Q1. Write a Note on Battle of Badr OR Muwakhat (Brotherhood).

Battle of Badr
Battle of Badr took place in 624, the 2nd year of Hijra. The immediate reason
was the caravan of Abu Sufyan which was coming back from Syria. Quresh
thought the Muslims were going to attack the Caravan. The Quresh were
expecting this attack due to the background events which were taking place for
many days. Abu Sufyan stopped the caravan on his way and sent a man to
Makkah who gave the message that the caravan was attacked. Abu Jahl was
ready with 1000 armed men and their intention was to eliminate Madina
completely.
Prophet (saw) took his people from Madina. They were 313 and poorly
equipped. There were eighty-two (82) Muhajreen and two hundred and thirty
one (231) Ansaars who willingly went with Muhajreen. There were only two
horses and seventy camels in the Muslim army.
The Prophet stayed near Badr which is about 60 miles away from Madina.
During his journey, the Prophet (saw) prayed to God that if this small group
was eliminated, no one would name Islam in future. It was 17th Ramadan when
the battle took place. According to tradition, the battle started in the early
morning. First three men of Quresh came out and invited Muslims to fight
against them. From Muslim army, three ansaars came out to fight but the
Quresh refused and asked Muhajreen to fight. Now Ali (ra), Hamza (ra) and
Ubaidah bin Jarrah came out and killed all three men of Quresh. After this the
battle started.
Soon God decided in favour of Muslims. The Quran says that Allah sent 1000
angels to help Muslims. Sura Al Anfaal says:
“He showed them to you as few in your eyes and made you
contemptible in their eyes”.
The battle ended soon in which seventy pagans were killed, seventy were
captured and fourteen Muslims were martyred. Almost all the pagans were
prominent lords of Makkah. Abu Jahl was killed by two Ansari boys. Against
the traditions of Arabs, Muslims treated the pagans with mercy. Those who
could pay the ransom were released and those could not pay and were
educated were asked to teach children of Madina for some time.

OR
BROTHERHOOD
One of the strongest links joining people together is the relationship of
brotherhood. People love and sympathize with each other and share in the
delights and miseries of their fellow brethren. There is the possibility of
occasional differences between them, but soon it is changed into love and
affection through forgiveness. As Islam aims at solidarity of society and
strengthening human relations, it has fostered this relationship and has
declared that all Muslims and believers are brothers to each other.

MEANING AND DEFINITION OF THE WORD

The word (AKHUWAT) is derived from the Arabic word that means brother
thus the word means Brotherhood. In Islamic term it means “brotherhood of
Muslim Ummah i.e all the Muslims are one brotherhood

BACKGROUND

Before the advent of Islam, the Arab society suffered from wars and quarrels.
People were revengeful and blood thirsty, Hazrat Muhammad taught them a
lesson of fraternity and affection and revolutionized the society within a very
short time. His moral conduct and character influenced every one. People
forgot their enmity, strangers became friends and enemies became brothers.
About this transformation Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

… Remember the blessings He has bestowed upon you; you were

enemies and then He united your hearts and by His grace you
become brothers… (3:103)
Of course, all this happened due to the great blessing of Allah Almighty. This
blessing was bestowed upon human beings only due to the mercy of Allah
Almighty. This relationship could not be purchased through wealth as Allah
Almighty says:
Even if had spent all that is on the earth, you could have bound
their hearts together, but God had bound them together. Surely,
He is Mighty and Wise. (8:63)

ESTABLISHMENT OF ISLAMIC BROTHERHOOD (MUWAKHAT)

Hazrat Muhammad established a relationship of brotherhood between the

Refugees of Makkah and Ausar-e-Madina. When he migrated from Makkah to
Madina. Every refugee became a brother of an Ansar. In this way a solid
relationship of brotherhood and affection came into being which is
unprecedented in the history of the world, The Ansar made great sacrifices for
their refugee brothers and provided equal share to them out of their houses,
gardens, and fields. On the other hand the refugees, out of their self-respect
asked for the ways to the market to earn their livelihood through trade or
manual work.

