MODALS

1-Ability Can, be able to,

could, was able to
2-Request Can / Could/ Will / Would you ………………………….?
I wonder if you could……………………………………?
3- Permission *May I ……?
Could I ………?
Can I…….(informal)?
* Do you mind if I/we + present ….?
Do you mind (my/your)+ Ving ……?
* Would you mind if I / we + V2 (present meaning)…?
Would you mind + Ving………?
5-Obligation/Necessity Must / have to / have got to / - need to
-had to-
6-Lack of Present
Don’t have to / doesn’t have to Gereği yok
Obligation/Necessity
 Don’t need to / doesn’t need to
Needn’t

Past
Didn’t have to
Didn’t need to + V1 Gereği yoktu yaptın / Gereği yoktu ve yapmadın

Needn’t have+V3 Gereği yoktu ama yaptın

7-Prohibition mustn’t
can’t
not be allowed to

8-Advice Should / ought to

had better
9-Suggestion Let’s
Shall we/I + V1
Why don’t we

How about + Ving

What about

We may/might as well + V1

10-Expectation Should
be to
be supposed to

11-Preference Prefer
would prefer
would rather/would sooner
12-Habitual Past *Used to (stative verbs, action verbs)
would (only action verbs)
* Be used to + noun + Ving
* get used to + noun + Ving

must (not) + V1 PRESENT

13- Deduction can’t + be doing
couldn’t + have done
+ have been doing PAST

PRESENT
14- Possibility Can
may
might
could
be likely

PAST
may
might + have + V3 (Possibility)
 could + have been Ving

might
could have + V3 (It was possible you did something but you didn’t )

15- Criticism * should / ought to + be Ving

* should + have + V3
ought to

WOULD

1- Reported Speech
Will-would

- She said she would be delighted to accompany me in the reception.

2- unreal situation present (Type 2)

- If I were you, I would move to another city.

3- unreal past
- If I had seen the advertisement before, I would have asked my brother to apply fort he job.