1.

When Dora went / had gone to pay for the petrol she was putting / had put in
her car, she realized / was realizing that she lost / had lost her credit card.
2. While I was waiting /had waited for my meal to arrive, I saw / was seeing that
the two men who had followed me into the restaurant were staring / had been
staring at me from a nearby table.
3. When I heard / was hearing the noise at the window, I knew / had known that
someone tried / was trying to break into the house.
4. Maria didn’t remember / wasn’t remembering anything about the accident,
except tha she didn’t / had not been driving too fast and in fact had almost
stopped / was almost stopping before she reacher the crossroads.
5. By the time the fire engine arrived / was arriving at the cottage, Tom and his
neighbours already put out / had already put out the fire and were carrying /
had been carrying furniture out of the blackened building.
6. Ian McEwan is a British writer, who, according to many critics wrote / has
written some of the best novels of recent years.

3.

1. they exploit the information in a company to the full and facilitate its communication to
those who need it  communication officers
2. internal company websites only accessible by employees  intranet
3. a short written description of the aims of a business  mission statement
4. the advertising of an organization, company, or type of product so that people have a
positive opinion of it  institutional advertising
5. a company department that provides investors with information on the company's
financial performance 
6. external professionals or companies who deliver or otherwise sell another company's
products to customers 
7. an amount paid by a third party to an owner of a product or patent for the use of that
product or patent.  royalty
8. a business or business activity that two or more people or companies work on
together  strategic alliance

4.
accountable, market segment, takeover, roll-out, market niche, reprimand, impetuous,
expanding market, cement, undermine

1. likely to do something suddenly, without considering the results of your actions -

impetuos
2. an occasion when a new product or service is gradually made available to more
people after it has first been tested in a particular area – roll out
3. to express to someone your strong official disapproval of them - reprimand
4. a group of possible customers who are similar in their needs, age, education, etc –
market segment
5. an opportunity to provide a product or service that no other company provides –
market niche
6. the process of offering a product on a larger scale in an existing market or making it
available in a new market – expanding market
7. to make something such as an agreement or friendship stronger - cement
 8. to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make
something weaker, often gradually - underestimate
9. the act of getting control of a company by buying over 50 per cent of its shares – také
over
10. responsible for the effects of your actions and willing to explain or being criticised for
them - accountable

competitive advantage, product portfolio, marketing strategy, market

segmentation, customer retention, brand identity

1. In order to secure a customer retention companies will try to make their

products and services stand out from their competitors‘.
2. The company’s aggressive marketing strategy targets numerous trade fairs
around the world.
3. The CEO described industrial services as one of the three main growth drivers
for Siemens, alongside its green product portfolio and sales in emerging
markets such as China, India, Brazil and the Middle East .
4. A survey by a German car magazine showed that customers were worried that
mass market carmaker VW could damage the Porsche brand identity.
5. By market segmentation , we mean the process of defining and subdividing
a large homogeneous market into clearly identifiable segments having similar
needs, wants or characteristics.
6. The key to success is not in just competitive advantage

2.
The nature of intelligence

For many years scientist tried / have been trying to define the nature of human intelligence.
However, they were / have been unable to agree whether there is one kind of intelligence, or
several kinds. In the early 20th century, psychologist Charles Spearman came up / has come
up with the concept of „g“ or „general intelligence“. He gave / had given subjects a variety of
different tests and found / has found that the people who performed / have performed well in
the tests used / have used one part of the brain which he called / has called „g“ for all the
tests. More recently, research found / has found that this idea may well be true, as one part of
the brain (the lateral prefrontal cortex) shows increased blood flow during testing. However,
some scientists believe that intelligence is a matter of how much people learned / have
learned rather than some ability they are born with. They believe that environment also
matters.