TheBaburNamainEnglishMemoirsofBabur 10642473

O T H ER OR IENTA L WO RKS
H E N RY B E VE RI D G E !
(p r im u s ) ,
Ad voca t e
A Comp rehensive History of In dia 3 v ol . Lon do n and
G l a s go w ,
1 862 .
H E N RY B E VE R ID G E !
(
s ecu n du s
) ,
In dian C iv il S e rv i c e ,
r e t ir e d
Akbar-
n ame t r s . .
( P e r s i a n ) C a l c ut t a
, ,
1 8 9 4— 1 9 2 1 .
A N N E TTE SU SAN N A H B E VE RID G E
Kaiser Akbar t rs (G e rm a n ) .
, C a lc u t t a 1 8 90 .
Humayun- n am 9 P e r s t e xt , . ed . an d t rs . R AS . 1 902 .
O ut o f p ri n t )
( .
Bib i Bro o k e s Key of the Hearts 0! Beginners t rs ( P e rs i an )

’
.
,
Lo n d o n 1 90 8 ,
.
Notes on the MSS . of the Babur-

n am a
(Turk i ) jR A S , .
— 2— -6 — — 8 —
1
9 00 5 7 9 .
The B fibur-
n ama Fa c s i m il e e dit e d
'
an d i n d exed f o r t he
G i b b Tr u s t L o n d o n 1 9 05 , , .
S ee Bi bl io g ra p h y of D u n fe r m li ne ( E rsk in e Be ve id ge
r
g:
3 ?
6 5 5 W Em ( ,
D af f a r of l
T he -
Bab u r n am a in En g lis h
( M m e o ir s of Béb u r)
T r an sla t e d fro m t he o r igin a l T urki T e xt

OF
Ze 'l i f x
Mh
.
Za hir u d- ad Ba b u r lPads ha h C ha z i
’
di n u amm
A NNETT E S U S AN N AH B EVERID G E
Is s ued in F o u r F a s c ic u li —
Fa r g ha n a l 9 1Z —
Kabu l
l9l4 —
Hin du s t a n 19 17 —
Pr e fa c e , i n dic e s , e t c.
19 2 1 .
% 0 t 1 0
;
m a n s .
Vo l l .
SO LD BY
LUZAC CO 4 6 , G r e a t Ru s s e ll St r e e t , Lo n do n .
19 2 2
T ABLE OF C ONT E N T S
B a b u r s e x e m pl a rs in t he
’
PR EF A C E I n t ro d u c t o ry
: .
A rt s o f p e a c e p xxv 11 —C a I I P bl m f t h m til t d
p ,
r
. o e s o .e u a e . .
B a b u r n a m a p x x xi C a p I I I T he T u r ki M S S a n d
— —
,
. . .
‘
. .
w o rk c o n n e c t i n g w it h t he m p x x xviii — C a p IV
“
. .
, . .
T he L e yd e n a n d E rs ki n e M e m o i rs o f B a be r p lvi i . .
P o s t s c r ipt o f T ha n k s p 1x , . .
S E C T IO N I — F A R G H ANA .
12t h 14 9 3 t o O c t 2n d 14 9 4 A D
—O c t B ab u r s a g e a t
’
899 AH . . . .
—
t he d t ea o f his a c c e s s i o n —
D e s c r ip t i o n o f F a r g h fi n a
( pp 1 .t o 1 2 ) — D e a t h a n d bi o g r a p hy o f
‘
U m a r S h a ik h
( 13 19 d 24 2 8 ) B i p h y f Y C l / d
’
—
t
‘
t o a n o o g ra o u n a s z ag z a z z
( 18 t o 2 4 ) B a b u r s u n c l e s A h m a d M
’
z r d n -s /z dlz i a n d
’
M ah m ud C kag /z a t d z ( T he K han ) i n v a d e F a rg han a— D e a t h

‘
a n d bi o g r a p hy o f A m a d
h M i s d o i n g s o f h is s u c c e s s o r, h is
—
b ro t he r M ahm u d . 1 42
—
9 00 AH .
— Oc t . 2n d 14 9 4 t o Sep I vas i o n o f
. 2 15 t 14 9 5 AD .
- n
F a rg h a n a c o n t i n u e d B a b u r s a d o p t i o n o f o r t ho d o x
’
b v D t h d bi p h y f M h m d k! d - kd /
’
o se r a n c e — e a a n o g r a o a u 1 i r n s z z
— S a m a r k a n d a ff a i rs -re v 0 1 t o f I b rahi m S d r zz d e fe a t e d
B ab u r vi s it s T he K h an in T as hki n t — t rib u t e c o ll e c t e d fro m
’
t he J g i r a k t r i b e —
e xp e d iti o n i n t o A u at i a 4 3 -5 6
r
p
9 01 A H —
.S e p 2 1 s t 1
.4 9 5 t o S e p 9 t h 1 4 9 6 A D — H u s a i n Edi
. .
a r d s c a m pa i g n a g a i n s t K h u s ra u S B b r re c e iv e s
’
g h a h — a u
A fi z b e g s u l t an s — R e v o l t o f t he T a rkhan s in S a m a rk a n d
B ahu t s fi rs t m o v e fo r S a m a r k a n d 5 7—6 4
’
S e p 9 t h 14 9 6 t o A u g 3 0t h 14 9 7 A D -B ab u r s se c o n d ’
9 02 A H —
. . . .
o f
m ve o r S m a k a n d
a r — -
D i s se n s i o n s o f H u s a i n E d i ya r d a n d
D i s s e n s i o n s be tw e e n K hu s ra u S hah a n d Ma s u d
‘
i
h so n
s s —
Mz m n s /z a fz z 6 5 71
9 03 AH .
g 3
— Au0 t h 14 9 7. t o u g 9 t h 1 4 9 8 A D — B A 1
a bu r 5 . .
’
s e c o n d a tt e m p t o n S a m a r k a n d IS s u c c e s s f u l — D e s c r i p t i o n
of Sam ar k an d ( pp Z 4 t o 8 6 ) —
his a c t.i o n t h e r e —
M u h fi ls
g
d e m a n d a n d b e s i e g e A n dij an fo r B ab u r s ha l f b ro t he r
’
— he
J a h an gi r his m o t he r a n d fr i e n d s e n t re a t his he l p
—
'
l e a ve s S a m a rk a n d in his c o us i n A l i s h a n d s — h a s a r e l a p s e
‘ ’
o f ill n e s s o n t he ro a d a n d is be l i e v e d dyi n g — o n t h e n e w s
A n d i j an is s u r re n d e re d by a M u g h ul t o t he M u g h ul fa c t i o n
— H a vi n g
l o s t S a m a r k a n d a n d A n d ij an B ab u r is ho s pit a bly ,
e n t e rt a i n e d by t he K hu j a n di s — he is fo r c e d t o d i s m i s s
K ha l i fa T he K han ( his u n c l e ) m o v e s t o he lp him b u t is
—
v m CO N TE N TS
p e rs u a d e d t o re ti re — m a n y fo ll o w e rs g o t o A n d ijan w h e re
w e re t he i r fa m ili e s — h e i s l e f t wi t h 20 0 —
3 0 0 m e n — h is
m o t he r a n d g ra n d m o t he r a n d t he fa m ili e s o f his m e n s e n t
t o h im n i K h u j a n d —
h e is d i s t r e s s e d t o t e a rs —
T he K h an
g iv e s h e lp a g a i n s t S a m a r k a n d b u t h is t r o o p s t u rn b a c k o n
new s o f S h a ib a n i — B ab u r r e t u rn s t o K h u j a n d —
s pe a k s o f
his a m biti o n t o r u l e — g o e s in p e rs o n t o a s k T he K han s

’
he lp t o r e g a i n A n d i j an —
h is fo rc e b e i n g i n s u ffi c i e n t he ,
o e s b a c k t o K h uj a n d — A ffa i rs o f K hu s r a u S hah a n d t he
g
T i m ijr id M i rz as — A ffa i rs o f H u s a i n E d i -ya r d a n d his s o n s
— K hu s ra u S hah bli n d s B ab u r s c o u s i n Ma s fi d B ab u r
’ ‘
—
c u rs e s t h e c r i m i n a l 72 9 6 —
AH . Au
-
g i 9 t.h 1 4 9 8 t o A u g 8 t h 1 4 9 9
. A D — B ab u
. r b o rr o w s
P a s hag h a r fo r t h e wi n t e r a n d l e a v e s K h u j a n d — r id e s 7 0 —80
m il e s w i t h fe v e r— wint e r wi t h S a m a r k a n d
’
a s t u g -o f-w a r
h is fo r c e i n s u ffi c i e n t he g o e s b a c k t o K hu j a n d — u n willi n g
,
t o b u r t he n it l o n g e r g o e s i n t o t he s u m m e r —p a s t u re s o f
,
A fi r at i p a— i n vit e d t o Ma rg hi n an by his m o t he r s u n c l e
’
‘
A li -d o s t —
a j o y fu l ru s h o ve r s o m e 14 5 m il e s — n e a r
Ma rg hi n an p ru d e n t a n x i e ti e s a r i s e a n d a re s til l e d — he is
a d m i t t e d t o Ma rg hi n an o n t e r m s —
is a t t a c k e d v a i n ly by
t h e Mu g hfi l fa c ti o n a c c re ti o n s t o his fo r c e — h e lp e d by
—
T he K han —
t he M u g hal s d e fe a t e d n e a r A khs i — A n d ij an
re c o v e re d M u g h al s re n e w re v o lt B ab u r s t ro o p s b e a t e n
’
— —
by Mu g hfi ls T a m b a l a t t e m pt s A n dij an
— 9 7 10 7
—
A u g 8 t h 14 9 9 t o J u ly 28 t h 15 00 A D B ab u r s c a m
’
—
A IL . .
—
a
p g i n a g a i n s t A h m a d T a m b a l a n d t h e M u
g h fi l fa c t i o n — he
t a k e s Maz fi —
K hu s ra u S hah m u rd e rs B ai -s u n g ha r Mi n i n
s kd fi i fl—B i o r a p hy o f t he M i rz a— B ab u r wi n s his fi rs t ra n g e d
g
b a t tl e , fro m T a m b a l s u pp o r ti n g J ah an gi r, a t K hab an
w i n t e r-q ua r t e rs — m i n o r s u c c e s s e s — t he wi n t e r-c a m p b r o k e n
by Q b -i-a l i s t a ki n g l e a v e B ab u r r e t u rn s t o
‘
m
’
u
p a a r
A n d i j an —T he K han p e rs u a d e d by T a m b a l s k i n s m e n in
’
h is s e rvi c e t o s u pp o r t J a han gi r— h is t ro o p s re ti re b e fo re
‘
B ab u r— B ab u r a n d T a m b a l a g a i n o pp o s e d — Q a m b a r -i- a li ‘
aga i n iv t bl — m t i d m m d t i
g e s r o u e i n o r a c o n a n a n a c c o o a o n
m a d e w it ho u t B ab u r s wi s h— t e r m s o f t he a c c o m m o d a ti o n
’
T he s e l f-a gg ra n d i z e m e n t o f A li -d o s t Mug fz zZl— Bab u r s fi rs t

‘ ’
m a r ri a g e p e rso n a l e p i so d e — S a m a rk a n d a ffa i r s — A II ‘
— a
q u a rre l s w i t h t he T a rkhan s — T he K han s e n d s t r0 0 p s a g a i n s t

S a m a rk a n d M i rz a K han i n vit e d t he re by a T a r k han — A li
— ‘
d e fe a t s T he K han s M u g h al s -r -B ab u r i n vit e d t o S a m a rk a n d
’
— re a r s
p p e t o s t a rt a n d g i ve s J a h an g i r re n d e zv o u s fo r t he
CO N TE N TS ix
a tt e m pt — T am bal s
’
b ro th e r t a k e s A fi s h B ab u r l e a v e s t h i s
—
l e e r m a tt e r a s id e a n d m a rc he s fo r S a m a rk a n d Q a m b a r
s s —
i-a li p u n i s he s hi m se l f— Sh a ib an i re p o rt e d t o b e m o vi n g on
‘
B ku h a r a— S a m a r k a n d b e g s w a it o n B ab u r t he e n d o f
—
A li -d o s t B ab u r ha s n e w s o f S ha ib an i s a pp ro a c h t o
‘ ’
S m k an d a n d g e s t o K e s h h e a rs t h e re t ha t A l i s
‘ ’
a a r o —
A fi z b e g m o t he r h a d g iv e n S a m a r k a n d t o S ha ib an i o n
c o n d iti o n o f h is m a r r i a g e wit h h e rse l f 108 — 126
9 06 AH .
— J u ly 28 t h 15 00 t o J u ly 17 t h 15 01 A D . S ha i b an i
—
m u rd e rs A li a n d t wo d
‘
of
’
a son g ra n s o n s A h rari s
m u rd e re d B ab u r l e a v e s K e s h wit h a n u m b e r o f t he
S a m a r k a n d b e g s — is l a n dl e s s a n d i s o l a t e d — t a k e s a p e r il o u s
m o u n t a i n j o u rn e y b a c k i n t o A fi r at i p a c o m m e n t s o n t he
—
s t i n g i n e s s s he w n t o h i m s e l f by K h u s ra u S h ah a n d a n o t he r
c o n s u lt t i n d s o lv e m p t S a m rk n d B ab u r s ’
— t t —
a o a n r e o a t e a a
d re a m -vi s i o n o f s u c c e s s — he t a k e s t he t o w n by a s u rp r i se
a t t a c k — c o m p a re s t h i s c a pt u re wi t h H u s a i n B d i -ga r zi s o f
’
’
H e ri — his a ffa i rs in g o o d p o s it io n b irt h of h is fi rs t c h ild

w
h is s u m m o n s fo r he lp t o k e e p t he A fi z b e g d o w n — l it e ra ry
m a t t e rs —
h is fo rc e o f 24 0 g ro w s t o a ll o w him t o fa c e
S ha ib an i a t S a r-i-p u l— t he b a ttl e a n d his d e fe a t — Mu g hii ls
he lp his l o s s e s —he is b e s i e g e d in S a m a r k a n d — a l o n g
bl o c k a d e g re a t p riv a t i o n n o h e lp fro m a n y qu a rt e r
— —
F u til e p ro c e e d i n g s o f T a m b a l a n d T he K han 127 14 5

—
9 07 A H . J u ly 17t h 15 0 1 t o J u ly 7t h 15 02 A D -B ab u r s u r re n d e rs
—
.
S a m a r k a n d — his s i s t e r K han -z ad a is m a r r i e d by S ha iban i

i n c id e n t s o f h is e s c a p e t o D iz a k — his 4 o r 5 e s c a p e s fro m
p e r il t o s a fe ty a n d e a s e — g o e s t o D ikh-ka t in A iirat ip a
i n c id e n t s o f h is s t a y t he re — his w a n d e r i n g s b a re -he a d b a re ,
fo o t — s e n d s g i ft s t o J a han g i r a n d t o T a m b a l a s w o rd w h i c h
,
fl
l at e r wo u n d s hi m se l f a r r iv a l fro m S a m a rk a n d o f t he
fa m ili e s a n d a fe w h u n g ry fo ll o w e rs —
S ha ib an i K han ra id s
in T he K han s c o u n t ry B ab u r r id e s a ft e r him fru itl e s s ly
’
—
D e a t h o f N u y an K fi kfi ldas h Bab u r s g ri e f fo r h is fr i e n d
— ’
-
he re ti re s t o t he Za r a fs han v a ll e y b e fo re S ha ib an i — re e c t s
o n t he fu tility o f his w a n d e r i n g s a n d g o e s t o T he K h an in
T as hki n t — Mu g hfi l c o n s pi rac y a g a i n s t T a m b a l Mug /212!

B ab u r s u b m i t s v e rs e s t o T he K han a n d c o m m e n t s o n h is
u n c l e s s c a n t s t u dy o f p o e ti c id i o m — T he K h an r id e s o u t
’
a g a i n s t T a m b a l — h is s t a n d a rd s a c c l a i m e d a n d h is a r m y
n u m b e re d — o f t he C zz ng am q u a rre l o f C hi ras a n d
'
/
'
z z J —
B e g c hi k c h i e fs fo r t he p o s t o f d a n g e r— H u n ti n g — K hu j a n d
r iv e r re a c he d 14 6 15 6
.
CO N TE N TS
u1 7 t h 15 02 t o J u n e 26 t h 15 03 B b u r co m
—
AH .
—
J y a A D .
m e n t s o n T he K han s u n p ro fi t a bl e m v e his p o v e rt y a n d
’
o —
-
d e s p a i r in T as hki n t h is re s o lv e t o g o t o K h it ai a n d ru s e
fo r g e t t i n g a w a y — h si t h o u g h t fo h r is m o t he r his pl a n n o t
—
a c c e p t e d by T h e K h a n and S h a h B g m T he Y o u n g e r
e i —
K han ( A h m a d ) a rr iv e s fro m K as hg h a r — is m e t by B ab u r
a h a l f n i g h t s fa m ily t l k i ft o B ab u r h m ti
’
- a —
g s t — t e e e n g o f
K A h m a d s c h a ra c t e r i s ti c s a n d his o pi n i o n
’
t he t w o h an s —
o f v a ri o u s we a p o n s T he K han s m a rc h i n t o F a rghan a
ag a i n s t J a h a n g i r s
’
s u pp o r t e r T a m b a l — t he y n u m b e r t he i r
fo r c e — B ab u r d e t a c he d a g a i n s t A fi s h t a k e s it a n d h a s g re a t
,
a c c re t i o n s o f fo l l o w i n g A n a t t e m p t t o t a k e A n d i j an
f r u s t ra t e d by m i s t a k e i n a p a s s - w o r d — A u t ho r s N o t e o n
’
p a s s -w o rd s a s e c o n d a tt e m pt fo il e d by t he o ve r-c a u ti o n
—
o f e xp e r i e n c e d b e g s is s u r p ri s e d in h is biv o u a c by T a m b a l
—
t o fa c e w i t h T a m b a l h is n e w g os fz a -g z r — h is
'
— fa c e —
dwi n dli n g c o m p a n y w o u n d e d l e ft a l o n e is s t ru c k by his

— —
,
g i ft - s w o rd — e s c a pe s t o A fi sh — T h e K h a n m o v e s fro m
K as an a g a i n s t A n dij an h is d i s p o s i t i o n o f B ab u r s la n d s
—
’
-
Q a m b a r i a l i s c o u n s e l t o B ab u r re j e c t e d B ab u r is t re a t e d
-‘ ’
—
by t he Y o u n g e r K h an s s u rg e o n t a l e s o f Mu g h ii l s u rg e ry
’
—
Q a m b a r i a li fl e e s t o T a m b a l in fe a r t hro u g h his
‘
u n a c c e p t a bl e c o u n s e l — B ab u r m o v e s fo r A khsi — a lo st
c ha n c e m ino r a ct io ns a n e pi s o d e o f P ap T he K han s
’
— — —
d o n o t t a k e A n d ij an B ab u r i n vit e d i n t o A khs i — T a m b a l s ’
—
b ro t he r B ay a zi d j o i n s him wi t h N as i r Mi r d n s /z rik£ T a m b a l
'
— -
a s k s he lp fro m S h a ib an i O n n e w s o f S ha ib an i s c o n s e n t
’
—
t he K han s r e t i re fro m A n d ij an B ab u r s a ffa i rs in A khs i

’
—
he tt e m p t s t o d e fe n d it
a — i n c id e n t s o f t he d e fe n c e B ab u r -
w n d e d u n e q u a l s t re n g t h o f t he o pp o n e n t s — he fl e e s w it h
o u —
20— 3 0 m e n — i n c id e n t s o f t he fli g h t B b u r l e ft a l o n e is
a — —
o v e r t a k e n by t w o fo e s — h is p e r il o u s p o s i t i o n — a m e s s e n e r
g
a r r iv e s fro m T a m b a l s b ro t h e r B ay a z i d B ab u r e xp e c ti n g
’
—
d t q t
e a h , u o e s N ig am i —
( t h e n a rr a t iv e b r e a k s o ff in t he
m iddl e o f t he v e rs e ) 15 7-18 2
T r an slat or ’
s N0te .
— 9 08 t o 9 09 A H .
—15 03 t o 15 04 A D .
—
B ab u r w ill ha v e b e e n re s c u e d -is wit h T he K han s in
t he b a ttl e a n d d e fe a t by S h a ib an i a t A rc hi an — t a k e s re fu e
g
in t he A s fa ra h ill s — t he re s p e n d s a y e a r in m i s e ry a n d
p v y
o e r t — e v t s in F a rg han a a n d T as hki n t
e n — S ha ib an i
s e n d s t he M u h al h o rd e b a c k t o K as h a r— h is d i s p o s iti o n
g g
o f t he w o m e n o f T he K han s fa m ily — B ab u r pl a n s t o
’
"
go t o
H u s a i n B ri a-9 a m in K hu ras an c h a n g e s his a im fo r K ab nl
—
18 2 18 5
—
[En d of Tr an s l a t or s’
N ot e .
]
CO N TE N TS x i
S E C T IO N I I .
— K AB U L
A H —
. J une 14 t h 15 04 t o J une 4 t h 15 05 A D
B ab u r h a l t s
.
—
o n an al f H i s ar— e n t e rs h is 22n d ( l u n a r ) y e a r- d e l a y s
p o
his m a r c h in ho p e o f a d he re n t s — w r it e s a s e c o n d ti m e o f
t he s ti n g i n e s s o f K h u s ra u S hah t o h i m s e l f — r e c a ll s S he ri m
T a g hai Mug h ? ! s e a r li e r w a ve r i n g s in s u p p o r t is j o i n e d by
’
—
K hu s ra u S hah s b ro t he r B aqi B e g t he y s t a rt fo r K ab u l
’
—
A c c re ti o n s o f fo rc e t he i r fa m ili e s l e ft in F o r t A j a r
( K a h m a r d ) - J a h a n g i r m a rr i e s a c o u s i n — B a q i a dvi s e s h is
d i s m i s s a l t o K h as an B ab u r s l o y a l t o his ha l f b ro t he r
u r — i -
J a han gi r is s e d u c e d l a t e r by d i s l o y a l B e g c hi k c h i e fs
, ,
H u sa i n E i y d - a r d s u m m o n s h lp g in t S
e a a s h a a -
ib n i D e s p a i r
“ ”
in B ab u r s p a r t y a t Hu s a in s pl a n o f d e fe n c e n o t a tt a c k
’ ’
— Q a m b a r-i- a li d i s m i s s e d t o pl e a s e B aq i — K hu s ra u m a k e s
‘
a bj e c t s u b m i s s i o n t o B ab u r M i rz a K han d e m a n d s v e n g e
—
K hu s r a u s s u b m i s s i o n ha vi n g b e e n o n t e rm s
’
a n c e o n h im
—
,
h e is le t g o f r e e — B'
a b u r r e s u m e s hi s m a rc h - fi rs t se e s
C a n o p u s is jo in e d b y t r ib e s m e n K hu s ra u s b ro t he r W a l i
— —
’
fle e s t o t he A fi z b e g s a n d is e x e c u t e d —R i s k s r u n by t he
f
fa m il i e s n o w e t c he d fro m K ah m a rd — K ab u l s u rre n d e re d
t o B ab u r by M u q i m A rg /z zZn — Mu q i m s fa m ily p ro t e c t e d
’
D e s c r i p t i o n o f K ab u l ( pp 19 9 t o 27 7).
— M u qi m l e a v e s
fo r Q a n d a har — A l l o t m e n t o f fi e fs — E x c e s s l e vy in g ra i n
F o r a y o n t he S u l t an M a s ad i H a z ara Bab u r s fi rs t m o v e
‘
— ’
fo r H in d fi s t an — K ha ib a r t ra v e rs e d Bi g ram vi s it e d B aq i
fi —
B e g p re v e n t s c ro s s i n g t he S i n d —
a n d p e rs u a d e s fo r K o hat
— A pl a n fo r B a n a s h B a n n a a n d t he n c e r e t u rn t o K ab u l
g ,
Y ar i h u s a i n D a ry d -s m a s k s fo r p e r m i s s i o n t o r a i s e a
-
’
fo r ec f o r B ab u r e a s t o f t he S i n d
,
— M o ve t o T hal B a n n ii , ,
a n d t he D a s h t — re t u rn r o u t e v a r i e d w it ho u t c o n s u lti n g
B ab u r— F i r K an fi s t o m b vi s i t e d — t h ro u g h t he P a w a t -p a s s
’
i n t o D u k i — ho rs e fo o d fa il s — b a g g a g e l e ft b e h i n d — m e n
fl
o f a ll c o n di t i o n s w a lk t o G h a z n i sp e c t a c l e o f t he
A b -is t ada — m i r a g e a n d bi rd s — J a han g i r IS Bab u r s ho s t in
’
G ha z n i— he a vy fl o o d s — K ab u l re a c he d a ft e r a d i s a s t ro u s
e xp e d i t i o n o f fo u r m o n t hs - N as ir s m i s c o n d u c t a b e tt e d by
’
t w o B e g c hi k c h i e fs — he a n d t he y e e i n t o B a d a k h s han
K hu s ra u S hah s s c he m e s fa il in H e rat— i m b ro g l i o b e tw e e n
’
him a n d N as irfl S ha ib an i a t t e m p t s H i s ar b u t a b a n d o n s t he
s i e e o n h is b ro t he r s d e a t h — K h u s r a u a t t e m pt s H i s ar a n d
’
g
i t he re kill e d
s — h is fo ll o w e rs r e v o lt a g a i n s t B ab u r his -
d t h q u e n c h e s t h e fi re o f s e d i t i o n
e a 18 8 24 5
—
x ii CO NTE NTS
9 11 A H J u ne 4 t h
.
— 15 05 t o M y 24
a t h 15 06 A D — D e ath o f .
B ab u r s m o e B ab u r s i ll n e s s s t o p s a m o v e fo r Q a n d a har
’ ’
t h r —
— a n e a rt h -q u a k e c a m p a i g n a g a i n s t a n d c a pt u re o f Q a l at
i- g h ilz ai — B aqi
B e g d i s m i s s e d t o w a rd s H in d fi s t an
m u rd e re d in t he K ha ib a r— T u r k m an H a z ara ra id e d
N ijr-a fi t rib u t e c o ll e c t e d — J a han gi r m i s b e h a ve s a n d r u n s
a wa y — B ab u r s u m m o n e d by H u s a i n E d i -ya r d a g a i n s t
S ha ib an i — S ha ib an i t a k e s K hwariz m a n d C hi n S afi is
kill e d D e a t h a n d bi o g ra p hy o f H u s a i n E d i -ya r d ( 25 6 t o
—
29 2) - h is b i l n j o i n t s u c c e s s o rs
u r a a d - 24 6 -29 3
9 12 A H .
— M a y 24 t h 5
1 06 t o a M
y 1 3 t h 15 07 A D — B a b u r ,
.with o u t
of Hu i B d ga r zi s d e a t h, o b e y s h is s u m m o n s a n d
’
n e ws s a n i -
l e a ve s K bu l J a han g i r fl e e s fro m B ab u r
’
N as ir
‘
—
a s ro u t e m
d e fe a t s S h a ib a n i s
’
me n i n B ad a k h s h a n —
B ab u r w h il e in
,
K ahm d e h f H n s d e at o n ti n u e s h is m a rc h
’
a r ,
a rs o u s a i h —c
wit h a xi n o u s t h o u g h t fo r t h e T i m fi r i d dy n a s ty — J a h an g i r
wait s o n h i m a n d ac c o m p n i s h m t H e rat
a e i o — C o a lit io n
-
of K h u r a s a n M i r z a s a g a i n s t S h a ib a n i - t h e i r m e e t i n g w it h
B ab u r— e tiq u e tt e o f Bab u r s re c e pti o n — a n e n t e rt a i n m e n t
’
to hi m — o f t h e C it i n g Z z - t iz r d — B a b u r c l a i m s t h e c e r e m o n i a l
o b s e r v a n c e d u e t o h is m ilit ar y a c h i e v e m e n t s — e n t e rt a i n
m e n t s a n d B ab u r s o b e d i e n c e t o M u h a m m a d a n L a w a g a i n s t
’
w i n e — h is r e fl e c t i o n s o n t he M i rz as — d iffi c u lt ie s o f w i n t e r
pl a n s ( 3 00 3 07) he s e e s t he s i g ht s o f H e ri — vi s i t s t he
,
—
Be gi m s — t h e c e re m o n i e s o b s e r v e d —
t e ll s o f his h i t he r t o
a b s t e n t i o n fro m wi n e a n d o f h is p re s e n t i n c li n a ti o n t o d r i n k
it — Q a s i m B e g s i n t e r fe r e n c e w i t h t ho s e p re s s i n g B ab u r t o
’
‘
b re a k t he L a w B ab u r s p o o r c a rvi n g e n g a g e s M a s am a
—
’
—
in m a rr i a g e — l e a v e s fo r K ab u l - c e r t a i n r e t a i ne rs s t ay
b e hi n d -a p e ril o u s j o u rn e y t hro u g h s n o w t o a w ro n g p a s s
o u t o f t he H e ri ru d v a ll e y — a r r iv a l o f t h e p a rty in Y a k a
a ul an — i ty f t S h ib t r a v e rs e d
g jy i h f d m
o n t e r s a e a n c o o r — r - t ii
i n t o G hur b u n d T u rk m an H a z ara r a id e d N e w s re a c h e s
- — —
B ab u r o f c o n s pi r a c y in K ab u l t o p u t M i rz a K han in his
fl
pl a c e — B ab u r c o n c e r t s pl a n s w i t h t he l o y a l K ab u l g a r r i s o n
-m o v e s o n t h ro u h s n o w a n d in t e rr ibl e c o ld — a t t a c k s a n d
g
f
d e e t s t he re b e l s n a rro w ly e s c a p e d d e a t h a t t rib u t e s h is
a — —
s a fe ty t o p ra y e r— d e a l s m e r c i fu lly fro m fa m ily c o n s id e ra

,
t i o n s wi t h t he re b e l c h i e fs — re e c t s o n t he i r b e h a vi o u r t o
,
him who h a s p ro t e c t e d t he m — a s s e rt s t ha t his o n ly a im is

t o w ri t e t he t r u t h l e t t e rs -o f-vi c t o ry s e n t o u t — Mu h .
H u s a i n D n /z ld t a n d M i rz a K han b a n i s he d — Sp ri n g e x c u r
s i o n t o K o h- d am a n — N as i r d riv e n fro m B a d a k hs han t a k e s ,
,
r e fu g e w i t h B ab u r 29 4 -3 22
CO N TE N TS x iii
9 13 A H . a y 13 t -
h 15M07 t o a y 2 n d 15 0 8 A D M
—R a id o n t h e .
— — -
G h ilj i A fg han s s e p a ra ti o n o f t he F i ft h (K ka m s ) wild a s s
h u n ti n g S ha i b an i m o ve s a g a i n s t K
— h u ras anI rre s o l u ti o n
—
T im u id M z I f ti f Z - n ti n A rg /z zi n
’ ‘
o f t he fi
—
r i r a s n a t u a o n o n
S ha ib ani t a k e s H e ri — his d o i n g s t he re— D e fe a t a n d d e a t h

o f t wo B d i g — a r d s — T he A rg h an s in Q a n d a h ar m a k e o v e r
t u re s t o B a b u r — he s t a rt s t o j o i n t he m a g a i n s t S ha ib an i
m e e t s M a s am a in G h a z n o n h e r w a y t o K ab u l s p a re s
‘
i —
H in d ii s t an t ra d e rs m e e t s J a h n gi s wid o w a n d i n fa n t s o n
’
— a r -
c o m i n g fr o m H e rat
— T he A rg h an c h i e fs p ro v o k e a tt a c k o n
Q a n d a har B ab u r s a rm y o rg a n iz a ti o n a n d t e rm i n o l o g y
—
’
—
— wi n s t he b a t t l e o f Q n d a a h a r a n d e n t e rs t he fo r t - it s
s p o il s — N a ir p ut
s in c o mm a n d B ab u r re t u rn s t o K ab u l
—
‘
r i c h in g o o d s a n d f a m e — m a rr i e s M a s a m a —
S ha ib an i l a y s
i
s e ge t o Q a n d a h a r — A l a r m in K ab u l a t h is a pp ro a c h
M i rz a K han a n d S hah B e gi m b e t a k e t he m s e lv e s t o B a d a kh
B b f H d l vi bd - zz q
‘
i A
’
s h an — a u r s e t s o u t o r n fi s t an e a n g u r ra a
in K a b u l — A fg h a n h i g h w a y m e n — A r a id fo r f o o d — M a h
m i H i d pl b d d -
’
ch u c h a k s a r r a g e — n fi s t a n a n a a n o n e —
N a r g a l
a n d K an ar vi s it e d
—
N e w s o f S ha ib an i s wi t hd ra w a l fro m
’
Q an d ah ar — B ab u r re t u rn s t o K ab l g ive s G ha z n i t o N as i r
u —
— a ssu m e s t he t i t l e o f P ad s h ah — B i rt h o f H u m ay fi n fe as t ,
a n d c h ro n o g ra m . 3 23 3 4 4
9 14 AH .
— Ma y
2n d 15 08 t o A p r il 2l s t 15 9 A D — R a id o n t he 0 .
Ma hm a n d A fg han s S e d i t i o u s o ffe n d e rs re p r i e ve d
K h u s ra u S hah s fo r m e r re t a i n e rs m a rc h o ff fro m K ab u l
’
A bd ra zz aq c o m e s fro m h is d i s t r i c t t o n e a r K ab u l — n o t
’
‘
u r -
k n o w n t o h a v j i d
e o n e t he re be l s — e a r l i e r h i n t s t o B ab u r o f
“
t hi s i n c re d ibl e re b ll i
e o n— l a t e r w a rn i n g s o f an i m m e d i ate
i i
r s ng . 34 5 346
T r an sla t or
8 N ot 9 14’
9 25 A H e —
. 15 08 t o 15 19 A D
to — .
— D a t e o f c o m p o s i t i o n o f p re c e d i
n g n a r ra tiv e — L o s s o f
m a t t e r he r e s e e m s p a r tly o r w ho lly d u e t o B ab u r s d e a t h
’
S o u rc e s he lpi n g t o fil l t he G a p — E v e n t s o f t he r e m a i n d e r
o f 9 14 A H — T he m u t i n y s w i ft ly q u e ll e d — B ab u r s fi v e -fo ld
’
.
vi c t o ry o v e r ho s til e c h a m pi o n s - S a i d C /z ag ka t d z t a k e s
'
“
r e fu e wi t h him in a q u i e t K ab u l — S h ib d ’
g a an i s m u r e rs o f
C ha g ha t ai a n d D ii g hlat c h i e fs 34 7— 3 6 6
9 15 AH A p r il 2l s t 15 09 t o A p r il l i t h 15 10 A D
.
— -B eg i n n i n g .
o f h o s t ili t i e s b e tw e e n I s m a i l S af a w i a n d S h a ib an i — H a id a r
‘ '
D ag /d ef t t a k e s re fu g e wit h B ab u r .
9 16 AH .
—A pri l 11t h 15 10 t o M a rc h 3 l s t 15 11 A D - I s m a i l .
‘
d e fe a t s t he A fi z b e g s n e a r M e rv— Sh a ib an i is kill e d
x iv CO N TE N TS
M u g hal s he ha d m i g ra t e d t o Kh u ras an re t u rn t o n e a r ,
M rz a K han i n vit e s B ab u r t o j o i n h im a a i n s t
Q d i
’
fi n ii z —
g
t he A fi z b e g s — B ab u r g o e s t o Q fi n dfi z T he ~ Mu g hfi ls
p ro ffe r a ll e g i a n c e t o t he i r he re d i t a ry K h an S a i d —t he y ‘
‘ ’
p ro p o s e t o s e t B ab u r a s id e S a i d s w o rt hy rej e c ti o n o f t he
—
p ro p o s a l B ab u r m a k e s S a i d T he K han o f t he Mu g h fi ls
—
‘
a n d s e n d s h im a n d h is M u g h al s i n t o F a rg han a s ig n ifi c a n c e —
o f B ab u r s w o rd s
’
I m a d e him K han B ab u r s fi rs t a t t e m p t
,
- ’
o n H i s ar w he re w e re H a m z a a n d M a hd i A d z éeg b e g in n in g w
o f h is d i s a s t ro u s i n t e r c o u r s e wit h I s m a i l Saf a w i— I s m a i l
‘ ‘
s e n d s K han -z ad a B e g i m b a c k t o him w i t h t ha n k s fo r t he
—
c o u rt e s y B ab u r a s k s he l p a g a i n s t t h e A fi z b e g
, it is p ro m i s e d —
u n d e r d a n g e ro u s c o n d i t i o n s .
9 17 A H Ma h 3 1 t 15 1 M h 19 t h 15 12 A D B ab u r s
’
.
— r c s 1 t o a r c —
.
s e c o n d a t t m pte o n Hi s a r — wi n s t he B a t tl e o f P u l-i-s a n gi n
fl
pu ts H z n M d t o d e t
a m a a d a h i a h —
his P e rs i a n re i n fo r c e m e n t
and i t s p e il o u
r s c o t
s — T he A fi z b e g s a re s w e p t a c ro s s t he
-
Za r a fs h a n — T h e P e rs i a n s a re d i s m i s s e d fro m B u k har a
’
B ab u r o c c u pi e s S a m a rk a n d a ft e r a n i n e -y e a r s a b s e n c e he —
'
g iv e s K a b u l t o N as i'
r—
h is di
i i c u lt p o s iti o n in re l a t i o n t o
‘ ‘
t he S h I m a l l s m a i l s e n d s N aj m S an i t o b r i n g h im
‘
—
i a s i
t o o rd e r .
9 18 A H —
. M a rc h 1 9 t h 1 5 1 2 t o M a r c h 9 t h 15 1 3 A D — T he A fi z b e g s .
U b
‘
re t u rn t o t he a t t a c k — id his d e fe a t o f B ab u r a t
’
a s v o w -
K fi l-i-m a lik — B ab u r fl e e s fro m S a m a r k a n d t o H i s ar— his

p u rs u e rs re t i r e — N aj m San i fro m B a lk h g iv e s h im r e n d e z
v o u s a t T i r m i z — t he t wo m o v e fo r B u k hara N aj m p e rp e —
t ra t e s t he m a s s a c re o f Q a rs hi— B ab u r is he lpl e s s t o p re ve n t
it fl—N a j m c r o s s e s t he Za r-a fs han t o a d i s a dv a n t a g e o u s
p o s i t i o n is d e fe a t e d a n d s l a i n — B ab u r his r e s e rv e d o e s
—
, ,
n o t fi g h t — h is a b s t e n ti o n m a d e a r e p ro a c h a t t he P e rs i a n
C o u rt a g a i n s t his s o n H u m ay fi n ( 15 4 4 A D his a rr o w .
—
s p e d m e s s a e t o t he A fi z b e m p — in H i s ar he is a t t a c k d
g g c a e ,
n d fi z — t he re t r i
s u dd e n ly by M u h al s — he e s c a p e s t o
g Q fi
b u t iv e m i s fo r t u n e s o f H i s ar— H a id a r o n Mu g huls — A y ii b
B eg ckz k s d e a t h -b ed re p e n t a n c e fo r his t re a c he ry t o B ab u r
'
’
—H a
id a r re t u rn s t o h is ki n s fo l k in K ashg ha r .
9 19 A H - M a rc h 9 t h 15 13 t o F e b 26 t h 15 14 A D -B ab u r m a y
. . .
h a v e s p e n t t he y e a r in K h is h m — I s m a i l t a k e s B a lk h fro m ‘
t he A fi z b e g s — s u r m i s e d b e a r i n o f t h e c a pt u e o n h i s l a t e r
g r
a ct io n .
9 20 Feb 26 t h 15 14 t o F e b 15 t h 15 15 A D Ha id a r s
’
—
A IL . .
—
.
t o f B ab u r s m i s e ry , p a ti e n c e a n d c o u r t e s y t h i s y e a r
’
a c co u n
CO N TE N TS xv
-
in Q ii n d ii z B ab u r t
r e u rn s to K ab u l — h is d a u g ht e r Gul
is b o r n in K hw as t — he is w e l c o m e d by N as i r w ho
fl
ra n g
g o e s b a c k t o G ha z n i .
9 21 AH .
— Feb 15 t h 15 15 t o F e b 5 th 15 16 A D — D e a t h o f
. . .
N i as r—
R i o t in G ha z n i le d by S he ri m T a g hai ug /2221 M
qu ie t t d m any re b e ls K as hg ha r— S he ri m
‘
r e s o re — ee . to
re fu s e d
ha r b o u ra g e by S a i d K han
‘
a n d s e e k s B ab u r s p r o
’
H a id a r s c o m m e n t o n B ab u r be n e vo l e n c e
’ ’
t e c t io n — s .
9 22 A H —
. F e b 5 t h . 1 5 1 6 t o J a n 2 4 t h .1 5 1 7 A D — A q u i e t y ear .
in K ab u l a pp a re n t ly— B i r t h o f A s k a ri
‘
.
9 23 A H —
.
J a n 2 4 t.h 1 5 1 7 t o J a n 1 3 t h 1
.5 18 A D - B ab u r vi s it s .
B a l k h K hwan d -a m i r s a c c o u n t o f t he a ffa i rs o f M u ha m m a d
— ’
-i-z a m an M i rz a B d i — a r d B a —
b u r p u rs u e s t he M i rz a— h a s
g
h im b ro u g ht t o K ab u l iv m d M ‘
—
g e s h i hi s a u
g h t e r a s a m a i n
m a rr i a g e — A n e xp e d iti o n t o Q a n d a h ar re t u rn s fru i t l e s s o n ,
a c c o u n t o f h is ill n e s s S h ah B e g s vi e w s o n B ab u r s p e r ’ ’
—
s i s t e n t a t t e m p t s o n Q a n d a h ar— S hah B e g s i m p r i s o n m e n t ’
a n d r e l e a s e by h is s l a v e S a m b a l s m e a n s
’
.
- 5 d 5 Sh B
3 h J h
’
9 24 A H .
J a n 1 t. 1 1 8 t o a n 3 r 1. 1 9 A D - a e g s s o n .
H a s a n fl e e s t o B ab u r— s t a y s t wo y e a rs d a t e o f his re t u rn —
t o h is fa t h e r — B ab u r b e g i n s a c a m p a i g n in Baja u r a g a i n s t
Ha id a - -
r i a i B j
l a
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r e s o lv e s t o re n o u n c e wi n e d e t a i l s o f t he d e s t r u c t i o n o f
—
wi n e a n d p re c i o u s v e s s e l s a n d o f t he b u ild i n g o f a c o m
,
m e m o ra t iv e w e l l a n d a l m s h o u s e h is o a t h t o re m i t a t a x
- —
if vi c t o r i o u s is re c a ll e d t o him he r e m i t s t he t ax i ng /zei
—
S ha ik h Z a i n w r it e s t he f a r m a m a n n o u n c i n g t he t wo a c t s
’
C o py o f t he f a r m d rz — G re a t fe a r in B ab u r s a r m y — he
’
a d j u re s t he G h az i s pi r i t in h is m e n w ho v o w t o s t a n d fa s t
h is p e r il o u s p o s iti o n —
h e m o v e s fo r w a rd in c o n s id e r a bl e
a rr ya — h
is c a m p is l a id o u t a n d p r o t e c t e d by d it c h a n d
car s t A n o m e n is t a k e n a n d g iv e s ho p e K ha l i fa a dvi s i n g
— —
,
t he c a m p is m o v e d — VV hile t e n t s w e re b e i n g se t u p t he ,
CO N TE N TS x x i
e ne m y a pp e a rs T he b a ttl e a n d vi c t o ry o f K an w d e s c r ib e d
— —
a
in a c o py o f t he L e tt e r -o f-vi c t o ry B ab u r i n s e r t s t h i s b e c a u s e
—
o f it s fu ll p a r ti c u l a rs ( pp . 5 5 9 t o 5 74 ) a s s u m e s t he t itl e o f
—
G hazi C h ro n o g ra m s o f t he vi c t o ry a n d a l s o o f t ha t in
—
D b l p fi r ( 9 3 0 A H ) p u r s u i t o f t he fu g i t iv e fo e e s c a p e o f
i a — —
.
S n g a t he fa l s e ly -a u g u r i n g a s t ro l o g e r b a n i s he d wi t h a g i ft
a —
-a s m a l l re v o l t c ru s h e d —
a pill r o f h e a d s s e t u p
a —
B ab u r
Vi s it s B i an a — L ittl e w a t e r a n d m u c h he a t s e t a s id e pl a n t o
i n v a d e S a n g a s t e rr it o ry B ab u r vi s it s Mi w at g iv e s o m e
’
— —
h i s t o r i c a l a c c o u n t o f it —
C o m m a n d e rs r e w a rd e d —
A l w ar
vi s it e d H u m ay f m a n d o t he rs a ll o w e d t o l e a v e H in d ii s t an
—
— D e s p a t c h o f t he L e tt e r-o f-vi c t o ry —
Va r i o u s e x c u rs i o n s
H u m ay fi n bidd e n fa re w e l l C ha n dw ar a n d R ap ri re c o v e re d
—
-A pp o r ti o n m e n t o f fi e fs B i b a ri fl e e s b e fo re B ab u r s m e n
— ’
D i s p e rs i o n o f t rO O p s fo r t he R a i n s Mis c o n du c t o f H u m ay ii n
—
‘
a n d B ab u r s g r i e f E m b a s s y t o I r aq T a r d i B e g k/z d/es d r
’
— —
a ll o w e d t o r e t u rn t o t he d a r w e s h li fe B ab u r s l i n e s t o
’
- —
d e p a r ti n g fr i e n d s T he R a m g an -fe a s t
—
P l ayi n g -c a rd s
B ab u r il l ( s e e m i n g ly w it h fe v e r ) vi s i t s D fi lp ii r a n d o rd e rs
—
a h o u s e e x c a v a t e d —
vi s i t s B ar i a n d s e e s t h e e b o n y -t re e
h a s d o u bt o f B ay a zi d F a r m zi li s l o y a lty h is re m e d i a l a n d
’
—
m e t r i c a l e x e rc i s e s h is T r e a t i s e o n P ro s o dy c o m p o s e d
—
a r e l a p s e o f ill n e s s s t a rt s o n a n e x c u rs i o n t o K i I l a n d
—
‘
S a m ba l 5 36 — 5 8 6
AH .
—
S e p 27t h 15 27 t o S e p 15 t h 15 28 A D
. . .
—
B ab u r vi s it s
K 6 ] a n d S a m b a l a n d re t u r n s t o A g ra h a s fe v e r a n d a g u e
—
i n t e rm i t t e n tly fo r 20 25 d a y s g o e s o u t t o w e l c o m e ki n s
— —
wo m e n a l a rg e m o rt a r b u rs t wi t h f —
l re s u lt he vi s i t s
W
— s a t a
S i k ri s t a rt s fo r H o ly
—
a r a g a i n s t C h a n di ri s e n d s t ro o p s
—
aga i n s t B ay a zi d F a r m fi lz i n c id e n t s o f t he m a rc h t o
‘
C ha n di ri a c c o u n t o K
—
f a c h w a —
a c c o u n t o f C h a n di ri — it s
i — M e a n t i m e b a d n e w s a rr iv e s fro m t he E a s t — B ab u r
s e ge
k e e pi n g t h i s q u i e t a c c o m pl i s he s t he w o r k in ha n d — C ha n di ri
,
t a ke n c h a n g e o f pl a n s e n fo r c e d by d e fe a t in t he E a s t
u
r e t u r n n o rt h w a r d s
—
F u r t he r l o s s e s in t he E a s t R e b e l s t a k e
—
p o s t t o d i s p u t e B ab u r s p a s s a g e o f t he G a n g e s he o rd e rs
’
—
a p o n t o o n b r id g e
- —
h is a r t ill e ry is u s e d w it h e ffe c t , t he b r id g e
fi n i s he d a n d c r o s s e d a n d t he A fg h n s w o rs t e d T u kht a
a —
b ii g h a C /z ag ka t d z a rr iv e s fro m K as h g a r B ab u r vi s it s
’
h — r e i n fo r c e s C hi n -t i m ar
L a k hn a u — s u ffe rs f ro m e a r a - c e
a g a i n s t t he re be l s C hi n -t i m ii r g e t s t he b e tt e r o f B ay a z i d
—
F a r m fi Zi — B b
a u r s e t tl e s t he a ffa i r s o f A ad ( O u d e ) a n d pl a n s
t o hu n t n e a r 5 8 7 6 02
—
x x ii CO N TE N TS
T r a n s l a t o r s N o t e ( p a rt o f 9 3 4 A H ) O h t he cz r -
’
’
. .
ha l f y e a r s m i s s i n g m a t t e r k n o w n e v e n t s o f t he G a p
- -
’
Co n t in ued c a m p i g g i t B b a n a n d B ay a zi d B ab u r a t
a n a a n s i —
J fi n p ar, C h u sa a a n d B a k s a r a— s wi m s t he G a n g e s b e s t o w s
—
S a ran o n a P a r m a l i —
o r d e rs a C har b ag h m a d e is i ll fo r
- —
4 0 d a y s is i n fe r re d t o h a v e vi s it e d D alp fi r, r e c a ll e d A s k a ri
— ‘
fro m M u lt an , s e n t K hw D o s t -i-k haw a n d t o K ab u l o n fa m ily

.
a ffa i rs w h ic h w e r e c a u s i g him m u c h c o n c e rn R e m a rk s o n
n —
t he G a p a n d, i n c id e n t a l ly , o n t he R am p fi r D i w an a n d v e rs e s
in it s u i t i n g B ab u r s il l n e s s e s o f 9 3 4 A H
’
.
of
’
[En d Tr a n sl a t or s N at a ]
AH . Se p 15 t h 15 28 t o S e p 5 t h 15 29 A D
. A s k a ri I e a c he s
. .
— ‘
Ag r a fro m M u lt an K h wan d a m i r a n d o t he rs a r r iv e fr o m
—
K hu ras an B ab u r p re p a re s t o vi s it G u ali ar bid s fa re w e l l

— —
t o k i n s wo m e n w ho a re re t u r n i n g t o K ab u l —
m a r c he s o u t
is g iv e n a n u n s a v o u ry m e d i c a m e n t i n s p e c t s c o n s t ru c ti o n
—
w o r k in D II lp fi r re a c he s G fi ali ar D e s c r i p t i o n o f G fi al i ar
—
‘
( p . 6 0 7 t o p 6 1 4 ) .r e t u
—
r n s t o D fi lp fi r
—
s u ffe_r s fr o m e a r -a c he
i n s p e c t s w o r k in S i k ri a n d r e a c he s A g ra —
vi s it a n d
w e l c o m e s t o ki n s w o m e n s e n d s a n e n v o y t o t a k e c ha rg e o f
—
fl
R a n t a n b h fi r m a k e s a l e vy o n s t ip e n di a r i e s s e n d s l e t t e rs
— —
t o ki n s fo lk in K hu r as an —
N e w s a rr iv e s o f K am ran a n d
D o s t -i-k haw a n d in K ab u l o f T a hm as p Saf a w i s d e fe a t a t
— ’
J a m o f U b
‘
a id u l lah A s éeg
- ’
~ o f t h e bi rt h o f a s o n t o
H u m ay fi n a n d o f a m a rr i a g e by K am ran he r e w a rd s a n
, ‘
—
a r t ifi c e r is s t ro n g ly a t t a c k e d by fe v e r fo r h is he a li n g
W
— —
' '
t ra n s l a t e s A h rari s cil z d zj/y a k-r z s zi/a a c c o u n t o f t he t a s k

’
—
—T r0 0 p s w a r n e d fo r s e rvi c e— A l o n -d e t a i n e d m e s s e n e r
g g
re t u r n s fro m H u m ay ii n — A c c r e d i t e d m e s s e n g e rs -o f-g o o d
tid i n g s b ri n g t he n e w s o f H u m ay t m s s o n s bi rt h a n i n s t a n c e ’ ’
'
—
o f r a pid t ra v e l F u rt he r p a rti c u l a rs o f t he B a ttl e o f J am

—
L e tt e rs w r itt e n a n d s u m m a r ize d C op y of on e t o
H u m ay fi n i n s e r t e d h e r e Pl a n s fo r a n e a s t e r n c a m
—
i d k y l i i i iv h i m O d
‘
a
p g n u n e r A s a ri —
r o a n s g n a g e n t o —
r e r s
fo r t he m e a s u re m e n t s t a ti o n s a n d u p k e e p o f t he A g ra
,
-
K ab u l ro a d t he Mu bz n q u o t e d A fe a s t d e s c r ib e s A s k a ri
— — ‘
’
bid s h is F a t he r fa r e we ll B ab u r vi s i t s D fi lp fi r a n d i n s p e c t s
—
his c o n s t ru c t i o n s— P e rs i a n a c c o u n t o f t he B a ttl e o f J am
B ab u r d e c id e s c o n ti n g e n tly t o g o t o t he E a s t Ba lfi c hi —
i i n s N e w s re a c he s D II lp II r o f t he l o s s o f B ih ar ( t o w n )
'
—
‘
n c u rs o
a n d d e c id e s B ab u r t o N e w s o f H u m ay fi n s a c ti o n
’
o E ast
—
g
in B a d a k h s han B ab u r s t a r t s fro m A g ra h o n o u re d a rr iv a l s
— —
in t he a s s e m bly -c a m p i n c id e n t s o f t he m a rc h c o n g ra t u l a
— —
CO N TE N TS x x iii
ti o n s a n d g i ft s s e n t t o K am ran H u m ay fi n a n d o t he rs a l s o
,
—
s p e c i m e n s o f t he B ab u ri - s c r ipt a n d c o pi e s o f t he t ra n s l a ti o n
W
,
dl z dzjy a /z -r zlrdla a n d t he H in d ii s t an P o e m s
’
o f t he /
-
c o m m e n d s h is b u ild i n g w o r k t o h is w o r k m e n
—
m akes a n e w
r u l e r fo r t he b e t t e r c o pyi n g o f t he -r zkdl a t ra n s la
t io n —
l e t t e rs wr i t t e n C o p y o f o n e t o K h w aja K a l an
—
in s er t e d h e r e —
C o m pl a i n t s f r o m K i t i n -q a ra A d z be
g o f
B ab u r s b e g s o n t he B a lk h fro n ti e r B ab u r s h a v e s his h e a d
’
—
—
M ahi m u s i n g his s t yl e o rd e rs he r o wn e s c o rt fro m K ab u l
_ ,
t o A g ra —
B ab u r w a t c he s w re s t li n g l e a v e s t he J u m n a
—
,
d i s e m b a rk s h is g u n s a n d g o e s a c ro s s c o u n t ry t o D u g d u gi
,
t ra v e l s by l itt e r A s k a ri a n d o t h e r C o m
‘
o n t he G a n g e s
— —
m a n d e rs m e e t h im —
N e w s o f B i b a n B ay a zi d a n d o t he r
,
A ghf a n s —
L e t t e rs d e s p a t c he d t o m e e t
-B ab u r s e n d s a c o py o f h is w r it in
w a t c he s w re s t li n g he a rs n e w s o f t h
—
s u r m i s e d s u r viv a l o f r e c o r d d i s pl a c e d
-
o f a r iv e r b a n k u d e r h is h o rs e
n —
s wi m s
t he J u m n a a t A ll a hab ad ( P i a g
w re s tli n g w a t c he d t he e vil T
—
—a R am i r e m e dy a ppli e d - a
-
s e n d s m o n e y d ra t s t o t he t r a v e l l e r s fr o m
f K ab u l vi s i t s
—
pl a c e s o n t he G a n g e s he ha d s e e n l a s t y e a r re c e ive s v a r i o u s
—
l e tt e rs b e l o w G haz p iir h a s n e w s t ha t t he L a di e s a re
i —
a c t u a lly o n t h e i r w y f K ab u l l a s t y e a r s e c lip s e
’
ro m
a —
'
r e c a ll e d — H i n d u d d o t he K a r m n as a r ive r w re s tli n g
r e a f a- —
—
w a t c he d R am i re m e dy fo r b o il s u s e d a g a i n wit h m u c h
-f
d i s c o m fo r t a l l o f l as t y e a r s l a n d i n g -s t e p s a t B a ks a ra
’
w r e s t li n g —
N e g o c ia t io n s wi t h a n e n v o y o f N a s ra t S hah o f
B e n g l E x i ti o n i n M u m m a d i z am a n s o bj e c ti o n s
a —
a m n a t o h a - -
’
to a B i h a r a pp o i t
n m en t — d e s p a t c h o f t ro o p s t o B i har ( t o w n )
M u h a m m a d -i-z a m an s u b m i t s re q u e s t s w h i c h a re g ra n t e d
a s m a l l s u c c e s s a g a i n s t A fg h an s —
R o y a l i n s i g n i a g iv e n t o
M u h a m m a d -i-z a m an w ith l e a v e t o s t a r t fo r B i har B ab u r s
,
— ’
b o a t s N e w s o f t he B e n g a l a rm y — M u ham m a d -i-z am a n
—
r e c a ll e d b e c a u s e fi g hti n g w a s p ro b a bl e D ad a B i bi a n d he r
—
s o n J a l al e s c a p e f ro m B e n g a l t o c o m e t o B ab u r F u r t he r
—
d i s c u s s i o n s w i t h t he B e n g a l e n v o y F a v o u ra bl e n e w s fro m
—
B i har B ab u r in A rr a h P o s i t i o n o f t he B e n g a l a rm y n e a r
- —
t he c o n fl u e n c e o f G a n g a n d S ar a ( G a u g e s a n d G o gra)
B abu r m a ki n g fu rt he r e ffo rt fo r p e a c e s e n d s a n e n v o y t o
,
N a t S hah g iv e s N a s ra t s e n v o y l e a v e t o g o c o n v e yi n g
s r a — ’
a n u l t i m atu m —
A rr iv a l o f a s e rv a n t fr o m M ahi m w e s t o f
a -
t he B g h i a fa B ab u r vi s i t
-s —
s -
l o t u s b e d s n e a r A rr h a l s o
a —
x x iv CO N TE N TS
M u nir and t he So n —
i s t a n c e m e a s u re d by c o u n ti n g a
D
ho rs e s p a c e s c a r e fo r ti r e d h o rs e s B ab u r a n g e re d by
—
’
—
J u n a id B a r lds b e l a t e d a rr iv a l
’
—
C o n s u lt a ti o n a n d pl a n s
m a d e fo r t h e c o m i n g b a t t l e t he G a n g e s c ro s s e d ( by t he
—
B u rh -g a n g a c ha n n e l ) a n d m o v e m a d e t o n e a r t he c o n fl u e n c e
B ab u r w a t c he s A li -q u li s s t o n e -d i s c ha rg e
‘ ’
his b o a t
e n t e re d by n i g h t
—
B a t t l e a n d vi c t o ry o f t he G o g ra B a b u r —
p ra i s e s a n d t ha n k s h is C ha g h a t ai c o u s i n s fo r t he i r g re a t
s e r vi c e s — c r o s s e s i n t o t h e N ir h u n p g
a r a n a —
h is fa v o u rs t o
a F a r m fi li
—
N e w s o f B i b a n a n d B ay a z i d a n d o f t he St ra n g e —
d e a t hs in S a m b a l C hi n -t i m ii r s e n d s n e w s fro m t he w e s t o f
—
i n c o n ve n i e n c e s c a u s e d by t he L a d i e s d e l a y t o l e a v e K ab u l
’
—a n d o f s u c c e s s a a i n s t t h e B a l u c hi — h e is o rd e re d t o
g
Ag r a — S e t t l e m e n t m a d e wi t h t h e N u h a n i A fg h an s — P e a c e
m a d e wi t h N a s ra t S h a h — S u b m i s s i o n s a n d v a ri o u s g u e r d o n
—B i b a n a n d B ay a zi d p u rs u e d — B ab u r s p a p e r
s d a m a g e d in
’
a s t o rm N e w s o f t he re b e l p a i r a s t a ki n g L u kn fi r ( P)
—
fl
’
D i s p o s i t i o n o f B ab u r s b o a t s m o v e a l o n g t he S ar a (a
— —
s u r m i s e d s u r viv a l o f t h e r e c o rd o f 9 3 4 A H ) A cc oun t o f
—
.
t he c a pt u re o f L u kn fi r ( P) - D i s p o s iti o n s a g a i n s t t he re b e l
p a i n fi s h c a u g h t by he l p o f a l a m p i n c id e n t s o f t he m a rc h
— —
-
t o A d a m p ii r o n t he J u m n a B i b a n a n d B ay a zi d e e t o
Ma hu b a E a s t e rn C a m p a i g n w o u n d u p B ab u r 3 r a pid r id e
fl — ’
t o Ag r a ( p 6 8 6 ) vi s it s ki n s w o m e n is pl e a s e d w i t h I n di a n
.
— —
w u it s M h m a r r iv e s h e r g i ft s a n d H u m ay u n s s e t
’
g r o n fr
—
a i —
b e fo re B ab u r p o rt e rs s e n t o ff f o r K ab u l t o fe t c h fru i t s
—
A c c o u n t o f t he d e a t h s in S a m b a l b ro u g ht in s e d iti o n in —
L aho r — w re s t l i n g w a t c he d s e d iti o n o f R a hi m -dad in

—
G fi ali ar M a hd i K hw aj a c o m e s t o A g ra
-
6 05 6 8 9 —
AH . Se p 5 t h 15 29 t o A u g
—
. 2 5 t h 15 3 0 A D — S ha ik h G ha u s
. .
c o m e s fr o m G fi ali ar t o i n t e r c e d e fo r R a hi m d ad
- —
G fi ali ar
t aken o ve r 690
T r an sl at or s N ot e ’
9 3 6 a n ,
d 9 3 7 H
— A —
15 29 a n d .
5 3
1 0 AD — S o u rc e s fro m w h i c h t o fi l l t he G a p d o w n t o
.
B ab u r s d e a t h ( D e c e m b e r 26 t h 15 3 0) H u m ay 11n s p ro
"
’
— ’
c e e d in g s in B a d a kh s h an H a id a r D fig kldt s n a rra t ive o f

w
’
t he m — H u m ay fi n d e s e rt s h is p o s t , g o e s t o K ab u l , a n d ,
a rra n g i n
g wit h K a m r an ,
s e n d s H i n d -al t o B a d a k h s h an
g o e s o n t o A g ra a n d t h e r e a r r iv e s u n e xp e c t e d by h is
F a t he r a s he is u n willi n g t o re t u r n , S u l a i m an Mi n i n
—
s kd/z z is a pp o i n t e d u n d e r B ab u r s s u z e ra i n ty S a i d K han
’
’ ‘
—
is w a rn e d t o l e a v e S u l a i m an in p o s s e s s i o n
— B ab u r m o v e s
w e tw a rd t o s u pp o r t him a n d vi s it s L aho r w a it e d o n in
s —
CO N TE N TS
T O n L : kn fi ( L a k hn a u ) a n d L : km 1r ( L a khn u r zie S ha h ab ad
’
. .
in Kam p ar) .
U T he I n s c r ipti o n s in B ab u r s M o s q u e a t Aj o d hy a ( O u d e )
’
. .
V Bab u r s G a rd e n s in a n d n e a r K ab u l
’
. .
i n d i ce s —
I . P e rs o n a l I I G e o g ra p h i c a l I I I G e n e ra l p 7 17
, .
, .
, .
c t s eq .
O m i s s i o n s C o rr i g e n d a
, , A d di t i o n a l N o te s .
L I ST OF I L L U STR A TI O N S .
Pl a n e t re e A v e n u e in B a b u r s ( l a t e r) B u r i a l ’
a rd e n a cing p x xvi i
f
I
g .
V i e w fro m a b o v e his g r a v e a n d S ha h j a h a n s
’
-
19 1
M o s qu e
H is G ra v e 2
f a cin
g p 4 4 5 .
B a b u r in P ra y e r 3 .
f a c i n
g p 7 02 .
H is S i g n a t u re A p p Q l xi
P l a n s o f C ha n d iri a nd Gu a lia r
,
.
A p p R l xvi i
.
,
1
F ro m k
A t in so n s S ket c /z cr in Af gb a m s t a n ( I O Lib
’
’
. . .
2
S ee p 7 10 ( wh e r e fo r
. a n ie s r eaD l
A t kin s o n ) d
3 S ee bd ’
G u l a a n B eg im s H u m ay w z -n a m a n e
-
, I d x III
i n loco .
PRE FA C E .
O S pig
r n of wo r k O So u r c e of po we r t o Be
Ea ch l i n e, e a ch t ho u h t g I d di e ca t e to T he e
E a c h t im e I fa i l , t he f a i l i my ow
u re s n,
B ut e a c h s u c ces s , a j e we l i T hy Th e n ro n .
J E SSIE E C A D E I I . . . .
I N TR O D U C T O RY .
T H I S bo o k is t r a n s l a t i o n o f B a b u r P a d s h a h s A u t o bi o g ra p hy m a d e
a
’
fr o m t he o ri g i n a l T u r k i t e xt It wa s u n d e rt a k e n a ft e r a p u re ly
.
T u rk i m a n u s c rip t ha d b e c o m e a c c e s s ibl e in E n g l a n d t he H a id a ra b a d ,
' '
Co d e x w h i c h b e i n g in B a b u r s zj
, as z s s z m a v er ba l e ft t o h im
’
t he c o n t ro l o f his t ra n s l a t o r s d i c t i o n c o n t ro l t ha t ha d b e e n
’
a
i m p ra c ti c a bl e fr o m t he ti m e w he n u n d e r A kb a r , h is b o o k w a s
t ra n s l a t e d i n t o P e r s i a n W h a t h a s c o m e d o w n t o u s o f p u re t e x t is
.
,
‘
in it s s h r u n k e n a m o u n t w h a t w a s t r a n s l a t e d in 15 8 9
,
I t is d i ffi c u l t .
,
he re a n d t h e re t o i n t e r p re t o w i n g t o it s n u m e ro u s a n d in s o m e pl a c e s
,
e x t e n s iv e l a cu n a e a n d p re s e n t s m o re p ro bl e m s t h a n o n e t he s o l u t i o n
,
o f w h i c h h a s r e a l i m p o r t a n c e b e c a u s e t he y h a v e fa v o u r e d s u g g e s t i o n s
o f m a l fe a s a n c e by B a b u r .
My t ra n s l a t i o n h a s b e e n p ro d u c e d u n d e r c o n s id e ra bl e d r a wb a c k ,
h a vi n g be e n i s s u e d in fo u r a t l o n g i n t e r v a l s re s p e c t iv e ly In ,
u n e 19 12 Ma y 19 14 O c t o b e r 19 17 a n d S e p t e m b e r 19 21 I h ave p u t
J , , ,
.
wit h i t o f s u ppl e m e n t a ry m a t t e r w ha t m a y b e o f s e rvi c e t o t ho s e

r e a d e r s w h o m B a b u r s p e rs o n a li t y a t t ra c t s a n d t o t h o s e w h o s t u dy
’
T u rki a s a li n g u i s t i c e n t e r t a i n m e n t b u t o w i n g t o d e l a y s i n p ro d u c t i o n
,
a m u n a bl e t o i n c l u d e t he a es z a er a t a o f m a p s
’ ’
’
C H A PT E R L
B A B U R S E XE
’
M P LAR S IN T H E A RT S OF P EA C E .
B ab u r
’
s c ivi li a n a p t i t u d e s w he t he r o f t he a u t ho r a n d p e n m a n t he
, ,
m a k e r o f g a r d e n s t he a r ti s t c r a ft s m a n o r s p o r t s m a n w e re n o u r i s he d
, , ,
in a fe r t il e s o il o f fa m ily t r a d i t i o n a n d e x a m pl e L i t t l e a b o u t h is .
t e a c h i n g a n d t ra i n i n g is n o w wi t h his m u t il a t e d b o o k l i t t l e i n d e e d o f ,
x xv iii P R EF A CE
a ny k i n d a b o u t h is p i y e a rs n o t t he d a t e o f his bi rt h
-
ra a c c e s s o n ,
e ve n h a vi n g e s c a p e d de s t r u c t io n
,
H a ppily H a id a r M i rz a ( 9 7L )
.
I
.
p o s s e s s e d a m o re c o m pl e t e C o d e x t ha n ha s c o m e d o w n t o u s t hro u g h
t he Ti m u r id l ib r a r i e s a n d fr o m it he t r a n s l a t e d m a n y e pi s o d e s o f
,
B a b u ria n a t h a t he l p t o b r id g e g a p s a n d a re o f s p e c i a l s e rvi c e he re
w he re t he p e rs o n a l i t i e s o f B ab u r s e a rly e n vi ro n m e n t a re b e i n g ’
n a m ed .
B a b u r s ho m e m ili e u fa v o u re d e x c e l l e n c e in t he q u i e t A r t s a n d
’
-
s e t b e fo r e it s c h ild re n h i h s t a n d a r d a n d e x a m pl e o f p ro fi c i e n c y
g .
M o re o v e r by s c ho o l i n g h im in o be d i e n c e t o t he L a w it pl a n t e d
, ,
in h m i s o m e o f A r t s e s s e ti l
n a s s e l f re s t ra i n t
- and ,
c l o s e a t te n t i o n .
-
Am t p i l i fl h h t h Q l k d ’
o n
g s r m a n u e n c e s o n i m i s m o e r u t u q
- n
,
ig a r s ra n e
i
h gh ; s h e w e l l -b o rn a n d a s c ho l a r s d a u g ht e r w o u ld c e rt a i n ly b e ’
, ,
d
e uc a t e d in T u r k i a n d P e rs i a n a n d in t h e h o m e -a c c o m pli s h m e n t s
he r g o v e r n e s s p o s s e s s e d ( d am F ro m he r a n d he r m o t he r
A i s a n -d a u l a t t he c h ild wo u ld l e a rn re s p e c t fo r t he a tt a i n m e n t s o f his
,
wi s e o ld g ra n d fa t he r Y u n a s K ha n A i s a n -d a u l a t he rs e l f b ro u g ht t o .
h e r g r a n d s o n m u c h t h a t g o e s t o t he m a k i n g o f a m a n n o m a d -b o rn
a n d s t e r n ly b re d S h e w a s b r a v e t o o b e y h e r o pi n i o n o f r i g h t a n d w a s
-
, ,
p r a c ti c a l ly t he b o y s ru l i n g c o u n s e ll o r t hro u g h h is e a rly s t ru g g l e t o
’
h o ld F a rg ha n a Wi t h t he s e t w o in fi n e i n fl u e n c e m u s t b e c o u n t e d
.
K h a n -z a d a his fi v e -y e a rs e ld e r S i s t e r who fro m h is bi rt h t o his d e a t h

,
p ro v e d he r d e v o t i o n t o him H e r l i fe -s t o ry t e m pt s b u t is t o o l o n g t o
.
,
t e ll h e r g i r l i s h p ro m i s e is se e n fu l fill e d in G u l-b a d a n s p a g e s Um ar ’
.
‘
S ha ik h s o w n m o t he r S ha h S u lt a n B e g i m b ro u ght in a t yp e o f m e rit
’
w e id ly d i i
ffe r n g fro m h a t o f A t i s a n -d a u l a t B e g i m a s a t o w n -l a dy o f
h i g h T a r k h a n bi rt h u s e d t o t he a m e n iti e s o f l i fe in a w e a lt hy h o u s e
,
“
o f S a m a rk a n d s he wa s d o u b t l e s s a n a c c o m pl i s he d a n d c u lt u r e d
, , ,
wo m a n .
‘
vi ro n m e n t w a s d o m i n a t e d fo r m a n y y e a rs by
U m a r S ha ik h s ’
en
t w o g r e a t m e n t h e s c h o l a r a n d l o v e r o f t o
,
w n -l i fe Y u n a s K h a n a nd
t he s a i n tly A h ra r i K hw a j a U b a id u l-la h) who w e re fre q u e n t ly ‘ ’
wi t h him in c o in p a n y c a m e a t B a b u r s bi rt h a n d a s s i s t e d a t h is,
’
II L E MS MU T I L AT E D A B U R -N A MA '
1
Cf . C ap .
, P RO B OF THE B and T a r i k/z -z
t rs . p . 174 .
P RE F A CE x mx
fl
n am ng i . d i e d in 8 9 5
A h ra r i 1 w he n t he c h ild w a s a b o u t s e v e n
— 14 9
y e a r s o ld b u t his i n fl u e n c e w a s l i fe -l o n g in 9 3 5 15 29 he w a s i n v o k e d —
a s a s pi r it u a l h e lp e r by t he fe v e r -s t r i c k e n B a b u r a n d h is m e d i a ti o n
b e l i e ve d e i c a c io u s fo r re c o ve ry ( pp 6 19 F o r t he b a b e o r b o y
.
,
t o b e w he re t he t hre e fr i e n d s he ld s o c i a l s e s s i o n in h i g h c o n v e rs e ,
w o u ld b e t h o u g h t t o d ra w bl e s s i n g o n him ; h is hu s he d S il e n c e in
t he p re s e n c e w o u ld s o w t he s e e d o f r e v e re n c e fo r wi s d o m a n d vi r t u e ,
s u c h fo r e x a m pl e a s he fe lt fo r J a m i
, , It is w o r t h w h il e t o t e ll
s o m e p a r t a t l e a s t o f Y u n a s a t t a i n m e n t s in t he g e n tl e r A r t s b e c a u s e
’
t he bi o g ra p hy fro m w h i c h t he y a re q u o t e d m a y w e l l ha v e b e e n w r itt e n
o n t he i n fo r m a ti o n o f his wi fe A i s a n -d a u l a t a n d it i n d i c a t e s t he ,
b re a dt h o f his e x e m pl a ry i n fl u e n c e Y u n a s wa s m a n y t h i n g s .
p e n m a n p a i n t e r S i n g e r i n s t ru m e n t a l i s t a n d a p a s t m a s t e r in t he
, , , ,
c ra ft s . H e w a s a n e xp e r t in g o o d c o m p a n i o n s h ip ha vi n g e v e n ,
t e m p e r a n d p e r fe c t m a n n e rs q u i c k p e rc e p t i o n a n d c o n v e rs a ti o n a l
,
c ha r m H is i n t e ll e c t u a l d i s ti n c ti o n w a s a t t r ib u t e d t o h is t w e lv e
.
y e a rs o f w a rd s hip u n d e r t he l e a rn e d a n d h i g h ly ho n o u r e d Y a zd i
( S h d -d in A li
) th [Ti B k
’ ’
f h f h Z f -n a m a m
’
a r a u t e a u o r ,
o t e a a r u r s o o
o f Vi c t o ry ] T ha t b o o k w a s in h a n d d u r i n g fo u r y e a rs o f Y u n a s ’
.
e d u c a ti o n ; he w il l t h u s h a v e k n o w n it a n d it s m a i n b a s i s Ti m u r s
’
T u rk i Ma l/ zi z at ( a n n a l s ) W ha t he l e a r n e d o f e it he r b o o k he w o u ld
‘
c a rry w it h h im i n t o U m a r S ha ik h s e n vi ro n m e n t t hu s m a g n i fyi n g
‘ ’
t he fa m ily s t o c k o f T im u riy a i n fl u e n c e H e l ive d t o b e s o m e 74 y e a rs .
o ld a l e n g t h o f d a y s w h i c h fa i r ly b r id g e d t he g a p b e tw e e n Ti m u r s
’
d e a t h [8 07 14 04 ] a n d Ba b u r s bi rt h ( 8 8 8
—
It is s a id t h a t n o
’
p re vi o u s K ha n o f h is ( C ha g ha t a i) l i n e ha d s u rvive d h is 4 ot h y e a r ;
h is e x c e p t i o n a l a g e e a rn e d h im g re a t re s p e c t a n d w o u ld d e e p e n h is
i n fl u e n c e o n his r e s t l e s s y o u n g s o n -in -la w U m a r S ha ik h It a pp e a rs ‘
.
t o h a v e b e e n in U m a r s 2ot h y e a r t h a t Y u n a s K h a n b e g a n t he
‘ ’
’
fri e n dly a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h h im t h a t l a s t e d t ill Y u n a s d e a t h ( 8 9 2
a fr i e n d s h ip w h i c h a s d i s p a r a t e a g e s w o u ld d i c t a t e
,
w a s r a t he r t h a t ,
o f fa t he r and so n t ha n o f e q u a l c o m p a n i o n s h ip O n e m a tt e r .
m e n t i o n e d in t he K han s bi o g ra p hy w o u ld c o m e t o B a b u r s
’ ’
r e m e m b ra n c e in t he fu t u re d a y s w he n he l ik e Y u n a s b ro k e t he L a w , ,
a g a i n s t i n t o xi c a n t s a n d l ik e h im re p e n t e d a n d re t u r n e d
, ,
.
x x x P R E F A CE
T ha t t wo m e n o f t he c a l ib re a n d h i g h re p u t e o f A hra r i a n d Y u n a s
‘
m a i n t a i n e d fr i e n d ly g u id a n c e s o l o n g o v e r U m a r c a n n o t b u t b e he l d
a n a c c r e d it m e n t a n d g iv e fra g r a n c e o f g o o d n e s s t o h is n a m e A p a rt .
fr o m t he h i g h j u s ti c e a n d g e n e ro s ity his s o n a s c r ib e s t o him he c o u ld ,
s e t o t he r e x a m pl e fo r h e w a s a r e a d e r o f g re a t bo
, o k s t he Q o ra n a n d
,
t he Ma m a w z b e i n g a m o n g s t h is fa v o u r i t e s
'
. T hi s c ho i c e it m a y b e , ,
le d A b u l -f
’
a zl t o s a h e h a d t h e d a rw e s h - m i n d B b u r w a s o ld
y . a
e n o u g h b e fo re U m a r s d e a t h t o p ro fit by t he S i g h t o f his fa t he r
‘ ’
e n j o yi n g t h e p e r u s a l o f s u c h b o o k s . A S wi t h o t he r p a re n t s a n d o t he r
c h ild re n t he re w o u ld fo l l o w t h e h a ppy s til li n g t o a q u i e t m o o d t h e
, ,
piq u i n g o f c u r1o s it y a s t o w ha t w a s in t he b o o k t he s i g h t o f re fu g e,
t a k e n a s in a h a v e n fro m s e l f a n d c a re a n d p e rha p s B a b u r b e i n g
, ,
i n t e ll i g e n t a n d o f i n q u i r i n g m i n d a n d U m a r a s kill e d re c it e r t he
‘
b o y w o u ld m a rv e l a t t he p e re n n i a l m i ra c l e t ha t a l i fe l e s s p a g e c a n
b e c o m e e l o q u e n t — g e n tl e h i n t s a ll p o i n t e rs o f t he w a y t o l it e ra ry
,
c re a t i o n .
F e w w ho a re a t ho m e in B a b u ria n a b u t w ill t a k e Ti m u r a s B a b u r s
’
r e a t e x e m pl a r n o t o n ly a s a s o ld i e r b u t a s a c h r o n i c l e r Ti m ur
g .
c anno t h a v e s e e m e d r e m o t e fro m t h a t g r o u p o f p e O p le So w e l l -i n fo r m e d
a b o u t h im a n d h is c ivil ia n d o i n g s ; h is S ha hru khi g ra n d c h ild re n in
S a m a rk a n d ha d c a rr i e d o n his a u t ho r -t ra d iti o n ; t he 74 y e a rs o f
’
Y u n a s K ha n s l i fe ha d b r id g e d t he g a p b e t we e n Ti m u r s d e a t h in ’
— 1 05 a n d B a b u r S bi r t h in 8 8 8 14 8 3 T o B a b u r Ti m u r wi ll
’
8 07 4 —
.
h a v e b ee n e x e m pl a ry t hro u g h his g ra n d s o n A u lu g h B e g w ho h as
t wo p ro d u c ti o n s t o h is c r e d
, it t h e C a a r - u l a s ( F o u r H o rd e s ) a n d t he
K u rka n i A s t ro n o m i c a l T a bl e s . H is s o n s a g a i n B a b u r (qa la n da r )
, ,
a n d I b ra h i m c a rr i e d o n t h e fa m ily t o rc h o f l e tt e rs t he fi rs t in v e rs e ,
a n d t h e s e c o n d b y in iti a ti n g a n d fo s t e r i n g Y a z d i s l a b o u rs 0 11 t he
’
Z af a r n - a m a . W id e ra d i a ti n g a n d p o t e n t i n fl u e n c e fo r t he A r t s o f
-
P e a c e c a m e fo rt h fro m H e ra t d u r i n g t he re i g n o f t ha t S u lt a n H u s a i n
W
M i rz a ho s e C o u rt B a b u r d e s c r ib e s in o n e o f t he b e s t s u ppl e m e n t s
t o h is a u t o bi o g ra p hy . H u s a i n w a s a Ti m u r id o f t he e ld e r b ra n c h o f
B a i-q a ra a n a u t ho r h i m s e l f b u t fa r m o re e ffe c tiv e a s a Ma c ae n a s ;
,
o n e m a n o f t he s h i n i n g g a l a xy o f c o m p e t e n c e t ha t g a v e him fa m e ,
s e t p e rt i n e n t e x a m pl e fo r B a b u r t he a u t ho r n a m e ly t he A n d i ja n i
, ,
x x x ii P REF A CE
t h ro u g h s o m e 3 7 v e a rs w a s his t wi n n e d c o m r a d e w h i c h by it s s p e c i a l ,
d i s ti n c ti o n s h a s a t t ra c t e d r e d ea rs fo r n e a r ly a h a l m ill e n n i u m s t il l
f-
,
a t t ra c t s a n d s t ill is a t h i n g a p a r t fr o m a u t o bi o g ra p h i e s w h i c h l o o k
b a c k t o re c a l d e a d y e a rs .
M u c h c i r c u m s t a n c e m a k e s fo r t he o pi n i o n t h a t B a b u r l e ft h is
l i fe -r e c o rd c o m pl e t e p e rh a p s re p a i re d in pl a c e s a n d re c e n t ly s u ppl e
,
m e n t e d b u t c o n t i n u o u s o rd e r ly a n d l u c id ; t h i s it is n o t n o w n o r
‘
, , ,
h a s b e e n s i n c e it w a s t ra n s l a t e d i n t o P e rs i a n in 15 8 9 fo r it is fi s s u re d
‘
by la cu n a ha s n e i t he r P re fa c e n o r E p ilo g u e o p e n s in a n o dd ly
, ,
I
.
a b r u pt a n d i n c o n g r u o u s fa s h i o n a n d c o n s i s t s o f a s e r i e s o f fr a g m e n t s ,
s o d i s c o n n e c t e d a s t o d e m a n d c o n s id e r a bl e p r e li m i n a r y e xpl a n a ti o n .
N e e dl e s s t o s a y it s d w i n d l e d c o n diti o n n o t w i t hs t a n di n g it h a s pl a c e
, ,
a m o n g s t g re a t a u t o bi o g r a p h i e s s ti ll re v e a l i n g it s a u t h o r pl a yi n g a ,
m a n s p a r t in a d r a m a o f m u c h h i s t o r i c a n d p e rs o n a l i n t e re s t
’
It s .
r e v e l a ti o n is h o w e v e r n o w l ik e a p o r t ra i t o u t o f d r a w i n g be c a u se i t ,
h a s n o t k e p t t he r e c o r d o f c e r t a i n y e a r s o f his m a n ho o d in w h i c h he
t o o k m o m e n t o u s d e c i s i o n s ( 1) t ho s e o f 15 11 12 [9 18 ] in w h i c h he
—
, _
a c c e pt e d r e i n fo r c e m e n t p r i c e — fro m I s m a il t he S h i a ‘ ‘
—a t a g re a t
S ha h o f P e rs i a a n d in w h i c h if m y re a di n g b e c o rr e c t he fi r s t
, , ,
(1 5 ) b k h L w i t h f wi ( )
2 t h f 15 19 15 25 2
12 ro e t e a a g a n s t e u s e o n e o s e O —
,
[ 9 2 6 i n w h i c h h is l it e ra ry o c c u p a ti o n s wit h o r t ho d o x L a w s ee
(
Mu oz n ) a s s o c i a t e d w i t h c o g n a t e m a t t e rs o f 9 3 2 A H i n d i c a t e t ha t h is
'
re t u r n t o o b e d i e n c e h a d b e g u n in w h i c h t o o w a s t a k e n t h e d e c i s i o n ,
t ha t w o r k e d o u t fo r his fi ft h e xp e d iti o n a c ro s s t he I n d u s wi t h it s
s e q u e l o f t he c o n q u e s t o f H i n d T h e l o s s o f m a t t e r s o w e i g ht y
—
c a n n o t b u t d e s t ro y t h e b a l a n c e o f h is re c o r d a n d fa l s i fy t he d ra wi n
g
o f h is p o r t ra it .
a . P r oblem of T i t les .
AS t h i n g s u rviv e s t o d e c id e w ha t wa s B a b u r s c ho s e n ti t l e fo r
no
’
h is a u t o bi o g ra p hy a m o d e r n a s s i g n m e n t o f n a m e s t o d i s ti n u i s h it
, g
gg st i
T he su e on, im pl i d by m y
e u se o f t his wo r d , t ha t B a b m a y ha e e n it e
ur v d fi
c o se ly l d
hi t b i g phy (
s au o o ra as Tim d id n d ur u er o th e r c ir c u m s t a n c e s ) is d u e t o t he e is t e n c e o f x
a m p ll i g c
co e n au se v z i . th t h w o ld
a e u be e xp
e c ta n t o f de a t h a s t he p
rice o f H u m a u n s
’
y
res t d l ife (p
o re .
C f p 83 . d . A dd N o t e ,
an n . and
8 3 fo r f u rt he r e m e n . P . d a t io n o f a c o n t ra d ic t i o n e ff e c t e d
by so m m l ign in fl
e a u e n c e in t h e n o t e ( 8 3 ) e t ween a rt s p . b p of t ha t n ote, an d b e t we en it a nd
Ba b u r s a cc o u n t o f his n o t - rin in g in H e ra t
’
d k .
P RE F A CE x x x iii
fro m it s v a r i o u s d e s c e n d a n t s is d e s i ra bl e p a rt i c u l a r ly s o s i n c e t he ,
re viv a l o f i n t e re s t in it t o w a r d s w h i c h t he F a c s i m il e o f it s H a id a ra b a d
C o d e x ha s c o n t r ib u t e d .
‘
B a bu r -n a m a ( H i s t o ry o f B a b u r) is a w e l l -w a rra n t e d n a m e by w h i c h
t o d i s ti n g u i s h t h e o r i g i n a l T u r k i t e xt b e c a u s e l o n g a s s o c i a t e d w i t h ,
t h i s a n d r a re ly if e v e r a ppl i e d t o it s P e rs i a n t r a n s l a t i o n I t is .
2
n o t c o m p r e he n s iv e b e c a u s e n o t c o v e r i n s u ppl e m e n t a ry m a tt e r o f
g
bi o g ra p hy a n d d e s c r ipti o n b u t it ha s u s e fo r m o d e rn r e a d e rs o f
c l assin b wi t Ti id i t i
’
g B a u r s t h o h e r T im u r iy a a n d m u r h s o r e s s u c h a s
t he Z af ar — H nma -
a n A é ba r n a m a s
-
y
W
.
' '
o o (
b e i n g d e s c r iptive o f t he b o o k a n d
b A c t s ),
°
‘ ’
a
q z ci t -z - a a rz B a u r s
i n c o m m o n u s e fo r n a m i n g b o t h t h e T u r k i a n d P e rs i a n t e xt s m i g ht ,
u s e fu lly b e r e s e r v e d a s a ti t l e fo r t he l a t t e r a l o n e .
A m o n g s t E u ro p e a n v e rs i o n s o f t he b o o k Me m oi r s of B a oer is
E r s ki n e s p e c u li u m fo r t he L e yd e n a n d E rs ki n e P e rs o -E n g li s h t ra n s
’
l a t i o n — Me zn oz r es cle B a ber is P a v e t d e C o u r t e ill e s t itl e fo r his

