Review
Search all MeSH and text word variations that match your topics.
Look at MeSH Headings assigned to the best results.
If see another good MeSH, add it to your search.
Tips-Ovid medline
Don’t forget to click the Advanced Ovid Search tab
Typing AND or OR turns off mapping, even if “Map
Term” box checked.
Select ONLY ONE MeSH from Mapping list/Tree display,
or Subheadings list will be skipped.
Check Explode box to add narrower (indented) MeSH.
Check Tree display before
exploding, so you know which MeSH will be added.
Tips-Ovid medline

Text word search

Type synonyms & word variations in search box, combined with OR.
E.g. autops* or post-mortem* or postmortem*
Typing “or” bypasses mapping and performs a “Multi-
Purpose” (.mp.) search (title, abstract, etc.)
To search as major topic, click TITLE button before clicking [Search].
If Ovid “Can not map”, temporarily un-check “Map to MeSH” box, OR
type a field qualifier after the word: .mp. or .ti.
Tips-Ovid medline
Too many irrelevant citations?
Focus a previous MeSH set by typing an asterisk followed by the set
number – e.g. *2
Convert a previous .mp. result to title search. Type set number with
”.ti.” – e.g." 5.ti.
Combine again using new set numbers.
Full text: 1st try “Ovid Full Text” links. If none appears, click Get It for
other Drexel full text options. Beware: “Limit to full text” options miss
much Drexel full text.
LOGOFF from OVID to release the session and permit others to log in.
Tips-Pubmed
Default /basic search (quick & dirty)
PubMed maps multiple topics to MeSH Headings,
but not reliably (see Details to confirm).
MeSH Headings are automatically exploded, by
default.
Text words are searched as well as MeSH, but
without anticipating word variations.
No “major topic” search option.
Tips-Pubmed
MeSH Database - Better mapping to MeSH, Major Topic option.
Full display shows Subheadings, “major topic” & “no explode” options,
Tree display, etc.
Avoid picking a Subheading unless it exactly matches a critical topic
If no Subheading is checked, PubMed searches all Subheadings by
default
Do Not Explode option – avoids adding indented (more specific) MeSH.
At least one box must be checked before clicking [Send to] Search Box
Click [Search PubMed] (below search box) to perform the search and
exit MeSH Database.
Tips-Pubmed
For each topic return to MeSH Database to map to MeSH.
Add text words using PubMed’s default/basic search.
Default search retrieves from all parts
(“fields”) of a citation, including text words.
Asterisk (truncation character) prevents mapping to
MeSH, so use it only for text word search.
To search in title only, type [ti] following each word.
! e.g.! aort*[ti] AND ruptur*[ti]
Tips-Pubmed
To combine results (set numbers), click Advanced Search to see set numbers.
Results are in reverse chronologic order -- latest search result at the top.
Set numbers may be missing. They appear in MeSH Database instead of
PubMed.
Capitalize AND and OR, and include the pound symbol (#) with set
number.
Valid clinical evidence: In addition to limits mentioned above under Search
Process,
For systematic reviews, combine final set AND systematic[sb].
Quick & dirty method: Use “Clinical Queries” option; type a simple query.
Tips-Pubmed

Links to full text

Get It Drexel Fulltext links appear only if you use a
PubMed link on a Library web page.
Get It links reveal Drexel online availability." “Limit to
full text” misses much Drexel full text.
Trouble-shooting
RESULTS TOO LARGE?
Was logic correct?
Search MESH Headings as Major topic (Focus).
Instead of text words (title, abstract, etc.), search only title words:
OVID: topic*.ti.! PubMed topic*[ti]
LIMIT to Review articles, recent years, etc.
Limit to Core Clinical Journals (OVID limit; PubMed Subset limit)
Select one or two subheadings, instead of all.
Don’t explode MeSH; just search the broad term.
Add another topic using AND.
Trouble-shooting
RESULTS TOO SMALL?
Was logic correct?
Can unnecessary topics be removed, leaving only the most critical ones?
Use Scope Notes to find other MeSH Headings and synonyms for text word
search.
Display MeSH Headings of known, highly-relevant articles, and look for other
MeSH Headings that had not occurred to you. Add them to the search.
EXPLODE to include more specific MeSH headings
Search ALL Subheadings (don’t select any)
Don’t search MeSH as Major Topic (Focus)
Trouble-shooting
Search text words (title, abstract, etc.) in addition to MESH.
Instead of searching words in titles only, search title, abstract, etc..
Think of word variations when searching title/abstract words:
Synonyms:! vitamin C vs. ascorbic acid! kidney failure vs. renal failure
Different word endings using truncation character:
E.g.!diaphragm*! Retrieves diaphragm, diaphragmatic, diaphragms
Break up phrases (elder abuse vs. abus* and elder*)
Anticipate different spacings and British spellings. E.g. rollerblad* vs. roller blad*
! Esophag: vs. oesophag:
For drugs/chemicals, add Registry Number (substance name) to MESH and title/abstract
words.
Check for spelling errors
Examples
Boolean logic: Use () OR (() AND () OR)
Keywords From the literature
Ing01 Searching for Clinical Prediction Rules in MEDLINE (Pubmed)
Used most sensitive one
"predict$ OR clinical$ OR outcome$ OR risk$"
Example of using MeSH terms
"predict$ OR clinical$ OR outcome$ OR risk$" AND "Sepsis"
Yield: 70 articles (8 reviews)
(predict$[All Fields] AND clinical$[All Fields] AND outcome$[All Fields] AND
("risk"[MeSH Terms] OR "risk"[All Fields])) AND ("Sepsis$"[All Fields] OR
"sepsis"[MeSH Terms])
Yield: 28 more (2 more review)
Examples
Pubmed VS. MEDLINE
Won03 Developing Optimal Search Strategies for Detecting Sound Clinical
Prediction Studies in MEDLINE
Pubmed:
(Predict$ OR Validat$ OR Rule$ OR Predictive Value of Tests) AND
("Sepsis$"[All Fields] OR "sepsis"[MeSH Terms])
Yield 2678 (241 review)
Ovid MEDLINE
(Predict$ OR Validat$ OR Rule$ OR Predictive Value of Tests) AND
sepsis
Yield 4433 results
Examples
Pubmed VS. MEDLINE
Won03 Developing Optimal Search Strategies for Detecting Sound Clinical Prediction
Studies in MEDLINE (con’t)
Ovid MEDLINE
(Predict$ OR Validat$ OR Rule$ OR Predictive Value of Tests) AND *sepsis/
*<subject heading> command to focus a known subject heading
* search term / = MeSH (Major topic)
Yield 1410 results
(Predict$ OR Validat$ OR Rule$ OR Predictive Value of Tests).ti.
sepsis.ti.
4 and 5
Yield 269
Examples
Pubmed website:
Clinical query website: Search by Clinical prediction guides (narrow)
(sepsis) AND (validation[tiab] OR validate[tiab])
432 (46 review)
EMBASE Example
Hol05 Optimal search strategies for identifying sound clinical prediction studies in
EMBASE.
Manually: valid$OR$index$OR model/exp OR model
(valid$OR$index$OR model/exp OR model) AND (sepsis/exp OR sepsis)
AND$'human'/de
7393 results…
Endnote
Manage bibliographies
Import Pubmed/Ovid MEDLINE result
Import/find full text PDF
Cite while you write (CWYW)
Real-time update latest publication
CGMH Endnote manual