SAYINGS OF THE HOLY QURA'N:

 Islamic brotherhood was a practical demonstration of the following
verse of the Holy Quran:
Surely all believers are brothers. So make peace between
your brothers, and fear God, so that mercy may be shown to
you. (49:10)
 The Holy Qura'n teaches the Muslims to be one unit by holding fast to
the rope of Allah Almighty it is said:
… Remember the blessings He has bestowed upon you; you
were enemies and then He united your hearts and by His
grace you become brothers… (3:103)

SAYINGS OF THE HOLY PROPHET:

 The believer with respect to another believer is like a building, one
strengthening the other (Saheeh al-Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim)
 Every faithful is brother of the other faithful. They are like a body; if a
part of the body is painful, he will feel the pain in his whole body.
(Saheeh Muslim)
  No one amongst you can be a believer unless he chooses the same thing
for his brothers which he likes for himself. (Saheeh Bukhari)

EFFECTS:
• Love and Respect
• Cooperation
• Social Welfare
• Unity
• Social Peace
• Progress and Prosperity

Q2. Write a Note on Introduction To Quran OR Preservation of

Holy Quran

INTRODUCTION TO QURAN

PRESERVATION OF QURAN
After the demise of Holy Prophet (PBUH), no official copy of Quran existed.
During the caliphate of Abu Bakr (R.A), some people declared themselves as
prophets. In order to put down this false prophecy, the war was fought
against them and in this, many Huffaz (people who had committed Quran)
were martyred. This battle was known as the Battle of Yamama. Hazrat Umar
(R.A) realized the tragedy that would occur in future if more memorizers
would die. For this purpose, he suggested Abu Bakr (R.A) that Quran must be
written down and compiled for safety. Abu Bakr (R.A) was reluctant, upset,
and interrogated: “How can I do anything that Prophet (PBUH)
himself did not do?” after much persuasion from Umar (R.A) he
understood the need of compilation and formed a committee under the
scribes of Divine Revelations which included Zain bin Thabit and about 25
trustworthy companions. Zaid (R.A) used extremely cautious techniques in
verifying the verses. He would not accept any verse unless two reliable
witnesses were there to tell that the verse was written under the supervision
of Prophet (PBUH). He collected the Quranic verses from parchments,
stones, leaves, bones and from those who had memorized the Quran. Zaid
(R.A) said: “If Abu Bakr had ordered me to shift one of the
mountains, it would not have been harder for me than what he
ordered me concerning the collection of Quran.” The script prepared
by Zaid bin Thabit (R.A) was called Umm and it remained with Abu Bakr
(R.A). After his demise, it was transferred to the custody of Hazrat Umar
(R.A), the second Caliph. After his death, it was transferred to Hazrat Hafsa
(R.A) and it came to be known has Mushaf-e-Hafsa.
During the caliphate of Umar (R.A), the Islamic state expanded. People in
various places recited the Quran in their local dialects and there arose a
possibility of confusion and misunderstanding. The need for final collection
of Quran became imminent when there was a dispute between Muslim forces
from Iraq and Syria over the correct way of reciting it during communal
prayers. While on an expedition to Azerbaijan, General Huzaifah (R.A)
reported this problem to caliph Usman (R.A). He foresaw the danger and
asked a single genuine and authentic copy of Quran to be made. Accordingly,
he appointed Zaid bin Thabit (R.A) along with three other companions. This
group painstakingly prepared several copies of Umm and these copies were
sent to different provinces of Islamic state including Basra, Kufa, Makka, and
Jerusalem. The copies were also sent to Iraq and Syria along with a teacher
who could teach them how to recite Quran in the proper dialect of Quraish.
After all this, Hazrat Usman (R.A) had four copies of Umm, which were
circulated, and further copies of them were made. Usman (R.A) got all the
other copies of Quran and burnt them to ensure uniformity. He is also known
as Jami al-Quran (the compiler of Quran).
 ‫‪HADITH‬‬
‫صحیح مسلم‬
‫حدیث نمبر‪6543 :‬‬

‫ص ِم ع َْن أ َ ِبي ُه َري َْرةَ قَا َل قَا َل‬ ‫ير ْبنُ ِهش ٍَام َح َّدث َ َنا َج ْع َف ُر ْبنُ بُ ْر َقانَ ع َْن َي ِزي َد ب ِْن ْاْل َ َ‬ ‫َح َّدثَنَا ع َْم ٌرو النَّا ِق ُد َح َّدثَنَا َکثِ ُ‬
‫ک ْم َوأ َ ْع َما ِل ُ‬
‫ک ْم‬ ‫ظ ُر ِإلَی قُلُو ِب ُ‬ ‫ص َو ِر ُک ْم َوأ َ ْم َوا ِل ُ‬
‫ک ْم َولَ ِک ْن َي ْن ُ‬ ‫َّللاَ ََل َي ْن ُ‬
‫ظ ُر ِإلَی ُ‬ ‫سلَّ َم ِإنَّ َّ‬‫علَ ْي ِه َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی َّ‬
‫َّللاُ َ‬ ‫َّللاِ َ‬
‫سو ُل َّ‬ ‫َر ُ‬