’
’ ’
F re n c h v e rs i o n o f t he B u k ha ra [Pe rs ifi e d-T u rk i ] c o m pil a ti o n — B a lla r

'
n a m a in E n l z s lz l i n k s t he t r a n s l a ti o n th e s e v o l u m e s c o n t a i n w i t h it s
g
p u re ly -T u rk i s o u rc e .
b . P r obl em s f
o t ne C on s t i t u en t s of t ne B ool e
s .
I n t a c t o r m u t il a t e d B a b u r s m a t e r i a l fa ll s n a t u ra lly i n t o t h re e
,
’
t e r r i t o r i a l d ivi s i o n s t ho s e o f t h e l a n d s o f h is s u c c e s s ive ru l e F a rg h a n a
, ,
( w i t h S a m a rk a n d ) K a b u l a n d H i n d u s t a n W it h t he s e a re d i s ti n c t
,
.
s u b -s e c ti o n s o f d e s c r ip t i o n o f pl a c e s a n d o f o bi t u a r i e s o f ki n s m e n .
T he b o o k m i g h t b e d e s c r ib e d a s c o n s i s t i n g o f a n n a l s a n d d i a ry ,
w h i c h o n c e m e t w i t h i n w h a t is n o w t he g a p o f 15 08 19 ( 9 14 —
R o u n d t hi s g a p a m o n g s t o t he rs b r i s t l e p r o bl e m s o f whi c h t h i s
, ,
c h a n e o f l it e ra ry s t yl e is o n e ; s o m e a r e s m a l l a n d c o n c e r n t he
g
m u t il a ti o n a l o n e o t h e rs a re l a rg e r b u t a ll a re t o o i n t r i c a t e fo r t e rs e
, ,
\
l
‘
e u fe l he ld
it s t it e t o b e w a gi (t h is l a o te In
‘
I d p d
b u t it ha s n o e n it e s u o rt d fi pp
a n d In n u m e ro u s in s t a n c es o f it s o c c u r ren c e t o es c r i e t h e a c t s o r d b
o in s o f Ba u r , it c o u d g b ld
d
b e r ea a s a c o m m o n n o u n .
2
d v
It s t a n s o n t h e r e e rse o f t h e f ro n t a a e o f t h e H a i ara a lpgo e it is im u r d bd C d x T
’
p u la d s n a m e f o r t h e o e C dx p d
he u rc ha s e In B u ha r a , a n d it is t h e n c e ro u h t o n k ehr b g by K
( wit h Ilm in ski) , a n d a ro t h (C a p Kl p ), it is u se K h w a fi
. IIIh an ( cz r d bye t c K d . . .
x x x iv P RE F ACE
t t
s a em en t and a ll m i g ht b e re s o lv e d by t h e he l p of a se co n d MS .
H a id a r
’
e .
g . one o f t he s a m e s t ra n a s i s .
W i t ho u t fa n t a s y a n o t he r c o n s tit u e n t m i g h t b e c o u n t e d in wi t h t he
t h re e t e rr i t o r i a l d ivi s i o n s n a m e ly t he g ro u p e d la cu n a w h i c h by t he i r
, ,
e n g u l fm e n t o f t e x t a r e a n u n t o w a r d fa c t o r in a n e s t i m a t e e i t he r o f
B a b u r o r o f his b o o k T he y a re a c t u a lly t he c a rd i n a l d i ffi c u l t y o f
.
t he b o o k a s it n o w is ; t he y fo re s ho r t e n p u rvi e w o f h is c a re e r a n d
c ha ra c t e r a n d d e t ra c t fro m it s m e r i t s ; t he y l o s e i t p er s p e c t iv e a n d
d i s t o rt it s p ro p o r ti o n s T h a t t h i s m u s t b e s o is c l e a r b o t h fro m t he
.
v a l u e a n d t he p re p o n d e ra t i n g a m o u n t o f t he l o s t t e x t I t is n o .
e x a g g e ra ti o n t o s a y t h a t w h il e w o r k i n g o n wh a t s u rviv e s w h a t is ,
l o s t b e c o m e s l ik e a ha u n t i n g p re se n c e w a rn i n g t ha t i t m u s t b e
re m e m b e re d a lw a y s a s a n i n t e g ra l a n d t he d o m i n a n t p a r t o f t he b o o k .
T he r e l a tiv e p ro p o r ti o n s o f s a v e d a n d l o s t t e x t a r e h i g h ly
S ig n ifi c a n t : B a b u r s c o m m e m o ra bl e y e a rs a re a b o u t 4 7 a n d 10
’
—
'
m o n t hs z e fro m h is bi rt h o n F e b i 4 t h 14 8 3 t o n e a r h is d e a t h o n
, . . .
D e c 26 t h 15 3 0 ; b u t t he a g g re g a t e o f s u rvivi n g t e xt re c o rd s s o m e
.
18 y e a r s o n ly a n d t h i s n o t c o n ti n u o u s ly b u t b ro k e n t h ro u g h by
,
n u m e ro u s g a p s T ha t t he s e g a p s re s u lt fro m l o s s o f p a g e s is fre
.
q u e n tly s h e w n by a b ro k e n s e n t e n c e a n u n fi n i s he d e pi s o d e T he , .
fra g m e n t s — a s t he y t ru ly m a y b e c a ll e d — a re d ivid e d by g a p s s o m e
t i m e s s e e m i n g t o re m o v e a fe w p a g e s o n ly ( c f s a 9 3 5 s o m et i m e s . . .
'
l o s i n g t he re c o rd o f 6 a n d cz r 18 m o n t hs s o m e t i m e s o f 6 a n d 11 .
,
y e a rs b e s id e s t he s e a c t u a l c l e ft s in t he n a rra tiv e t he r e a re l o s s e s o f
s o m e 12 y e a rs fro m it s b e g i n n i n g a n d s o m e 16 m o n t hs fr o m it s e n d .
'
B ri e fly p u t w e n o w h a v e t he re c o rd o f ct r 18 y e a rs whe re t ha t o f o v e r .
4 7 c o u ld h a v e b e e n .
‘
c . C a u s es of Me g ap s .
Va r i o u s h a ve
b e e n s u r m i s e d t o e xpl a i n t he la cu n a ; o n t he
cau ses
pl e a o f l o n g i n ti m a c y wi t h B a b u r s a n d H a id a r s w r i t i n g s I v e n t u re ’ ’
t o s a y t h a t o n e a n d a ll a pp e a r t o m e t he re s u l t o f a c c id e n t T hi s .
o pi n i o n r e s t s o n o b s e rv e d c o rre l a ti o n s b e t w e e n t he s u r vivi n g a n d t he
Th t B b l
a a ur e ft a com pl d
m u ch in ica t e s
e te re c o r e on h is o wn d by d p e rs is t e n c e a n d
l it e rar y bi g as, e . . c ro ss -re fe r e n c e w it h a n d n e e e dd

c o m p e m e n t s f r o m wha t is l l os t m e n t io n
by o t he r wr it e rs o f Ba b u r s in fo r m a t io n , n o t a
’
H ai ar bly by d .
P R EF A CE x x xv
l o s t re c o rd w h i c h d e m a n d c o m pl
, t o n t he t e s ti m o n y o f H a id e r s
em en — ’
e x t r a c t s a n d fi r m ly o n B a b u r s o rd e r ly a n d p e rs i s t e n t bi a s o f m i n d
’
a n d o n t h e p r id e fu l c h a r a c t e r o f m u c h o f t h e l o s t re c o rd M o re o v e r .
o c c a s i o n s o f r i s k t o B a b u r s p a p e rs a r e k n o w n
’
.
O f t he s e o c c a s i o n s t he fi r s t w a s t he d e s t ru c t i o n o f h is c a m p n e a r
H i s a r in 15 12 ( 9 18 ; p 3 5 7 ) b u t n o i n fo r m a t i o n a b o u t his p a p e rs
.
s u r viv e s ; t he y m a n o t h a v e b e e n in his t e n t b u t in t h e fo r t T h e
y .
“ p ”
s e c o n d w a s a c a s e o f re c o rd e d d a m a e t o b k i ( 6 79 )
‘
g o o a n d s e c t o n s .
o c c u rr i n
g in 1 5 2 9 F r o m S i g n s o f w o r k d o n e t o t h e F a rg h a n a
s e c ti o n in H i n d u s t a n t he d a m a e m a b e u n d e rs t o o d m a d e o o d a t
, g y g .
t he l a t e r d a t e T o t he t h i rd e xp o s u re t o d a m a g e n a m e ly t he a tt r i t i o n
.
, ,
o f h a r d t ra v e l a n d u n s e t t l e d li fe d u r i n g H u m a y u n s 14 y e a r s o f e xil e
’
fro m ru l e in H i n d us t a n ( 14 4 1 15 5 5 ) it is re a s o n a bl e t o a tt r ib u t e e v e n
—
t he w h o l e l o s s o f t e x t F o r a s s
. u m i g
n —
,
a s m ay we l l b e d o n e t ha t
B a b u r l e ft ( 15 3 0) a c o m p l e t e a u t o bi o g ra p hy it s v o l u m e w o u ld b e s a fe ,
so l o n H m a y u n w a s in p o w e r b u t a ft e r t he Ti m u r id e x o d u s
g a s u
( 1 4 4 1 ) h is l ib ra r y w o u ld b e e xp o s e d t o t h e r i s k s d e t a i l e d in t he
a d m i r a bl e c h ro n i c l e s o f G u l-b a d a n J a u ha r a n d B a y a zid ( am ), He .
is k n o w n t o ha v e a n n o t a t e d h is fa t he r s b o o k in 15 5 5 ( p 4 6 6 n 1)
’
. .
j u s t b e fo re m a rc h i n g fro m K a b u l t o a tt e m pt t he -
re c o n q u e s t of
H i n d u sta n H is C o d e x w o u ld re t u r n t o D ibl i w h i c h he e n t e re d in
.
J u ly 15 5 5 a n d t he re w o u ld b e s a fe fro m r i s k o f fu r t he r m u t il a ti o n
,
.
It s c o n diti o n in 15 5 5 is li k e ly t o h a v e re m a i n e d w ha t it wa s fo u n d
w he n A bd u r -r a h i m t ra n s l a t e d it i n t o P e rs i a n by A kb a r s o r d e rs
‘ ’ ’
( 5 ) b l f l i h A ko - na ma T h a t P e rs i a n t r a n s
’
9 f A
’
1 8 o r u - a z s u s e n t e a r .
l a t i o n wi t h it s d e s c e n d a n t t he Mem oi r s of B a oer a n d t he p u re ly ,
'
T u r ki H a id a ra b a d C o d e x wi t h it s d e e d s c n a n t t h e B a b u r -na ma zn
E ng l z s n c o n t a i n id e n t i c a l c o n t e n t s an d s o d o i n g c a rry t he d a t e o f
'
, , ,
t he m u t il a ti o n o f B a hu r s T u r ki t e x t b a c k t h r o u g h it s y e a rs o f s a fe t y
’
15 8 9 t o 15 5 5 t o t he p e r i o d o f H u m a y u n s e x il e a n d it s d a n g e rs fo r
’
c a m e l -b o rn e o r d e s e r t e d l ib ra r i e s .
' '
d T w o m z s z n t erp f l a cu n a
’
. r e t a t z ou s o .
Not u n n a u ra t lly t he fre q u e n t i n t e rru pti o n s o f n a rra tive c a u se d

by l a cu na h a v e b e e n m i s i n t e rp r e t e d o c c a s i o n a lly a n d s o m e ti m e s ,
x x xv i P RE F A CE
d e t ra c t o ry c o m m e n t h a s fo ll o w e d o n B a b u r ra n k i n g him b e l o w t he ,
a c c o m pl i s h e d a n d l e tt e re d s t e a d fa s t a n d h o n e s t m a n he w a s
, I se l e c t .
t wo e x a m pl e s o f t h i s c o m m e n t n e it he r o f w h i c h h a s a c a s u a l o r i g i n .
T he fi rs t is fr o m t he P M C a t of C oi n s of t he S /z a ns of P er s i a
. .
p x x iv wh e re a ft e r id e n ti fyi n g a c e rt a i n g o ld c o i n a s S he wi n g
.
,
va s s a l a g e by B a b u r t o I s m a il S af a w i t he c o m pil e r o f t he C a t a l o g u e
‘
W
,
n o te s e c a n n o w u n d e rs t a n d t he o m i s s i o n fro m B a b a r s M e m o i r s
‘ ’
”
o f t he o c c u rre n c e s b e tw e e n 9 14 H a n d 9 25 H . C a n t h e s e w o rd s .
i m ply o t he r th a n t ha t B a b u r s u pp re s s e d m e n ti o n o f m i n ti n g o f t he
c o i n s S he wi n g a c k n o wl e d g m e n t o f S h i a s u z e ra i n t y ? L e a vi n g a s id e
‘
t h e d e l i c a t e t o pi c o f t he d e t ra c ti o n t he q u o t e d w o r d s i m ply m u c h ,
n e g a tiv e s t he s u r m i s e t h a t t h e g a p is a d e lib e r a t e
“ o m i ss i o n
”
of
t e xt t he d u ra ti o n o f t he S h i a a ll i a n c e w a s 19 — 20 m o n t hs o f
‘
9 17— 9 18 A H ( p . . w hy o m it t he p e a c e fu l o r p rid e fu l a n d vi c t o ri o u s
re c o rd o f s o m e 9 — 10 y e a rs o n it s e i t he r v e rg e P ( 2) B a b u r s T r a n s o x u s
’
c a m p a i g n w a s a n e pi s o d e i n t he s t ru gg l e b e t we e n S h a ib a q K h a n
( S ha ib a n i ) A u e oeg a n d S ha h Is m a il b e t we e n S u n n i a n d S h i a ;
‘ ‘
m
h o w c o u ld
“ o m iss io n
”
fr o m h is b o o k a lw a y s a ra re o n e h id e w ha t , ,
m u ltit u d e s k n e w a l re a dy ?
“ O m i s s i o n w o u ld h a v e p ro v e d a fi a s c o ”
in a n o t he r r e g i o n t ha n C e n t ra l A s i a b e c a u s e t he B a b u r-H a id a r s t o ry
,
o f t he c a m p a i g n v a s s a l -c o i n a g e i n c l u d e d h a s b e e n b ro u g ht i n t o ‘
, ,
E n g l i s h l it e ra t u re by t he E n g l i s h t ra n s l a t i o n Of t h e T a r i ff/14 r a s nia i ’
°
B a b u r s fra n k a n d s e l f-j u d g i n g ha bi t o f m i n d w o u ld I t hi n k l e a d
’
, ,
h im t o w rit e fu lly o f t he d i ffi c u lti e s w h i c h c o m p e l l e d t he ha t e d a lli a n c e

a n d c e rt a i n ly he w o u ld t e ll o f h is o wn a n g e r a t t he c o n d u c t o f t he
c a m p a i g n by I s m a il s C o m m a n d e rs T h e a lli a n c e w a s a t a c t i c a l
‘ ’
.
m i s t a k e it w o u ld h a v e s e rv e d B a b u r b e t t e r t o n a rra t e it s fa il u r e .
T he s e c o n d m i s i n t e rp re t a ti o n p e rh a p s a m e re s u rm i s i n g g l o s s is
, ,
E rs k i n e s ( Mem oir s S u pp p 28 9 ) w ho in c o n n e c t i o n wi t h A l a m
’
. .
,
‘
K ha n s re q u e s t t o B a b u r fo r re i n fo rc e m e n t in o rd e r t o o u s t his n e p he w
’
I b ra h i m o b s e rv e s t ha t B a b u r p ro b a bly fl a tt e re d A l a m K ha n w i t h
,
‘
t he ho p e o f s u c c e s s i o n t o t he e m pi r e o f H i n d u s t a n T h i s id e a d o e s .
not fi t t he r e c o rd o f e it he r m a n E lp hi n s t o n e wa s a n g e re d by
.
E rs ki n e s re m a rk whi c h he w r o t e ( A u g 26 t h 18 26 ) h a d a b a d
’ “
.
,
A p p H xxx .
, .
P R EF A CE x x x vu
e ffe c t on t he tive by w e a k e n i n g t he i m pl i c it c o n fid e n c e in
n a r ra
B a b u r s c a n d o u r a n d v e ra c ity w h i c h h is fr a n k wa y o f w r iti n g is s o
’
w e ll -c a l c u l a t e d t o c o m m a n d E lp h in s t o n e s O pi n i o n o f B a b u r is n o t
’
.
t h a t o f a r e a d e r b u t o f a s t u d e n t o f h is b o o k ; he w a s a l so o ri e o f
E rs k i n e s s t a u n c he s t he lp e rs in it s p ro d u c ti o n
’
F ro m E rs ki n e s .
’
s u r m i s e o t h e rs h a v e a dv a n c e d o n t h e d e t r a c t o r s p a t h s a yi n g t h a t
’
B a b u r u s e d a n d t hre w o v e r A l a m K h a n ‘
e . R econ s t r u ct ion .
A m o n g s t t he p ro bl e m s m u til a ti o n ha s c re a t e d a n i m p o rt a n t o n e is
t h a t o f t he c o n d iti o n o f t he be g i n n i n g o f t he b o o k ( p 1 t o p 3 0) wi t h . .
it s pl u n g e i n t o B a b u r s d o i n g s in his 12t h y e a r wi t ho u t p r e vi o u s
’
m e n ti o n o f e v e n h is d a y a n d pl a c e o f bi r t h t he n a m e s a n d s t a t u s
,
o f h s p a re n t s
i o r a
,
n y o c c u r r e n c e s o f is p rae a c c e s s i o n y e a rs
h - Wi t h i n .
t ho s e y e a rs s ho u ld b e e n t e re d t he d e a t h o f Y u n a s K ha n ( 14 8 7) wi t h
it s s e q u e n t o bit u a ry n o ti c e a n d t he d e a t h o f [K hw a j a U b a id u l-la h]
‘ ’
A h r a ri N o t o n ly a re t he s e c u s t o m a ry e n t r i e s a b s e n t b u t t h e
v e ry i n t ro d u c ti o n s o f t he t wo g re a t m e n a re w a n ti n g p ro b a bly w i t h ,
t he a l s o m i s s i n g a c c o u n t o f t he i r n a m i n g o f t he b a b e B a b u r T ha t .
t he s e ro u t i n e m a tt e r s a re a p a rt o f a n a u t o bi o g ra p hy pl a n n e d a s
B a b u r s w a s m a k e s fo r a s s u re d o pi n i o n t ha t t he re c o r d o f m o re t ha n
’
,
h is fi rs t d e c a d e o f l i fe h a s b e e n l o s t p e rh a p s by t he a tt r iti o n t o w h i c h
,
it s p o s iti o n in t he v o l u m e e xp o s e d it .
U s e fu l re c o n s t ru c ti o n if m e re ly in t a b u l a t e d fo r m m i g h t b e e ffe c t e d ,
in a fu t u re e d iti o n I t w o u ld s a v e a t l e a s t t wo s u rp r i s e s fo r re a d e rs
.
,
o n e t he o dd ly a b ru pt fi r s t s e n t e n c e t e lli n f b r s a g e w he n h e
’
g o B a u
be c a m e ru l e r in F a rg ha n a ( p .w h i c h is a m i s fit in t i m e a n d o rd e r ,
a n o t he r t ha t o f t he s u dd e n i n t e rru p t i o n o f U m a r S h a ik h s o bit u a r y
‘ ’
by a fr a g m e n t o f Y u n a s K ha n s ( p 19 ) w h i c h t he re h a n g s o n a m e re
’
.
n m e p e g w h e r e a s it s pl a c e a c c o r d i n b s e l s e w he r e u n b r o k e n
’
a -
, g t o B a u r
'
p ra c t i c e is d i re c t ly fo ll o w i n g t he d e a t h T he re c o rd o f t he m i s s i n g
.
p rze -a c c e s s i o n y e a rs w il l h a v e i n c l u d e d a t t h e l e a s t a s fo ll o w s — D a y
o f bi r t h a n d it s pl a c e n a m e s a n d s t a t u s o f p a re n t s
— —
n am ing and
t he c e r e m o n i a l O b s e rv a n c e s p rop e r fo r M u ha m m a d a n c h ild re n — vi s it s
t o k i n s fo l k in T a s hkin t a n d t o S a m a r k a n d ( se t 5 p 3 5 ) w h e re he
,
.
,
.
x x xv iii P REF ACE
wa s b e t ro t he d - i n i t i a ti o n in s c h o o l s u bj e c t s in s p o r t t he u s e o f
h is , ,
a rm s - ”
n a m e s o f t e a c he r s e d u c a t i o n in t h e r u l e s o f h is F a i t h ( p
—
.
a pp o i n t m e n t t o t he A n d i j a n C o m m a n d et c et c .
, .
T he re is n o w n o fi t b e g i n n i n g t o t he b o o k ; t he p re se n t fi rs t
s e n t e n c e a n d it s p e n d e n t d e s c r ipti o n o f F a rg h a n a s h o u ld b e r e m o v e d
t o t he p o s i t i o n B a b u r s p r a c t i c e d i c t a t e s o f e n t e r i n g t he d e s c r ipti o n
’
o f a t e r r i t o ry a t o n c e o n o bt a i n i n g it ( c f S a m a r k a n d K a b u l H ind u .
, ,
’
stan ) . It m i g ht c o m e in o n p 3 0 a t t he e n d o f t he t o p ic ( p a rt ly .
o m i t t e d o n p 29 w h e r e n o g ro u n d is g iv e n fo r t h e m a n i fe s t a n xi e ty
.
a b o u t B a b u r s s a fe ty ) o f t he d i s p u t e d s u c c e s s i o n ( H a id a r t rs p 13 5 )
’
. .
,
B a b u r s p a r ti s a n b e g s h a vi n g t he b e t t e r o f J a ha n g i r s a n d h a vi n g
’ ’
t e s t ifi e d o b e i s a n c e h e b e c a m e r u l e r in F a rg h a n a ; h is s t a t e m e n t o f
,
a g e ( 12 y e a r s ) c o m e s in n a t u r a lly a n d t he d e s c r ip t i o n o f his n e wly

,
a c q u i re d t e r r i t o ry fo l l o w s a c c o rd i n g t o r u l e Thi s r e m o v a l o f t e x t .
t o a l a t e r p o s i t i o n h a s t he a dv a n t a g e o f a ll o wi n g t he a c c e s s i o n t o
fo l l o w a n d n o t p re c e de B a b u r s fa t he r s d e a t h
’ ’
.
By t he re m o v a l t he re is l e ft t o c o n s id e r t he h i s t o ri c a l m a tt e r o f
pp 12 13 T he fi r s t p a ra g ra p h c o n c e rn s m a t t e r o f m u c h e a rl i e r d a t e
.
— .
t ha n U m a r s d e a t h in 14 9 4 (p
‘ ’
it m a y b e p a rt o f a n O bi t u a ry
.
n o t i c e p e rh a p s t ha t o f Y u n a s K h a n
,
W ha t fo ll o w s o f t he a d v a n c e .
o f d i s pl e a s e d ki n s m e n a g a i n s t U m a r S h a i k h w o u ld fa ll i n t o pl a c e a s
‘
p a rt o f B a b u r S re c o rd o f h is b o y ho o d a n d l e a d o n t o t ha t o f h is
’
fa t he r s d e a t h
’
.
T he a b o ve is a b a ld s k e t c h o f w ha t m i g h t b e e ffe c t e d in t he
i n t e re s t s o f t he b o o k a n d t o fa c i lit a t e it s pl e a s a n t p e r u s a l .
C H A P TE R I I I ;
T HE T U R K I MSS . AN D WO R K C O N N E CTI N G WITH T H E M .
’
T hi s c h a p t e r is a l i t e r a ry c o u n t e rp a rt o f B a b u r P a d s h a h s S t o n e
”
h e a p t h e r o a d s id e c a i r n t r a d it i o n s a ys wa s p il e d by h is a rm y e a c h
, ,
m a n l a y i n g his s t o n e wh e n p a s s m g d o w n fr o m K a b ul f o r H i n du s t a n
i n t he ye a r o f v i c t o r y 1 5 2 5
p 446 .
, n . 6 . B ab u r
’
s or de r fo r the c a ir n wo u ld fi t i n to t he l o st r e c ord o f th e fi rs t m o n t h
of t h e ye a (p r .
x 1 P R EF A CE
T he B ukh a r a b o o k is a c o m p i l a ti on o f o dd m en t s m o s tl y tr a n s l a t e d ,
f r o m c o m p o s i ti on s wri t t en a f t e r B a b u r s d e a th
’
Te xtu al a n d .
c i r c u m s t a n t i a l gr o u n d s w a r r a n t t h e O pi n io n th a t it i s a di s t i n c t
w o rk m i s t a k en l y b e l i e v e d t o b e B a b u r s o wn ; t o th e s e gro u n d s wa s
’
a d d e d in 1 9 03 t h e a uth o ri t a t i v e v e rdi c t o f c o ll a t i o n wi th t h e
H a id a r a b a d C o de x an d in 1 9 2 1 of t h e c o l o p h o n o f it s o rig i n a l MS
, .
in wh ic h it s a u th o r gi v e s his n a m e w i th t he t i tl e a n d d a t e o f his
,
c o m p il a ti o n ( J R AS . 1 900 p ,
Wh a t it is a n d wha t a r e it s
.
c o n t e n t s a n d h i s t o r y a r e t o l d in Pa rt I I I o f thi s c h a p t e r .
Par t II . W o rk o n t he H in du s t a n MSS .
O RIGI N AL C OD E X
’
BABU R S .
My l a t e s t d efi n i t e i n fo rm a t i o n a bou t B ab u r
’
s a ut o gr a ph MS .
c o m es f o r m t h e P a ds ha h-n a m a (B i b In d e d 11 . . . w h o s e a uth o r
,
-
s a w it in Sh a h i j a b a n s pri v a t e l i b r a r y b e tw e en 1 6 2 8 a n d 1 6 3 8
’
- .
I n fe r e n c e is j u s ti fi e d h o w e v e r t h a t it wa s t h e a r c h e t y p e o f t h e
, ,
H a i d a r a b a d C o d e x whi c h h as b e en e s t i m a t e d fr o m t h e q u a l i ty
o f it s p a p e r a s d a t i n g c ir 1 7 0 0 (J RA S
. 1 906 p B u t t wo .
, .
s u b se q u e n t hi s t o r i c di sas t e r s c o m pl i c a t e a ll qu es ti o n s o f MSS .
m i s s i n g f r o m I n di a n l i b r a rie s n a m e ly N a di r Sh a h s v en ge a n c e o n
’
, ,
D ihli in 1 7 3 9 an d t h e di s p e r s i o n s a n d fi r es o f t h e Muti n y Fa i n t .
h 0 p e is k e p t a l i v e th a t t h e o r i gi n a l C o d e x m a y h a v e drif t e d i n t o
pri v a t e h a n d s b y wh a t h a s o c c u r r e d wi th t h e R a m p ur MS o f
, .
B ab u r s H i n du s t an v e r se s (A p p J ) w h i c h a l s o a pp e a r s o n c e t o
’
.
,
h a v e b e l on ge d t o Sh a h -i-j a h a n .
I
Am o n gs t i t e m s o f w o r k d o n e du rin g B ab u r s l i fe a re c o pi es o f
’
his b o o k (or o f t h e H i n du s t an s e c ti o n o f i t ) h e m en ti o n s s e n di n g t o
s o n s a n d f ri e n d s .
II
-
T h e T a ba qa t i ba bu r i w a s w r i t t e n duri n g B a b u r s l i fe b y his
—
’
P e r s i an s ec r e t a r y Sh a ikh Za in u d din o f K h a w a i ; i t p a r a phr as e s

-
’
in rh e t o ric al P e r s i a n t h e r ec o rd o f a f e w m o n th s o f H i n du s t a n
c a m p a i gn in g i n c ludi n g t h e b a t tl e o f Pa n i p a t
, .
P RE F A CE x li
o
w
m
.
o
c w c
o o w
o
w o
c .
s
a
m
t
s
fo e s
z
o
a
s
a
n m
a
“
o
m m m
x l ii P REF A C E
III
f H m
’
D ur in g t h e fir s t d ec a d e o u a y u n s r e i g ( 5 3 0 4 0) a t l e a s t
n 1 —
t wo im p o rt a n t c o di c e s s e em t o h a v e b e e n c o p i e d .
The e a r li e r (see Ta bl e N o 2 ) h a s v a r i e d c ir c u m st a n ti al w a rr an t
, .
.
I t m ee t s t h e n e e d o f an a r c h e typ e o n e m a rgi n a lly a n n o t a t e d b y ,
H u m a yu n fo r t h e E lphi n s t on e C o d e x in whi c h a fe w n o t es a r e
,
m a rgin a l a n d S i gn e d o th e s re p el l m ell in t e rp o l a t e d in t he t e xt
r a ,
-
,
b u t a t t es t e d by a s c r u t i n ee r a s h a vi n g b e e n m a rg i n a l in it s a r c h e
t y p e a n d m i s t a k en ly c o p i e d i n t o it s t e xt Th i s s ec o n d s e t h a s b e e n .
in e ffe c tu a l ly s p on ge d o v e r Th u s d o u b l e c o l l a t i o n is i n di c a t e d
.
b
’
()1 w i t h B a u r s a ut o gra ph MS t o c l e a r o u t e xtr a B a b u r m a t t e r .

,
a n d (i i ) wi th it s a r c h e t y p e t o j u s t i fy t h e s t a t e m e n t t h a t in thi s
,
t h e in t e rp o l a t i o n s w e r e m a r g i n a l — N o c o l o ph o n s urv i v e s wi th t h e
m u c h dwi n dl e d E lp h C o d e x b u t o n e s ui ti n g t h e S i tu a ti o n h a s b e e n
.
, , ,
o b s e rv e d wh e r e i t is a c o m pl e t e m i s fi t a p p en d e d t o t h e A lw a r C o de x
, ,
o f t h e s e c o n d P e r s i a n t r a n s l a t i on (e s ti m a t e d a s c o pi e d in Into
,
t h e i n c o n gruit i e s o f t h a t c o l o p h o n i t is n o t n ec e s s ar y t o e x a m i n e
h e r e th e y a re t o o o b v i o u s t o a im a t d e c e i t ; i t a pp ea r s fi t ly t o b e a n
,
im p e r fe c t t r an s l a t i o n fr o m a Tu r k i o r i g i n a l t hi s es p ec i a lly t hr o u gh ,
”
i t s o dd f a shi o n o f en ti tl i n g H u m a yu n P a d sh a h I t c an b e .
e x p l a i n e d a s tr a n s l a t i n g t h e c o l o ph o n o f t h e C o de x (N o 2 ) wh i c h .
,
a s his p o s s e s s i o n H u m a y u n a l l o w a b ly a n n o t a t e d a n d whi c h m a k e s
,
it k no w n th a t he ha d o rd e r e d A l i u - l -k a t i b t o c o py his f a th e r s‘ ’ ’ ’
Tu r k i b o o k a n d th a t i t w a s fi n i s h e d in F e bru a ry 1 5 3 1 s o m e Six
, , ,
w e e k s a f t e r B a b u r s de a t h ’
.
I
T h e l a t e r c o py m a d e in H u m a yu n s fi r s t d e c a d e is H a id a r
’
Mi rz a s (inf r a )
’
.
IV
Muh a m m a d H a i d a r Mirz a D ughla t s p o ss ess i o n o f a c o py o f t he ’
A ut o b i o gr a phy is k n o wn b o t h f r o m his m en t i o n o f i t a n d thr o u gh

n u m er o u s e xt r a c t s tr a n s l a t e d f r o m i t in h is T a r ikh z r a s hidi
- -
As a .
g o o d b o y
-p e n m a n
(p 2 2 ) h e m a y h a v e
. c o pi e d d o w n t o 1 5 1 2 (9 )
1 8
wh il e wi th B a bur (p b ut fo r o b t a i n i n g a tr a n sc rip t o f i t his
.
For p re c ise l im it s of t he o ri gi l na a n n o t a t io n s ee p . . d l
4 46 n -F o r e t a i s a o u t t h e b
E . Cdx o e s ee J RAS 19 07 , a r t T /t e E lp lz
. . . C odex ,
and fo r l p
t h e c o o ho n A Q R 1900, u .
, J ly
O ct . an d JR A S 1905 ,
. pp
7 5 2, 7 6 1. .
P R EF A CE x l iii
op p o rtu n i t y was
whi l e wi th H u m a yu n b e fo r e t h e T i m uri d e x o du s
of 1541 H e di e d in 1 55 1
. his Co d e x is l ik e ly t o h a v e f o u n d it s
wa y b a c k f r o m K a s h m ir t o his a n c e s t r a l h o m e in t h e K a shgh a r
r egi o n a n d th e re i t m a y s ti ll b e (S ee T R t rs N e y E li a s bi o gr a p hy . . . .
’
of him ) .
V
T he E lphi t C o de x
n s on e h a s h a d a n a dv en tur o u s c a r e e r
I
T he .
e n i gm a o f it s a r c h e t yp e is d b v i t m h v b i d
p os e a o e a
y a e ee n c o p e
d u r i n g A kb ar s fir s t d ec a d e (1 55 6
’
it s p e r h a p s fi r s t o w n e r , ,
wa s a B a i-q a r a r eb e l (d 1 5 6 7 ) fr o m a m o n gs t wh o s e p o ss e s s i o n s i t
.
fl
p asse d i n t o t h e R o y al Libr a ry wh e r e i t was c l e a r e d o f f o r e i gn m a t t e r
,
b y t h e e x p u n c t i o n o f H u m a yu n s m argin a l n o t e s wh i c h it s s c r ib e ’
h a d i n t e rp o l a t e d i n t o it s t e xt At a d a t e I d o n o t k n o w it m u s t
.
,
h a v e l e f t t he R o y al L ib r a r y fo r it s y-l e a v e s b e a r e n trie s o f pri c e s

a n d in 1 8 1 0 i t w a s f o u n d a n d p u r c h a s e d in P e s h a w a r b
y E l p hi n s t o ne .
I t w e n t wi th him t o C a l c ut t a a n d th e r e m a y h a v e b e en s e en b y,
L e yd e n du r i n g t h e Sh o r t t i m e b e tw ee n it s a rr i v a l a n d t h e a ut u m n
m o n t h o f t h e s a m e y e a r (1 8 1 0 ) wh e n h e s a i l e d f or J a v a In 1 8 1 3 .
E lphi n s t o n e in P o on a s e n t i t t o E r s k i n e in B om b a y s a y i n g th a t h e ,
h a d f a n c i e d i t g o n e t o J a v a a n d h a d b e en wri t i n g t o Iz z a t u l l a h
‘ ’
-
t o pr oc ur e a n o th e r MS fo r E r s ki n e in B u kh a r a b u t th a t a ll t h e
.
,
.
ti m e i t wa s o n his o wn Sh e l v e s R ec e i v e d a f t er E r s ki n e h a d d o l e fu lly
.
c o m p a r e d his fi n is h e d w o r k wi t h L e yd e n s (t e n t a t i v e ) t r a n s l a t i o n
’
E rs ki n e s a dly r e c o m m en c e d t h e r e v i e w o f his o wn w o r k T h e C o d e x .
h a d s u ffe r e d m u c h d e f a c e m e n t d o w n t o 9 0 8 (1 5 0 2 ) a t t h e h an d s o f
a P er s i a n Tu r k o f G a n j wh o h a d i n t e rli n e d i t wi th e xp l a n a ti o n s .
I t c a m e t o S c o tl a n d (wi th E r s k i n e ? ) wh o in 1 8 2 6 s e n t it wi th a
t o t he
’
c o v e rin g l e t t e r (D ec 1 2 th .
a t it s o w n e r s d e s ir e
, ,
A d v o c a t e s L ibr a r y wh e r e i t n o w is In 1 9 0 7 i t w a s f ull y d e sc ri b e d
’
.
by m e in t h e J R AS .
VI
Of t wo Wa gi a t-i -ba bu r i
’
( P ers . t rs ) . m a d e in Akb a r
’
s r e i gn ,
t he
ea rl i e r wa s b e gu n in 1 5 83 , at p r i v a te in stan ce by ,
t wo Mu ghu ls
S ee I dxn e s n
. . and III a n te an d JR A S . 1900-3 —5 — 6—7 .
x l iv P RE F A C E
P a ya n d a -h a s a n G h a z ni a n d Muh
of q ul i f H i r T h a mm a d- ‘
o s a e .
B o dl e i a n a n d B r i t i s h Mu s e u m L i b r a rie s h a v e c o pi e s o f it v e r y ,
f r a gm en t a ry u n fo r tu n a t e l y f o r it is c a r e ful l i k e a b l e a n d h e l p f u l
, , ,
b y it s s m a l l e x p l a n a t o r y gl oss e s I t h as t he gr e a t d e fe c t o f n o t
.
pr ese rvi n g a ut o b i ogr a phi c qu a li t y in it s d i c ti on .
VII
The l a ter W a
qi
’
tr a n s l a t e d b y A b du r -r a hi m Mirz a is
a t-i -ba bu r i
‘ ’
o n e o f t h e m o s t i m p o rt a n t i t e m s in B a b u ria n a b o th b y it s s p e c ia l ,
c h a r a c t e ris ti c s as t h e w o r k o f a T urk m an a n d n o t o f a P e r s i a n ,
a n d b y t h e gr e a t s e rvi c e i t h as d o n e It s o ri gi n is w el l k n o wn
- .
i t w m d e a t Ak ar b rd e r t h e lp bu l z l in t he A kb a mam a
A -f -
’ ’
a s a s o o a r
a c c o u n t o f B a b ur a n d a l s o t o f a c ili t a t e p e ru s a l o f t h e B a bu r -n a m a
in H i n du s t a n . I t wa s pr esen t e d t o A k b a r b y it s tr an s l a t o r wh o ,
h a d c o m e u p f r o m G uj r a t in t h e l a s t w ee k o f N o v em b e r 1 5 8 9 on
, , ,
a n o c c a s i o n a n d a t a pl a c e o f a d m ir a b l e fi t n e s s F o r A kb a r h a d .
K b m n d wa s h a l ti n hi
’
g o n e t o a b ul t o v i s i t B a u r s t o b a g o n s r e tur n
,
j o urn e y a t B a r i k -a h wh e r e B a bur h a d h al t e d o n h is m a r c h d o w n
t o H i n du s t a n i n t h e y e a r o f v i c t o r y 1 5 2 5 a t n o gr e a t di s t a n c e ,
from A bu l -fa z l s a c c o u n t o f
’ ’
B a b ur P a d s h a h s St o n e h e a p -
’
t h e p r e sen t a t i o n wil l r e s t o n A b du r r a him s in f o rm a ti o n (A N

‘ ’ ’
- . .
t r s c a p c i)
. . . Th e di c ti o n o f thi s tr a n s l a t i o n is n o t i c e a bl e it ga v e
m u c h t r o ub l e t o E r s ki n e wh o thu s w r i t e s o f it (Mem oir s P r e f a c e ,
lx ) ,
Th o u gh s i m pl e a n d p r e c i se a c l o s e a dh e r e n c e t o t h e i di o m s
,
a n d f o r m s o f e xpr e ssion o f t h e T urk i o rigin a l j o i n e d t o a w a n t o f
di s ti n c t n e s s in t h e u s e o f t he r e l a t i v e s o f t e n r e n d er s t he m e a n i n g ,
e xt r e m e ly o b s c u r e a n d m a k es i t di ffi c u l t t o di s c o v e r t h e c o n n e xi o n
,
o f t h e di ffe r en t m e m b e r s o f t h e s e n t e n c e T h e s tyl e is f r e q u e n tl y .
I
”
n o t P e r s i an . M a n y o f t h e Turk i w o rd s a r e u n tr a n s l a t e d .
D i ffi c u l t a s th ese c h a r a c t e r i s ti c s m a d e E r s k i n e s i n t e rpr e t a t i o n
’
i t a pp e a r s t o m e l ik e ly th a t t h ey i n dir e c t l y w e r e u s e ful t o him b y

‘
r es tr a i n i g h s di c ti o n t o s o m e e xt e n t in t h e i r T urk i f e t t e ri n
n i —
Thi s
g
Turki fe t t er i n g h a s a n o th er a s p ec t a p a rt f r o m E rs k i n e s di ffi c ul ti e s
,
’
H e re s pe k s t h e m
a an d i
r e a re n t o u c h wit h E u ro p e n c lassi s ; (pu re ) Tu k i
a c r tho u h g
it l t ives ( R d l ff ) is l c id
u se s n o r e a a o u . C f C ap
. . IV T h e M e m o i s o f B b u r r a .
P R E F A CE x w
v iz i t w o uld gr e a tly fa c il i t a t e r e -tr a n s l a ti o n in t o Turk i s u c h as h a s

.
,
b e en e ffe c t e d I thi n k in t h e F a rgh an a sec t i o n o f t he B ukh a r a

, ,
c om p il a t io n .
I
VI I I
Thi s i t e m o f w o rk a h a rm l ess a t t e m p t o f S a l i m (i e J a h a n gir
, . .
P a d sh a h 1 6 0 5 2 8 ) t o pr o vid e t he a n c e s t r a l a ut o b i o gr a p h y wi th
—
c e rt a i n s t o p - a p s h as c a u se d m u c h n ee dl es s tr o u b l e a n d di s c u ss i o n
g ,
wi th o ut e ffe c ti n g a n y u s e ful r e s ul t I t is thi s — In his o wn a ut o .
b i o gr a p h y t h e T u z u k-i-ja ha ngir i s a 1 6 0 7 he w r i t e s o f a B a b u r -n a m a
, . .
,
C o d e x h e e x am i n e d th a t i t was all in B a b u r s b l ess e d h a n dwri t in g

’
e x c e p t f o ur p o r ti o n s whi c h w e r e in his o w n a n d e a c h o f whi c h h e
a tt e s t e d in T u r k i a s so b e i n g U n fo r tu n a t e ly h e di d n o t s p ec i fy his
.
t o pi c s ; u n fo rtu n a t e ly a l so n o a tt e s t a ti o n h a s b e e n fo u n d t o p a ss a ge s
r e a so n a b ly e n o u h a tt r i b ut a bl e t o his a c t i vi t i e s
g H is p o rt i o n s m a y .
c on s i s t o f t he R e sc u e-p a s s a ge (Ap p D ) a n d a l e n g th o f tr a n s .
l a ti o n f r o m t h e A kba r n a m a a c on ti n u o u s p a r t o f it s B a b ur c h a p t e r ,
but b r o k en up wh e r e o n ly I h a v e s ee n i t i e t he B ukh a r a c o m p il a , . .
t i o n i n t o (1 ) a pl a i n t a l e o f K an w a
, ( )
2 e pi so d e s o f B a b u r s
’
l a tt e r m o n th s (1 5 2 9 )— b o th tr a n s fe rr e d t o t h e fi rs t p e rs o n — a n d
) a n a c c o u n t o f B a b u r s d e a th (D e c e m b e r 2 6 t h 1 5 3 0 ) a n d C o urt
’
( 3 ,
.
J a h an g ir s o c c up a t i o n h a r m l e ss in i t s e l f l e d t o a n i m b r o gl i o o f
’
, ,
L a n glés with E r s k i n e f o r t h e f o rm e r s t a t i n g in t he B i ograp hi e

,
.
U n iv ers elle a r t B a b o u r t h a t B a b o u r s C o m m e n t a r i e s
’
a ug m en t es
’
.
,
A d m
’
p a r j a h a ng i r w e r e tr a n s l a t e d i n t o P e r s i a n b y b u r -r a hi ‘
.
Ersk i n e m a d e an swe r I k n o w n o t o n w h a t a uth o r i ty t h e l e a r n e d

,
L an glés h a z a rd e d thi s a sse r t i o n w h i c h is c e rt a i nl y i n c o rr e c t ,
( M e m o i rs P r
,
e f a c e p ix ) H a d L a n glés
, . s o m e wh e r e m e t
. wi th
J a h a n gi r s a t t e s t a ti o n s ? H e h a d a ut h o ri ty if h e ha d s e e n m e r e ly t he
’
s t a t e m en t o f 1 6 0 7 bu t E r s ki n e w a s r i gh t a l so b e c a u s e t h e P e r s i a n
, ,
tr a n s l a ti o n c o n t a i n s n o m o r e t h a n t h e u n a u gm en t e d Tu r ki t e xt .
The r o y al s t o p -g a p s a r e in K e h r s MS a n d th r o u gh Ilm in ski r e a c h e d

’
.
D e C o u r t e ille wh e n c e t h e b iti n g a n d th o r o u gh a n al y s i s o f t h e
,
t h r ee Fr a gm en t s b y Te u fe l B o th e p is o d e s fl t h e L a n glés a n d t h e
.
For ana ly i s s o f a r e t ra n s a t e l dp a ssa ge se JR A Se . 19 08 , p . 85 .

x l vi P R E F A CE
Te u f e l o n e s ar e t i —w a s t e r s b ut th ey a re c o m pr e h en s i b l e in t he
me -
c ir c u m s t a n c e s th a t J a h a n g ir c o ul d no t f o r e s e e t h e c o n se q u en c es
o f h is d o u b tl ess g o o d i n t en t i o n s .
If t h e q u es t i o n a ri s e o f h o w wri t i n gs th a t h a d h a d p l a c e in
J a h an gir s li b r a r y r e ac h e d B ukh a r a th e ir Op en r o a d is thr o u gh t h e
’
P a d s h a h s c o rr es p on den c e (Ap p Q an d r e fe r e n c es) wi th a d e sc e n d a n t

’
.
,
o f Ahr a r i in wh o se h a n ds th e y w e r e c l o s e t o B u kh a r a
I
.
I t gr o up s s c a t t e r e d i n fo rm a t i o n t o r e c a l th a t S a li m (J a h a n gi r ) w as
A b d u r -r a him s w a rd t h a t th e n a s n o w B ab u r s A ut o b io gr a phy
‘ ’ ’ ’
, , ,
wa s t h e b e s t e x a m pl e o f c l a s s i c Turk i an d th a t it w o ul d a p p e al o n ,
g r o u n d s o f p i e ty — a s i t di d a p p e a l o n so m e s u ffi c i e n t gr o u n d —
t o
h a v e it s b r o k e n s t o r y m a d e go o d A l so th a t f or thr e e o f t h e f o ur .
p o rti o n s A bu l faz l s c o n c i s e m a t t e r wa s t o h a n d
’ ’
- .
IX
My i n fo rm a ti o n c o n c e rn i n g j B a b u ria n a
h an P a d s h a h un d er Sh a h i
- - a
( 1 6 2 8 —
5 8 ) i s v e r y m e a gr e I t c o n s i s t s o f ( 1 ) hi s. a t t es t a t i on o f a -
S i gn a tu r e o f B a b ur Ap p Q a n d ph o t o h f h
) ( )
’
( 2 i s
.
p o s s e ss i o n o B a u t s ,
a u t o gr a ph C o d e x ( P a ds h a h-n a m a B ib I n d c d ii a n d , (3 ) . . .
, ,
h is a c c e p t a n c e a n d th a t by h is l i t e r a r y e n t o ur a ge o f Mir Ab u -t a l ib
, ,
H u s a in i s Pe r s i a n tr an s l a t i o n o f Ti m u r s A n n al s t h e Ma lf u z a t
’ ’
wh o s e p r e p a r a ti o n t e Z f a n a m a d e sc ri b e s a n d wh ose l i n k wi th
h a r -
B a b u r s wri ti n gs is th a t o f t h e e x e m pl a r t o t h e e m ul a t o r
’
2
.
X
Th e H a i da r a b a d C o de x m ay
h a v e b een i n sc rib e d u n d e r A ur an g
z ib P a d sh a h (1 6 55 So m an y p a r ti c ul a r s a b o u t it h a v e b e e n
g i v e n a lr e a dy th a t l i t tl e n e e d s s a yi n
g h e r e 3 I t w a s t h e gr a n de .
tr ou va ille o f m y s e a r c h f o r Tu rk i t e xt wh e r e wi th t o r e v i v e B ab u r s
’
a ut o b io gr a phy b o th in Turk i a n d E n g li s h My h u sb a n d in 1 9 0 0 .
s a w i t in H a id a r a b a d th r o u gh t he k i n d o ffi c e s o f t h e l a t e S a yyi d
T u z u a-i -
ja fi a ng i r i , “
R g
B e v e r idg e s t rs 1, 110
o e rs A S 19 00,
'
7 5 6 , f o r t he
’
. JR . p .
P e rs ia n p a s sa e , 19 08 ,g 76 f o r t h e p . ra m e n t s 19 00, F g
4 76 f o r Ilm in s ki s r e fa c e
’
p
. P
( a se c o n t ra n s a t io n is a c c es s i e a t t h e B M a n d
d l bl L ib ra r a n d . Ill em oi r s
. y
P re fa c e ,p . ix , n e s n u d e C o u r t e ille , T e u fe l , B u kha 1a MSS a n d a r t Ii i eo cap
I d x . . . P .
2 - ’
j
F o r Sha h 1 a ha n 5 in t e r e s t in im u r s ee Si n i e n in a c o T o f h is n o t e u g gv
is h e In py p bl d
l vl bd
m y t ra n s a t io n o u m e o f G u l a a n B e im s H u m ay u n n a m a ,
’
giii p x . .
JR
3 A S 19 00 . p
4 66 , 1902 p 6 5 5 , 19 05 a rt s n , 19 08
. . 7 8 , 9 8 ; n e z n loco s n . . . pp . I dx . .
x l v iii P R E F A CE
had som e k n o wl e d ge thr o u gh t h e A b du r -r a hi m (Pe rs i an ) tr a ns ‘ ’
l a t i on H is Tu ki t e xt b o o k w o ul d b e t h e MS o f t he A s i a t i c S o c i e ty
. r -
.
o f B e n ga l a p a rt -c o y o f t h e B ukh a r a c o m il a t i o n f r m whi h he
I
, p p o c ,
h a d t he I n di a O ffi c e MS c o pi e d H e t o o k up Turk i a ga i n in 1 8 1 0
. .
,
a f t e r h is r e tu r n f r o m M a l a y a n d whil s t a w a i t i n rd i C l u t t
g o e r s n a c a
f o r d ep a r tur e t o J a v a H e s a il e d in t h e a utu m n o f t he y e a r a n d di e d
.
in A u gu s t Mu c h c an b e l e a rn e d a b o u t him a n d h is Turk i
o c c u p a ti o n s f r o m l e tt e r s (i n r a xiii ) w r i t t en t o E r s k i n e by him a n d
f
b y o t h e r s o f t he S c o t ti s h b an d whi c h n o w a c hi e v e d s u c h fi n e r es ul t s
f or B ab u r s A ut o b i o gr a ph y
’
.
I t is n e c e ss a ry t o s a y s o m e thi n g Of Ley d en s p a rt in p r o du c i n g t he ’
Mem oir s b e c a u se E rs k i n e d e s iri n g t o l o se n o thi n g th a t m i gh t

, ,
a dd t o L e yden s r e pu t a ti on h as a ss i gn e d t o him a n u n du e p o s i t i o n
’
o f c o ll a b o r a ti o n i n i t b o th b y g i vi n g him pr e m i e r l i t t i tl
p a c e o n s e
p a ge a n d b y a t trib uti n g t o him t he b eg i n n i n g t h e tr a n s l a ti o n .
Wh a t o n e g l e a n s o f L e yd e n s c h a r a c t e r m a k es a n i m p r ess i o n o f
’
u n a ss u m p t io n th a t w o ul d f o r b i d his a c c e p t a n c e o f t h e p o s thu m o u s
p o s i t i o n g i v e n t o him a n d a s his t r a n s l a t i on s h ew s t h e tyr o in

, ,
Tu r k i th e r e c an b e n o gr o u n d fo r s upp o s i n g h e w o ul d wi s h his
,
c o m p e t en c e in i t o v e r e s t i m a t e d
- H e h a d a s d a t es Sh o w n o thi n g .
, ,
t o d o wi th t h e a c tu a l w o rk o f t h e Mem oir s whi c h w a s fi n i s h e d

b efo r e E rs k i n e h a d s e e n in 1 8 1 3 wh a t Le y d e n h a d s e t do w n b e fo r e
h e d i e d in 1 8 1 1 A S t h e Mem oir s is n o w a r a r e b o o k I q u o t e
.
,
f r o m it wh a t E r s ki n e s a ys (Pr e fa c e p ix ) o f L e yd en s r o u g h
’
.
,
Thi s a c q ui s i ti o n (i e o f L e yden s t rs ) r e du c e d m e
’
tr a n s l a t i o n °
. . .
t o r a th e r a n a wkw a r d d il e m m a T h e t wo tr an s l a ti o n s (his o wn .
a n d L e y d en s ) d i ffe r e d in m a n y i m p o rt an t p a r ti c u l a rs ; b ut a s
’
D r L e yd e n h a d t h e a d v a n t a ge o f t r a n s l a t i n g f r o m t h e o rig i n a l
.
,
I r e so l v e d t o a d o p t his t r an s l a t i o n a s f a r a s i t w e n t c h an gi n g ,
o n l y su c h e xp r e s s i o n s i n i t a s se em e d e vi d e n tly t o b e in c o n
s i s t e n t wi th t h e c o n t e xt o r wi th o th e r p a rt s o f t h e Mem oir s
, or ,
s u c h a s s ee m e d e vi d e n tly t o o r i g i n a t e in t h e o v e r s i gh t s th a t a r e
u n a v o i d a b l e in a n u n fi n i s h e d w o rk Thi s l a b o u r I h a d c o m pl e t e d .
2
1
C f J R A S 1900 N
. . V I V II VIII
, os .
, ,
.
2
Il m i ki ns d iffi l t i s e f sh d w d he e by t he s m e c o fu i o f id t ty
’
s cu e ar o re a o e r a n s on en i
b e t we en t he B b - m p p
a ur n a d t h B k h a c o m pil t io ( P e f c e P t iii p
a ro er an e u ar a n r a , ar , .
P RE F A CE x l ix
wi th d i ffi c ul t y wh e n Mr E lph in s t o n e s en t m e t h e c o p y o f t h e
som e , .
Mem oirs of B a ber in t h e o ri gin al T ark i (i e The E lp h i n s t on e C o dex) . .
whi c h h e h a d p r o c u r e d wh en h e w en t t o Pe sh a w a r o n his e m b a ssy

t o K a bul Thi s c o p y wh ic h h e h a d s u p p o s e d t o h a v e b e en s en t
.
,
with D r L ey d en s m a n u s c ript s f r o m C a l c ut t a h e wa s n o w fo rtu n a t e

’
.
,
e n o u g h t o r e c o v e r (in his o wn l ibr a r y a t P o o n a ) T h e di s c o v e r y .
o f th i s v a lu a b l e m a n u s c ri p t r e du c e d m e th o u g h h ea r til y s i c k o f t h e ,
t as k t o t h e n e c e s s i t y o f c o m m e n c i n g m y w o r k o n c e m o r e
, .
E r s k i n e s Pr e fa c e (p p x xi ) c o n t a i n s v a ri o u s o th e r r e fe r en ces t o
’
.
,
L e yd en s w o rk whi c h i n di c a t e it s q u a li t y a s t en t a ti v e a n d u n r e vi se d
’
.
I t is n o w in t h e B r i t i s h Mu s e um L ibr a ry .
XII
Li ttl e n ee d b utbe Mem oir s of B a bor E r s k i n e
sa id h ere a o t he .
I
w o r k e d o n a b a s i s o f c o n s id e r a b l e e a rl i e r a c qu a i n t an c e wi th his
,
P e r s i a n o rigi n a l f o r a s his Pr e f a c e t e l l s h e h a d (a ft e r L e yd en s
’
, , ,
d e a t h) b eg un t o tr a n s l a t e thi s s o m e ye a r s b e fo r e h e d e fi n i t e ly
a c c e p t e d t h e c o u n s e l o f E lph in s t o n e a n d M a l c olm t o u n d e r t a k e
t h e Mem oir s H e fi n i s h e d his tr a n s l a t i o n in 1 8 1 3 an d b y 1 8 1 6

. ,
w as a b l e t o d e di c a t e his c o m pl e t e v o lu m e t o E lp h i n s t o n e but ,
p ubl i c a t i o n w a s d e l a y e d ti l l 1 8 26 H is w a s di ffi c ul t p i o n ee r -w o rk .
,
a n d c a rr i e d thr o u gh wi th t h e dr a w b a c k o f w o r ki n g o n a s e c o n d a r y
s o ur c e . I t h a s d o n e y e o m a n s e r vi c e o f whi c h t h e c r o w n i n g m e ri t ,
is it s i n tr o du c ti o n o f B a b u r s a u t o bi o gr a p h y t o t h e W e s t e r n w o r l d
’
.
XI I I
A m o n gs t E r s k i n e s l i t e r a ry r em a i n s
v e ral b o u n d v o l u m e s o f
’
a re s e
l e t t e r s f r o m E lphi n st o n e M a l c o l m L e y d en a n d o th e r s o f th a t , , ,
di s t i n gu i sh e d gr o up o f S c o t s who p r o m o t e d t h e r e v iv al o f B ab u r s
’
wri t i n gs E r s k in e s gr a n d so n t he l a t e Mr L est oc q E r s k i n e p l a c e d
.
’
,
.
,
th es e wi th o th e r p a p e rs a t o u r di sp o s a l a n d t h ey a re n o w l o c a t e d
, , ,
w h e r e th e y h a v e b e e n w e l c o m e d a s a p pr o pria t e a ddi ti o n s —
E l p hi n
s t o n e s a re in t h e A d v o c a t e s Libr a ry w h er e a lr e a d y (1 8 2 6 ) he
’ ’
, ,
thr o u gh E r s k i n e h a d d e p o s it e d his o wn C o d e x a n d wi th his

,
C f E rs .
ki ’
ne s Pr e f a c e p a ss i m , an d i n loco it e m XI , ca p . iv . T he Mem oir s of B a ber ,
and I dx
n e s n . .
P RE F A CE
l e t t er s a re th o s e o f M a l c o l m a n d m o r e o c c a s i o n al c o rr esp on d en t s ;
L e y d en s l e t t e r s (a n d v a ri o u s p a p er s ) a r e in t he M em o r i a l C o t t a ge
’
m a i n t a i n e d in his b i r th p l ac e D e n h o l m (H a wi c k ) by t h e E di n burgh
B o r de r C o u n ti e s A s so c i a t i on ; s o m e thi n g fi t t i n g w en t t o t h e B o m b ay
A s i a t i c S o c i e t y a n d a v o lu m e o f dia r y t o t h e Br i t i s h Mu se um .
L e y d en s p a p e r s will h e lp his f ull e r b io g r a ph y ; Elp hin s t o n e s l e t t e r s

’ ’
h a v e Sp ec i al v a l u e a s r e c o rdi gn h is c o o p e r a t i o n wi th E r s k in e b y
-
m u c h f ri e n dl y c rit i c ism r e m o n s tr a n c e a ga i n s t d e l a y c o u n s e l s a n d
, ,
e n c o ur a gem en t Th ey m o r eo v e r s h e w t he e s ti m a t e an a ec o m
.
, ,
h d m an o f m o d e r n a ffa ir s f o r m e d o f B a b ur P a d sh a h s c h a r a c t e r
’
p lis e
a n d c o n du c t ; s o m e h a v e b e e n q u o t e d in C ol eb r o o ke s L if e of
’
E lp hin s ton e b u t th e r e t h e y s u ffe r b y d e t a c h m en t f r o m t h e r e s t o f

,
his B a b u ria n a l e t t e r s ; b o u n d t o ge th e r a s t h e y n o w a r e an d w ith ,
b rief e xpl an a t o ry in t e rp o l a t i o n s th e y w o ul d m a k e a w e l c o m e it e m
,
P i
’
f or B a b ur a d s h a h s B o o k -
p l e
XIV
In Ma y 1 9 2 1 t h e c o n t en t s o f th e se v ol um es w e r e c om p l e t e d , n am e ly ,
t h e B a bu r -n a m a i n E ngl i s h up p l em en t s t h e a i m s o f
an d it s s , whi c h
a re t o m a k e B a bur k n o w n in E n gl i s h di c t i o n a n s w e ri n g t o his
ip s is sim a ver ba a n d t o b e s e rv i c e ab l e t o r e a d e r s an d s tud en t s o f

,
his b oo k a n d o f c l a ss i c Tu r k i .
XV
wri t i n gs b a s e d up on or r e l a t i n g t o B ab u r s t h e f o l l o wi n g
’
Of
h a v e ap p ea r ed
D e n kwu r digke it e n de s Z a hir uddi n Muh a m m a d B a b a r — A K ai se r
- .
( p g
L e i z i ,
T hi s c o n s i s t s o f e xtr a c t s tr a n s l a t e d f r o m t h e
M em o irs .
A n a b ri d ge m e n t o f t he M e m o ir s R M C a ld ec o t t (L on don . .
,
H is t o ry o f I n di a — B a b e r a n d H u m a yu n W E r s ki n e (L o n gm a n s .
,
1 85 4 )
B ab ar R u l e r s o f I n di a s eri es St a n l ey l (O x fo rde -
L an P o o e
W
,
T u z u k-i-b a b a ri or a qi a t i b a b a ri (i e
-
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- t h e P e r si a n t r s )
. . E llio t .
an d D o wso n H i s t o r y o f I n di a 1 8 7 2 v ol iv
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s , , . .
P REF A CE u
B a bur P a d s h a h Gha z i
B e v e ri d ge (C a l c ut t a R e vi e w H .
,
B a b u r s di a m o n d wa s it t he K o h-i-n u r
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, H B e v e rid ge A s i a t i c .
,
Qu a r t e rl y R e vi e w Ap ril 1 8 9 9
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a s A b du r -r a him t h e tr a n s l a t o r o f B a b u r s M em o i r s ?
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(i e t h e . .
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g Q .
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A n E m p ir e -b uil d e r o f t h e 1 6 th c en tury B a b ur— L a ur en c e F L , . .
Wi lli a m s (A ll a h a b a d ,
N o t e s o n t h e MSS o f t h e Tu r k i t e x t (B a au r -n a m a S v rid
.
) A B e e ge . .
,
J RA S 1 9 0 0 1 9 0 2 1 9 2 1 1 9 0 5 a n d P a rt I I 1 9 0 6 1 9 0 7 1 9 0 8
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p 5 2 a n d p 8 2 8 1 9 0 9 p 4 5 2 (s ee I n d e x a n A S B for t op i c s)
. .
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[F or o th e r a rt i c l e s a n d n o t e s by H B s ee I n d ex s u ] . . . .
Pa r t III . T he Bu k h ar a Ba b u r -
n am e
Thi s is a s i n gul a r b o o k a n d h a s ha d a c a r e e r a s Si n g ul a r a s it s
c h a r a c t e ri s t i c s a v e r
y ,c o m e dy o f (b l a m e l e ss ) e rr o r s a n d m i s c h a n c e .
F o r i t is a c o m p il a ti o n o f i t e m s di v e rs e in o r i gin di c ti o n an d a ge , , ,
pl a n n e d t o b e a r ec o rd o f t h e A c t s o f B a bu r a n d H u m a yu n d ep en d en t ,
thr o u gh it s B a b ur p o rt i o n o n t he Ab du r-r a hi m P ers i a n t r a n s l at i on ‘ ’
fo r re -tr an s l a t i o n o r v e r b a ti m q u o t a ti o n o r d o v e -t a il i n g effec t e d o n
, ,
t he t a t t e r e d f ra gm e n t s o f wh a t h a d o n c e b e e n K a m ran s C o d e x o f
’
t he B a b ur mam a pr o p e r t h e wh o l e i n t e r sp er s e d b y s t Op g p
-
,
- a s a
t trib ut
a b l e t o J a h a n gi r Th e s e a n d o th e r s p e c i al i ti e s n o twi th s t a n di n g i t
. ,
r a n k e d fo r n e a rl y 2 0 0 y e a r s as a r e pr o du c ti o n o f B a b u r S a uth en t i c
’
t e xt a s s u c h wa s se n t a br o a d
,
as such wa s r e c o n s tru c t e d an d
,
prin t e d in K a sa n tra n s l a t e d in P a ris c a t a l og u e d f or
t he P e tr ogr a d O ri en t al S c h oo l a n d f o r t h e I n di a O ffi c e
“
M a n i fe s t c a u ses fo r t h e c o n fu s i o n o f id e n ti ty a re (1 ) l ac k o f t he ,
uid c i B ukh a r a a n d P e tr o gr a d o f c o ll a ti on wi th t h e t r u e t e xt
g a n e n ,
( )
2 w an t o f i n f o r m a ti o n i n t h e P e tr o gr a d o
,
f 1 7 0 0— 2 5 a b o ut B a b ur s ,
c a r e e r c o up l e d wi t h t h e d i ffi c ul t ie s o f c o m m u n i c a ti o n w i th B ukh a r a
,
,
h m i l di f tur e in t h e c o m pi l e d b o o k o f it s a uth o r s
(3) t e s e a n g e a
t
r e en t i on o f t h e a ut o b i o g p
r a hi c f o r m o f h is so ur c e s wi th o ut e x ,
pl a n a ti o n a s t o wh e t h e r he e n t e r e d su rv i vi n g fr a gm en t s o f K a m r an s
’
T h l t b l w w s g ive t o t h ph
e as o a n e an t a sm a l p re u t a t io n o f t he b k by t h
oo e a u t h o r it a t i e v
Ha ida rab d C d x wh i h w
a o be s
e c no c an ee n in f a c s im i l e In man yLb i rar i e s .
l ii P R EF A CE
f m A r a him s P e r s i an t r a n sl a
’ ’
C o de x p a,
t c hi n gs o r e xtr a c t s r o b du r - ‘
t io n o r q u o t a t i o n s o f J a h a n g ir s s t o p -ga p s Of th es e thr ee c a u se s
’
.
,
fo r e rr o r t h e fi r s t is d o m i n a n t e n t a il i n g as it do es t h e dr a w b a c k s ,
b es e tt in g w o rk on a n i n a d eq u a t e b a s i s .
I t is n ec e ssa r y t o e n u m e r a t e t he i t em s o f t h e C om p il a t ion h er e
a s t h ey a r e a rr an ge d in K e hr s a ut o gr a ph C o d e x b ec a u s e th a t c o d e x
’
(s til l in L on d on ) m a y n o t a lw a y s b e a c c e s s ib l e an d b e c a u se t h e ,
I
im p rin t d o es n o t o b ey it s m o d e l b ut a i m s a t c l o s e r a gr eem en t o f t he ,
B u kh a r a C o m p i l a t i on wi th Ilm in ski s gr a t e f ul l y ac k n o wl e d ged

’
g uid e Th e M e m o i r s of B a ber D i s t i n c t i on in c o m m e n t in g on t h e .
B u kh a r a an d t he K a s a n v e r s i o n s is n ec e ssa r y ; th e ir di sc r e p a n c y
~
is a s c e n e in t he c o m edy o f e rr o r s .
p d
B u t f o r r e s e n t iffi c u t ie s o f in t e rc o u rse wit h l
e t ro ra P g d I , w o u h a e r e - ld v
e amin e x d
wit h K ’
e hr s t h e c o a t era o e ll
o f 17 4 2 (c o ie lC d x
in 18 39 a n d p d n o w o wn e t he d by
e t ro ra P g d
U v
n i er s it ) y
I t m i ht b e u s e f u , a s
. g ’
e hr s o u m e has o st l K v l l pg
a e s an d m a y b e isarra n e d gd
he re a n d t he re .
T he istl of K eh ’
it e m s is a s fo o ws
r s ll
1 ( n ot i n t il e I mp r i n t ) A e t t e r f ro m Ba u r t o l a m ra n t he a t e o f which is b d K
xd
fi e a s 15 27 by
it s c o m m it t i n g
’ ’
Ib
ra h im L u a i s s o n t o K a m ra n s c har e (
’
It g p .
d g k C pl
is h e a r o f a a in in t h e B u ha ra o m i a t io n , is o s t f ro m
’
eh r s o e , a n d res e r e l K Cdx p vd
fro m h is a r ch e t e yp by K l p l
a r o t h wh o t ra n s a t e it Be in t hu s fo u n in Bu ha ra in t he d g . d k
fi rs t d d g
e c a e o f t he e i h t e e n t h c e n t u r y ( o u r e ar ie s t n o w e e o f t he o m i a t io n is l k l dg C pl
t he in f ere n c e is a o w e ll dt ha t it w e n t t o Bu khara e s o o t f r o m t h e e f ea t e l d d
p d
K a m ran s c am a n d t ha t a n e n o rs e m e n t it s c o m a n io n Ba u r -ma m a ( ro e r ) e a rs was
’
p b p p b
ma e d by v
t h e A u z b e g o f t w o ic t o rs o e r v K a m ra n , o t h o f 15 5 0, o t h in ra m on t ana b 1
b T .
2 ( n ot i n T-
im u r p u la d s m em o a o u t t he u r c ha s e o f his
’
o e . b
in c i rp Cdx .
15 21 eo cap p ost ) . .
3 ( I mp I ) . o m i er s
.
’
C pl
re f a c e o f ra is e ( P
A S 19 00, P JR . p .
4 ( I mp .Ba b u r s A c t s in F a rg ha n a , in ic t io n s u ch a s t o s e e m a r e -tran s a t io n
’
d l
o f t he P l
ers ian t ra n s a t io n o f 15 8 9 H o w m u c h o f K am ran s MS was s e r ic e a e is v bl
’
. .
n o t ea s y d d b
t o e ci e , ec a use t h e u r i fe t t e r in of
’
A T k’
-
u r r a h im s
’
ers ia n g
en s it s e f bd P l d l
d
a m ira bly l
-
t o t e t ran s a t io n
’
.
5 ( I mp .T he e s cu e - a ss a e R
( Ap p ) p
a t t ri u t a ge to a ha n ir . D b bl J g .
6 ( I mp .
’
Bab u r s A c t s in a u , s e e m in ( i e N oKb l4 ) a t e -t ra n s a t ion o r g lk . l
p a t ch in o f t a t t e re a es dp g T l p
he r e ar e a so a s sa e s t a e n e r a t im f ro m t he e rs ia n
. g k v b P .
7 I mp om it s ) . l g
A sh o rt e n t h o f Ba b u r s H in u st a n Sec t io n , c ar e f u
.
’
s he wn d lly
d am a e g d by do t s an d a sh e s d .
8 (I mp . W p
it h in 7 , t h e s u riou s a ssa e o f A p p L a n d a s o sc a t t e re p g
assa e s . l dp g
b
a o u t a f ea s t , e rh a s p p p
a rt o f 7 .
9 (I mp s ep a r a t es of a t en d of v ol )
. ra n s a t e a ssa e f r o m t he A kba r -
. T l d p
n ama , g
b bl
a t t ri u t a e to a han ir , J rie g
t e in of b flya n wa ll g K
Ba b u r s a t t e r e a rs ( o t h
’
l y b
c ha n e gd t o fi r s t e r so n ), p ea t h a n d c o u r t 3 d .
Th a t B ab ur - K a m r a n -d o c ke t
n am a o f t he is t h e m u t i a t ed a n d t a t t ered b asis, a l owe d b y l l
c u c u m s t a n c e , o f t h e c o m ile d his t o r
y p
o f B a b ur , fi lle d o u t a n d m e n d e d b y t h e h e l of t he Pers ia n p
t r an s la t io n o f 15 89 '
C f K e hr s a t in T r s fl y - L
le a f en t r y ; K la r o t h s u g A N t rs H B , 26 0 1 p p
p
. . . . . . . . . . .
- '
{ 238
1 1903 19 09 , o n t h e K a mr an d o c k e t (wh ere are d ef e c t s n eed in g K la ro t h s se co n d art ic le
1
p
AF o r an an alysis o f a n illu s t r a t iv e ass ag e see J RAS 1906 ; f o r fac ilit ies o f t e-trans la t ion sec
px
.
co cap v iii, wh ere E r ski n e is n o t ed

p
. .
r e fa c es o f Il m in ski a n d d e C o u r t eille i ZD M
.
8 S ee A N t ran s . .26 0 ; .
’
G x x x v ii, T eu tel s ar t ! . .
,
J RAS 1906 . .
P REF A CE l iii
’
b ght t n e d in co mpl et e in t h b l n c e n eed e d
[Ba b u r s his t o ry ha s b e en t hu s ro u o a n , e a a
f 7 I K h s v l m fe w p g es e l e f t bl k e x cep t fo r wh t she ws a R u ss i
’
o . n e r o u e a a ar an a an
l ib i pi i f t he pl n f t he bo k H e e en d t he w it ings f Sh h
ra r a n s o
’
n on o a o o , r r o a
10 (I mp m it ) P ef e t t he hist ory f H um yu b egi i g t t he C“ t ion
. o s . r ac o o a n, nn n a rea
a n d d es c d i g by gi t s t id es t h gh t ic s f Kh s nd S l t n s t
en n an r B b ro u no e o an a u a o a ur
M i wh w s t he f th er f H um y n P d h h
rz a o a Of Baba wh t f ther is sa id
o a u a s a
”
. ur a ur
n c t s wit h t h e b t t l e o f G h d v i f o m ed l yin g
-
c on e
j- n ( 9 18 15 1 2 g m )
a It i s il l a a a
—
. n r , a
bl m e him if he n d t N j m S i h d m m d d- pe ks f his p efe en c e
a on as a no a an a co an e s a o r r
f or th c se l
e fy gm
oun d f t he um b e s f co m b t t s
o oun It is n o t ic e bl e fo r
en an o n r o . a an . a
m e th or it s in d q cy h w eve ; it s se l c t ion o f t he G h j-d av n e p iso d e fro m a ll
an a e ua o r e a a
o th s in B hu s c
er e pp t c i c m st t i l ly wh t is d l t with l t e the G haj
a t
’
a re r su or s r u an a a ea a r,
d v i au tho hip f t he C o m pil t ion

a an rs o a .
11 (I mp m it ) U d .h d in g
o H m yu n P ad sh h
s . i a f g m e n t bo t
n er a ea u a a s ra a u
(his ? A cce i n ) F st wh t h b o ken o ff by l s o f his pages o r o f t ho se f his rc h

ss o ea , e er r os o a e
t yp e x m i t io n o f t he P U iv C o d e x m y sh o w
e a na . n . a .
12 (I mp A n e x c l l en t c py f B b H i du t Se ct io n p e haps o b ta in e d
’
. e o o a ur s n s an , r
f o m t he A h
r i h e [This I lm i ski pl ce ( I t hi k ) whe re K hr h s N o
ra r ous . n a s n e a .
F o m it s posit io n nd f m its b e i g sc ibe d t e o f c m pl et i n ( which Kehr bri gs

r a ro ar n a r
’
s a o o n
o ve ) vi
r , T m t a d 1126 ( F in i he d
z . a t h e c o m pil e m y h ve t ak
s u it f o r s r a a en
H u m yu s pe rh ps f t f his ec n q e st o f H i d in 15 5 5
’
a n th e c o
, a or a c un o r o u n .
[T he re m in i g en t ies i K eh s vo l m q t a in which m y m k e j e stin g

’
a ne r n r u e ar a ua r a a
r e fe e n c e t o his fi ish e d t sk
r l ib i n s R ussi n t y f t he n u m be o f p g s
n a , a rar a
’
a en r o r a e
n d t he w o d s E t blissem A del g 18 25 (t he D irect o r f t h e

'
a t Om e t le F
r a en n a , r. un ,
o
Scho o l f m ro
1 F or p art iculars ab ou t K ehr s C od ex s ee Smirn ov s C a t alogu e o f t h e Sch oo l Lib r ary an d J RAS.

