Mrs.

Mai Linh Phone: 0943361466

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

Loạ Công thức Cách sử dụng

i

0 If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh  Điều kiện diễn tả thói quen, sự thật
hiển nhiên
If you see him, tell him meet me at my
office.

1 If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall…… +  Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại ở

V tương lai

 - Ví dụ: If the weather is nice, I will go

swimming tomorrow.

2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/  Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại
Should…+ V

(tobe: were)

 - Ví dụ: If I were you, I would follow her

advice.

3 If + S + Had + V(pp)/Ved, S + would/  Điều kiện không có thật trong quá

could…+ have + V(pp)/Ved khứ

 - Ví dụ: If I had studied the lessons, I could

have answered the questions.
 

4 If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + V - Loại 2 + 3:

 - Ví dụ: If she hadn't stayed up late last

If S + Ved, S + would have VII
night, she wouldn't be so tired now.
If I were you, I would have learnt for

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Mrs. Mai Linh Phone: 0943361466

the exam.

- Loại 3 + 2:

If S + had VII, S + would V

If I went to bed early last night, I

wouldn’t fall asleep right now. 

Lưu ý: Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chổ cho nhau được: nếu mệnh đề chính
đứng trước thì giữa hai mệnh đề không cần dấu phẩy, ngược lại thì phải có dấu phẩy ở giữa.

II. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện

1. Câu Điều Kiện Diễn Tả Thói Quen Hoặc Một Sự Thật Hiển Nhiên (Câu điều kiện
loại 0) 

Câu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện
được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra. 
Cấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại)
 
If + Mệnh đề 1 (thì hiện tại đơn giản), Mệnh đề 2 (thì hiện tại đơn giản) => Khi muốn
nhắn nhủ ai đó:
 Ví dụ : If you see Nam, you tell him I’m in Vietnam
If + Mệnh đề 1 (thì hiện tại đơn giản), Mệnh đề 2 (mệnh lệnh thức) => Dùng khi muốn
nhấn mạnh
 Ví dụ: If you have any trouble, please telephone me though 115 

Nếu diễn tả thói quen, trong mệnh đề chính thường xuất hiện thêm: often, usually, or
always. Ví dụ:
 If water is frozen, it expands.
 I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

2. Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp:

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là mix của các loại câu điều kiện với nhau, ví dụ một số trường hợp
được sử dụng trong giao tiếp và ngôn ngữ viết:
If she hadn't stayed up late last night, she wouldn't be so tired now.
⇒ Thường có trạng từ đi theo (loại 3+ loại 2: giả thiết trái ngược với quá khứ, nhưng kết
quả thì trái ngược với hiện tại)
If I were you, I would have learned English earlier.
⇒  (loại 2 + loại 3: giả thiết trái ngược với hiện tại nhưng kết quả trái ngược với quá
khứ)

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Mrs. Mai Linh Phone: 0943361466
3. Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo:
 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo
Ví dụ: Should I meet him tomorrow, I will give him this letter = If I meet him tomorrow, I
will give him this letter
 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo
Ví dụ: Were I you, I would buy this house = If I were you, I would buy this house.
If I went = Were I to go,
 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved
Ví dụ: Had he driven carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened. = If he had driven
carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened.

4. Những trường hợp khác trong câu điều kiện:

a. Unless = If...not (Trừ phi, nếu...không)
Ví dụ:  If you don't study hard, you can't pass the exam. = Unless you work hard, you can't
pass the exam.
b. Cụm  Từ đồng nghĩa: Suppose / Supposing (giả sử như), in case (trong trường hợp), even
if (ngay cả khi, cho dù), as long as, so long as, provided (that), on condition (that) (miễn là,
với điều kiện là) có thể thay cho if trong câu điều kiện
Ví dụ: Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then?
c. Without: không có+ Noun
Ví dụ  Without water, life wouldn't exist.
= If there were no water, life wouldn't exist.

III. Bài tập:

EXERCISE 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1. If I see him, I (give) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly.
5. If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. He could get a job easily if he (have) a degree.
8. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
9. If he (study) hard, he can pass the exam.
10. If she had asked you, you (accept)?
11. Rice plants (grow) well if there is enough rain.
12. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.
13. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?
14. If she (not hurry), she may be late.
15. If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded.
16. Water (not run) downhill if there were not gravity.
17. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
18. Tell him to ring me if you (see) him.
19. The police (arrest) him if they catch him.
20. If you (speak) more slowly, he might have understood you.

| AMES ENGLISH THUY 3

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Mrs. Mai Linh Phone: 0943361466
Exercise 2. Use UNLESS instead of IF.
1. If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.