‫ترجمہ‪:‬‬
‫عمرو ناقد کثیر بن ہشام جعفر بن برقان یزید بن عاصم حضرت ابوہریرہ ؓ سے‬
‫تعالی تمہاری صورتوں اور‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫روایت ہے کہ رسول ہللا ﷺ نے ارشاد فرمایا ہللا‬
‫تمہارے مالوں کی طرف نہیں دیکھتا بلکہ وہ تو تمہارے دلوں اور تمہارے اعمال‬
‫کی طرف دیکھتا ہے۔‬

‫‪Translation:‬‬
‫‪Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah’s Messenger (May peace be upon‬‬
‫‪him) as saying: Verily Allah does not look to your faces and your‬‬
‫‪wealth but He looks to your heart and to your deeds.‬‬

‫صحیح بخاری‬
‫حدیث نمبر‪5985 :‬‬

‫س ِعي ٍد ‪ ،‬ع َْن أَبِي‬

‫س ِعي ِد ب ِْن أَبِي َ‬ ‫َح َّدثَنِي إِب َْرا ِهي ُم ْبنُ ا ْل ُم ْنذ ِِر ‪َ ،‬ح َّدثَنَا ُم َح َّم ُد ْبنُ َم ْع ٍن ‪ ،‬قَا َل‪َ :‬ح َّدثَنِي أَبِي ‪ ،‬ع َْن َ‬
‫س َط لَهُ فِي ِر ْزقِ ِه َوأ َ ْن‬
‫س َّرهُ أ َ ْن يُ ْب َ‬
‫سلَّ َم يَقُو ُل‪َ :‬م ْن َ‬
‫علَ ْي ِه َو َ‬ ‫صلَّى َّ‬
‫َّللاُ َ‬ ‫َّللاِ َ‬
‫سو َل َّ‬‫س ِمعْتُ َر ُ‬ ‫ع ْنهُ‪ ،‬قَا َل‪َ :‬‬ ‫ُه َري َْرةَ َر ِض َي َّ‬
‫َّللاُ َ‬
‫سأ َ لَهُ فِي أَث َ ِر ِه فَ ْليَ ِص ْل َر ِح َمهُ‬
‫‪.‬يُ ْن َ‬

‫ترجمہ‪:‬‬
‫مجھ سے ابراہیم بن المنذر نے بیان کیا‪ ،‬انہوں نے کہا ہم سے محمد بن معن نے بیان کیا‪،‬‬
‫انہوں نے کہا کہ مجھ سے میرے والد نے بیان کیا‪ ،‬انہوں نے کہا ہم سے سعید بن ابی سعید‬
‫نے بیان کیا اور ان سے ابوہریرہ ؓ نے بیان کیا کہ میں نے رسول ہللا ﷺ سے سنا‪ ،‬نبی کریم‬
‫ﷺ نے فرمایا کہ جسے پسند ہے کہ اس کی روزی میں فراخی ہو اور اس کی عمردراز کی‬
‫جائے تو وہ صلہ رحمی کیا کرے۔‬

‫‪Translation:‬‬
‫‪ saying,‬ﷺ ‪Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): I heard Allah’s Apostle‬‬
‫‪"Whoever is pleased that he be granted more wealth and that his‬‬
‫‪lease of life be prolonged, then he should keep good relations with‬‬
‫"‪his kith and kin.‬‬