’ ’
1900, 1906 Lik e o t h ers who h a v e m ad e s t a t em en t s r es ti ng on t he m is t ak en ide n t it y o f t he B ukh ar a

p
.
C o m ila t ion , m an y o f m in e ar e n ow giv en t o t he win d s .
O U TL I N E OF T HE H I STORY O F T HE C OM P I LATI ON .
An i m p ell i n g u s e fo r t h e p r o du c t i o n o f t h e B ukh a r a c o m p il a t ion

ca
is s ugge s t e d b y t he d a t e 1 7 0 9 a t whi c h wa s fi n i s h e d t h e e a rl i es t
e x am pl e k n o w n t o m e F or in t he fi r s t d e c a d e o f t he e i gh t een th .
c e n tur y P e t e r t he G r ea t g a v e a t t en ti o n t o R u ss i an r e l a ti on s wi th
fo re i gn s t a t e s o f C e n tr al A s i a a n d n e goc ia t e d wi th t he K h an o f
B ukh a r a fo r t he r e c e p ti o n o f a R u s s i a n m issio n Pol i ti c al aim s .
I
w o uld b e fo rw a rd e d if e n v o y s w e re f a m il i a r wi th Turki ; b ooks

in th a t t u
o n g e f o r u se in t e h S c h o o l o f O r i e n t a l L a n g gu a es w o u l d
d
b e es ed ; ir thu s t he C o m pil a t i o n m a y h a v e b e e n p r o m p t e d a n d ,
as w h w
ill b e s o n a e r it al t pp e a r s t o h a v e b e e n pr o d u c e d an d n o t ,
fl
,
r l
me e y co e pi d in 1 7 0 9 T he Mi s s i o n s d e s p a t c h w a s d e l a
. y e d t ill ’
i t rr v
i e ind B ukh i duri n g i t s s t a y a m e m b e r o f
1719 a a r a n 1 7 2 1
r t
it s s e c e a i a r t b u
o g h t a C om pi la ti o n MS n o t e d as fi n i s h e d in 1 7 4
1 .
an d o n a y
- ea f o f l it m a d e t h e f o ll o wi n g no e t
See G re g o rie f s u ss ia n o c
’
R p li y re gardi ng C en t ra l A si a q u ot e d in Schu yl er s ’
T k
u r is t a n , A p p IV . .
T he M
ission was w e re ce i e , s t a rt e to ll vd d re t u rn to P t r g ad w s t ta c ked b y
e o r , a a
Tu rkm a n s , w e n t b
a c k t o Bu ha ra , an d t h e re s t a e k y d u t il it n cou l d t t m pt t h d vi s o t
a e e e ou r u e
b g
wh ich ro u ht it t o t h e c a it a in 17 25 p l .
liv P RE F A CE
f Mir z a R aja b
’
I, T im u r u la a s on o
-
p s ou (y
‘
P ay —old ie, b oug lz t t his
book B a bu r -u a m a a f t er c om in
g t o Zia / M
a ra w it fz [t /z e] R u s s ia n F l or in
B eg B eu ev eu i, e n v oy f
o t he P a ds /t a b w lz os e a r my is n u m er ou s a s
t fz e s t a r s My a i t ée w ell r ecei v ed A m en I 0 L or d f bot h

o
Wld or s
’
Tim ur - u la d s
h op e f or a go o d r e c e pti on in di c a t es a d e fi n it e
p
r ec i p ien t p e rh ap s a c o m m i ss i o n e d p urc h ase T he v en d o r m a y h a v e
, .
b e en a ske d f or a hi s t o r y o f B a b ur ; he s o l d on e b ut B a b ur “ ‘
is n o t n ec e ssa rily a t itl e a n d is n o t s ui t a b l e f o r t h e

”
n am a ,
C o m p il a ti on b y c o n v e rs a t ion a l m i sc h an ce it m ay h a v e s e e m e d s o
t o t h e p ur c h ase r an d thu s h a v e i n i ti a t e d t h e m i s t ake o f c on fu s i n g
t he B ukh a r a B ab ur —n a m a wi th t he t ru e o n e .
Thu s en d o rse d t he b o o k in 1 7 2 5 r e a c h e d t he F o r e i gn O ffi c e

,
ther e in 1 73 7 it was o b t ain e d b y G e o rge J a c o b K ehr a t e ac h e r o f ,
Turk i a m on gs t o th e r l an gu age s in t h e O ri en t al S c h o o l wh o C op i e d
, , ,
it wi th m e ti c ul o u s c a r e u n d e rs t a n di n g it s m e a n i n g i m p e r fe c t ly
, ,
in o rd e r t o p r o du c e a L a ti n v e r s i o n o f i t H is L a ti n r e n d e ri n g wa s .
a fi a s c o b ut his r e r o du c t i o n o f t h e A r a b i c f o r m s o f his a r c h e t y e
, p p
wa s s o o b e di e n t th a t o n it s s o l e b asis Ilm in ski e di t e d t he K a san
m
I p ri t n A c o l l a t e r a l c o p y o f t he T i m ur pul a d C o de x was
-
m a d e in 1 74 2 (as h as b een s a i d ) .
In 1 8 2 4 K l a pr o th (wh o in 1 8 1 0 h a d m a d e a l e ss v a lu a b l e e xtr ac t
f m K ) f m h m - l d
’
p e rh a p s r o e hr s C o d e x c o p i e d r o t e T i ur p u a MS .
i t s p urc h as e r s n o t e t h e e n d o r se m en t a s t o t h e tr a n s fe r
’
o f t he K a m r a n -d o c k e t a n d B ab u r s l e t t e r t o K a m r a n (Me m oir es
’ ’
r ela t if s a ZA s i e ( P a r i s )
’ ’
.
In 1 8 5 7 Ilm in ski w o rki n g in K as an pr o du c e d his i m p ri n t whi c h

, , ,
b ec am e de C o urt e ill e s s o urc e f or L es Mémoires do B a ber in 1 8 7 1

’
.
N o w o rke r in t he a b o v e se rie s s h e w s d o u b t a b o u t ac c e pt i n g t h e
C o m p il a ti on a s c o n t a i n i n g B ab u r s a uth en ti c t e x t Ilm in ski wa s
’
.
'
in t h e di ffi c ul t p o s i ti o n o f n o t h a vi n g en tir e r e l i a n c e o n K e hr s
tr a n sc rip t ion a n a tur al a p pr e h ens i o n in fac e o f t he q u a li t y o f t he
,
L a t i n v er s i o n his d o u b t s s u m up i n t o his w o rd s t h a t a r el i a b l e
,
t e xt c o ul d n o t b e m a d e f r o m his s o ur c e (K e hr s b ut th a t a ’
Turki r e a di n g-b ook c o ul d a n d wa s A s has b ee n s a id h e did n o t .

,
l vi P R E F A CE
P RE F A CE l v ii
Sen ko v ski b r o u gh t it
v er f r o m his a rc h e t yp e ; Mr Sal em an n
o .
sen t i t t o m e in it s o ri g i n a l Turk i f o r m
( J R A S 1 9 0 0 p . .
, .
Sen kov s ki s o wn c o l o p h o n is a s f o ll o w s
’
“ hev e 4 Ma i
f ai ac i l 18 24 , a S t P et er s bu rg ;
’
cet t e co p ell e a e t e
’
e e , .
f a it e d ap r es un ex em p la i r e a pp u r t en a n t a N az ar B a i T u r kis t a n z ,
g ocia n t B ou kha r i, i et a it a St P et er s bu rg
’
ne g u v en u cet t e a n n ee . .
”
S en kov s ki .
The l h o n Sen ko v ski

c o op co pi e d f r o m his a c r h e t yp e is t o t he
f o ll o wi n g purp o rt
“K n ow n a nd en t i t l ed W ‘
a gi n a m a -i — a ds ha hi
p ( R ecor d of R oy a l
A ct s ) , [
t his ] a u to
g rap h and com p os it ion ( hay a d u n a v is ht ) o
f Mu lla
A kdu w a hha h t he Tea cher , Ghaf -da v a n in B u kha r a — G od p a r don
‘ ’
l — of
his m is t a kes a nd t he w ea kn ess f his
o en dea v ou r wa s fi n is hed on
Mon d y a R aja h 5 , 1121 ( A u g 3 l s t , —

T ha n k G od !
”
W
.
,
I t will be
b se rv ed th a t t he ti tl e a qi n am a -i-p a d sh ahi s ui t s t h e
O
‘
pl an Of du a l hi s t o ries (o f B a b ur a n d H u m a yu n ) b e t t er th an d o es t he
B ab ur -mam a Of T i m ur -p u l a d s n o t e th a t t he c o l o ph on d o e s
’
n ot c l a i m f o r t he Mull a t o h a v e c o pi e d t he e l d e r b o o k
( 49 4 5 3 )
1 —1 0
b ut t o h a v e writ t en d o w n a n d c o m p ose d on e u n d e r a di ffe ri n g t it l e

i d h l d k
’
s uiti n t v ri t t th t t Mu l d r ti t h
g s a e c on e n s a e a s e p ec a o n a n an s
t o n e b e tt e r wi th p e rpl exi n g w o rk s u c h a s his wa s t h a n with t h e , ,
s t e a d fa s t p a ti en c e Of a go o d sc rib e a n d th a t it e x o n e r a t es t h e
M u ll a fr om s u spi c i on Of h a vi n g c a u se d his c o m pil a ti on t o b e a c c ep t e d

a s B ab u r s a uth e n ti c t e xt
’
Ta k en wi th it s c irc u m st an din g m a t t e rs
. ,
i t m a y b e t he dén o u m en t o f t he pl a y .
C H A PT ER IV .
THE LE YD E N AND E R SK I N E M E M OIR S OF BA BE R .
T he fa m e and l o n g l it e ra ry s e rvi c e s O f t he Mem oir s of B a ber

com pe l m e t o e xpl a i n w hy t he s e v o l u m e s O f m i n e c o n t a i n a v e r b a lly
n ew En l ish
g t ra n s l a t i o n o f t he B a bu r -n a m a i n s t e a d O f a s e c o n d
e d i t i o n o f t he Mem oir s My e xpl a n a ti o n is the s i m pl e o n e o f t e xt u a l
.
v a l u e s o f t he
, a dv a n t a g e a p r i m a ry s o u rc e h a s o v e r it s d e r iv a tiv e ,
l v iii P R EF A CE
Bab u r
’
s i g i n a l t e xt
or o ve r it s P e rs i a n t ra n s l a t i o n w h i c h l
a o ne wa s
a c c e s s ibl e t o E r s ki n e .
If t he B a hu r n a m a
- o we d p e re n n i a l i n t e re s t t o it s v a l u a bl e
it s
m u lti fa r i o u s m a tt e r t he Mem oi r s c o u ld s u ffi c e t o re p re s e n t it b u t
, ,
t h i s it d o e s n o t ; w h a t ha s k e pt i n t e re s t in i t a l iv e t h ro u g h s o m e
fo u r c e n t u r i e s is t he a u t o bi o g ra p hi c p re s e n t m e n t O f a n a rre s ti n g
p e rs o n a l ity it s wh o l e m a n n e r s t yl e a n d d i c ti o n p ro d u c e I t is
, .
c h a ra c t e r i s ti c t hro u g ho u t fro m fi rs t t o l a s t m a k i n g k n o w n t he
,
p e rs o n a l q u a l ity O f it s a u t ho r O bvi o u s ly t ha t q u a lity ha s t he be tt e r

.
c h a n c e O f s u r vivi n g a t ra n s fe r O f B a b u r s w o r d s t o a fo re i n t o n g u e
’
g
w he n thi s c a n b e e ffe c t e d by i m it a ti o n O f t he m T O e ffe c t t h i s w a s .
i m p ra c ti c a bl e t o E rs k i n e w ho d id n o t s e e a n y e x a m pl e o f t he T u rk i
t e xt d u r i n g t he p ro g re s s o f h is t ra n s l a ti o n w o rk a n d ha d l ittl e
a c q u a i n t a n c e with T u r k i N o bl a m e a tt a c h e s t o his re s u lt s ; t he y
.
h a v e b e e n t he o n e i n t ro d u c t i o n o f B a b u r s w r iti n g s t o E n g l i s h re a d e rs
’
fo r a l m o s t a c e n t u ry b u t i t w o u ld b e a s s e n s ibl e t o e xp e c t a p o tter
t o s h a p e a v e s s e l fo r a s p e c i fi c p u r p o se wit ho ut a m o d e l a s a t ra n s
la f o r o f a u t o bi o g ra p hy t o s h a p e t he n e w v e rb a l c o n t a i n e r fo r B a b u r s
’
q u a l ity wit ho u t s e e i n g his o w n E rs k i n e w a s t he pi o n e e r a m o n g s t

.
E u ro p e a n w o r k e rs o n Ba b u ria n a L e y de n s s fra g m e n t O f u n re vi s e d
—
’
a tt e m pt t o t ra n s l a t e t he B u k ha ra C o m pil a ti o n b e i n g a n e g li g ibl e
m a tt e r n o twit hs t a n d i n g fr i e n d s h ip s d e fe re n c e t o it ; he ha d re a dy
’
t o his ha n d n o s u c h v a l u a bl e c o ll a t e ra l he lp a s h e b e q u e a th e d t o h is
s u c c e s s o rs in t he M e m o i rs v o l u m e T O h a v e b e e n a bl e t o he l p in
.
t he re n e w a l O f his b o o k by p re p a r i n g a s e c o n d e d iti o n O f it re vi s e d ,
u n d e r t he a u t h o r ity o f t he H a id a ra b a d C o d e x w o u ld h a v e b e e n t o ,
m e a n a c t O f l it e ra ry pi e ty t o a n O ld b o o k -fr i e n d ; I e xp e r i m e n t e d
a n d fa il e d in t he a tt e m pt ; t he w o rd i n g o f t he M e m o i rs w o u ld n o t
p re ss b a c k i n t o t he T u rk i m o u ld B e i n g w ha t it is s o u n d in it s
.
,
m a tt e r a n d p a rtly re p re s e n t a t iv e o f B a b u r h i m s e l f t h e a ll -ro u n d ,
s a fe r pl a n o n e d o i n it t h a t e h o n o u r w a s t o l e a v e it u n s ho r n
, g e g re r ,
O f it s re d u n d a n c e a n d u n c h a n g e d in it s w o rd i n g in t he pl a c e O f ,
w o rt h a n d d i g n i t y it ha s he ld s o l o n g .
B ro u g ht t o t hi s p o i n t by e xp e r i m e n t a n d f a il u re t he wa y la y o p e n ,
t o m a k e b e e l i n e o v e r i n t e r m e d i a r i e s b a c k t o t he
- fo u nt ia n -he a d o f
P R EF A CE l ix
re — di s c o v e re d T u r ki t e xt p re s e rv e d in t he H a id a ra b a d C o d e x T hu s .
I h a v e e n j o y e d a n a dv a n t a g e n o t ra n s l a t o r ha s h a d s i n c e A bd u r
‘ ’
ra h i m in 15 8 9 .
C o n c e rn i n g m a t t e rs O f s t yl e a n d d i c t i o n I m ay m e n ti o n t ha t t hre e
,
d i s ti n c t i m p re s s i o n s O f B a b u r s p e rs o n a lity a re s e t by h is o w n
’
E r s ki n e s a n d de C o u rt e ill e s w o rd s a n d m a n n e r T he s e d iv e rge n c i e s
’ ’
.
,
w h il e p a r tly d u e t o d i ffe r i n g t e xt u a l b a se s m a y re s u l t m a i n ly fro m

,
t he u s e by t he t wo E u ro p e a n s O f u n s i ft e d c u r r e n t E n g li s h a n d ,
F r e n c h T he i r p o r t ra y a l m i g h t h a v e b e e n t r u e r t h e r e c a n b e n o
.
,
d o u bt if e a c h h a d r e s t r i c t e d h i m s e l f t o s u c h u n d e r-lyi n g c o m p o n e nt
,
O f h is m o t h e r -t o n g u e a s a pp r o x i m a t e s in l i n g u i s ti c s t a t u re t o c l a s s i c
.
T u r ki T h i s p ro b a bil i t y E r s ki n e c o u ld n o t fo re s e e fo r ha vi n g n o
.
,
a c c e s s d u r i n g his w o r k t o a T u r k i s o u rc e a n d n o fa m ili a r i t y w i t h
T u r ki he m i s s e d t he i r l e s s o n i n g
,
.
T u r ki a s B a b u r w r it e s it — t e rs e w o rd -t hr i ft y re s t ra i n e d a n d l u c id
, , , ,
—c o m e s o v e r n e a tly i n t o A n l o -S a x o n E n l i s h p rha p s t h ro u h
g g e g ,
p r i m a l a ffi n iti e s S t u dyi n g B a b u r s w r i t i n g s in v e rb a l d e t a il t a u g ht
.
’
m e t ha t it s s t ru c t u re id i o m a n d v o c a b u l a ry d i c t a t e a c e r t a i n
,
m e c ha n i s m fo r a t ra n s l a t o r s i m i t a ti o n S u c h a re t he s i m pl e s e n t e n c e
’
.
,
d e v o id O f re l a tive p h ra s i n g c o pi e d in t he fo rm fo u n d w he t he r a b ru p t
, ,
a n d b r i e f o r r a n g i n g h i he r wi t h t he t o pi c g ra c i o u s a n d d ig n ifi e d
, g ,
”
t he re t e n ti o n O f B a b u r s u s e O f
’
we an d I a n d O f h is fre q u e n t
i m p e rs o n a l s t a t e m e n t t he m a t c h i n g O f w o rd s by t he i r ro n o t i o n
— o t -
t he s t r i c t O b s e rv a n c e O f B a b u r s li m it s o f v o c a b u l a ry e ffe c t e d by
’
,
a ll o tti n g t o o n e T u r k i w o r d o n e E n g li s h e q u iv a l e n t t h u s e x c l u d i n g ,
s y n o n y m s fo r w h i c h T u r ki h a s l i t t l e u s e b e c a u s e n o t s h r i n ki n g fr o m
t h e re p e a t e d w o r d ; l a s tly a s p re s e r vi n g r e l a t i o n s O f d i c t i o n t he
, ,
r e pl a c i n b s A r a bi c a n d P e rs i a n a li e n s by G re e k a n d L a t i n
’
g o f B a u r
o n e s n a t u ra l iz e d in E n g li s h S o m e O f t he s e a id s t o w a rd s s ha pi n g a
.
c o u n t e r p a r t o f T u r ki m a y b e t ho u g h t s m a ll b u t t he y O b e y a m o d e l
,
a n d t he i r a g g re g a t e h a s p o w e r t o m a k e o r m a r a p o r t ra it .
n s it m a y b e s a id t h a t B a b u r s i
’
( )
1 O f t h e u s e s O f p r o n o u w e s
n e it h e r r e g a l n o r s e l f m a g n i fyi n g
- b u t is c o -O p e ra t iv e a s b e s e e m s t he ,
c h i e f w h o s e v o l u n t e e r a n d n o m a d fo ll o wi n g m a k e s o r u n m a k e s h is
p o w e r a n d who c a n l e a d a n d c o m m a n d o n ly by re m itt e n t c o n s e n t
,
lx P REF A CE
a cco r ded to h im . H is I is i n d ivid u a l . T he Mem oir s v a r i e s

m u c h fro m t he s e u s e s .
( )
2 T h e v a l u e o f re p r o d u c i n g i m p e rs o n a l s t a t e m e n t s is s e e n by
t he fo l l wi g
o n e x pl
a m e o n e O f m a
, n y s i m il a r z W he n B a b u r a n d a
—
b o dy f O m e n m a ki gn a o n s -
l g a dd l e j o u rn e y h a lt e d fo r r e s t a n d
, ,
r e fre s h m e n t by t he r o a d s id e - “ ”
T he re wa s d ri n k i n g he w r it e s b u t , ,
“ ra n ”
E rs k i n e I d , k ; w ha t is l ik e ly b e i n g t ha t a ll o r a ll b u t a fe w
s h a re d t he l o c a l v i n du p ay s .
( ) T h i m p t f b vi b ur s l im its o f v o c a b u l a ry
’
3 e o r a n c e O o s e r n g B a
n e e d s n o s t re s s s i n c e a n y m a n o f fe w w o r d s d i ffe rs fro m a n m a n o f
, y
m any . M e a s u re d by t he B a b u r-n a m a s t a n d a rd t he d i c ti o n O f t he ,
Mem oir s is re d u n d a n t th ro u g h o u t a n d fre q u e n tly o v e r-c o l o u re d O f, .
t h i s a p e rti n e n t e x a m pl e is p ro vid e d by a s t a t e m e n t o f w h i c h a
m i n i m u m O f s e v e n o c c u rre n c e s fo r m s m y e x a m pl e n a m e ly t ha t s u c h , ,
fl
o r s u c h a m a n w h o s e l i fe B a b u r s k e t c h e s w a s vi c i o u s o r a vi c i o u s
p e rs o n ( fi s g f as ig) E rs ki n e o n c e re n d e rs t he w o rd by vi c i o u s
,
.
”
b u t e l s e wh e re e n l a rg e s t o d e b a u c he d e x c e s s O f s e n s u a l e n j o y m e n t
, ,
”
l a s c ivi o u s l ibid i n o u s p ro ig a t e v o l u pt u o u s
, , ,
T he i n s t a n c e s a re .
s c a tt e re d a n d c e r t a i n ly E rs ki n e c o u ld n o t fe e l t h e i r c o ll e c tiv e e ff e c t ,
b u t e v e n s c a tt e re d e a c h d o e s it s il l -p a r t in d i s t o r ti n g t he M e m o i rs
,
p o r t ra it u re O f t he m a n O f t he o n e w o rd .
’
P OST C R IPT O F T H A N KS .
I t a k e wit h g ra t it u d e t he l o n g -d e l a y e d o pp o rt u n ity O f fi n i s hi n g m y
b o o k t o e xp re s s t he O bli g a ti o n I fe e l t o t he C o u n c il O f t he R o y a l
A s i a ti c S o c i e ty fo r a l l o wi n g m e t o re c o rd in t he J o u rn a l m y N o t e s o n
t h e T u rk i C o d i c e s o f t he B a hu r -n a m a b e g u n in 19 00 a n d o c c a s i o n a l ly
a pp e a r i n g till 19 21 In m i n o r c o n v e n i e n c e O f w o r k t o b e a bl e t o
.
,
a t h e r t h o s e p r o re s s iv e n o t e s t o g e t he r a n d re vi e w t he m ha s b e e n o f
g g ,
A C po d e t c m bat t i g m y O bj ec t i n t p bl ishi g a se c n d e d it io Of t he
o rres n n o n o o u n o n
Mem i s back ed hi f v u ing pin i n by e fe en c e t o U m Kh yy m n d Fit g e ld

o r , s a o r O o r r
‘
ar a a a z ra .
O bvi ly o n l o gy e x ist s E skine s re d d c e is n t th fl we f d e ft l c he my b t

’
ous n a a r un an o e o r o a a , u
is t h e p s ic c o n s q u e c Of
ro a se c n d
e y so u c e
n e a o ar r .
P O ST S C R P T I OF T H AN KS lx i
v a l u e t o m e in n o ti c e a bl e m a t t e rs t wo O f w h i c h a re t he fi n d i n g a n d
,
m u ltiplyi n g o f t he H a id a r a b a d C o d e x a n d t he d e fi n it e c l e a ra n c e o f t he
,
c o n fu s i o n w h i c h h a d m a d e t he B u k ha r a ( r e p u t e d ) B a bu r -n a m a b e
m i s t a k e n fo r a re p ro d u c ti o n O f B a b u r s t ru e t e xt
’
.
I m m e a s u ra bl e i n d e e d is t he o bl i g a t i o n l a id o n m e by t he ha ppy
c o m m u n i t y O f i n t e r e s t s w h i c h b ro u ht u n d e r o u r r o o f t he t r a n s l a t i o n
g
O f t h e bi o r a p h i e s o f B a b u r H u m a y u n a n d A kb a r W h a t t h i s ha s
g , ,
.
m e a n t t o m y o w n w o r k m a y b e s u r m i s e d by t ho s e w ho k n o w m y
hu s b a n d s w id e r e a di n g in m a n y t o n g u e s O f E a s t a n d W e s t h is
’
r e t e n t iv e m e m o ry a n d his g e n e ro u s c o m m u n i s m in k n o wl e d g e . One
s i n a l c a u s e fo r a t i t d e t o h im fr o m t h o s e c a r i n f B b i i
g g r u
g o r a u r a na ,
s
t ha t it w a s he m a d e k n o w n t he p re s e n c e O f t he H a id a ra b a d C o d e x
in it s ho m e l ib ra ry ( 18 9 9 ) a n d t hu s le d t o it s p re s e r v a t i o n in fa c s i m il e .
It w o u ld b e im p ra c t ic a b le t o e n u m e r a t e a ll w ho s e h e lp I k e e p in
.
g ra t e fu l m e m o r y a n d r e a liz e a s t he f r u i t O f t h e
g e n i a l c a m a ra d e ri e o f
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.
A N N E TT E S B E V E RI D G E
. .
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, ,
H A SL E M E R E .
A ug u s t , 19 21 .
F A R G H AN A
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Yan gi w h i c h in b o o k s th ey w rit e T a rzlz , at t he
pre se n t t i m e
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no s e ttl e d popu l at io n wh a t eve r re m a i n i n g ,
bec a u se of t he Mu ghfi ls and t he A fi z b e g s .

2
F a r g han a is b o u n di n g in g r a i n a n d fr uit s
a sm a ll c ou n r t y ,
3
a .
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4
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F O] . 2 .
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o f Kh u j a n d c o m e s i n t o t he c o u n t ry fr o m t h e n o r th -
, east flo ws ,
w e s tw a r d th r o u g h i t a n d a ft e r p a s s i n g a l o n g t he n o r th o f
Kh u j a n d a n d t he s o u th o f F a n aka t n o w k n o w n a s Sh ahr u kh
5
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- . g d y W . . . .
[ A fi t r ar i e ar az w lk T
as a t s o m e t im e o f i t s e is t e n c e n own as an i (N ew ) x k Y g
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p l
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u z b e g i m r o es o n B a u r s in c e t h e t hr e e t o w n s l a
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o f t h e i n c u r s io n s et c an d d e gr a c e a u x r a v a ges c o m m i s. et c C . .
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, T bl C .
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a B a n ak a t . B a n a a s F i ak a t F a n ak a n d , O f t h is kace D r , R ieu , . pl .
P
w r it e s ( e r s c a t i 7 9 ) t h a t it w a s a s o c a e
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t h a t D r R ie u s T as h k in t -F a n ak a t w a s O ld T as h k in t — ( o e s
.
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a n a- in t m e a n , D F k
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s o m e 1 4 m i es n ea r e r t o t h e S a i hfi n t h a n t h e T as h k in t o f B ab u r s
’
d a y o r o u r o wn .
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1
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o n a ny sea b u t s i n k s i n t o t he s a n d s a c o n s id e ra b l e di s t a n c e ,
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ar h a n a h a s s e v e n s e p a r a t e t o w n s hip s 2
fi ve o n t he s o u th ,
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O f th o se o n t he s o u th o n e is An dljan I t ha s a c e n tra l , .
p o s iti o n a n d i s t h e c a pit a l o f t he F a rg han a c o u n try I t p ro .
d u c e s m u c h g r a i n fr u it s in a b u n d a n c e e xc e l l e n t g r a p e s a n d , ,
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- I t ha s th re e g a t e s
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r u . .
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n ine c hann els o u t o f it i t is s tr a n g e th a t n o n e c o m e s a t e v e n ,
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.
6
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.
7
g r a v e l l e d hi g hw a y ; t h e width o f thi s hi g hw a y divi d e s t h e f o r t

fr o m t he s u b u r b s s ur r o u n di n g it .
A n dij an ha s g o o d h u n ti n g a n d fo wl i n g it s ph e a s a n t s g r o w
A g l o s s o f d i ga (o t h e r ) in t h e S ec o n d W
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l e d Mr E r s ki n e t o u n d e r s t a n d m e e t i g w ith n o o t h er i v e r in it s c o u r s e ”
. . n r .
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n n
[ e rr o n e o u s l y ] s a y s s in k s i n t o t h e s a d s w i t h t h e o u t f a l l o f e g t h e A m u in t o n , . .
t h e S ea o f A r a l
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.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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’
. r e . c .
2 B ab u r s g eo g r a p h i c a l u n it in C e n t r a l A s ia i s t h e t o w n s h i p o r wi t
h m or e
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v e b a l a c c ur a c y t h e vil la g e i e t h e f o t i fi ed in h a bit ed a n d c u lt iva t e d o as is

r , . . r , .
O f f o n t i e r s h e s a ys n o t h in g
r .
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. B ab u r s in t e r e s t i n f r u it s w a s n o t a .
’
.
m a t t e r o f t a s t e o r a m u s e m en t b u t o f f o o d M e lo n s f o r in s t a n c e f es h o r . , ,
r
s t o ed f o r m d u in g s o m e m o n t h s t h e s t a p l e f o o d o f T u r k is t an is
r ,
r Cf T R . . . .
p 30 3 a d (in K ash m ir ) 4 2 5 T im k o w s ki s T a v ls of the R u ss i a n Mi s s i o n

. n
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1 4 1 9 a n d T h R a d l o fi s R éc e u i ls d I t i n éra i r es p 34 3
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. . .
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A y i i -a kb i B l o c h m a n n p 6 K o s t e n k o a n d Vo n Sc h w a z
n- ar , . r .
q i ghd n i e t h e w a ll e d t o w n w it h in w h i c h w a s t h e c it a d e l ( k)
5 cr ar .
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t o wn T he su . o f A n i an , i n t h e pp l y
r e s e n t d a y is t a e n o t h fr o m t he dj p , k b
Aq B ur a (i e t h e A ns h at e r) a n d fro m t h e ar a ar a W by l Q D y
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7 kha n da n i
q n g t as k y d n i S ec o n i B g ba s t . . . .
kha n d a q H e r e a s in s e e r a o t h e r
. a c e s , t h is v
e r s i a n t r a n s a t io n h a s r en e r e l pl P l d d
T k
u r i tas k o u t s i e , a s if i t w e r e ,
u r i t as h s t o n e d B ab u r s a e c t i e s t o n e i s
’
T k '
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s a n in
g (f 4 5 b 1 H i s o i
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r o ad l g
r u n n in ro u n g
t h e o u t er e e of t he d
it c h o r e o e r A n ijan is ui t on an d dg d . M v d b l
F A R G H ANA
so urp ri s i n g ly fa t th a t ru m o u r ha s it fo u r p e o pl e c o u ld n o t
s
fi n i s h o n e th e y w e re e a t i n g with it s s t e w 1
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An dijan i s a re a ll Turk s n o t a m a n in t o w n o r b az ar b u t
'
kn o w s T urk i T he S p e e c h o f t he p e o pl e is c o rr e c t fo r t he p e n
.
h e n c e t he writ i n g s o f Mi r Ali s hi r N a wd i th o u g h he wa s b r e d
' 2
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a n d g r e w u p in H i ri ( H a r at ) a re o n e with th e i r di a l e c t G ood
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l o o k s a r e c o m m o n a m o n g s t t h e m T he fa m o u s m u s i c i a n .
,
Kh waj a Y usu f w a s a n A n dijai n i 3

T he c l i m a t e is m a l a ri o u s ;
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.
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in a ut u m n p e o pl e g e n e ra lly ge t f e v e r 4
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Aga i n th e r e is Afi s h (Us ) t o t he s o uth e a s t i n c l i n i n g t o

h ,
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e a s t o f A n dij an a n d di s t a n t fr o m i t f o u r y i g hach b y r o a d It
5
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ha s a fi n e c l i m a t e a n a b u n d a n c e o f r u n n i n g w a t e r s a n d a
6
,
m o s t b e a u t i fu l s pri n g s e a s o n M a n y tr a d iti o n s h a v e th e ir r i s e .
of H e r e o e yin g h is P ers ia n s o u r c e Mr E r s k in e w r it e s
l o e ss .
, b st on e- fac e d , .
d it c h de M
o b e yin g h is u r ki o n e
. C b a r d ex tér i e u r
. T , .
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i h d w l d h -
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K o s t en ko i 2 8 7 gi v es a .
,
r e c i p e f o r w h a t s e e m s as h- Iri n a .
2 b . 1 44 0 d . 1 5 00 AD .
3
Y fi s u f w as in t h e s er vic e of
B ai -s u n gh a r ir z a S hahru khi M (d . 8 37 AH .
14 34 Cf . D l a u at Sh ah
’
s Me m oi rs of the P oets (B r o wn e ) pp .
34 0 an d
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35
W
0 .
g az 4
l ’
ar a i l b i z kak kub b fi l fi r S ec o n -i -
B 2 17 f 2
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) h ere a n d . d . . . on
f 4 h as r e a
. u r ki give e y e , f o r dT
u r i gnz o r gas a u t u m n I t h as h er e a , T k , . g lo ss
n o t in t h e H a i a r a ad o r e hr s
’
SS (Cf d
e ms 4 not e ) b h is K M . . M p. . T gl o ss .
m a y b e o n e o f H u m ay fi n s n u m e r o u s n o t es a n d m a y h a e e en r e s er e
’
v b p v d in
lp C d x
t h e E h in s t o n e o e , b u t t h e f a c t c a n n o t n o w b e n o wn ec a u s e o f t h e k b lo s s
of t h e t w o f o io s l
(See Vo n Sc h w a rz l
a r ea d y n ot ed . a n d K o s t e n ko c o n c ern in g
t h e a u t u m n f e v e r o f T r a n s o x ia n a ) .
y ighd oh b y f a rs a n g U jf a l v y l
5 T h e P e rs t r s s r e n d e r . . t h e yi ghaoh
a so ta k es
a n d t h e f a rs a n g as h a vi n g a c o m m o n e q u i v a l en t o f a b o u t 6 ki lo met res B ab ur s
’
.
s t a t em ent s in y ighach h o w e er w h en t es t e v , d by as c e r t a in e d d
is t a n c e s d o n o t ,
wo r k
o u t in t o t h e f a r s a n g o f f o u r m i es o r l t h e kil o m ét r e o f 8 ki t t o 5 .
m i es l T h e yighac h a
. e ars t o b e a a r ia e e s t im a t e o f pp
is t an c e s o m e t im e s v bl d ,
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in ic a t in t h e t im e o c c u ie o n a i en o u rn e a t o t h er s t h e p d is t a n c e t o gv j y , d
w h ic h a m a n s o ic e wi c arr v ll
(Cf U jf a lv y E x p edi tion s c i en t ifiqu e ii 1 7 9
’
y . .
,
Vo n Sc hw ar z 1 2 4 an d d e C s p
ic t s n y ighci c h
. I n t h e r es e n t in s t a n c e if .
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1 6 111 b u t it is 3 3 m I f} f u r i e 5 0 v e rs ts ; ( o s t e n k o ii . fi n d B ab u r s . . . K , I ’
y ighaoh t o ar f r o m a o u t 4 m t o n e ar v y 8 m b . ly .
'
5 a d r s ic t h e ir ri a t io n c h a n n e ls o n w hi c h i n
q , g
u r is t an a l l c u t i a t io n T k l v
d p d
e en s M j
a o r - e n e r a G era r d w r it es ( e o rt o f t h e
. G l
a mi r B o u n d m y C o m , R p P
m is s io n “ p it t e t o wn r es e m in gl l bl g I l b d K
O s h i s a c h a r m in
, . s am a a i n as h m ir , ,
v y
— e e r w h er e t h e s a m e m as s o f ru n n in w a t e r in s m a c a n a s w it h g ll l b d d
W
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i t as a ro a t o ss in r i e r b ”
d
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it ies o f hot an g v Cf ec us . dC K , p . . R l
v i c ap
, F ar gh an a ; . o s t en o i 1 0 4 Vo n S c hw a rz s u n. K k , . .
8 9 9 A IL — O C T . 12T H . 14 9 3 1 0 O C T . 2N D . 14 9 4
i n it s exc e l l e n c i es th -e a s t o f t he w a ll e d t o w n
.
1
T o t he sou
( gurghdn ) l i e s a sym m e t r i c a l m o u n t a i n k n o w n as t he B a ri
”
,
Ko h ; 2
o n t he t o
p o f thi s 5 1 M a h m u d Kh a n b u ilt a r e tr e a t , .
( hajr a ) a n d l o w e r d o w n o n it s s h o u ld e r I in 9 0 2 AH ( I 4 9 6 AD ) , , , . .
built a n o th e r h a vi n g a p o rc h Th o u gh his l i e s t he hi g h e r
, .
,
m i n e is t he b e tt e r pl a c e d t he w h o l e o f t he t o w n a n d t he s ubur b s ,
b e i n g a t it s fo o t .
T he A n dij an t o r re n t go e s t o An dij an a ft e r h a vi n g t r a v e r se d
3 F ol 3
. .
t he s u b u r b s o f Aus h O rc h a rd s ( bdg hdt) lie a l o n g b o th it s

4
.
b a n k s ; a ll t he Afi sh g a r d e n s (bdg hldr ) o v e r l o o k it ; th e ir
v i o l e t s a re v e ry fi n e ; th e y h a v e r u n n i n g w a t e r s a n d in s pri n g
a r e m o s t b e a u ti fu l w ith t he b l o s s o m i n o f m a n y t u l ip s a n d ro s e s
g .
O n t he s ki r t o f t he B a r a-ko h is a m o s q u e c a l l e d t he J a u z a
1 A iis hn i n g fag i l a t i dd kha i l i a lt d di s wd ri d d ii r Seco n -i- B 2 17 . d W . .
f 2 ) F a gi la t -i -A us h a h a di s wd r i d a s t
. ems ( 3) T h e e c e e n c ies o f U s h . M . p . x ll
l b
a r e c e e ra t e d v
e en i n t h e s a c r e t r a it io n s
”
Mems (i 2 ) On c i te be a u co u p
d d . . ,
d o t r a di ti o n s qu i c eleb ren t l ex c e lle n oe de c e c l i m a t

’ ”
A us h m a y b e m e n t io n e . d
d
i n t h e t r a it io n s o n a c c o u n t o f a c es o f pl
i r i m a e n ea r i t B ab u r s m ea n i n p lg g ’
g
m a y b e m er e ly x ll
t h a t it s e c e e n c ies a r e t r a it io n a Cf U jf a l v y ii 1 7 2 d l . . , .
2
M v ll
o s t t r a e e r s in t o F ar gh an a c o m m e n t o n B ab u r s a c c o u n t o f it On e
’
.
d
m u c h is c u ss e o in t is t h e dp p
o s it io n o f t h e B a r a K o h T h e ers o n a o s er a . p l b v
t io n s o f U jf a lv y a n d S c h u yl
e r l e d t h e m t o a c c e t it s i e n t i c a t io n w it h t h e p d fi
ky d g k
ro c ri e nown a s t he a ht - i -s u a im an T k en t u r e t o s u e m e n t t h is l . I v pp l
by gg
t he su e s t io n t h a t B a u r b by
B a r a K o h d id n o t m e an t h e w h o e o f t h e
, , l
rocky d g ri e t h e n a m e o f w h ic h
, a ht - i -s u a i m an a n a n c i en t n a m e m u s t
,
T k l , ,
v b
ha e k ee n n o wn t o h i m b u t o n e o n o f it s f o u r m ar e
, s u m m it s r it inly k d . W g
dg M d
o f t he ri e a am e Uj f a lv y s a s y
I l v a qu a t r e s o m m et s do n t l e p lu s ele v é ,
’
e s t l e t r o i s i em e c o m p t a n t p a r lo n o r d
”
h i c h s u m m it i n h e r s e t c h ( 32 7)
. W k p .
i s t h e t hi r d g
a n d hi h es t i s n o t c e r t a in b u t o n e is s o s h ew n t h a t it m a y b e ,
t h e t h ir dm a y b e t h e h i h es t a n d as
, e in g a ea c an b e es c r i e as s y m
, b g
p k , d b d
l
m e t r i ca i e B ab ur s m a u e fi n
. .
’
F o r t h is e a a n a r o r ia t e n a m e w o u
. be p k pp p ld
B ar i K o h .
If t h e n a m e B a r i K o h c o u b e r e s t r ic t e ld
t o a s in e ea of t he d . gl p k
T k a ht - i —s u a i m an r i l e a oo dg
ea , g d d l
o f ea r i e r c o n f u s io n w o u b e c ear e l ld l d
a wa y c o n c er n in
, g
w h ic h h a e wr it t e n a m o n s t o th e r s v it t e r ( 4 3 2 an d , g , R v ,
7 32 ) R l . yl
ec u s (v i 5 4 ) S c h u e r (ii 4 3 ) a n d t h o s e t o w h o m t h es e t h r e e r e f e r , .
x ll
F o r a n e c e en t a c c o u n t r a h ic w it h p e n an d , g p en c i o f F a r g h an a a n d o f p l ,
A us h s ee M d a a m e U jf a l v
y s D e P a r i s d S a m a r c a n de c a p v
’
. , .
3 r ia l T . p
h is is a r e c is e w o r s in c e t h e Aq B ur a (t h e h it e d o f
) in a r e a W W l , l
d
t i v e l y s h o r t is t a n c e , f a s f r o m t h e ll
ur un as s f t t o A us h 3 0 4 0 f t K d P , .
, .
a n d t h e n c e t o A n i an 1 38 0 f t dj Cf , o st en o i 10 4 H u n t in . on in . K k , gd
P u m p e l ly s E x p l o ra t i o n s i n T u rkis t d n
’
I 79 an d t he r e n c h m i it a r m ap p . F l y
o f 1904 .
4
Wh d
B ab u r s w o r s b dghdt bdghld r a n d bag/who h a d s e a r a t e s ig
e t h er
’
, , p
n i fi c a t io n s s u c h a s o rc h a r
, i n e ar a n d o r in a r d v
ar en i e, ar en - o t s y d d yg d . . g d pl
o f sm a ll
s iz e am not a I
e t o s a y b u t w h at a
, bl
e a r s f a ir c e ar is t h a t w h e n pp ly l
h e wr it e s bd ghdt u b dghl ci r h e m ea n s a ll s o rts of ga r den s , u s t a s w h en wr it e s
‘
j
b egd t u begl d r h e m e a n s begs of a ll r a n ks
, .
F AR G H AN A
Ma sy d (Twi n M o s qu e ) B e tw e e n th i s m o s qu e a n d t he t o w n
.
1
,
a g re a t m a i n c a n a l fl o w s fr o m t h e d i r e c ti o n o f t h e hi l l B elow .
t he o ut e r c o u rt o f t he m o s q u e l i e s a s h a dy a n d d e l i ght fu l c l o v e r
m e a d o w wh e r e e v e ry p a s s i n g t r a v e l l e r t a k e s a re s t I t is t he .
j o k e o f t he r a g a m u ffi n s o f Aus h t o le t o u t w a t e r fro m t he
c an al o n a n yo n e h a pp e n i n g t o fa l l a s l e e p in t he m e a d o w A
2
.
v e ry b e a u ti fu l s t o n e w a v e d re d a n d wh it e wa s fo u n d in t he
3
,
B a r d Ko h in U m a r Sh a i kh M ir za s l a tt e r d a y s o f i t a re m a d e
‘ ’
k n i fe h a n dl e s a n d c l a s p s fo r b e l t s a n d m a n y o th e r thi n g s
,
.
F o r c l i m a t e a n d fo r pl e a s a n t n e ss n o t o w n s h ip in a ll F a rg h an a ,
e q u a l s A us h
“
.
Ag a i n th e re is Ma r ghi n an ; s e v e n y t g hach b y r o a d t o t he w e s t
'
o f An dij an — a fi n e t o w n s hip fu l l o f g o o d th i n g s
, It s a pri c o t s .
(a ar nk) a n d p o m e g ra n a t e s a re m o s t e xc e ll e n t O n e s o rt o f .
p o m e gr a n a t e th e y c a l l t he G re a t S e e d ( a a -i -ha ldu ) ; it s
,
s w e e t n e s s ha s a l ittl e o f t he pl e a sa n t fl a v o ur o f t he s m a l l a pri c o t
d - a li i ) a n d it m a y b e th o u g ht b e tt e r th a n t he S e m n an p o m e
(z a r
g ra n a t e An o th e r ki n d o f a pri c o t (a ar itk) th e y dry a ft e r s t o n i n g

.
it a n d p u tti n g b a c k t he k e r n e l ; th e y th e n c a l l it su bhdn i ; i t is
5
v e ry p a l a t a b l e T he hu n ti n g a n d fo wl i n g o f Ma rg hi n an a r e
.
g o o d ; d o kiy z k6
a r e h
’
a d c l o se by I t s p e o pl e a r e S ar t s
7
b o x e r s .
, ,
1 M a d am e k
U jf a lv y h a s s e t c h e a o s s i e s u c c e s so r d p
Sc h u er fo u n t wo bl . yl d
m o s q u es a t t h e f o o t o f a ht- i -s u a im an T k
e r h a s B ab u r s
'
lau z a as i , p p ’
J M jd .
2 a n! s d -
h h jfi i di n s it qiiy d r lar
’
.
R bb J p
3 i on as er res u m a , p bly .
K4 k o s t e n o (ii v
7 1 3 e r s t s i e 4 7 m 4 5 f ur the by P lR d
W
, ost a
. . oa . . .
d
5 i n s t ea o f t h e ir o w n k l
e rn e s t h e S e c o n -i -B s t u ff s t h e a r ic o t s in a
, d . . p ,
ll k
f a s h io n w e n o w n in n ia k h u I d by
b a n i w i t h a m o n s a lz z -
( g i b a ddm ) T h e
m , l d .
T k d g
u r i w o r in v ll
h o w e e r a o w s t h e r e t u r n t o t h e a r ic o t s o f t h e ir o w n er n e s p k l
a n d Mr R ic k m e rs t e s m e t h a t a r ic o t s s o s t u ff e
. ll p w er e o f t e n s e e n h im in d by
t h e Za r -a f s h an Va e ll y M y
hu s an . b d
h a s s h e w n m e t h a t N iz am i in h is H a f t
P kai ar a pp
e a rs t o r e f e r t o t h e o t h e r f a s h io n t h a t o f in s e rt in a mon s , g l d
I g a v e t h e e f r u it s f ro m t h e g a d e o f m y h ea t r n r ,
P l m p a n d s w e e t as h o n e y i m il k
u n
T h e ir s bs t n c e g a v t h e l u s c io
u s o f fi gs
a e u s n es
I n t h e ir h ear t s w r e t h k n l s o f a l m o n d s e e er e .
5
W h a t t h is n a m e r e p r es en t s is n o f a c o n s id e a b l e u m b r o f p o i t in o e r n e n s
t h e B ab - dm I a m u n a b l e t o d e c id e K i y ik is a c o m p r h iv n a m
ur n a . e ens e e
( f Sh aw V o c a b u l a r y ) do kiy i k m ig h t m a whi te h p o r whi te dee

’
It i
e d e ed i n t h e S e c o d W
o . s e n s ee r . s
-i -B h e r e by ht t -i -wa i a d o n f by h ii -i -
s af d
’
r n r n
q . .
4 , , a r n . , a e .
B o t h t h es e n a m es Mr E r s k in e h as t r a n s la t e d by "
. w h it e d e e but h r, e
m en t io n s t h a t t h e fi rs t is s a id t o m ea n a gdl i i ov i s p o l i a n d r e f e r to r . e . , s
Vo ya ges d e P a lla s i v 3 2 5 , .
7
C o n c e rn in g t hi s m u c h d is c u s s e d w o r d B ab u r s t es t im o n y is o f s er v ic e
,
’
.
It se e m s t o m e t ha t h e us es it m e re l y o f t h o s e s e t t l ed i n t o w n s ( vi ll a g es ) a n d!
89 9 A H .
-O C T . 12T H . 14 9 3 To OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
'
no s i y t ur b u l e n t M o s t o f t he n o t e d bul l i e s (ja ng r a lar ) o f

an d .
S a m a r k a n d a n d B u kh ar a a r e Ma rghi n an i s T he a u th o r o f t he
‘
H idii ya t w a s f r o m R a sh d an o n e o f t h e vi l l a ge s o f Ma r ghi n an
1
,
.
-
A g a i n th e re is As fa ra in t he h ill c o u n t ry a n d n i n e y ig lzci c/z 2
,
by r o a d s o u th -w e s t o f Ma rg hi n an I t h a s r u n n i n g w a t e r s .
,
b e a u ti fu l l ittl e g a r d e n s ( bdghcha ) a n d m a n y fr u it -t re e s b u t
a l m o n d s fo r t he m o s t p a rt in it s o r c h a r d s It s p e o pl e a r e a ll .
- 3
P e rs i a n s p e aki n g S ar t s In t h e h i l l s s o m e t w o m i l e s ( bir sha r i ) .
‘
t o t he s o u th o f t he t o w n is a pi e c e o f r o c k k n o w n a s t he M i r r o r , ,
'
4
S t o n e I t is s o m e 1 0 a rm -l e n g th s (getr i ) l o n g a s hi g h a s a m a n
.
,
in p a rt s u p t o his w a i s t in o th e rs
, E ve ryt h i n g is r e fl e c t e d by it .
a s by a m ir ro r T he As fa r a di s t r i c t ( wi lciy a t) is in fo u r s u b
’
W
.
d ivi s i o n s (ba lak) in t h e h ill -c o u n t ry o n e As i a t a o n e a rfi kh , , ,
o ne S ukh a n d o n e H u s h yar W h e n M u h a m m a d S ha iban i .
Kh an d e fe a t e d S l M a hm ud Kh an a n d A l a c h a Kh an a n d t o o k
.
T as hki n t a n d S hit h r u khiya I w e n t i n t o t he S ukh a n d H u s h yar

5
,
Fol 4
. .
h i l l -c o u n try a n d fr o m th e r e a ft e r a b o u t a y e a r s p e n t in g r e a t ,
6
m i s e ry I s e t o u t ( a z i m u t ) fo r K ab u l
,
‘
.
A g a i n th e r e is Kh uj a n d t w e n t y -fi v e y ig hci ch by r o a d t o t he
7
,
w it h o u t a n y r e f e r en c e t o t r i e o r n a t io n a it b
a m n o t s u r e t h a t h e u s es i t l y . I
l y
a w a s as a n o u n h e w r it es o f a S ci r t ki s hi a S ar t e r s o n H is A s f a r a S ar t s , p .
v b T k p k g
m a y h a e e e n u r i -s ea in s e t t ed u r s a n d h is Ma r g h i n an i o n e s l T k
er s i a n P
p k g T j
s ea in a i ks Cf S h a w s Voc a u a r ; s n S ar t ; S c h u e r i 1 0 4 a n d
. .
’
b l y . . yl ,
n o t e ; N a liv k in e s H i s t oi r e d a K ha n a t d e K ho ka n d
’
4 5 n Vo n S c h w ar z s n p . . .
K o s t en o i 2 8 7 k P e t z h o ld s T u r ki s t a n
, 32
’
p . .
l
k
S h a i h B u r h an u d - d i n A l i Qi l i e h
’
c i r c a 5 30 A H
‘
(1 13 5 ) ( 1 59 3 A H b . . AD . . .
( 1 19 7 S e e H a mi t o n s H i d dy a t l ’
.
2 T he ir e c t d d
is t a n c e m e as u r e o n t h e m ap
, a d
e ar s t o b e a o u t 6 5 m , pp b .
b u t t h e ro a d
m a k es detou r r o u n m o u n t a in s u r s Mr E rs in e a e n e
d p . . k pp d d
here t o t h e
, P
f a rs a n g o f his e rs ia n s o u r c e a n o t e c o n c e rn in t h e r e u c t io n , g d
of T I d
a t ar a n d n ia n m e as u r es t o E n is h o n es I t is r e n e r e t h e es s gl . d d l
a ppl b l b y
ic a e v t he ar ia i it o f t h e y i gh ach bl y t h e e q u i a en t f o r a f a r s a n g
'
, v l
p d by
re s u m e P the er s ia n t r a n s a t o r l .
3
Il ai MS F a r s i -gu i T h e E lp h MS a n d a l l t h o s e e a m in e o f t h e x d
W
’
. . . . .
‘
. . d
-i -B o m it t h e w o r F a rs i : s o m e w ri t in ko hi m o u n t a in e e r f o r it i
( ) g u e g ’
. I j dg
b fi
t hat B a u r at rs t o m i t t e t h e w o r F a r s i s i n c e i t is en t e r e in t h e H a i MS
d d , d . .
b v d
a o e th e w o r
gii i I t w o u
’
h a
. e e e n u s ef u t o i tld
t v b
e r (v ii 7 3 3 ) a n d t o l R ,
U jf a l v y (ii ,Cf o st en o i 2 8 7 o n t h e
. K a r ie t k
o f a n u a es s o e n
,
v y l g g p k by
S ar t s .
4 Of
t he M
irr o r St o n e n e it h e r F e d t s c h en k o n o r U jf a lv y c o u ge t n ew s ld .
b
5 B a u r d is t i g
n u is h e s h e r e b e t w e en T as h ki n t a n d Sh ah r u khi y a Cf f 2
'
. . .
a n d n o t e t o F a n ak a t .
6 H
e eft l
t h e h i -c o u n t r ll
a o e S ukh i n y b v
u harr a m 9 10 A H (m id - une M . J
1 50 4
7 F or a go od ac c o u nt of Kh u j a n d s ee Ko st en ko i , 34 6 .
8 F A R G H AN A
'
l
w e s t o f An dij an e a s t o f S a m ar ka n d
a d
n tw e n ty -
fi v e y ig hcich .
Kh uj a n d is o n e o f t he a n c i e n t t o w n s ; o f it w e r e Sh a ikh M a s l aha t
a n d Khw aj a Ka m zi l
2
F ru it g ro w s w e l l th e re ; it s p o m e gra n a t e s
‘
a r e r e n o w n e d fo r th e ir e x c e l l e n c e ; p e o pl e t a l k o f a Kh uj a n d
p o m e g r a n a t e a s th e y do o f a S a m a r k a n d a ppl e ; j u s t n o w ho w
e ve r Ma rg hi n an p o m e gra n a t e s a re m u c h m e t w ith
,
3
T he .
w a l l e d t o w n (qci r g hci n ) o f Kh uj a n d s t a n d s o n hi g h g ro u n d ; t he
S a ihun R iv e r fl o w s p a s t i t o n t he n o rth a t t he di s t a n c e m a y ,
b e o f a n a rr o w s fl i g ht 4
T o t h e n o r th o f b o th t he t o w n a n d
’
.
,
t he riv e r l i e s a m o u n t a i n ra n ge c a l l e d Mu n fi g hu l f p e o pl e s a y
‘
th e re a re t u r q u o i s e a n d o th e r m i n e s in it a n d th er e a re m a n y
s a
n k e s T h e h u n t i.n
g a n d fo wl i n -
g g r o u n d s o f Kh u j a n d a r e
-
'
7
fi r s t ra t e dq kiy i k 6
b cl g hi v rn a r cil ph e a sa n t a n d h a r e a re a ll
-
,
f
ha d in g r e a t pl e n ty T he c li m a t e is v e ry m a l a ri o u s in a u t u m n
.
t h e r e is m u c h fe v e r ; p e o pl e ru m o u r it a b o u t th a t t he v e ry
5
S p a rr o w s g e t fe v e r a n d s a y th a t t h e c a u s e o f t he m a l a ri a is t he
m o u n t a i n r a n g e o n t h e n o r t h ( i e Mu n fi g h u l) . . .
K a n d -i-b a d am (Vi ll a ge o f t he A l m o n d ) is a d e p e n d e n c y o f
Kh u j a n d ; t ho u g h it is n o t a t o w n s hip ( qa sba ) i t is ra th e r a g o o d
'
1 K h u j a n d t o A n d i j an 1 8 7 m 2 f u r ( K o s t e n ko 1 2 9 -3 1 ) a n d h e lp e d o u t b y . . 1, ,
t he t im e -t a b l e o f t h e T r a n s c as p i a n R a i l w a y f r o m K h u j a n d t o S a m a r k a n d ,
a pp e ar s t o b e s o m e 1 54 m .
5} fur .
2 B o t h m e n a r e s t i h o n o u r e in ll
hu a n ( o st e n o i F or dhw a a K j d K k , K j
fl
K ’
l
a m a s L if e a n d D i wan s oo i eu i i 6 3 2 a n d O u s e l e y s , e r s i an o et s R 19 2 ,
’
P P p . .
Cf 1 8 3b a n d n o t e
. . .
3 h
ub a rt iiq d ur er h a s p p b
ro u h t t o H in d fi s t an w h e r e B a u r w r o t e t h e
, g b
s t at em e n t .
4 T k
u r i s h a r r o w - ig h t , L o n o n , 1 7 9 1 4 8 2 ar s d , y d .
5 I v
ha e fo u n t h e f o o w in d f o r m s o f t h is n a m e — H a i MS Mzn fi gh zl
ll g , .
P e rs t ran s a n d
. em s .My o g h il Ilm in s k y Mzt u gh zl Mem s Mt o u gh u il
M . , , .
l
R ec us S c h u e r a n d , yl
o s t en o o u T au KNa i in o a r es k cd , M g l l vk , d p ’
F
t s ch en k o ont o o , F r Ma p o f 1 9 0 4
M M g l Mu z b e k It is t h e w es t e r n e n d
. , M . .
o f t he K u r am a an e ( R g K d
in ir T a u ) w h i c h c o m e s o u t t o t h e b ed O f t h e S ir is , ,
l l g
2 6 5 m i es o n a n d r is es t o 4 00 0 f t ( o s t e n o i V o n S c h w ar z es c r i es . K k , , d b
b g b
i t as e in q u it e a r e v a r io u s w r i t e r s a s c r i e c im a t ic e i t o i t b l vl .
5
P e r s t r a n s a h ii -i -.s af e d . Cf 1 3 b n o t e . . . .
7
T d l
h es e w o r s t r a n s a t e i n t o C or v u s m a r ci l t h e A s ia t i c a it i, a n d t o t hi s , W p
b
B a u r m ay a pp l y t he m ic t io n a r ie s e D
a in m a r ci l a s m e an in
. hi n d 0 1 d o e xp l g
b k
b u t n u m ero u s oo s o f t ra e and N at u ra v l
H is t o r s h o w t h a t i t h a s w i e r l y d
a ppl g
ic a t io n a s a e n e r ic n a m e i e ee r T h e t w o w o r s b ri ght? a n d m a r d l , . . d . d
a pp d
ear t o m e t o b e u se as e g ra e a n d uc are u se Ma r ci l an d u c c a n
. . d k d k d . d k
b p ly
o t h im l
t he f e m a e s e x b u t a so o t h a re e n e r ic er h a s
, r im a r il so b g , p p p ly .
C f f o r f u r t h e r m e n t io n o f b ughfi -m a r d l f 2 1 9 a n d f 2 7 6
. F o r u s e s o f t he w o r . . . d
m a r ci l s e e t h e w r it in s e
,
g o f A t i n s o n g o s t e
. n o ( iii
. L y d d e k k
e r L it t l ed a l e , K k , , ,
l
S e o u s R o n a ld s h a y
, C
h u r c h ( h in e s e u r ki s t a n ) B i
, u h ( o rs t h s
’
C iss io n) T , dd l p F y M .
5
Cf f 2 a n d n o t e . . .
F A R G H AN A
p o e t A s i r u -d-di n is k n o w n a s Akhsi ki ti A ft e r An d ijan n o t o w n .
s h ip l n F a rg han a is l a r g e r th a n A khs i
1
I t is n i n e y i ghci ch by .
r o a d t o t h e w e s t o f An dij an U m a r Sh a ik h M i rz a m a d e it his .
‘
c a pit a l
2
T he S a ihfi n R iv e r fl o w s b e l o w it s w a l l e d t o w n
.
(q ga r ha n ) Thi s s t a n d s .a b o v e a g r e a t r a vi n e ( bu la n d j a r ) a n d it
has d e e p r a vi n e s ( a m iq ja r lci r ) in pl a c e o f a m o a t W he n U m ar
‘ ‘
.
Sh a ikh M i rz a m a d e i t his c a pit a l he o n c e o r twi c e o u t o th e r ,
r a vi n e s f ro m t he o u t e r o n e s In a ll F a r g han a n o fo r t is s o .
s t r o n g a s Akh s i It s s u b u r b s e xt e n d s o m e t w o m il e s f u r th e r
!
.
th a n t he w a ll e d t o w n !
P e o pl e s e e m t o h a v e m a d e O f Akhsi t he
'
”
s ayi n g (m is a l) W h e r e is t he vi ll a g e ? W h e re a re t he t re e s ?
,
'
( D i h k j ? D i k h a h j P ) I m l x l l t th y
’
u ci r a t n a ri t s e o n s a re e c e e n ; e
c al l o n e ki n d M i r T i m fi ri wh e th e r in t he w o r ld th e r e is a n o th e r
t o e q u a l it is n o t k n o w n T he m e l o n s o f B u kh ar a a r e fa m o u s ; .
w h e n I t o o k S a m a r k a n d I h a d s o m e br o u g ht fr o m th e re a n d ,
s o m e fr o m A kh s i ; th e y w e r e c u t u p a t a n e n t e r t a i n m e n t a n d
n o thi n g f r o m B u kh ar a c o m p a re d with th o s e f r o m Akh si T he

'
f o w l i n g a n d h u n ti n g o f Akhsi a r e v e ry g o o d i n d e e d ; ri g kiy i k
a b o u n d in t h e w a s t e o n t he Akhs i s id e o f t he S a ihfi n ; in t he
- 3
j u n gl e o n t he An d ij an s id e biig ln t m a r al ph e a s a n t a n d h a r e a r e
‘
h a d a ll in v e r y g o o d c o n diti o n
,
.
Ag a i n th e r e is K as an r a th e r a s m a ll t o w n s hip t o t he n o r t h ,
o f Akh s i F r o m K as an t he Akhsi w a t e r c o m e s in t he s a m e wa y
.
a s t he A n d ij an w a t e r c o m e s fr o m A fi s h K as an ha s e xc e l l e n t .
a ir a n d b e a u t i fu l l ittl e g a r d e n s ( bag hcha ) A s th e s e ga r d e n s a ll .
l ie a l o n g t he b e d o f t he t o r r e n t (sa i ) p e o pl e c a l l th e m t he fine
’
”4
fr o n t o f t h e c o a t B e tw e e n Kas an i s a n d A fi s his th e r e is r iv a l r y
.
a b o u t t h e b e a u ty a n d c l i m a t e o f th e i r t o w n s hip s .
MSS (t h e . E lp h MS h e r e h a s a a c u n a ) t h e Z a fa r -n am a (B ib I n d i 4 4 ) an d
. . l . . ,
Ib n H au k a l (O u s e l e y a n d o f t h o s e wr i t in p
t h e w o r wi t h t h e ga i
. g d ’
m u s a lla s a (i e a s A kh s ikis ) Y aq fi t s D ie t i 1 6 2 , R e in a u d s A b fi l -f e a I ii
. .
’ ’
,
’
. , d .
,
2 2 5 -6 I l m in s k
, y ( 5 ) e a r t in f r o m p d p
h is s o.ur c e a n d g
C a t (E t h e) N o 1 0 2 9 , . . .
It m ay b e o ser e b v d
t h a t I b n H a u k a l (O u s e l e y 2 8 0 ) w r it e s B a n a a s f o r p . k
B a n ak a t
'
F o r A s ir u d -d i n A khs i hi t i s oo
. ie u i i 5 6 3 a u a t Sh ah (B r o w n e ) , R , D l
p 1 2 1 a n d E t h e I O C a t N o 10 2 9
. . . . . .
M s u ed ea r on t he F r e n ch l
m i it a r y m ap of 1 90 4 , t h is m a y b e 8 0 kil . i . e.
50 m il es .
2 C g s e v e r a l d iffi c u lt p as s a g es in t he r es t o f B ab ur s a c c o u n t o f
o n c e r n in
’
A kh s i e A pp e n d i x A
3 T he W
, s e .
-i -B h e r e t ra n s l a t e s b aghii -m r al b y ga z a wn a n d t h e s a m e w o r d is
. . a
l in e i n t h e H a i MS Cf f 3 b a n d n o t e a n d f 4 a n d n o t e
e n t er ed u n d e r - , , . . . . . .
4
p os t i p os h b : : h n T h is o b s c u r e P ers ia n p hr a s e h a s b een t a k e n in t h e
r .
f o llo win g w a ys
899 A H .
-O C T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
In t he m o u n t a i n s ro u n d F a rg han a a re e xc e ll e n t su m m er
p a s t u re s (y i lci q) Th er e a n d n o wh e re e l s e t he ta ba lg hii gr o w s .
, ,
1
,
a t r e e ( y ig hdch) w ith r e d b a r k ; th e y m a k e s t a v e s o f i t ; th e y
-
m a k e bi r d c a g e s o f it ; th e y s c r a p e i t i n t o a r r o w s ; i t is a n
2
t o di s t an t
'
e xc e l l e n t w o o d (y i g hac h) a n d is c a rr i e d a s a r a r ity
3
4
pl a c e s S o m e b o o k s w r it e th a t t he m a n d ra k e is fo u n d in th e s e
.
m o u n t a i n s but fo r thi s l o n g t i m e p a s t n o thi n g ha s b e e n h e a rd

o f it A pl a n t c a l l e d Ay i q d i t ti a n d h a vi n g t h e q u a l i t i e s o f t he
.
5
m a n dr a k e (m ihr - 6
is h e a r d o f in Yi t i k in t ; i t s ee m s t o b e
( ) Wi B —- b o t h ve rs io n s ) r e p r o d u c e t h e phr as e
2 1 5 and 2 17 (i
(b) Wi B
a . . . e . .
-- MS q u o t e d b y E r s k in e p 6 n o t e p os t i n -i m i s h bu r a
. . .
, , .
, r .
L e yd e n s MS T rs a s h e e p s k in m an t l e o f fi e l a m b s kin s
’
(c ) . . , v .
(d) M e m s E rs kin e p 6 a m a n t l e o f fi v e l a m b s ki n s , . , .
(o) T h e P e r s ian a n n o t a t o r o f t h e E lp h MS u n d e r l in in g p os h wr it es p a n i . , , ,
five .
( f) K la pro t h (Ar c h i v es , p .
p us t i n i p is c h b r eh , d h . .
g iob den v o rde re n
(g) K ehr p (T l m in s
, k y 6 )p o s
. t i n bis h
12 p .
( ) C i f u r ru r e d a gn oa u do l a re m iere
’
h D e , 9 , o . . ,
p q a l it é
u .
T he a m s in s l bk of L a nd E c arr o n a n o t io n o f c o m f o r t s t a r t e . . y d by
t h e ir h a in rea v g d
s a yah s h e t e r f o r
’
u r i s a i t o rr e n t -b ed
'
de G a so a s , l , T k , . l l y
s t r es s o n f u r a n d w a r m t h b u t w o u not t he o w er o r er o f a m o u n t a i n , ld fl yb d
st r ea m p
r o m t r a t h er a h r as ep es e a i n o rn a m e n t an d ea u t t h an o n e p b p k g b y
ex p r es s i n g
w ar m t h an d t e t i e s o f t n es s ? If t h e hr as e m i h t b e r e a as x l p g d
p o s t i n p os h p e r d w h a t a o r n s t h e f r o n t o f a c o a t o r as p os t i n p os h b a r r a h t h e
, d , ,
fi n e f r o n t o f t h e c o a t t h e hr as e w o u reca t h e ga y em ro i e r e , fr o n t o f p ld ll b d d
l
s o m e ea t h e r n o s t in s p .
1 Var t a ba r khii n . T he e an a t io n es t s u i t in it s u s es en u m e r a t e h e r e
. xp l b g , d ,
is R e d h o u s e s s e c o n t h e R ed
’
i ow h us a n d
th in s it m a y b e t h e
, W ll . My b d k
y
H r c a n i an i ow W ll .
2 S t e in as s
g es c r i e s t d
hi b
s as a n arr o w w i t h o u t w i n o r o in t (b ar ? ) g p b
a n d t a e r in p at o t h en s g b d
i t m a y b e t h e r a c t is in ar r o w t a li m a fi qi o f t e n p g ,
‘
,
h ea d l ess .
3t a b a r ra klii q
'
C f f 4 8 b foot , for t he s a m e u s e o f t h e wor

. . . d .
4
y a b r iiju
’
-a n n a m
ss The o o ks r e f e r r e to B a u r m ay we . b d by b ll be th
-
R a u z a t u s saf d a n d t h e H a b i bu s -s iy ar a s o t h m e n t io n t h e
’ ’
ant b ‘
, pl .
5 T he u r i wor T k
ci y i
q is d
as a wa ke an d a l e r t ; a n d e xp la in e d by R e d h o u s e
by Me n in s ki a n d d e e n ar as s o borod a n d as a ret u r n t o r ight s en s es It m a y M y d .
d
b e u s e h e r e as a e q u i a e n t o f m i hr in m ihr -giy ah t h e v l
an t o f o e , pl l v .
5 Mr N e E i h i li i f hi d f i d p g p v v ll g
y .as as s c u s s e t h e o s t o n o t s r o u o s e e n a es .
( f
C . T R p . 1 8 0 n ) . A r ro w
. s m i t h s m a p a c es i t .
(a s I t i - in t a
) ro im a t e
’
pl k pp x ly
w h er e Mr T h R a dlo fi . es c r i es s e e in . it i e o n t h e F ar g h an a s o e o f t h e d b g . . l p
K u r am a r a n e ( f
C R é g
c ou i l d I t i n ér a i r os
. M r T h . R ad l o fi c a m e
’
p . . .
in t o Y k
i t i - in t a f t e r c r oss in t h e K in d ir lik as s f r o m T as h k in t a n d h e e n u m er g P
a t es t h e s e e n v
i a es a s t r a ers e v ll g h im e f o r e r ea c h in t h e Sir I t is v d by b g .
h ar d lyn e c es s a r t o say t h at t h e a ct u a y i a e s h e n a m es m a y n o t b e t ho s e o f l v ll g
B ab u r s it i - in t
’
Y k W
h e r e e r t h e w o r is u s e in t h e B abu r -n am a a n d t h e
. v d d
T ar i kh-i -r a s hi d i it a pp
e a r s f ro m t h e c o n t e t a o w a e t o a c c e t Mr o ff s x ll bl p R dl ’
, a .
l
o c a t io n b u t it s h o u be o r n e i n m in ld t ha t t h e n a m e it i - in t (Se e n b d Y k v
F A R G H AN A
t he m a n dr a k e ( m i hr - i ah) t h e
gy p e o pl e th e re c a l l by th i s n a m e
(i . e
. ay i q a uti ) . Th e r e a re tu rq u o i s e a n d iro n m i n e s in th e s e
m o u n ta i n s .
p e o pl e do j u s tly thre e o r fo u r th o u s a n d m e n
If ,
1
m ay b e m a i n
t a in e d by t he r e v e n u e s o f F a r g han a .
2
( b H.is t o r i ca l na r r a ti v e r es u med .
)
As U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a wa s a r u l e r o f h i g h a m b iti o n a n d gr e a t
‘
pr e t e n s i o n he wa s a lw a ys b e n t o n c o n q u e s t O n s e ve ra l
, .
o c c a s i o n s h e l e d a n a r m y a g a i n s t S a m a rk a n d ; s o m e ti m e s he
w a s b e a t e n s o m e ti m e s re tir e d a g a i n s t h is wi l l
,
3
M o re th a n .
o n c e he a s k e d h is fa th e r - in -la w i n t o t he c o u n try th a t is t o s a y , ,
m y g r a n d fa th e r Y an a s Kh an t he th e n Kh an o f t he M u g h al s , ,
in t he c a m pi n g g ro u n d (y iir t ) o f his a n c e s t o r C ha gha t ai Kh an , ,
t he s ec o n d s o n o f C h i n gi z Kh an E a c h ti m e t he M i rz a b ro u g ht .
T he Kh an i n t o t he F a rghan a c o u n t ry h e g a v e h im l a n d s b u t , ,
p a rtly o wi n g t o his m i sc o n d u c t p a r tly t o t he thw a rt i n g o f t he ,
Mu gh ii ls th i n gs di d n o t g o a s he wi s h e d a n d Yfi n a s Kh an n o t
4
'
, ,
b e i n g a b l e t o re m a i n w e n t o u t a ga i n i n t o Mu ghfi lis t an W h e n , .
t he M i rz a l a s t b r o u g ht T he Kh an in he w a s in p o s s e s s i o n o f ,
v illa g es t o w n s ) m i ht b e f o u n
or as a n g d o c c as io n a l n am e of A t i -s h a h rl S
( ix
t o wn s ) S ee T R s n A t i -s h a h r
. . . . . l .
1 ki s hi p
e r s o n , h e r e m a n if e s t fi h t in ly g g m en
W W
.
,
2
E lp h MS f z b ; . ir s t -i -B . 2 1 5 1 4 b ; S ec o n
. F
-i -B 2 17 . . . d . .
f 4 ;
. M
em s 6 Il m in s k y
. p 7 Mom s i 10
. p . . . .
l
T h e ru e r s w h o s e a ff a ir s a r e c h r o n ic e at e n t h in t h e F a r g h an a Se c t io n
'
l g l d
o f t he B N are .
( ) o f T im fi rid u r s (a w a s s t e
. , I i rz a) (a ) t h e t h r e e T k l y yl d M , ,
M ir an -s h ah i ro t h e r s A hm a b a hm a and m a r S h a i h w it h t h e i r s u c
, d M d , U k ‘
c es so r s B ai —s a n h a r
, g
A l i a n d B a u r ; (b) t h e B ai -q a r a H u s a in o f H a r at
,
‘
b ,
II C g
( ) o f h in iz K h an id s (a w a s s t e h an ) (a ) t h e t w o C h a gh a t ai Mu g h fi l
, l y yl d K ,
b ro t h er s a hm a
, M
a nd A hm a d
(b) t h e Sh a ib an id A fi z b e g u ha m m a d , M d
S ha i b an i (Sh ah -i - a h t o r Sh a ib aq o r Sh ah i B e g ) b k .
l g
I n e e c t in t o u s e t h e n a m e S ha iban i fo ow n o t o n t he H ai o e b ut , I ll ly . C d x
l
a s o Sh a ib an i s B o s w e u ha m m a
’
s ait h i r z a T h e E l p h M
ll M S f re q u en t
,
d M . . . ly
u s es S ha i b a b u t it s a u t h o r it
q o w n t o f 198
( H a i M S f 2 4 3 b ) i s n o t so rea t yd . . . . g
a s it i s a f t e r t h a t f o i o eca u se n ot t i l b
f 1 9 8 is i t a ir e c t c o p y o f B ab u r s o wn
,
ll . d ’
.
I t m a y b e m o r e c o r r ec t t o w r it e t h e Sh a i an i h an and e r h a s e en t he b K p p v
Sha i an ib .
”
3
b i m u r ad s o t ra n s a t e ec a u s e r e t ire m e n t w a s c a u s e
, once l
t he o er db d by v
ru i nl g o f Kh w a a U b a id u l -l ah A h rar i
‘
j (T R 1
’
. . . p .
4 On
ce t he M
i r z a d id n o t w is h Y fi n as t o w in t e r i n A kh s i o n c e d id n o t e ect xp
h im t o ie y ld
t o t he em an o f h is Mu gh fi ls t o b e l ed o u t o f t h e c u t i a t e
d d l v d
cou nt r y
( i lay a t ) H is o w n m is c o n u c t in c u e h is a t t a c in
w . an as o n d l d d k Y
a c co u n t o f A k h s i a n d m u c h f a in - o u t w it h in s m e n (T R s u n ) ll g k . . . . .
899 A H —
. OC T . 12T H . 14 9 3 T O OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
T as hki n t , w hi c h in b o o k s th ey writ e Sh a s h a n d s o m e ti m e s ,
1
H e ga v e it t o T he
'
C h ac h w h e n c e t he t e r m a C h ac h i b o w
, , , .
Kh an a n d fr o m th a t d a t e ( 8 9 0 AH -1 4 8 5 AD ) d o w n t o 9 0 8 AH
, . . .
( 1 5 0 3 AD ) i t a n d t he S hahru khiya c o u n t ry we r e h e l d b y t he
.
C ha gha t ai Kh an s .
At thi s d a t e 8 9 9 AH -I 4 9 4 AD ) t he M u g h ul Khan s h ip . .
w a s in S I Ma hm ii d Kh an Yfi n a s Kh an s yo u n g e r s o n a n d a
‘
’
.
,
a f-
h l b r o th e r o f m y m o th e r A s he a n d U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a s .
‘ ’
e ld e r b r o th e r t h e th e n r u l e r o f S a m a r k a n d S l Ahm a d M i rz a
, , .
w e re o ffe n d e d by t he M i r z a s b e h a vi o u r th e y c a m e t o a n a g re e ’
m e n t t o ge th e r S l Ahm a d M ir z a ha d a lr e a dy g iv e n a d a u g ht e r .
t o S I M a hm a d Kh an ;
.
2
b o th n o w le d th e ir a r m i e s a ga i n s t
U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a t he fi r s t a dv a n c i n g a lo n g t he s o u th o f
‘
,
t he Khuj a n d W a t e r t he s ec o n d a lo n g it s n o r th
fl
, .
M e a n ti m e a s t r a n ge e v e n t o c c u r re d I t ha s b e e n m e n t i o n e d .
th a t t he fo rt o f Akhsi is s it u a t e d a b o v e a d ee p ra vi n e ; a l o n g
3
th i s r a vi n e s t a n d t he p a l ac e b uildi n g s a n d fro m it o n M o n d a y , , ,
R a mzan 4 (J u n e 8 th ) U m a r Sh a ikh M i rza e w with his

