BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

NCMB 312 – CARE OF CLIENTS WITH PROBLEMS IN OXYGENATION, FLUID & ELECTROLYTES,
INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY & IMMUNOLOGIC PERIOPERATIVE CARE AND CELLULAR ABBERATIONS
COURSE MODULE COURSE UNIT WEEK

2 15 10
MENINGITIS, POLIOMYELITIS and HEPATITIS A

✓ Read course and unit objectives

✓ Read study guide prior to class attendance
✓ Read required learning resources and refer to unit terminologies for jargons
✓ Proactively participates in chat room discussions
✓ Participate in weekly discussion
✓ Answer and submit course unit tasks

✓ Module, Reference Books, Laptop, Internet, Headset

At the end of the course unit, learners will be able to:

Cognitive:
1. Define immunology in relation to the study of communicable disease nursing.
2. Apply the concepts of immunity in the practice of communicable disease.
 3. Integrate the application of expanded program on immunization in the practice of nursing
profession holistically and competently.
.
Affective:
1. Listen attentively during class discussions
2. Demonstrate tact and respect when challenging other people’s opinions and ideas
3. Accept comments and reactions of classmates on one’s opinions openly and
graciously.
4. Develop heightened interest in studying Communicable Disease Nursing

Psychomotor:
1. Participate actively during class discussions and group activities
2. Express opinion and thoughts during class

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
• Disease caused by an infectious agent that are transmitted directly or indirectly to a well
person through an agency, vector, or inanimate object
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE
• Disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another INFECTIOUS DISEASE
• Disease transmitted by direct inoculation through a break in the skin
INFECTION
• Entry and multiplication of an infectious agent into the tissue of the host
INFESTATION
• Lodgement and development of arthropods on the surface of the body
ASEPSIS
• Absence of disease – producing microorganisms
SEPSIS - The presence of infection
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
• Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
• Clean technique
SURGICAL ASEPSIS
• Practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms
• Sterile technique
CARRIER – an individual who harbors the organism and can transmit it without showing
manifestations of the disease
CASE – a person who is infected and manifesting the signs and symptoms of the disease
SUSPECT – a person whose medical history and signs and symptoms suggest that such person
is suffering from that disease
CONTACT – any person who had been in close association with an infected person
HOST
• A person, animal or plant which harbors and provides nourishment for a parasite
RESERVOIR
• Natural habitat for the growth, multiplication, and reproduction of microorganism
ISOLATION
• The separation of persons with communicable diseases from other persons
QUARANTINE
• The limitation of the freedom of movement of persons exposed to communicable diseases
STERILIZATION – the process by which all microorganisms including their spores are destroyed
DISINFECTION – the process by which pathogens but not their spores are destroyed from
inanimate objects
CLEANING – the physical removal of visible dirt and debris by washing contaminated surfaces
CONCURRENT- Done immediately after the discharge of infectious materials /

Meningitis
• inflammation of the meninges (covering of the brain and spinal cord)
Causative Agent
• Neisseria meningitides Cytomegalovirus
• Cryptococcal meningitis Staphylococcal meningitis - H. influenzae
Mode of Transmission
• Droplet infection (Direct)
Incubation Period
• 2-10 days
Sign and symptoms
1. Fever
2. Sore throat 3. headache
3. cough and colds
4. Body malaise
5. (+) kernig sign
6. (+) Brudzinski sign
Diagnostic Examination
1. Lumbar Puncture
2. Blood Culture
Drugs
a. Corticosteroid – Dexamethasone or Solu-cortef
b. Mannitol
c. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Poliomyelitis
• is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus
Causative Agent
• Legio debilitans
Mode of Transmission
• Droplet infection
• Portal of entry: Respiratory System by the nasopharynx
• Fecal-Oral route
Incubation Period
• Most poliovirus infections cause asymptomatic viral replication that is limited to the
alimentary tract. However, following an incubation period of approximately 7–10 days
(range, 4–35 days), about 24% of those infected develop clinical signs such as fever,
headache and sore throat (considered a minor illness)
Sign and symptoms
1. Severe muscle pain
2. Stiffness of Hamstring
3. Presence of Hoyre’s sign
4. Opisthotonus
5. Paralysis
Diagnostic Examination
1. Lumbar Puncture – (+) Pandy Test
2. EMG

Hepatitis A
• Inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV).
Causative Agent
• Hepatitis A virus (HAV).
Mode of Transmission
• Fecal-oral route; that is when an uninfected person ingests food or water that has been
contaminated with the feces of an infected person
Incubation Period
• 2 to 6 weeks
Sign and symptoms
• Fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark-colored
urine, and jaundice
Diagnostic Examination
• HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgM) antibodies
• RT-PCR to detect the hepatitis A virus RNA
Navales, Dionesia M. (2010). Handbook of Common Communicable and Infectious Disease, C
and E Publishing, Inc. QC.

Hinkle, Janice L. (2014) Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing,13th.

Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.617.0231 H59 2014, c5
Borromeo, Annabelle R. et.al. (2014). Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing: Singapore: Elsevier
Mosby. 617.0231 L58 2014, c3

Links:
www.cdc.gov www.ecdc.europa.eu
www.doh.gov.ph
http://caro.doh.gov.ph/infectious-diseases/ www.who.org
Can access to YouTube, Google and other electronic communicable disease nursing books
available