2. If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another.

3. I’ll not be able to do any work if I do not have a quiet room.

4. If she does not hurry, she’ll be late.

5. If we had more rain, our crops would be better.

6. The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher.

7. If you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.

8. If she did her hair differently, she would look quite nice.

9. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.

10. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.

EXERCISE 3 :
Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau:
6.       If I had free time, I         __________some shopping with you.
          A. did                             B. will do             C. would do         D. would have done
7.       If you_________English well, you will communicate with foreigners.
          A. speak               B. had spoken      C. speaks             D. spoke
8.       If he had known her telephone number, he________her.
          A. had rung                                       B. would have rung
          C. would ring                          D. will ring
9.       Unless she__________, she will be late for school.
          A. hurried             B. hurries             C. will hurry         D. is hurrying
10.     I would have given him this present, if I__________him.
          A. had meet                   B. had met            C. meet                 D. met
11.     I would have visited you if I_________busy with my homework.
          A. hadn't              B. hadn't been      C. wouldn't be      D. wasn't
12.     If you had caught the bus, you__________late for work.
          A. wouldn't have been                      B. would have been
          C. wouldn't be                                   D. would be
13.     Will you be angry if I__________ your pocket dictionary?
          A. stole                                             B. have stolen
          C. were to steal                                 D. steal
14.     If__________as I told her, she would have succeeded.
          A. she has done                       B. she had done
          C. she does                              D. she did

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Mrs. Mai Linh Phone: 0943361466
 15.    If the wall weren’t so high, I__________it up to take my ball down.
          A. climbed                               B. could climb
          C. is climbing                          D. climb
16.     If he__________the truth, the police wouldn't arrest him.
          A. tells                  B. told                  C. had told           D. would tell
17.     If you press that button, what_________?
          A. would happen                     B. would have happened
          C. will happen                         D. happen
18.     Would you mind if I__________ the windows?
          A. open                B. opening            C. opened             D. would open
19.     If they__________ me to their wedding party, I wouldn’t refuse.
          A. had invited                          B. invited
          C. invite                                   D would have invited
20.     If I were you, I_________ this job.
          A. accept                                           B. will accept      
          C. would have accepted                              D. would accept
21.     If my mother ________ me up, I will catch the bus.
          A. doesn't pick               B. didn’t take
          C. not pick                     D. hadn’t picked
22.     If John had played for our football team, we________the match.
          A. would win                           B. will win
          C. win                                      D. would have won
23.     If the weather is nice, I ________for a walk.
          A. will go                                 B. go
          C. would go                                      D. would have gone
24.     If you had tried your best, you__________the final exam.
          A. wouldn't fail                       B. wouldn't have failed
          C. won't fail                                      D. hadn't failed
25.     If she had money, she__________that house.
          A. would have bought             B. could buy
          C. will buy                               D. had bought
26.     If I had a map, I________.
          A. can get lost                         B. won't get lost
          C. wouldn't have got lost                  D. wouldn't get lost
27.     I would not have read your diary if you________it in such an obvious
place.
          A. didn't hide       B. hadn't hid        C. hadn't hidden   D. not hid
28.     The problems would be solved if the government ________some measures.
          A. takes                B. took                 C. had taken         D. would take
29.     I will help you if you________my secret.
          A. kept                 B. will keep                    C. keep                 D. would keep
30.     ________, the accident would not have happened yesterday.
          A. If Nam drives more carefully
          B. If had Nam driven more carefully
          C. Had Nam driven more carefully
          D. Unless Nam had driven more carefully
31.     I'd give up my job if I________a big prize in a lottery.
          A. win                  B. won                 C. had won                    D. would won
32.     I'll help you if__________________.

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Mrs. Mai Linh Phone: 0943361466
          A. you told me the truth                             B. you tell me the truth
          C.you will tell me the truth                         D. you have told me the truth
 
EXERCISE 4: Chia dạng đúng trong ngoặc
1. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _had________________a long ladder.
2. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) ____will go_____________mad.
3. If you were made redundant, what you (do) ________would you do_________?
4. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) ____run_____________out of petrol here.
5. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _____won’t be____________ fit to drink.
6. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _____could
understand____________ you.
7. I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) _________comes________with me.
8. You (not have) ___wouldn’t have______________ so many accidents if you drove
more slowly.
9. If you (wear) __had worn_______________ a false beard, nobody would have
recognized you.
10. If she (leave) ___leaves______________ the fish here, the cat will eat it.

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