‫صحیح مسلم‬
‫حدیث نمبر‪4223 :‬‬

‫ع ْن أ َ ِبی ِه َ‬
‫ع ْن‬ ‫ع ْن ْال َع ََل ِ‬
‫ئ َ‬ ‫س ِعی ٍد َواب ُْن حُجْ ٍر قَالُوا َحدَّثَنَا ِإ ْس َم ِعی ُل ُه َو اب ُْن َج ْعفَ ٍر َ‬ ‫َحدَّثَنَا یَحْ َیی ب ُْن أَی َ‬
‫ُّوب َوقُت َ ْی َبةُ َی ْعنِي ابْنَ َ‬
‫ع َملُهُ ِإ ََّّل ِم ْن ث َ ََلث َ ٍة ِإ ََّّل ِم ْن َ‬
‫صدَقَ ٍة‬ ‫ع ْنهُ َ‬ ‫ان ا ْنقَ َ‬
‫ط َع َ‬ ‫س ُ‬ ‫سلَّ َم قَا َل ِإذَا َماتَ ْ ِ‬
‫اْل ْن َ‬ ‫علَ ْی ِه َو َ‬ ‫صلَّی َّ‬
‫َّللاُ َ‬ ‫َّللاِ َ‬ ‫سو َل َّ‬ ‫أ َ ِبي ُه َری َْرة َ أ َ َّن َر ُ‬
‫عو لَهُ‬ ‫صا ِلحٍ َی ْد ُ‬‫ار َی ٍة أ َ ْو ِع ْل ٍم یُ ْنتَفَ ُع ِب ِه أ َ ْو َولَ ٍد َ‬
‫َج ِ‬

‫ترجمہ‪:‬‬
‫یحیی بن ایوب‪ ،‬قتیبہ‪ ،‬ابن حجر‪ ،‬اسماعیل بن جعفر‪ ،‬العَلء‪ ،‬حضرت ابوہریرہ ؓ سے روایت ہے‬
‫ٰ‬
‫کہ رسول ہللا ﷺ نے فرمایا جب انسان مرجاتا ہے تو تین اعمال کے عَلوہ تمام اعمال منقطع‬
‫ہوجاتے ہیں صدقہ جاریہ یا وہ علم جس سے نفع اٹھایا جائے یا نیک اوَّلد جو اس کے لئے‬
‫دعا کرتی رہے۔‬

‫‪Translation:‬‬
‫‪ as saying: When a man‬ﷺ ‪Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah’s Messenger‬‬
‫‪dies, his acts come to an end, but three, recurring charity, or knowledge (by‬‬
‫‪which people) benefit, or a pious son, who prays for him (for the deceased).‬‬

‫‪AYATS‬‬

‫القرآن ‪ -‬سورة نمبر ‪ 49‬الحجرات‬

‫آیت نمبر ‪9‬‬

‫علَى ۡاَلُ ۡۡ ٰر‬ ‫ص ِل ُح ۡوا بَ ۡينَ ُه َما فَا ِۡن َبََ ۡت ا ِۡح ٰده ُه َما َ‬ ‫َوا ِۡن َطا ٓ ِئفَ ٰت ِن ِم َن ۡال ُم ۡؤ ِم ِن ۡي َن ۡاقتَتَلُ ۡوا فَا َ ۡ‬
‫ص ِل ُح ۡوا بَ ۡينَ ُه َما بِ ۡالعَ ۡد ِل َوا َ ۡق ِ‬
‫س ُ‬
‫ط ۡوا‬ ‫َّللاِ فَا ِۡن فَا ٓ َء ۡۡ فَا َ ۡ‬ ‫ٓ‬
‫فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِ ۡى ت َ ۡب َِ ۡى َحتّٰى ت َ ِف ۡ ٓى َء ا ِٰلى ا َ ۡم ِر ّٰ‬
‫ب ۡال ُم ۡقس ِِط ۡي َن ۞‬ ‫ا َِّن ّٰ‬
‫َّللاَ يُ ِح ُّ‬
 ‫ترجمہ‪:‬‬
‫اور اگر مسلمانوں کے دو گروہ آپس میں لڑ پڑیں تو ان کے درمیان صلح کراؤ۔ پھر‬
‫اگر ان میں سے ایک گروہ دوسرے کے ساتھ زیادتی کرے تو اس گروہ سے لڑو‬
‫جو زیادتی کر رہا ہو‪ ،‬یہاں تک کہ وہ ہللا کے حکم کی طرف لوٹ آئے۔ چنانچہ اگر‬
‫وہ لوٹ آئے‪ ،‬تو ان کے درمیان انصاف کے ساتھ صلح کرادو‪ ،‬اور (ہر معاملے‬
‫میں) انصاف سے کام لیا کرو‪ ،‬بیشک ہللا انصاف کرنے والوں سے محبت کرتا ہے۔‬