, .
‘
,
pi g e o n s a n d th e i r h o u s e a n d b e c a m e a fa l c o n 4
, .
H e w a s 3 9 (l u n a r ) y e ar s o ld h a vi n g b e e n b o r n in S a m a rk a n d , ,
in 8 6 0 A H ( 1 4 5 6 A D ) H e w a s 5 1 A b fi -sa i d M i rza s fo u r th ‘ ’
. . .
so n
5
b e i n g yo u n ge r th an 8 1 Ahm a d M a n d S I M u h a m m a d
,
. . .
1
i e . m
. a d e o f
one n o n - w a r p in g w oo d (St e in g ass ) p e r h a p s t h a t o f t h e hi t e , W
P o pl a r T h e S hah-n am a ( u rn e r a co n ed 1 7 1 ) w rit es o f a h ac h i b ow a n d
. T , M . , C
a rr o w s o f kha da n g i e w h it e po p a r , . . l .
2
i e . .
‘
-
a i a s u t an R b m a rr i e d c ir ca 8 9 3 l A I ,
-
L 14 8 8 F o r p a r t ic u a r s AD . l
b
a o u t h e r a n d a ll w o m e n m e n t i o n e d in t h e R N an d t h e T R s e e G u lb a d a n . . .
B e g im s H a m ayan -n am a Or T r s S e ries
’
, . . .
3
ja r e it h e r, t h a t o f t h e K as an a t e r o r o f a d e e p y -e x c a v a t e d c a n a W l l .
l b l
Th e p a a c e u i d in gs ar e m en t io n e d a g a in o n f 1 r o b Cf A pp en d i x A . . . .
4
i e s o a r e d f ro m e a r t h d ie d
. . F o r s o m e d e t a i s o f t h e a c c id en t s ee A N
, . l . .
(H B e v e ri dg e i
. , ,
5
H S ii 1 9 2 F i ris h t a it h ed p 1 9 1 a n d D H e rb élo t s i xt h
. , , , l . . .
’
, .
l
It w o u d ha v e a c c o r d ed w it h B ab u r s c u s t o m if h er e h e h ad m en t io n e d t h e
’
g
p a r en t a e o f h is f a t h e r s m o t he r
'
h r e e t im e s (f s 1 7 b 7 0 b g 6 b) h e w rit e s . T .
, ,
of Sh ah S u t an B e i m l g
in a w a y a o wi n h e r t o b e t a k en as U m a r Sh a i kh s
‘
ll g ’
o wn m o t her N o w h e r e h o w e v e r d o es h e m e n t io n h e r p ar en t a g e
. , On e , .
g
e v e n c o n a t e s t a t e m e n t o n ly h a v e w e d is c o v e r e d v i z K hw an d -a m ir s ( P I S ii , .
’
.
,
1 9 2 t h a t U m a r Sh a ikh w as t h e o wn y o u n g e r b ro t h e r (ba r ada r khu r dt a r kh ad

‘
)
‘
)
o f A hm a d a n d Ma h m fi d If h is w o r d s m ea n t h a t t h e t h r e e w e r e f u ll - ro t h e r s
'
. b ,
‘
Um a r Sh a ikh s o wn m o t h e r w as A b fi s a i d s a rkh an w if e B ab u r s o m is s io n
’
- ‘
T .
’
(f z. 1 b ) t o m e n t i o n h is f a t h e r w i t h A a nd as a n e p h e w o f a r w e s h Mu h . M . D .
T k
a r h an w o u ld b e n e at i e t ev s t i m o n y a a in s tgt a k i n Kh w an d -a m ir s s t a t e m e n t g g ’
t o m ean f u l - ro t h e r lb
if c e r ica s i p s w e r e n o t e a s y a n d if K hw an d -a m ir s
,
l l l ’
F A R G H AN A
M . and S I M a hm ud M i rz a H is fa th e r Sl
. M i rz a .
, .
-
Ab d s a i d
‘
,
t he s o n o f S I M u h a m m a d M i r z a s o n o f T i m ur B e g s thi r d
’
wa s .
,
so n , M i r an -s h ah M a n d wa s yo u n g e r th a n U m ar Sh a ikh M i rz a
.
‘
,
( t he e ld e r ) a n d J a han gi r M b u t o l d e r th a n Sh ahr u kh M i rz a . .
c .
‘
Um a r S ha ikh Mt r z a s coun try ’
.
- 1
H is fa th e r v e him K ab u l a n d w ith bfi rs t b fo r g a , B a a i Ka u li
-
his gu a r di a n ha d a l l o w e d him t o s e t o u t b u t r e c a ll e d him fr o m

, ,
t he T a m a ri s k Va l l e y t o S a m a r k a n d o n a c c o u n t o f t he M i rz as
2 ’
,
C i r c u m c i s i o n F e a s t W h e n t he F e a s t w a s o v e r he g a v e h im .
,
An dij an wi th t he a pp r o p r i a t e n e s s th a t T i m ii r B e g ha d g iv e n
F a r g han a (An dij an ) t o his s o n t he e l d e r U m a r Sh a i kh M i rz a
‘
.
,
-
Thi s d o n e he s e n t him o ff w i th Khud ai b i rd i Tiig hchi T i nni r
fl
,
tash f o r his g u a r di a n
3
.
d H is
. a pp ea r a n ce a n d cha r a c ter is tics .
H e was h o r t a n d s t o u t r o u n d -b e a rd e d a n d e s hy-fa c e d
a s ,
p e rs o n 4
H e u s e d t o w e a r his t u n i c s o v e ry ti g ht th a t t o fa s t e n
.
t he s t r i n gs h e ha d t o d r a w h is b e l ly in a n d if he le t h i m se l f
W
,
o u t a ft e r tyi n g th e m th e y o ft e n t o r e a w a y H e a s n ot c ho ic e , .
in d r e s s o r fo o d H e w o u n d his t u rb a n in a fo l d ( da s ta r -
. p ech) ;
a ll t u r b a n s w e r e in fo u r f o l d s (choir -
p ooh) in th o s e d ays ; p e o pl e
m e an s o f in f o r m a t io n w e r e e s s g o o d H e h ow e ver o t h w as t h e s o n o f l . b
Ma hm fi d s w az ir ’
11 1 9 4 ) a n d s u ppl e m e n t e d h is b o o k in B ab u r s p r e s en c e
,
’
.
T o a s t a t e m e n t m a d e by t h e w r it e r o f t h e b io r a p h ie s in c u d e d in K e h r s g l ’
B N vo u m e t h a t
. . l f a m i ly (a am agh) i s n o t kn o w n n o w e ig h t c a n b e
,
'
a t t a che d s p i t e o f t h e c
,
o - in c i d e n c e t h a t t h e o n o l f o r m o f a am a h i e a am ak
g M g , . .
m e an s Mu tt e r -le i b T he b g
io r a p h ie s c o n t a in t o o m a n y kn o w n m is t a k es f o r
.
th e i r c o m p i e r t o o u t w e i g h K l h w a n d -a m i r in a u t h o r it y .
1
C f R a u z a tu ; -saf d v i 2 6 6
’
.
. ,
2
D a ra —i -g a z s o u t h o f B a l kh ,h is h is t o ric f e a s t t o o k p a c e a t e r v in . T l M
A s U m a r Sh a ik h w a s t h e n u n d e r t e n h e m a y h a ve b e e n
‘
8 7 0 A H ( 14 6 5 . ,
one of M i as c o n c e e d
t he rz rn .
K h d ai b i d i is a P e
3
u -T ki h yb id q u iva len t o f T h e o d o r ; taghchi
— r rs . ur r e e
im pl i s t h e r ig h t t o s e -b ea r e
e ( h d it r y t a n d a r d u) o g u d t h e t icgh
t or as ere a s r, ar
T im fi r -t as h m a y m e a n i F i n d o f T i m ar (a t it l e o t e x lu d e d h er e as b o rn e
. a . r e n c
by in h e rit a c e Cf f 1 d n o t e ) Sw o r d -f rie n d (i e C m p an io -in -a m s )

n . . . 12 7 a n , . . o n r ,
an d I o -f rie n d (i s t c h ) Cf D iet
r n T i m fi r -b a h a s o b riq u e t o f
. e . an . . . s n . . s ,
Ch a rl es XII .
4
E lp h an d H a i MSS qi ba y i liiq . t h is i u d e -l i e d in t h e E lp h MS by
. . c cz s n r n . .
i p u gh s ht Cf 1 6 8 b f o t h e a m p h s T h e f o u r e a l i r t rs s v iz
‘
t he t w o W
y a n r o . . . r s e ra e . r e . .
t h e E n g li sh an d t h F r e n c h h a v e v a ia n t s in t h is p a s s a g e
. e , r .
89 9 A H .
— OC T . 12T H . 14 9 3 1 0 O C T . 2N D . 14 9 4 15
1
w o re th e m w ith o u t twi s t i n g a n d le t t he e n d s h a n g d o w n . In
t he h e a t s a n d e x c e pt in h is C o urt he ge n e r a l ly w o r e ,
t he
Mu ghii l c a p .
o. H is qu a li ties an d ha bits .
H e wa s tr u e b e l i e v e r (H a naf i m a gha bl ik) a n d p u r e in t he

a
F a ith n o t n e g l e c ti n g t h e F ive P r aye r s a n d his l i fe thr o u g h

, , ,
m a ki n g up his O m i s s i o n s 2
He r e a d t he Q u r an v e ry .
’
f r e q u e n tly a n d w a s a d i s c ipl e o f h is H i g h n e s s Khw aj a

U b a idu l -lah ( A hr ar i ) w h o h o n o u r e d him by vi s it s a n d
‘ ’
c a l l e d h im s o n H is c u r r e n t r e a d i n g s w e r e t he t w o
3
e ve n .
Q u i n t e t s a n d t he Ma sn a wt ; o f h i s t o r i e s he r e a d c h i e fly
4 '
t h e S hah-n am a H e ha d a p o e ti c n a t u r e b u t n o t a s t e fo r
.
,
c o m p o s i n g v e rse s H e w a s s o j u s t th a t w h e n he h e a r d o f a
.
c a r a v a n r e t u r n i n g f r o m Kh it ai a s o v e r wh e l m e d b s n o w in
y
t h e m o u n t a i n s o f E a s t e r n A n dij an 5
a n d th a t o f it s th o u s a n d ,
h e a d s o f h o u s e s (a wi l aq) t wo o n ly ha d e s c a p e d h e s e n t h is ,
o v e r s e e r s t o t a k e c h a r g e o f a ll g o o d s a n d th o u g h n o h e i r s w e r e ,
F o l 7b
. .
n e a r a n d th o u g h he w a s in w a n t h i m s e l f s u m m o n e d t he h e i r s ,
f ro m Kh u r as an a n d S a m a r k a n d a n d in t he c o u r s e o f a y e a r ,
o r t w o h a d m a d e o v e r t o th e m a ll th e ir p ro p e r ty s a fe a n d
soun d .
H e w a s v e ry g e n e r o u s ; in t ru th his c h a r a c t e r r o s e a l t o g e th e r ,
t o t h e h e i g h t o f g e n e r o s ity H e w a s a ffa b l e e l o q u e n t a n d .
,
fl
s we e t - s p o k e n d a r i n
g a n d b o ld
,
Twi c e o u t -di s t a n c i n g a ll his .
1 The pp o sit io n m a y b e b e t w e e n p l a c in g t h e t u r b a n -s ash ro u n d t h e

a
t u b a n -c a p m a s in g l e a t f o l d a n d w in d in g it f o r t im es r o u n d af t e r t w is t in g
r u
i t o n it s e lf C f f 1 8 a n d H u gh es D i e t of I s l am n t u r b a n
. . . . s . . .
2
a a l a t h e p r a y e
r,r s a n d f as t s o m it t e d w h e n d u e t h ro u g h w a r t r a v e l
q e , ,
s ic kn es s e t c , .
3 a wan s a wad i ba
r
'
i di p erh a p s w ro t e a ru n n in g h a n d D e C i 1 3 s os
r ,
. .
,
,
l ec t u r e s c o u ra n t os éta ien t
4 T
he a t es of d ‘
m a r Sh ai h s i m it s o f U e ru s a k
a ow t h e
’
l p l ll Q u in t e t s
( K m f b h d
o f N i z am i a n d A m i r h K o f D ib l i
h a s a ti n ) h e r e r e e rr e t o t o e t o s e u s ra u .
T h e Ma sn a wi m u s t b e t h a t o f J a l al u d -d in R icm i
’
.
5 P b b ly b l
ro a e ow th e ir a ( o a r ) T k P pl
a ss t h e ca ra a n ro u t e m u ch P , v e xp o s e d
t o a v a la n c h es .
Mr E r s kin e n o t e s t h a t t h is a n e c o t e is e rr o n e o u s
.
to as of B a u r d ly ld b by
F ir is h t a a n d o t h e r s er h a s i t h a s P p
e en c o n f u s e d w i t h t h e e iso e
. b p d o n
f .z o 7b . k
F iris h t a m a es a n o t h e r m is t a e n a t t r i u t io n t o B a u r t h a t k b b , of
H a s an o f Y a q ii b s c o u e t
‘
Cf 1 1 3 b a n d
’
pl o w s H i n du s t a n 11 2 1 8
. . . D ’
, .
F A R G H AN A
bra ve s ,
1
he g o t t o w o r k w ith h is o wn s w o rd
G ate , on ce at t he
o f Akhsi o n c e a t ,
t he G a t e o f S hahr u kh iya
A m iddl i n g a rc h e r .
,
he w a s s tr o n g in t he fi s t —n o t a m a n b u t fe l l t o his b l o w , .
Th ro u gh his a m b it i o n p e a c e w a s e xc h a n g e d o ft e n fo r w a r , ,
fr i e n dl i n e ss fo r h o s ti l ity .
In his e a r ly d a ys he w a s a g r e a t d r i n k e r l a t e r o n u s e d t o h a v e ,
a p a r ty o n c e o r twi c e a w e e k H e w a s go o d c o m p a n y o n .
,
o ccasions r e c i ti n g v e r s e s a d m i ra bly T o w a r d s t he l a s t h e .
r a th e r pre fe r r e d i n t o xi c a ti n g c o n fe c t s a n d u n d e r th e ir s w a y
2
, ,
u s e d t o l o s e his h e a d H is di s p o s iti o n w a s a m o r ou s a n d h e
3
.
,
b o r e m a n y a l o ve r s m a r k 4
H e pl a ye d d ra u g ht s a g o o d d e a l
’
.
,
s o m e t i m e s e v e n th r e w t h e d i c e .
fl
H is ba ttles a n d en cou n ter s
f . .
H e fo u g ht th r e e r a n g e d b a ttl e s t he fi r s t wit h Y a n a s Kh an , ,
o n t he S a ih fi n n o rth o f A n dij an a t t he G o a t l e a p - 5
, a v i l l a ge , ,
so - c a l l e d b e c a u s e n e a r it t h e fo o t - hil l s s o n a r r o w t he o w o f
6
t he w a t e r th a t p e o pl e s a y g o a t s l e a p a c ro s s Th e re he w a s .
'
b e a t e n a n d m a de p r is o n e r Yfi n a s Kh an fo r his p a r t d id w e l l .
b y h im a n d g a v e him l e a v e t o g o t o his o w n di s tri c t ( An d ij an ) .
Thi s fi ght h a vi n g b e e n a t th a t pl a c e t he B a ttl e o f t he G o a t -l e a p ,
b ec a m e a d a t e in th o s e p a r t s .
H is s e c o n d b a ttl e w a s fo u g ht o n t he U r fi s in T urki s t an with

7
, ,
Afi z b e gs r e t u r n i n g fr o m a r a id n e a r S a m a r k a n d H e c ro s se d .
t he r iv e r o n t he ic e g a v e th e m a g o o d b e a t i n g se p a r a t e d o ff a ll
, ,
t he i r p r i s o n e rs a n d b o o ty a n d w ith o ut c o v e ti n g a s i n g l e thi n g ,
fo r h i m se l f g a v e e v e rythi n g b a c k t o it s o w n e r s
, .
1
yi gitlar oun , y g
m e n t h e m o e rn yi ghit B a u r u s es t he wo r
, d . b d f o r m en
o n t h e e ff e c t i e h t in v fig
s t ren t h g
I t a n s w er s t o t h e ra e g . b v o f N o rt h
A m e ri c a n n ia n s t o r I d
h er e d o t ra n s a t es it y b r a ve s C . l by .
2 m a ‘ an
j C f Vo n S c h w. a r z 2 8 6 fo r a r eci e
. p . p .
3
m u t a iy a m h is w o r T
n ot c ear
. w rit t e n in a l l MSS h a s e e n m is t a e n
d , l ly b k
f o r y it i m Cf . A S 1 9 10 . JR
8 8 2 f o r a n o t e u o n it pm y h u s an t o who m
. p by b d
I o w e t h e e m e n a t io n d .
4 na
l u d agh i b is y ar i d i t h a t is h e h a d in ic t e o n h im s e f m a n
’
, o f t he, fl d l y
b d d by l v
ra n s m a e o e r s a n d e n t h u s ia s t s Cf C h a r d in s Voya ges ii 2 5 3 a n d . .
’
La dy M M g o n t a u e s L e tt e rs
. 2 00
’
p . .
5 t i a s i rit
k k kit lit i e t o m a e o a t s ea
, . l k ly f ro m s i kr i m ak t o u m k g
c o se l p , j p l
d
f o o t e (Sh a w ) .
5 s i kr i ka dii r
n B o t h s i kr i t ka a n d s i kr i kan dii r a
. e a r t o d ic t a t e t r a n s a t io n
'
, pp l
g l
i n e n e ra t e r m s a n d n o t r e f e r e n c e t o a s in by
e t r a it io n a ea one o at gl d l l p by g .
7 i
e R u s s ia n
. . it is t h e A r s t ri u t a r o f t h e Sir y b y .
F A R G H AN A
t i m e I t o o k S a m a rk a n d (9 0 5 AH S pit e o f d e fe a t a t .
-
’
S a r i p u l I w e n t b a c k a n d h e l d it th r o u g h a fi v e m o n th s s i e g e
- 1
, ,
b u t a s n o s o r t o f h e l p o r r e i n fo rc e m e n t c a m e fr o m a n y b e g o r
r u l e r t h e re a b o u t s I l e ft it in d e s p a i r a n d g o t a w a y ; in th a t
,
t hr o n e l e s s t i m e ( f a t r a t ) Kh an Zad a B e gi m fe l l t o M u ha m m a d
- ’
S ha i ban i K han S he h a d o n e c h il d by h im a pl e a s a n t b o y
.
3
, ,
F ol 9. . n am ed K hu rr a m Sh ah T h e B a l kh c o u n t ry w a s g iv e n t o .
him ; h e w e n t t o G o d s m e rc y a f e w y e a r s a ft e r t he d ea th o f
’
t
h is fa e ( 9
h r 1 6 A H K h a n - z ad a B e g i m w a s in M e r v
.
w h e n Sh ah I s m a i l ( Saf a wi ) d e fe a t e d t he A fi z b e gs n e a r th a t
‘
t o w n ( 9 1 6 A H -1 5 1 0 A D ) fo r m y s a k e he t r e a t e d he r w e l l g ivi n g
. .
,
he r a s u ffi c i e n t e s c o r t t o Q fi n dfi z w h e r e s he r ejo m e d m e \Ve .
ha d b e e n a p a r t fo r s o m e t e n y e a r s ; wh e n M u ha m m a d i
ki cki ldash a n d I w e n t t o s e e he r n e it he r s he n o r th o s e a b o u t
t ,
he r k n e w u s a lth o u g h I s p o k e Th e y r e c o g n iz e d u s a ft e r
,
.
a. t inne .
M ih r -b an a B e gi m w a s a n o th e r d a u ght e r N as i r M i rz a s f u l l ,
’
s i ster t wo y e a r s yo u n g e r th a n I
,
Sh a hr -b an fi B e gi m w a s .
a n o th e r a lso N as i r M i rza s fu l l -s i s t e r e i g h t ye a r s yo u n g e r
,
’
th a n I Yad g ar -s u l t an
. B e gi m w a s a n o th e r h e r m o t he r ,
w a s a m i s t r e s s c a ll e d A g h a-s u l t an R u q a iy a -s u l tan B e gi m
, .
w a s a n o th e r ; h e r m o th e r M a kh d fi m -s u lt an B e i m
g p e o pl e , ,
use d t o c a l l t he D a rk- eye d B e gi m T he l a s t -n a m e d t w o .
w e re b o r n a f t e r t h e M i rz a s d e a th Yad gar-s u l t an B e gi m w a s ’
.
bro u g ht u p by m y g ra n d m o th e r Ai s an -d a u l a t B e gi m ; s he fe l l ,
t o A bd
‘
u l -l a t i f S l a s o n o f H a m z a 8 1 wh e n Sh a ib an i Kh an
’
.
, .
t o o k An d ij an a n d A khsi (9 0 8 A H S h e r ej o i n e d m t .
wh e n (9 1 7 A H -1 5 1 1 A D ) in Khu t lan I d e fe a t e d H a m z a S I a n d
. . .
o th e r s u l tan s a n d t o o k H i s ar R u q a iya -s u l t an B e gi m fe l l in th a t .
F 01 9b
. .
s a m e th r o n e l e s s t i m e ( fa tr a t) t o J an i B e
g 8 1 (A u z beg ) By h im . .
s h e h a d o n e o r t w o c hi ld re n w ho di d n o t l iv e In th e s e d a ys .
1
K h s MS h a s a p a s s a g e h e r e n o t f o u n d e l se w h e r e a n d s e e m in g t o b e a n
e r
’
.
a d a p t a t io n o f w h a t is a t t h e t o p o f I l a i MS 1 8 8 (Ilm in s k y p 10 b a wu jaa
'
. . . . .
, ,
tap i h .
)
2
t as hti , w h ic h h e r e seem s t o m ea n t h a t she fe ll t o h is s h a re o n d i v is io n 0 1
ca p t iv e s . Mu S ali h m a kes it a lo v e -m a t c h a n d pl a c e s the m a rr ia g e b ef o r e
B ab u r
’
s d epa rt u re . Cf f 9 5 a n d n o t e s
. . .
3
a ii ghl ci n . K h u r ra m w o u ld
b e a o u t fi v e whe n b g iv e n Ba l kh in c i r ca
9 11 AH .
( 1 50 5 d d
H e ie w h e n a o u t 1 2 Cf H S b . . . ii 3 6 4
, .
899 A H .
-O C T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 149 4
o f ou r l e i s ur e (f u r s a t lar ) 1
ha s c om e ne w s th a t s he ha s g o n e t o
God m e rc y
’
s
‘
i . H is la dies and mistr esses .
l -n i ar Kh ani m w a s t he s e c o n d d a u g ht e r o f Yfi n a s
Q fi t fi q g
K han and t he e l d e s t (h a l f s i s t e r o f SI M ahm ad Kh an a n d .
S ] Ahm a d . K han .
I n terp ola tod

f f ) B aba r m other a m ily
’ ’
j a ccou n t o s s .
Y a n a s K h an d e s c e n d e d fr o m C ha gha t ai Kh an t he s e c o n d ,
s o n o f C h i n gi z Kh an (a s fo l l o w s ) Y fi n a s Kh an s o n o f W a i s , ,
Kh an s o n o f Sh e r -a li A z cg hlan s o n o f M uh a m m a d Kh an s o n ‘ '
, , ,
o f Kh i z r Khw aj a Kh an s o n o f T fi g h lfi q - t i m ar K han s o n o f , ,
Ais an -b fi g ha Kh an so n o f D aw a Kh an s o n o f B a r aq K h an , , ,
s o n o f Yi sfi n t a w a Kh an s o n o f Mii at fi kan s o n o f C h a g ha t ai , ,
Kh an s o n o f C h i n gi z Kh an ,
.
S i n c e s u c h a c h a n c e h a s c o m e s e t th o u d o w n n o w a 2
,
s u m m a ry o f t h e h i s t o ry o f t he Kh an s .
Y a n a s Kh an (d 8 9 2 A H -1 4 8 7 AD ) a n d Ai s an -b ag h a Kh an . . .
( d 8 6 6 A
. H - 1 4 6 2 A D ) w e re s o n s o f W a i s Kh an
.
(d 8 3 2 AH . .
142 8 Y un a s Kh an s m o th e r w a s e ith e r a d a u g ht e r o r a ’
r d -d a u ht e r o f Sh a ikh N a r d -di n B T k is t a ni
’
g a n g u e g a u r ,
Q i p c h a q fa v o u re d b y T i m ii r B e g W h e n W a i s K h an di e d t h e .
,
Mu g hfi l h o r d e s pl it in t w o o n e p o rti o n b e i n g fo r Yfi n a s Kh an , ,
t h e gr e a t e r f o r Ai s an -b fi gh a K han F o r h e lp in g e tti n g t he .
u pp e r h a n d in t he h o r d e Ai rz i n (v a r Ai raz an ) o n e o f t he , .
B ari n ta m an -b e g s a n d B e g M i r ik Tu r km an o n e o f t he C hi ras .
,
t anni n - b e gs t o o k Y un a s Kh an (a e t 1 3 ) a n d with him

, .
t h r e e o r fo u r th o u s a n d M u g h ul h e a ds o f h o u s e s (a wi la q) t o ,
A fi l ti g h B e g M ir z a (S hahr u khi ) with t h e fi t t in g n e s s th a t Aii lfi g h

’
B e g M ha d t a k e n Y un a s Kh an s e l d e r s i s t e r f o r h is s o n Abd u l
’ ‘ ’
.
,
T h is f t t (i t e g u m ) w b et w
1
a ra B abn l o s o f F gh a
e rr n d hi as e en ur s
’
s ar na an s
g in o f K ab l t h e f r tla w
a uhi d y f e as f o l lo w i g
u c c es s in
sa r ere s a s o e n su
H i d a t a a n d ll wi g h is b o k t o b w it t e
n s n a o n o e r n .
i l d l i2
li t d t h b ( t t i g d w ) v b l f m i g o f 2 2 7b
Wit h t h e m f o m
q g s n , o a
. a
o rou c e e n n , er or e u rr n n .
1 . 2 . l it d t ho
sa b eyin g t h e c o m p il e f
r . o u e sa , r o
th A b a hgd i t d c es h is q t t io Sh a w p a d ig m q i l i g n ly Cf
’
e s n ro u uo a ns . s ar , n o . .
A Q R J . 19 1
. p 2 . an . 1, . .
K h MS (I lm i k y p 2 ) a d it d i v t iv es h r e i t e p l t t h e
3
e r s
’
. ns . 1 n s er a e n r o a e
«e r r
o t at em
on e t t h at t h s
us s s o f Y fi a s w e e A f aq a d B ab a K h a
en e on n r n ns .
F A R G H AN A
‘
zi z M i rz a Afi lfi g h B e g M i rz a d id n o t do w e l l by th e m ;
a .
s o m e he i m pri s o n e d s o m e s c a tt e r e d o v e r t he c o u n t ry o n e by
1
,
one .T he D i s p e r s i o n o f Ai rz i n b ec a m e a d a t e in t he Mu g hfi l
h o rd e .
Y an a s Kh an hi m se l f wa s m a d e t o g o t o w a rd s I raq ; o n e ‘
e a r he s p e n t in T a b r i z w h e r e J a h an Sh ah B a r an i o f t he B l a c k
y
Sh e e p T u r k m an s w a s r u l i n g F r o m T a b riz he w e n t t o S hi raz .
wh e re w a s Sh ah ru kh M i r z a s s e c o n d s o n I b rah i m S u l tan ’
,
M irz a 2
H e h a vi n g di e d fi v e o r s ix m o n th s l a t e r ( Sh a w w a l 4
.
,
8 3 8 A H -Ma y 3 r d 1 4 3 5 his s o n Ab d u l -lah M i r z a s a t in ‘ ’

.
, ,
his pl ac e O f th i s A
. b d u l -
lah M i rz a Yii n a s Kh an b e c a m e a
‘ ’
r e t a i n e r a n d t o him u s e d t o p a y his r e s p e c t s T he Kh an w a s .
in th o s e p a r t s fo r 1 7 o r 1 8 ye a r s .
In t he di s t u rb a n c e s b e tw e e n A fi lfi g h B e g M i rz a a n d his s o n s ,
Ai s an -b fi g ha Kh an fo u n d a c h a n c e t o i n v a d e F a r g han a ; he
pl u n d e r e d a s fa r a s K a n d -i-b a d am c a m e o n a n d h a vi n g , ;
plu n d e r e d An dij an le d a ll it s p eo pl e i n t o c a ptivity ,

3
S l Ab u . .
s a i d M i rz a a ft e r s e izi n g t he th r o n e o f S a m a rk a n d le d a n
‘
, ,
a r m y o u t t o b e yo n d Y an gi ( T a raz ) t o As p a r a in Mu g h fi l is t an ,
th e re ga v e Ai s an -b ag h a a go o d b ea ti n g a n d th e n t o ,
s p ar e hi m s e l f fu r th e r t r o u bl e fr o m him a n d with t he fi t t in
g
4
me s s th a t he ha d j u s t t a k e n t o w i fe Y un a s Kh an s e l d e r ’
t he fo r m e r w i fe o f A b d u l -a z i z M i r z a ( Shahr u khi ) h e
’
s i ster
‘ ‘
, ,
i n vit e d Yfi n a s Kh an fr o m Kh u ras an a n d I r aq m a d e a fe a s t ‘
, ,
b e c a m e fr i e n d s a n d pr o c l a i m e d him Kh an o f t he Mu g hii ls .
J u s t w h e n he w a s s p ee di n g him fo rth t he S aghar i c hi tam ari ,
b e gs ha d a ll c o m e i n t o Mu g hfi lis t an in a n g e r w ith Ai san ,
b fi gh a Kh an 5
Y fi n a s Kh an w e n t a m o n g s t th e m a n d t o o k t o
.
w i fe Ai s an -d a u l a t B e gi m t he d a u g ht e r o f th e i r c hi e f Ali -s h i r , ,
‘
1
i e . . b
ro k e u p t h e h o r e Cf T R 74 d . . . . p . .
2 S
ee f so b f o r hi s .es c e n t d .
3 D
es c e n a n t s d
o f t hese c a t i es w ere i n K as h gh a r w h e n Ha i p v d a r wa s
w ri t in t h e T R g I t w as c o m e t e
. in 9 5 3 A H ( 1 5 4 7
. Cf T R pl d . . . . pp 8 1 .
a nd 14 9 .
4 An f r o m h is
o m is s io n e r s ia n s o u r c e m is e Mr E rs in e h er e in t o m a in g
P l d . k k
-
A b fi s a i
‘
d l b
c e e ra t e t h e K h an i m s m a rr ia e n o t w i t h h im s e f b u t w it h h is
’
g , l
d efe a t e fo e A d
‘
u — ‘
,
bd l
a z i z w h o h a d m a r ri e
’
h e r 2 8 e a r s e a r ie r d y l .
5 A is an - b fi gh a w a s a t A q 8 11 in E a s t ern u r i s t an Y fi n as h an s h e a T k K ’
d
q u a r t e r s w e r e i n it i — in t Y k
T h e S agh ari c h i tim ni n w as a s u
. i is io n o f t h e bd v
K fi n chi u ha s M g l .
89 9 AH .
— OC T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
Beg T h ey th e n s ea t e d him a n d he r o n o n e a n d t he s a m e
.
1
whit e fe l t a n d r a i s e d him t o t he Khan s hip .
By thi s Ai s an -d a u l a t B e gi m Yii n a s Kh an ha d th re e ,
d a u g ht e r s M ih r -n i gar K han i m w a s t he e l d e s t ; S l Ab a-s a i d

. .
‘
M i rz a s e t he r a s id e fo r his e l d es t s o n S l Ah m a d M i rza ; s he
2
, .
h a d n o c hild I n a th r o n e l e s s t i m e ( 9 0 5 A H ) s he fe l l t o
. .
Sh a ib an i Kh an ; s h e l e ft S a m a rk a n d with Sh ah B e gi m fo r
3
Kh u r asan ( 9 0 7 A H ) a n d b o th c a m e o n t o m e in K ab u l (9 1 1 .
A t t he ti m e Sh a ib an i Kh an w a s b e s i e g i n g N asir M i r z a in
Q a n d a h ar a n d I se t o u t fo r L a m g han ( 9 1 3 AH ) th e y w e n t t o
4
.
B a d a kh s h an with Kh an M irz a W h e n M u b ar a k
Sh ah i n vit e d K h an M i rz a i n t o F o r t Vi c t o ry 6
th e y w e re ,
c a pt u r e d t o g e th e r with t h e w iv e s a n d fa m ili e s o f a ll th e i r
,
p e o pl e by m a ra u d e rs o f Ab a-bik r K ashg ha r i a n d a s c a ptiv e s t o

, ,
th a t ill d o i n g m i s c re a n t b a d e fa r e w e l l t o thi s t r a n s it o ry w o r l d
-
,
-1 0
( c ir ca 1
9 3 A H 5 7 .
Q l -n i ar Kh an s Kh an i m my m o th e r , Y an a s ’
fi t ii q g , wa s
s e c o n d d a u ht e r
g S h e w a s w ith m e in m o s t o f m y g u e r.i l l a
e xp e d iti o n s a n d th r o n e l e s s ti m e s S he w e n t t o G o d s m e r c y in
’
.
M u ha rra m 9 1 1 AH ( J u n e 1 5 0 5 AD ) fi v e o r s ix m o n th s a ft e r t he . .
c a pt u r e o f K ab u l .
Khfi b -n i gar Kh an i m w a s his thi r d d a u g ht e r H e r th e y g a v e .
t o M u h a m m a d H u s a i n K a r kci n D ag hlat ( 8 9 9 S he h a d
o n e s o n a n d o n e d a u ht e r by h im U b a i d Kh an (A uz beg ) t o o k
‘
g .
t he d a u g ht e r ( H a bi b a ) 7
W h e n I c a pt u r e d S a m a r k a n d a n d .
1
K han kat ar d i l ar T h e ri m it e c u
i s t o m w a s .t o if t t h e p h an - esi n a t e v l K d g
o ff t h e ro u n g t he h ras e d
ec a m e m e t a h o ri c a p
an d wo u bs e em t o b e so p l ld
h e r e s in c e t h e r e w e r e t w o u o n t h e f e t
, Cf h o w e e r T h pa o ff s R éc e u il l . .
, v , . R dl ’
d I t in ér a i r e s
’
32 6 p . .
2
qiiyii b i di ro a p b bly
in c h i h o o
, ld d .
3 S
h e w as i o rc e dv d by
Sh a i an i h an in 9 0 7 A H in o r e r t o a o w hi m t o b K . d ll
k l l g
m a e a w f u m a r r ia e w i t h h e r n i e c e h an -z a a , K d .
4
T p d
h is w as a r u e n t ia r e t r e a t l e f o r e S h a i an i h an : C f f 2 1 3 b b K . . .
5 T
he K i C h h i -Mu h fi l l b p k d
h an of h is t it e e s ea s h s a g a t a g e s c en t
g
t h r o u h h is m o t h e r t h e irz a h si T i m fi r i d
,
- ur i M
t h r o u h h is f a t h e r T k , g .
p
T h e c a t u r e o f t h e w o m en w as f a c i it a t e t h e w e a e n in o f t h e ir t r a e li n l d by k g v l g
e s c o rt t h r o u h h is g
e ar t u re Cf T R 20 3 d p . . . p . . ~
5
Ql
i a -i -z a f a r
‘
I t s ru in s a r e s t i . to e s e en o n t h e eft ank of t he ll b l b
K ku ch a Cf T R
. 2 20 and
. o s t en o i 14 0
. . p For.
u ar a Sh ah Ma z_afi a r i
K ‘
k , . M b k
s ee f 2 1 .
3 and T R s n . . . .
7 II
a b ib a a c h i wh en c a t u re
,
ld
w a s r ear e Sh a i an i a n d p h im i e n d ,
d by b by gv
g
in m a rr i a e t o h is n e h e w Cf T R p
2 0 7 f o r a n a c c o u n t o f t h i s m a r ri a e
. . . . p . g
a s s a in v g
H a id a r s i f e ’
l .
F A R G H AN A
a n d wh e n h e r
1
B u k hara (9 1 7 A H -1 5 1 1 s he s t a y e d b e h i n d .
,
'
p a t e r n a l u n c l e S a yyi d M u h a m m a d D fi g hlat c a m e as 8 1 S a i d
, .
‘
Kh an s e n v o y t o m e in S a m a r k a n d s he j o i n e d him a n d wi th
’
,
h im w e n t t o Kas hg ha r wh e r e (he r c o u s i n ) S l S a i d Kh an t o o k
’
.
,
he r K hfi b n igar s s o n w a s H a id a r M i rz a
- 2
H e w a s in m y
’ ’
. .
s e rvi c e fo r th r e e o r fo u r ye a r s a ft e r t he A fi z b e g s s l e w h is
fa th e r th e n ( 9 1 8 A H -1 5 1 2 A D ) a s k e d l e a v e t o g o t o Kas hg ha r t o
,
. .
t he p r es e n c e o f S ] S a i d Kh an
‘
. .
E v e r y t h i n g g o es b a c k t o i t s s o u r c e ,
P u r e g o ld o r s i lv e r o r t in 3 , .
P e o pl e s a y he n o w l iv e s l a w fu l ly (ta ib) a n d ha s fo u n d t he ’
4
r i g ht w a y (ta r i qa) H e h a s a h a n d d e ft in e v e ry th i n g . ,
p e n m a n s hip a n d p a i n ti n g a n d in m a ki n g a rr o w s a n d a r r o w , ,
Fol . 1
b a rb s a n d s t i n g g rip s ; m o r e o v e r he is a b o r n p o e t a n d in a
r -
p e tit i o n writt e n t o m e e v e n his s t yl e is n o t b a d 5

, .
Sh ah B e gi m w a s a n o th e r o f Y un a s Kh an s l a di e s T h o u gh ’
.
he ha d m o r e s h e a n d Ai s an -d a u l a t B e g i m w e r e t he m o th e r s o f
,
his c hi l d r e n S he w a s o n e o f t he ( s ix ) d a u g ht e r s o f Shah
.
6
S u l tan M u h a m m a d Sh ah o f B a d a kh s h an H is l i n e th e y s a y , .
, ,
r u n s b a c k t o I s k a n d a r F i l kii s f S l Ab fi -s a i d M i rz a t o o k
’
.
‘
a n o th e r d a u g ht e r a n d b y h e r h a d A b a bikr M i r z a
- 5
By thi s .
1 i e . . she d id
w it h h e r h u s a n s
n ot ta ke
efeat e f o rc e b u t
to fl igh t b d d ’
d , ,
re l yin
on g t he v
ic t o r h e r c o u s i n B a u r r e m a in e in t h e t o w n
, Cf T R b ,
d . . .
p . H e r c a s e r e c e i e s i h t f ro m Sh a h r an ti s (f
268 .
- ’
v lg b .
2
M
u ha m m a Hai a r ir z a K a r kd n D iighl at C h a gha t ai Maghal
d d M '
t he ,
a u t h o r o f t h e T ar i kh -i - ra s h i d i 90 5 AH 9 58 A H ( 14 9 9 155 1 b . . d . . b . d .
O f h is c a n t h e l
O g h l at (D fi gh l at ) Mu h s ali h s a s t h a t it w a s c a e y ll d ‘
, .
O gh l at u h a s b u t Q an fi r -at by M g l
g (B ro w n H o r s e ) A fi z b e gs by .
3 B a z g a ra da d b a a s l -i -khii d ha m a c hi z ,
Z a r -i -s af i u n a qr a u a i rz i n .
T h es e lin es b
in A r a ic in t h e in t r o u c t io n t o t h e A n war -i -s u ha il i
a re d .
T h e fi t is
rs
qu ot e H a i a r (T R 3 54 ) a n d ind by ie s D i et d
of O r i e n t a l . . p . F ld ’
.
Qu o t a ti o n s ( u n e rs t a n p I d
t h e m t o r e f e r h e r e t o H a id a r s r e t u rn t o hi s
. d ’
l
a n c e s t r a h o m e a n d n e a r e s t k in a s e in a n a t u ra a c t b g l .
4 ’
t a ib a n d t a r i qa s u est t h at H a i a r h a d e c o m e a n o r t ho o gg u s a m an d b d xM l
b
in o r a o u t 9 3 3 A H ( 1 5 2 7 .
'
5
A b h l -f a z a l dd
s m u s i c t o H a id a r s a c c o m is h m e n t s a n d H a id a r s o wn
’
pl ’
P l g
r o o u e m e n t io n s
ye t o t hers .
5
Cf T R s n a n d G u l -b a d a n s H N s n H a r a m B e i m
. . . . .
’
. . . . g .
7 i
l x d
e A e an er o f
. .
ace on F o r m o e rn m e n t io n o f M
en t r a d
A s ian . d C l
l
c a im s t oG k d re e es c e n t s ee i a o s t en o Vo n S c h w a rz H o ic h a n d K k ld
D
. . ,
,
A .du ra n Cf B u rn e s K abu l . 2 0 3 f o r a n i u s t r a t io n o f a s i
.
’
e r p a te r a p . ll lv
V
(n o w in t h e and A u s eu m
) o n c e o w.
n e . M
a n c e s t o rs o f t h is Sh ah S u t an ,
d by l
M ha m m a du .
5
Cf . 1 6b. not e
899 A H .
-O C T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
Sh ah B e gi m Y ii n a s Kh an ha d t w o s o n s a n d t wo d a u ght e rs .
H e r fi rs t -b o r n b u t y o u n g e r th a n a ll Ai s an -d a u l a t B e gi m s
’
d a u g ht e r s w a s 8 1 M a h m ad Kh an c a ll e d Kh an ik a K han by
, .
1
,
m a n y in a n d a b o u t S a m a r k a n d N e xt yo u n g e r th a n he w a s .
5 1 A hm a d K han k n o w n a s A l a c h a K han
. P e o pl e s a y he w a s
, .
c a l l e d thi s b e c a u s e he kil l e d m a n y Q al m a s o n t h e s e v e r a l
q
o c c a s i o n s h e b e a t th e m In t he M u g h ul a n d Q al m aq t o n g u e s .
,
o n e w h o will kil l ( a al tii rg a chi) is c a ll e d alachi ; A lac hi th e y

c a l l e d h im th e re fo r e a n d thi s by r e p e t iti o n
2
be c a m e Al a c h a , .
As o c c a s i o n a r i s e s t he a c t s a n d c ir c u m s t a n c e s o f th e s e t w o
,
Kh an s wi l l fi n d m e n ti o n in th i s hi s t o ry (tar i kh) .
Su lt a n -n i gar Kh an i m w a s t h e y o u n e s t b u t o n e o f Y an a s
g
Khan s c hil d re n H e r th ey m a d e g o fo r th (chi gar i b t azlar )
’ '
t o SI M a hm ad M i rz a ; by him s he h a d o n e c h ild 5 1
.
, .
W a i s ( Kh an M i rz a) m e n t i o n o f wh o m wil l c o m e i n t o thi s ,
h i s t o ry Wh e n 8 1 M a h m ad M i rz a d i e d (9 0 0 A H -1 4 9 5
. . .
s h e t o o k he r s o n o ff t o he r b r o th e r s in T as hki n t w ith o u t a
w o rd t o a n y s i n g l e pe r s o n e a fe w y e a r s l a t e r g a v e he r
Th y .
”
, ,
t o A dik ( Afi n g ) S u l ta n a Q az aq s u l t an o f t he l i n e o f J ii ji Kh an
3
, ,
C h i n gi z Kh an s e ld e s t s o n W h e n S h a iban i K han d e fe a t e d
’
.
t he Kh an s (he r b r o th e r s ) a n d t o o k T as hki n t a n d S hahr u khiya ,
(9 0 8 s h e g o t a w a y w ith 1 0 o r 1 2 o f he r M u g hfi l s e r v a n t s ,
t o ( he r h u s b a n d ) A dik S u l tan S he ha d t w o d a u g ht e r s by
, .
A dik S u l tan ; o n e s he g a v e t o a S ha ib an s ul tan t he o th e r t o ,
R a s hi d S u l tan t he s o n o f ( he r c o u s i n ) S l S a i d Kh an A ft e r
, .
‘
.
A d ik S u l t an s d e a th ( his b r o th e r) Q as i m Kh an Kh an o f t he
’
, ,
'
Q azaq h o r d e t o o k he r fi: O f a ll t he Q az a q kh an s a n d s u l tan s
, ,
n o o n e th e y s a y e v e r k e pt t h e h o rd e in s u c h g o o d o r d e r a s h e
, ,
1
i e . . K
h an s c h i
’
ld .
2 T
h e c a re f u o in t in l p
of t he H a i MS c ea r s u p e a r i e r c o n f u s io n
g . . l l by
s h o w in g g
t h e n a rr o w in o f t h e o w e s f r o m ald c h i t o a l a c h a v l .
3 T e El
h p h M S ( f 7 ) w r it e s A ti n g
. . h a n s son
. r es t e r o h n s t it e w h e r e K ,
’
, P J ’
l ,
o t h e r MSS h a e A i v dk
B ab u r s r e i t h a s c o n f u s e h i s a c c o u n t o f Su t an b v y d l
’
. .
n i ar g . Wd i o we of a hm a d M
in 9 0 0 A H s h e m a r r i e A i A i d a ter . d dk dk l , ,
j o in e d b
Sh a i an i K
h an b u t e f t h im in 9 0 8 A H p e r h a s s e c r e t l
t o o in h is o w n . p ly , j
Q a z aq h odr e H e w a s f o. o w e h i s w if e a a r en t ll
a s o m a in a d by
ri a t e , pp ly l k g p v
d pe a rt u r e As A i . ie s h o r t d kd d
a f t e r 9 0 8 A H h is a u h t ers w ere o rn ly efo re . d g b b
t ha t d
a t e a n d n o t a f t e r it a s h a s e e n u n e rs t o o Cf T R a n d G B s H N b d d . . . . . .
’
. .
s nn. a so l
em s 1 4 a n d Mom s 1 2 4
M p . . . , .
4 P
r e su m a bly by b l
t r i a c u s t o m y i n kd l i k m a r ri a e w it h a ro t h e r s w i o w , , g b ’
d .
S u c h m a rr i a e s s e e m t o h a e g e en m a e f r e q u e n t fo r t he v b
r o t e c t io n o f d ly p
l
w o m en e f t ef e n c e e s s d l .
F A R G H AN A
his a rm y ko n e d at wa s m en
rec O n his d e a th t he .
Kh an i m w e n t t o SI S a i d Kh an s p r e s e n c e in Kas hgh a r .
‘ ’
.
D a u l a t -s u l t an Kh an i m w a s Y a n a s K han s yo u n ge s t c hi l d
’
.
In t he T as hki n t di s a s t e r (9 0 8 A H ) s he fe l l t o Ti m a r .
S u l gan t he s o n o f S h a i b an i Khan B y him s he ha d o n e

,
.
d au g ht e r ; th e y g o t o u t o f S a m a r k a n d w ith m e ( 9 1 8 A H .
15 12 s p e n t th re e o r fo u r y e a r s in t h e B a d a kh s h an c o u n t ry ,
th e n w e n t (9 2 3 A H -t 4 2 o A D ) t o S ] S a i d Kh an s p re s e n c e in
. . .
‘ ’
Kas hg ha r .
1
fr esu m ed o ly ) a ther s a mi
f f B aba r
’ ’
(k A ccou n t
. s .
In U m a r S h a ikh M i rz a s ha r a m w a s a l s o A fi lfi s Ag h a a
‘ ’
d a u g ht e r o f Khw aj a H u s a i n B e g ; he r o n e d a u g ht e r di e d in
i n fa n c y a n d th e y s e n t he r o u t o f t he ha r a m a ye a r o r e i g ht e e n
m o n th s l a t e r F ati a s u l t an Agh a w a s a n o th e r ; s he w a s o f
m - .
t he Mu g h fi l ta nn i n -b e g s a n d t he fi r s t t a k e n o f his w iv e s Q a ra .
g a z ( M a k h d fi m s u l tan ) B e i m w a s a n o th e r ; t he M i r z a t o o k he r
g
t o w a r d s t he e n d o f h is l i fe ; s h e w a s m u c h b e l o v e d s o t o pl e a s e ,
him th ey m a d e he r o u t d e sc e n d e d fro m ( his u n c l e ) Min fi c hihr

,
Mi rz a t he e l d e r b r o th e r o f 8 1 Ab fi -s a i d M i rz a H e ha d m a n y
, .
‘
.
m i s tr e s s e s a n d c o n c u bi n e s ; o n e U m i d Aghac ha d i e d b e fo re ,
him L a tt e r ly th e r e w e r e a l s o T un -s u l t an (v a r Yu n ) o f t he
. .
M u g h a l s a n d Ag h a S u lt an .
l .
‘
Uma r S ha ikh MZr z a s A mi r s ’
.
Th e re w a s Kh u d ai -bi rd i T ug hchi Ti m ar -tash a d e s c e n d a n t o f

‘
t he br o th e r o f Aq -b fi gha B e g t he G o v e r n o r o f H i ri ( H e r at fo r , ,
T i m ar B e g ) W h e n 5 1 Ab il -s a i d M i rz a a ft e r b e s i e g i n g J fi ki
. .
‘
,
Mi rz a (S hahr u khi ) in S hahru khiya ( 8 6 8 A H -T 4 O4 AD ) g a v e t he . .
F a r gh an a c o u n t ry t o U m a r S h a ikh M i r z a he p u t th i s Kh u d ai ‘
,
b i r d i B e g a t t h e h e a d o f t h e M i rz a s G a t e 2
Kh u d ai -bi r d i w a s ’
.
1
Sa i s o w er t o
‘
d ’
p p
ro t e c t m a e h i m t h e r e f u e o f s e e r a din s w o m e n g v l k
d
m e n t io n e in t h e B N a n d t h e T R . h is m o t h e r a n d c h i
. r ea c h e
. . T
K as h gh a r ld d
in 9 3 2 A H ( 1 5 2 6 .
H e r e B a u r e n s h is [ b d p l
in t e r o a t e ] a c c o u n t o f h is m o t h e r s f a m i d
a nd
’
ly
r e s u m e s t h a t o f h is f a t h e r s
’
.
2 Ba
b
u r u s es a a ri e t of v
h r a s es t o e y
res s L o r s h i p in t h e at e H ere xp d p G .
h e w rit es a i s hi kn i bas hlat i b e s ew h e r e

'
l
a i s h i k ikht i y ar i qi l m ci q a n d m i n i n g ,
a i s h i ki m da s ah i b i kht i ci r i
y q i l m aq V o n S
’
c h w a r z ( 1 5 9 ) t h r o w s . i h t o n t h e p . lg
d u t ie s o f t h e L o r o f t h e d
a t e (A i s h i k A ghas i ) G D a s T h il r f ii h r t in e in e .
'
F A R G H AN A
in T ash ki n t th e r e e n t r u s t e d wi th t he g u a r di a n s hip o f
and wa s
Kh an Mi rz a ( W a i s ) a n d g ive n D iz a k H e ha d s t a r t e d fo r M a kk a .
b y wa y o f H i n d b e fo re I t o o k K ab u l ( 9 1 0 A H O c t but . .
h e w e n t t o G o d s m e r c y o n t he r o a d H e w a s a s i m pl e p e r s o n
’
.
,
o f fe w w o r d s a n d n o t c l e v e r .
Khw aj a H u s a i n B e g w a s a n o th e r a g o o d -n a t u r e d a n d s i m pl e ,
p e rs o n I t is s a i d th a t a ft e r t he fa s hi o n o f th o s e d ay s he u s e d
.
, ,
1
t o i m p r o vi s e v e ry w e l l a t d r i n ki n g p a r t i e s .
Sh a ikh M a z i d B e g w a s a n o th e r m y fi rs t gu a r di a n e xc e ll e n t , ,
in r u l e a n d m e th o d H e m u s t h a v e s e r v e d ( khi dm a t qt lg hdn
.
dzi r ) u n d e r B ab u r M i r z a (Shahr u khi ) Th e re w a s n o g re a t e r b e g .
in U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a s p r e s e n c e H e wa s a v i c i o u s p e rs o n
‘ ’
.
a n d k e pt c a t a m it e s .
‘
-
Ali m a z i d Qachi n w a s a n o th e r ; he r e b e l l e d twi c e o n c e a t
2
,
A kh si o n c e a t T as hki n t
, H e wa s di s l o y a l u n t r u e t o his s a lt
.
, ,
vi c i o u s a n d g o o d -fo r-n o thi n g .
H a s a n (s o n o f) Y a q ub w a s a n o th e r a s m a l l -m i n d e d go o d
‘
, ,
t e m p e r e d s m a rt a n d a c t iv e m a n T h i s v e rs e is his
, .
R e t u rn ,
0 H u m a f o r w it h o u t t h e
, p a r ro t -d o w n o f t h y l ip ,
The c ro w wi ll
a s su r e s oo n c arr d ly y o ff m y b o n e s .
” 3
H e w a s br a v e , h e r pl ay e d p o l o (cha u ghan ) w e l l a n d
a g o o d a rc ,
-
l e a pt w e l l a t l e a p fr o g 4
H e ha d t he c o n t r o l o f m y G a t e a ft e r
.
‘
U m a r Sh a ikh M i r z a s a c c id e n t H e h a d n o t m u c h s e n s e w a s
’
.
,
n a rro w - m i n d e d a n d s o m e wh a t o f a s t r i fe -s tirr e r .
Q as i m B e g Qachi n o f t he a n c i e n t a r m y -b e g s o f An dij an w a s
, ,
a n o th e r H e ha d t he c o n t r o l o f m y G a t e a ft e r H a sa n Ya q fi b ‘
.
Beg . H is l i fe thr o u g h his a u th o r ity a n d c o n s e q u e n c e w a x e d

,
w ith o ut d e c l i n e H e w a s a b ra v e m a n ; o n c e he g a v e s o m e
.
A fi z b e g s a g o o d b e a ti n g w h e n he o v e r t o o k th e m r a idi n g n e a r
K as an his s w o rd h e w e d a w a y in U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a s ‘ ’
1
qas haql ar n i y a khs hi a i tii r ci i kan d a r E lp h MS f o r qas hzi q t it y i k . . .
,
‘
i .
Qas haq is a o w e ll d b oth it s r o o t a n d

, by u sa e t o e s c r i e i m r o is a t io n s by g , d b p v
o f c o m in e b d d
a n c e a n d so n I u n ers t a n g
f ro m B ab u r s t e n s e t h a t h is
. d d ’
in f o r m a t io n w a s h e a r s a o n y ly .
2
i e o f t h e m i it a r c a s s
. . l y l
Cf Vu l le r s s n a n d T R .
30 1 . . . . . p . .
3 T h e H am
a is a f a u o u s ir b l
o e r s h a o w in b d
w h o s e w in s ,
r in s v d g by g b g
g d
o o -f o r t u n e T h e c o u et a
. pl
e a rs t o b e a r ess e pp
t o so m e m an u n e r t he dd d ,
d
n a m e H am a f r o m w h o m H a s a n o f Y a
,
q fi b ho e fo r en e t
’
p d b fi .
4 khd k-
bila t h e S a n glakh (q u o t in t h is a ss a e ) i e s khak—p : l : k a s t h e
, g p g gv
c o r r e c t f o rm o f t h e w o r d .
89 9 A H .
—O C T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
in t he -k i t he
p re se n c e ; an d B r o a d F o r d ( Y a s i ij
fi ght
i t c r ca at
9 4
0 A H -J u ly 1.
499 A D )
,
h e h e w e d a w a y with t h e r e s.t I n t h e .
g u e r il l a d a y s h e w e n t t o Kh u s r a u Sh a h ( 0
9 7 A H ) a t t h e t i m e I .
w a s pl a n n i n g t o g o f r o m t he M a c h a h il l c o u n t ry t o S I M a hm a d
- 1
.
Kh an b u t he c a m e b a c k t o m e in 9 1 OA H ( 1 5 0 4 A D ) a n d I s h e w e d
W
. .
,
him a ll m y o ld fa v o u r a n d a ffe c ti o n h e n I a tt a c k e d t he . .
T u r k m an H a zara r a id e rs in D a r a -i-khwu s h (9 1 1 AH ) he m a d e .
be tt e r a dv a n c e S pit e o f his a ge th a n t he yo u n g e r m e n I g a v e
, ,
him B a n ga s h a s a r e w a r d a n d l a t e r o n a ft e r r e t u r n i n g t o K ab u l , ,
m a d e him H u m ay un s g u a r di a n H e w e n t t o G o d s m e rc y
’ ’
.
a b o u t t he t i m e Z a m i n - d aw a r w a s t a k e n (cir ca 9 2 8 AH .
H e w a s a pi o u s G o d -fe a r i n g M u s a l m an a n a b s t a i n e r fr o m
, ,
d o u b t fu l a l i m e n t s ; e x c e l l e n t in j u d g m e n t a n d c o u n s e l v e ry ,
fa c e ti o u s a n d th o u g h he c o u l d n e ith e r r e a d n o r w r it e (u m miy )
, .
u se d t o m a k e e n te rt a i n i n g j o ke s .
B ab a B e g s B ab a Q u l i ( Ali ) wa s a n o th e r a d e s c e n d a n t o f
’ ‘
,
Sh a ikh Ali B a hadu r ‘ 2

Th e y m a d e h im m y g u a r di a n w h e n
‘
Sh a ikh M a zi d B e g d i e d H e w e n t o v e r t o S I Ahm a d M i rz a . .
wh e n t he M i r z a le d his a r m y a g a i n s t An dij an an d
v hi m A -t i p a A ft e r S I M a hm ad M i rz a s d e a th he l e ft
’
g a e u r a . .
,
S a m a r k a n d a n d wa s o n his w ay t o j o i n m e (9 0 0 A H ) wh e n S I . .
‘
Ali M i rz a i s s u i n g o u t o f A ti ra-t i p a fo u g ht d e fe a t e d a n d s l e w
, , ,
h im . H is m a n a g e m e n t a n d e q u ip m e n t w e r e e x c e l l e n t a n d h e
t o o k g o o d c a r e o f his m e n H e p ra ye d n o t he k e pt n o fa s t s ; .
he w a s l ik e a h e a th e n a n d he w a s a ty ra n t .
‘
-
A li d o s t Ta g h ai w a s a n o th e r o n e o f t he S aghari c hi tu m ci n
3
,
b e g s a n d a re l a t i o n o f m y m o th e r s m o th e r Ai s an -d a u l a t B e gi m ’
, .
I fa vo u r e d him m o r e th a n he ha d b e e n fa v o u re d in U m a r ‘
Sh a ikh M i rz a s t i m e P e o pl e s a id ’ “ W o r k w i l l c o m e f r o m h is
.
,
ha n d . B u t in t he m a n y y e a r s he w a s in m y pr e s e n c e n o ,
w o r k t o s p e a k o f c a m e t o s i g ht H e m u s t h a v e s e rv e d 5 1
4
. .
Ab fi -s a i d M i rz a ‘
H e c l a i m e d t o h a v e p o w e r t o bri n g o n ra i n
.
wi th t he j a d e -s t o n e H e w a s t he F a l c o n e r . w o rt hl e s s
1
Cf f 9 9 b . . .
2
O n e o f T i m fi r s e s
’
b g .
3 . . l
i e u n c e o n t he m ot her s si e
’
d o f a n y d e g r e e h e r e a g ra n d m o t h e r
, ,
’
s
bro t h e r T h e t it e a ea rs t o h a e l pp v b e e n gi v e n f o r l if e t o m e n r la t ed t o t h e
M d a m e M er e R o ya l U n c l e S u l t an Walid a
. e
l g
ru i n H ou se P
a r a e w it h i t a r e
. a ll l , , .
4
ki m d is a b fi lghci i e rh a s m e a n in
‘
p, p g N o t h i g o f s e r vi c e t o m e
,
n .
F A R G H AN A
by n a t u re a n d h a b it a s ti n gy s e ve r e s t r i fe -s tirr i n g p e r s o n fa l s e
, , , , ,
s e l f-pl e a s i n g r o u g h o f t o n g u e a n d c o l d -o f—fa c e
,
.
1
W a i s L cigha r i o n e o f t he S a m a r k a n d T ag hchi p e o pl e w a s
'
, ,
L a tt e r ly he wa s m u c h in U m a r Sh a i kh M i rz a s c o n
’
a n o th e r
‘
.
fi de n c e ; in t h e g u e r i ll a t i m e s h e w a s w ith m e Th o u g h s o m e .
wh a t fa c t i o u s he w a s a m a n o f go o d j u d g m e n t a n d c o u n s e l
,
.
Mi r G h iyas T a g h ai w a s a n o th e r a yo u n ge r b ro th e r o f Ali d o s t -
,
‘
h i h -s a i d M i r z a s
T g
’
a h a i N o m a.n a m o n g s t t e l e a d e r s n S I A ti .
‘
G a t e w a s m o r e t o t he fro n t th a n he ; he ha d c h a rge o f t he
2
M i rz a s s qu a re s e a l a n d w a s m u c h in his c o n fid e n c e l a tt e r ly
’
.
H e wa s a fri e n d o f W a i s L ag ha r i W h e n Kasan ha d b e e n g iv e n .
,
t o S I M a hm ad Kh an ( 8 9 9 A H
. he w a s c o n t i n u o u s ly in .
T he Kh an s s e rvi c e a n d w a s in hi g h fa v o ur H e w a s a l a u gh e r
’
. ,
a j o k e r a n d fe a r l e s s in vi c e .
Ali-d a r w e s h K hu r asan i wa s a n o th e r H e ha d s e rv e d in t he
‘
.
Kh u ras an C a d e t C o rp s o n e o f t w o s p e c i a l c o rp s o f s e rvi c e a bl e ,
y o u n g m e n fo r m e d b y 8 1 A b a-s a i d M i rz a wh e n he fi r s t b e an
g .
‘
t o a rr a n ge t h e g o v e rn m e n t o f Kh u r as an a n d S a m a r k a n d a n d
fl
, ,
pre s u m a b ly c a l l e d by him t he Kh u ras an C o rp s a n d t he S a m a r

,
k a n d C o rp s Ali -d a r w e s h w a s a b r a v e m a n he d id w e l l in m y
‘
.
p r e se n c e a t t he G a t e o f B i s hkar an 3
H e w r o t e t h e n a shk l a lig
‘
’
4
H is w a s t he t o n g u e a n d in his
’
h a n d c l e a rly a t t e re r s
.
c h a r a c t e r a v a r i c e wa s s u p r e m e .
Q am b a r - a li Mug hul o f t he E q ue r ri e s ( a kht a chi ) w a s a n o th e r

‘
.
P e o pl e c a l l e d h im T he Ski n n e r b e c a u s e his fa th e r o n fi rs t ,
co m ing i n t o t he ( F a rg han a ) c o u n t ry w o r k e d a s a s ki n n e r , .
-
Q a m b a r a li ha d b e e n Yfi n a s Kh an s w a t e r b o ttl e b e a re r l a t e r
‘
- 5 ’
o n he b e c a m e a b e g Ti ll he w a s a m a d e m a n h is c o n d u c t .
,
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t lk
a a n d o f fo o l i h t l k a g r e a t t a lk e r is s u re t o b e a fo o l i s h
s a —
,
o n e — his c a p a c it
, y w a s l i m it e d a n d his b r a i n m u ddy .
1
W a is t he h in T .
2
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h a r in e d
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3
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4 A
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and d p
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, .
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(p . 8 2
) f
a t a b c h i e w e r - ea r er Ilm 1n s k y (
, b
1 9 ) a kht a c hi s q u ir e o r ro o m p . ,
g .
C i r c u m s t an c e s su ort af t aba c h i pp
an a s w as t o w n - r e h is e w e r - ea r e r . Y b d , b
wo u ld
h ar b e t h e r o u h Mu gh fi l
d ly - g
a m a r a li u s e f u a s a n af t aba ch i
‘
,
Q b ,
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— OC T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
( 1
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)
At t h e t i m e o f U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a s a c c id e n t I w a s in t he ‘ ’
,
F o u r G a r d e n s ( C har bag h) o f An dij an

- 1
T he n e w s r e a c h e d .
An dij an o n T u e s d a y R a m z a n 5 ( J u n e 9 t h) ; I m o u n t e d a t o n c e , ,
with m y fo ll o w e r s a n d re t a i n e rs i n t e n di n g t o g o i n t o t he fo r t ,
b u t o n o u r g e tt i n g n e a r t he M i r z a s G a t e S hi ri m Ta g h ai t o o k
2 ’
, ,
h o l d o f m y b r idl e a n d m o v e d o ff t o w a r d s t he Pr ayi n g Pl a c e 3
.
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M i rz a c a m e in fo r c e t he A n dij an b e g s w o u ld m a k e o v e r t o him ,
m e a n d t h e c o u n t ry b u t th a t if he t o o k m e t o A fi z ki n t a n d t he
4
,
fo o thil l s th e r e a b o u t s I a t a n y ra t e s h o u l d n o t b e m a d e o v e r , , ,
a n d c o u l d g o t o o n e o f m y m o th e r s (h a l f b r o th e r s S I M a hm a d ’
, .
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.
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.
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i es A b fi l - h az i s e a n a t io n o f N u r am a n d pp l ’
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Su l t an im a s t h e n a m e is c o m m o n w it h B a u r H a i a r a n d G u l - a a n i e a s b , d b d , . .
a w o m an s B u s b ec q s e
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’
h an i m m yl K
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. . La A, K k k , My dy .
t hi r dg ro u o f n a m es f o rm ep i e t h e as t e n c it ic m (m y ) m a y b e c al e d lk l by l ’
, ld
n a m e s o f a ff ec t io n e g ah i m oo n an i m ,
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. .
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7 f o r a r e e t i t io n
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was in T as h k i n t A hm a in K as h gh ar o r o n t h e Aq -s fi , d .
5 T e B N
h c o n t a in s a c o n s i e ra
. . e n u m er o f w h a t a re i rt u a fo o t d bl b v lly
n o t es . T y
h e a r e s o m e t im es as h e r e e n t e r e in t h e m i e o f a s e n t en c e a n d, , d dd l
c o n f u s e t h e n a rra t i e t h e a r e in t ro u c e v y
h i m a m or e S i n o f a r en t h e t ic a d d by , g p l
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7
i . e . th e d ya t Cf f 3 b a n d n o t e B lo c h m a n n Ay i n -i
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a kba r i s n
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’
.
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.
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n , ,
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(B h d f h
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) m u st ha e co m e t o b e t h e v
R ef u g e (m a rji
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) and P o n t iff s ( Sha i k h a l -i s l am ) o f t h e (F a

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r g h an a)
'
count r y .
a nd t he h ea r d o f (t he i n t e n d e d d e p a r t u re ) th e y
beg s in t he f o r t ,
1
s e n t a ft e r u s Khw aj a M u ha m m a d t he t a i l o r a n o ld s e r v a n t , ,
b
( y )
a i o f m fa th e r a n d t h e fo s t e r -fa th e r o f o n e o f his d a u g ht e r s
r y .
H e d i s p e ll e d o u r fe a r s a n d t u r n i n g b a c k fr o m n e a r t h e Pr a y i n g ,
Fol . 16 b .
Pl a c e t o o k m e w ith him i n t o t he c it a d e l ( a r k) w h e re I d is
,
m o u n te d .
- -
Khw aj a M a u l an a i q azi a n d t he b e gs c a m e t o m y
p re s e n c e th e r e a n d a ft e r b r i n g i n g th e ir c o u n s e l s t o a h e a d 2
,
b u s i e d th e m s e lve s in m a ki n g go o d t he t o w e r s a n d r a m p a r t s o f
t h e fo r t 3
A fe w d a y s l a t e r H a s a n s o n o f Ya q fi b a n d Q as i m
‘
.
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chi n a rr iv e d t o g e th e r w ith o th e r b e g s w ho ha d b e e n s e n t t o
Q a , ,
r e c o n n o it r e in Ma rg hi n an a n d th o se p a rt s Th e y a l so a ft e r
4
.
,
w a iti n g o n m e s e t th e m s e lv e s with o n e h e a r t a n d m i n d a n d with

,
z e a l a n d e n e rgy t o h o l d t he fo r t , .
M e a n ti m e S l Ahm a d M i rz a t o o k Aura-ti p a Kh u j a n d a n d .
,
Ma rg hi n an c a m e o n t o Q a b a 4 y ig hach fro m An dij an a n d

5
, ,
th e r e m a d e h a lt At thi s c r i s i s D a r w e s h G a u o n e o f t he .
, ,
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,
p r o p o s a l s ; h is pu n i s h m e n t c r u s h e d t he r e s t .
Khw aj a Q az i a n d Afi z un ( L o n g) H a s a n (bro th e r) o f Khw aj a

5
,
H u s a i n w e re th e n s e n t t o S I Ahm a d M i rz a t o s ay in e ffe c t
,
.
th a t a s h e hi m s e l f w o u l d pl a c e o n e o f his s e r v a n t s in t he
,
c o u n try a n d a s I w a s m y s e l f b o th a s e r v a n t a n d ( a s ) a s o n he ,
w o u l d a tt a i n h is e n d m o s t r e a dily a n d e a s i ly if he e n t r u s t e d t he
s e r vi c e t o m e H e w a s a m i ld w e a k m a n o f fe w w o r d s w h o
.
, , ,
with o u t his b e g s d e c i d e d n o o pi n i o n o r c o m p a c t (a un ) a c ti o n
, ,
d e s c en d a t o f Sat aq -b agh r a K h an (b 3 8 4 A H -9 9 4 AD ) s o t h a t in K hw aj a
n . . .
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p r n o n e p r ie s t l y p e h a p s a ls o , , r
r e ga l t h e o t h e r o f b -g o n e r u l i n g K h a s C f D H e r b élo t p 4 3
’
, y e
3 Y k d n . . . ar an
Mi s i o B e ll e w p 1 2 1 T a ki t -i S u lt a S at aq-b ugh a K han G haz i P ads hah
s n , . g ra n
'
a nd T ar i kh -i -n asi r i ( R a v e r t y s n . .
)
1 '
da rz i IL S kha i yat ’
. .
2 bir
y i rga (qay ab ) lit t o o n e ac e , . pl .
3
i e r e c o n s t ru c t e t h e e a r t h e rn
. . ef en c e s d
Cf Vo n Sc h w a r z s n o ess d . . . . l .
4
T y
h e h a d e en s e n t r esu m a befo r e p
m a r Sh a i kh s e a t h t o o s e r e
, bly b ,
‘
U ’
d ,
b v
SI A h m a M s a d dv
’
. a nce Cf f 6. . . . .
5 T
h e t im e -t a e o f t h e A n i an ai wa bl
h a s a s t a t io n K o u w a ( a a) dj R l y , Q b .
5
b
B a u r a wa s t h in
, l
c a s t h is m a n L o n y I H as a n k
K h w an d -a m i r s t es , ll g yl
h im Kh w a a Ha s a n j
h e s e em s t o b e t he ro t h e r o f o n e o f
‘
m a r Sh a ikh s b U ’
ra t h e r s -in -l a w h w a a I l u s a in , K j ’
.
8 9 9 A IL — OC T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
o r m o ve ; th e y p a i d a tt e n ti o n t o o u r p r o p o s a l g a v e it a h a r s h ,
a n s w e r a n d m o v e d fo r w a r d .
B u t t he A l m i g hty G o d w ho o f H is p e r fe c t p o w e r a n d w ith , ,
o tu m o r t a l a id h a s e v e r b ro u g ht m ,y a ffa i rs t o th e i r r i g ht i s s u e ,
ma e d s u c h thi n g s h a pp e n h e re th a t th e y b e c a m e di s g u s t e d a t
ha vi dv n c e d ( i e fr o m Q a b a ) r e p e n t e d i n d e e d t h a t th e y
n g a a . .
,
h a d e v e r s e t o u t o n thi s e xp e diti o n a n d t u r n e d b a c k wit h

n o t hi n g d o n e .
O n e o f th o s e t h i n g s w a s thi s : Q a b a h a s a s t a g n a n t m o r a s s ,
ik
l e W a t e r
1
p a s s a bl e o n ly by
,
t h e b r i d g e A s t h e y w e r e m a n y .
,
th e r e w a s c ro wd i n g o n t he b r id ge a n d n u m b e r s o f h o rs e s a n d
c a m e l s w e re p u s h e d o ff t o p e r i s h in t h e w a t e r Thi s d i s a s t e r .
r e c a l l i n g t he o n e t h e y h a d h a d t h r e e o r fo u r y e a r s e a r l i e r wh e n
th e y w e r e b a dly b e a t e n a t t he p a s s a g e o f t he C h i r th ey g a v e ,
w a y t o fe a r A n o th e r th i n g w a s t h a t s u c h a m u r ra i n b ro k e
.
o u t a m o n g s t th e ir h o r s e s th a t m a s s e d t o g e t h e r t h e y b e g a n t o , ,
d ie o ff in b a n d s
2
A n o th e r w a s th a t th e y fo u n d in o u r s o l di e r s
.
-
a n d p e a s a n t s a r e s o l u ti o n a n d s i g l n e m i n de dn ess su c h a s wo u l d
n o t le t th e m fl i n c h fro m m a ki n g o ffe r i n g o f th e i r l iv e s
3
so l o n g
a s t h e r e w a s b r e a th a n d p o w e r in th e i r b o d i e s N ee d be i n g .
t h e re fo r e wh e n o n e y ig hdch fro m A n dij an t h e y s e n t D a r w e s h

, ,
M u ha m m a d T a r kh an t o u s ; H a s a n o f Y a q fi b w e n t o u t fr o m
4 ’
t h o s e in t h e fo r t ; t he t w o h a d a n i n t e r vi e w n e a r t h e P r a yi n g
P la c e a n d a s o r t o f p e a c e w a s m a d e Th i s d o n e 5 1 Ah m a d .
, .
M i rz a s fo rc e r e t i re d
’
.
M e a n ti m e S I M a h m ad Kh an ha d c o m e a l o n g t he n o r th o f
.
5
t he Kh u j a n d W a t e r a n d l a i d s i e g e t o A kh si I n A kh si w a s .
1
ba tqaq T h 1s w o r . is u n e r in e in t h e E lp h MS d d l
d il dil a n d in t h e d . . by
Ha i MS .
7 a m
.
y a rn aby I t i s t r a n s la t e i n t h e .
-i B a b p u r hi la wat er d W . . by ,
l d
f u l o f e c e it ; it i s o u r S o u h o f es p o n l g
I t m a y b e r e m a r e t h a t n e it h e r D d . k d
k gv
Z e n e r n o r S t e in g a s s i e s t o d i l d i l o r ya m ja m a t h e m e a n i n o f m o r a ss t h e g
A kb a r -n d m a o es s o (H B di i . . .
,
2
t a wi la ga mi la atl ar y i gh i l i b a al a ki r is ht i un e r st a n t he wor y i ghi l i b
'
. I d d d
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t h a t t h e m as s in l ed t o t h e s r e a o f t h e m u r r ia n g p d .
3
f a n t ar d t m d ql d r i e a s a i f t t o t h e i r o e r -
l or
. . g v d .
4
P
e rh a s p
B ab u r s m a t e rn a
,
r ea t u n c e
’
It w o u s u it t h e ri i e e sl g l . ld p vl g
d
b e s t o w e o n T a r k h an s if t h e i r t it e m e a n t K han of t he G if ts ( u r i t a r if t )l T k g , .
In t h e B d bu r n a m a it e c u e s a ll o t h e rs ,
o st o f A hm ax l d s e s w ere . M d b g ’
T a r kh an s A r g h u n s a n d , C g
h i n i z K h an id s s o m e o f t h e m a n c es t o r s o f a t e r , l
l
r u ers l n T
a t t a a n d S in o n c e rn in t h e T a r kh an s s eed . C 5 5 and n o t e g TR p . . .
D
,
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. . . ll
o w s o n S H i s t o r y of I n di a
’
5
Cf f 6 . . .
F A R G H AN A
J a h an gi r M i rz a ( 9) and O f b A l d a r w e s h B e g , M i rz a
ac t . i -
e g s,
‘
Q u l i K akz i ldci sh Mu h B aqi r B e g a n d Sh a ikh A bd u l -lah, L o r d

‘ ’
’
.
,
o f t he G a t e W a i s L ag ha r i a n d Mi r G h i yas Ta g h ai ha d b e e n
.
t h e re t o o b u t b e i n g a fra i d o f t he (Akhsi ) b e g s ha d go n e o ff t o
,
K asan W a i s L ag ha r i s d i s t r i c t w h e r e he b e i n g N as i r M i rz a s
,
’
, ,
’
e y w e n t o v e r t o S I Ma h m fi d
1
g u a r di a n t h e M i rz a w a s
, Th . .
F ol . 1 7b .
K han wh e n h e g o t n e a r A khs i ; Mi r G h iy as e n t e r e d h is s e rv i c e ;
W a i s L ag ha r i t o o k N as i r M i rz a t o S I Ah m a d M i rz a w ho .
,
e n t r u s t e d him t o Mu h M a z i d T a r khan s c h a r g e T he Kh an
’
. .
,
th o u g h he fo u g ht s e v e ra l t i m e s n e a r Akhs i c o u l d n Ot e ffe c t a n y ,
th i n g b e c a u s e t he Akh si b e g s a n d b ra v e s m a d e s u c h s pl e n d id
o ffe r i n g o f th e i r l iv e s F a l l i n g s i c k b e i n g ti re d o f fi ght i n g t o o
.
, ,
h e r e t u r n e d t o h is o w n c o u n t ry (i e T as hki n t ) . . .
F o r s o m e ye a r s Ab a bik r K ashg ha z i D ug hldt

-
,
2
b o wi n g t he ,
h e a d t o n o n e ha d b e e n s u p re m e in K as h g a r a n d Kh o t a n H e
, .
n o w m o v e d l ik e t he r e s t by d e s i r e fo r m y c o u n t ry c a m e t o t he
, ,
n e i g h b o u r h o o d o f Aii z ki n t b u i l t a fo r t a n d b e g a n t o la y t he ,
l a n d w a s t e K h w aj a Q az i a n d s e v e r a l b e g s w e r e a pp o i n t e d t o
.
d r iv e him o u t W h e n th e y c a m e n e ar he s a w hi m s e l f n o m a t c h
.
,
fo r s u c h a f o r c e m a d e t he Khw aj a his m e di a t o r a n d by a
, ,
h u n d re d wil e s a n d t r i c k s g o t hi m s e l f s a fe ly fre e , .
Th r o u gh o u t t he s e g re a t e v e n t s U m a r S h a ikh M i rz a s fo r m e r ,
‘ ’
b e gs a n d b r a v e s ha d he ld r e s o l u t e ly t o ge th e r a n d m a d e d a r i n g
o ffe r o f th e i r l iv e s T he M i rz a s m o th e r Sh ah S u l t an B e gi m
’
3
.
, ,
a n d J a han gi r M i rz a a n d t he ha r a m h o u s e h o ld a n d t he b e g s c a m e
fro m Akhsi t o A n d ij an t he c u s t o m a ry m o u r n i n g w a s fu l fi l l e d
a n d fo o d a n d vi c t u a l s s p r e a d fo r t he p o o r a n d d e s tit u t e
4
.
F ol . 18 . I n t he l e i s u r e fr o m th e s e i m p o r t a n t m a tt e r s a tt e n ti o n w a s ,
g iv e n t o t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e c o u n try a n d t h e o r d e r i n
g o f
t he a r m y T he A n dij an G o v e r n m e n t a n d c o n t r o l o f m y G a t e
.
w e re s e ttl e d (m u ka r r a r ) fo r H a sa n ( s o n ) o r Ya q ii b A fi s h w a s ’
d e c id e d o n (qa r dr ) fo r Q as i m Qa chi n ; A kh s i a n d Ma rg hi n an
a ss i g n e d ( t a i n ) t o A fi z u n H a s n a d
’
a n A li -d o s t Ta g h ai F o r t he ‘
.
r e s t o f U m a r Sh a ikh M i r z a s b e g s a n d b ra v e s t o e a c h a c c o r d
‘ ’
,
1
bog ataka l it b e g f o r f a t h e r , . .
2
T R s n Ab a- i r
. . . . bk .
3 Cf f 6 b a n d n o t e
. . .
4
f a qr a u m a s aki n , i e t h o s e w h o h a . . ve fo o d fo r one day and t ho s e w h o
ha ve none in h a n (St e in g as s ) d .
34 F A RG H AN A
an d th u
o g h t o w n - b re d u n m a n n e r e d a n d h o m e ly O f ,
.
n i u s he ha d n o s h a r e H e w a s j u s t a n d a s h is H i g h n e s s t he
g e .
1
Khw aj a w a s th e re a c c o m p a n yi n g h im s t e p by s t e p m o s t o f his
, ,
a ffa ir s fo u n d l a w fu l s e tt l e m e n t H e w a s tru e a n d fa ith fu l t o .
his v o w a n d w o rd ; n o thi n g w a s e v e r s e e n t o t he c o n tr a ry He .
ha d c o u ra g e a n d th o u g h he n e v e r h a pp e n e d t o g e t in his o w n
,
h a n d t o w o r k g a ve S i g n o f it t h e y s a y in s o m e o f his e n
, , ,
c o un t e rs H e d r e w a g o o d b o w ge n e r a lly hitt i n g t he du c k
.
2
,
b o th w ith his a rr o w s ( a uq) a n d his fo rk e d -a r r o w s (ti r -g iz ) a n d , ,
a s a ru l e hit t he go u r d in ridi n g a c r o s s t he l i s t s
,
3
L a tt e rly wh e n he ha d g r o w n s t o u t he u s e d t o t a k e q u a i l a n d
, ,
ph e a s a n t wi th t h e g o s h a wk s r a r e ly fa i l i n g A s p o rt s m a n he
4
, .
w a s h a wki n g m o s tly a n d h a wki n g w e ll ; s i n c e A fi l fi g h B e g

,
M i rz a s u c h a s p o r ti n g p adshah ha d n o t b e e n s e e n H e w a s
,
.
e xt r e m e ly d ec o r o u s ; p e o pl e s a y he u s e d t o h id e his fe e t e v e n in
t he p r iv a c y o f his fa m i ly a n d a m o n g s t his i n ti m a t e s O nce .
s e ttl e d d o w n t o dri n k he w o u ld dri n k fo r 2 0 o r 3 0 d a y s a t a ,
s tr e t c h ; o n c e ri s e n w o u l d n o t d r i n k a g a i n fo r a n o th e r 2 0 o r
,
-
g d a y s he a t e
5
3 0 d a y s H e w a s a .
g o o d d r i n k e r ; o n n o n dri n ki n
w ith o ut c o n vivi a l ity ( ba si l) Av a ri c e w a s d o m i n a n t in his .
c h ara c t e r H e wa s ki n dly a m a n o f f e w w o r d s wh o s e wil l w a s

.
,
in t he h a n d s o f his b e gs .
p . H is ba t tles .
H e fo u g ht fo ur fi r s t w a s wi th N i m a t A rg han
b a ttl e s T he
’
.
,
Sh a ikh J a m al A rg han s yo u n g e r b r o th e r a t Aq ar -t azi n e a r ’
, ,
Z a m i n T hi s h e w o n T he s e c o n d wa s Wi t h U m a r S ha ik h
. .
‘
Mi rz a a t Khw a s ; thi s a l s o he w o n T he thi r d a ffa i r wa s wh e n .
b e e n c o u n t e re d S l M a hm ad Kh an o n t he C h i r n e a r T as h ki n t
.
,
8
( 95 A H - 1469 T h e re w a s n o r e a l fi g hti n g b u t s o m e M u g h ul
.
,
‘
plu n d e r e r s c o m i n g u p by o n e s a n d tw o s in his r e a r a n d l a yi n g , ,
h a n d s o n his b a gga ge his g r e a t a r m y s pit e o f it s n u m b e r s , , ,
2
i lbci s u n , a kin d
m a a r (A bu s hqa) h e r e e r h a s a
of ll d , p p p o p in j a y . Cf H S . . .
ii ,
19 3 fo r A i m a
’
s l
s i d
as a n a rc h e r a n dk ll a n e G a l lw e y , P y ’
8 C r os s bo w 225 p . .
3
qa b aq a n a r,c h e r s m a r A b u l - h az i
’
( as an ed k .
’
g K . p . 18 1 5)
. m e n t io n s a .
hen (ta qa q) a s a m a r Cf k
a n e G a llw e y l c
. 231 . P y . . p . .
4
i
q gr h i c h a a s t a r p a lu m b a r i u s
,
'
(Sh a w s Vo c Sc u ) . . lly .
5 P
e rh a s , n o t p
qu a rr e so m e l .
899 AH .
—OC T . I 2T H . 14 9 3 TO OC T . 2N D . 14 9 4
b r o k e up w ith o u t a bl o w s t ru c k w ith o u t a n e ffo rt m a d e with o u t , ,
a c o m i n g fa c e t o fa c e a n d it s m a i n b o dy w a s d ro w n e d in t h e ,
C hi r 1
H is fo urth a ffa i r wa s with H a id a r K a ka ldash (Mugha l)
.
,
n e a r Yar -y i laq h e r e h e w o n .
q H i
.s coun try .
S a m a r k a n d a n d B ukh ara his fa th e r g a v e him ; T as hki n t a n d

S a iram he t o o k a n d h e l d fo r a t i m e b u t g a v e th e m t o his
y o u n g e r b ro th e r U m a r Sh a ikh M i rza a ft e r Abd u l -q a dfi s
,
‘
,
‘ ’
( D ag hldt ) s l e w S h a ikh J a m al (A rg hi m) ; Kh uj a n d a n d Afi ra

t i p a w e r e a l so fo r a ti m e in his p o s s e s s i o n .
r . H is childr en .
H is t w o l iv e b eyo n d i n fa n c y H e ha d fi v e
s on s did not .
2
d a u ght e rs fo u r b y Q at aq B e gi m
,
.
R abi a -s u l tan B egi m k n o w n a s t he D a r k -e ye d B e gi m w a s

‘
, ,
h is e ld e s t T h e M i rz a hi m s e l f m a d e he r go fo r th t o S I Ma h
. .
m ii d Kh an ; s he h a d o n e c h il d a n i c e l ittl e b o y c a l l e d B ab a
3
, ,
Kh an T he A fi z b e gs kill e d him a n d s e v e ra l o th e r s o f a ge a s
.
u n r ip e a s his wh e n th e y m a r t yr e d ( h is f a th e r) T he Kh an in ,
Kh uj a n d (9 1 4 A H -1 5 0 8
, At th a t t i m e s he fe l l t o J an i
.
B e g S u l tan ( A iiz beg ) .
S al i ha -s u l tan ( S a li q a ) B e gi m wa s his s e c o n d d a ug ht e r ;
p e o pl e c a l l e d he r t he F a ir B e g i m S I M a h m ud M i rza a ft e r . .
,
he r fa th e r s d e a th t o o k he r fo r his e l d e s t s o n S I M a s ud
’ ‘
.
, ,
M i rz a a n d m a d e t he w e ddi n g fea s t (9 0 0 L a t e r o n s he
fe ll t o t he Kas hgh a ri w ith Sh ah B e gi m a n d M ihr -n i gar Kh an i m .
Ayis ha -s u l yan B e g i m w a s t h e th i r d
‘
W he n I wa s fi v e a n d .
w e n t t o S a m a r k a n d th e y s e t he r a s id e fo r m e ; in t he g u e r il l a
,
t i m e s s he c a m e t o Kh u j a n d a n d I t o o k he r ( 9 0 5 A H ) he r o n e
4
.
l ittl e d a u ght e r b o r n a ft e r t he s e c o n d t a ki n g o f S a m a r k a n d
, ,
1
The T R ( 1 16
.
) apt t r i.u t e
. s t h e r o u t t o S h a ib am s b
e f ec t io n T h e H S d . .
v
(11 1 9 2 ) h a s a a ri e a n d c o n f u s e a c c o u n t
, d A n e rr o r in t h e T R t r s m a in d . . . . k g
Sh a i an i b pl d
u n er t he u h a s is m a n if e s t M g l
c e r ic a , ly l l .
2
. . d
i e c o n im en t c o qu on a you te a u p a i n,
’
'
3
Cf f 6 . . .
4
qaz aqlar ; h e r e i f B ab u r s m e a n in , h is c o n ic t s w it h am a
’
b ut as
,
g fl T b l ,
g
t h e B e im m a y h a e ee n s o m e t i m e in v b hu a n t h e qaz aqlar m a y b e o f K j d ,
S a m a r ka n d .
F A R G H AN A
w e n t in a fe w d ays t o G o d s m e rc y a n d s he h e r s e l f l e ft m e a t ’
t he i n s ti g a ti o n o f a n o l d e r s i s t e r .
S u lgan i m B e gi m w a s t he fo u r th d a u g ht e r ; S I Ali M i r za
‘
.
t o o k h e r ; th e n T i m ar S u l tan (A az beg ) t o o k he r a n d a ft e r h im ,
M a hd i S u lt an (A az bog ) .
M a s um a -s u l tan B e gi m wa s t he yo u n g e s t o f S I Ahm a d
‘
.
M irza s d a u g ht e rs H e r m o th e r H a bi b a -s u l tan B e g i m w a s o f
’
.
, ,
'
t he Ar g hun s a d a u g h t e r o f S I H u s a i n A rg han s b r o th e r I ’
. .
,
s a w he r wh e n I w e n t t o Khu ras an ( 9 1 2 A H - 1506 l ik e d he r .

