A.

Let’s See What You Already Know (page 2)

1. (D) The midrib is the part that gives support to the blade. The other choices are simply parts of the
external structure of the leaf.

2. (C) The petiole attaches the leaf to the stem. The vein is for transport while the midrib supports the
blade. The base is simply the part found at the lower part of the leaf.

3. (D) The veins are the netlike structures found on the surface of a leaf.

4. (D) The primary function of the air spaces is to accommodate gases such as carbon dioxide and
oxygen.

5. (B) The chloroplast is where photosynthesis takes place.

6. (D) The stomata are the “nostrils” found in leaves.

7. (B) The lenticels are the “breathing” holes found on the stems.

8. (A) The basic function of the epedermis is to protect the outermost part of the plant.

9. (C) The guard cells regulate the opening of the stomata.

10. (C) The mesophyll layer is where most of the cells are provided with chloroplasts.

B. Lesson 1 Let’s Review (page 10)

1. Expanded leaf blades are more common than narrow ones.

2. Narrow leaves find it more difficult to get sunlight because they have a smaller surface area exposed
to the sun.

Let’s Review (page 11)

1. The following are some possible answers: star apple, lychee, rambutan, pomelo, orange, santan,
avocado, coconut, banana and mango.

2. Cutin is more concentrated on the upper surface than on the undersides because this part of the leaf
is more exposed to sunlight.
3.

Let’s Review (page 13)

Stomata are concentrated on the undersides of the leaves because these are less exposed to dust. Dust
might clog the stomata, preventing gases from entering and leaving the leaves. The stomata have to be
on the underside so they will not be exposed to direct sunlight which may lead to rapid loss of water in a
plant.

Let’s Think About This (page 13)

Answers will vary according to learner’s observations but their answers should be similar to these:

1. yes
2. Lenticels look like tiny elevated structures on the surface of the stem. They are usually seen as
whitish, elevated structures in mature stems.
3. Name of plants may vary according to their observations.

Let’s See What You Have Learned (page 15)

1. C

2. D

3. E

4. A

5. B

C. Lesson 2

Let’s Think About This (page 19)

The cells of the palisade layer are compactly arranged and filled with chloroplasts since the palisade
layer is where most photosynthesic activities in the leaf take place

Let’s Try This (page 19)

Let’s Review (pages 20–21)

A.

1. The stomata are found mostly on the undersides of leaves.

2. The cells in the mesophyll layer are elongated.
3. There is only a single layer of cells found in the epidermis.

B. 1. D

2. B

3. A

4. D

5. A

Let’s Think About This (page 22)

= Answers will depend on the learner’s perception.

Let’s See What You Have Learned (page 23)

1. E 6. I
2. D 7. G
3. C 8. H
4. B 9. K
5. A 10. F
 A. What Have You Learned? (pages 25-26)

1. (D) Pine leaves have narrow blades. The rest of the choices have broad blades.

2. (A) Cutin makes leaves shiny in appearance. It protects the leaves from rapid loss of water.

3. (B) Guard cells regulate the opening of the stomata. The rest are mostly for transport function except
for chlorophyll.

4. (D) The primary function of air spaces is to accommodate gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen.

5. (B) Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.

6. (D) The stomata are the “breathing” holes found in leaves.

7. (B) Lenticels are the “breathing” holes found on the surface of the stems.

8. (A) The epidermis gives protection to the plant.

9. (D) The petiole is the part of the leaf that is attached to the stem.

10. (B) The spongy layer is where air spaces are found.