‫‪Translation:‬‬
‫‪If two parties of believers fight against each other, make‬‬
‫‪peace between them; then if after that one of them‬‬
‫‪transgresses against the other, fight the party that‬‬
‫‪transgresses until it submits to the command of God. Then if‬‬
‫‪it complies, make peace between them with equity, and act‬‬
‫‪justly Truly, God loves the just.‬‬

‫القرآن ‪ -‬سورة نمبر ‪ 49‬الحجرات‬

‫آیت نمبر ‪10‬‬

‫اِنَّ َما ۡال ُم ۡؤ ِمنُ ۡونَ ا ِۡخ َوة ٌ فَاَصۡ ِل ُح ۡوا َب ۡینَ اَخ ََو ۡی ُك ۡم َواتَّقُوا ه‬
‫َّللاَ لَعَلَّ ُك ۡم ت ُ ۡر َح ُم ۡونَ ۞‬

‫ترجمہ‪:‬‬
‫حقیقت تو یہ ہے کہ تمام مسلمان بھائی بھائی ہیں‪ ،‬اس لیے اپنے دو بھائیوں کے‬
‫درمیان تعلقات اچھے بناؤ‪ ،‬اور ہللا سے ڈرو تاکہ تمہارے ساتھ رحمت کا معاملہ کیا‬
‫جائے۔‬

‫‪Translation:‬‬
‫‪Surely all believers are brothers. So make peace between‬‬
‫‪your brothers, and fear God, so that mercy may be shown to‬‬
‫‪you.‬‬

‫القرآن ‪ -‬سورة نمبر ‪ 49‬الحجرات‬

‫آیت نمبر ‪11‬‬

‫ٰٰۤیاَیُّ َھا الَّذ ِۡینَ ٰا َمنُ ۡوا ََّل یَ ۡسخ َۡر قَ ۡو ٌم ِم ۡن قَ ۡو ٍم َعسٰ ٓى ا َ ۡن یَّ ُك ۡونُ ۡوا خ َۡی ًرا ِم ۡن ُھ ۡم َو ََّل نِ َ‬
‫سا ٓ ٌء ِم ۡن نِ َ‬
‫سآءٍ‬
‫س ۡو ُق بَعۡ دَ‬‫س ِاَّل ۡس ُم ۡالفُ ُ‬
‫ب بِ ۡئ َ‬ ‫س ُك ۡم َو ََّل تَنَابَ ُز ۡوا ِب ۡاَّلَ ۡلقَا ِ‬
‫َعسٰ ٓ ى ا َ ۡن یَّ ُك َّن خ َۡی ًرا ِم ۡن ُھ َّن َو ََّل ت َ ۡل ِم ُز ٰۡۤوا ا َ ۡنفُ َ‬
‫اَّل ۡیمان ۚ وم ۡن لَّ ۡم یت ُ ۡب فَا ُ ٰ ٓ‬
‫الّٰ ِل ُم ۡونَ ۞‬ ‫ولئِ ََ ُه ُم ه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِۡ َ ِ َ َ‬

‫ترجمہ‪:‬‬
‫اے ایمان والو ! نہ تو مرد دوسرے مردوں کا مذاق اڑائیں‪ ،‬ہوسکتا ہے کہ وہ (جن‬
‫کا مذاق اڑا رہے ہیں) خود ان سے بہتر ہوں‪ ،‬اور نہ دوسری عورتیں دوسری‬
‫عورتوں کا مذاق اڑائیں‪ ،‬ہوسکتا ہے کہ وہ (جن کا مذاق اڑا رہی ہیں) خود ان سے‬
‫بہتر ہوں۔ اور تم ایک دوسرے کو طعنہ نہ دیا کرو‪ ،‬اور نہ ایک دوسرے کو برے‬
‫القاب سے پکارو۔ ایمان َّلنے کے بعد گناہ کا نام لگنا بہت بری بات ہے۔ اور جو‬
‫لوگ ان باتوں سے باز نہ آئیں تو وہ ظالم لوگ ہیں۔‬

‫‪Translation:‬‬
‫‪O you who believe, let not some men among you ridicule‬‬
‫‪others: it may be that the latter are better than the former:‬‬
‫‪nor should some women laugh at others: it may be that the‬‬
‫‪latter are better than the former: do not defame or be‬‬
‫]‪sarcastic to each other, or call each other by [offensive‬‬
‫‪nicknames. How bad it is to earn an evil reputation after‬‬
‫‪accepting the faith! Those who do not repent are evil-doers.‬‬