,
a s k e d fo r h e r ha d he r b r o u g ht t o K abul a n d t o o k he r ( 9 1 3 A H
, .
15 07 S he ha d o n e d a u g ht e r a n d th e r e a n d th e n w e n t t o ,
G o d s m e r c y th ro u g h t he p a i n s o f t he b i r th H e r n a m e w a s a t
’
, .
o n c e g iv e n t o h e r c hild .
3 . H is la dies a nd m is tr esses .
M ih r -n i gar Kh an i m w a s his fi rs t w i fe s e t a s i d e fo r him b y ,
h is fa th e r S l Ab it -s a i d M i rz a S he w a s Y ii n a s Kh an s e l d e s t
‘ ’
. .
,
d a u ght e r a n d m y m o th e r s fu ll -s i s t e r ’
.
T a r kh an B e gi m o f t he T a r khan s wa s a n o th e r o f his wiv e s .
Qat aq B e gi m w a s a n o th e r t he fo s t e r -s i s t e r o f t he T a rkh an ,
B e gi m j u s t m e n ti o n e d SI Ahm a d M i rz a t o o k he r p a r a m ou r s . .
( d
‘
shi ldr
q b i la ) S h e w a s l o v e d w ith p as s i o n a n d wa s v e r y
d o m i n a n t S h e dra n k w i n e D u r i n g t he d a ys o f he r a s c e n d a n c y
. .
( t ir iklik) h e w e n t t o n o o th e r o f his ha r a m a t l a s t he t o o k u p a
,
p r o p e r p o s iti o n (a ii ln ar di) a n d fre e d hi m s e l f fro m his re p ro a c h 1

.
1 All t h e T k B b -n am a MSS a n d t h o s e e x a m in e d o f t h e W- -B b y
( u r i ) a u r i. . .
w r it in g a ii lt i d i (ki ll e d ) w h e r e I s u gge s t t o r ea d a aln ic di (de v e n i c o m m il f a u t )

cr r r e
s t a t e t h a t A hm a d k ill e d Q at aq I h es it a t e t o a c c e pt t h is ( 1 ) b e c a u s e t h e o ly
. n
e v id e n c e o f t h e m u r d e r i s o n e d ia c ri t i c a l p o in t t h e r e m o v a l o f w h ic h h i t , s
A hm a d s r e p ro a c h f r o m h im by h is r e t u rn t o t h e a c c e p t e d ru l es o f a p o l y
’
ga m o n s h o u s e h o ld (2 ) b ec a u s e n o m u r d e r o f Q at aq is c h r o n ic l e d by K h w an d
a m i r o r o t h e r w r it e r s a n d ( 3 ) b e c a u s e it is in c r ed i bl e t h a t a m i l d w ea k m a n ,
l i vin g in a f a m ily a t m o s p h e e s u c h a s B ab u r H a id a r a n d G u l -b a d a n r e p ro d u c e
r ,
f o r u s s ho u l d w h il e p o s s e s s in g f a c ili t y f o r d i v o r c e k i ll t h e m o t h e r o f f o u r
, , ,
o u t o f h is fi v e c h ild r e n .
R e p ri e v e m u s t w a it h o w e v e r u n t il t h e w o r d t i i kl i k is c o n s id e r e d Th is r .
E s ki n e a n d d e C h a v e r e a d w it h c o n s is t en c y t o m e a n l if e -ti m e b u t if
r . , , ,
a al a d i b e r e a d i n pl a c e o f a al t i d i (k i ll e d ) t i i kl i k m a y b e r e a d
n r i r e s p e c i a l ly , r ,
i n c o n j n c t io n w it h B ab u r s d s h i ql i klar a s m e a n in g li i g p o we r o r
’
u
‘
c da n c y
, v n as en .
A g a in if r e a d a s f r o m t i r i k a s m a ll a r o w a n d a c o n s u m i g p a in ti i kl i k m a y
, ,
r n , r
e p r e s e n t C u p id s d a t s a n d w o u n d s A g a in it m ig h t b e t a k e n a s f r o m t i r am ak
’ ’
r r .
,
t o h in d e r o r f o b id
, r .
Un d e r t h s e c o n s id e r a t io n s it is l e g it im a t e t o r e s e r v e j u d g m en t o n A hm a d
e , .
F A R G H A NA
d i e d t o S a m a r k a n d wi th his u n c le s a p p o in t m e n t s H e w a s
,
’
.
pl e a s a n t -n a t u re d a n d b ra v e W a fa i w a s his p e n -n a m e a n d he
’
.
t t th r a d i w an in v e r s e n o t b a d Thi s c o u pl e t is his
p u o g e e .
I am d ru n k I n sp ect o r
, ,
t o -d a y k e e p yo u r h a n d ofi me ,
I p ec t
ns me on t h e d a y yo u c a t c h m e s o b er .
Mi r ‘
N aw a i w h e n he w e n t fro m H i ri t o S a m a rk a n d
Ali-s h e r
’
w a s with A h m a d H aj i B e g b ut he w e n t b a c k t o H i ri w h e n
S I H u s a i n M i rz a ( Bai-q a ra) b e c a m e s u pr e m e ( 8 73 A H -1 4 6 o AD )
. . .
a n d b e th e r e r e c e iv e d e x c e e di n g fa v o u r .
1
Ahm a d H aj i B e g k e pt a n d ro d e e x c e l l e n t tfip ii chdqs m o s tly ,
B r a v e he wa s b u t his p o w e r t o c o m
’
o f h is o w n b r e e di n g .
m a n d d id n o t m a t c h his c o u ra ge ; he w a s c a r e l e s s a n d w h a t
w a s n e c e ss a ry in his a ffa i r s his r e t a i n e r s a n d fo l l o w e r s p u t ,
thro ug h H e fe l l i n t o S I Ali M i rz a s h a n d s wh e n t he M i rz a
. .
‘ ’
d e fe a t e d B ai -s u n g ha r M i rz a in B u kh ara (9 0 1 a n d w a s th e n
t t di h b l d th n t he c h a r e o f t he b l o o d o f
p u o a s o n o u r a e e a o g
2
D a rw e s h M u h a m m a d T a rkh an .
'
D a r w e s h M u ha m m a d T a rkh an (A r g hu n ) w a s a n o th e r t he ,
s o n o f A fi rd ii - b fi g ha T a r kh an a n d fu l l -b r o th e r o f t he m o th e r o f
S I A hm a d M i rz a a n d S I M ahm a d M i rz a
.
3
O f a ll b e g s in . .
S I Ah m a d M i rz a s pr e s e n c e he w as t he gr ea t e s t a n d m o s t ’
fl
.
,
h o n o u re d H e w a s a n o rth o d o x B e l i e v e r k i n dly a n d d a rw e s h
.
,
l ik e a n d w a s a c o n s t a n t t r a n s c r ib e r o f t he Q u ran
,
4
H e pl a y e d
’
.
c h e s s o ft e n a n d wel l th o ro u g hly u n d e r s t o o d t he s c i e n c e o f ,
fo wl i n g a n d e w his bi r d s a d m ir a b ly H e d i e d in t he h e i g h t o f .
h is g re a t n e s s with a b a d n a m e d u r i n g t he t ro u b l e s b e tw e e n
, ,
5
S ] Ali M i rz a a n d B ai s u n g h a r M i rz a
-
‘
. .
A bd u l -a li T a r kh an w a s a n o th e r a n e a r r e l a t i o n o f D a r w e s h
‘ ’ ‘
,
Mu ha m m a d T a r kh an p o s se s s o r a l s o o f his yo u n g e r s i s t e r ,
°
,
t h a t is t o s a y B aq i T a r khan s m o th e r
’
, Th o u g h b o th b y t he .
Mu ghfi l ru l e (l ar d) a n d b y his r a n k D a r w e s h M u ha m m ad ,
1 T
h e p o in t s o f a t ip fi h q a e v a io s ly s t a t ed If t h e r o o t n o t io n o f t he
‘
c a r r u .
n am b m ov m
e e t (t i p ) E rs k in e s o b
e v t io n t h a t t h e h o s es a r e t a gh t
en ,
’
ser a , es r u
s p ec i l p a c s is t o t h p o in t T o t h e v r b t ip am aq d ic t io a ies a s s ig n t h e
a e , e . e r n r
m i g of m
ea n n m n t wi t h g i t t i of m i d a n e xpl a n a t io n f u ll y i ll u s t r a t ed
ove e a a on n ,
i th B N
n e T h v e b d c ri b es fi t t in g ly t h e d i t y
. . e r e r v o u s a c t io n o f
es m a n , n so e
t a in e d h o s es
r Ot h e r m r i g a ig ed t o t ap ach aq a r e r o a d s t e r r o u d
. ea n n s ss n , n
b d i e d a n d w if t
o s .
2
Cf f 3 7 b 3
Cf f 6 b and n ot e
4 '
. . . . . . m a s haf kit aba t gi lar i di .
5
C f f 3 6 a n d 115
. .
0
. ii . 2 7 1 .
5 s i n ki l is i ha m m il n dd i d i .
899 A H .
— OC T . 12T H . 14 9 3 TO OCT . 2N D . 14 9 4 39
Ta rkh an w as t he s u p e ri o r o f Abd u T a rkh an th i s Ph a r o a h ‘ ’

-
l a li
‘
,
r e g a rd e d him n o t a t a ll F o r s o m e y e a r s he ha d t he .
G o v e r n m e n t o f B u kh ara H is r e t a i n e rs w e re r e c k o n e d a t . Fol . 22 .
a n d he k e pt th e m w e l l a n d h a n d s o m e l y H is g i ft s .
( ba khshi sh) his vi s it s o f e n qui ry ( p u rshish) h is p u bl i c a u di e n c e

, ,
( d i w a n ) h
, is w o rk -s h o p s (d a s t -
g )
a h h is o p e n - t a b l e ( shi la n ) a n d ,
h is a s s e m b l i e s (m ajlis) w e r e a ll l ik e a ki n g s H e w a s a s tri c t
’
.
d i s c ipl i n a r i a n a tyr a n n i c a l vi c i o u s s e l f-i n fa t u a t e d p e rs o n

, , ,
.
Sh a iban i Kh an th o u g h n o t his r e t a i n e r wa s w ith h im fo r a

, ,
t i m e ; m o s t o f t he l e s s e r (S ha ib én ) s u l tan s did th e m s e lv e s t a k e
s e r vi c e w ith h im Th i s s a m e A b du l -a li T a rkh an wa s t he
.
‘ ’ ‘
c a u s e o f S h a i b an i Kh an s r i s e t o s u c h a h e i ht a n d o f t he d o w n
’
g
fa ll o f s u c h a n c i e n t dy n a s ti e s 1
W
.
'
S ayyid Yus u f t he G re y o l fe r w a s a n o th e r his g ra n d fa t h e r
,
2
w il l h a v e c o m e fro m t he M u gh ul h o r d e ; his fa th e r w a s fa v o u re d
by Aulug h B e g M i rz a ( S hahr u khi ) H is j u dg m e n t a n d c o u n s e l .
w e r e e x c e l l e n t ; he h a d c o u r a g e t o o H e pl aye d w e l l o n t he .
g u it a r (qfi bu z ) H e w a s w it h m e wh e n I fi r s t we n t t o K ab ul I
.
s h e w e d h im t f v r d i t th h w w rthy f f v u
g r e a a o u a n n r u e a s o o a o r .
I l e ft him in Kabul t he fi r s t ye a r t he a r m y r o d e o u t fo r H in
d us t an ; a t th a t t i m e he w e n t t o G o d s m e rc y 3 ’
.
D a r w e s h B e g w a s a n o th e r ; he w a s o f t he l i n e o f Ai k u -t i m ur
B e g a fa v o u r it e o f T i m ur B e g
,
4
H e w a s a d i s c ipl e o f his .
H i g h n e s s Khw aj a U b a id u l -lah (A li mi t ) ha d k n o wl e d ge o f t he
‘ ’
,
s c i e n c e o f m u s i c pl a y e d s e v e r a l i n s t r u m e n t s a n d w a s n a tu r a l ly
,
F ol . 2 26 .
di s p o s e d t o p o e try H e w a s dr o w n e d in t he C h i r a t t he ti m e o f
.
S ] Ah m a d M i rz a s dis c o m fi t u re
.
’
.
M u ha m m a d M az i d T a r kh an w a s a n oth e r a y o u n g e r fu ll ,
b r o th e r o f D a r w e s h Mu h T a r kh an H e wa s G o v e r n o r in . .
T u r ki s t an fo r s o m e ye a r s t il l S h a ib an i Kh an t o o k i t fr o m him .
H is j u d g m e n t a n d c o u n s e l w e r e e xc e l l e n t ; he wa s a n
u n s c r u p u l o u s a n d vi c i o u s p e r s o n T he s e c o nd a n d thi r d t i m e s .
1
khan a -wada l d r , C h a gh a t ai t h e
v iz . im uri
the in t w o i r an -sh ah i ,
T d M
b r an c h e s
‘
,A li s a n d B ab u r s an d t h e B ai -q a r a in H a r at
’ ’
.
2
a aghl d ch i i a
q a e
. r .pl y
a t k i t k -bfi r a o n c e rn in t h e
’
a m e s e e Sh a w s
'
. C g g ,
’
V b l y
o ca u ar Sc h u e r i 2 6 8 yl o s t e n o i ii 8 2 ,
K
Vo n S c h w a r z s n ba iga k , . . .
3
Z
’
l -hi a -Ma i AD
s s t a t e m en t h e T lp
fi jj 9 1 0 A H y 1 5 0 5 C
.
f f 1 54 h s to
. . . .
fi b
d e n e w h a t B a u r r e c o n e h is e k d
e it io n s i n t o H in us t an xp d d .
4
k
A i u (A y ag fi ) -t i m ur T a r khan A rghiin c i r c a 7 9 3 A H -I 3 9 1 He d . . AD .
d
w a s a f r ie n o f im ur T S ee Z N i 5 2 5 e t c . . . , .
F A R G H AN A
I t o o k S a m a rk a n d , he cam e t o my p r e s e n c e a n d e a c h ti m e I
sh e w e d him v e ry g r e a t fa v o u r . H e di e d in t he fi g ht a t Kfi l -i
m alik (9 1 8 AH -1 5 1 2 .
B aq i T a r kh an w a s a n o th e r t h e s o n o f Ab d u l -a li T a r kh an ,
‘ ’ ‘
a n d S I Ahm a d M i rz a s a u n t
. W h e n his fa th e r di e d th e y g a v e ’
.
,
him B u kh ara H e g r e w in g re a t n e s s u n d e r 5 1 Ali M i rz a his

'
‘
. .
,
re t a i n e rs n u m b e r i n g 5 o r H e w a s n e ith e r o b e di e n t n o r
v e ry s u b m i s s iv e t o S I Ali M i rz a H e fo u g h t Sh a i b an i Kh an a t .
‘
.
D a b fi s i (9 0 5 A H ) a n d wa s c ru s h e d ; b y t he h e l p o f th i s d e fe a t
.
,
“
S h a i ban i Kh an w e n t a n d t o o k B ukh ara H e w a s v e ry fo n d o f .
h a wki n g ; th e y s a y he k e pt 7 0 0 b i r d s H is m a n n e r s a n d h a b it s .
w e re n o t s u c h a s m ay b e t o l d ; he g r e w u p w ith a M ir z a s
1 ’
s t a t e a n d s pl e n d o u r B e c a u s e h is fa th e r ha d s h e w n fa v o u r .
’
t o Sh a i ban i Kh an he w e n t t o t he Kh an s p r e s e n c e b u t th a t , ,
i n h u m a n i n g ra t e m a d e him n o so r t o f r e t u r n in fa v o u r a n d ki n d
n ess H e l e ft t he w o r l d a t Akhs i in m i s e ry a n d w r e t c h e d n e s s
.
,
.
S l H u s a i n A f g han w a s a n o th e r
. H e w a s k n o w n a s Q a ra .
k ul i b e c a u s e he ha d h e l d t he Q a ra-kul g o v e r n m e n t fo r a ti m e .
H is j ud g m e n t a n d c o u n se l w e r e e x c e ll e n t ; he wa s lo n g in m y
pr e s e n c e a l s o .
Q u l i M u ha m m a d B iig hdci w a s a n o th e r a gi t oni n ; he m u s t

2
‘
h a v e b e e n a b ra v e m a n .
A b d u l k a r i m I shi i t w a s a n o th e r ; he w a s a n Afi i ghfi r S l
‘
- 3 ’
'
.
,
Ahm a d M i rz a s L o r d o f t he G a t e a b r a v e a n d g e n e r o u s m a n
’
.
,
(i t H is t or ica l
. n a r r a ti v e r es u m ed .
)
A ft e r 5 1 Ahm a d . Mirz a s d e a t h ’
, his begs in t sen t a

a gr e e m e n ,
c o ur er b y t he m o u n t a i n -ro a d
i to i n vi t e Sl . M a hm ud M i rza; 1
M a l ik -i-M u ha m m a d M ir za , t he so n of Min uc hihr M i rz a S I , .
1 -n am e
' '
d n dci q i khlaq u a t a war i a

y g i d i ki m d i s a b fi lghd i T h e S h a h .
cap . x viii d es c ri b es , h im as a s o i e c hi p l d
a n d m an o f e as u r e c a ri n ld on y pl , g l
fo r e a t in g d r in kin g , an d h u n t in T h e S ha ib ai n ig-n am a n a rr a t e s h is
. a ri o u s
‘
v
a ff a ir s .
3
i . a c u t la s s , p a ra ll e l s o b r iq u e t t o
a qi l i ch s w o r
, d I f it . b e c o rr e c t t o
t ra n s a t e l by c u t l as s t h e n ic kn a m e
,
”
m ay ha e v p ro m p t e d B ab u r s b
ri e f
’
ll
f o o w in g c o m m en t u i Mu h m u s t h a e Q l v b b ra v e
' '
m a r dan a i kan di t r i e
’
,
e en , . . .
b e c a u s e kn o wn as t h e A c o m m o n a r ia n t in MS S f r o m B fi gkdci is
C l v ’
u t ass . .
Ba h ag d d B a h ad w a s rs t w rit t en in t h e H a i MS b u t is c o rr ec t e
g d fi t he . . d by
b
s c ri e t o b fi kdci
g
'
.
3
So o in t e in t h e H a i MS
p I s u rm is e i t a c a n -n a m e
d . . l .
4
i a t o o ff er h im t h e s u c c es s io n
. . T h e m o u n t a in r o a t a en f r o m A ur a-t i a . d k p
wou ld
be Ab- by
b u rd a n Sa r a -t aq a n d t h e K i m R ud e e , d fil .
F A R G HAN A
e n ga ge d th e m s e lv e s u n c e a s i n g ly w ith w i n e a n d fo r n i c a t i o n .
O n c e o n e o f th e m e n t i c e d a n d t o o k a w a y a c e rt a i n m a n s wi fe ’
W
.
he n he r hu s b a n d w e n t t o Kh u s r a u Sh ah a n d a s k e d fo r j u s ti c e ,
he re c e iv e d fo r a n s w e r : S h e ha s b ee n w ith yo u fo r s e v e ra l
”
ye a rs ; le t he r b e a fe w d a y s with h im A n o th e r thi n g w a s .
th a t t he yo u n g s o n s o f t he t o w n s m e n a n d s h o pk e e p e r s n ay ! ,
e v e n o f T u r k s a n d s o l d i e r s c o uld n o t g o o u t fr o m th e ir h o u s e s
fr o m fe a r o f b e i n g t a k e n fo r c a t a m it e s T he S a m a r a ka n dis .
,
h a vi n g p a sse d 2 0 o r 2 5 ye a r s u n d e r S i Ahm a d M i rz a in ea s e .
a n d t r a n q u il l ity m o s t m a tt e r s c a r ri e d th ro u g h l a w fu l ly a n d with
,
j u s ti c e b y his H i g h n e s s t he Khw aj a w e r e w o u n d e d a n d ,
tr o u b l e d in h e a r t a n d s o u l b y th i s O pp re s s i o n a n d thi s vi c e
,
.
L o w a n d hi g h t he p o o r t he d e s tit u t e a ll O p e n e d t he m o u th t o
, , ,
c u r se a ll l i ft e d t h e h a n d fo r r e dr e s s
,
.
g
B e w a r e t h e s t e a m in u p o f in w a r w o u n s d d ,
d d
F o r a n in w a r w o u n a t t h e a s t m a e s h e a l k d
v d
A oi whi e t ho u ca n st l d
is t r es s t o o n e h ea rt
, ,
gl g
F o r a s in e s i h w i c o n u s e a w o r ll ” 1
v l ld .
By r e a s o n o f his i n fa m o u s v i o l e n c e and vi c e S l M a hm u d .
M irz a did n o t rul e in S a m a rk a n d m o r e th a n fi v e o r s ix

m o n th s .
1 G u l i s t d n P a rt I . St o r y 27 . F or s t e a m in g up , s ee T e n ys o n s
n
’
L ot u s
e a t e rs C
h o ri c s o n g , can t o 8
1
9 00 A H .
- O C T 2N D . . 14 9 4 TO S E P 2I ST . . 14 9 5 A D .
T H I S ye a r M i rz a s e n t a n e n v o y n a m e d A b d u l
8 1 M a h m ud
.
,
’
q a d ii s B e g
2
t o b,r i n g m e a g i ft fr o m t he w e ddi n g h e h a d
m a d e with s pl e n did fe s tivity fo r his e ld e s t s o n M a s ud M i rz a ,
‘
with (Sali ha -s u l tan ) t he F a i r B e gi m t he s e c o n d d au g ht e r o f

, ,
his e ld e r bro th e r 5 1 Ahm a d M i rz a ,

T h ey ha d s e n t g o ld a n d
. .
s i lv e r a l m o n d s a n d p i s t a c hi o s .
Th e re m u s t h a v e b e e n r e l a ti o n s hip b e tw e e n thi s e n vo y a n d
H a sa n - i-y a q ub a n d o n it s a c c o u n t he wil l h a v e b e e n t he m a n
‘
,
s en t t o m ake H asa n - i-y a q ub by fa ir pro m i s e s l o o k t o w a r d s ‘

, ,
S l M a hm ud M i rz a
. H a s a n -i-ya q ub r e tu r n e d him a s m o o th
.
’
a n s w e r m a d e i n d e e d a s th o u h w o n o v e r t o his s id e a n d v
, g g e
a ,
h im l e a v e t o g o F iv e o r s ix m o n th s l a t e r his m a n n e r s
.
,
c h a n e d e n ti re ly ; he b e a n t o b e h a v e ill t o th o s e a b o u t m e
g g
a n d t o o th e r s a n d h e c a r r i e d m a tt e r s s o fa r th a t h e w o u l d
,
h a ve di s m i s s e d m e in o rd e r t o p u t ja h an gi r M i rz a in m y pl a c e
M o re o ve r his c o n v e r s a ti o n with t he wh o l e b o dy o f b e g s a n d
s o ldi e r s wa s n o t wh a t s h o u ld b e ; e v e ry - o n e c a m e t o k n o w wh a t
wa s i n h s m ind
i - -
Khw aj a i Q az i a n d (S ayyid ) Q as i m Qii chi n
.
a nd Ali - d o s t Ta g h ai m e t o t he r w e l l -wi s h e rs o f m i n e in t he
‘
p res e n c e o f m y g ra n d m o th e r Ai s an -d a u l a t B e gi m a n d d e c id e d ,
t o g iv e q u i e tu s t o H a s a n -i-y a q ii b s di s l o y a lty by h is d e p o s iti o n

‘ ’
.
F e w a m o n gs t w o m e n w i l l h a v e b e e n m y g r a n d m o th e r s
’
e q u a l s fo r j u d g m e n t a n d c o u n se l ; s he w a s v e ry wi s e a n d fa r
s i g ht e d a n d m o s t a ffa i r s o f m i n e w e r e c a r r i e d th r o u g h u n d e r
h e r a dvi c e S he a n d m y m o th e r w e r e ( l ivi n g ) in t h e G a t e
.
h o u s e o f t he o u t e r fo r t ; H a s a n -i-ya q ub w a s in t he c it a d e l
3 ‘
.
1E lp h MS f 1 6 b
. . irst
.
-i -B 2 15 f F
1 9 ; Seco n W .
-i -B . 2 17 . d W . .
f 1 5b
. M e m o ir s 27 p . .
2 H
e w a s a D fi gkl dt u n c e m a rr ia e o f H a i a r
,
l by
i rz a a n d n o w h o in g d M ld g
K hos t f M
a hm ud S ee T R s n f o r h i c la m
i A i a -
n d a u la t s ra t it u
’
g d
W~
o r . s o n s . . . . e .
3 t ds
h qarghan dd c hi qd r d d H e r e (a s e g f 1 1 0 6 9) . t h e S e c o n i -B . . . l . d . .
l
t ra n s a t e s t d s k a s t h o u h i t m e a n t s t on e in s t e a g o f o u t er Cf f 4 7 f o r a n d . . .
43
F A R G H AN A
W hen it a d e l in p u rs u a n c e o f o u r d e c i s i o n he h a d
I w e n t t o t he c , ,
r idd e n ou t p re s u m a bly fo r h a wki n g a n d a s s o o n a s he ha d

, ,
o u r n e ws w e n t o ff fr o m wh e r e he w a s t o w a r d s S a m a r k a n d
,
.
T he b e g s a n d o th e r s in sy m p a thy w ith him 1

w e re a r re s t e d ; ,
o n e wa s M u ha m m a d B aqir B e g ; S l M a hm u d D ii ldd i S I .
, .
M u ha m m a d D n ldd i s fa th e r w a s a n o th e r ; th e r e w e re s e v e ra l
’
m o re ; t o s o m e l e a v e wa s g iv e n t o g o f o r S a m a rk a n d T he .
An dij an G o v e r n m e n t a n d c o n tr o l o f m y G a t e w e r e s e ttl e d o n
( S a yyid ) Q a s i m
Q h
‘
i t c i n .
A f e w d a ys a ft e r H a s a n -1 ya q ii b r e a c h e d K a n d 1 b a d a m o n ‘
t he S a m a r k a n d r o a d he w e n t t o n e a r t he Khii q a n s u b divi s i o n
,
(a fi r chi n ) wi th i ll -i n t e n t o n Akhs i H e a ri n g o f it w e s e n t .
,
se v e r a l b e g s a n d b r a v e s t o o pp o s e h im ; th e y a s th e y w e n t , ,
d e t a c h e d a s c o u ti n g p a r ty a h e a d ; he h e a r i n g thi s m o v e d , ,
a g a i n s t t he d e t ac h m e n t -
s u r r o u n d e d it in it s n i g ht q u a rt e rs
2
,
a n d p o u r e d fl i ht s o f a r r o w s
g ( s hi b a
) in o n it I n t h e d a rk .
n e s s o f t he n i ht a n a r r o w (a n
g g) s h o t b y o n e o f h is o w n m e n , ,
hit him j u s t (a fi q) in t he v e n t (qdchd r ) a n d b e fo r e he c o ul d t a k e

ven t he b e c a m e t he c a ptiv e o f his o w n ac t .
v d
I f y o u h a e o n e il l k e e n o t , p a n ea s y m in d ,
b ’
F o r r e t r i u t io n is N a t u r e s l g1i
Thi s ye a r I b e ga n t o a b s t a i n fr o m a ll d o u b t fu l fo o d , my
o b e di e n c e e xt e n d e d e v e n t o t h e k n i fe t he s p o o n a n d , t he
t a b l e c l o th ; a l s o t he a ft e r -m i d n i g ht Pr aye r (ta hajju d)
- 5
was
F ol . 256 .
le s s n e g l e c t e d .
a d j ec t iva l u s e O f td s h s t o n e w it h t h e p r ep o s it io n (tas h) din T h e p la c e s

, , .
c o n t r a s t e d h e r e a r e t h e c it a d e l w l d -t o wn
( k ) a n d t h e a l e (qii rghdn ) T h e ar .
x fi d G h o u s e o f t h e m u d c ir c u m v a ll a t io n
fl
c hi ga - Cf f 4 6
r (e i t ) i s t h e f o r t i e a t e . . .
f o r a n o t h e r e x a m p l e o f c hi gar .
1
E lp h I l a i K eh r s MSS d n i n g b i la bd r ki s hi b d r b egld n i t fi t fi fi ldi T h is
’
. . . ,
r r .
A p a li m p s e s t en t r y i n t h e E lp h MS p ro d u c es t h e
’
id i o m r e c s o n f 76 6 l 8
ur . . . . .
s t a t e m e t t h a t w h e n Ha s a n
n ed h is b e g s r e t u rn e d t o A n d ij a n , .
2
H a i M
. S a w i m a k fi
. z i u n d er li n e d byn s g h i - du
g , c o w s t h a t c h e d h o u s e a ,
’
.
[T m u k z li t h o r n m e a n s a l s o c a t t l e ] E l p h MS a wi m u kiis h u n d e r
‘
. n u , . , . n ,
lin e d by d r jd i khwab a lf a khta s l e e p in g p la c e

a
’
[T m fi n kfi s k r et ir e d ] , . . , .
3
T h e fi r s t qd c kd o f t h is p u n h a s b ee n e xp la in e d a s gu e z -gd h s ha r m -gal
'
r r , i ,
h in d e r p a r t s f u it e a n d v e r t eb e i n /é i n
, T h e H S (11 2 7 3 l 3 f r f t ) s a y s t h e
r r e r
,
. . , . . .
w o u n d w a s i n a vi t a l (m a p
q tt l ) a rt a a .
4
F ro m N igam i s K h s a u u S hi i n L a h o r e lit h ed p 1 3 7 l 8 It is q u o t e d
’
u r r , . . . . .
a ls o in t h e A N B ib In d e d ii 2 0 7 (H B ii
. . . . . , . .
,
5
g
S ee H u h e s D i c t i on a r y of I s ld m s n n E a t in . . g and F d oo .
fl
F A R G H AN A
1
t a s t e fo r p o e t ry a n d put a di wan t o ge th e r b u t his
H e ha d a
v e r s e is at a d i n n s ipi d n o t t o c o m p o s e is b e tt e r th a n t o
—
,
c o m p o s e v e r s e s u c h a s h is H e w a s n o t fi r m in t he F a ith a n d .
h e ld his H i g h n e s s Kh w aj a U b a idu l -lah (A hr dr i) in s l i g ht

‘ ’
e ste e m H e ha d n o h e a rt (y ii r n k) a n d w a s s o m e wh a t s c a n t in
.
m o d e s ty —
s e v e ra 1 o f h is i m p u d e n t b u ffo o n s u s e d t o do th e i r
,
fi lthy a n d a b o m i n a bl e a c t s in his fu l l C o u r t in a ll m e n s s i g ht ,
’
.
H e s p o k e b a dly th e r e w a s n o u n d e rs t a n di n g him a t fi r s t
, .
d . H is ba tt les .
H e fo u g ht t w o
b a ttl e s b o th w ith SI H u s a i n M i rz a (B di , .
g a r d ) T h e fi r s t w a.s in A s t a r ab ad ; h e r e h e w a s d e fea t e d
T he s e c o n d w a s a t C h i k m a n n e a r A n dikhfi d ; h e re
a l s o h e w a s d e fe a t e d H e w e n t twi c e t o Kafi r is t an o n t he
W
.
,
s o u th o f B a d a kh s h an a n d m a d e H o ly a r ; fo r th i s r e a s o n,
th ey w ro t e him 5 1 Ma h m fi d G lz dz i in t he h e a di n gs o f his .
p u bli c p a p e r s .
e . H is cou n tr ies .
SI d M i rz a ga v e him A s t a rfi b ei d
Ab ii -s a i
‘
A ft e r t h e I r aq 3
‘
‘
. .
di s a s t e r his fa th e r s d e a th ) h e w e n t i n t o Kh u r as an
’
At , .
th a t t i m e Q a m b a r-a li B e g t he g o v e r n o r o f H i s ar by S ] Ab ii
,
‘
, , .
s a i d M i rz a s o r d e r s ha d m o bil iz e d t he H in dfi s t an a r m y a n d
‘ ’
4
,
w a s fo l l o wi n g him i n t o Ir zi q ; he j o i n e d Ma hm fi d M irz a in
‘
'
Kh u ras an b u t t he Khu ras an is h e a ri n g o f S I H u s a i n M irz a s , .

’
a ppr o a c h r o s e s u dd e n ly a n d d r o v e th e m o u t o f t he c o u n t ry
, .
O n thi s 5 1 Ma hm fi d M i rz a w e n t t o his e ld e r b r o th e r S I
.
,
Ahm a d M i rz a in S a m a r k a n d A f e w m o n th s l a t e r S a yy id .
.
B a dr a n d Kh u s ra u Sh ah a n d s o m e b r a v e s u n d e r Ahm a d
1
i e a c o ll e c t io n o f p o e m s in t h e a l p h a b e t ic a l o r d e r o f t h e v a r io u s e n d
. . ,
r h ym e s (St e in g as s ) . .
2 A t t h is b a t t l e D a u l a t -s h ah w a s p r e s e n t Cf B r o wn e s D S f o r A s ta r ab ad . .
’
. .
p 5 2 3 a n d f o r A n dikh fi d p 5 3 2 F o r t h is a n d a l l o t h e r r e f e r e n c e s t o D S
. . . . ..
I a m in d e b t e d t o m y h u s ba n d
fl
and .
h e f o ll o w in g d a t e s w i ll h e l p o ut B ab u r s b r ie f n a rr a t i v e Ma hmfi d
3 T '
.
wt 7 w as g i v e n A s t a r ab ad in 8 6 4 A H ( 14 5 9 -6 0 AD )
. , it w a s l o s t t o Il u s a in a t . .
w i l ay a t a n d Ma hm fi d w e n t in t o K h u r as an in 8 6 5 A H
'
j a u z - h e w a s r es t o r e d
by h is f a t h e r in 8 6 6 A H o n h is f a t h e r s d e a t h (8 7 3 A 11 -14 6 9 AD ) h e ed t o '
. . .
H a r at t h e n c e t o Sa m a r ka n d a n d f r o m t h e r e w a s t a k e n t o I l i ar a t 1 6
, Cf ’
s . . .
D H e r b élo t s A b fi s a ad H S i 2 0 9 B ro w n e s D S p 5 2 2
’ ’
n - ‘
. . . . . . . .
,
4
P r e s u m a b l y t h e H in d us t an t h e L e s s o f C l a vij o (M a r kh a m p 3 a n d .
p . a pp r o x Q a m b a r a l i s d i s t ri c t s
. Cla vi j o in c l u d e s T irm iz u n d e r t h e
— ‘ ’
. . :
nam e .
Mnshtdq t o o k
th a t ti m e fo rth S l Mahm fi d
1
900 A H .
him
,
-O C T
lyi n g s o u th o f Q u hq a ( Q u hl u gha ) a n d t he Ko ht in R a n ge a s fa r
and
.
. 2N D
fl ed
. 14 9 4
to
TO SE P 215 1 .
Q amb a r -a li in H i s ar F r o m ‘
M i rz a p o s se s se d t he c o u n t r i e s
. 14 9 5 A D . .
a s t h e H in dii - k u s h M o u n t a i n s s u c h a s T irm iz C ha ghan i an , , ,
H i sar Khu t lan Q ii n dii z a n d B a d a kh s h an H e a l so h e l d

’
.
, ,
8 1 Ahm a d M i rz a s l a n ds a ft e r h is b r o th e r s d e a th
’
’
. .
,
f . H is childr en .
H e ha d fi v e l ve n d a ug ht e r s so n s a nd e e .
S l M a s ad M ir z a w a s his e ld e s t s o n
.
‘
his m o th e r w a s Kh an
z ad a B e gi m a d a u gh t e r o f t he G re a t Mir o f T irm iz B ai
,
.
s u n g h a r M i rz a w a s a n o th e r ; his m o th e r w a s P a s h a o r P as h a)
(
B e gi m S I Ali M irz a w a s a n ot h e r ; his m o th e r wa s a n
. .
‘
Aii z b e g a c o n c u b i n e c a l l e d Z u hr a B e gi Ag h a
'
, Sl H u s a i n . .
M i rz a w a s a n o th e r ; his m o th e r w a s Kh an -z ad a B e gim a ,
r d -d a u ht e r O f t h e G r e a t Mi r o f T ir m i h w t t G d ’
g a n
g z ; e e n o o s
m e r c y in his fa th e r s l i fe -t i m e a t t he a ge o f 1 3 SI W a i s ’
, . .
M irz a ( M irz a Kh an ) w a s a n o th e r ; his m o th e r S u lt an -n i g ar ,
Kh an i m wa s a d a u g ht e r o f Yii n a s Kh an a n d w a s a yo u n g e r
( h a l f s i s t e r o f m y m o th e r T he a ffa i r s o f th e s e fo u r M i rz as .
wi l l b e writt e n o f in thi s h i s t o ry u n d e r t he ye a rs o f th e i r
oc c u r r e n c e .
O f 5 1 Ma hm fi d M i rz a s d a u g ht e r s thre e w e re b y t he s a m e
’
.
,
m o th e r a s B ai -s u n g ha r M i r z a O n e o f th e s e B ai -s u n gha r . .
,
M irz a s s e n i o r S l Ma hm fi d M i rz a m a d e t o g o o u t t o M a lik -i
’
,
.
m u ha m m a d M i rz a t he s o n o f his p a t e r n a l u n c l e Min ii c hihr , ,
2
M i rz a .
F iv e o th e r d a u g ht e r s w e r e by Kh z ad a B e gi m t he g r a n d an -
,
d a u g ht e r o f t he G re a t Mir o f T i rm iz T he o ld e s t O f th e s e .
,
1 P e rha p s
Su f i t e rm —10 n in af o r t h e a s e n t f ri e n F o r a rt ic u a rs
,
g g b d . p l
b
a o u t t h i s m an s ee H S ii 2 3 5 a n d B r o w n e s D S 5 33
. . ,
’
. . p . .
e in t h e H a i MS i s o n e o f s e e ra v lb k p g
2 H er
la n s a c e s w a i t in f o r in f o rm a t io n
. . ,
p r es u m a n ot bly k
n o w n t o B a u r w h e n w rit in T h e s a c e w i h a e e e n in b g . p ll v b
t h e a r c h et e o f t h e H a i MS an d i t m a e s f o r t h e O in io n t h a t t h e H a i MS
yp . . k p . .
d
i s a ir e c t c o o f B ab u r s o wn py h i s s a c e is n o t e f t in t h e E lp h MS b u t T p l
’
. . .
t ha t MS is k
n o w n f ro m i t s s c r i e s n o t e (f 19 8 ) ow n t o f 1 9 8 (H a i MS b d
’
. . . . .
f 2 4 3b) t o h a e
. e e n c o ie f ro m v b o t h e r w r it in s an d on p d
s u s e u en t t o
q g ly b
it s f 1 9 8 f r o m B ab u r s o w n
. Cf A S 19 0 6 8 8 an d 190 7
’
14 3 . . JR p . p . .
F A R G H AN A
- f h f b
’
( Kh an z ad a B e g i m ) w a s g iv e n a t e r e r a th e r s d e a t h t o A a 1
, ,
F 0] . bik r (D ng hld t) K ashg ha r i T he s e c o n d w a s B e ga B e gi m W h e n . .
8 1 H u s a i n M i rz a b e s i e ge d H i s ar ( 9 0 1
. he t o o k h e r fo r
H a id a r M i rz a his s o n b y P aya n d a B e gi m S l Ab ii -s a i d M i rz a s
’
‘
.
, ,
d a u g ht e r a n d h a vi n g d o n e s o r o se fro m b e fo re t he pl a c e
,
2
,
.
T he third d a u g ht e r w a s Aq ( F a ir) B e gi m ; t he fo u rth 3—

wa s ,
b e t ro th e d t o ja h an gi r M i rz a (a ct 5 cir ca 8 9 5 A H ) a t t he t i m e .
, .
his fa th e r , U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a s e n t him t o h e lp S l Ma hm fi d ‘

.
M irz a with t he A n dij an a r m y a ga i n s t 8 1 H u s a i n M i rz a th e n , .

,
a tt a c ki n g Q ii n dii z
1
In 9 1 0 A H ( 1 5 0 4 AD ) wh e n Baqi C hag ha n
‘
‘
. . .
idn i w a i t e d o n m e o n t he b a n k o f t he Am ii ( O xu s ) th e s e
5
,
( l a s t -n a m e d t w o
) B e gi m s w e re w ith th e i r m o t h e rs in T i r m iz
a n d j o i n e d m e th e n w ith B aq i s fa m i ly W h e n we r e a c h e d ’
.
K a h m a rd J a h an gi r M i rz a t o o k B e gi m ; o n e l ittl e
,
d a u g ht e r wa s b o r n ; s he n o w is in t he B a d a kh s h an c o u n t r y
6
w ith he r g r a n d m o th e r T he fi fth d a u g ht e r wa s Z a i n a b -s u l tan .
B e gim ; u n d e r m y m o th e r s i n s i s t a n c e I t o o k h e r a t t he t i m e ’
,
o f t he c a ptur e o f K ab u l (9 1 0 A H —
Oc t 1 5 0 4 S he d i d n o t . .
b e c o m e v e ry c o n g e n i a l ; t wo o r th r e e y e a rs la t e r s he l e ft t he ,
w o rl d thro u g h s m a l l -p o x ,
A n o th e r d a u g ht e r wa s Ma khdfi m .
s u lt an B e gi m 8 1 Ali M i rz a s fu l l -s i s t e r ; s he is n o w in t he
‘ ’
.
,
B a d a kh s h an c o u n try T w o o th e rs o f his d a u g ht e r s R aj a b .
,
s ult an a n d M u h i b b -s u lt an w e re b y m i s tr e ss e s (g hii ncha c hi) , .
'
g . H is la dies ( khwat i n ldr ) a n d con cu bin es (sa r ar i) .
hi e f wi fe Kh an -z ad a B e gi m w a s a d a u g ht e r o f t he
H is c , ,
F ol . 2 8. G r e a t Mi r o f T i rm iz ; he ha d g r e a t a ffe c ti o n fo r he r a n d m u s t
h a ve m o u r n e d he r b itt e r ly ; s he w a s t h e m o th e r o f S I Ma s fi d .
‘
M i rz a L a t e r o n he t o o k he r b ro th e r s d a u g ht e r a l s o c a ll e d
.
,
’
Kh an z ada B e gi m a g a d d a u g ht e r o f t he G re a t Mi r o f T ir m iz
- r n -
, .
1 T e T R
h (p 3 30 ) s u pp li es t h is n a m e . . . .
2 C
f f 3 5 b T h is w a s a b e t r o t h a l o n l y t h e m a r ri a g e b e in g m a d e in 9 0 3 A H
. . . , .
Cf H S ii 2 6 0 a n d
. . . H N f 24 b -
G u l b adan s
’
. . . .
,
3 e h r s MS
K pp l
i e s A i ( o o n ) a s h e r n a m e b u t it h a s n o a u t h o rit M y
’
su . .
T h e E lp h MS h as w h a t m a y b e Id n am n o n a m e o n it s m a r in a n d o e r g v
'
. . , ,
' '
t ar i i t i mc h i (4 t h ) it s u s u a s i n o f w h a t is r o e m a t ica . l g p bl l .
4 S
ee H S ii 2 5 0 H e r e P i r -i - u ha m m a
. A i lc hi -b agha w a s
. , ro w n e . M d d d .
Cf f 2 9. . .
5 C h a gh an i an is m a r e in E r s i n e s ( e m s k d k ’
M .
) m ap a s s o m ew h e r e a b out t he
h ea d o f (F r m a p 1 9 0 4 ) t h e a a t e r a t ri
. Il y k W , b u t a ry o f t h e K afi r -n ig h an .
5
i e w h en B a u r w a s w r it in in H in us t an
. . b g d .
F A R G H AN A
wh a t he g o t , he s p e n t li b e ra l ly H e w a xe d e x c e e di n g g re a t .
a ft e r 5 1 M a hm fi d M i rz a s d e a th , in w h o s e s o n s
’ ’
. t i m e his r e
t a in e rs a pp r o a c h e d Alth o u g h h e p r a ye d a n d a b s t a i n e d
fr o m fo rb idd e n b l ac k
a l i m en ts
l d and v ic iou s
, y e t wa s he -s u
o e ,
Fol . 29 .
d u n d e r -h e a d e d a n d s e n s e l e ss d i s l o ya l a n d a t r a it o r t o his sa lt , ,
.
- 1
F o r t he s a k e o f t h i s fl e e ti n g fi v e d a ys w o r ld he b l i n d e d o n e o f , ,
his b e n e fa c t o r s s o n s a n d m u r d e re d a n o t h e r A s i n n e r b e fo re
’
.
G o d r e p ro b a t e t o H is c r e a t u r e s he ha s e a r n e d c ur se a n d
, ,
e x e c r a t i o n t il l t he v e ry v e r g e o f R e s u r r e c ti o n F o r thi s w o r l d s
’
.
s a k e he d id his e v i l d e e d s a n d ye t w it h l a n d s s o b r o a d a n d ,
with s u c h h o s t s o f a r m e d r e t a i n e r s he ha d n o t pl u c k t o ,
s t a n d u p t o a he n k l An a c c o u n t o f h im w il l c o me i n t o th i s
h i s t o ry .
-
P ir i m u ha m m a d A i lchi bi ig ha
'
2
- chin w a s a n o th e r
-
Q ii In .
H a z ar as p i s fi g ht he g o t in o n c h a ll e n g e w i th his fi s t s in S I
’
3
.
A b fi -s a i d M irz a s p r e s e n c e a t t he G a t e o f B a l kh
’
‘
H e wa s a .
b r a v e m a n c o n ti n u o u s l y s e r vi n g t he M irz a ( Ma hm ii d) a n d
,
g uidi n g h im b y hi s c o u n s e l O u t o f riv a l r y t o Kh u s r a u Sh ah .
,
h e m a d e a n i g ht -a tt a c k wh e n t he M irz a w a s b e s i e g i n g Q fi n dii z ,
on S i H u s a i n M i rz a wit h fe w m e n w ith o u t a r m i n g
.
,
4
and ,
w ith o u t pl a n ; he c o u l d do n o th i n g ; w h a t w a s th e r e he c o u l d
do a g a i n s t s u c h a n d s o l a r ge a fo r c e ? H e was pu r s u e d thr e w ,
hi m s e l f i n t o t he r iv e r a n d w a s d r o w n e d .
A yfi b (B eg chik Ma g hiil) w a s a n o th e r
5
H e ha d s e rv e d in S I . .
Ab ii s a i d M irz a s Kh u r a an C a d e t C o r p s a b r a v e m a n B ai
‘ ’
— s
, ,
s u n g ha r M i r z a s g u a r d i a n H e w a s c h o i c e in d re s s a n d fo o d ;
’
.
Ro b c k s
,
1 e u Or i e n t a l P r o v er bs (
’
2 32 ) e a in s t h e fi v e o f t h is p h ra s e
. xp l p
w h e r e s e ve n m i h t b e e g
e ct e s a in xp d by
t h a t o f t h is S e e n a s w o r
, (q y y g v d y ’
ld .
d y
a s of C
r e a t io n ) o n e i s f o r b
i r t h a n o t h e r f o r ea t h a n d t h a t t h u s fi v e o n
, d ,
.
ly
l
a r e eft f o r m a n s r i e f if e
’
b l .
2 g
T h e c o n o m e n A i tc hi t a en w it h t h e ea r er s r ec o r e s t r e n t h o f k b ’
d d g
g
fi s t m a y m e a n S t r o n m a n o f A i lc h i (t h e c a it a o f K h u t a n )
, O n e o f T im ai r s p l .
' ’
c o m m a n er s d b
o re t h e n a m e C f f 2 1 b f o r bag ha as a t hle t e
. . . .
3 H a z ar as i s e e m
p s t o b e M i r P i r a r w e sh H a z ar as i
p i t h h is D
ro t h e r . W b ,
Mir A li h e ha d c h a r e o f B a h S e e R a a z a tu s—saf a E M A dd 2 3 5 0 6 f 2 4 2 b
‘
g lk .
’
. . . , .
B ro w n e s D S 43. 2 I t
. m a p
y .b e r i h
. t t o u n e r s t a n a h a n -t o -h a n fi h g
t d d d d g
b e t w e e n H a z ar aS i a n d A i l c h i -b fi h a
p g T h e a ff a i r w a s in 8 5 7 A H ( 14 5 3 . .
4
y d r aq s i z e r h a s t r u s t in
,
p p
t o fi s t ic u ff s g
e r h a s w it h o u t m a i B ab u r s , p p l .
’
su m m a r y
has co n fu s e t he fa ct s Mu h A ilc h i -b fi gh a w a s s en t
d . 8 1 Ma l m ud . by .
M i r z a f r o m H is ar w it h m e n a n d d id n o t i s s u e O u t o f Q fi n dxfi z ( H S ii . . . ,
d
H is e a t h o c c u rr e n o t e f o r e 8 9 5 A H d b .
n n Mi r A y fi b a n d A u y b
5 Se T R s
e . . . . .
9 00 A H .
—O C T . 2N D . 149 4 T O S E P . 14 9 5 A D .
a j e s t e r a n d t a lk a tiv e n i c k n a m e d I m p u d e n c e p e r h a p s b ec a u se
, ,
F ol 296
t he M i rz a c a ll e d him s o .
. .
W a l i wa s a n o th e r t he yo u n ge r fu l l -b r o th e r o f Kh u s ra u Sh ah
, ,
.
H e k e pt h is r e t a i n e rs w e l l H e i t w as b r o u g ht a b o u t t he .
bl i n d i n g o f S I Ma s fi d M i rz a a n d t he m u rd e r o f B ai -s u n g ha r
.
‘
M i rz a H e ha d a n ill-w o r d fo r e v e ry-o n e a n d w a s a n e vi l
.
t o n g u e d fo u l m o u th e d s e l f pl e a s i n g a n d d u l l witt e d m a n n iki n
-
,
- -
,
.
f -
H e a pp r o v e d o n o o n e b u t hi m s e l f W h e n I w e n t fro m t he .
Q ii n d ii z c o u n tr
y t o near D fi h
s i (9 1 0 A H - 1 5 03 se p a ra t e d .
Kh u s r a u Sh ah fr o m his fo l l o wi n g a n d d i s m i s se d him thi s ,
p ers o n W a l i) ha d c o m e t o An d a r -ab a n d S i r-ab a l s o in ,
fe a r o f t he Aii z b e g s T he Ai m aq s Of th o s e p a r t s b e a t a n d
.
r o bb e d him
1
th e n h a vi n g le t m e k n o w c a m e o n t o K ab u l
, , .
W a l i w e n t t o Sh a ib an i K h an w h o ha d his h e a d s tr u c k O ff in
t he t o w n o f S a m a r k a n d .
2
Sh a ikh Abd u l lah B ar las w a s a n o th e r ; he ha d t o wi fe o n e
- ‘ ’
o f t h e d a u g ht er s O f Sh ah S u l t an M u ha m m a d ( B a da khshi ) i e . .
,
t h e m a t e r n a l a u n t o f Ab l
e
-
bik r M i rz a ( M i r a n -sha hi ) a n d o f S I
' '
Ma h m ii d Kh an H e w o re his t u n i c n a rr o w a n d p a r sha qq ; he
.
3
wa s a ki n dly w e l l -b re d m a n .
Ma hm ii d B a r lds o f t he B a r las e s o f N ii n dak ( B a d a kh s h an )

w a s a n o th e r H e ha d b e e n a b e g a l s o o f S I Ab ii -
. s a i d M i rz a .
‘
a n d h a d s u rr e n d e r e d K a r m an t o him w h e n t h e M i rz a t o o k t he
‘
I r aq c o u n t r i e s W h e n Ab a-bik r M i rz a ( Mi r an -shahi) c a m e
.
F o l 30
. .
a g a i n s t H i sar with M a zi d B e g T a r kh an a n d t he B l a c k S h e e p
T u r k m an s a n d S ] M a hm ad M i rz a w e n t o ff t o his e ld e r b ro th e r
, .
,
5 1 Ahm a d M i rz a in S a m a rk a n d Ma hm fi d B a r las di d n o t
'
.
,
s u r r e n d e r H i sar b ut h e l d o u t m a n fu lly
4
H e wa s a p o e t a n d .
p u t a d i w d n t o g e th e r .
(i H is tor ica l
. n a r r a t iv e r esu med
) .
W h e n 8 1 Ma hm ii d M i rz a di e d Kh u s r a u S h ah k e pt
.
, t he
e v e n t c o n c ea l e d a n d l a id a l o n
g h a n d o n t h e t r e as u r e . But
T h is p a s sa g e is m a d e m o r e c l ea r by f r z o b n d f 1 2 5 b
1
. a . .
2 He
is m t io ed i n A li -s h e r N wa i s M jalis -i -n jd i s
en n
‘
a
’ ’
a a
'
s ee E . M . A dd .
7 8 7 5 f 2 7 8 a n d Ri e
, . T u ki sh C a t a l o g e
u s
’
r u .
3 f l l o f s p lit s o f ll h
u d so m r u an e .
Th is m a y h a v o c c r e d a f t r A b fi -s a id M ir a s d e a t h w h o
4
e u r e
‘
z
’
s e s on Ab a- i b kr
w as Cf f 2 8
. I f s o o v e r -b r e vi t y h a s o b s c r e d t h e s t a t em e
. . .
, u nt.
52 P A R G H AN A
ho w c ou h n e w s b e h idd e n ? I t s pr e a d th r o u g h t he t o w n
ld suc
at once Th a t w a s a fe s t iv e d ay fo r t he S a m a rk a n d fa m i l i e s ;
.
s o ldi e r a n d p e a s a n t th e y u p r o s e in tu m u l t a g a i n s t Khu s ra u
,
Sh ah A h m a d H aj i B e g a n d t he T a r kh an i b e g s p u t t he r i s i n g
.
d o w n a n d t u r n e d Kh u s r a u Sh ah o u t o f t he t o w n with a n e s c o r t
fo r H i s ar .
As 8 1 M a hm ad M i rz a h i m s e l f a ft e r g ivi n g H i s ar t o SI
. .
M a s ii d M i rz a a n d B u kh ar a t o B ai -s u n g h ar M i rz a h a d dis
‘
,
m i s s e d b o th t o th e i r g o v e r n m e n t s n e ith e r w a s p r e s e n t wh e n he ,
di e d T he H i sar a n d S a m a r k a n d b e g s a ft e r t u r n i n g Kh u s r a u
.
,
Sh ah o u t a gre e d t o s e n d fo r B ai -s u n g ha r M i rz a fr o m B u kh ara
, ,
b r o u g ht him t o S a m a r k a n d a n d s e a t e d him o n t he thr o n e .
W h e n he th u s b e c a m e s u p r e m e he w a s 1 8 ( l u n a r )
y e a r s o ld .
At thi s c r i s i s 5 1 Ma h m fi d Kh an ( C ha g ha tai) a c ti n g o n t he
, .
,
F ol 30 6
. .
w o rd o f J u n a i d B a r la s a n d o f s o m e o f t he n o t a bl e s o f
S a m a r k a n d l e d h is a r m y o u t t o n e a r Kan -b ai w ith d e s i r e t o
,
t a k e th a t t o w n B ai -s u n g h a r M i rz a o n his s id e m a r c h e d o u t
.
, ,
in fo r c e Th e y fo u g ht n e a r Kan -b ai H a id a r K akaldash t he
. .
,
m a i n pil l a r o f t he Mu g hfi l a r m y le d t he Mu g hfi l v a n , H e and .
a ll h is m e n d i s m o u n t e d a n d w e r e p o u r i n g in fli g ht s o f a rr o w s
(s h i ba ) wh e n a l a r
g e b o dy o f t h e m a il e d b r a v e s o f H i s ar a n d
S a m a r k a n d m a d e a n i m p e t u o u s c h a rg e a n d s t r a i g htw a y l a i d
t h e m u n d e r th e ir h o r s e s fe e t Th e i r l e a d e r t a k e n t he Mu g hfi l
’
.
,
a r m y wa s p u t t o r o u t w ith o u t m o re fi g hti n g M a s s e s (qd li n ) o f .
Mu ghii ls w e r e w ip e d o u t ; s o m a n y w e re b e h e a d e d in B ai
s u n g ha r M i rz a s p r e s e n c e th a t h is t e n t w a s thr e e ti m e s s h i ft e d
’
b e c a u s e o f t h e n u m b e r o f t he d e a d .
'
At thi s s a m e c r i s i s I b r ah i m S a r i t e n t e r e d t he fo r t o f As fa r a
'
, ,
th e re r e a d B ai -s u n g ha r M i rz a s n a m e in t he K ha i ba a n d t o o k ’
u p a p o s i ti o n o f h o s ti l ity t o m e .
(A u t h o r s n o t e )
’
I b r ah. i m S a r a i s o f t h e M i n l
g gi h p eo p l e ;
1 h e h ad
s e r ve d m
y f a t h e r in v a i o u s w a y s frr o m hi s c hi l d h o o d b u t l a t e r o n h ad
b een d is m is s e d f o r s o m e f a u l t .
F O] .
31 . T he arm y ro de o ut to c ru sh thi s re b e l l i o n in t he m o n th o f
Sh a b an ( Ma y)
’
and by t he e n d o f it ha d d i s m o u n t e d r o u n d
,
1 m i n gl igh a i l d i n d ar , p e rh a p s o f t h o s e w h o s e h e r e d it a ry Co m m a n d w as a
T h o u sa n d
t h e h ea o f a
, d M in g (P e r s H a z ara ) t e o f t h e t e n t h o f a t am an
. , . . .
F A R G H ANA
o pp o rt u n ity Offe re d a m o v e a g a i n s t i t a l s o w a s n o w m a d e
, .
Mir M u gh al s fa th e r Abd u l w a h hab S hag hawa l wa s in it ; he

- ’ 1
,
‘ ’
s ur r e n d e r e d with o ut m a ki n g a n y di ffi c ulty a t o nce o n o u r
a rr iv a l .
J u s t th e n 8 1 Ma hm ii d Kh an w a s in S hahru khiya I t ha s
. .
b e e n s a i d a lr e a dy th a t w h e n S ] Ahm a d M i rz a c a m e i n t o .
A n dij an (8 9 9 h e a l s o c a m e a n d th a t he l a i d S i e g e t o Akh si .
I t o c c u r re d t o m e th a t if s i n c e I w a s s o c l o s e I w e n t a n d ,
w a it e d o n h im he b e i n g a s it w e re m y fa th e r a n d m y e ld e r
, , ,
b ro th e r a n d if b ye -go n e r e se n t m e n t s w e r e l a i d a s id e it w o u l d
, ,
b e g o o d h e a ri n g a n d s e e i n g fo r fa r a n d n e a r S O s ai d I .
,
went .
'
I w a it e d o n T he Kh an in t he ga r d e n H a i d a r K akaldash ha d
m a d e o u t s id e S hahr u khiya H e w a s s e a t e d in a l a rg e f o ur .
d o o r e d t e n t s e t u p in t he m iddl e o f it H a vi n g e n t e re d t he .
t e n t I k n e lt thre e t i m e s he fo r his p a rt ri s i n g t o do m e
2
W
, , ,
3
honou r e l o o k e d o n e a n o th e r in t h e e y e s ;
. a n d he r e
tur n e d t o his s e a t Aft e r I ha d k n e e l e d he c a ll e d m e t o his

.
,
s id e a n d s h e w e d m e m u c h a ffe c ti o n a n d fri e n d l i n e s s T wo .
o r thr e e d a y s l a t e r I s e t o ff fo r Akhsi a n d An dij an by t he ,
Ki n dirlik Pa s s 4
At A khs i I m a d e t he c ir c uit o f m y F a th e r s
’
.
1 Cf . f . T h e H S (11 2 74 )
13 . a c es h is s o n
. . Mi r Mu gh fi l in ch a r e b u t
, pl , , g ,
fl
o t h e r w i s e a r e e s w it h t h e B N . .
2 C
f . a i o Cl v j ar ham , M k
1 32 Sir h a r es p
r a n is o n . e n t t h e kn e e o n . C l G d b
o c ca s io n s b u t i u s t r a t e MS S e g t h e E M T a war i kh-i -gn z i da N a sr a t -n am a
ll d . . . . .
'
sh ow t hat B a u r w o u bn ee own o n ld k
ot h n ees ld
Cf f 1 2 3 b f o r t h e f a t i u e b k . . . g
o f t h e g e n u e c t io n .
3 I v l
h a e t ra n s a t e kar as hab t h u s eca u s e it a d e a rs t o m e t h a t h e r e a n d b pp
in o t h e r pl
a c es s t r e s s i s a i , l d by
B a u r u on t he m u t u a a z e a s a n e is o e o f b p lg p d
a c e r e m o n io u s i n t e r i e w T he er v
ki i r iis hm a k is O f t en r e n e r e
. t hev b '
d d by
P l
er s ia n t r a n s a t o r s a s d a r y af t a n a n d t he L a n d E e m o ir s as t o e m b r a ce by . . M .
I v
h a e n ot fo u n d
in t h e B N w a rr a n t f o r t r a n s a t in i t a s t o e m bra c e
. . l g
q a c h a s h m ca‘
q is B a
'
b u r s w o r f o r t h is (f
’
d
D a r y af t a n t a en a s t o r a s o r . , k g p
s e e w it h t h e m in t o u n er s t a n d ,
we e d
re ss es m u t u a d
a z e a n d it s s e q u e , ll xp lg l
of mutua l u n e r s t a n in d d g
S o m e t im e s o f co u r se kar as h t h e in t e rv i e w o e s
. , , d
n o t im p ly l
kar as h , t h e s i en t o o in in t h e e es w i t h m u t u a u n e r s t a n in l k g y l d d g
i t s im ply m ea n s s e v oye r e g f 1 7 T h e o in t i s t h u s w e t u o n e c a u s e t h e
. . . . p d l p b
b
f r e q u en t m e n t io n o f a n e m r a c e i es a iff e r e n t im r e s s io n o f m a n n e r s f ro m gv d p
t ha t m a e d by v in t e r i e w o r wo r s e r e s s in mut ua az e d xp g lg .
4 daba
T
n d R l
h is w o r
. ec u s (v i 1 7 1 ) q u o t in f ro m F e d s c h e n k o e a in s , g , xp l
as a d fi l ky d fi l
if c u t r o c e e a r t a a in a s a a n e r o u s g a p a t a h i h e e a t io n
,
g , d g g l v
, p
b e l as a n ea s y lo w a ss a n d hfi t a l as a ro a o e n in e t w e e n lo w h i s ,
b d p g b ll .
T he e xpl d
a n a t i o n O f kat a l o es n o t h o oo f o r B ab u r s a i c a t io n o f t h e ld g d ’
pp l
w or d (f 8 1 b
.
) t o t h e S a r a -t a
q .
9 00 A H .
-O C T . 2N D . 149 4 T O S E P . 14 9 5 A D .
55
t om b . I l e ft h o u r o f t he F rid a y P r a ye r
at t he a b o u t m id
da y) a n d r e a c e d Anh di j an by t h e B a n d -i -s al ar R o a d b e tw e e n
,
t h E v i n d B e dti m e Pr a y e r s Thi s ro a d i e t h e B a n d - i
e e n n g a . . .
1
s al ar p e o pl e c a l l a n i n e y ig hach r o a d
,
.
O n e o f t he t r ib e s o f t he wild s o f A n dijan is t he J i gr ak a
2
.
n u m e ro u s p eo pl e o f fi v e o r s ix th o u s a n d h o u s e h o l ds d we l l i n g ,
i n t he m o u n t a i n s b e tw e e n Kas hgh a r a n d F a rg han a Th e y h a v e .
m a n y h o r s e s a n d s h e e p a n d a l s o n u m b e rs o f yak s th e s e
h il l -p e o pl e k e e pi n g yak s i n s t e a d o f c o m m o n c a ttl e As th e i r .
m ou n a t i n s a r e b o r d e r - fa s t n e s s e s th e y h a v e a fa s hi o n o f n o t ,
p a yi n g trib u t e An a r m y w a s n o w s e n t a ga i n s t th e m u n d e r
.
S a yyi d ) Q as i m B e g in o r d e r th a t o u t o f t he trib u t e t a k e n fr o m
(
th e m s o m e thi n g m i g ht re a c h t he s o l di e rs H e t o o k a b o ut .
o f th e i r s h e e p a n d b e tw e e n 1 0 0 0 a n d 1 5 0 0 o f t h e ir
h o r se s a n d s h a re d a ll o u t t o t he m e n .
A ft e r it s r e t u rn fr o m t he J ig r ak t he a r m y s e t o u t fo r Afi ra ,
t i p a F o rm e r ly thi s w a s h e l d by U m a r Sh a ikh M i rz a b u t i t
.
‘
h a d g o n e o u t o f h a n d in t he y e a r o f his d e a th a n d 8 1 Ali
‘
.
M i rz a w a s n o w in it o n b e h a l f o f h is e ld e r b ro th e r B ai ,
s u n g ha r M i rz a W h e n 8 1 Ali M i rz a h e a r d o f o ur c o m i n g he .
‘
,
we n t o ff hi m s e l f t o t he M a c h a hi ll -c o u n t ry l e a vi n g his g u a rdi a n , ,
'
Sh a ikh Zfi n -n fi n A rg hi m b e hi n d
’
F ro m h a l f-way b e tw e e n .
Kh u j a n d a n d Aara t ip a Kh a l i fa w as s e n t a s e n v o y t o S h a i kh
- 3
,
Zii n -n fi n b u t th a t s e n s e l e s s m a n n iki n i n s t e a d o f g ivi n g h im a

’
pl a i n a n s w e r l a i d h a n d s o n h im a n d o r de re d him t o d e a th
, .
F o r Kh a l i fa t o d ie c a n n o t h a v e b e e n t he D ivi n e wil l ; h e
e s c a p e d a n d c a m e t o m e t wo o r th re e d a y s l a t e r s t r ipp e d b a r e ,
'
a n d h a vi n
g s u ffe re d a h u n d r e d tit rn ans o f h a r d s h ip s
a n d fa ti g ue s . W
e w e n t a l m o s t t o Afi ra- ti p a but a s wi n t e r ,
b e i n g n e a r p e o pl e ha d c a rr i e d a wa y th e ir c o r n a n d fo r a ge a ft e r
, ,
a fe w d a ys we tur n e d b a c k fo r A n d ij an Aft e r o u r r e tir e m e n t .

