Participles

The people build schools everywhere.→ building

The people have built a new school. → having built
New schools are built everywhere. → being built (are→being)
These schools have been built. → having been built

Active Voice Passive Voice

Present building being built
Perfect having built having been built

Being a man, I shave every day.

Being a man – because I am a man.
Being young, I made a lot of mistakes.
Being young – because I was young.
The participle clause doesn’t change its form even though the meaning is in a
different tense.

Having tried the coffee… aargh, it’s disgusting … I don’t

recommend it.
Here, ‘having tried the coffee’ means, ‘because I have tried the coffee’ or
‘because I tried the coffee.’ Either present perfect or past simple.

By using ‘having’ plus a past participle we emphasise that the action has been
finished before the main verb of the main clause.

Having explained that to you, I hope you fully understand

everything.
 Summary

Using a present participle clause can give a reason for the action in the main clause,
which can be past, present or future. The time is indicated by the form of the main verb.
The participle clause doesn't change.

 Being young, I made lots of mistakes.

Because I was young I made lots of mistakes.

 Being inexperienced, he makes lots of mistakes.

Because he is inexperienced he makes lots of mistakes.

 Being the only person there, you will have to make the coffee yourself.

Because you will be the only person there you will have to make the coffee yourself.

Perfect participle (Having + past participle)

This form indicates that the action described in the participle clause happened before
the action of the main clause. The meaning can be past, past perfect or present
perfect. The time is indicated by the form of the main verb. The participle clause doesn't
change.

 Having tried the coffee, I don't recommend it.

Because I tried/have tried the coffee, I don't recommend it.

 Having discussed it with my teacher, I decided to take the exam a year early.
Because I had discussed it with my teacher I decided to take the exam a year early.
Finally, all sorts of prepositions can sit before the participle verb to further
emphasise or clarify events’ order, time, cause and effect. Words like after,
before, since, while and with. So for example:
After eating, we sat on the couch.
Since coming to England, I have met a lot of new people.
By practising every day, she passed her driving test. (Because she
practised - this describes the method)
Without knowing it, I had ruined everything. (Although I didn't know it)