,
T he Kh an s m e n m o v e d o n t he pl a c e wh e n t he Aara-t i p a
’
1
Cf f 4 b an d no t e
. . r o m B ab u r s s ec ia . F
m en t io n o f i t it w o u s eem
’
p l ,
ld
n o t t o b e t h e u su a r o a l d .
2
p l g
T h e s e lin o f t h is n a m e i s u n c e rt a in a r ia n t s a r e m a n o n c e rn in .
’
V y . C g
b
t h e t ri e s e e T R 16 5 n . . p . .
3 N
i z am u
’
- ‘
d
d i n A l i B a r l as s e e G u l -b a d a n s H N s n H e s er e B a u r t i
’
. . . . v d b ll
l
h e a t t er s ea t h
’
d .
56 F A R G H AN A
p e rs o n u n a bl e t o m a k e a s t a n d s u rre n d e r e d a n d c a m e o u t
1
, .
T he Kh an th e n g a v e i t t o M u ha m m a d H u s a i n K ar kan D ag hlat
a n d in his h a n d s it r e m a i n e d ti ll 9 0 8 AH .
1 i . e .
Zfi
’
n-nfi n or p e rh a p s t he ga r ris o n .
2
i . e. d own to Sh a ib an i
’
s d es t ru c t io n of C h a gh a t ai l
ru e in T as h k in t in
1 50 3 AD .
F A RG H AN A
( 2 ) a g a n s M u z a ffa r H u sa i n M i rz a w i th M uha m m a d
i t Khu t lan ,
B a r a n dii q B a r las H e h i m s e l f m o v e d fo r H i sar . .
Wh e n th o s e in H i s ar h e a r d o f his a pp ro a c h th e y t o o k th e i r ,
p r e c a u ti o n s ; S l M a s ad M i rz a did n o t j ud g e i t w e l l t o s t a y in
.
‘
1
t he fo rt b u t w e n t o ff u p t he Kam R ii d v a l l e y a n d b y w a y o f
S a ra -t aq t o his yo u n g e r b ro th e r B ai -s u n gha r M i rz a in S a m a r ,
k a n d W a l i fo r his p a rt d r e w o ff t o (his o wn d i s t r i c t ) Kh u t lan

.
, .
B aqi C hag han ia n i M a hm ad B a r las a n d Q ii c h B e g s fa th e r S l

' ’
’
, , .
Ahm a d s tr e n g th e n e d t he fo rt o f H i s ar H a m z a S l a n d M a hd i . .
S l (A iZ z be ) w h o s o m e r r l i e r h a d l e ft Sh a i ban i Kh an fo r
.
g y e a s e a
( t h e l a t e ) S l M ah ii d M i rz a s s e rvi c e n o w in th i s d i s p e r s i o n
m .
’
, , ,
d re w o ff with a ll th e i r Aii z b e g s fo r Q a r a-t igi n W ith th e m , .
'
w e n t Muha m m a d D ag hla t a n d 8 1 H u s a i n D iZg hlat a n d a ll t he

2
’
Mu ghfi ls l o c a t e d in t he H i s ar c o u n t ry .
U p o n thi s S l H u s a i n M i rz a s e n t Ab fi l-m u hs i n M i rz a a ft e r
.
’
S l Ma s fi d M i rz a up t he Kam R ad v a l l e y Th ey w e r e n o t
‘
. .
s tr o n g e n o u g h fo r s u c h w o r k wh e n th e y r e a c h e d t he de fi le
3
“
.
-
Th e r e M i rz a B e g F ir ing i bd z g o t in his s w o r d In pur s uit o f .
a l r -
H za S i n t o Q a a t igi n S l H u s a i n M i rz a s e n t I b rah i m
m .
, .
T a rkh an a n d Y a q fi b -i-a yii b Th e y o v e r t o o k t he s u l tan s a n d‘

.
fo u g ht T he M i rz a s d e t a c h m e n t w a s d e fe a t e d ; m o s t o f his
’
.
b e g s w e r e u n h o r s e d b u t a ll w e r e a ll o w e d t o g o free .
'
( I) B aba r s r ecep tion of the A i t z beg su ltans )

’
. .
A s a r e s u l t o f thi s e x o du s H a m z a S l w ith his s o n M a m aq ,

.
,
S l a n d M a hd i S I a n d M u ha m m a d D ag /i la t l a t e r k n o w n a s
'
.
, ,
.
H isar i a n d h is b r o th e r S l H u s a i n D ag hlat with t he Aii z b e gs ,

.
d e p e n d e n t o n t he s u l t an s a n d t he Mu g hfi ls w ho ha d b e e n
l o c a t e d in H i s ar a s ( t he l a t e ) S l Mahm fi d M i rz a s re t a i n e rs .
’
,
c a m e a ft e r l e tt i n g m e k n o w ( th e i r i n t e n ti o n ) a n d w a it e d u p o n
, ,
m e in R a m z an ( Ma y -ju n e) a t A n d ij an A c c o rd i n g t o t he .
1 H S . . W az r ~
ab v a ll e y
T h e u s u a r o u t e is u p t h e K am R ii d a n d o e r t h e
. l v
M p
ar a a s s t o Sa r a -t aq Cf f 8 1 b . . . .
2
i e t h e H is ar i m en t io n e
. . a f ew i n es o w e r a n d o n f 9 9b o t hin d on l l . . N g
f 99b e
. xpl
a in s h i s c o n o m e n g .
3
T h e r o a i s iff i c u t d
Cf 1 8 1 b d l . . . .
4 K w an d -
h a m i r a s o s in es o u t one m a n f o r l r a i e
s , S l Mgl
a h m fi d M i r -i p .
akhwu r t h e tw o n a m es ro a r e r es e n t o n e e rs o n p b bly
T h e s o ri q u e t m a y p p . b
r ef er t o s i k ll
w it h a m a t c h o c , t o t o -s in n in (fi rn a g i ) l k
-baz o r t o s o m e o s t
p p g l
jo ke .
(H . S ii
.
,
9 01 A H .
— SE P . 14 9 5 T O S E P 9 T H . . 149 6 A D .
59
l t an s o n s u c h o c c a s i o n s I ha d s e a t e d
'
c us om t of T i m ii riya su ,
m ys e l f o n a r a i s e d s e a t ( tashah) ; wh e n H a m z a S I a n d M a m aq .
S I a n d M a hd i S l e n t e r e d I r o s e a n d w e n t d o w n t o do th e m
. .
,
h o n o u r ; w e l o o k e d o n e a n o th e r in t he e ye s a n d I pl a c e d th e m
n u m be r o f M u ghii ls a l s o c a m e
1
o n m y r i g ht ba hi sh da A
g , . ,
u n d e r M u h a m m a d H isar i a ll e l e c t e d fo r m y s e rvi c e .
( 0
. S l H usa in
. Mtrz a s aff a irs resu med)
’
.
Sl H u s a i n M irz a o n r e a c hi n g H i s ar ; se ttl e d do w n a t o n c e t o
.
,
b e s i e g e it T h e re wa s n o re s t day n o r n i g ht fro m t he l a b o u r s
.
, ,
o f m i n i n g a n d a tt a c k o f w o rki n g c a t a p u lt s a n d m o r t a rs, M i n es .
w e r e r u n in fo ur o r fi v e pl a c e s W h e n o n e h a d g o n e w e l l
fl
.
,
f o r w a r d t o w a rd s t he G a t e t he t o w n s m e n c o u n t e r m i n i n g s tru c k , , ,
it a n d fo rc e d s m o k e d o w n o n t he M i rz a s m e n ; th e y in t u r n ’
, ,
c l o s e d t he h o l e th u s s e n t t h e s m o k e s t r a i g ht b a c k a n d m a d e t he
,
t o w n s m e n e e a s fro m t he v e ry m a w o f d e a th I n t he e n d t he .
,
t o w n s m e n d r o v e t he b e s i e g e r s o u t by p o u r i n g ja r a ft e r ja r O f
w a t e r in o n th e m A n o th e r da y a p a r ty d a s h e d o u t fro m t he
.
,
t o w n a n d dro v e o ff t he M i rz a s m e n fr o m th e ir o w n m i n e s
’ ’
m o u th O n c e t he di sc h a rg e s fro m c a t a p u lt s a n d m o r t a r s in t he
.
M ir z a s q u a r t e r s o n t he n o r th c r ac k e d a t o w e r o f t he fo r t ; it
’
fe l l a t t he B e d-ti m e P r aye r ; s o m e o f t he M i rz a s br a v e s b e g ge d
’
t o a s s a u lt a t o n c e b u t he r e fu s e d s a yi n g “ It is n i g ht B e fo r e .
”
, ,
t he s h o o t o f t he n e xt d a y s d a w n t he b e s i e g e d h a d r e b u i l t t he
’
w h o l e to we r Th a t da y t o o th e r e wa s n o a s s a u l t ; in fa c t fo r
.
,
t he t w o t o t wo a n d a h a l f m o n th s o f t he s i e g e n o a tt a c k w a s ,
m a d e e xc e pt b y k e e pi n g u p t he b l o c k a d e by m i n i n g r e a r i n g 2
, ,
- 3
h e a d s t r ik e s a n d di s c h a rg i n g s t o n e s .
,
1
This p r egn a n t ph ra s e ha s b e e n f o u n d d i ffi c u lt I t m a y e xp r es s t h a t .
fl
B ab u r a s s ig n e d t h e s l t an s pl a c es in t h e i r d u e p r e c e d en c e ; t ha t h e s ea t e d
u
t h e m in a r o w a n d t h a t t h e y s a t c ro s s -l e g g e d a s m en o f ran k a n d w e r e n o t , ,
m a d e a s in t erio r s t o k n e e l a n d s i t b a c k o n t h e ir h e e l s
, , O t o f t hi s la s t . u
m ea n in g I in f er c o m e s t h e o n e g i v e n by d i c t io a ri e s
, t o s it a t ea s e s in c e n , ,
”
t h e c r o ss -l e gg e d p o s t u r e is l e s s i r k s o m e t h a t h e g e n u e c t io n n o t t o s p ea k o f n ,
t h e ea s e o f m in d p r o d c e d by h o n o u r r e c e i v e d
u Cf f 1 8 b a d n o t e o n A hm a d s . . . n
’
p o s t u r e R e d ho u s e s n n baghi s h a n d baghda h a n d E M Ta w a ikh -i -g u l id a

. . s . . r
n a r a t -n am a
s in t h e i ll u s t ra t io n s o f w hi c h t h e c h i e f p e r s o n a g e o nl y s it s
, , ,
c r o s s -l e g g e d .
2
s iya t
'
M y t r a n s l a t io n i s c o n j e c t u ra l o l y
sa . n .
3
s a r -kob T h e o l d E n gli s h n o n t i ke
. a n i n s t r u m en t f o r s c r a p in g o ff
u s r ,
w h a t a pp e a r s a b o v e t h e t o xp p r p o s e o f t h e w a ll -h i gh e r e c t io n s
”
p e r ss e s t h e , e u
o f woo d o r ea rt h L a
( gge r ) ra is e d t o r ea c h w h a t s h e w ed a b o ve r a m p a r t s
. Cf . .
W e b st er .
F A R G H AN A
W h e n B a d i u z -z a m an M i rz a a n d wh a t e v e r (u i ki ln ) tr o o p s
h a d b ee n s e n t w ith him a g a i n s t Kh u s r a u Sh ah di s m o u n t e d ,
'
(3 h h ) b l o w Q ii n dfi z Kh u s r a u S h ah
1
’
som e 1 6 m t o 4 y g i a c
. e ,
a rr a ye d wh a t e v e r m e n (u i him ) he ha d m a r c h e d o u t h a lt e d o n e , ,
n i g ht o n t h e w a y fo r m e d u p t o fi g h t a n d c a m e d o w n u p o n t h e
,
M irz a a n d his m e n T he Khu r as an i s m ay n o t h a v e b e e n twic e

.
a s m a n y a s his m e n b u t w h a t q u es ti o n is th e re th e y w e r e h a l f
F o l 35. . a s m a n y m o re ? N o n e t he l e s s di d s u c h M i rz as a n d s u c h
C o m m a n d e r -b e g s e l e c t fo r p r u d e n c e a n d r e m a i n in th e i r e m
t re n c h m e n t s ! G o o d a n d b a d s m a l l a n d g re a t Kh u s ra u Sh ah s , ,
’
fo r c e m a y h a ve b ee n o f 4 o r m en !
T h i s w a s t he o n e e xpl o it o f his l i fe — o f thi s m a n w h o fo r t he ,
s a k e o f thi s fl e e t i n g a n d u n s t a b l e w o r l d a n d fo r t he s a k e o f
s hi fti n g a n d fa ithl e ss fo ll o w er s c h o s e s u c h e vi l a n d s u c h i l l ,
r e p u t e p ra c ti s e d s u c h ty r a n n y a n d i nj u s ti c e s e iz e d s u c h wid e
, ,
l a n d s k e pt s u c h h o s t s o f r e t a i n e r s a n d fo l l o w e r s — l a tt e rly he le d
, ,
o u t b e tw e e n 2 0 a n d a n d his c o u n t r i e s a n d h is di s t r i c t s
2
(p g x d d th f hi l r d th t l r ’
a r a n at ) e c e e e o s e o s o w n r u e a n a ru e s s o n s ,
-fo r a n e xpl oit s u c h a s thi s his n a m e a n d t he n a m e s o f his
a dh e r e n t s w e re n o i s e d a b r o a d fo r g e n e r a l s hip a n d fo r thi s th e y
w e re c o u n t e d b ra v e wh il e th o s e ti m o r o u s l a gga rd s in t h e
, ,
t ren c h e s w o n t he r e s o u n d i n g fa m e o f c o w a r d s
, .
B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a m a r c h e d o u t fr o m th a t c a m p a n d a ft e r
‘ ’
a fe w s t a g e s re a c h e d t he Alg hii M o u n t a i n o f T al iq an
3
a n d th e r e
m a d e h a lt Kh u s ra u Sh ah in Qfi n dfi z s e n t his b r o th e r W a l i
.
, , , ,
wi th s e rvi c e a b l e m e n t o Is hki m i s h F u l fi l a n d t he hil l -s ki r t s

, ,
th e r e a b o u t s t o a n n o y a n d h a r a s s t he M i rz a fr o m o u t s id e a l so .
M u hibb -a li t he a r m o u re r (gar chi) fo r h is p a r t c a m e d o w n

‘
, , ,
F ol 3 5 b f f h h
( m W l K h l ) h b k K l W t m
’
. .
r o a i s u t a n t o t e a n o t e u t a n a e r et ,
in w ith s o m e o f t he M i rz a s m e n th e r e u n h o r s e d s o m e c u t o ff
’
, ,
a fe w h e a d s a n d g o t a w a y In e m u l a ti o n o f thi s S a yyidi m .
,
A1i t h e d o o r -
4
k e e p e r a n d his yo u n ge r b ro th e r Q u l i B e g a n d
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1 Pr es u m a b l y lo w er d ow n t he Qfi n d fi z Wa t e r .
W
mi x p ad s hahi u m i rz d l d r i di n a r t i b .
3 s ic l a i MS
. I E lp h MS . n ea r a i q an ; s o m e
. .
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b
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G a r d en G u l - a d a n m en t io n s a
. a i q an a r d en T l
P e rha p s t h e ir z a w e n t G . M
s o f a r ea s t e ca u s e Z-fi n b
-n an e in g w it h h im
,
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b
h e h a d Q a n d a h ar in m in d ,
.
Cf f 4 2 b
. . .
4 i e .Sa yyid. u ha m m a d
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Al i M
S ee f 1 5 n t o Sh e r im Khw a a ha n a
. . . . j C g l
li e s 14 m b e o w .aliq an o n t h e l T
a iq an a t er (E r s kin e ) T l W . .
F A R G H AN A
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Abd u
’
l -lah B a r las i n ti m a t e with t he
1
whose so n s w e re so
M i rz a th a t i t m a d e a r e l a ti o n a s o f L o v e r a n d B e l o v e d Th e s e .
t hi n g s di s pl e a s e d t he T a r khan s a n d t he S a m a r ka n di b e g s ;
D a r w e s h M u ha m m a d T a r k h an w e n t fr o m B u kh ara t o Q a rs h i ,
b ro u g ht S l Ali M i rz a t o S a m a r k a n d a n d r a i s e d h im t o b e
.
‘
s u p re m e P e o pl e th e n w e n t t o t he N e w G a r d e n wh e r e B ai
.
F ol .
s u n g h a r M i rz a w a s t r e a t e d him l ik e a p r i s o n e r p a r t e d him
, ,
fr o m his fo l l o wi n g a n d t o o k h im t o t he c it a d e l Th e r e th e y .
s e a t e d b o th m i rz as in o n e pl a c e thi n ki n g t o s e n d B ai - s u n gh a r ,
M i rz a t o t he G fi k S a r ai c l o s e t o t he O th e r Pr aye r T he M i rz a .
,
h o w e v e r o n pl ea o f n e c e s s ity w e n t i n t o o n e o f t h e p a l a c e
, ,
b u i ld i n g s o n t he e a s t s id e o f t he B ii -s t an S ar ai T a r khan i s
W
.
s t o o d o u t s i d e t he d o o r a n d ith him w e n t in M u ha m m a d Q u l i
Q iichi n a n d H s a a n t h -
e s h e rb e t s erve r T, o b e bri e f -A g a t e w ay .
,
l e a di n g o u t t o t he b a c k m u s t h a v e b e e n b ri c k e d u p fo r th ey ,
br o k e d o w n t he o b s t a c l e a t o n c e T he M i rz a g o t o u t o f t he .
c it a d e l o n h a f h u -
t e K s i r s id e th r o g h t he w a t e r c o d it ( n u a b -m ar t)
, ,
d ro pp e d h i m s e l f fr o m t he r a m p a r t o f t he w a t e r -w a y (diZ-ta hi ) ,
a n d w e n t t o Khw aj a k i Khw aj a s
2
h o u se in Khw aj a K a fs hi r ’
.
W h e n t he T a r kh an is in w a iti n g a t t he d o o r t o o k t he p r e c a u
, ,
t i o n o f l o o ki n g in th e y fo u n d him g o n e N e xt da y t he T a r
, .
khan i s w e n t in a l a r ge b o dy t o Kh w aj a k i Khw aj a s g a t e b u t t he
’
Khw aj a s a id N o a n d d i d n o t g iv e him u p
, E v e n th e y c o u l d .
n o t t a k e him by f o r c e t he Khw aj a s d i g n ity w a s t o o g r e a t fo r

’
th e m t o b e a bl e t o u s e fo r c e A fe w d a ys l a t e r Khw aj a Ab u l .
,
’
a n d A h m a d H aj i B e g a n d o th e r b e g s
4
m a kara m g r e a t a n d ,
F ol 37 . . sm al l a n d s o l di e r s a n d t o w n s m e n r o s e in a m a s s
, fe t c h e d ,
t h e M i rz a a w a y f r o m t he Khw aj a s h o u s e a n d b e s i e g e d
’
Sl A li M irz a a n d t he T a r khan s in t he c it a d e l Th ey
‘
. .
c o u l d n o t h o l d o u t fo r e v e n a da y ; Mu h M a z i d T a r kh an .
w e n t O ff th r o u g h t he G a t e o f t he F o u r R o a d s fo r B u kh ara ;
1
b d
A s t h e h u s a n o f o n e o f t h e s ix B a a h sh i B eg im s h e w a s c o s e con d k , l ly
n e c t e d w it h o c a ru in l l
h o u s es l g
S ee T R 10 7 . . p . . .
2 i e . . M
u ha m m a d
U b a id u l -l ah t h e e e r o f A h r ar i s t w o s o n s
‘ ’
9 11 AH ld ’
. d .
- -
S ee R a s ha h at i a i n -a lha y at
‘
6 3 3 ) f 2 6 9 -7 5
'
a n d K h iz i n a t u l -a g ya
fi i t h .
’
l
ed i 59 7
.
, .
3 B i?
yag t ilr i e h is i s n o t t o b e
, . . T .
4 d 9 0 8 AH
. H e w a s n o t it w o u
. s e em o f t h e A hr ar i f a m i
, ld
H is o w n ,
‘
ly .
ha d p vd d P
ro i e o n t iff s (Sh a i kha l -i s l am ) f o r Sa m a r a n
’
t h ro u h 4 0 0
‘
ea r s k d g y
Cf S ha i ban i -n am a Va m b ér y
. 10 6
, , p
a so f o r h is c h a r a c t e r 96
. l , , p . .
A H .— SE P 2I ST 14 9 5 T O O C T QI H 149 6 A D
’ ‘
9 01 . . . .
.
Sl .
‘
Ali M i rz a an d D a rw e s h Mu h . T a rkh an w e re m ade
p r i so n e r .
B ai M i rz a w a s in Ah m a d H aj i B e g s h o u s e w h e n
- un
s g h ar
p e o pl e b ro u g ht D a r w e s h M u h a m m a d T a r kh an in H e p u t him .
a fe w q u e s ti o n s b u t g o t n o g o o d a n s w e r In tr u th D a rwe s h .
M u ha m m a d s w a s a d e e d fo r wh i c h g o o d a n s w e r c o u l d n o t b e
’
m a de H e w a s o r d e re d t o d e a th
.
I n his h e lpl e s s n e s s he c l u n g .
t o a pil l a r o f t h e h o u s e ; w o u l d th e y le t him g o b e c a u s e he
1
c l u n g t o a pi ll a r ? Th e y m a d e him r e a c h his d o o m (siyasa t)

a n d o r d e re d Sl Ali M irz a t o t he G ii k S a r ai th e r e t o h a v e t he
.
‘
fi re —p e n c i l d ra wn a c r o s s h is e y e s .
(A u t ho r s n o t e ) T h e G fi k S a r ai i s o n e o f T i m ii r B e
’
.
s reat ui i n s g g ’
b ld g
in t h e c it a e o f Sa m a r an d l k d
I t h as t hi s s in u a r a n d s e c ia c h a r a c
. g l p l
t e r s t ic if a T i m fi r id i s t o b e s ea t e
,
o n t h e t h ro n e h e re h e t a es h i s d , k
s eat if o n e o s e hi s h e a l
c o v e t in d , g
t h e t h r o n e h e r e h e o s e s i t t h e r e fo r e , l
t h e n a m e G fi k Sa r ai h as a m e t a p h o r ic a s e n s e (kin ay a t ) a n d t o s a y o f l
an y ru er s s o n l T y
h e h a e t a e n hi m t o t h e G ak Sa r ai
’
,
v k
m e an s t o , ,
d ea t h 2 .
T o t he G ii k S a rai a c c o rd i n gly S l Ali M irz a w a s t a k e n b u t .

‘
h
w en t e h fi r e -p e n c il w a s dra w n a c r o s s his e ye s w h e th e r b y t he ,
F o l 3 7b
s u r g e o n s c h o i c e o r b y his i n a dv e r t e n c e n o ha r m w a s don e
’ . .
.
,
Thi s t he M irz a did n o t r e v e a l a t o n c e b u t w e n t t o Kh w aj a

Y a hya s h o u s e a n d a fe w d a ys l a t e r t o t he T a r khan s in
’
,
B u k hara .
Thr o u gh th e s e o c c u r re n c e s t he s o n s o f his H i g h n e s s Kh w aj a ,
U b a idu l-lah b e c a m e s e tt le d p a r ti s a n s t he e l d e r ( M u ha m m a d
‘ ’
,
U b a idu l- lah Kh w aj a k i Kh w aj a ) b e c o m i n g t he s pi r it u a l g u id e
‘ ’
,
o f t he e ld e r pri n c e t he y o u n g e r ( Y a h ya ) o f t he yo u n g e r , In a .
fe w d ays Kh w aj a Y a h ya fo ll o w e d S l A li M i rz a t o B u kh ar a
, .
‘
.
B ai -s u n g ha r Mirz a le d o u t his a r m y a g a i n s t B u kh ar a On .
his a pp r o a c h S l Ali M i rz a c a m e o u t o f t he t o w n a r r aye d fo r

, .
‘
,
b a ttl e Th e re wa s l ittl e fi g hti n g ; Vi c t o ry b e i n g o n t he s id e o f

.
Sl Ali M irz a B ai -s u n g ha r M i rz a s u s t a i n e d d e fe a t Ahm a d

‘
.
, .
H aj i B e g a n d a n u m b e r o f g o o d s o ldi e rs w e re t a k e n ; m o s t o f
t he m e n we r e p u t t o d e a th Ahm a d H aj i B e g hi m s e l f t he s l a v e s .
a n d s l ave - w o m e n o f D a r w e s h M u ha m m a d T a r kh an i s su i n g o u t ,
1
i h e c l a i m ed s a n c t u a r y
. e .
.
2
Cf 1 4 5 b a d P ét is d e la C r o i x s H i t o i e de C h i g i z K han pp 1 7 1 a n d 2 2 7
. . n
’
s r n . .
Wh a t T im fi r s w o r k o n t h e G fi k Sa r ai w a s is a q u es t io n f o r a r c h aeo lo gist s
’
.
F A R G H AN A
of B u kh ara put , to a d i s h o n o u ra b l e d ea th on t he c h a rg e o f th e i r
m a st e r s b l o o d
’
.
(
e . B abu r m oves a
g a ins t S a ma r ka n d) .
Th e se n e w s r e a c h e d u s in An dij an in t he m o n th o f S h a wwal
( m id -
J u n e t o m id J u ly) a n d a s we (a ct 1 4 ) c o v e t e d S a m a rk a n d
- .
,
we go t o u r m e n t o h o rs e M o v e d by a l ik e d e s i r e S l M a s ad .
, .
’
M i rz a his m i n d a n d Kh u s r a u S h ah s m i n d s e t a t e a s e by S l
,
’
.
H u s a i n M i rz a s re t i r e m e n t c a m e o v e r b y wa y o f Sh a h r -i-s a bz
’
F o l 38 . .
, .
T o r e i n fo r c e him Khu s r a u Sh ah l a id h a n d s (qap a ) o n h i s

W
,
.
yo u n ge r b r o th e r W a l i e ( thr e e m i rz as ) b e l e a g u e re d t he
, .
t o w n fr o m thr e e s id e s d u r i n g thr e e o r fo ur m o n th s ; th e n
Khw aja Ya hya c a m e t o m e f ro m S l A li M irz a t o m e di a t e a n ‘
W
.
a g re e m e n t ith a c o m m o n a im T he m a tt e r wa s l e ft a t a n .
i n t e r vi e w a rra n g e d (har d shin a k) I m o v e d m y fo r c e fr o m S o g hd

t o s o m e 8 m b e l o w t he t o w n ; S l Ali M i rz a fr o m his s id e
‘
. .
,
b ro u g ht his o w n ; fro m o n e b a n k he fro m t he o th e r I c ro s s e d , , ,
t o t he m iddl e o f t he K o hik w a t e r e a c h with fo u r o r fi v e m e n ;

2
,
w e j u s t s a w o n e a n o th e r (kilr d shd b) a s k e d e ac h t he o th e r s
’
w e l fa r e a n d w e n t he his w a y I m i n e , ,
.
I th e r e s a w in Khw aj a Ya hya s s e r vi c e M u l l a B in a i a n d
,
’
,
’
M u ha m m a d Sal i h ; t he l a tt e r I s a w thi s o n c e t he fo r m e r w a s
3
,
l o n g in m y s e rvi c e l a t e r o n Aft e r t h e i n t e r vi e w (harashkan ) .
with S I A li Mi rz a a s wi n t e r w a s n e a r a n d a s th e r e w a s n o
.
‘
,
g r e a t s c a r c ity a m o n st
g t he S a m a r ka n di s w e r e ti r e d h e t o , ,
B u kh ar a I t o A n dij an ,
.
S l M a s h d M i rz a ha d a p e n c h a n t fo r a d a u g ht e r o f Sh a ik h
‘
.
Ab d u l -lah B a r las s he i n d e e d w a s his o bj e c t in c o m i n g t o

‘ ’
,
S a m a r k a n d H e t o o k h e r l a id w o r l d -g r ippi n g a m b it i o n a s i d e
.
,
Fol 8b a n d w e n t b a c k t o H i s ar
7
W
. .
.
h e n I wa s n e a r Sh i raz a n d Kan -b ai M a hd i S l d e s e r t e d t o ,
.
S a m a r k a n d ; H a m z a S l w e n t a l so fr o m n e a r Z a m i n b u t wi t h .
l e a ve gra n t e d .
1
. . v
i e o e r t h e A it m a k Pass . Cf f 4 9 . . .
2 Ha i MS ar al ighi gha
. . . E lp h MS ar al is a n
. . , l d .
3 S ee 1 l 7 g b f o r B i n a i
.
’
. M u ha m m a sa i h d
i rz a K hwar iz m i is t h e l M a u t ho r
of t h e S ha i ban i -n am a .
F A R G H AN A
At t he ti m e wh e n (l a s t ye a r ) S l Ali M i rz a a n d I ha d o u r .
‘
1
i n t e rvi e w i t ha d b e e n s e ttl e d t h a t th i s s u m m e r he s h o u l d
,
c o m e f r o m B u kh ar a a n d I fr o m A n dij an t o b e l e a g u e r S a m a r
k a n d T o k e e p th i s t rys t I r o d e o u t in R a m z an ( Ma y) fr o m
.
,
An dij an H e a ri n g wh e n c l o s e t o Yar Yi laq th a t t he (t w o )

.
,
M i rz as w e r e l yi n g fro n t t o fro n t w e s e n t T fi lfi n Khw aj a ,
Maghal a h ea d with 2 o r 3 0 0 s c o u ti n g b r a v e s (qaz aq y iki tlar )

2
,
’
n a -
T h e ir a ppro a c h g ivi g B i s u n gha r M ir z a n e ws o f o u r a dv a n c e ,
he a t o n c e b ro k e up a n d r e ti re d in c o n fu s i o n Th a t s a m e .
n i g ht o u r d e t a c h m e n t o v e rt o o k his r e a r s h o t a m a s s (qal i n ) o f ,
his m e n a n d b r o u g h t in m as s e s o f s p o il .
TW O d a y s l a t e r w e r e a c h e d Sh i r az I t b e l o n ge d t o Q as i m .
B e g D illdai ; his dar og ha ( S u b -go v e r n o r) c o ul d n o t h o l d i t a n d

3
I t w a s g iv e n i n t o I br ah i m S ar a s c h a r g e Aft e r
’
s ur re n d e re d . .
m a k i n g th e r e n e xt day t he P r a y e r o f t he B r e a ki n g o f t he
, ,
F st (
a I d u l -
fi tr)
‘
w e m o v e d fo r S a m a rk a n d a n d di s m o u n t e d
’
,
in t he r e s e rv e (qiir iig h) o f Ab -i- y a r ( W a t e r o f M i ht

g ) Th a t .
da y w a it e d o n m e w ith 3 o r 4 0 0 m e n -
Q as i m B azaar , ,
'
W a i s L agha r i M uha m m a d S igha l s g r a n d so n H a s a n a n d S I 4 ’
W
, , , .
M u ha m m a d W a i s ha t t hey s a id wa s th i s : B ai -s u n gha r ‘
. ,
M irz a c a m e o u t a n d ha s g o n e b ac k ; w e h a v e le ft him th e r e
fo r e a n d a re h e r e fo r t he p adsha h s s e rvi c e b u t i t w a s k n o w n
' ’ ’
,
l a t e r th a t th e y m u s t h a v e l e ft t h e M ir z a a t his re qu e s t t o
d e fe n d Sh ir az a n d th a t t he S h i raz a ffa i r h a vi n g b e c o m e w h a t
,
it w a s th e y ha d n o thi n g fo r it b u t t o c o m e t o u s
, .
W h e n w e di s m o u n t e d a t Q a r a-b ii laq th e y b ro u g ht in s e v e ra l ,
M u g h al s a rre s t e d b e c a u s e o f s e n s e l e s s c o n d u c t t o h u mb l e
5
v il la g e e ld e r s c o m i n g in t o u s Q as i m B e g Qilchin fo r di s c ipl i n e s ’
.
1 i e wit h
. K hw aj a Ya h ya p r es u m a b l y S ee f 38
. . . .
2
T hi s m a n is m en t io n e d a lso i n t h e T a war i kh-i -gu z i da N a sra tn am a E M . .
Or 32 2 2 f
. . 1z 4b .
3
la s t d a y o f Ra a
on t he ( J u n e 2 8 t h . 14 97
4
M u ha m m a d S igha l a pp ea rs t o m a r k ed m a n q ha v e b e a
u o t e f ro m
e n . I
t he (s ee s u p )
r a f 1 2 3 b f o o t t h e i n f o r m a t i
,o n.t h a t h e w a s t h e g
, r a n d so n
of Y a
q fi b B e g
‘
Z e n k e r e xp a i n s S
. i g ha l i a s t h e n a m e l
o f a C ha g h a t ai f a m i y l .
A n A yab -i -Y a qii b B egchi k Mu ght t l m a y b e a n u n c e Se e f 4 3 f o r an o t h e r l

‘ ’
. .
g ra n d s o n .
5 -
ba g i ki r kan ki n t -kis akka bas h-s i z -qi lghan
’ '
u ghall ar n i t fi l fi b ta e t he M . I k
d
wo r hi s ak in t hi s hi h g ly d
i io m a t ic s e n t en c e t o b e a im in u t i e o f hi s , o ld d v
p e r so n o n t h e a n a lo gy o f m i r m i rak m a d
, , ,
r , m a r da k [T h e H S u se s K is ak
. . .
(ii 2 6 1 ) a s a p r o p er n o u n ) T h e a llit e ra t io n
, . in kaf a n d t h e m ig h t y a d e c t i v e j
h e r e a r e n o t ic ea b l e .
9 02 A H .
— SE P . 9TH . 14 9 6 T O A U G . SOT H . 149 7 A D .
k
s a e (siy as h d w th f th m t t pi I t w s
a t) a t o o r re e o e c u o e c e s a .
on thi s ac c ou n t h e l e f t m e a n d w e n t t o H i s a r fo u r o r fi v e y e a r s
l a t er in t h e g u e r i ll a t i m e s ( 9 0 7 A H ) wh e n I wa s go i n g fro m
, ,
.
1
t he M a c h a c o u n t ry t o T he Kh an .
M a r c hi n g fr o m Q a r a-b il l aq w e c r o s se d t he r iv e r (i e t he ,
. .
Za r -a fs h an ) a n d di s m o u n t e d n e a r Yam
2
O n th a t s a m e da y . ,
-s u n g ha r M i r z a s a t t h e h e a d o f
’
o u r m e n go t t o g rip s with B ai
t he Av e n u e S l Ahm a d T a mba l w a s s t r u c k in t he n e c k b y
. .
Khw aj a k i M u ll a i a d Khw j i
- - -
a s p e a r b u t n o t u n h o rs e d s r . a a ,
3
k a l an s e ld e s t b ro th e r w a s pi e r c e d in t he n a p e o f t he n e c k by
’
,
a n a r r o w a n d w e n t s t ra i g htw a y t o G o d s m e rc y An e x c e ll e n t
’
.
so l d ier m y fa th e r b e fo r e m e h a d fa v o u r e d him m a ki n g him

, ,
K e e p e r o f t he S e a l ; he w a s a s t u d e n t O f th e o l o gy ha d gr e a t ,
a c q u a i n t a n c e with w o r d s a n d a g o o d s t y l e m o r e o v e r he u n d e r
s t o o k h a wki n g a n d ra i n - m a h
ki g with t j a d e s t o n e
n e - .
W hi le we w e re a t Y arn p e o pl e d e a l e r s a n d o th e r c a m e o u t , , ,
in c r o wd s s o th a t t he c a m p b e c a m e a b a z a r fo r b uyi n g a n d
sel l ing O n e da y a t t he O th e r P r a ye r s udd e n ly a ge n e r a l
.
, , ,
h u b b u b a r o se a n d a ll th o se M u sa l m an (t r a d e r s ) w e r e pl u n d e r e d .
S u c h h o w e v e r wa s t he di sc ipl i n e o f o u r a rm y th a t a n o rd e r t o
r e s t o r e e v e rythi n g h a vi n g b e e n g iv e n t he fi rs t w a t c h p a har o f
( ) ,
t he n e xt day ha d n o t p a s se d b e fo r e n o th i n g n o t a t a g o f ,
c o tt o n n ot a b r o k e n n e e dl e s p o i n t r e m a i n e d in t he p o s s e ss i o n
’
, ,
o f a n y m a n o f t he fo r c e a ll w a s b a c k with it s o w n e r s , .
M a r c hi n g fro m Yam it w a s di s m o u n t e d in Kh an Yii rt i (T he ,

’
Kh an s C a m pi n g G ro u n d) s o m e 6 m ( 3 ku r oh) e a s t o f S a m a r
4
W
, .
ka n d . e lay th e r e fo r 4 0 o r 5 0 d a y s D u ri n g t he ti m e m e n .
,
fro m th e i r s id e a n d fr o m o u r s c h o pp e d a t o n e a n o th e r (cha ga
'
p
lasht ilar ) s e v e r al t i m e s in t he Av e n u e O n e da y wh e n I b r ah i m .
B eg chik wa s c h o ppi n g a w a y th e re he w a s c u t o n t h e fa c e ; ,
1
Q as im f e a r ed t o go a m o n gs t t h e Mu gh als l est h e s ho u l d m eet r et a lia t o r y
d e a t h Cf f 9 9 b
. . . .
2
T hi s a pp ea rs f r o m t h e c o n t e x t t o b e Y am (J am ) -b ai a n d n o t t h e Dj o u m a
(jam ) o f t h e F r m a p o f 1 9 0 4 l yi n g f a rt h e r s o u t h T h e A v e n u e n a m e d
.
, .
4 5 b a n d t o b e o n t h e d ir e c t r o a d f o r Kh u j a n d
e m s li k e l y t o b e T imu r s o f f
’
se .
.
S e S c h u yl er i 2 32
W
e , .
B 2 1 5 g i n t hi g h a n d 2 1 7 ga r da I am
3 b a ha - -
g n b u y i i i n . . . t h ro a t ,
ra
, , n ,
p e r h a p s t h e t w o w o r d s s t a n d f o r j o in t
.
n d o u b t a s t o t h e m ea n in g o f b a han
'
i
g
at t h n a p e o f t h e n ec k
e K hw aj a -i ka l an w a s o n e o f s e v en b ro t h e rs six d ie d
.
-
,
i n B ah t s s e rvi c e h e h im wlf s er v e d t i ll B ab u r s d ea t h
’
’
u , .
4 Cf f 4 8 . . .
F A RG H AN A
th e r e a ft e r p e o pl e c a l l e d him C hdp iik A n o th e r ti m e ,
th i s a l so in t he Av e n u e a t t h e M a g h ak ( F o ss e ) B rid g e Ab ii l 1
,
’
q as i m (K ohbu r C hag ha tai ) g o t in w i t h his m a c e O n c e a ga i n .

,
F ol 4 0 b
. . in t he Av e n u e n e a r t he M il l -s lui c e wh e n Mi r Sh ah Qachin a ls o
, ,
t i n with h is m a c e th e y c u t his n e c k a l m o s t h a l f-thr o u g h

g o ,
m o s t fo r t u n a t e ly t he g re a t a r t e ry w a s n o t se v e r e d .
W hi l e w e w e r e in Kh an Yii rt i s o m e in t he fo r t s e n t t he ,
d e c e ivi n g m e s s a ge 2
C o m e yo u t o -n i g ht t o t he L o v e rs C a v e
,
‘ ’
s id e a n d w e wil l g iv e yo u t h e f o r t
’
U n d e r th i s id e a w e w e n t .
,
th a t n i g ht t o t he M a g h ak B r id g e a n d fro m th e re s e n t a p a r ty
o f g o o d h o r s e a n d fo o t t o t he r e n d e zv o u s F o u r o r fi v e o f t he .
h o u se h o l d fo o t s o l di e r s h a d g o n e fo r w a r d wh e n t he m a tt e r g o t
-
wi n d Th ey w e re v e ry a c tive m e n ; o n e k n o w n a s H aj i h a d
.
, ,
s er v e d m e fr o m m y c h il dh o o d ; a n o th e r p e o pl e c a ll e d Ma hm ii d
’
3
K an ati r s a ng a h
- Th e y w e re a ll ki ll e d
. .
Wh i l e w e lay in Kh an Yfi rt i s o m a n y S a m a rka n di s c a m e ,
o u t th a t t he c a m p b e c a m e a t o w n wh e re e v e ryth i n g l o o k e d fo r
in a t o w n w a s t o b e h a d M e a n ti m e a ll t he fo r t s S a m a rk a n d .
,
e x c e pt e d a n d t he H i g hl a n d s a n d t he L o wl a n d s w e r e c o m i n g in
,
to us A s in Afi rgii t h o w e v e r a fo r t o n t he s ki r t o f t he
.
, ,
S ha v dar (v a r S h adw ar ) ra n g e a p a r ty O f m e n h e l d fa s t
.
4
of , ,
n e c e s s ity w e m o v e d o u t fro m Kh an Yfi r t i a g a i n s t th e m Th e y .
could n ot m a i n t a i n th e m s e lv e s a n d s u r r e n d e re d m a ki n g , ,
F ol 4 1
. . Khw aj a -i-q az i th e ir m e d i a t o r H a vi n g p a r d o n e d th e i r o ffe n c e s .
a ga i n s t o u rs e lv e s w e w e n t b a c k t o b e l e a g u e r S a m a rk a n d
, .
(b . Affa irs o f Sl . H u sa in Mi rz a a nd his son , B a di

‘
u z
’
-
z a m an
M
Thi s y e a r t he m u t u a l r e c ri m i n a ti o n s o f SI H u s a i n M i rz a a n d .
B a di u z -z a m an M i r z a le d o n t o fi g hti n g ; h e r e a re t he p a r
‘ ’
1 K h o r o c hk in e
( R a d l o s R éc e u i l d I t i n ér a i r es
v
’
p 24 1
) m e n t i o n s P u l -i
’
.
m o u g a k a g r e a t s t o n e b r idg e t h r o w n a c r o s s a d e e p r a v in e ea s t o f Sa m a rka n d
, , .
F o K h l i -m a g h ak d e e p p o o l o r p o o l o f t h e f o s s e s ee f 4 8 b
r —
, , , . .
2
F ro m K hw an d -a m ir s d iff e rin g a c c o u n t o f t hi s a ff a ir it m a y b e s u rm is d
’
, e
t ha t t h o s e s e n d in g t h e m e s s a g e w e r e n o t t r ea c h e r o u s b u t t h e m e s s a g e i t s e lf
w a s d e c e ivin g in a s m u c h a s it d id n o t l e a d B ab u r t o e xp e c t o pp o s it io n Cf . .
f .
43 a n d n ot e .
3 k v
O f t hi s n ic -n a m e s e e r a in t e r r et a t io n s a r e a o w e l p
t h e i c t io n a ri e s ll d by d .
4 S
ee S c h u yl
e r i 2 6 8 f o r a n a c c o u n t o f t hi s
,
e a u t if u H i hl a n i a e b l g d v ll g .
5 H er e B
b
a u r t a e s u p t h e t h r ea k ro e on f d d pp d
3 6 o f t h e a ffa i r s o f t h e
, .
,
K hu r as an i m i r z as He d
r a w s o n o t h e r s o u r c e s t ha n t h e
. e r ha s o n p p
F A R G H AN A
be b e h e a d e d ; th i s n o t h e r e o n ly b ut wh e r e v e r he d e fe a t e d a
r e b e l s o n h e o r d e re d t he h e a d s o f a ll pri s o n e r s t o b e s tr u c k o ff
, .
A n d why n o t ? R i g ht w a s with him T he ( r e b e l ) M i rz as .
we r e s o g iv e n o v e r t o vi c e a n d so c i a l pl e a s u r e th a t e v e n wh e n a
e n e r a l s o s kil fu l a n d e xp e r i e n c e d a s th e ir fa th e r w a s with i n
g
h a l f-a -d ay s j o u r n e y o f th e m a n d wh e n b e fo r e t he b l e s se d
’
,
m o n th o f R a m z an o n e n i g ht o n ly r e m a i n e d th e y b u s i e d th e m
, ,
s e lv e s w it h w i n e a n d pl e a s ur e w ith o ut fe a r o f th e ir fa th e r , ,
w ith o ut d r e a d o f G o d C e rt a i n i t is th a t th o s e so l o s t (y atkan )
.
w i l l p e r i s h a n d th a t a n y h a n d c a n d e a l a b l o w a t t h o s e th u s
g o i n g t o p e r di ti o n (a atkan ) D u ri n g t he s e v e r a l ye a rs o f .
B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a s r u l e in A s t a r ab ad his c o t e ri e a n d his
‘ ’ ’
fo ll o wi n g his b a r e (y a lang ) b r a v e s e v e n we r e in fu l l s pl e n d o u r 4
‘
, ,
a n d a d o rn m e n t H e h a d m a n y g o l d a n d s i lv e r d r i n ki n g c u p s
.
a n d ut e n s il s m u c h s i lk e n pl e n i s hi n g a n d c o u n tl e s s t ip fi c h aq
,
h o r s e s H e n o w l o s t e v e ryth i n g H e hurl e d h i m s e l f in his

. .
fl i g ht d o w n a m o u n t a i n tr a c k l ea di n g t o a pr e c ip it o u s f a l l , .
H e h i m s e l f g o t d o w n t he fa ll w ith g re a t di ffi c u l ty b u t m a n y , ,
o f h is m e n p e r i s h e d th e r e
1
.
Aft e r d e fe a ti n g B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a S l H u s a i n M i rz a
‘ ’
.
,
m o v e d o n t o B a l kh I t wa s in c h a rg e o f Sh a ikh Ali Ta g h ai ;
.
‘
h e n o t a bl e t o de fe n d i t s u r r e n d e re d a n d m a d e his s u b m i s s i o n
, , .
T he M i rz a ga v e B a lkh t o I b r ah i m H u s a i n M i rz a le ft ,
M uha m m a d W a l i B e g a n d Sh ah H u s a i n t he p a g e w ith him , ,
a n d w e n t b a c k t o Kh u r as an .
D e fe a t e d a n d d e s tit u t e with his b r a v e s b a r e a n d his b a r e

,
-
f o o t so l di e r s B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a d r e w O ff t o Kh u s r a u Sh ah
2
,
‘ ’
in Qii n dil z Kh u s r a u Sh ah fo r his p a r t di d h im g o o d s e rv i c e

.
, , ,
s u c h s e r vi c e i n d e e d s u c h ki n dn e ss with h o r s e s a n d c a m e l s ,
,
t e n t s a n d p a vil i o n s a n d w a r l ik e e q u ip m e n t o f a ll s o rt s b o th fo r ,
h i m s e l f a n d th o s e w ith him th a t eye -wit n e s s e s s a id b e t w e e n ,
th i s a n d his fo r m e r e q u ip m e n t t h e o n ly d i ffe re n c e m i g ht b e in
t he g o l d a n d s i lv e r v e s s e l s .
1
K h w an d -a m i r h e a r f r o m t h e d M p
i r z a o n t h e s o t w h e n a t e r in his s e r i c e , , l v
d
t h a t h e w a s l e t o w n t h e r e c i ic e he p p by l p
O f t u r a n -sa s h e s t i e t o e t h er b d g .
2
y i ki t y i l an g u y ayag y al i n g a in e m a e due j gl d by
h o n e t i c c ha n e o f p g
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a n d t he s e l f- m a g n ifyin g s o f t he o th e r N o w th e r e fo r e Kh u s ra u .
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2
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F A R G H AN A
B ai -s u n g ha r M i rz a wi s h e d did n o t ge t a g o o d r e c e pti o n H e , .
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a pp o i n t m e n t w ith n o th i n g d o n e , .
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’
o ne h Op e ha d b e e n in S h a i b an i Kh an ; th i s he h a d l o s t a n d he
n o w w ith 2 o r 3 0 0 o f his hu n g ry s u it e dr e w o ff fr o m S a m a r ,
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a n d s t a rt e d fr o m Kh w aj a D i d ar fo r S a m a rk a n d T o g iv e u s .
h o n o ura b l e m e e ti n g o n t he r o a d w e re n o b l e s a n d b r a v e s o n e , ,
a ft e r a n o th e r I t wa s o n o n e o f t he l a s t t e n d ay s o f t he fi r s t
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2
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g g .
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a ri s e n in a n
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6
F ro m t he M at a r i d s u b u r b o f .
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P o t c t ed To w n is o f e a r l y d a t e it i s e d n, r e , s u
i . by Ib B a t a t a in t h e 14 t h c n t r y B ah u t s t en e r ef e s it t o t h p a s t
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t e o f M u ha m ma d
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4
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us ef l r l va n t n o t e t h at P r ia n s a n d A r b s c a ll t h e p la c e Sa m a -q a n d a n d
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t an d B t s c h n e id e s M d i l G e g ap hy pp 6 6 4 6 6 nd 16 3
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q d m K o s t n ko (i 34 4 ) gi v 9 m s t h e c i c m f er en c e o f t h o ld
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of th w a l ls e .
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and t he As h thi s Sh a ikh iy a h 1

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3
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t he w e s t B u kh ar a a n d K hw ariz m , o n t he n o r t h T as hki n t a n d ,
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fl
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t he d i s t a n c e o f so m e 4 m il e s (2 hu r oh) ; i t is s o -c a l l e d b ec a u s e
i t c o m e s o u t fro m u n d e r t he u pl a n d o f t he L ittl e H i ll (K ohik) 4
lyi n g b e tw e e n i t a n d t he t o w n T he D a r -i-g h a m W a t e r (c a n a l ) .
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5
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6
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2 Ab fi ‘
A u - bd l
l ah b in I s m a il u l -ja u s i
‘ ’
19 4 AH 2 56 A H (8 10 -8 70
’
b . . d . .
S ee D H e r b élo t a r t B o kh ari
’
19 1 a rt G io r a g 3 7 3 a n d a r t s ahi hu l
. p .
, . p .
, .
’
b o kh ar i 72 2 p
H e a sse a sho rt
. e r io
. on o f h is p
if e in K h a rt a n k , a d p d , ly , l
b b
su u r o f S a m a r ka n d .
3
Cf f 3 b a n d n 1
. . . .
b v b v
fl
4
T g
h is t h o u h 2 4 7 5 f t a o e t h e s e a i s o n s o m e 30 0 f t a o e Sa m a r ka n . ly . d .
C p
I t is t h e h a an -at a ( a t h e r o f Sh e h er s ) o f m a s a n d o n it T im ii r u i t a F p d p '
b l
s h r in e t o t h e o ca a t ro n o f s h e h er s l l p
T h e Za r -a f s h an o r ra t h e r it s p d . , ,
Q a r a-s fi a r m fl
o w s f ro m t h e e a s t o f t h e L it t e H il a n d t u rn s r o u n it t o l l d
W
,
o w w es t B a u r u s e s t h e n a m e K o hi k
. b a ter o os e ; e g f o r t h e w ho e l ly . . l
p k
Za r -a f s h an w h e n h e s e a s (i nf r a ) O f c u t t in o ff t h e D a r -i - h a m c a n a b u t f o r g g l
i t s s o u t h ern a r m o n t he ara s- ii i n s e era ac s
e aly
n d Q
onc e,
f o r t h e D a r -i v l pl , ,
g ha m c an a S ee f 4 9 b a n d lo s t en o i 1 9 2
. . K k . .
5 mi d
T h e Za r -a f s h an h a s a
. er ra i c u rr e n t S ee o s t en o i 19 6 v y pd . K k , ,
a n d fo r t h e c a na i 1 74 l
T h e n a m e D a r -i - h a m is u s e a s o f o r a m u s ic a
, , . g d l l
n o t e h a in v g
c h a r m t o w it c h a w a ri e f a n d a so fo r a t own n o t e f o r it s y g l d
Wi n es .
3
Wha t t h is b e u es s e ;
re p r e s en t s
e r ha s 1 5 0 t o 2 0 0 m i e s ca n on ly g d p p l .
A b fi l -fi d a (R e in a u d ii 2 1 3) q u o t e s I b n H a u ka l a s s a i n t h a t f r o m B u h ar a
’
,
y g k
up to B ot t am (t h is s e e m s t o b e w h e r e t h e Z a r -a f s h a n e m er e s in t o t h e g
p
o en a n
) l d
i s e i h t a s o u rn e t h r o u h g a n u n r o d y j
en t a n e o f e r u r e
’
a nd y g b k gl v d
g a rd en s .
F A R G H AN A
e as t of t he to wn d i s t a n t t he B agh b l d i
o n e, t he m o r e -i- u a n 1
, , ,
t h e o th e r a n d n e a r e r t he B ag h i dilk u s h a - - 2
F ro m D i l ku s h a t o
, .
t he T u r q u o i s e G a t e b e pl a n t e d a n A v e n u e o f W hit e P o pl a r
3
, ,
a n d in t he g a r d e n i t s e l f e r e c t e d a g r e a t ki o s q u e p a i n t e d i n s id e ,
with p i c t u r e s o f his b a ttl e s in H in dii s t an H e m a d e a n o th e r .
rd k w h N q h - i-j a h an ( V V o r l d s P i c t u r e ) o n t he
’
g a e n n o ,
n a s t e a s ,
s ki t
r of K o h ik a b o v e t h e Q a
,
r a -s ii o r a s p e o pl e a l s o c a l l it t he , ,
- -
Ab i-r a hm a t ( W a t e r o f m e r c y) o f K an i g il
- - - 4
I t had go n e t o .
r u i n wh e n I s a w i t n o th i n g re m a i n i n g O f i t e x c e pt it s n a m e
,
.
H is a l s o a r e t he B ag h i c h a n ar n e a r t he w a l l s a n d b e l o w t h e
- - 5
,
3
h -
t o w n o n t h e s o u th a l so t e B g h i-s h a m al (N o rth G a r d e n )
a ,
and t e h B a h - i- b ih i s ht ( G a r d e n o f P a ra di s e ) H i s o w n t o m b
g .
a n d th o s e o f his d e s c e n d a n t s w h o h a v e r ul e d in S a m a rk a n d ,
a r e in a C o l l e g e b u ilt a t t h e e xit, ( c hd q d r ) o f t h e w a ll e d -t o w n b y ,
M u ha m m a d S u l t an M i rz a t h e s o n o f T im fi r B e g s s o n ,
’
7
J a h an gir M irz a .
Am o n g s t Afi lfi gh B e g Mi rz a s b u i l di n g s i n s id e t he t o w n a r e
’
a C o l l e ge a nd a m o n a s t e ry (K hdn qdh) T he d o m e o f t he .
m o n a s t e ry is v e ry l a r g e fe w s o l a r g e a r e s h o w n in t he w o r ld , .
Ne a r th e s e t w o b u il di n g s h e c o n s t ru c t e d a n e xc e l l e n t H o t ,
B a th (ha m m am ) k n o w n a s t h e M i rz a s B a th ; he ha d t he p a v e ’
m e n t s in th i s m a d e o f a ll s o rt s o f s t o n e m o s a i c ) ; su c h
1 or
, b u la n d , G d
a r en o f t h e H e i h t o r H i h a r en g
T h e u rk 1 t e t s ha e g G d . T x v
w h a t c a n b e r ea d
a s b u ld i b u t t h e Z N o t h w hen e s c r i in it . . b d b g
l
a n d e s e w h e r e (e g i i 5 9 6 ) w rit e s bu lan d
. . ,
B u ldi m a y b e a c e ri ca e r ro r f o r . l l
g g g p
b u l a n d i t h e h e i h t a n a m e a r e e in w it h t h e o s it io n o f t h e a r e n
, , g d .
2 I
n t he H ea r t -e a n in xp d g G d p
a r en t h e S a n is h A m a s s a o r s h a d t h e ir fi r s t , b d
v
i n t e r i ew w it h T im ii r S ee a i o ( Cl v j M k
a r ham. p A s o t h e Z N ii , 6 . l . .
f o r a n a c co u n t o f it s c o n s t ru c t io n .
3 J dg g
u in f ro m t h e o c a t io n o f t h e l
a r e n s a n d o f B ab u r s ca m s , t h i s g d ’
p
a pp ea r s t o b e t h e A e n u e m e n t io n e vo n f 39 b a n d f 4 0 d . . .
4 S
ee i nf ra f 4 8 a n d n o t e . .
5 T e
h a n e Pl
-t r e e a r en G d T
his s e em s t o b e C la v i jo s B a ygi n a r , a i o u t
.
’
l d
s ho rt ly b e f o r e h e s a w it ( a r ham M k p .
3 T d l k d
h e c it a e o f Sa m a r a n s t a n s h i h f r o m it t h e ro u n s o e s w es t d g g d l p
a n d s o u t h ; o n t h es e s i e s t h e r efo r e d
a r en s o u t s i e t h e w a s w o u li e g d d ll ld
k dly b l
m ar e e ow t h e o u t er o rt (- f d -
h qarghan ) H e r e a s e s ew h e r e t h e s e c o n l d
W
t s .
. d
-i -B r ea s s t o n e f o r o u te r (Cf
. in e s n t as h) F o r t h e m a in .o f t he d x . . . k g
g d
N o r t h a r en s ee Z N i , 7 9 9 . . .
7 T im ii r ’s e ld
e st s o n , ( 1 8 0 5 A H ( 14 0 2 e f o r e his f a t h e r p t h er e f o r e
. . b .
B ab u r s w o r in s u
’
d g gg
e s t s t h a t in his d a y t h e G fi r - i -a m i r w a s n o w n a s t h e , k
M d a ras a S ee a s t o t h e
. ui b ld g
in s Z N i 7 1 3 a n d ii 4 9 2 , 5 9 5 5 9 7 7 0 5 . . , , , ,
Cl v j M km 16 6 )p a n d L es Mas u ees de S a m a r c a n de
p
a i o
( a r h a 1 6 4 a n d .
q . .
9 03 A H .
— AU G . 3 OT H . 149 7 TO AU G . 19 T H . 14 9 8 A D .
79
1
ano th e r b a th is n o t k n o w n in Khu r as an o r in S a m a r k a n d . F o l 4 66
. .
Ag a i n -t o t h e s o u th o f t he C o l l e g e is his m o s qu e k n o w n a s t h e ,
M a sj i d -i-m a q a ta ( C a rv e d M o s q u e ) b e c a u s e it s c e i l i n g a n d it s
‘
wa l l s a re a ll c o v e re d with isl i m i a n d C hi n e s e pi c tu r e s fo r m e d
2
o f se gm e n t s o f w o o d
3
Th e r e is g r e a t di s c r e p an c y b e tw e e n t he .
i bla o f th i s m o s q u e a n d th a t o f t h e C o l l e ge ; th at o f t he
q
m o s q u e s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n fixe d by a s t r o n o m i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n .
An o th e r o f Aii lii g h B e g M i r z a s fi n e b u i ldi n g s is a n o b s e rv a

’
4
t o ry th a t is a n i n s t ru m e n t fo r w r it i n g As t r o n o m i c a l T a bl e s
, ,
.
Thi s s t a n d s thre e s t o re ys hi g h o n t he s ki r t o f t he K o h ik ,
u pl a n d By it s m e a n s t he M i rz a w o rk e d o u t t he Kii rkan i
.
T a bl e s n o w u s e d a ll o v e r t he w o r l d L e s s w o r k is d o n e w ith
,
.
an o th e r s B e fo r e th e s e w e re m a de p e o pl e u s e d t he A i l
y . ,
5
kh an i T a bl e s p u t t o ge th e r a t M a r agh a by Khw aj a N a s i r T ii s i
, , ,
'
in t he ti m e o f H u lakil Kh an H u lakii Kh an it is p e o pl e c a l l .
,
a
A i l-khan i .
(A u t ho r ) N o t m o r
’
e t h an s e en o r e i h t O s e r a t o ri es s ee m t o
s n ot e . v g b v
v b
h a e e en c o n s t ru c t e in t h e w o r Mam fi m hal if a 7 ( a i h ) m a e
d ld . K C lp d
o n e w i t h w hi c h t h e Ma m ii m i a l e s w e r e w ri tt e n B a t al m fi s ( to em ) T b . P l y
c o n s t ru c t e an o t h e r d
A n o t h e r w as m ad e in H in d fi s tan in t h e t i m e o f
. , ,
R ja a Vikr a m ad i t y a H i n da in ai n a n d h a r t h a t is t h e a wa , U jj D , , M l
c o u n tr n ow y n o wn a s Man d fi
, k
T h e H in as o f H in d fi s t an u s e t h e . d
T bl a e s o f t hi s O s e r a t o r b v
h e w e r e p u t t o e t h er e a rs a o 8
g y T y
. g y .
F ol 4 7
. .
C o m a re p d
w it h o t h e r s t h e a r e s o m e w h a t e f e c t i e , y d v .
1
H in d i s t an w o u ld
m a k e a et t e r c i m a x h e r e t ha n Sa m a r k a n d d o es b l .
2
T
h e s e a pp e a r t o b e p ic t u r es o r o rn a m e n t a t io n s o f c a r v e d w o o d R ed .
h o u s e d es c r i b es i s l i m i a s a s p ec ia kin d o f o rn a m e n t a t io n in c u r v e d in es l l ,
l
s im i a r t o C
hi n es e m e t ho d s .
l a kka h t o w hi c h Mu sa M an s t u rn in M
3 i e t h e B a c k St on e (ha ba ) a t
’
. .
p ra ye r .
4 As a n c i en t O b v
w e r e t h em s e e s t h e in s t ru m e n t s o f a s t ro n o m i ca
s er a t o ri e s lv l
b v
o s e r a t io n B ab u r s w o r in is c o rr ec t
, A ii lfi g h B e s r ea t q u a r a n t w a s
’
d g . g g ’
d
18 0 f t . g
hi h ; A b ii -m u ha m m a K hu ja n di s s e t a n t ha d a r a iu s o f 5 8 f t d ’
x d .
g d
J a i Sin h m a e s im ila r r ea t in s t ru m e n t s in J a ip fi r
’
g
ib l i ha s o t h e rs Cf
’
, D . .
G v M
r e a es is c o r s 1 50 W k em s
.
5 1 n o t e Z i y i n -i - , M
a kba r i ( a rr e t t ) ii 5 . p . J ,
and note u rr a s H an M- ooy t o B e n al 331

’
n ia n db k
a z e t t eer iii 4 0 0 g p . I d G x , .
5 b
59 7 A.H 6 7 2 A H (d1 2 0 1 -1 2.
74 S .e e D H e r b é lo t s a r t . N a s i r -
i -
d in
’ ’
.
A b fi l-fi d a (R ein a u d
’
n t ro u c t io n 1 c iii) a n d B e a e s B io ra hi c a , I d , x xxv l ’
g p l
1c s n . .
3 a gra n d s o n of
6 6 3 A H (12 6 5 Ch i gi K ha
T h e co n o m e n
n z n , d . . g
A i l -hhdn i (Tl -khan i ) m a y m ea n h an o f t h e T ri e K b .
7 Ha fi n
n u r -r a s h i s s econ
’
son 2 18 AH (8 33 d ’
d d
3 Mr E r
. .
k
s in e n o t e s t h a t t his r e m a r
. wo u s e em t o t h e a t e a t w hi c h k ld fix d
b
B a r wr o t e it a s 9 34 A H
u ( 1 52 7 t ha t e in t h e 1 5 84 t h e a r o f t h e e ra
. b g . y
o f V1k r a m adit a
y a n d t h e r ef o r e a t t h r e e ea rs
, ef o r e B ab u r s ea t h (T h e y b ’
d .
Vikra m adit y a e r a e u n 5 7 B C
) b g .
F A R G H AN A
Afi lii gh B e g M i rz a a g a i n m a d e t he g a rd e n k n o w n a s t he ,
B agh -i-m a id an ( G a r de n o f t he Pl a i n ) o n t he s kirt o f t he ,
K o h ik u pl a n d In t he m iddl e o f it he e re c t e d a fi n e b ui l di n g
.
th ey c a ll C hihil S it ii n ( F o rty P ill a r s ) O n b o th s t o re ys a r e .
pill a r s a ll o f s t o n e ( taskaiu)
,
1
F o ur tur r e t s l ike m i n a r e t s .
, ,
s t a n d o n it s fo u r c o r n e r - t o w e r s t he w a y u p i n t o th e m b e i n g ,
th ro u gh t he t o w e r s E v e rywh e r e th e re a re s t o n e pill a rs s o m e
.
,
fl u t e d s o m e twi s t e d s o m e m a n y -s i d e d O n t he fo u r s id es o f
, , .
t he upp e r s t o r e y a r e o p e n g a l l e r i e s e n c l o s i n g a fo u r -d o o r e d
hal l ( c hd r -da r a ) ; th e ir pill a r s a l so a r e a ll o f s t o n e T he r a i se d .
fl o o r o f t he b u il di n g is a ll p a v e d w i th s t o n e .
H e m a d e a s m a ll e r g a r d e n o u t b e yo n d C h i hil S it fi n a n d ,
t o w a r ds K o hik a l so h a vi n g a b u ild i n g in it In t he Op e n
, .
a l l e ry o f thi s b u il di n g h e pl a c e d a g r e a t s t o n e th r o n e s o m e
g ,
1 4 o r 1 5 y a r d s (qd r i ) l o n g s o m e 8 y a r d s w id e a n d p e rh a p s ,
1 ya r d hi g h Th e y b ro u g ht a s t o n e s o l a rg e b y a v e ry l o n g
.
ro a d .
2
Th e r e is a c ra c k in t he m iddl e o f i t whi c h p e o pl e s ay
m u s t h a v e co m e a ft e r i t w a s b r o u g ht h e re I n t he s a m e .
a r d e n h e a l s o b u i lt a fo ur - d o o re d h a l l k n o w a s t he C h i n i
g ,
kh an a ( P o rc e l a i n H o u se ) b e c a u s e it s iz d r a a re a ll o f p o r c e l a i n ;
3
he s e n t t o C hi n a fo r t he p o rc e l a i n u s e d in it I n s i de t he w a ll s .
a g a i n is a n o ld b u i ldi n g o f h is k n o w n a s t h e M a sj id -
,
i-la q la q a ,
( M o s q u e o f t he E c h o ) I f a n y o n e s t a m p s o n t he g r o u n d u n d e r
.
t he m i ddl e o f t he d o m e o f t hi s m o s qu e t he s o u n d e c h o e s b a c k ,
fr o m t he wh o l e d o m e ; i t is a c u r i o u s m a tt e r o f wh i c h n o n e
k n o w t he s e c re t .
I n t he t i m e a l s o o f S I A h m a d M i rz a t he g r e a t a n d l e s s e r .
b egs l a id o u t m a n y ga r d e n s l a rge a n d s m a ll 4
F o r b ea u ty a n d ,
.
,
a ir ,
a n d vi e w fe w w il l h a v e e q u a l l e d D a rw e s h M u ha m m a d
,
-
T a r khan s C h ar b ag h ( F o u r G a rd e n s)
’ 5
I t l i e s o v e rl o o ki n g .
t he wh o l e o f Q u l b a M e a d o w o n t he s l o p e b e l o w t he B ag h -i ,
1 C f in e s n t d s h
. d x . . .
2 T k
hi s r e m a r m a y r e f er t o t h e 34 m i e s e t w e e n t h e t o w n a n d t h e q u a r rie s l b
o f it s ui b ld g
in s t o n e S ee f 4 9 a n d n o t e t o A it m ak a s s
. . P .
3 S t e in a s
g s a n
y s u o rt f o r t h e
,
ac i pp
n s it t in a l o w w a l in f ro n t o f a b k g , l
hou se S ee Vu ll e r s
. 1 4 8 a n d B u r hd n -i -t p
i . 1 19 e r h a s a d a do
‘
p . . P p .
4 be
g u begat b dgh u b dghc ha , .
5 F
ou r a r en s G d
a q u a ri a t e r a a r en
,
ai d l
o u t in f o u r l g d
ot s T he u se , l d pl .
o f t h e n a m e ha s n ow e en e t en e b
f o r a n y w e -a r ra n e x d d
ar e a r en ll g d l g g d
, ,
p
e s ec i a l on e ly
e o n in b l g g
t o a r u e r (E rs in e ) l k .
F A RG H AN A
-i- il a n d t o t he s e
t he
H i gh e r ( iv e r )
up th a n K a n ong r . .
o f it is a m e a d o w s o m e 4 m i l e s e a s t o f t he t o w n kn o wn a s ,
Kh an Yfi rt i ( Kh an s C a m n -
pi g g ro u n d ) T he Q a ra-s ii fl o w s
’
.
th ro u g h thi s m e a d o w b e fo r e e n t e r i n g Kan -i-g il W he n i t .
c o m e s t o Kh an Y fi r t i it c u r v e s b a c k s o fa r th a t it e n c l o s e s ,
with a v e ry n a rr o w o u tl e t e n o u g h g ro u n d fo r a c a m p H a vi n g , .
n o ti c e d th e s e a dv a n t a g e s w e c a m p e d th e r e fo r a ti m e d u r i n
g ,
F o l 4 8b
. .
t he s i e g e o f S a m a r k a n d 1
.
A n o th e r m e a d o w is t he B fi da n a Qfi r fi gh (Q u a i l R e se r v e ) ,
lyi n g b e tw e e n D il -k u s h a a n d t he t o w n A n o th e r is t he Kh l -i .
m a g h ak ( M e a d o w o f t he d e e p p o o l ) a t s o m e 4 m il e s fr o m t h e
2
t o w n Thi s a l s o is a r o u n d m e a d o w
. P e o pl e c a l l i t K u l-i .
m a g h ak m e a d o w b ec a u s e th e r e is a l a r g e p o o l o n o n e s i d e o f it .
S l Ali M i rz a l a y h e r e d u r i n g t h e s i e ge wh e n I w a s in Kh an
.
‘
,
Yfi r t i An o th e r a n d s m a l l e r m e a d o w is Q u l b a ( Pl o u g h ) ; it
.
ha s Q u l b a Vi ll a g e a n d t he K o hik W a t e r o n t he n o r th t he ,
B ag h i m a id an a n d D a r w e s h M u ha m m a d T a rkhan s C h ar-b ag h
- - ’
o n t h e s o u th a n d t he K o hi k u pl a n d o n t he w e s t
,
.
S a m a rk a n d ha s g o o d d i s t r i c t s a n d tum dn s It s l a rg e s t .
di s t r i c t a n d o n e th a t is it s e qu a l is B u kh ara 2 5 y ig hdak t o
,
3
, ,
t he w e s t B u kh ara in it s t u rn ha s s e v e r a l tamah s ; it is a fi n e
.
,
t o w n ; it s fr u it s a re m a n y a n d go o d it s m e l o n s e xc e l l e n t ; ,
n o n e in Ma w a ra u n -n a hr m a t c h i n g th e m fo r q u a l ity a n d
’ ’
q u a n tity A l th o u g h t he Mi r T i m fi ri m e l o n o f A khs i is s w e e t e r
.
4
a n d m o r e d e l i c a t e th a n a n y B u kh ar a m e l o n s til l in B u kh ar a ,
m a n y ki n d s o f m e l o n a re g o o d a n d pl e n ti fu l T he B u kh ara .
p l u m is fa m o u s ; n o o th e r e q u a l s i t
5
Th e y s ki n it dry i t a n d .
,
F ol 4 9. .
c a r ry i t fr o m l a n d t o l a n d with r a r it i e s ( t a ba r r ii hldr b i la ) ; it is
a n e xc e l l e n t l a x a t iv e m e di c i n e F o wl s a n d ge e s e a re m u c h .
su m mer en ca m p m en t of p r in c e s . S ha w (Vo c . p . d e ri vin g it f ro m

q ii r d m d q t o f ri ht e n e
, g
a in s i t a s ,
xp l e of a f en c e d fi ld g r o w i n g g r a in .
1 C
f f 40
. . T l d
h e r e it is o c a t e a t o n e yi ghd c h a n d h er e a t 3 h u r o ks f ro m t h e
.
t o wn .
2 t
aur .Cf Zen er s n . k
u n e rs t a n it t o li e a s
. . I d d
han Y fi r t i d id i n a c u r e , K , v
o f t h e ri e r v .
3 16 2 m
b v rai . l .
4 C
f f 3
. . .
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i r i s i n i s ii i ii b v b
T h e er s ai m d k t o e s o i s e e m s t o e c u e t h e c o m m o n
.
,
d p l ,
x l d
pl a n o f s t o n in t h e f ru it g C f f 3 b dd n a s i n i a l i p t a i n o u t t h e s t o n e s
. . .
, , k g .
9 03 A H .
— AU G . 3 01 11 14 9 7 T O A U G. . 19 T H . 14 9 8 A D .
l o o k e d a ft e r (pa r war i) in B u kh ara B u kh ar a wi n e is t he s tr o n ge s t .
m a d e in Ma w a r a u n -n a h r ; it w a s wh a t I dr a n k wh e n d r i n k
’ ’
in g in th o s e c o u n t r i e s a t S a m a r k a n d 1
.
K e s h is a n o th e r d i s t r i c t o f S a m a r k a n d 9 y ig hdch by r o a d
2
,
t o t he s o u th o f t he t o w n A r a n g e c a l l e d t he Ai t m ak P a s s .
l i e s b e tw e e n S a m a r k a n d a n d K e s h ; fr o m thi s a re
t a k e n a ll t he s t o n es fo r b u ildi n g K e s h is c a l l e d a l s o Sh a hr .
i s a bz ( G r e e n -t o w n ) b e c a u s e it s b a rre n w a s t e (sa hr ) a n d r o o fs
-
a n d w a l l s b ec o m e b e a u ti fu lly g re e n in s p r i n g As i t w a s T i m fi r .
B e g s b i r th -pl a c e h e t r i e d h a r d t o m a k e i t his c a pit a l H e

’
,
.
e r e c t e d n o bl e b u ildi n s in it T o s e a t h is o w n C o u r t h e b u ilt
g .
,
a g r e a t a r c h e d h a ll a n d in thi s s e a t e d his C o m m a n de r - b e gs a n d
h is D i w an -b e gs o n his r i g ht a n d o n his l e ft ,
F o r th o s e .
a tt e n di n g t he C o u r t he b u i lt t w o s m a l l e r h a l l s a n d t o s e a t , ,
p e titi o n e r s t o his C o ur t b u i lt q u it e s m a l l r e c e s se s o n t he fo u r ,
s id e s o f t he C o u r t h o u s e
- 4
F e w a rc h e s s o fi n e c a n b e s h o w n in .
5
t h e w o rl d I t is s a id t o b e hi g h e r th a n t he Kis ri Ar c h
. .
T i m fi r B e g a l s o b u ilt in Ke s h a c o l l e g e a n d a m a u s o l e u m ,
in whi c h a re t he t o m b s o f J a h an g i r M i rz a a n d o th e r s o f his
d e sc e n da n t s 6
A s K e s h d id n o t o ffe r t he s a m e fa c il iti e s a s
.
1 Mi n S a m a r ka n dtd a d l (o r a u wa l) a i c hkd n dd B u hhd rd c hdghi r ld r u i a i c har

a i di m T d v b d
h e s e w o r s ha e e e n u n e rs t o o t o r e f e r t o B ab u r s in it ial rin in
. d ’
d k g
o f w in e b u t t hi s r e a in is n e a t i e d g g v d by
hi s s t a t e m e n t (f 1 8 9 ) t ha t h e r s t . fi
d ra n kw in e in H a r at i n 9 1 2 A H u n e rs t a n I d d
his m e a n in t o b e t ha t t h e . g
d k
w in e h e r a n in Sa m a r a n w as B u h ar a w in e k d k
T h e t im e c a n n o t h a e e e n . v b
l
e a r i e r t ha n 9 1 7 A H T h e t w o w o r s a ii l a i c hkd n dd
. r ea d
as a ra e t o a i d ,
I d p ll l
( g
b d h r i q a r d ) ( 2 8 0 ) t h a t r i n in
f . t ha t ir d k g b d
i e o f t h o s e o t h e r c o u n t ri e s ,
’
,
’
. . ,
n o t o f H in d fi s t an w h e r e h e w r o t e .
It m a y b e n o t e t ha t B ab u r s w o r d
f o r w i n e c hdgh i r m a y n o t a w a s
’
d , , l y
p
r e r es e n t w in e o f t h e ra e b u t m a y in c u e w i n e o f t h e a g p e and e a r (c i e r l d pp l p d
and p y
e r r ) a n d o t h e r f ru it s , i e r it s n a m e s e e m in t o b e a . Cd
es c e n a n t o f ,
g d d
d d
c hdgh i r w a s in t r o u c e
, gl d by C in t o E n a n ru s a e r s i t s m a n u f a c t u r e ha i n g d ,
v
b l d
e e n e a rn e T k P l
f r o m u r s in a e s t in e .
2
by
4 8 m 3 fu r . Pw a y o f t h e A it m ak . as s (mo d a ht a a ra c hi ) a n d . T k Q , ,
R l g k G
ec u s (v i 2 5 6 ) B u z - a la - h an a
, o a t -h o u s e , .
3 Th
b ld pp
e n a m e A i t m ak t o ui a ea r s t o b e d u e t o t h e s t o n e q u a r ri es o n
, ,
g
t h e ra n e p d T h e as s -h e a is 34 m f r o m S a m a r ka n
. a n d 300 0 f t a o e it . d . b v .
K
S ee k yl d
o s t e n o ii 1 1 5 a n d S c h u e r ii 6 1 f o r
, et a i s o f t h e ro u t e ,
l .
d
4 Th
ep ll d fi l
e s c r i t io n o f t hi s h a is i f c u t t o t r a n s l a t e a i o ( a r ha m . Cl v j M k
) lg ll
1 2 4 t h ro w s i h t o n t h e s m a r e c e ss e s C f Z N i 7 8 1 an d 30 0 a n d S c h u e r . . . . , yl
ii 6 8
, .
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aq - i -k is r i e ow B a h a b l
is 1 0 5 f t hi h 8 4 f t s a n a n d 1 5 0 f t
, g d d , . g , . p .
d p
i n e t h (E rs in e ) k .
3 C
f f 46 . Ba ur
. . b d
o es n o t m e n t io n t ha t T im fi r s f a t h e r w as u ri e at
’
b d
K es h . a i o ( Cl v j
a r ha m M k
1 2 3 ) s a s i t w as T i m fi r s p
rs t in t en t io n t o b e
. y ’
fi
b u ri e d
n e a r his f a t h e r i n es h ,
K .
F A R G H AN A
S a m a r k a n d fo r b e c o m i n g a t o w n a n d a c a p it al he a t l a s t m a d e ,
c l e a r c h o i c e o f S a m a rk a n d .
A n o th e r di s t r i c t is Q a r s h i k n o w n a l s o a s N a s ha f a n d N akh ,
s hab
1
.Q a r s h i is a Mu g hfi l n a m e In t he Mu ghfi l t o n g u e th e y .
2
c a l l a hd r khan a Q a r s h i
- T he n a m e m u s t h a v e c o m e in a ft e r .
t he r u l e o f C h i n gi z Kh an Q a r s h i is s o m e wh a t s c a n t ily s u p .
pl i e d w ith w a t e r ; in Sp r i n g i t is v e ry b e a u ti ful a n d it s gra i n

3
a n d m e l o n s a re g o o d I t l i e s 1 8 y ig hdch b y ro a d s o u th a n d a
.
l ittl e i n c li n e d t o w e s t o f S a m a r k a n d I n t he d i s tri c t a s m al l .
bird k n o w n a s t he qi l-qdy ir ii g h a n d r e s e m b l i n g t he bag hr i qa r d

, ,
is fo u n d in s u c h c o u n tl e s s n u m b e r s th a t i t g o e s b y t he n a m e o f
t he Q a r s h i bi r di e (m urg ha h) 4
.
Kh o z ar is a n o th e r d i s t r i c t ; K a r m i n a a n o th e r lyi n g b e tw e e n ,
Q -
a m a r ka n d a n d B u kh ar a ; Q a r a k ii l a n o th e r i h a h 5
w
7 y g c n , . .
o f B u kh ar a a n d a t t h e f u r th e s t l i m it o f t he w a t e r .
S a m a r k a n d ha s go o d tam ah s O n e is S o g hd with it s de .
p e n d e n c i e s I ts h e a d Y ar -yilaq it s fo o t B u kh ara th e r e m a y
.
, ,
b e n o t o n e s i n g l e y ig hd ch o f e a rth w ith o u t it s vi l l a ge a n d it s
c u lt iv a t e d l a n d s S o fa m o u s is it th a t t he s a y i ng a tt r ib u t e d t o
.
3
T i m ii r B e g I h a v e a g a rd e n 3 0 y ig hdch l o n g m u s t h a v e b e e n
, ,
s p o k e n o f S o g hd A n o th e r t i t m d n is S hav dar (v a r S hadwar)

’
. .
,
a n e xc e ll e n t o n e a dj o i n i n g t h e t o w n —s u b u r b s O n o n e s id e it .
h a s t h e r a n ge ( Ai t m ak D ab an ) lyi n g b e tw e e n S a m a rk a n d a n d ,
Sh a hr -i-s a bz o n t he s kirt s o f wh i c h a re m a n y o f it s vil l a ge s

,
.
O n t he o th e r s id e is t he K o h ik W a t e r (i e t he D a r -i-g h a m . .
ca n al) Th e re i t l i e s ! a n e xc e ll e n t td m dn w ith fi n e a ir fu l l
.
, ,
of b e a uty a b o u n di n g in w a t e rs it s g o o d thi n gs c h e a p
, , .
O b s e rv e rs o f E gypt a n d Syr i a h a v e n o t p o i n t e d o u t it s m a t c h .
1 Ab ii l -fi d a (R e in a u d II ii 2 1 ) s a s t h a t N a s a f is t h e A r a ic a n d N a k hs ha h
’
, , y b
l l
t he o ca n am e fo r a r s hi Q
I b n H a u k a l (O u s e l e y . 2 6 0 ) w r i t e s N a k hs ha b p . .
2 This w o r ha s d
e e n t ra n s la t e b
bu r i a l -p l a c e a n d c i m e t i e r e b u t d
a rs h i m ea n s Q
l
c a s t e o r ro a -r e s i e n c e
, y l d
T h e Z N (i 1 1 1 ) s a s t ha t . a rs h i is a n e q u i a e n t
. . , y Q v l
f o r A r qa gr . p l
a a ce a nd w as so ca e
, ,
f ro m o n e u i t t h e r e Q u b lll d
ai han , b l by K
d e r ha s B ab u r s w o r P p -
i s c o n n e c t e w it h G i n h an t h e t it e d d k l
(
’
. 12 9 4 ,
v g
o f s o e r e i n s in K h u t a n a n d m e a n s r ea t o r ro a -
, ho u s e , i e a a ce g y l . . p l .
3
9 4 m 6 1 f u r v i a J am ( o s t e n o i ,
. . K k
4 Se e A en i B pp d x .
5 so m e
34 m ( o s t en o i . K k
S c h u e r m e n t io n s t ha t h e h ea r
,
in yl d
Q a r a- k fill a t r a it io n t ha t t h e d d
is t ri c t in b y e - o n e a s , w a s f e r t i i z e f ro m , g d y l d
t h e S ir .
3 C
f .
F A R G H AN A
se lf on t he
r l d th and
1 8 m o n th s t o t wo y e a r s
ro n e u e fo r .
1
F ro m him S l Ab fi -s a i d M i rz a t o o k it (8 5 5 A H -1 4 5 1
.
‘
He .
in his l i fe -ti m e g a v e i t t o his e l d e s t s o n S l Ahm a d M irz a ; , .
S l Ahm a d M i rz a c o n ti n u e d t o r u l e i t a ft e r his fa th e r s d ea th
.
’
8
( 73 A H -1 6
4 9 O n
. hi s d e a th 8
( 99 A H - 1 4 94 AD ) S l Ma hm fi d . . .
M i rz a w a s s e a t e d o n t he th r o n e a n d o n his d e a th (9 0 0 A H .
1 4 9 5 A D ) B ai s u n g h a r M i rz a
- . B ai -s u n g h a r M irz a wa s m a de .
pri s o n e r fo r a fe w d a y s d u r i n g t he T a rkh an r e b e l l i o n (9 0 1 A H
, .
1 49 6 a n d his y o u n g e r b r o th er S l Ali M i rz a w a s s e a t e d o n
‘
.
,
t he th r o e but
n B ai s u n g ha r M i rz a a s ha s b e e n r e l a t e d in thi s
-
, ,
hi s t o ry t o o k i t a g a i n d ir e c tly F i o m B ai -s u n gha r M i rz a 1
, .
t o o k i t (9 30 A H -I 49 7 F u rth e r d e t a il s wil l b e l e a r n e d
.
fr o m t he e n s u i n g hi s t o r y .
B aba r s r u le i n S a m a r ka n d )
’
( c . .
W h e n I w a s s e a t e d o n t he th r o n e I s h e w e d t he S a m a rk a n d ,
b e gs pr e c i s e ly t he s a m e f a v o ur a n d ki n dn e s s th e y ha d ha d
b e fo re I b e s t o w e d r a n k a n d fa v o u r a l s o o n t he b e g s w it h m e
.
,
t o e a c h a c c o rdi n g t o h is c i r c u m s t a n c e s t he l a rg e s t s h a r e fa l l i n g ,
t o S l Ahm a d T a m ba l ; h e h a d b e e n in t he h o u s e h o l d b e g s
’
.
c i rc l e I n o w r a i s e d h im t o t h a t o f t he gr e a t b e g s
W
.
e h a d t a k e n t h e t o w n a ft e r a s e v e n m o n th s h ard s i ege ’
.
Thi n gs o f o n e s o r t o r o th e r fe ll t o o u r m e n wh e n w e g o t in .
T he wh o l e c o u n t ry with e xc e p t i o n o f S a m a rk a n d i t s e l f h a d
, ,
c o m e in e a r l i e r e ith e r t o m e o r t o S l A li M i rz a a n d c o n s e
‘
.
q u e n tly ha d n o t b e e n o v e r -r u n I n a n y c a s e h o w e v e r w h a t .
,
c o u l d h a v e b e e n t a k e n fr o m di s t r i c t s s o l o n g s u bj e c t e d t o r a i d
a n d r a pi n e ? T he b o o ty o u r m e n ha d t a k e n s u c h a s i t wa s , ,
c am e t o an e n d W h e n w e e n t e re d t he t o w n i t w a s in s u c h
.
,
d i s t r e s s th a t i t n e e d e d s e e d -c o rn a n d m o n ey -a dva n c e s ; wh a t
l w thi t k e a n yth i n g fr o m ? O n th e s e a c c o u n t s o u r
W
p a c e a s s t o a
m e n s u ffe r e d gr e a t priv a ti o n e o u r s e lv e s c o u ld g iv e th e m
.
n o thi n M o v r th e y e a rn e d fo r th e i r h o m e s a n d b y o n e s
g o r e . e y ,
a n d tw o s s e t th e i r fa c e s fo r fl i g ht
,
T he fi r s t t o g o w a s B ayan .
Q l ) Kh Q l I b h m B hi h w th l l h
’
u i s ( s o n a n u i ; r a i eg c a s a n o e r ; a t e
Mu ghfi ls w e n t Off a n d a l i ttl e l a t e r S l Ahm a d T a mba l, ,

. .
A fi z fi n H a s a n c o u n t e d hi m s e l f a v e ry s i n c e r e a n d f a ith fu l
1 T hi s o v r s t t d a t es s h ew 1 y r 1 m t h a nd a f e w d a ys
e a e s t h e t im e . . .
9 03 A H .
— AU G . 3 OT H . 14 9 7 TO AU G . 19 1 H
'‘
. 149 8 A D .
i
fr e n d o f Khw a a i-q az i ; we th e r e fo r e t o p u t a s t o p t o th e s e
j -
,
F ol 5 15
d e s e rt i o n s s e n t t he Khw aj a t o him (in An dij an ) s o th a t th ey
, ,
. .
in a g r e e m e n t m i ght p u n i s h s o m e o f t he d e se r t e r s a n d s e n d
,
o th e r s b a c k t o u s B u t th a t v e ry Afi z ii n H a s a n th a t t r a it o r t o
. ,
his s a lt m ay h a v e b e e n t h e s ti rr e r -u p o f t he w h o l e tr o u b l e a n d
,
t h e s p u r t o e vi l o f t he d e s e r t e r s fr o m S a m a r k a n d
- - D ir e c tly S l . .
Ah m a d T a mba l ha d g o n e a ll t he r e s t t o o k u p a w ro n g p o s iti o n,
.
a n d a lso ahang i r
( d A n dijan dema n ded of B abu r by T he Kha n ,
.
f or
Mir z a ) .
A lth o u g h , d u r i n g t he yea rs in w hi c h c o v e t i n g S a m a r k a n d I , ,
h a d p e rs i s t e n tly le d m y a r m y o u t S l Mahm ii d Kh an 1
ha d ,
.
p ro vid e d m e with n o h e lp wh a t e v e r ye t n o w it ha d b e e n t a k e n , , ,
he w a n t e d An dij an M o r e o v e r Afi z fi n H a s a n a n d S I Ahm a d
.
, .
T a m ba l ju s t w h e n s o l di e r s o f O u r s a n d a ll t h e Mu g hfi ls ha d
,
d e se r t e d t o An dij an a n d Akhsi w a n t e d th o s e t w o d i s t r i c t s fo r ,
J a h an gir M i rz a F o r s e v e ra l r e a s o n s th o s e d i s t r i c t s c o u ld n o t
.
,
b e g iv e n t o th e m O n e w a s th a t th o u g h n o t pr o m i s e d t o T he
fl
.
,
Kh an ye t he ha d a s k e d fo r th e m a n d a s he p e r s i s t e d in a s ki n g
, , ,
a n a gr e e m e n t with him w a s n e c e s s a ry if th e y w e r e t o b e iv e
g n ,
t o J a h an gi r M i rz a A fu r th e r r e a s o n w a s th a t t o a sk fo r th e m
.
j u s t wh e n d e s e r t e rs fro m u s ha d e d t o th e m w a s v e ry l i k e a ,
c om m an d If t he m a tt e r h a d b e e n b r o u g ht fo r w a r d e a r l i e r
.
,
s o m e w a y o f t o l e ra ti n m m a d m i ht h a v b f d At F ol 5 2
g a c o n g e e e n o u n . . .
t he m o m e n t a s t he Mu g hfi ls a n d t he A n di j an a r m y a n d s e v e r a l
,
e ve n o f m h o u s h o ld h a d g o n e t o A n dij an I ha d with m e in
y e ,
S a m a r k a n d b eg fo r b e g g o o d a n d b a d s o m e wh e r e a b o u t 1 0 0 0
, , ,
m en .
Wh e n Afi z fi n H a s a n a n d S I Ah m a d T a mba l di d n o t g e t wh a t .
t hey w a n t e d th ey i n vit e d a ll th o s e t i m id f u g itiv e s t o j o i n th e m

, .
J u s t s u c h a h a pp e n i n g th o s e t i m i d p e o pl e fo r th e ir o w n sa k e s
, , ,
ha d b e e n a s ki n g o f G o d in th e i r t e rr o r H e r e u p o n Afi z ii n .
,
H a sa n a n d S l Ahm a d T a m ba l b e c o m i n g o p e n ly h o s ti l e a n d
.
,
re b e lli o u s l e d th e ir a r m y f r o m Akhs i a a i n s t A n dij an

, g .
T fi lfi n Khw aj a wa s a b o ld , d a s h i ng e a ge r b r a ve o f t he B ari n ,
M
( u ghiils) My fa th e r ha d fa v o u re d him a n d he wa s s ti l l in
.
fa v o ur I m y s e l f h a vi n g r a i s e d him t o t h e ra n k o f b e I
, g n .
1
i e T h e K h an o f t h e Mu gh fi l s B ab u r s u n c l e
’
. .
, .
F A R G H AN A
t r u th he
d e s e rv e d fa v o u r a w o n d e r fu l ly b o l d a n d d a s h i n g b ra v e r
, .
H e a s b e i n g t he m a n I fa v o u r e d a m o n g s t t he Mu g hfi ls w a s
, ,
s e n t (a ft e r th e m ) wh e n th ey b e g a n t o d e s e r t fr o m S a m a r k a n d t o
,
c o u n s e l t he c l a n s a n d t o c h a s e fe a r fr o m th e i r h e a r t s s o th a t
F ol 5 2 b
. .
th ey m i g ht n o t t u rn th e i r h e a d s t o t he wi n d 1
Th o s e t wo .
tr a it o rs h o w e v e r th o s e fa l s e g u id e s ha d s o wr o u g ht o n t he
, ,
c l a n s th a t n o thi n g a v a i l e d pr o m i se o r e n t r e a ty c o u n s e l o r , ,
T ii lfi n Khw aj a s m a r c h la y th r o u g h Ai k i s fi ar as i
’
thr e a t .
- - 2
,
kn o w n a l s o a s R a b a t ik-a fi r c hi n i Aii z ii n H a s a n s e n t a .
s ki r m i s hi n g p a rty a g a i n s t h im ; i t fo u n d him o ff his g u a r d ,
s e iz e d a n d ki ll e d him Thi s d o n e th e y t o o k J a h an g i r M irz a

.
, ,
a n d w e n t t o b e s i e g e An dijan .
(e B abur loses A n dijan )

. .
I n An dij an w h e n m y a r m y r o d e o u t fo r S a m a r k a n d , I ha d
le ft Afi z fi n H a s a n a n d Ali -d o s t T a g h ai ( R a m z an 9 0 2 AH -Ma y
‘
.
1 49 7 Khw j
a -i- az i ha d
th e re l a t e r o n a n d th e r e
a q g o n e ,
t o o w e r e m a n y o f m y m e n fro m S a m a rk a n d D u r i n g t he s i e g e .
,
t he Khw aj a o u t o f g o o d -wi l l t o m e a pp o rt i o n e d
, o f his ,
o w n s h e e p t o t he g a r ri s o n a n d t o t he fa m il i e s o f t he m e n s til l
with m e W hil e t he s i e g e w a s g o i n g o n l e tt e r s k e pt c o m i n g t o
.
,
m e fr o m m y m o th e r s a n d fr o m t he Khw aj a s ayi n g in e ffe c t

3
, ,
Th e y a re b es i e g i n g u s in th i s w a y ; if a t o u r c ry o f di s t re ss yo u
do n o t c o m e thi n gs wil l go a ll t o rui n , S a m ar k a n d wa s t a k e n .
F ol 5 3
. .
by t he s t re n gt h o f An dij an if An dij an is in yo u r h a n d s G o d
'
,
wi l l in g S a m a rk a n d c a n b e ha d a g a i n
, O n e a ft e r a n o th e r .
’
c a m e l e tt e r s t o th i s p u rp o rt J u s t th e n I wa s r e c o v e r i n g fr o m .
ill n e s s b u t n o t h a vi n g b e e n a b l e t o t a k e du e c a r e in t he d ays o f
,
c o n v a l e s c e n c e I w e n t a ll t o pi e c e s a g a i n a n d thi s t i m e b e c a m e
, ,
s o v e ry il l t h a t fo r fo ur d a ys m y s p e e c h w a s i m p e d e d a n d th e y
1 E l h MS r m d ghdi ld m i g h a i a n d K e h r s MS S ( b
’
p d . . a t n ot t rn II r, s d u _ . . ar
bd d) b i m d ghd i ld r m igh t n o t gi v e
r B o t h m e t a p h o rs s e e m d ra w n f ro m t h e
, .
p ro t e c t i v e ha b it o f m a n a n d b e as t o f t u rn in g t h e b a c k t o a s t o rm -w in d .
2
i e b e t w i x t t w o w a t e s t h e M i y an -i -d ii —ah o f I n d ia
. . r ,
H e r e it is t h e m o t . ,
s
f e r t il e t r ia n gl e o f l a n d in T u r ki s t an ( R ec l u s v i e n c l o s e d b y t h e e a s t e rn , ,
m o u n t a in s t h e N ar in a n d t h e Q a r a-s ii ; R a b at ik -a fi c hi n i it s a lt e r n a t iv
,
r ,
e
n am e m e a n s S m a ll S t a t io n s u b -d is t r ic t
,
F r o m t h e u s e s o f d rc hi I in f e r . a n
t ha t it d e s c rib e s a d is t ri c t in w hi c h t h e r e is n o c o n s id e r a b l e h e a d -q u a r t e r s
fo rt .
3i e hi s o w n
. . , Q fi t l fi q
-n i ar g K ha ni m and , d
h e rs A is an - a u a t B e i m w it h l g ,
p p
e r ha s o t h e r w i d o ws of his f a t h e r , p ro b a b l y S h ah Su t an B e i m l g .
F A RG H AN A
G u i d e s (mu qt a dd) p o n t i ff ( Sha ihhu l-islam) a n d J ud ge ( n i)

and
’
in t he F a r g han a c o u n t ry 1
H e w a s a di s c ipl e o f his H i gh n e ss
.
Ub a idu l -lah (A hr ar i) a n d fr o m him ha d his u p b r i n g i n g I

‘ ’
.
h a v e n o d o u b t h e w a s a s a i n t (wa li) wh a t b e tt e r wit n e s se s t o

his s a n c tity th a n t he fa c t th a t w ith i n a s h o rt ti m e n o s i g n o r ,
t r a c e re m a i n e d o f th o s e a c tive fo r his d e a th ? H e w a s a
w o n d e r fu l m a n ; it w a s n o t in h im t o b e a fr a id ; in n o o th e r
m a n wa s s e e n s u c h c o u ra g e a s his Th i s qu a l ity is a fu rth e r .
wit n e s s t o his sa n c ti ty O th e r m e n h o w e v e r b o ld h a v e
.
, ,
a n xi e ti e s a n d t re m o u rs ; h e ha d n o n e W h e n th ey ha d kil l e d .
him th e y s e iz e d a n d pl u n d e r e d th o se c o n n e c t e d with him

, ,
r e t a i n e r s a n d s e rv a n t s tri b e s m e n a n d fo l l o w e r s , .
In a n xi e ty fo r An dij an w e ha d g iv e n S a m a rk a n d o u t o f o u r ,
h a n d s ; th e n h e a r d w e ha d l o s t An dij an I t wa s l ik e t he s ayi n g .
In i g n o r a n c e m a d e t o l e a v e thi s pl a c e s hut o u t f r o m th a t
‘
, ,
( G hafi l az i n jd r dn da a z an jd m dn da ) I t w a s v e ry h a rd a n d
, .
v e xi n g t o m e fo r w hy ? n e v e r s i n c e I ha d r u l e d ha d I b e e n c u t ,
O ff l ik e thi s fro m m r e t a i n e r s a n d m c o u n try ; n eve r s i n c e I

y y
ha d k n o w n m ys e l f h a d I k n o w n s u c h a n n o y a n c e a n d s u c h
,
h a rd s hip .
(f B aba r
’
s a cti on K hujan d his ba se )
.
f r om as .
On riv a l in Kh uj a n d c e rt a i n hyp o c r it e s n o t e n d u ri n g
o ur ar , ,
t o s e e Kh a l i fa in m y G a t e h a d s o w ro u g ht o n M u ha m m a d ,
H u s a i n M i rz a D dg hld t a n d o th e r s th a t he w a s d i s m i sse d
t o w a r d s T as hki n t T o T as hki n t a l s o Q as i m B e g Qii chin ha d
.
b e e n s e n t e a r l i e r in o r d e r t o a sk T he K h an s h e lp fo r a m o ve
,
’
o n A n dij an T he Kh an c o n s e n t e d t o g iv e i t a n d c a m e h i m se l f
.
b y wa y o f t he Ah a n g a ran D a l e t o t he fo o t o f t he Ki n di rlik
2
,
P ass 3
Th e r e I w e n t a l so fro m Kh uj a n d a n d s a w m y Kh an
W
.
, ,
e th e n c r o s s e d t he p a s s a n d h a lt e d o n t he Akh s i s id e
4
d ad a . .
T he e n e m y fo r th e ir p a r t ga th e r e d th e ir m e n a n d w e n t t o ,
Akhs i .
1
Cf f . . 16 l v b
f o r a m o s t e r a t im s t a t e m e n t s .
2 B ac l k s m it h s a e
’
D l
A h a n ga r an a
. e a rs c o rr u t e in mo e rn m a pp p d d ps to
A n gr e n . S ee U S ii 2 9 3 f o r K h w an d -a m i r s w o r in o f t h is e is o e
. ,
’
d g p d .
3
Cf . f 1b a n d
. K
o s t e n o i 10 1 k , .
4
i e
. . K h an nc e ( U l
o t her s M ro t h er)
’
b .
9 03 A H .
— AU G . 3OT H . 14 9 7 To AUG . 19 T H . 14 9 8 A D
J u s t a t th a t t i m e t he p e o pl e in Pap s e n t m e w o r d th e y ha d ,
1
m a d e fa s t t he fo r t b u t o wi n g t o s o m e thi n g m i s l e a di n g in T he ,
Kh an s a dv a n c e t he e n e m y s t o r m e d a n d t o o k it
’
Th o u g h
,
.
T he Kh an ha d o th e r g o o d q u a l iti e s a n d w a s in o th e r w a y s
b u s i n e s s l ik e he wa s m u c h with o u t m e r it a s a s o l di e r a n d
,
c o m m a n de r J u s t wh e n m a tt e r s w e r e a t t h e p o i n t t h a t if he
.
m a d e o n e m o r e m a rc h it w a s m o s t p r o b a bl e t he c o u n t ry w o u l d ,
b e h a d with o u t fi ght i n g a t s u c h a ti m e ! he ga v e e a r t o wh a t ,
t he e n e m y s a i d with a ll o y o f d e c e it s p o k e o f p e a c e a n d a s h is , ,
m e ss e n ge r s s e n t th e m Khw aj a Ab h l-m a k are m a n d his o wn

’
,
F 0 ] 5 50
.
L o rd o f t he G a t e B e g T i lba ( F o o l ) T a m ba l s e ld e r b r o th e r
’
.
, ,
T o sa v e th e m s e lv e s th o s e o th e r s (i e H a s a n a n d T a m b a l ) m ixe d . .
s o m e th i n g t ru e with wh a t th e y fa bl e d a n d a g r e e d t o g iv e g i ft s
a n d b r i b e s e ith e r t o T he Kh an o r t o h is i n t e r m e di a ri e s W ith .
t hi s T h e Kh an re ti re d
, .
A s t he fa m il i e s o f m o s t o f m y b e g s a n d h o u s e h o l d a n d b ra v e s
w e r e in An dij an 7 o r 8 0 0 o f t he g re a t a n d l e s s e r b e g s a n d b a re
,
b r a v e s l e ft u s in d e s p a i r o f o u r t a ki n g t he pl a c e O f t he b e gs
, .
w e r e Ali -d a r w e s h B e g A li -m a z i d Qii chi n M u ha m m a d B aqi r

‘
,
‘
,
e g Sh a ikh A bd u l - l ah L o r d o f t he G a t e a n d M i ri m L ag ha r i
‘ ’
, ,
.
O f m e n c h o o s i n g e xil e a n d h a r d s hip with m e th e r e m a y h a v e ,
b e e n o f go o d a n d b a d b e tw e e n 2 0 0 a n d 3 0 0 O f b e g s th e r e
, , .
w e re Q as i m Qii chi n B eg W a i s L ag ha r i B e g I b r ah i m S a r ii
'
, ,
Mi ng l ig h B e g S hi ri m Ta gh ai S ayyid i Q a r a B e g ; a n d o f m y
, ,
h o u s e ho ld Mir Sh ah Qii chin S ayyid Q as i m ja lai r L o r d o f t he

'
, , ,
G ta e Q i a s m -aj a b
, A li -d o s t T a g h ai s ( so n ) M u ha m m a d -d o s t
‘ ‘ '
, ,
M h m m a d a li Mu ba shi r
- 2
Kh u d ai -b i r d i T iig hchi Mug hii l Yari k
‘
u a
, ,
Ia g hai B ab a Al i s (s o n ) B ab a Q u l i Pi r W a i s Sh a ikh W a i s
r ‘ ‘ ’
, ,
F ol 5 5b
. .
, ,
Yar- a li B a ld l 3 Q as i m Mi r A hhwii r ( C hi e f E q u e rry a n d H a i d a r

‘
,
)
R i hd bddr (s ti rr u p -h o l d e r) .
I t c a m e v e ry h a rd o n m e ; I c o u l d n o t h e lp c ryi n g a g o o d
d e a l B a c k I w e n t t o Kh u j a n d a n d thith e r th e y s e n t m e m y
.
1 n
. w g f e r r y o v e r t h e Si r
. of t h e Sa n .
2
p e r ha p s m e s s e n g e r o f go o d t id in gs
, .
3
T his m an s f a mi ly c o n n ec t io n s a r e in t er es t in g H e w a s A li -s h u k r B e g
’
.
‘
B hd l d s g r a n d so n n e p h e w t h e r e f o r e o f P as h a B e g i m
; t h o u g h hi s s o n
’
a r , r ,
S a if -a l i B e g h e w as t h e g ra n d f a t h e r o f B a ir am K h an -i -k h an an a n d t h u s t h e
‘
,
g g
. f o
. f .A b d u r -ra im M i r z a
h
‘
t h e t
’
r a n s l a t o r o f t h e S e co n d q i d t -i -b d bu i ,
‘
r .
S e F i ris h t a li t h e d p 2 0
e
5 . . . .
F A R G H AN A
m o th e r and m y g r a n d m o th e r and t he fa m il i e s o f so m e of t he
men with m e .
T ha t R a m z an ( Ap r il -Ma y) w e s p e n t in Kh uj a n d th e n
W
,
m o u n t e d fo r S a m a r k a n d e h a d a l re a dy s e n t t o
. a s k T he
K han s h e lp ; he a ss i g n e d t o a c t with u s a ga i n s t S a m a r k a n d
’
, ,
his s o n S l M u ha m m a d ( S u lt an i m ) Kh an ik a a n d (his s o n s
, .
’
g u a rdi a n ) Ahm a d B e g wi th 4 o r 5 0 0 0 m e n a n d r o d e h i m s e l f a s
fa r a s Afi r a-t i p a Th e re I s a w him a n d fr o m th e re w e n t o n
.
by w ay o f Y ar-yi laq p a s t t he B ii rka -yilaq F o rt t he h e a d

, , .
q u a rt e r s o f t he s u b -go v e r n o r (dar ogha) o f t he di s tri c t S l . .
M u h a m m a d S u l t an a n d Ahm a d B e g ri di n g l i g ht a n d b y ,
a n o th e r r o a d t t Y a - i la fi r s t b u t o n th e ir h e a r i n th t
g o ,o r y q g a
Sh a ib an i Kh an w a s r a idi n g Sh i raz a n d th e re a b o u t s t u r n e d ,
b a c k T he re w as n o h e lp fo r i t ! B a c k I t o o ha d t o g o Ag a i n
.
.
I w e n t t o Kh uj a n d !
As th e re w a s in m e a m biti o n fo r r u l e a n d d e s ir e o f c o n q u e s t ,
I did n o t s it a t g a z e wh e n o n c e o r twi c e a n a ffa ir ha d m a d e n o

p r o g re s s N o w I m y s e lf thi n ki n g t o m a k e a n o th e r m o v e fo r
.
' ,
An dij an w e n t t o a s k T he Kh an s h e l p
, O ve r a n d a b o v e th i s
’
.
,
it w a s s e v e n o r e i g ht y e a r s s i n c e I h a d s e e n S h ah B e i m 1
a d
g n
o th e r r e l a ti o n s ; th e y a l s o w e r e s e e n u n d e r t he s a m e pr e t e xt
,
A ft e r a fe w d ays T he Kh an a pp o i n t e d S a yi d M u a m m a d
,
y h
H u sa i n (D dg hld t) a n d Ay11b B eg chih a n d J an -ha s a n B dr in with
'
7 o r 8 0 0 0 m e n t o h e lp u s W ith thi s h e l p w e s t a r t e d r o d e
.
,
l i ht th ro u h Kh u j a n d with o u t a h a lt l ft K d - -b a d am o n
g ,
g e a n i ,
t he l e ft a n d s o t o N a s fi kh
9 o r 1 0 y ig hd ch o f r o a d b e y o n d
,
Kh uj a n d a n d 3 y ig hdch ( 1 2 -1 8 m ) fr o m K a n d -i-b a d am th e re .
,
s e t o ur l a dd e r s u
p a n d t o o k t he fo r t I t wa s t he m e l o n s e a s o n ;
.
o n e ki n d
g ro w n h e r e k n o w n a s I s m a i l Sh a ikh i h a s a y e l l o w
‘
, ,
r i n d fe e l s l ik e s h a r e e n l e a th e r h a s
s e e d s l ik e a n a ppl e s a n d
’
,
g ,
fl e s h fo u r fi n ge rs thi c k I t is a w o n d e rfu lly d e l i c a t e m e l o n n o

.
o th e r s u c h
g o w s th e r e a b o u t
r N e xt da y t he Mu ghii l b eg s
.
re re s e n t e
p d t o m e O u r fi g hti n g m e n a r e fe w ; t o w h a t w o u l d
,
h ldi g thi s o n e fo r t l e a d o n ? In tr u th t h e y w e re r i g ht ; o f
o n ’
wh a t u s e w a s it t o m a k e th a t fo r t fa s t a n d s t a y th e re ? B a c k
o n c e m o r e t o K hu j a n d !
1 B
ab u r s ( t e p - a n m o t h e r c o -w i
’
)g
s
d r d o w w it h A is an -d a u la t o f Y im a s K han
,
'
a n d m o t h r o f A m ad a n
e
h d M a hm u d C h g ha t ai a .
F A R G H AN A
W a l i he s e n t Off with a l a rge fo r c e t o b e s i e g e S ha b a r ghan a n d

r a i d a n d r a v a ge th e r e a b o u t s W a l i fo r h is p a r t n o t b e i n g .
, ,
a bl e t o l a y c l o s e S i e g e s e n t h is m e n O ff t o pl u n d e r t he c l a n s ,
a n d h o r d e s o f t h e Z a r d a k C hfi l a n d th e y t o o k him b a c k ,
o ve r sh eep a n d so m e 3 0 00 c a m e l s H e th e n c a m e .
,
pl u n d e r i n g t he S an -c h irik c o u n t ry o n his w ay a n d r a i di n g a n d ,
m a ki n g c a ptiv e t he c l a n s fo r tifi e d in t he h ill s t o j o i n Kh u s r a u ,
Sh ah b e fo re B a lkh .
O n e da y d u r i n g t he s i e ge Kh u sr a u Sh ah S e n t t he N a z a r ,
1
B a hd du r a l re a dy m e n ti o n e d t o d e s t r o y t he w a t e r c h a n n e l s o f
'
-
,
fl
B a lkh O u t o n him s a lli e d T i n g ri b ir d i S a m an chi S l H u s a i n
.
- 2
,
.
M i rz a s fa v o u r it e b eg with 7 0 o r 8 0 m e n s t ru c k h im d o w n c u t
’
, , ,
O ff his h e a d c a r r i e d i t o ff a n d w e n t b ac k i n t o t he f o r t
,
A v e ry ,
.
b o l d s a l ly a n d he did a s t r iki n g d e e d
,
.
(g . A H a ir s o
f Sl . u s a in Mir z a a n d B a di u z -z a m an Mirz a ) ‘ ’
.
Thi s s a m e ye a r S l H u sa i n M irz a le d h is a r m y o u t t o B a s t
, .
a n d th e re e n c a m p e d fo r t he p u r p o s e o f p u tti n g d o w n Zfi n
’
3
,
' '
n i l n A r hit n a n d h is s o n Sh ah Sh uj a b e c a u s e th e y ha d b e c o m e
‘
g , ,
B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a s re t a i n e r s ha d g iv e n him a d a u g ht e r o i
'
‘ ’ ’
,
Z -n fi n in m a rr i a e a n d t a k e n u p iti h ti l h i m l f
’
fi n g p a o s o n o s e t o s e .
N o c o r n fo r his a r m y c o m i n g in fro m a n y q u a r t e r i t ha d b e g u n ,
t o b e di s t r e ss e d with h u n ge r w h e n t h e s u b -g o v e rn o r o f B a s t .
s ur re n d e r e d By h e lp o f t he s t o r e s o f B a s t t he M irz a g o t b a c k
.
,
t o Kh u r as an .
S i n c e s u c h a g re a t r u l e r a s S l H u s a i n M i rz a ha d twi c e le d a .
S pl e n did a n d w e l l - a pp o i n t e d a r m y o u t a n d twi c e r e t i r e d w ith ,

'
o u t t a ki n g
Q il n dfi z o r H i s ar o r Q a n d a h ar h i s s, o n s a n d h is ,
b e g s w axe d b o l d in r e v o l t a n d r e b e ll i o n I n t he s p r i n g o f thi s . .
ye a r he s e n t a l a rg e a r m y u n d e r M u ha m m a d W a l i B e g t o p u t
,
d o w n ( his s o n ) M u ha m m a d H u s a i n M i rz a w ho s u p r e m e in ,
As t a r ab ad ha d t a k e n u p a p o s it i o n h o s t il e t o hi m s e l f
, W hil e .
,
S l H u s a i n M i rz a wa s s til l l y i n g in t he N is h i n m e a d o w (n e a r
.
1 d r i qld r ; t his t h e a n n o t a t o r of t h e E lp h . MS . ha s c ha n ged t o d s hl iq

p ro vis io ns , c o rn .
2
S a m d n -e hi m a y m ea n K ee p e r o f t h e G o o d s T in gr i -b ird i T h e o d o r e
.
, , is t h e
pu re ly T k
u r i f o rm o f t h e K h u d ai -b ir d i a l r e a d y m e t w it h s e v e ra l t im es
, in t h e ..
B N . .
3 B a st
(B o s t ) is o n t h e l e ft b a n k o f t h e H a lm a n d .
903 A H .
— AU G . 3 0T H . 14 9 7 T O A U G . 12T H . 149 8 A D .
H a r at ) , he w a s rpri s e d by B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a a n d S h ah
su
‘ ’
S huja B e g (A rg hii n ) B y u n e xp e c t e d g o o d -f o r tu n e h e ha d b e e n
‘
.
,
j o i n e d th a t v e ry day b y S 1 M a s ii d M i rz a a r e fu ge e a ft e r .
‘
,
b r i n g i n g a b o u t t he l o s s o f H i sar a n d a l s o r ej o i n e d by a fo r c e
1
,
o f h is o w n r e tur n i n g fr o m As t a r ab ad Th e r e w a s n o qu e s ti o n .
o f fi g hti n g B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a a n d Sh ah B e g b r o u g ht
‘ ’
.
,
fa c e t o fa c e w ith th e s e a r m i e s t o o k t o fl i g ht , .
S l H u s a i n M i rz a l o o k e d ki n dly o n S l M a s h d M i rz a m a d e
‘
. .
,
him k n e e l a s a s o n in -la w a n d ga v e h im a pl a c e in h is fa v o u r
-
a n d a ffe c ti o n N o n e -t he -l e s s S l M a s h d M i rz a a t t he i n s t i g a
. .
‘
,
t i o n o f B aq i C haghan i dn i w ho ha d c o m e e a rlie r in t o S l H u s a i n , u
.
M irz a s s e rvi c e s t a rt e d o ff o n s o m e pr e t e xt w ith o u t a s ki n g

’
, ,
l e a v e a n d w e n t fro m t he p r e s e n c e o f S l H u s a i n M irz a t o th a t
,
.
o f Kh u s r au Sh ah !
Khu s r a u Sh ah ha d a lr e a dy i n vit e d a n d b r o u g ht fr o m H i sar ,
-
B ai s u n g h a r M i rz a ; t o him ha d g o n e Afi liig h B e g M i rz a s s o n 2 ’
,
-
M iran s h ah M i rz a who h a vi n g g o n e a m o n g s t t he H a z ara in ,
re b e l l i o n a ga i n s t his fa th e r h a d b e e n u n a b l e t o r e m a i n a m o n g s t
,
th e m b e c a u s e o f his o w n i m m o d e r a t e a c t s S o m e s h o r t -s i gh t e d .
p e r s o n s w e r e th e m s e lv e s r e a dy t o kil l th e s e th r e e (T i m fi rid)
M irz as a n d t o r e a d Khu s ra u Sh ah s n a m e in t he hhu tba b u t h e ’
hi m s e l f did n o t th i n k thi s c o m b i n a t i o n d e s i ra b l e T he u n gra t e .
fu l m a n iki n h o w e ve r fo r t he s a k e o f ga i n in thi s fi v e d a y s
’
fl ee ti n g w o r ld -it w a s n o t tr u e t o h im n o r wi l l it b e t r u e t o a n y
,
m a n s o e v e r — s e iz e d th a t S l M a s ii d M i rz a wh o m he ha d s e e n
‘
.
,
g o w u p in h is c h a rge fr o m c hildh o o d w h o s e g u a r di a n h e ha d
r ,
b e e n a n d b l i n d e d him w ith t he l a n c e t
fl
.
,
S o m e o f t he M irz a s fo s t e r -b r e th re n a n d fr i e n d s o f a ffe c t i o n
’
a n d O ld s e rv a n t s t o o k him t o K e s h i n t e n di n g t o c o n v e y him t o
his (h a l f ) -b r o th e r S l Ali M i rz a in S a m a rk a n d b u t as th a t
.
‘
p a r ty a l s o (i e A l i s ) b e c a m e thr e a t e n i n g th e y e d with him

. .
‘ ’
, ,
c r o s s e d t h e r iv e r a t t he A ii b a fe r r y a n d w e n t t o S I H u s a i n
j .
M i rz a .
1 Cf f 5 6 b . . .
2
kn o wn as d u li H e w as a s o n o f A b fi
. a n d t hu s a n u n c e o f B a u r -s a ‘ i d l b .
He l d K ab l
ru e u and G
h a z n i f ro m a at e d
r e io u s t o his f a t h e r s p v
ea t h in
’
d
8 7 3 A H (p e ha p s
. r f r o m t h e t im e
‘
U k
m a r Sha i h w a s n o t s e n t t h e r e in 8 7 0 A H , .
S ee f 6 b ) t o his d
. ea t h in 9 0 7 A H b
B a u r w a s his i rt u a s u c c e s s o r in
. a u v l K b l ,
i n 9 10 AH .
96 F A R G H AN A
A hu n dre d th o u s a n d c u r s e s l i g ht o n h im who p l a n n e d a n d
d id a d e e d s o h o rri b l e ! U p t o t he v e ry v e rg e o f R e s u r re c ti o n ,
le t him w ho h e a r s o f thi s a c t o f Khu s r a u S h ah c u r s e him ; a n d

,
m a y he w ho h e a ri n g c u r s e s n o t k n o w c u r s i n g e q u a l ly d e s e r v e d !
, ,
Thi s h o r ri d d e e d d o n e Khu s ra u Sh ah m a d e B ai -s u n g ha r
,
M irz a r u l e r in H i s ar a n d di s m i s se d him ; M i ran -s h ah M i rz a he

d e s p a t c h e d fo r B am ian wi th S a yyid Q as i m t o h e l p him .
98 F A R G H AN A
fo r t .e r eWa c h e d i t a t d a w n f o u n d i t s m e n o n g u a r d tur n e d
, ,
b a c k a n d ro d e wit ho u t h a l t t o Pa s hagha r T he p a i n s a n d .
m i s e ry o f fe v e r n o twit h s t a n d i n g I ha d ri dd e n 1 4 o r 1 5 y ig hd ch ,
(7 0 t o 8 0 m il e s ) .
Aft e r a fe w d a ys in P a s hagha r we a pp o i n t e d I b r ah i m S d r d , ,
F ol .
5 9 b W a i s L ag ha r i S he ri m Ta g h ai a n d s o m e o f t he h o u s e h o l d a n d
.
,
b ra ve s t o m a k e a n e xp e di t i o n a m o n gs t t he Yar -yi laq fo r t s a n d

t th m i t h d Y a r - i la a t th a t t i m e w a s S a yyi d
g e e n o ou r a n s y q .
,
Yfi s u f B e g s he h a vi n g r e m a i n e d in S a m a r k a n d a t t he e xo d u s
1 ’
,
a n d b e e n m u c h fa v o u r e d by S l Ali M irz a T o m a n a g e t he .
‘
.
fo r t s S a yyi d Yfi su f h a d s e n t h is y o u n g e r br o th e r s s o n Ahm a d
’
, ,
i yfi s u f n o w G o v e r n o r o f S i a l k o t a d Ah
- 2
n m a - -
d yfi s u f wa s th e n
i
, ,
in o c c u p a ti o n I n t he c o u r s e o f th a t w i n t e r o u r b e g s a n d
.
,
b ra ve s m a d e t he r o u n d go t p o s s e s s i o n o f s o m e o f t he fo rt s ,
p e a c e fu l ly fo u gh t a n d t o o k o th e r s g a i n e d s o m e by r u s e a n d
, ,
c r a ft In t he w h o l e o f th a t di s t r i c t th e r e is p e rh a p s n o t a
.
s i n g l e vi l l a ge with o u t it s d e fe n c e s b e c a u s e o f t he Mu g hfi ls a n d
t he Afi z b e g s M e a n ti m e S l Ali M i rz a b e c a m e s u s pi c i o u s o f
. .
‘
S ayy i d Yii s u f a n d his n e ph e w o n m y a c c o u n t a n d di s m i s se d

b o th t o w a r d s Kh u r as an .
T he w n e i t r p s
as e d in thi s s o r t o f t g
u -o i-w a r ; w ith t he o u
c o m i ng heat s
3
th e y s e n t Khw aj a Ya hya t o t re a t wi th m e wh i le
, ,
th ey u rge d o n by t he ( S a m a rk a n d ) a rm y m a r c h e d o u t t o n e a r
, ,
Sh i raz a n d K a b ud I m a y h a v e ha d 2 0 0 o r 3 0 0 s o l d i e r s .
(sip ahi ) ; p o w e rful fo es w e re o n m y e v e ry s id e ; F o rt u n e ha d

F ol 60 n o t fa v o u r e d m e w h e n I t u r n e d t o An dij an ; w h e n I u t a h a n d
p
. .
o u t fo r S a m a r k a n d n o wo r k w a s o e n e d o u t O f ity
p , n e c e s s .
,
s o m e s o r t o f t e r m s w e r e m a d e a n d I w e n t b a c k fr o m P a s hag ha r .
Kh uj a n d is a p o o r pl a c e ; o n e b e g w o u l d h a v e a h a r d t i m e in
it ; th e r e we a n d o u r fa m ili e s a n d fo l l o wi n g ha d b e e n fo r h a lf a
1
A d ghld qch i t h e pl a y e r o f t h e kid -g a m e t h e g r a y -w o lf e r Y ar -y il aq w i ll
’
, , .
h a v e go n e w it h t h e r e s t o f S a m a r k a n d i n t o A li s h an d s in R a j a b 9 0 3 A H ‘ ’
.
(M a c h r Co n t in g en t t e rm s b et we en hi m an d B abu r w ill h a ve b e en
m a d e ; Y as u f m a y h a v e r e c o gn iz ed s o m e s h o w o f ri gh t u n d e r t h e m f o r ,
a ll o w in g B ab u r t o o c c u py Y ar - il a
y q .
2
i e a ft e r 9 3 3 A H
. . C f 1 4 6 b an d n o t e c o n c e rn in g t h e B i k ra m ad it ya e ra
. . . .
S e e in d e x n A hm a d -i-y fi s u f an d H S ii 2 9 3
s . . . .
. .
3
T his p l ra l u l e s s iro n ic a l c an n o t b e r e a d a s h o n o u rin g A li ; B abu r
u , n ,
‘
s t h e h o n o i fi c pl u r a l m o s t r a re ly an d s p ec ia ll y
use r e g f o r s a in t l y p e rs o n s , . .
,
f o r T h e K h an an d f o r e ld e r w o m e n -ki n s f o lk .
9 04 A H -A U G 19 T H 14 9 8 T O A U G 8 1 11 14 9 9 A D
. . . . . .
99
y e a r
1
d u r i n g t he t i m e t he Mu s a lm an s o f t he p lac e ha d
and
n o t be e n b a c kw a r d in b e a r i n g o u r c h a rg e s a n d s e rvi n g u s t o t he
b e s t o f th e i r p o w e r W i th wh a t fa c e c o ul d w e g o th e re a g a i n
.
a n d wh a t fo r h is o w n p a r t c o u l d a m a n do th e r e ?
, T o wh a t,
2
h o m e t o g o ? F o r wh a t g a i n t o st a y P ’
In t he e n d a n d w ith t he s a m e a n xi e ti e s a n d u n c e r t a i n ty w e ,
w e n t t o t he s u m m e r -p a s t u r e s in t he s o uth o f Afi r a-t i p a Th e re .
w e s p e n t s o m e d a ys in a m a z e m e n t a t o u r p o s it i o n n o t k n o wi n g ,
w h e re t o g o o r wh e r e t o s t a y o u r h e a ds in a whi r l On o n e o f , .
t h o s e d ys Khw j
a a a A b h l -m a kara m c a m e t o s e e m e h e l ik e
’
, ,
.
m e a w a n d e re r d r iv e n fr o m his h o m e
, ,
3
H e q u e s ti o n e d u s .
a b o u t o u r g o i n g s a n d s t a yi n g s a b o ut wh a t h a d o r h a d n o t b ee n ,
d o n e a n d a b o ut o u r wh o l e p o s it i o n H e w as t o u c h e d w ith .
c o m p a ss i o n fo r o u r s t a t e a n d r e c it e d t he f d tiha fo r m e b e fo r e he
l e ft I a l s o w a s m u c h t o u c h e d ; I pitie d him
. .
( b.B d bu r r ecover s Ma rg hin a n ) ’
N e a r t he Aft e rn o o n Pr ay e r o f th a t s a m e day a h o r s e m a n ,
a pp e a r e d a t t he f o o t o f t he v a ll e y H e was a m an n a m e d .
Yii l -c hii q p r e s u m a b l y Ali- d o s t Ta ghai s o w n s e rv a n t a n d h a d

‘ ’
, ,
b e e n s e n t wi th thi s w r itt e n m es s a ge A lth o u g h m a n y g r e a t ,

‘
m i s d e e d s h a v e ha d t h e i r r i se in m e ye t if yo u wil l do m e t he , ,
f a v o u r a n d ki n d n e s s o f c o m i n g t o m e I h o p e t o p u rg e m y ,
O ffe n c e s a n d r e m o v e m y r e p r o a c h b y g ivi n g yo u Ma r g hi n an ,
a n d b y m y fu t u r e s u b m i s s i o n a n d s i n g l e -m i n d e d s e rvi c e
’
.
S u c h n e w s ! c o m i n g o n s u c h d e s p a i r a n d whirl -o i-m i n d !
Off w e h u r r i e d th a t v e ry h o u r —
it w a s s u n - s e t — with o u t
, , ,
r e fl e c ti n g w ith o u t a m o m e n t s d e l a y j u s t a s if fo r a s u dd e n
’
, ,
raid s t r a i g ht fo r Ma r g hi n an
, F r o m wh e r e w e w e r e t o Ma r .
g h i n a n m a y h a v e b e e n 2 4 o r 2 5 y gi hd c h o f r o a d 4
T h r o u g h .
t h a t n i g ht it w a s r u s h e d with o u t d e l a yi n g a n ywh e r e a n d o n ,
1
b i r y ar i m y i l . D
a t es s h ew t h is t o m e a n s ix m o n t hs It a e a rs a . pp
p a r a e ll l xp
e r e s s io n t o e rs h a s h t y P
- a k o n e -e i h t h. , g .
2
H S i i 2.
93 . i,n a c e ,o f t h e s e t w pl
o q u o t a t io n s h a s a m i s ra
‘
— N a r d y ; a fa r , ,
k a r da n u n a r ay i qd m a t (N o r r e s o e t o m a r c h n o r f a c e t o s t a )
,
lv , y .
3
i e in Sa m a r an
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4P o in t t o p
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, t h e ro a
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l k ly
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h w a a B ik a r g an -w a t e r K
he n c e t h e j T .
r o u t e wo u be ld by
u n f re qu en t e d ll
h i —t r a c s e a c h m an e a in hi s s e c o n h o rs ek , l d g d .
F A R G H AN A
ne xt da y t il! a t t he M id -da y P ra ye r h a lt w as m a d e a t T a n g -ab ,
N rr o w- w a t e r) o n e o f t he v il l a g e s o f Kh uj a n d Th e re w e
(
W
a , .
c o o le d d o w n o u r h o r s e s a n d g a v e th e m c o r n e r o de o u t .
1
a g a i n a t b e a t o f ( twil i g ht dr u m a n d o n thro u g h th a t n i g ht
ti ll s h o o t o f d a w n a n d thr o u g h t he n e xt day t i ll s u n se t a n d o n
, ,
thr o u g h th a t n i g ht till j u s t b e fo r e d a w n we w e r e o n e y ig hdch

, ,
fro m Ma rghi n an H e r e W a i s B e g a n d o th e rs r e pr e s e n t e d t o
.
me with so m e a n xi e ty wh a t s o r t o f a n e vi l -d o e r A l i- do st wa s ‘
.
‘
N o -o n e th ey s a id
,
’
h a s c o m e a n d go n e ti m e a n d a ga i n
,
‘
, ,
be tw e e n him a n d u s ; n o t e r m s a n d c o m p a c t h a v e b e e n m a d e ;
tr u s ti n g t o wh a t a re we go i n g ? In tr u t h th e ir fe a r s w e r e ’
j u s t ! Aft e r w a it i n g a whil e t o c o n s ul t we a t l a s t a g re e d th a t ,
r e a s o n a b l e a s a n xi e ty wa s it o u g ht t o h a v e b e e n e a r l i e r ; th a t
,
th e re w e w e r e a ft e r c o m i n g th r e e n i g ht s a n d t wo d a y s w ith o u t
r e s t o r h a l t ; in wh a t h o r s e o r in wh a t m a n w a s a n y s tr e n th
g
le ft — fro m w h e r e w e w e r e ho w c o u l d r e t u r n he m a d e ? a n d, ,
f
i m a d e wh , e r e w e r e w e t o g o -th a t h a v i n
g c o m e s o f ar o n , ,
w e m u s t a n d th a t n o thi n g h a pp e n s with o u t G o d s wi ll
’
, At .
thi s w e l e ft t he m a tt e r a n d m o ve d o n o u r tru s t se t o n H im , .
At t he S u mn a t P r a ye r w e r e a c h e d F o rt Mar g hin an
2
Ali
‘
.
do s t Ta g h ai k e pt hi m s e lf b e hi n d (a r qa ) t he c lo s e d g a t e a n d
a s k e d fo r t e rms ; th e s e gr a n t e d he o p e n e d i t H e did m e , .
o b e i s a n c e b e tw e e n t he ( t w o ) ga t e s Aft e r s e e i n g him w e
3
.
,
di s m o u n t e d a t a s u it a b l e h o u s e in t he w a l l e d -t o w n W ith m e .
,
g r e a t a n d s m a l l w e r e 2 4
,
0 m e n .
As Afi z fi n H a s a n a n d T a m b al ha d b e e n tyr a n n i c a l a n d
O ppr e s s iv e a ll t he c l a n s o f t h e c o u n t ry w e r e a s ki n g fo r m e
W
, .
e th e r e fo r e a ft e r t wo o r thre e d a ys s p e n t in Mar hi n an
, g ,
j o i n e d t o Q as i m B e g o v e r a h u n d r e d m e n o f t he Pa s hag ha ri s ,
t he n e w r e t a i n e rs o f Ma rg hi n an a n d o f Ali -do s t s fo ll o wi n g
‘ ’
,
a n d s e n t th e m t o b r i n g o v e r t o m e by fo r c e o r fa ir w o r d s s u c h , ,
1 t an ydr i m i wa qt i dd
n a gar a T an y d r i m i s e e m s t o m e an h a f -
.
d ar l k ,
lg
t wi i h t H e r e it c a n n o t m e an m id -n i ht s in c e t hi s w o u
. im g
a ha t o f ld p ly l
lv b
t w e e h o u rs a n d B a u r s a s n o h a t w as m a e y T he l
ru m n e t f o o win d . d x ll g
b
m id —d a y is t h e o n e e a t e n a t s u n s e t .
2 Th
e v l
o unt ar ra e r y p y
o ff e r e w h e n t h e s u n h as w e
, d
ri s e n fi t s t he ll ,
co nt e t x .
3
I
un d e rs t an d t ha t t he o b e is an c e w as m a d e in t h e G a t e -h o u se , b et w een
t h e i nn e r an d o u t e r d o o rs .
F AR G H AN A
j u s t th e n a fu g it iv e fro m S h a ib an i Kh an a n d a l s o t he B ari n ,
t ii mdn w ith it s b e g s Th e y a rr ive d p r e c i s e ly a t thi s ti m e

. .
F o l 6 2b
. .
Th e se n e w s w e re a l t o g e th e r u p s e tt i n g t o Aii z fi n H a s a n ;
he a t o n c e s t a rt e d o ff his m o s t fa v o u r e d r e t a i n e r s a n d m o s t
s e r vi c e a bl e b r a v e s t o h e l p h is m e n in t he c it a d e l o f Akh s i H is .
fo rc e r e a c h e d t he b r o w o f t he riv e r a t d a w n O u r C o m m a n d e rs .
a n d t he (T as hki n t ) M u g hii ls ha d h e a rd o f it s a pp r o a c h a n d h a d
m a d e s o m e o f th e ir m e n s t rip th e ir h o r s e s a n d c ro s s t he riv e r
'
h dij id A m i
’
( t o t e A n an s e ) ii z fi n H a sa n . s e n n th e ir h a s t e did , ,
-
n o t dr a w t he fe rry b o a t u p s t r e a m ; - 1
th e y c o n s e qu e n tly w e n t
r i ght a wa y fr o m t he la n di n g -pl a c e c o u l d n o t c r o ss fo r t he fo rt ,
an d w e n t d o w n s tre a m 2
H e r e -up o n our. m e n a n d t he ,
( T a s h k i n t ) M u g h ii l s b e g a n t o rid e b a r e -b a c k i n t o t he w a t e r
fro m b o th b a n k s Th o s e in t he b o a t c o u l d m a k e n o fi g ht a t
.
a ll l h h b h h B k h h P -m a s t e r )
.
Q a r fi g a c ( v a r Q a r il g a c ) . a s i ( y a
c a l le d o n e o f Mu g hii l B e g s s o n s t o him t o o k him b y t he

’
,
ha n d c h o p p e d a t him a n d ki ll e d him
, O f w h a t u s e wa s it ? .
T he aff a ir w a s p as t th at ! H is a c t w a s t h e c a u s e why m o s t o f
th o se in t he b o a t w e n t t o th e i r d e a th I n s t a n tly o u r m e n .
Se iz e d th e m a ll (a r i ) a n d kil l e d a ll (b u t a fe w
)
3
q O f A ii z ii n .
H a s a n s c o n fi da n t s e s c a p e d Q arlii g hac h B a khshi a n d Kh a l i l

’
D i wan a n d Q az i G hu ldm t he l a s t g e tti n g o ff b y p r e t e n di n g t o

,
b e a s la ve (g hu ldm) ; a n d o f his tr u s t e d b r a v e s S a yyi d Ali ,

‘
,
n o w in tru s t in m
4 -
y o w n s e rv i c e a n d H a i da r -i q u l i a n,d Q il k a
K ashgha r i e s c a p e d O f his 7 0 o r 8 0 m e n n o m o r e th a n thi s

.
,
Fol 6 3
sa m e p o o r fi v e o r s ix g o t fre e
. .
O n h e a ri n g o f thi s a ffa ir Au z u n H a s a n a n d T amb a l n o t , ,
b e i n g a b l e t o re m a i n n e a r Ma rg hi n an m a r c h e d in h a s t e a n d ,
di s o rd e r fo r An dij an Th e re th e y ha d l e ft N asir B e g t he .
,
h u s b a n d o f Afi z ii n H as a n s s i s t e r H e if n o t Afi z ii n H a s a n s ’
.
,
’
s e c o n d w h a t qu e s t i o n is th e r e he w a s his th i r d ? 5
, H e wa s a n
1
i . ad e r t o a llo w fo r t h e h e re v e ry s wift c u r r en t T h e H S v a r yin g a
. in or . . .
go o d d ea l in d e t ai ls f ro m t h e B N g iv e s t h e u s e fu l in fo rm a t io n t ha t A fi z fi n
. .
H as a n s m e n kn e w n o t h in g O f t h e c o m in g o f t he T as h k in t Mu h fi ls
’
g .
2
C l f 4 b an d A p p A as t o t h e po s it io n o f A kh s i
. . . . .
3 ba i
i qi d i ld
r n Af t e r t hi s s t a t e m e n t t h e fi v e e x c e p t io n s a re u n e x p ec t e d 2
r r.
B ab u r s w o rd in g is s o m e w ha t c o nf u s ed h e re
’
4 i in H in d ti s t an
'
. e .
.
5
T a m a wo u b l be t he ld co m p e t it o r fo r t h e s ec o n d p la c e .
9 04 A H .
— AU G . 19 T H .. 14 9 8 TO AU G . ST H . 14 9 9 A D .
xp e r i e n c e d m a n b r a v e t o o ; w h e n he h e a rd p a r ti c u l a r s he
‘
e , ,
kn e w th e i r g ro u n d wa s l o s t m a d e A n dij an f a s t a n d s e n t a m a n
fl
,
to m e Th e y b r o k e u p in di s a c c o r d wh e n th ey fo u n d t he fo r t
.
'
m ad e fa s t a g a i n s t th e m ; Aiiz il n H a s a n dre w O ff t o his wi fe in

Akhs i T a m b a l t o his di s t r i c t o f A fi s h A fe w o f J a h an gi r
M i rz aa s h o u s e h o l d a n d br a v e s e d w
.
,
’
ith him fro m Aii z ii n H a s a n
a nd j o i n e d T a
m b a l b e fo r e h e h a d r e a c h e d Afi s h .
( c . B d bu r r ec ov er s A n dijan .
)
D ire c tly w e h e a rd th a t A n d ij an ha d been m a d e fa s t a ga n s i t
th e m I r o d e o u t a t s u n -r i s e fro m Ma rg hi n an a n d by m id-da y
, , ,
wa s in An dij an 1
Th e r e I s a w N as i r B e g a n d his t wo s o n s
.
,
t h a t is t o s a y D o s t B e g a n d M i ri m B e g q u e s ti o n e d th e m a n d
, ,
u p lift e d t h e i r h e a d s wi th hOp e o f fa v o u r a n d ki n d n e ss In thi s .
w a y b y G o d s g ra c e m y fa th e r s c o u n try l o s t t o m e fo r t w o
’ ’
, , ,
- '
y e ar s w a s r e g a i n e d a n d e p o s s s se d
,
t e i n t he m o n th Zh l q a d a o f
-
,
‘
t he d a t e 9 0 4 (J u n e
S l Ahm a d T am ba l a ft e r b e i n g j o i n e d b y J a h an gi r M irz a
.
, ,
d re w a w a y fo r Ali s h O n his e n t e r i n g t he t o w n t he r e d r a b b l e .
,
-
(g i i l j q)
d th r i A kh i b l k b l d d ( d t i l
y q q i b)
d i
'
z a e e a s n s a c u g e o n e q
,a r ,
a n d d ru bb e d his m e n o u t b l o w u p o n b l o w th e n k e pt t he fo r t , ,
fo r m e a n d s e n t m e a m a n J a h an gir a n d T a mb al w e n t Off .
c o n fo u n d e d w ith a fe w fo l l o w e r s o n ly a n d e n t e r e d Afi z ki n t
, ,
Fo r t .
O f Afi z ii n H a s a n n e w s c a m e th a t a ft e r fa il i n g t o g e t i n t o
An dij an he ha d g o n e t o Akhsi a n d it w a s u n d e rs t o o d ha d
, , ,
e n t e r e d t he c it a d e l H e ha d b e e n h e a d a n d c hi e f in t he r e .
be ll i o n ; w e th e r e fo r e o n ge tti n g thi s n e w s with o u t m o r e th a n , ,
fo ur o r fi v e d ay s d e l a y in An dij an s e t o u t fo r Akhs i
’
On o u r , .
a rriv a l th e r e w a s n o thi n g fo r him t o d o b ut a s k fo r p e a c e a n d

,
t e r m s a n d s urr e n d e r t he fo rt
W
.
,
e s t a y e d in Akhs i a fe w d a y s l n o rd e r t o s e ttl e it s a ffa i rs

3
1
4 7 m 4 } fu r . .
2 B a u r h ad b e en b a b out t wo lun a r y e ar s a b s en t dj
f ro m A n i an b u t hi s
lo s s o f ru e w as o f u n l m o n t hs d er 16 .
3 A
b
s c ri e 5 n o t e en t e re d h e r e o n t h e m a r in o f t h e H a i
’
MS is t o t h e g . .
e ff e c t t h a t c e r t ain w o r d s a r e n o t in t h e n o b e a r c h e t yp e (n a s hka s ha r i f ; t h i s
) l
s u pp o rt s o t h e r c ir c u m s t an c e s w hi c h m a k e f o r t h e O p in i o n t h a t t hi s od ex IS C
a d i r e c t c o py o f B ah u t s o w n MS S e e n d e x s n IIa i MS an d I JR
'
A S 19 0 6 . . . . .
,
p . 87 .
F A RG H AN A
and th o se of K asan i de e ga v e t h e
an d th a t c o u n ry
-s t . W
Mu ghiils who ha d c o m e in t o h e l p u s l e a ve fo r r e turn (to ,
T as hki n t ) th e n w e n t b a c k t o A n d ij an t a ki n g w ith u s Afi z il n
, ,
H a s a n a n d his fa m ily a n d d e p e n d a n t s In Akhsi wa s l eft .

,
fo r a ti m e Q as i m -i-aj a b ( W o n d e r fu l Q as i m )
,
fo r m e rly o n e o f
‘
,
t he h o u s e h o ld c ir c le n o w a rriv e d a t b e g s r a n k
’
.
,
(d R
. en ewed r ebellion o f the Mug hii ls ) .
' '
As t e r m s h a d b e e n m a d e A11zi1n H a s a n w ith o ut hurt t o l i fe , ,
F ol 64 . . d
o r g o o s wa s a o ,
l l w e d t o g o by t h e Q a r a-t i g i n r o a d fo r H isa r .
A fe w o f his re t a i n e r s w e n t w ith him t he r e s t p a rt e d fr o m lhim ,
a n d s t a ye d b e hi n d Th e s e w e r e t he m e n who in t he t hr h
. ne
l e ss t i m es ha d c a ptur e d a n d plu n d e r e d v a ri o u s Mu s a linan

d e p e n d a n t s o f m y o wn a n d o f t he Khw aj a In a g re e nie n t .
with s e v e ra l b e g s th e ir a ffa ir w a s le ft a t thi s

, Thi s ie ry
b a n d h a ve b e e n t he c a pt o rs a n d pl u n d e r e rs o f o u r fa it hfu l
1
M u sa l m an d e p e n d a n t s ; w h a t l o ya lty h a v e th e y s h o w n t o
th e ir o wn ( Mu g hiil) b e gs th a t th e y s h o ul d b e lo ya l t o u s ? l f l
w e ha d th e m s e ize d a n d s t r ipp e d b a r e wh e r e w o ul d b e t he ,
w r o n g ? a n d thi s e s p e c i a l ly b e c a u s e th ey m i g ht b e g o i n g a b o ut ,
b e fo re o u r v e ry e ye s ri di n g o u r h o r se s we a ri n g o u r c o a t s
W
, , ,
e a ti n g o u r s h e e p ho c o u l d p u t u p w ith th a t ?
. If o u t o f ,
h u m a n ity th e y a re n o t i m p r i s o n e d a n d n o t plu n de re d th e y
, ,
c e r t a i n ly o u g ht t o t a k e i t a s a fa v o ur if th e y g e t o ff with t he
o r d e r t o g iv e b a c k t o o u r c o m p a n i o n s o f t h e h a rd g u e ril l a
ti m e s wh a t e v e r g o o d s o f th e irs a re k n o w n t o b e b e r e
, .
’
In truth th i s se e m e d r e a so n a b l e ; o u r m e n w e r e o rd e r e d t o
t a k e w h a t th ey k n e w t o b e th e i rs R e a so n a b l e a n d j u s t th o ug h .
t he o rd e r wa s ( I n o w) u n d e r s t a n d th a t it w a s a l ittl e h as ty
, .
W ith a w o rry lik e J a h an gi r se a t e d a t m y s id e th e r e w a s n o

’
I o l. 64 6 .
,
s e n s e in fr i g ht e n i n g p e o pl e in th i s w ay In c o n q u e s t a n d .
g o v e r n m e n t , th o u g h m a n y th i n g s m a y h a v e a n o ut s id e a pp e a r
a n c e o f re a s o n a n d j u s t i c e e t r e fl e c t i o n s r e ri ht a n d
y , a g
n e c e ss a ry a s t o t h e b e a r i n s o f e a c h o n e o f th e m F r o m thi s
g .
s i n gl e i n c a u t i o u s o r d e r o f o u rs 2
wh a t t r o u bl e s ! wh a t re b e l li o n s,
1 Mu s a l m dn d
h e r e s ee m s t o in ic a t e m e n t a l c o n t ra s t wit h P a g an p ra c t ic es
or ne gl e c t of M l b v
u s a m an O s e r an c e s a m o n s t g Mu gh fi ls .
2
i . e . of h is adv i s o rs an d hi m s e f l .
F A R G H AN A
fa c e with r e b e l s W e l l d id th e y c h o p a t o n e a n o th e r
t he .
c h
( pq d ii lds hii r ld r
) ! Q as i m B e g h i m s e l f c a m e fa c e t o fa c e with
M u h a m m a d A rg hii n a n d di d n o t d es i s t fr o m c h o ppi n g a t him
1n o r d e r t o c u t o ff h is h e a d
1
M o s t o f o u r b r a v e s e xc h a n g e d
.
d bl w b t i t h d w e r e b e a t e n Q as i m B A li -d t ‘
g o o o s u n e e n e g o s .
,
Ta gh ai I b rah i m S dr ii W a i s L agha r i S a yyi d i Q a r a a n d th r e e

, , ,
o r fo u r m o r e o f o u r b e g s a n d h o u s e h o l d g o t a w a y b ut m o s t o f
’
t he r e s t fe l l i n t o t h e h a n d s o f t he r e b e l s Am o n g s t th e m w e r e .
‘
Ali -d a r w e s h B e g a n d M i ri m L ag ha r i a n d ( S he ri m Ta g h ai
B e g s (s o n ) T 11q a a d A i do s t s s o n M uha m m a d-d o s t a n d
’ 2
l - ‘ ’
’
n ,
Mir Sh ah Qii chin a n d M i ri m D iw an .
T w o b ra v es c h o pp e d v e ry w e l l a t o n e a n o th e r ; o n o u r s id e ,
S a m a d I b r ah im S a r ii s y o u n g e r b r o th e r a n d o n th e ir s i de ’
‘
, , ,
Sh ah -s u w ar o n e o f t he H i sari Mu g hfi ls Sh ah -s u w ar s tru c k
, .
s o th a t his s w o rd dr o v e thr o u g h S a m a d s h e lm a n d s ea t e d
’
it s e lf w e l l in his h e a d ; S a m a d s pit e o f his w o u n d s tru c k s o , ,
th a t his s w o r d c u t o ff S h ah -s u war s h e a d a p i e c e o f b o n e a s ’
la r g e a s t h e p a l m o f a h a n d -
Sh ah s uw ar m u s t h a v e w o r n n o .
h e lm ; th e y t r e p a n n e d his h ea d a n d i t h e a l e d ; th e re w as n o
o n e t o tr e p a n S a m a d s a n d in a fe w d a s he d e a rt e d s i m p l
’
y p y ,
t hr o u g h t he w o u n d - 3
A m a zi n g ly u n se a s o n a b l e w a s th i s d e fe a t c o m i n g a s it did ,
j u s t in t he re s p it e fro m gu e r il la fi g hti n g a n d j u s t w h e n we ha d
r e g a i n e d t he c o u n try O n e o f o u r g re a t pr o p s Q a m b a r -a li
.
,
‘
Mug hiil (t he Ski n n e r) ha d g o n e t o his d i s tr ic t w h e n An dij an

66 . wa s o c c u pi e d a n d th e r e fo r e w as n o t with u s .
(8 T a m ba l
. a t t em p ts t o ta ke A n dijan .
)
H a vi n g e ffe c e t d much,
T a m b a l b ri n gi n g J ah an g i r M i rz a
so ,
w ith him , c a m e t o t he e a s t o f A n dij an a n d di s m o u n t e d 2 m i l e s
o ff, in t he m e a d o w lyi n g in fro n t o f t he H i l l o f P le a s ur e

1 a i ki a d c h
n a u ba t c hd p qd l d b bd s h chiqd rgh a l i qd i m d s . I c an n o t fe e l s o s u re
as Mr . E . an d M . de C . w e re t h a t t h e m an
'
s h ea d he ld f as t , es p e c ia ll y as fo r
ll w o l d m a k e t h b t t e r s t o ry
it t o f a u e e .
2
T aq a pp ea s t o h a v e b e n t h e o n o f a Ta g h ai p e rha p s o f Sh e rim his
a r e s .
‘
n a m e m a y i m p l y bl o o d - l a t i on s h ip re .
3 For t h
v e b wi m dq t o t r p an s ee f 6 7 n o t e 5
e r a
'
, e , . .
p o f 1 9 0 4 s h ew s a h i ll s u it in g B ab u r s lo c a t io n o f t his H il l o f
4 Th
e Fr ma
’
.
P lea u s re .
904 A H .
— AU G . 19 T H . 14 9 8 T O A U G . ST H . 149 9 A D . 10 7
O n c e o r twi c e he a dv a n c e d in b a ttl e -a r r a y p a s t C h ihil ,
1
du kht e r an t o t he t o w n s i d e o f t he hil l b u t a s o u r b ra v e s w e n t ,
o u t a r r a y e d t o fi g ht b e y o n d t he g a rd e n s a n d s u bu r b s he c o u ld
, ,
n o t a dv a n c e fu rth e r a n d r e t u r n e d t o t he o th e r s i d e o f t h e hill .
O n his fi r s t c o m i n g t o t h o s e p a r t s he kill e d t w o o f t he b e g s he
,
ha d c a pt u r e d M ir i m L ag ha r i a n d T fi q a B e g
, F o r n e a r ly a .
m o n th he la y r o u n d -a b o ut with o u t e ffe c ti n g a n ythi n g ; a ft e r

th a t he re tire d his fa c e s e t fo r Afi s h Afi s h ha d b e e n g iv e n t o
, .
I b r ah im S dr ii a n d his m a n in it n o w m a de it fas t .
1 A p la c e n ea r K ab u l b e a rs t h e s am e n a m e b
in o t h t h e n a m e i s e xp l
ai n e d
by a l e g en d t ha t t h e re E a rt h O p e n e d a re fu g e f o r f o rt y
m en a c e dd g
a u h t e rs .
1
9 05 A H . A U G 8 T H 14 9 9 . . TO J UL Y 28 T H . 15 00 A D .
( 2. B aba r
’
s c a m a ig n ag a inst
p A hma d T a mba l Mng hal ) .
C o m m i s sa ri e s w e re se n t g allo p p in g Off a t o n c e s o m e t o c a l l ,
up t he h o se a d
r n f oo t o f t h e di s tri c t -
arm ies o th e r s t o u r g e ,
r e tur n o n Q a m b a r -al i a n d wh o e v e r e l s e wa s a w a y in his o w n

‘
di s tri c t whil e e n e rge ti c p e o pl e w e r e t o l d o ff t o ge t t o ge th e r

,
m a n t e l e t s (tar a ) s h o v e l s a xe s a n d t he wh a t -n o t o f war-
, ,
m a t e ri al
a n d s t o r e s fo r t he m e n a l r e a dy w ith u s .
As s o o n a s t he h o rs e a n d fo o t c a l l e d up fr o m t he v a ri o u s ,
di s tri c t s t o j o i n t he a r m y a n d t he s o l di e rs a n d re t a i n e r s w ho
,
ha d b e e n sc a tt er e d t o thi s a n d th a t s i d e o n th e ir o w n a ffa i r s ,
w e re ga th e re d t o g e th e r I w e n t o u t o n M uha rra m 1 8 t h , , .
m i G d H
’
A
( g u u s t p u tt i n g y t r u s t n o t o a fi z B e g s F o u r ,
g a rd e n s a n d th e r e s t a y e d a f e w d a y s in o rd e r t o c o m pl e t e o ur
e quip m e n t Thi s d o n e w e fo rm e d up in a rr ay o f ri g ht a n d
.
,
l e ft c e n tre a n d v a n h o rse a n d fo o t a n d s t a rt e d d ire c t fo r Afi s h

, , ,
a g a i n s t o u r fo e .
O n a ppr o a c hi n g Afi sh n e w s w a s ha d th a t T a m b a l u n a b l e t o
, ,
m a k e s t a n d in th a t n e i g h b o u r h o o d ha d dra w n Off t o t he n o r th , ,
t o t h e - - -
R a b at i Sa r h an g s u b di s tri c t it w a s u n de r s t o o d Th a t .
,
n i ght we di s m o u n t e d in L at - ki n t N e xt day a s we w e r e p a s s i n g .
thro u g h Ali s h n e w s c a m e th a t T a mb a l w a s u n de r s t o o d t o h a v e
'
W
,
go n e t o A n dij an e fo r o u r p a rt m a r c h e d o n a s fo r Afi z ki n t ,
.
, ,
de t ac hi n g r a i d e r s a h e a d t o o v e r r u n th o s e p a rt s O u r o pp o n e n t s
- 2
.
w e n t t o An dij an a n d a t n i g ht g o t i n t o t h e dit c h b ut b e i n g dis

c o v e r e d b y t he g a rri s o n w h e n th e y s e t th e ir l a dd e r s u i t
p a g a n s
t he r a m p a rt s c o u l d e ff e c t n o m o r e a n d r e tir e d
, O u r r a id e r s .
1 E lp h MS f 4 7 6
. .
-i-B
. W
2 1 5 f 5 3 and 2 17 f 4 3
. . ems 70 . . M . p . .
2
F
r o m An dj
i an t o A fi s h i s a i t t e o e r 3 3 m i es l l v
T a mb a l s ro a w as e as t l .
’
d
o f B ab u r s an d
’
ace pl d b dj
hi m e t w e e n An i an an d A fi z k in t w h e r e w as t h e f o r c e
p ro t e c t in g
hi s f a m i ly .
F A R G H AN A
'
F r o m th e re w e w e n t t o U n jii-t il p a o n e o f t he v il l age s o f ,
Afi s h a n d th e r e di s m o u n t e d W h e n T amb al r e ti r e d fro m
~
.
,
An dij an a n d w en t i n t o t h e R a b a t -
i s a r h a n g s u b -
di s t r i c t h e ,
di s m o u n t e d in a vi lla ge c a l l e d Ab -i-kh an B e tw e e n him a n d .
m e m a y h a v e b ee n o n e y ig hdch ( 5 m P) At s u c h a ti m e as thi s . .
,
Q a mb a r -a li (t he Ski n n e r ) o n a c c o u n t o f s o m e s i c k n e s s w e n t
‘
,
i n t o Afi s h .
I t w a s l a i n in U njil -t il p a a m o n th o r fo r ty days w ith o u t a

'
b a ttl e b u t day a ft e r day o u r fo r a ge r s a n d th e i rs go t t o g r ip s

,
.
All thr o u g h t he ti m e o u r c a m p w a s m i g htily w el l w a t c h e d a t

n i ht ; a dit c h w a s d u g ; w h e r e n o d it c h w a s b r a n c h e s w e r e s e t
g ,
a d e o u r s o l d i e r s g o o u t in th e ir m a il
1
c l o s e t o e th e r ;
g w e a l s o m
a l o n g t he di t c h Sp it e o f s u c h w a t c h fu l n e s s a n i g ht -
. a l a r m wa s ,
g iv e n e v e ry t w o o r thr e e d a y s a n d t h e c ry t o a r m s w e
,
n t u p .
O n e da y wh e n S ayyid i B e g Ta gh ai ha d g o n e o u t w it h t he
fo ra g e rs t he e n e m y c a m e u p s u dd e n ly in g re a t e r s tr e n g th a n d
,
t o o k him pri s o n e r ri g ht o u t o f t he m i ddl e o f t he fig ht .
( 6 B d i-
.su ng ha r Mi r z a m u r der ed by K hu sr a u S hah ) .
Kh u s r a u Sh ah h a vi n g pl a n n e d t o le a d a n a r m y a ga i n s t B a lkh
.
, ,
in thi s s a m e ye a r i n vi t e d B ai -s u n g ha r M i rz a t o g o w ith him ,
bro u g ht him t o Q fi n dfi z a n d ro d e o u t w ith him fo r B a lkh

2
.
B ut wh e n th e y re a c h e d t he Au b aj fe rry th a t u n g ra t e fu l i n fi d e l , ,
Kh r u Sh h
u s a a in his a s pi r a ti o n t o s o v e r e i g n ty
,
— a n d t o wh a t ,
s o rt o f s o v e r e i g n t y p r a y c o ul d s u c h a n o -b o dy a tt a i n ? a pe r s o n
, ,
o f n o m e r it n o b irth n o l i n e a e n o j ud m e n t n o m a g n a n i m it
, g g , , y , ,
n o j u s ti c e n o le g a l -
, m i n d e d n e s s -la id h a n d s o n B ai -s u n gha r ,
M i rz a w ith his b e gs a n d b o w s tru n g t he M i rz a I t w a s up o n

, .
t he r o t h o f t h e m o n th o f M u ha r r a m ( Au g u s t 1 7 th ) th a t he
. .
m a rty re d th a t s c i o n o f s o v e r e i g n ty s o a c c o m pl i s h e d s o s w e e t , ,
n a tur e d a n d s o a d o r n e d b y b i r th a n d l i n e a e H ki l l d l
g e e a s o a .
fe w o f t he M i rz a s b e g s a n d h o u s e h o l d
’
( c. B d i -su ng ha r Mi rz a s bi r th
’
and descen t .
)
H e wa s b o rn in 8 8 2 ( 1 4 7 7 in t he H i sar d i s tri c t He .
was Sl . Mahm fi d M i rz a s s e c o n d s o n yo u n ge r th a n S l M a s u d
’
, .
‘
1 ha kh t d t d l d r i di p e r h a p s a p a lis a d e
s , .
2
i e f ro m Hisar w h e r e h e ha d pl a c e d him i n 9 0 3 A H
. .
.
9 05 A H .
— AU G . 8 11 1 14 9 9 . TO J U LY 2ST H . 15 00 A D .
M a n d o l d e r t h a n Sl Ali M a n d S I H u sa i n M a n d S l W a i s
. .
‘
. . . .
M k n o w n a s Kh an M irz a H is m o th e r w a s P a s h a B e gi m
. . . F o l 6 86
. .
( d H is . a
pp ea r a nce a n d cha r a cter is tics .
)
l a rg e e ye s a fl e s hy fa c e a n d T u r k m an fe a t u re s
H e ha d ,
1
, was
o f m iddl e h e i g ht a n d a lt o g e th e r a n e l e g a n t y o u n g m a n (a c t .
( e . H is qu a li ties and m a n ners ) .
j u s t hu m a n e pl e a s a n t -n a t u re d a n d a m o s t a e c o m
H e wa s , ,
l i h d f r e ig n t y H is t u t o r S a yyi d Ma h m ii d
2
p s e s c i o n o s o v
p e
r .
, ,
s u m a b ly w a s a Sh i a ; th r o u g h thi s h e h i m s e l f b e c a m e i n fe c t e d
‘
b y th a t h e r e sy P e o pl e s a id th a t l a tt e r ly in S a m a r k a n d b e
.
, ,
r e v e r t e d fr o m th a t e vi l b e l i e f t o t h e p u r e F a ith H e wa s m u c h .
:a dd i c t e d t o w i n e b u t o n his n o n - d r i n ki n g d a ys u s e d t o go ,
t h r o u g h t he P ra y e r s
3
H e w a s m o d e ra t e in g i ft s a n d l ib e ra l ity
. .
H e w r o t e t he n a shk-ta l iq c h a ra c t e r v e ry w e l l ; in p a i n ti n g a l s o
‘
h is h a n d w a s n o t b a d H e m a d e Adili h is p e n -n a m e a n d .
‘
c o m p o s e d g o o d v e r s e s b u t n o t s u ff i c i e n t t o fo r m a di wan H e re
fl
.
i s t he o p e n i n g c o u pl e t ( m a tla ) o f o n e o f th e m 4 ‘
L ik e a w a v e rin g s h a d o w I f al l h e r e an d t h e r e
If n o t p ro pp e d by a w a ll I d ro p a t o n t h e g r o u n d , .
In suc h re p u te a re his o des hel d in S a m a rk a n d th a t th e y , a re
t o b e fo u n d in m o s t h o u se s .
f . H is ba ttles ) .
H e fo u g ht t w o r a n ge d
wh e n he wa s b a ttl e s . O n e , fo u g ht
fi r s t s e a t e d o n t he th ro n e (9 0 0 A H -1 4 9 5 wa s w ith S l .
.
Ma hm ii d Kh an who i n c it e d a n d s ti rre d u p by S l J u n a i d
5
, .
B a r las a n d o th e r s t o d e s ir e S a m a r k a n d dr e w a n a rm y o u t , ,
c r o s s e d t he Aq -k u t a l a n d we n t t o R a b ag-i-S o g hd a n d Kan -b ai .
B ai -s u n g har M i rz a w e n t o u t fr o m S a m a rk a n d fou g ht him n e a r ,
1
qd ba yd z lii q (f 6 6 an d n o t e . T h e u r m an f e a t u r e s w o u b e a m a t e rn a T k ld l
«i n h e rit a n c e .
2 H
e is S ai f i
‘
M l
au an a A r fi z i o f Ri eu s e rs C a t 52 5 C f H S i i 34 1
’
P . . p . . . . .
b k
, .
H is o o
‘
A r d z -i -s a iji h a s e e n t r an s la t e
, b
B lo c h m an n an d a n kin d by by R g
f ro m t hi s (d e Me yn a r d s D
.
3
n a m az a d t d r i di u n e rs t an . I
s o m e i ro n d d ic t y ’
.
s n
. a d t mdq )
. .
4
p
T h e m a gla o f o e m s s e r e a s an in e o f r s t i n e s
‘
v d x fi l .
5 C
l 1 30 . . .
F A R G H AN A
Kan -b ai b e a t him a n d b e h e a d e d 3 o r 4 0 0 0 Mu ghfi ls In thi s

,
.
fi g ht di e d H a id a r t d lddsh t he Kh an s l o o s e r a n d bi n d e r
’
(h a ll u a
q )
di H‘
is s e c o n d b a ttl.e wa s fo u g ht n e a r B u kh ar a w ith
.
‘ -
S ] Ali M irz a ( 9 0 1 AH 1 4 9 6 AD ) in thi s he w a s b e a t e n 1
. . .
(g H is
. c ou n t r ies .
)
H is fa th e r , S l . Mahm fi d M i rz a
v e him B u kh ar a ; wh e n , g a
S ] M a hm ad M di e d his b e g s a s s e m b l e d a n d in a g r e e m e n t
. .
,
m a d e B ai -s u n gha r M r u l e r in S a m a rka n d F o r a t i m e B u kh ar a
. .
,
wa s i n c l u d e d w ith S a m a rk a n d in his j uri s di c ti o n b u t it w e n t

o u t o f h is h a n d s a ft e r t he T a rkh an r e b e l l i o n ( 9 0 1 A H - 1 49 6 .
W h e n he l e ft S a m a r k a n d t o go t o Khu s ra u Sh ah a n d I g o t
p o ss e s s i o n o f it (9 0 3 AH -1 4 9 7 Kh u s r a u Sh ah t o o k H i s ar an d
.
g a ve it t o him .
(h Other deta ils

. c on cer n ing him .
)
Hel e ft n o c hild H e t o o k a d a u g ht e r o f his p a t e r n a l u n c l e
.
,
S l Kh a l i l M i r z a wh e n he w e n t t o Kh u s r a u Sh ah ; he ha d n o
.
,
o th e r wi fe o r c o n c ubi n e .
H e n e v e r r u l e d with a u th o r ity s o i n d e p e n d e n t th a t a n y b e g
was h e a r d o f a s pr o m o t e d by him t o b e his c o n fid a n t ; his b e g s
w e re j u s t th o s e o f his fa th e r a n d his p a t e r n a l u n c l e ( Ahm a d) .
(i R esu med f B aba r s c a m a ig n ag a ins t

p T a mba l
’
. a ccou n t o .
)
Aft e r
’
M i rz a s d e a th S l Ahm a d Qa r d wa l t he
B ai -s u n g h ar , .
,
2
'
fa th e r o f Q i1c h ( Q iij) B e g s e n t u s w o r d (o f his i n t e n t i o n ) a n d ,
c a m e t o u s fr o m H i sar th r o u g h t h e Q a r a- t igi n c o u n try t o g e th e r ,
with his b re thren e ld e r a n d yo u n g e r a n d th e i r fa m il i es a n d

, ,
d e p e n d a n t s F r o m Afi s h t o o c a m e Q a m b a r - a li r i s e n fro m h is
.
‘
,
.
s i c kn ess A rrivi n g a s i t did a t s u c h a m o m e n t w e t o o k t he

.
, , ,
p r o vid e n ti a l h e l p o f S l Ahm a d a n d his p a r ty fo r a h a ppy o m e n

. .
N ext da y we fo r m e d u p a t d awn a n d m o ve d di r e c t u p o n o u r '
fo e H e m a de n o s t a n d a t Ah i kh an b u t m a rc h e d fro m h is
.
- - .
1
C f f 37 6 . . .
2
i e s c o u t an d in t im es o f e a c e h u n t s m a n
. . p
On t h e m a r in o f t h e E lp h , . g .
Cd x
o e d
h e re s t an s a n o t e , m u t i a t e in r e in in — Sl A mad
h p i d rl-i - ii c h
Q d b d g .
B eg a s t 4 -i -She r -a S -a a n u 5 1 H u s a i n K hd n
p i ar fga n u h e r fg .
Q ii ch B eg a s t H a m es ha . d a r khan a S h a ha m K hd n
F A R G H AN A .
- h - -r i ver s
j . B abur g oes in to win ter q ua r t er s i n B et ween -t e t wo .
)
1
As it wa s l m o s t wi n t e r a n d n o g ra i n o r fr u it s re m a i n e d
n ow a ,
in t he o p en c o u n t ry i t w a s n o t th o u g ht d e s ir a b l e t o m o v e
,
a g a i n s t ( T a mb a l in ) Aii z ki n t b u t r e t u r n w as m a d e t o An dij an .
A fe w d a y s l a t e r i t wa s s e ttl e d a ft e r c o n s u lt a ti o n th a t fo r u s
, ,
t o wi n t e r in t he t o w n w o u l d in n o w a y hurt o r h a m p e r t he
e n e m y ra th e r th a t he w o u ld w a x
,
t he s tr o n ge r b y it thr o u gh
r a id s a n d g u e ril l a fi g ht i n g ; m o r e o v e r o n o u r o wn a c c o u n t it , ,
w a s n e c e s s a ry th a t w e s h o ul d w i n t e r wh e r e o u r m e n w o u ld n o t
b e c o m e e n fe e bl e d thr o u g h w a n t o f g ra i n a n d wh e r e w e c o u l d
s t r a it e n t he e n e m y b y s o m e s o rt o f bl o c k a d e F o r th e s e de .
s i r a bl e e n d s w e m a r c h e d o u t o f A n d ij an m e a n i n g t o wi n t e r ,
'
r Ar m i a n a n d N il s h -a b in t h e R a b a t ik - a fi r c hi n i k n o w n
n ea y ,
a l s o a s B e tw e e n - t he -t w o -r iv e r s O n a r rivi n g in t he t wo vi l l a ge s
.
b v -m ti d w pr p r d wi t r - u rt r
a o e e n o n e e e a e ,
n e q a e s .
T he h u n ti n g -g r o u n d s a re go o d in th a t n e i g h b o u r h o o d ; in t he
-
'
j u n g l e n e a r t he Ai lais h r iv e r is m u c h brig hii ma r a l a n d p ig ; t he

2
s m a l l s c a tt e r e d c lu m p s o f j u n g l e a r e thi c k with h a r e a n d
-
ph e a s a n t ; a n d o n t he n e a r ri s i n g g r o u n d a re m a n y fo xe s o f 3
,
fi n e c o l o u r a n d s wi ft e r th a n th o s e o f a n y o th e r pl a c e W hil e .
w e w e r e in th o s e q u a rt e r s I u s e d t o ri d e h u n ti n g e v e ry t wo o r
,
th r e e d ay s we w o u l d b e a t th ro u g h t he g re a t j u n g l e a n d h u n t
bdg hii m ar d l o r w e w o u l d w a n d e r a b o ut m a ki n g a c ir c l e r o u n d
-
, ,
s c a tt e r e d c l u m p s a n d flyi n g o u r h a wk s a t t he ph e a s a n t s T he .
ph e a s a n t s a r e u n l i m it e d th e re ; ph e a s a n t -m e a t wa s a b u n d an t
4
a s l o n g a s w e w e r e in th o s e q u a r t e r s .
W hil e we w e re th e r e Kh u d ai -b i rd i n hchi t h e n n e wly , ,
fa v o u re d with b e g s r a n k fe l l o n s o m e o f T a mb a l s r a id e r s a n d
’ ’
b r o u g ht in a fe w h e a d s O u r b ra v e s w e n t o u t a l s o fr o m A fi s h
.
a n d A n dij an a n d r a id e d u n ti r i n g ly o n t he e n e m y d r ivi n i h is
g n ,
fl
1
t d ld k ; i . e .fo o t h an
o t her r a in d ru it g
f r es h o r re s e r e . F , p v d b ein g a ,
p r in c i a p l c o n s t it u e n t o f f o o in e n t ra d C
A s ia t d l d k w i in c u e s e l , ll l d ve ra l b u t ,
c hi e fly l
m e ons . l
L es m e o n s c o n s t it u e n t res u e s eu s
q e rs l e fi n p l v d et e la ’
,
n o u rri t u r e d e s c a s s e s l p
a u r e s (T h R a d lo v l o . . . . p .
2
Cf 6 b and n o t e
. .
3 t
d i v a r t d lkd t h e . e o w fo x, y ll
o l o w in t h is w o r . F l
t h e H a i MS ha s g d . .
i t d a r k m i n d ii r i n s t e a
a o f u r a n gi n dd r d .
4
b i ha d d w it h w hi c h 2 1 5 a r e es b u t I D 2 17 a g
s fa r b i h f a t w hi c h . dd , ,
g l p
i s r i h t in f a c t (1 2 6 ) b u t e s s e rt in en t h e re t h an an u n i m it e
.
q u an t it l d y .
9 05 A H .
-
AU G . ST H . 14 99 1 0 J U LY 28 T H . 15 00 A D .
h e r ds of ho rs e s
b l i n g him If t he wh o le w i n t e r
and m uc h e n fe e
‘
ha d b e e n p a s se d in th o s e q u a r t e r s t he m o r e p ro b a b l e th i n g is ,
F ol 7 15
t h a t h e wo uld h a v e b r o k e n u p s i m ply w ith o ut a fi gh t .
( Q
h -
a mba r a l i a a in
‘
a shs le a ve )
.
g .
It was t i m e j u s t w h e n o u r fo e wa s g ro w i n g w e ak
at suc h a ,
a n d h e lpl e s s th a t Q am b a r -a li a s k e d l e a v e t o g o t o his di s tri c t

‘
.
,
T he m o r e he w a s d i s s u a d e d b y r e m i n d e r o f t he pr o b a bil it i e s o f
t he p o s iti o n t he m o r e s t u pidity he s h e w e d
, A n a m a zi n g ly .
fi c kl e a n d v ee r i n g m a n iki n h e w a s ! I t h a d t o b e ! L e a v e fo r
h is di s tri c t w a s g iv e n h im T h a t di s tri c t ha d b e e n Kh uj a n d .
fo r m e r ly b u t wh e n An dij an w a s t a k e n thi s l a s t ti m e As fa r a ,
a n d Ka n d - i-b a d am w e r e g iv e n him in a dditi o n Am o n g s t o u r .
b e g s he w a s t he o n e w ith l a rge di s t r i c t s a n d m a n y fo ll o w e rs ;
W
,
n o- o n e s l a n d o r fo ll o wi n g e q u a l l e d his e had b e e n 4 0 o r 5 0
’
.
d a ys in th o s e wi n t e r -qu a rt e r s At his r e c o m m e n d a t i o n l e a v e
W
.
,
w a s g iv e n a l s o t o s o m e o f t he c l a n s in t he a r m y e fo r o u r .
,
a rt w n t i n t o A n dij an
p e ,
.
(l . Sl . Ma hmiid K han sen ds Mughills t o help T a mba l .

)
B o th w e re in o u r wi n t e r -qu a r t e r s a n d l a t e r o n in
w h il e w e
T a mb a l s p e o pl e c a m e a n d w e n t u n c e a s i n g ly b e tw e e n
’
A n dij an ,
h im a n d T he Kh an in T as hki n t H is p a t e r n a l u n c l e o f t he full .
b l o o d Ahm a d B e g w a s g ua r d i a n o f T he Kh an s s o n S l
’
.
, , ,
M u ha m m a d S I a n d hi g h in fa v o ur ; h is e ld e r b ro th e r o f t he
.
f u ll -b l o o d B e g T i l b a ( F o o l ) w a s T h e Kh an s L o r d o f t he G a t e
’
.
, ,
A ft e r a ll t he c o m i n g s a n d g o i n g s th e s e t w o b r o u g ht T he Kh an ,
t o t he p o i n t o f r e i n fo r c i n g T am b al B e g T i l b a l e a vi n g h is wi fe .
,
a n d d o m e s ti c s a n d fa m ily in T as hki n t c a m e o n a h e a d o f t he ,
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y o u n g e r b r o th e r T a mba l B e g , ,
—
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1 H e re a m b read
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p u n o n a j b a y e a .
F A R G H AN A
w e n t o u t o n e da y a ft e r a fe w m a r a u d e r s c r o s s e d t he Kh uj a n d ,
w a t e r by B ac hrat a m e t in w ith a fe w o f T a m b a l s m e n a n d ,
’
wa s m a d e p r i s o n e r .
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a ss u r e d o f T h e Kh an s h e lp b y t h e a r r iv a l o f h is b r o th e r B e g
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t o u s fr o m K as an th a t T he Kh an ha d a pp o i n t e d h is s o n S l , .
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di s m o u n t e d wit h t he fo rt b e hi n d him .
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.
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o n t he Akhs i s i d e o f t he Kh uj an d -w a t e r w e re t o d e p e n d o n
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, ,
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Akhs i w a s g iv e n t o J a h an gi r a n d I b e t o o k m yse l f t o An dij an .
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,
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n i o n s o f t he g u e ril l a d a y s a n d t i m e s o f h a r d s hip F i rs t h e
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o u t o f m o d es ty a n d b a s h fu l n e s s I c o u l d n e v e r l o o k s tr a i g ht a t ,
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s e rvi c e t o m y s e l f ?
2
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. .
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2
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F A R G H AN A
At t he ti m e T he Kh an h a d j o i n e d t o Kh an M i rz a a n u m b e r
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’
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’
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Mu ghfi l a rm y m o ve d t o n e a r S ha v dar th e re s a w t he M i rz a
, , .
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,
t he Mu ghii ls ; t he l a tt e r i n d e e d s e e m t o h a v e th o u g ht o f m a ki n g
him a p r i s o n e r O f th i s he a n d his b e gs c o m i n g t o k n o w
.
,
s e p a ra t e d th e m s e lv e s fro m t he Mu g hfi l a r m y As with o ut him .
t he M g ii s
u h l c o u l d m a k e n o s t a n d th e y r e tir e d H e re -up o n ,
.
,
S l Ali M i rz a h u rri e d l i g ht o u t o f S a m a r k a n d with a fe w m e n

.
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a n d c a u g ht th e m u p wh e r e th e y h a d d i s m o u n t e d in Yar - yi l aq .
Th e y c o u l d n o t e v e n fi g ht b u t w e r e r o u t e d a n d p u t t o fl i g ht .
Th i s d e e d d o n e in his l a s t d ays w a s S l Ali M i rz a s o n e go o d

, , .
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l ittl e a ffa i r .
Mu h M a z i d T a r kh an a n d his p e o pl e d e s p a i rin g b o th o f t he
M u gh al s a n d o f th e s e M i rz as s e n t Mi r Mu ghl l l s o n o f A b d u l ~
.
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wa hh ab S hag hd wa l t o i n vit e m e ( t o S a m a rk a n d ) Mi r Mu g hii l

2
.
h a d a l r e a dy b e e n in m y s e rvi c e ; h e ha d r i s k e d h is l i fe in g o o d
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w e n t s tra i g ht o n th e r e fo r e O n e re a s o n w a s th a t a s fo r t he .
,
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.
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.
fu rth e r r e a s o n w a s th a t t he S a m a rk a n d b e gs u n d e r Mu h M a zi d ,
.
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'
c a pit al s u c h a s S a m a r k a n d s t o o d th e r e wh a t w o ul d i n c l i n e a ,
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his s o n Q i1c h B e g a n d o n e o r t wo o f his b r e thr e n o l de r a n d
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.
in M a h a n b y Spl e n di d c h a n c e j u s t a s if t o a r e n d e zv o u s Q as i m
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f at h er s bg e s n o w w it h him in Sa m a r an
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Q as i m with a la rge b o dy o f b ra v e s e r o d e fr o m M ah a n b y . W
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,
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Kh j d A kh i rd r d i r m y -m tt r ith h im
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2
,
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,
m a rc h e d a g a i n s t his d i s t r i c t a n d c a r ri e d him a l o n g H e re t he .
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’
( u r i ) o e t s ,
with s tr a w W hil e Q amb a r -a li w as b e i n g m a d e t o go t o

.
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r e a c h e d A11r a ti p a .
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T a r kh an in D a b fi si a n d w a s m o vi n g o n B ukh ara e we n t . W
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f A l i dost .
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)
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ar ,
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. .
w a s h e l d with th e m a s t o d e t a il s fo r t a ki n g t he t o w n ; th ey s a i d ,
‘
Kh waj a Y ahya a l s o is w i s h i n g fo r t he p adshah ; w ith his 4
c o n s e n t t he t o w n m a y b e ha d ea s i ly with o ut fi g hti n g o r dis
T he Khw aj a d i d n o t s a y d e c i d e dly t o o u r
’
t u rb a n c e .
m e ss e n g e r s th a t he ha d r e so lv e d t o a d m it u s t o t h e t o w n b ut a t
t he s a m e t i m e h e s a i d n o thi n g l ik e ly t o l e a d u s t o d e s p a i r
, .
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, i- h am
g
( c a n a l ) a n d f r o m th e r e s e n t o u r l i b r ar i a n Khw aj a Mu ha m m a d ,
‘
Ali t o Kh waj a Y ahya H e b r o u g ht w o r d b a c k
. L e t th e m ,
‘
c o m e ; w e w i l l g iv e th e m t he t o w n
’
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fr o m t he D a r-i-g h a m s tr a i g ht fo r t h e t o w n a t n i g ht -fa l l b ut , ,
1
Po in t t o p o in t s o m e 9 0 m b u t f u r t h e r b y r o a d
, . .
2 B
it waq i b iilghd ch m a n i f e s t l y i ro n i c a l
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. .
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(A fiz beg) , in h er ig n o r a n c e an d fo l ly , h a d
r tl y writt e n t o sec e
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s h o uld g iv e h im S a m a rk a n d a n d th a t w h e n Sh a i b ani ha d t a k e n
‘
f th r try h h l d iv h u t 1
’ ’
( he r s o n s ) a e s c o u n e s o u g e e
, r s o n a c o n ry .
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w ill h a v e b e e n t h e tr a it o r i n v e n ti n g it .
1 Mu h Sali h s
. ll -in fo rm e d a c c o u n t o f t his e p iso d e ha s m u c h in t ere s t
’
we ,
fn
i out an d a s by Sh a ib an i s B o s w ll
, b a l an c in g B ab u r s B abu r is
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e ,
’
.
o b c re a b o u t w h a t c o u n t r y w as t o b e gi v e n t o P ayan d a -has an p ara

‘
s u A li . .
p h as es hi s b ri f w o r d — Sh ai b an i w a s t o b e a s a f a t h er t o A li an d wh en h e
r e s
‘
h ad t a k en A l i s f a t h s wi ldy d t h e w as t o g i v e a c o u n t r y t o
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an c s t ra l c a m p i g -
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n r e , , ,
wi ldy t c u l t i v a t e d l an d
a , .
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15 01 A D
1
.
( a . S a ma r kand in the han ds f ) o t he A fi z begs .
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,
’
we n t t o S a m a rk a n d he di s m o u n t e d in t he G a r d e n o f t he P la in
,
b t i -da y 8 1 Ali M i rz a w e n t o u t t o h im th r o u g h t he
‘
A ou m d .
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,
l i -
'
il b
m a e d ra e s v with ou t t a ki n g c o u n s e w t
,
h a n
y o n e s o e v e r a nd
a c c o m p a n i e d o n ly b y a fe w m e n o f l ittl e c o n s i d e r a ti o n f r o m h is
o w n c l o s e c i rc l e T he Kh an fo r his p a rt d id n o t r e c e iv e him
. , ,
v e ry fa v o u ra bly ; wh e n th e y ha d s e e n o n e a n o th e r he s e a t e d ,
2
him o n his l e s s h o n o u ra bl e h a n d Khw aj a Ya hya o n h e a r i n g .
,
o f t he M i rz a s d e p a r t u r e b e c a m e v e ry a n xi o u s b u t a s he c o u l d
’
fi n d n o r e m e dy w e n t o u t a l s o
3
T he Kh an l o o k e d a t him with
,
.
o u t r i s i n g a n d s a id a fe w w o r d s in w hi c h bl a m e h a d p a r t b u t ,
wh e n t he Khw aj a r o se t o l e a v e s h o w e d him t he r e s p e c t ,
o f r is in g
’
“
.
Ali B ay 5 - l h e a r d in R a b at
Khw aj a J
’ ‘
As so o n as s so n , an a i ,
E lp MS f 5 7 b ;
1
.
-
. i -B . W
2 1 5 f 6 3 b an d . . 2 17 f 52 em s 82
. . M . p . .
T wo co n t em o ra r w o r s he re su p y k
em en t t he B N ( )
1 t h e ( T a wpp l
d n k h -i .
'
g u z i d a ) N a g r a t -n ci m a a t e 9 0 8 A
‘
H ( E M
, d d u r i O r 3 2 2 2 ) o f w h i c h. B e r e z in s
. . T k .
’
S ha i ban i -n a m a i s an a r i
‘ ‘
m en t ( )
2 M b dg
u h s am g i r z a s S h a i b d n i -n ci m a . M ’ ‘
( Va m b éry t rs c a p x ix et . T h e H S (Bo m
. ed 30 2 an d e h ran e d . . b . . p .
, T .
fl
3 84 ) i s a s o u s e f u l l .
2
i e o n hi s r i h t
. . g
T h e H S 11 30 2 r e r e s e n t s t h a t A l i w a s w e -r e c e i e
. .
‘
. , p ll v d .
A f t e r Sh a ib aq h a d h a d Zu hr a s o e r t u r e s h e s e n t a n e n o t o A l i a n d
’ ‘
v ah a , v y Y y
t he fi ll
rs t w a s n o t w o n o e r b u t t h e s e c o n fe v
in w i t h hi s m o t h e r s s c h e m e d ’
.
T xp l
hi s d i e r e n c e o f vi e w e l pp d y ain s w h y
‘
Al i s i e awa w hi e ah a wa s l Y y
g gd
en a e F d yM
in t h e ri a l k ly o squ e It s e e m s i e t ha t m o t h e r a n d s o n a i e
. lk
exp de ct e bl d d
t h eir A fi z b eg g doo d t o s t an t h e m in o o s t e a w it h Sh a i b aq
“
.
3 H
d v ly
e t rie a ind d d W ld
t o g e t t h e t o wn e fen e ou t o Go d B a u r ir z a . b M
p d y g by l
w e r e h e r e I h e 13 r e o rt e a s s a i n
”
Mu h S a i h , . .
P4
p pl y d
e r h a s it i s f o r t h e a l o f wo r s on
‘
A l i a nd A l i 3 i f e (ya n ) t h a t t h is
‘ ’
k l pp
m an m a e s hi s s o e a e a ra n c e h ere .
5 i e ri c h m
. . v l
an o r m e r c h an t b u t B i (i n fr a ) i s an e q u i a en t o f B e
, g .
127
F A RG H AN A
i-khw aj a M irz a s g o i n g t o S h a i b an i Kh an he a l s o w e n t
of t he
’
, .
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’
, ,
F o l 8 06
. .
h o u se a n d p o s s e s s i o n s t o t he wi n d s in o rd e r t o ge t h e rs e l f a
h u s b a n d Sh a i b an i Kh an c a r e d n o t o n e a t o m fo r he r i n d e e d
, ,
did n o t r e ga r d he r a s t he e q u a l o f a m i s tr e s s o r a c o n c u b i n e 1
.
C o n fo u n d e d by his o w n a c t S l A li M i rz a s r e p e n t a n c e w a s ,
.
‘ ’
e xtr e m e S o m e o f his c l o s e c irc l e a ft e r h e a r i n g p ar ti c u l a r s

.
, ,
pl a n n e d fo r him t o e s c a p e w ith th e m b u t t o thi s he w o u l d

n o t a g r e e ; his h o u r h a d c o m e ; h e w a s n o t t o b e fr ee d He .
ha d d i s m o u n t e d in T i m ur S u l tan s q u a r t e r s ; thre e o r fo ur d ay s
’
2
l a t e r th e y kill e d him in P l o u gh m e a d o w
- F o r a m a tt e r o f thi s .
fi v e -d a y s m o rt a l l ife he d i e d wi th a b a d n a m e ; h a vi n g e n t e r e d
’
,
i n t o a w o m a n s a ffa ir s he w ithd re w hi m s e l f fr o m t he c i r c l e o f
’
m e n o f go o d re p u t e O f s u c h p e o pl e s d o i n g s n o m o r e s h o u l d
’
.
b e w r itt e n ; o f a c t s s o s h a m e fu l n o m o r e s h o u l d b e h e a r d , .
T he M i rz a h a vi n g b e e n kil l e d Sh a i b an i Kh an s e n t J an -a li ,
‘
a ft e r h is M i r z a H e ha d a ppr e h e n s i o n s a l so a b o ut Khw aj a
.
Ya hya a n d th e re fo re di s m i s s e d him with his t w o s o n s Khw aj a , ,
Mu h Z a k a riya a n d Khw aj a B aqi t o w a r d s Kh u ras an

.
3
A fe w , .
Afi z b e g s fo l l o w e d th e m a n d n e a r Khw aj a Kardz a n m a r t yre d

b o th t he Khw aj a a n d his t wo yo u n g s o n s Th o u g h S ha ib an i s .
’
F ol 8 1. .
w o r d s w e r e N o t t hr o u g h m e t he Khw aj a s a ffa ir Q a mb a r B i?
,
’
a n d K ap u k B i di d it thi s is wo r s e th a n th a t ! Th e re is a
’
,
pro v e r b 4
H is e x c u s e is w o rs e th a n his fa u l t fo r if b e gs o u t
’
, , , ,
o f th e ir o w n h e a d s s t a rt s u c h d e e d s u n k n o w n t o th e ir Kh an s
, ,
o r P ad s h ah s wh a t b e c o m e s o f t he a uth o rity o f khan s hi a d

, p n
a n d s o v e r e i n ty ?
g
(b 3 62a
. lea ves K esh a n d cr osses the M12m p ass ) .
S i n c e t he Afi z b e gs w e re in p os s e s s i o n o f S a m a r k a n d w e l e ft ,
K e s h a n d w e n t in t he di re c t i o n o f H i s ar W i th u s s t a rt e d o ff
“
1 Mu h sali b
. , in vo kin g c u rs es o n s u c h a m o t h e r m e n t io n s t h a t Zu h ra w a s
, .
gi ven to a p e rs o n
h e r o w n s o rt of .
2 T h e Sh N
an d N a s r a t -
. u dma . at t em pt to lif t t h e b la me o f A li s d ea t h ‘ ’
f ro m Sh aib aq ; t h e s e co n s a in d y g t ha t h e f e ll i t o t h e K o hik -w a t e r w h e n
n
d ru n k .
3 H a rat m i h t b e his g d
e s t in a t io n b u t t h e H S n a m es . . M kka a. So m e
d l
is mi ss a s t o w a r s d K
h u ra s an m a y im i ri m a e t o e s hh e p l y p lg g M d .
U d l
se a so by b
B a u r s a u ht e r G u l a an ( c f
’
d g , b d l . . .
F A R G H AN A
Ne ws c a me th a t I b rah i m T a r kh an had: s t re n g th e n e d F o rt
Sh i raz a n d wa s s e a t e d in it ; a l s o th a t Q a m b a r -a l i (t he Ski n n e r) f
and A b n l -q as i m K ohbnr t he la t t e r n o t b e i n g a b l e t o s t a y in
’
,
Khw aj a D i d ar wit h t he Afi z b e g s in S a m a r ka n d —had b o t h ,
c om e i t Y a r - i la s t r e n g th e n e d it s l o w e r fo rt s a n d o c c u p i e d
n o y q ,
th e m .
L e a vi n g F a n o n o u r ri g ht we m o v e d o n fo r Ke sht u d ,
T he .
h e a d-ma n o f F a n ha d a r e put a ti o n fo r ho s p it al i ty g e n e ro s it y , ,
s e rvi c e a b l e n e s s a n d ki n d n e s s H e ha d g iv e n t r i b u t e o f 7 0 o r
.
8 0 h o r s e s t o SI M a s ud M i rz a a t t he t i m e t he M i rz a w h e n
‘
.
,
S l H u sa i n M i rz a m a d e a tt a c k o n H i s ar w e nt thr o u g h F an o n
.
,
his w ay t o his yo u n ge r b r o th e r B ai¢ s u n gha r M i rz a in S a m ar ,

,
k a n d H e di d l ik e s e rvi c e t o o th e rs T o m e he se n t o n e
. .
e
s c o n d - r a t e h o r s e ; m o r e o v e r h e d i d n o t w a it o n m e h i m se l f
S o i t w a s ! Th o se r e n o w n e d f o r l ib e ral ity b e c a m e m i s e r s wh e n
th ey ha d t o do with m e a n d t he p o l it e n e ss o f t he p o l it e w as
,
fo rg o tt e n Khu s rau S h a h wa s c e l e b ra t e d for l ibe ra l ity a n d

.
n n r -
ki d e s s wh a t se vi c e he d id B a d i u z z a m a n M i rz a ha s b e e n ‘ ’
m e n ti o n e d t o B a qi T a rkh a n a n d o th e r b e gshe sh ew e d g r e a t
,
g e n e r o s ity a l s o T wi c e .I h a pp e n e d t o
p as s thr o u g h h is .
n o t t o s p ea k o f c o u r t e s y s he wn t o m y p e e r s w h a t he
1
c o u n tr y ; ,
s he wed t o m l o w e s t s e r v a n t s he d id n o t s h e w t o m e in d e e d
y ,
he s h e w e d l e s s r e ga rd fo r u s th a n fo r th e m .
( T u ri n) Wh o , 0 m y h ea rt ha s s e en go o d n e ss f ro m wo r l d lin gs
Lo o k n o t fo r g o o d n e ss f rom hi m w ho h as n o n e.
U n d e r t he i m pre s s i o n th a t t he Afi z b e gs w e re in Ke s ht fi d we ,
m a d e a n e xc ur s i on t o it a ft e r p a s s i n g F an O f it se l f it s e e m e d
W
.
,
t o h ave go n e t o ru i n ; n o - o n e se e m ed t o b e o c c u p i n g i t
y e .
w e n t o n t o t he b a n k o f t he K o hik -w a t e r (Za r-a fs h an ) a n d th e r e

di s m o u n t e d F r o m th a t pl a c e w e s e n t a fe w b e g s u n d e r
.
Q as i m a hi n t o s u r p r i se R a b at -i-khw aj a th a t d o n e w e ,
c r o ss e d t he r iv e r b y a b r id g e fro m o pp o s it e Yé ri we n t thr o u g h
'
~
,
Y i l
d o v e r t he S h u n q r kh a a ( F c o n s h o me ) r a n ge i nt o
’
a r a n a n a
Ya r -y i la q O ur b e gs w e n t t o R a b a t 1 kh waj a a n d ha d s e t u p
.
l a dd e rs wh e n t he m e n w ith i n c a m e t o kn o w a b o ut th e m a nd
1 T he s ec o n d o c cas io n w as w h e n h e c ro s s e d f ro m Sfi kh f o r Ka bu l m 9 10 a n .
( fol .
906 A H .
— J U LY 28 m . 15 00 T O J U LY 171 3 . 15 01 A D .
fo r c e d th e m ‘
to re tir e . As th ey -
co ul d n ot
'
t a k e t he fo rt , th ey
r ej o i n e d u s .
( 0
. B abu r r en ews a ttac k on S a m a r kan d)
Q a m b a r -a li (t he S ki n n e r)
‘
w a s (s til l ) h o l di n g S a n gz ar ; h e
c a m e a n d s a w us ; Ab fi l-q as im ~ K ohba r a n d I br ah i m T a r kh an
’
s h o w e d lo y a l ty a n d a tt a c h m e n t b di m n fo r
Ww
y s e n ng e
o ur ’
s e r v ic e t i n t o As f idik (v a r A s fi n dik) o n e o f t he
. e en .
,
Yar-yi laq vil l a ge s At th a t t i m e S ha ib aq Kh an lay n e a r

.
K h w aj a D i d ar w ith 3 o r 4 0 0 0 Afi z b e g s a n d as m a n y m o r e
s o l di e r s g a th e r e d in l o c a l ly H e h a d g iv e n t he G o v e rn m e n t o f .
S a m a rk a n d t o J an -w a fa a n d f ja n - w a fa w a s th e n in t he fo rt ,
.
w ith 5 0 0 o r 6 0 0 m e n H a m z a S I a n d M a hd i S l w e r e l y i ng . .
’
n e ar t he f o rt in t he Qu a i l - r e se rv e O u r m e n g o o d a n d b a d
'
.
, ,
w e re 2 40 .
F ol 8 3
. .
H av i n gd i sc u sse d t he p o s iti o n with a ll m y b e g s a n d u n m a iled ‘
b r a v e s w e l e ft i t a t thi s
,
- ~
th a t a s Sh a i b an i Kh an ha d t a k e n
p o ss e s s i o n o f S a m ar k a n d s o r e c e n tly t h e S a m a r ka n di s w o u l d ,
n o t b e a tt a c h e d t o h im n o r h e t o th e m ; th a t if w e m a d e a n
e ffo rt a t o n c e w e m i ht do t he th i n g ; th a t if we s e t l a dd e r s up
g ,
a n d t o o k t h e fo rt b y s u rpri s e t he S a m a rka n di s w o u l d b e fo r
‘
u s ; ho w s h o u l d th e y n o t b e ? e ve n if th e y g a ve u s n o h e lp “
,
t h e y w o u ld n o t fi g ht u s fo r t he Afi z b e gs ; a n d th a t S a m a r k a n d
' - .
o n c e in o u r h a n d s wh a t e v e r w as G o d s w il l w o ul d h a p p e n
’
.
, , ,
A c ti n g o n thi s d e c i s i o n w e r o d e o u t o f Yar yi laq a ft e r t he ,

. p
Mid- f da
y P ra y e r a n d o n t hr o u g h t he d,a r k t ill f m idz n i ht w h e n
g . .
w e re a c h e d Kh an - y fi r t i H e r e w e ha d w o rd t ha t t he S a m a r .
,
f J
k an d is k n e w o f o u r c o m i n g fo r thi s r e a s o n we w e n t n o n e a r e r
'
-
t o t he t o w n b u t m a d e s t ra ight b a c k fr o m - Kh an-yfi rt i I t wa s '
.
d a w n w h en a ft e r c r o s s i n g t he K o h ik -w a t e r b e l o w R a b at -
, i;
k hw aj a we w e r e o n c e m o r e in -
, Y ar- i
y q la .
O n e day in F o rt A s f i dik a ho u s e h o ld p art y/ w as s it t ing in m y

.
_
l
'
- - -
'
D t i a ir d N a 1
K nkfi ld h d K ha q l i
'
p r e s e n c e ; o s n s a n u
y n a s a n n u
:i -K a ri m - dad a n d Sh a ikh D ar wes h and Miri m- imagin were a ll ,
t h e re Wo rds we r e c ro s s i n g fro m all s ides : w he n ( I : s a id ) ,

. .
C o m e n o w ! s a y wh e n if G o d b ri n g it r ig ht h we s hall jt a ke , .
F o l 8 30
. .
1
Thi s -n a m e a ppe ars t o ind icat e a C o m m an d o f
.
(B ret s chn e id er s
‘
’
Me dz aev a l R es ea re he s , i
-
’
,
a 1
F A RG H AN A
S a m a rk a n d S o m e sa i d
.
’
e s h a l l t a k e i t in t h e h e a t s
,
It
‘
W ’
.
’
th t i t m O th id I m th F rt y ‘
W
w a s e n l a e n a u u n e r s s a n a o n . o , ,
T w ty d N y a K fi k fi ld h id h l l ‘
’
’
d y ,
a s
’
e n
‘
a y s u n a s .s a e s a ,
t a k e it in I 4 G o d s h e w e d h im ri g ht ! w e di d t a k e i t in
’
.
e x ac t ly 1 4 d a y s .
J u s t a t th a t ti m e I ha d a w o n de r fu l dr e a m — H is H i g h n e s s
Khw aj a U b a id l-lah (A kr ani) s ee m e d t o c o m e ; I s e e m e d t o
‘ ’
g o o u t t o g iv e h im h o n o u r a b l e m e e ti n g ; he c a m e in a n d se a t e d
h i m s e l f ; p e o p le s e e m e d t o la y a t a b l e -c l o th b e fo re him ,
a pp a r e n tly with o u t s u ffi c i e n t c a r e a n d o n a c co u n t o f thi s , ,
s o m e thi n g s e e m e d t o c o m e i n t o h is H i g h n e s s Khw aj a s m i n d .
M u ll a B aba P a shag ha r ? ) m a d e m e a Si gn ; I s i g n e d b a c k ,
N o t thro u g h m e ! t h e t a bl e -l aye r is in fa u l t ! T he Khw aj a

‘ ’
1
W h e n he ro se I
'
u n d e rs t o o d and a c c e pt e d t he e x c u s e .
,
e sc o r t e d him o u t In t he h a l l o f t h a t h o u s e h e t o o k h o l d o f
.
e ith e r m y ri g ht o r le ft a r m a n d l i ft e d m e up t i l l o n e o f m y fe e t
wa s o ff t he gr o u n d s a yi n g in T u r k i Sh a ikh M a sl a ha t has
, , ,
‘
g iv e n I r e a l ly t o o k S a m a r k a nd a fe w d a ys
la t e r .
a m a r ka n d b p r ise )
( d B
. abu r ta kes S y su r .
In t w o thre e d a ys m o ve wa s m a d e fr o m F o rt As f idik t o
W
or
Fo rt asm a n d A lth o u g h b y o u r fi r s t a ppr o a c h w e ha d le t

.
,
o u r pl a n b e k n o wn w e p u t o u r tru s t in G o d a n d m a d e a n o th e r
,
e xp e diti o n t o S a m a rk a n d I t w a s a ft e r t he M i d -day Pr a ye r
W
.
th a t w e r o de o u t o f Fo rt asm an d Khwaj a A b fi l -m a kara m ,

’
a c c o m p a n yi n g u s B y m id -n i g ht we re a c h e d t he D ee p -fo s s e
.
b rid ge in t he A v e n u e F r o m th e r e w e s e n t fo rw a r d a d e t a c h
. .
m e n t o f 7 0 o r 8 0 go o d m e n w ho w e re t o s e t u p l a dd e rs o pp o s it e
t he L o v e r s -c a v e m o u n t th e m a n d g e t i n s id e s t a n d u p t o th o s e
’
, ,
in t he T u rq u o i s e G a t e g e t p o ss e s s i o n o f it a n d s e n d a m a n ,
-
1It s e e m s i e l k ly
t h a t t h e c o t h w as s o i e l
C f f 2 5 an d H u h e s D ic t o f ld . . . g .
I l
s am s n E a t in . . g .
2 As
o f t he qu o t e
, s e e c h o n e wo r d p
on o f t h re e i s u r i o t he rs m ay ha v e
, d ly , ,
T k ,
,
b d
re a m e Sh a ikh Ma s l a ba t s t o m i s in K h u jan d w h er e B a u r h a d f o u n
d b b d
’
e en .
g
ref u e in 9 0 3 A H it h a d e e n cir c u m a m u a t e b im ur in 7 9 0 A H ( 1 3 9 0 ) b l d by T . AD .
an d i s s t i ll
ho n o u re d .
T his a c c o u n t o f a re a m c o m a r e s w e d p
f o r n a t u ra n ess w it h t h a t in t h e ll l
s e e m in - gl y p
s u ri o u s as s a e , en t e re wit h t h e H a i MS o n f
p g 1 18 For d . . . .
e x a m in a t io n o f t h e a s s a e s ee p g
R AS , J an 1 9 1 r a n d A p p D J .
, . .
F A RG H AN A
F ol 8 5. .
it . Khan o n h ea ri n g wh a t wa s h a pp e n i n g hurri e d a t
S ha ib aq , ,
s u n - r i se t o t h e I r o n G a t e with -I OO o r 1 4 0 m e n H is c o m i n g .
w as a w o n de r fu l c h a n c e b u t a s ha s b e e n s a i d m y m e n we r e , ,
v e ry fe w S e e i n g th a t he c o uld do n o thi n g he r o d e o ff a t o n c e
.
,
.
'
F ro m t he Iro n G a t e I w e n t t o t he c it a d e l a n d th e re di s m o u n t e d
'
a t t he E u- s t an p a l a c e Me n o f r a n k a n d c o n s e qu e n c e a n d
.
va ri o u s h e a d -m e n c a m e t o m e th e re s a w m e a n d in v o ke d :
,
b le s sings o n m e .
S a m a rk a n d fo r n e a rly 11 4 0 ye a rs ha d b e e n t he c a p it a l o f
‘
o u r dyn a s t y An a l i e n an d o f w h a t s t a m p ! a n Afi z b e g fo e
.
, ,
ha d t a k e n po ss e s s i o n o f it ! I t ha d sl ip p e d fr o m o u r h a n d s ;
G o d ga v e it a g a in ! plu n d e r e d a n d r a v a ge d o u r o wn r e tu rn e d ,
to us .
H u s ai n M irza t o o k H a rat a s we t o o k S a m a r k a n d b y
‘
5 1 .
l
,
su rpri s e b u t t o t he e xp e ri e n c e d a n d di sc e r n i n g a n d j u s t i t
‘
, , , ,
w i l l b e c l e a r th a t b e tw e e n his a ffa ir a n d m i n e th e r e a r e dis

‘
t in c t io ns a n d d i ffe re n c e s a n d th a t h is c a ptur e an d m i n e a r e
,
thi n g s a p a rt
‘
F irs tly th e r e is th i s ; H e ha d r u l e d
- p a ss e d
‘
thr o ug h m u c h e xp e ri e n c e a n d s e e n m a n y a ffa irs .
I S e c on dl — H e ha d fo r O pp o n e n t Y ad ar Muh N as ir M i rz a
y g
-
.
, ,
F ol 8 5 6
. . a n i n e xp e ri e n c e d b o y o f 1 7 o r 1 8 .
Thirdly ; (Yad gar M i rz a s ) H e a d-e qu e r ry Mi r Ali a p e rs o n

— ’
,
‘
,
w e l l -a c qu a i n t e d with th e p a r ti c ul a rs o f t he wh o l e p o s iti o n se n t
'
a m a n o ut f r o m a m o n g s t S l H u s a i n M i rz a s o p o n e n t s t o b r i n g
’ '
p .
him t o s urpri s e th e m .
F o u r thly — H is O pp o n e n t w a s n o t in t he fo rt b ut w as in t he
'
R a ve n s -g a rd e n M ore o v e r Yad gar Mu h N as ir M i rz a a n d his
’
. .
fo ll o w e rs a r e s a id t o h a v e b e e n s o p r o s tr a t e w ith d r i n k th a t
th r e e m e n o n ly we re in t he G a t e th e y a l s o dru n k , .
F i fthly ; — he s u rpri s e d a n d c a pt u r e d H a rat t he fi r s t t i m e he

a p pr o a c h e d i t .
O n the o th e r h a n d fi rs t ly — I wa s 1 9 w h e n I t o o k S a m a rk a n d .
S o dly
e c n — I ha d a s m y o p p o n e n t s u c h a m a n as S ha ib aq ,
Kh an o f m a t u re a g e a n d a n e ye -w i t n e s s o f m a n y affa i r s
, .
1
In 8 7 5 A H ( 14 70 .
Hu s ain w as t h en 32 y ea rs o ld B ab u r m igh t .
h a v e c o m p a re d hi s t a kin g o f Sa m ar k an d wi t h T im ur s c a p t u r e o f Q ars h i ‘
,
a l s o w it h 2 4 0 f o ll o w e r s Z N i F i ris h t a (lit h e d p 1 9 6 ) as c ri b es hi s
( . . , . . .
o m i s s io n t o d o s o t o r e l u c t an c e t o ran k hi m s e lf wi t h hi s gr e a t an c e s t o r .
9 06 A H .
— J U LY 28 T H . 15 00 TO J U LY 17 T H . 15 01 A D . 13 5
Thirdly ; —
ca m e o u t o f S a m a rk a n d t o me ; t h o u g h
o -
N on e ’
t he h e a r t o f it s p e o pl e w a s t o w a rd s m e n o - o ne c o u l d d r e a m o f ,
1
c o m i n g fr o m dr e a d of S ha ib a Kh a n
, q .
F o u rthly ; — My foe w a s in t he fo rt ; n o t o n l y wa s t he fo rt
‘
t a k e n b u t he w a s driv e n o ff .
i f
F t y hl — I ha d c o m e o n c e a l r e a dy ; m y O pp o n e n t wa s o n his
g u a r d a b o ut m e T he s e c o n d t i m e we c a m e G o d b r o u g ht i t
.
,
r i g ht ! S a m a r k a n d w a s w o n .
In s ayi n g th e s e thi n g s th e r e is n o d e s ire t o b e lit tle t he

r e pu t a t i o n o f a n y m a n ; t he fa c t s w e re a s h e re s ta t e d In
‘
w r iti n g th e s e thi n gs th e r e is n o d e s ir e t o m a g n i fy m
, y s e l f ; t h e
t r u th is s e t d o w n .
T he p o e t s c o m p o s e d c h r o n o gr a m s o n t he vi c t o ry; th is o n e
‘
r e m a i n s in m y m e m o ry — "
W i s d o m a n s w e r e d K n o w tha t it s
fl
,
d a t e 15 t he Vic t ory (F a th) of B d bnr B a ha dn r

’
.
S a m a rk a n d b e i n g t a k e n S ha v da r a n d S o ghd a n d t he tn ma ns
,
a n d n e a r e r fo rt s b e g a n o n e a ft e r a n o th e r
, t o re t u r h t o u s , .
F ro m s o m e th e ir Auz b e g c o m m a n d a n t s ed in fear a n d
es c a p e d ; fro m o th e rs t he i n h a bit a n t s dr o v e th e m a n d c a m e in
‘
t o u s ; in s o m e th e y m a d e th e m p r i s o n e r a n d h e ld t he fo r t s ,
fl
J u s t th e n t he Wi ve s an d K han a n d his
fa m il i e s of S ha ib aq
Afi z b e g s a rr iv e d fr o m T u rki s t an ; he wa s lyi n g n e a r Khw aj a
1
.
D i d ar a n d Ali -ab ad b ut wh e n he s a w t he fo rt s a n d p e o pl e
‘
' '
r e tur n i n g t o m e m a r c h e d o t o w a r d s B u kh ar a By G o d s
, .
g r a c e a ll t he fo r t s o f S o g h d a n d M iy an -kal r e t u rn e d t o m e
W
,
ithi n thr e e o r fo u r m o n th s O ve r a n d a b o v e th i s B aq i .
,
T a rkhan s e iz e d th i s O pp o r t u n i ty t o o c c u py Q a rs h i ; Khu z ar
an d Q a r s h i K e s h ) b o th w e n t o u t o f Auz b e g h a n d s ; Q ara-k il l
5 '
a l s o w a s t a k e n fr o m t h e m by p e o pl e o f Ab ti l -
“
m u hs i n M i rz a
’
- My a ffa i r s we re in a v e ry
( B d i q d) c o m i n g u p fro m M e rv
a r , .
(e B ir th of B d bn r s fi r s t child )
‘ ’
. .
A ft e r d e p a rtu r e ( l a s t ye a r) fr o m Andij an m y m o th e r s
ou r ,
a n d m y wi fe a n d r e l a ti o n s c a m e w ith a h u n dr e d di ffi c u l ti e s a n d
,
1
T hi s a rri v a l s h ew s t h a t Sh a ib an i e xp e c t e d t o s t a y in Sa m a rkan d H e .
h ad b e e n o c c u pyin g T u rkis t an u n d e r T h e C h a gh at ai Kh an .
1 36 F A RG H AN A
har sd hip s to A fi r a t i p a
,
e n o w s e n t f o r th e m
. t o S W
a m a rk a n d .
W ithi n a fe w days a ft e r th e i r a rriv a l a d au g ht e r wa s b o r n t o ,
me b y Ayis h a -s u lt a
‘
n B e gi m m y fi r s t w i fe t h e d a u g ht e r ,
o f ,
- ’ ’
S I Ahm a d M i rz a Th ey n a d
.
m e t h e c hil
. d P a kh t u n n i sa
O r m en t o f w o m e n ) ; s he w a s m y fi s t b o r n
- I w In a
( n a r as 19 ,
.
m o n th o r 4 0 d a ys s he w e n t t o G o d s m e r c y
’
.
,
(f . B abu r in S a ma r kan d .
)
On t a ki n g S a m a rk a n d e n v o ys a n d s u m m o n e rs we re s e n t o ff
,
-
a t o n c e a n d s e n t a g a i n a n d a g a i n w ith r e it e r a t e d r e qu e s t fo r
, ,
a id a n d r e i n fo r c e m e n t t o t he kh an s a n d s u lté n s a n d b e g s a n d
,
m a r c h e r s o n e v e ry s i de S o m e th o u g h e xp e ri e n c e d m e n m a d e
.
, ,
fo o l i s h r e fu s a l ; o th e r s w h o s e r e l a t i o n s t o w a rd s o u r fa m i ly ha d
b e e n di sc o urt e o u s a n d u n pl e a s a n t w e r e a fra i d fo r th e m se lv e s ,
a n d t o o k n o n o ti c e ; o th e r s a ga i n th o u g h th e y s e n t h e lp s e n t , ,
i t i n s u ffi c i e n t E a c h s u c h c a s e wi l l b e d u ly m e n t i o n e d
. .
W h e n S a rk a d w s t k
m h
t e s e c o d ti e m A l -
i sher Beg
‘
W
a n a a e n n ,
w a s a l iv e e e xc h a n g e d l e tt e r s o n c e ; o n t he b a c k o f m i n e
.
t o him I w r o t e o n e o f m y T u r k i c o upl e t s B e fo re his r e pl y .
r e ac h e d m e s e p a ra t i o n s (taf a r qa ) a n d di s turb a n c e s (g hiig hd)

,
ha d h a pp e n e d 1
M ul l a B i n a i ha d b e e n t a k e n i n t o S ha ib aq
.
’
Kh an s s e rvi c e wh e n t he la tt e r t o o k p o s se s s i o n o f S a m a rk a n d ;
’
h e s t aye d with him u n t i l a fe w d ays a ft e r I t o o k t he pl a c e ,
w h e n he c a m e i n t o t he t o w n t o m e Q as i m B e g ha d his .
s u s pi c i o n s a b o u t h im a n d c o n s e q u e n tly d i s m i s s e d him t o w a r d s
Sh a hr i-s a b z b u t a s he wa s a m a n o f p a rt s a n d a s n o fa u lt o f
-
, ,
h is c a m e t o l i g ht I ha d him fe t c h e d b a c k , H e c o n s t a n tly .
pr e s e n t e d m e w ith o d e s (qa si da n g ha z a l) H e b ro u g ht m e a .
s o n g in t he N a w a m o d e c o m p o s e d t o m n a m e a n d a t t he
y
2
s a m e ti m e t he fo llo wi n qu tr a in —
g a
1 ‘
d d
Al i-s h e r ie J an 3 rd 1 50 1 It i s n o t c e a r t o w h a t i st u r an c e s B a u r
. . . l d b b
r e f e rs l ll
H e h im s e f w a s a t e as e t i a f t e r A ri 2 0 t h 1 5 0 2 an d hi s e f ea t a t
. p l . d
S a r -i -p u l o ss i
. P bly
t h e re f e r en c e is t o t h e q u a r r e s e t w e e n B in a i a n d l b ’
‘
- '
M l gy y
g7
li s h e r C l Sam. i rz a s An t ho o
. t rs S d e Sa g , N o ti ces e t E x t ra i ts iv , , . .
2 c l s eq .
I s m is e a d o u b l e p la y -o f -w o d s in t hi s ve rs e On e i s o n t wo rh y m in g
2
ur r .
w o rd s gh l an d m ll h an d i s i l l u s t r a t e d by re n d ri n g t h m a s o t an d c a t
We c an n o t
, a a a a e e a o .
T h o t h er i s o n p o in t e d a n d u n p o in t d l e t t e s i
e
gha l an d la e r , . e . a
‘
a .
fi n d h o w e ve r a P e r s ian wo r d a la m e an in g g a rm e n t ‘
, .
T A R C H AN A
' '
ro u n d -a b o u t ga v e u s w as a s fo l l o w s — F r o m T he Kh an ha d
'
c o me w ith 4 o r 5 0 0 0 B ari n s Ayii b B eg chi k a n d Q a s hk a

’
, ,
M a hm ud ; fr o m J a h an gi r M i rz a ha d c o m e Kh a l i l T am b a l s ,
’
yo u n g e r b r o th e r with 1 0 0 o r 2 00 m e n ; n o t a m a n ha d c o m e
‘
fro m S l H u s a i n M irz a th a t e xp e r i e n c e d r u l e r th a n w h o m
.
, ,
n o n e k n e w b e tt e r t h e d e e d s a n d d e a l i n g s o f S ha ib aq Kh an ; n o n e
c a m e f r o m B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a ; n o n e fr o m Kh u s ra u Sh ah
‘ ’
b e c au s e he t he a ut h o r o f wh a t e vil d o n e -a s ha s b e e n t o ld
'
, , ,
'
t o o u r d y n a s ty ! fe a r e d u s m o r e th a n he fe a r e d S ha ib aq Kh an .
de ea ted a t - -
S r i nl
(g . B aba r f a
p .
)
I m a rc h e d S a m a r k a n d wi th t he Wl S h o f fi g ht i n g
out of ,
Sha ib aq Kh an in t he m o n th o f Sh a ww al a n d w e n t t o t he
,
1
N e w-g a rd e n wh e r e w e l ay fo u r o r fi v e d a ys fo r t he c o n v e n i e n c e
o f g a th e ri n g o u r m e n a n d c o m pl e ti n g o u r e q u ip m e n t e . W
t o o k t he p re c a u t i o n o f fo rt i fyi n g o u r c a m p with d it ch a n d
b ra n c h F r o m t he N e w-ga r d e n w e a dv a n c e d m a rc h b y m a r c h
.
, ,
t o b e y o n d S a r -i-p u l ( B r id g e -h e a d ) a n d th e r e di s m o u n t e d .
S ha ib aq Kh an c a m e f r o m t he o pp o s it e di re c t i o n a n d dis
m o u n t e d a t Khw aj a Kardz a n p e rh a p s o n e y ig hdch awa y
W
,
5 e l a
y t h e r e fo r fo ur o r fi v e d a y s E v e r y d a y o u r .
p e o pl e w e n t fr o m o u r s i d e a n d his c a m e fro m th e i rs a n d fe l l o n
o n e a n o th e r O n e da y wh e n th e y w e r e in u n u s u a l fo r c e th e re
.
,
wa s m u c h fi ght i n g b ut n e ith e r s i d e h a d t he a dv a nt a g e O ut o f .
th a t e n g a g e m e n t o n e o f o u r m e n w e n t r a th e r h a s ti ly b a c k i n t o
t he e n tre n c h m e n t s ; h e w a s u s i n g a s t a n d a rd ; s o m e s aid it
‘
wa s S a yyid i Q a ra B e g s s t a n d a rd w ho r e a l ly w a s a m a n o f
’
s tr o n g w o r d s b ut we a k swo rd S ha ib aq Kh an m a d e o n e .
n i g ht - a tt a c k o n u s b ut c o u l d do n o thi n g b e c a u s e t he c a m p w a s
pro t e c t e d b y d it c h a n d c l o s e -s e t bra n c h e s H is m e n ra i s e d .
th e ir w a r-c ry ra in e d in a r r o w s fr o m o u t s i d e t he dit c h a n d th e n
‘
r e tir e d .
I n t he w o rk fo r the c o m i n g b a ttl e I e x e rt e d m ys e l f g rea tly .
a n d t o o k a ll p r e c a u t i o n s ; a r -a li a l so
Q m b d i d m h I ‘
a u c n .
Ke s h la y B aqi T a rkh an with 1 0 0 0 t o 2 0 0 0 m e n in a p os iti on ,

'
t o j o i n u s a ft e r a c o upl e o f d a y s In D iyii l 4 y ig hach o ff .

,
1 Sh a ww a 9 0 6 l AH . bg e an A p ril 2 0 t h . 1 50 1 .
9 06 A H .
— J U LY 28 T H .
'
15 00 TO J U LY 17 T H . 15 01 A D .
20 S ayyi d Mu h M irz a D iighlat b r i n g i n g m e 1 0 0 0 t o

la y '
~
.
,
2 00 0 m e n fr o m m Kh d a d a -he w o ul d h a v e j o i n e d m e a t F OI 8 9
y a n ;
da w n W ith m a tt e rs in thi s p o s iti o n w e hur r i e d o n t he fi g ht !
.
,
Who la ys wit h h as t e hi s h an d -on t he swo rd 1 ,
Sh a ll li f t t o hi s t e e t h t h e b a c k h an d o f r e gr e t .
T he re a s o n
g r tI w as
o e n a
g g e w a s th a t
so e a o n t he d a y o f
e
b a ttl e t he E i g ht s t a r s w e r e b e tw ee n t he t w o a r m i e s ; th e y
,
2
wo u ld h a v e b e e n in t he e n e m y s r e a r fo r 1 3 o r 1 4 d ay s if t he
’
fi ght ha d b e e n d e fe rr e d I n o w u n d e rs t a n d th a t th e se c o n s i d e r .
a t io n s a r e w o rth n o thi n a n d th a t o u r h a s t e wa s w ith o u t r e as o n

g
'
.
As we wi s h e d t o fi ght w e m a r c h e d fr o m o u r c a m p a t d a w n , ,
we in o u r m a il o u r h o r s es in th e i r s fo r m e d U p in a rr a y o f ri g h t
, ,
a n d l e ft c e n tr e a n d v a n
, O u r r i g ht w a s I b rah i m S ar a I b rah i m
.
,
J ani Ab ii l-q as i m K ohbnr a n d o th e r b e g s O u r l e ft w a s Mu h

,
’
. .
M a zi d T a r kh an I b r ah i m T a r kh an a n d o th e r S a m a rka n di b e gs
, ,
a l s o S l H u s a i n A r hiin Q a ra
.
g ( B l a c k ) B a r la s P i r A , h m a d a n d ,
Kh waj a H u s a i n Q as i m B e g w a s ( wi th m e ) in t he c e n tr e a n d
.
al s o s e v e r a l o f m c l o se c ir c l e a n d ho u s eh o l d I n t h e v a n w er e
y .
in s c r ib e d Q a mb a r -a li t he Ski n n e r B a n d a -a li Khw aj a Ali ‘ ‘ ‘
~
, , ,
Mi r Sh ah Qachin S ayyi d Q as i m L o rd o f t he G a t e — B a n d a , , ,
‘
ali s
’
b h Kh l d r l -m a r k e d d H i d r -i
t ( m )
'
y o un g e r r o e r a a o e a n a a
im h l l h
’
Q t th r with d b v th r
’
q a s s s o n ii c o g e e a t e , g o o r a e s e e
w e r e a n d t he r e s t o f t he h o u s e h o l d
,
Th u s a rr a ye d we m a r c h e d fr o m o u r c a m p ; t he e n e my a l s o
,
-
,
in ar ra y m a rc h e d o u t fr o m his
, H is r i g ht wa s Mahm ii d a n d .
j a n i a n d T i m ii r S u l t an s ; his l e ft H a m z a a n d M a hd i a n d s o m e , F o l 8 96
. .
o th e r s ul t an s W h e n o u r t wo a r m i e s a ppro a c h e d o n e a n o th e r
.
,
he w h e e l e d h is r i g ht t o w a rd s o u r r e a r T o m e e t thi s I .
,
t u rn e d ; thi s l e ft o u r v a n —in whi c h ha d b e e n i n s c ri be d wh a t ,
n o t o f o u r b e s t b r a v e s a n d tri e d s w o rd s m e n — t o o u r r i ht a n d
g
b a re d o u r fro n t (i e t he fr o n t o f t he c e n tre ) N o n e -t he -l e s s w e
. . .
fo ug ht th o s e w ho m a d e t he fr o n t -a tt a c k o n u s t u rn e d th e m ,
a n d fo r c e d th e m b ac k o n th e i r o wn c e n tr e S o fa r d i d w e .
C a r ry i t th a t s o m e o f S ha ib aq Kh an s o ld c hi e fs s a i d t o him
’
W
,
e m u s t m o v e o ff ! H e h o w e v e r h e ld
‘
I t is p a s t a s t a n d .
’
‘
fa s t . H is r i g ht b e a t o u r le ft th e n w h e e l e d ( a ga i n ) t o o u r r e a r ,
.
1
F ro m t h e B iz -s t i n G ra f ed p 5 5 l 2 4 6 e , . .
, . .
2
S ik i z Y ild ii z S ee C h a r d in s Vo y a g s v 1 36 an d T a b l e ; a ls o St an l e y
‘
’ “
. e , ,
L a n e P o o l e s B abu p 56 ’
r, . .
F A R G HA N A
'
(As ha s b e e n sa i d) , t he fro n t b a r e th r o u g h o f o u r c e n re t was

o ur v a n s b e i n g
’
t o t he ri g htl e ft T he e n e m y a tt ac k e d u s fro n t .
a n d r e a r r a i n i n g in a rr o w s o n u s ( Ayiib B eg chi k s) Mu ghfi l

’
.
,
a r m y c o m e fo r o u r h e lp ! w a s o f n o u s e in fi g ht i n g ; i t s e t t o
,
w o rk fo rthwith t o u n h o rs e a n d pl u n d e r o u r m e n N o t th i s .
F o l 90.
.
o n c e o n ly ! T hi s is a l w ays t he w ay w ith th o s e ill- o m e n ed
Mu g hfi ls ! If th ey win th ey gra b a t b o o ty ; if th ey l o se th e y
W
, ,
u n h o r s e a n d pil fe r th e ir o wn s id e ! e dr o v e b a c k t he
Afi z b egs w ho a tt a c ke d o u r fr o n t b y se ve r a l vi go r o u s a s sa ult s ,
b u t th o s e w ho h a d w h ee l e d t o o u r r e a r c a m e up a n d r a i n e d
a rr o w s o n o u r s t a n da rd F a l l i n g o n u s in thi s w ay fr o m t he
.
,
fr o n t a n d fro m t he r e a r th e y m a de o u r m e n hurry o ff ,
.
Thi s s a m e tur n i n g -m o v e m e n t is o n e o f t he g re a t m e rit s o f

Afi z b e g fi g hti n g ; n o b a tt l e o f th e i rs is e v e r w ith o ut it A n o th e r .
m e rit o f th e ir s is th a t th e y a ll b e gs a n d r e t a i n e r s fr o m th e ir , ,
fro n t t o th e ir r e a r rid e l o o s e -r e i n a t t he ga ll o p s h o u ti n g a s th e y
, , ,
c o m e a n d in r e t iri n g do n o t s c a tt e r b u t ri de o ff a t t he ga l lo p
, , , ,
in a b o dy .
T e n o r fi ft ee n m e n w e re le ft w ith m e T he K o hi k -wa t e r
W
.
fl
wa s c l o se by — t he p o i n t o f o u r r i g ht h a d r e s t e d o n it
, e .
m a d e s tra i g ht fo r it I t w a s t he s e a s o n wh e n it c o m e s d o w n in
W
.
fl oo d . e r o d e ri g ht i n t o i t m a n a n d h o r s e in m a il I t was , .
j u s t fo rd a b l e fo r h a l f-wa y o v e r ; a ft e r th a t it ha d t o b e s wu m .
F o r m o re th a n a n a rr o w s ig ht w e m a n a n d m o u n t in m a i l !
1 ’
,
m a d e o u r h o r s e s s wi m a n d s o go t a c r o ss O n c e o u t o f t he .
w a t e r we c u t o ff t he h o rs e -a r m o u r a n d le t i t lie By th u s
, .
p as s i n g t o t he n o rth b a n k o f t he r ive r we w e r e fr e e o f o u r fo e s , ,
but a t o n c e Mu ghfi l wr e t c h e s w e r e t he c a pt o r s a n d p il l a ge r s o f
o n e a ft e r a n o th e r o f m y fri e n d s I b r ah i m T a rkh an a n d s o m e .
o th e r s e xc e l l e n t b r a v e s a ll w e re u n h o r s e d a n d kill e d by
W
, ,
Mu ghfi ls 2
.e m o ve d a l o g t e
n h n o n h -
r th b a k o f t e K o hik riv e r ,
1 In 1 7 9 1 Mu h E fi en d i s h o t 4 8 2 a r s f ro m a u r i s h b o w e fo re
AD . . y d T k , b
t he R T o x
. S n ot a
. oo
. s ho t he g d
e c a re Lo n e r o n es a r e o n r e co r
, d l d . g d .
See P ya n e- G a llw e y s r os s -b o w an d A Q R
’
C 19 1 1 , H B e v e rid g e s Or i en ta l . .
’
C r o ss -bo ws .
2 I
g
n t h e m a r in o f t h e E l h
p o e h e C d x
re s t an s a e d
rs ia n
. P v
e rs e w hi c h , ,
a pp e a rs m o r e i e l k ly
t o b e H u m ay tm s t h an B ab u r s
'
It i s a s f o ows
'
ll
’
.
W e r e t h e Mu gh ii l ra c e an ge ls t h e y w o u ld b e b a d ,
W rit t e n in go ld t h e n a m e Mu gh fi l w o u l d b e b ad
,
F AR G HAN A
r
r e se v e F o r c o n v e n ie n c e in thi s I t o o k u p qu a r t e r s in t he
.
. .
m iddl e o f t he t o w n in t e n t s pit c h e d o n t he r o o f o f Afi lfi g h B e g
,
.
F OL 9 15 M i rz a s C o l l e g e T o o th e r b e g s a n d b ra v e s p o s t s w e re a ss i gn e d
’
.
in t he G t
a es o r o n t h e r a m p a r t s o f t he w a l l e d - to wn .
T w o o r thre e d ay s la t e r S ha ib aq Kh an di s m o u n t e d a t s o m e , .
.
d i s t a n c e fr o m t he fo rt O n thi s t he t o w n -r a bb l e c a m e o u t o f : .
,
l a n e s a n d w a r d s in c ro wd s , t o t he C o l l e ge g a t e s h o ut e d go o d
, ,
wi s h es fo r m e a n d w e n t o u t t o fi g ht in m o b -fa s hi o n S ha ib aq .
Kh an ha d g o t t o h o r s e b u t c o ul d n o t s o m u c h a s a ppro ac h t he .
t o w n S e v e r a l d ays w e n t b y in thi s fa s hi o n T he m o b a n d
. .
r a bb l e k n o wi g n o thi n g o w o rd
n f s a n d a r r -
o w wou n ds n e ve r
, ,
wit n e s se s o f t he p re s s a n d c a r n a g e o f a s tri c k e n fi eld ; thr o u g h

th e s e i n c id e n t s b ec a m e b o l d a n d b e g a n t o s a l l y furt h e r -a n d s
,
furth e r o u t If w a r n e d b y t he b ra v e s a g a i n s t go i n g o u t s o
.
i n c a uti o u s ly th e y bro k e i n t o r e pr o a c h
,
.
O n e da y wh e n S ha ib aq Khan ha d d i re c t e d his a tt a c k t o w a rd s ‘
t he I r o n G a t e t he m o b g r o w,n bo ld w e n t o u t a s u s ua l , , , ,
d a ri n gly a n d fa r T o c o v e r th e i r r e tr e a t w e s e n t s e v e ra l b ra ve s
0
.
,
t o w a rd s t he C a m e l s n e c k fos t e r -b r e th r e n a n d s o m e o f t he
- 1 ’
c l o se h o u se h o l d - c ir c l e s u c h a s N uy an K iikii ldash Q u l - , n az ar ,
( s o n o f S he ri m T a g h a i B e g a n d M a zi d A n A ii z be
g o r t w o , . !
i m d l -
F 0] 9 2
. .
p u t th e r h o r se s a t th e a n wi th Q u n a g ar s w o r d s w e r e
c ro s se d T he r e s t o f t he Afi z b e gs di s m o u n t e d a n d b r o u g ht
‘
'
.
th e ir s t r e n g th t o b e a r o n t he r a bbl e h u stl e d th e m off a n d ,
r a m m e d th e m in thro u g h t he I r o n G a t e Q h e b B e g a n d Mir .
'
Sh ah Qi t chin ha d di s m o u n t e d a t t he s id e o f Khw aj a Kh iz r s
’
’
M o s qu e a n d w e re m a ki n g a s t a n d th e r e W h il e t he t o w n s m e n .
w e re b e i n g m o ve d o ff by th o s e o n fo o t a p a rty o f m o u n t e d ‘
Aiiz b e gs r o de t o w a rds t he M o s q u e Q fi h B m t w h
’
c e g c a e o u en .
th e y d re w n e a r a n d e xc h a n g e d go o d b l o w s with t h e m H e d id .
dis t in g u is he d jwo rk ; a ll s t o o d t o w a t c h O u r fu g itiv es b e l o w . ,
we r e o c c u p ie d o n ly with th e ir o w n e sc a p e ; fo r th e m t he t i m e
'
t o s h o o t a rr o w s a n d m a k e a s t a n d ha d o n e b I w as shoot
g y .
-
in g w ith a s l u r b o w fro m a b o v e t he G a t e a n d zs o m e o f m y c i r c l e
2
1
T his s u bt e rra n e an w a t e r -c o u r s e i ss u in g in a fl o w in g w e ll (E rs kin e ) ga v e ,
it s na me t o a b
i i 30 Q) a s t io n (H S . . , .
2
n awa k a d
im in u t i e o f n ao a t u e v b It i s e s c ri e , in a MS o f B ab u r s
d bd ’
.
, , . .
Mu h
,
t im e , by .in a s e c o n d l
of a t er d
a t e , b y A m in u d d in (A Q R
’
o
.
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1 9 1 1 , H B s Or i en t a l
. . r oss -b o ws ) C .
906 A H — . J U LY 28 T H . 15 00 TO J U LY 17 T H . 15 01 A D . 14
3}
w e re s h o o ti n g a rro ws ( a n q) O ur a tt a c k fr o m a b o v e k e pt t he .
e n e m y fr o m a dv a n c i n g b e y o n d t he M o s q u e ; fr o m th e re he
r e tir e d .
D u r i n g t he s i e ge t he ro u n d o f t he r a m p a r t s w a s m a de e a c h
,
n i g ht ; s o m e ti m e s I w e n t s o m e ti m e s Q as i m B e g , so m e t i m e s ,
o n eo f t h e h o u se h o ld B e g s Th o u g h fro m t he T u r qu o i s e t o t he
.
S h a ikh -z ada s G a t e m a y b e ridd e n t he re s t o f t he w ay m u s t b e

’
, F ol .
w a lk e d . W h e n so m e m e n w e n t t he w h o le r o u n d o n fo o t it ,
w a s d a w n b efo re t h e y ha d fi n is he d 1
.
O n e da y S ha ib aq Kh an a t t a c ke d jb e t w e en t he I r o n G a t e a n d
t he Sh a ikh -z ada s I a s t he re s e r v e w e n t t o t he s p o t w it ho u t
’
.
, , , '
-
a n xi e t y a b o u t t he B l e a c hi n g g r o u n d a n d N ee dl e - m a ke rs G a te s
’
.
T h a t da y ( P) in a s h o ot i n g w a ge r (a 12q a fi chida) I m a de a g o o d
, ,
-
s h o t with a s l u r b o w a t a C e n t u r i o n s h o r s e ,
2
I t di e d a t o nc e ’
.
( q
a i2 b a r d i ) wi th t h e a rr o w (a z2g b i la) Th e y m a d e s u c h a .
v i go r o u s a tt a c k th i s t i m e th a t th e y g o t c l o s e u n d e r t he .
.
r a m p a rt s .B u sy wi th t he fi g hti n g a nd t he s t re s s n e a r t he
I ro n G a t e w e w e re e n tir e ly o ff o u r gu a r d a b o u t t he o th e r s i de
,
o f t he t o w n Th e re o p p o si t e t he s p a c e b e tw e e n t he N e e dl e
.
,
m a k er s a n d B l e a c h i n g -g r o u n d G a t e s t he e n e m y h a d p o s t e d
’
,
7 o r 8 0 0 g o o d m e n in a m bu s h h a v in g with th e m 2 4 o r 2 5 ,
l a dd e r s s o wid e th a t t wo o r thr e e c o u ld m o u n t a b re a s t Th e s e .
m e n c a m e f r o m th e i r a m b u s h wh e n t he a tt a c k n e a r t he I r o n
G a t e b y o c c u pyi n g a ll o u r m e n ha d l e f t th o se o th e r p o s t s
, : ,
e m p ty a n d q u i c kly s e t u p th e ir l a dd e r s b e tw e e n t he t w o G a t e s
, ,
F ol .
ju s t wh e re a ro a d l ea d s fro m t he ra m p a rt s t o Mu h M a zid .
T a r khan s h o u s e s T h a t p o s t w a s Q li c h B e g s a n d M u ha m m a d
’ ’
.
'
Q h f d th e y ha d
’
q u l i i cc i n s w ith th e ir
, d e t a c h m e n t o br a v e s a n ,
t he i r qu a rt e r s in Mu h M a z i d 5 h o u s e s
’
In t he Ne e dl e m a k e r s
’
. .
G a t e wa s p o s t e d Q a r a ( B l ac k ) B a r la s 1n t he B l e a c hi n g g r o u n d ,
G a t e Qu t luq Kh w aj a K z2kiilda sh with S he r i m Ta g h ai a nd his

’
, ,
b re thr e n o ld e r a n d yo u n g e r A s a tt a c k w a s b e i ng m a de o n
, .
,
t he o th e r s id e o f t he t o w n t he m e n a tt a c h e d t o th e s e p o s t s ,
;
w e re n o t o n g u a rd b u t ha d s c a tt e re d t o th e ir qu a rt e rs o r t o t he
1
K o s t e n ko i 344 w o u ld m a k e t h e ro u n ds 9 m
, , , .
2
bi y d:
r tl i q i g it i i n awak iiq i b i l a y khs hi a t i m
a n n
'
c
‘
n
'
T hi s ha s b e e n r ea d
a a .
by E rs kin e a s t ho u g h b122 t p a l e ho rs e a n d n o t 3 122 a tliq C e n t u rio n w e r e

a , ,
1
, ,
w ri t t en . D e C t ran s la t e s by C n t u rio n an d a m a r g in a l n o t e o f t h e E lp h
. . e .
C o d ex ex p l ain s y a: allig by a d a s p gi s a .
14 4 F A R G H AN A
b a z a r fo r n e c e s s a ry m a tt e r s o f se r vi c e a n d s e r va n t s w o r k ’
.
On ly t he b e g s w e re a t th e i r p o s t s w ith o n e o r t w o o f t he ,
p o p u l a c e Q fi c h B e g a n d Mii ha m m a d-q u l i a n d Sh ah Su f i a n d
'
o n e o th e r b r a v e did v e ry w e l l a n d b o l dly S o m e Aiiz b e g s we r e .
o n t he r a m p a r t s so m e w e r e c o m i n g up w h e n th es e f o u r m e n
, ,
arr iv e d a t a ru n d e a lt th e m b l o w u p o n b l o w a n d b y e n e rg e ti c
‘
, , ,
dr u b bi n g fo rc e d th e m a ll d o w n a nd put th e m t o fl i g ht Q lic h
,
‘
.
B eg d id b t
es ; thi s w a s hi s o u t -s t a n di n g a n d a ppr o v e d g o o d ,
de e d ; twi c e d u rin g t hi s s i e g e he g o t h is h a n d i n t o t he w o r k
”
.
,
Q a r a B a r las ha d b e e n le ft a l o n e in t he N e e dl e -m a k e rs G a t e ;
’
he als o h e l d o u t w e ll t o t he e n d Q ii t lii q Khw aj a a n d Q u l.
n a g a r M i rz a w e re a l s o at th e ir p o s t s in t he B l e a c hi n g - g ro u n d
G a t e ; th ey h e l d o u t we l l t o o a n d c h a r g e d t he fo e in his r e a r
‘
.
,
An o th e r ti m e Q as i m B e g le d his br a v e s o u t thr o u g h t he
F O1-9 35 N e e dl e -m a k e rs G a t e p urs u e d t he Afi z b e gs a s far a s Khw aj a
’
Ka fs b e r u n h o r s e d s o m e a n d r e t u r n e d w ith a fe w h e a d s
, .
'
I t w a s n o w t he t i m e o f r ip e n i n g ra i n b ut n o -o n e b ro u ght ’
n e w c o r n i n t o t he t o w n , T he l o n g s i e ge c a u s e d g r e a t priv a ti o n
.
-
t o t he t o w n s p e o pl e ; 1
i t w e n t s o fa r th a t t he p o o r a n d d e s tit u t e
b e ga n t o e a t t he fl e s h o f d o g s a n d as se s a n d a s th e re w a s l ittl e ,
g r a i n fo r t he h o r s e s p e o pl e fe d th e m o n le a v e s
, E xp e r i e n c e .
s h e w e d th a t t he l e a v e s b es t s u iti n g w e r e th o s e o f t he m ul b e r r
y
a n d e lm ( qa r d - i hd ch
y g ) S o m e p e o pl e s c r a p
. e d dry w o o d a n d
g a v e t h e s h a vi n g s d a m p e d t o th e i r h o r se s
, , .
F o r th r e e o r fo u r m o n th s S ha ib aq Kh an di d n o t c o m e n e a r '
t he fo r t b u t ha d i t i n v e s t e d a t s o m e d i s t a n c e a n d hi m s e l f m o v e d
r o u n d it fr o m p o s t t o p o s t O n c e wh e n o u r m e n w e r e o ff th e i r
.
u rd t m id -n i ht t h m y m r t t he T r u o i se
g a ,a g e e n e c a e, n e a o u q
F o l 9 46 G a t e b e a t his d r u m s a n d fl u n g his w a r -c ry o u t I w a s in t he
, .
C o l l e ge u n dr e sse d Th e r e wa s g re a t tre pi d a ti o n a n d a n xi e ty
, . .
A ft e r th a t th e y c a m e n i g ht a ft e r n i g ht di s t urb i n g u s b y dru m ,
m i n g a n d s h o u ti n g th e i r w a r-c ry .
A lth o u g h e n v o ys a n d me s se n ge r s ha d b ee n s e n t r e p e a t e dl y
t o a ll s id e s a n d qu a rt e r s n o h e lp a n d r e i n fo r c e m e n t a rrive d
,
fro m a n y-o n e N o -o n e ha d h e lp e d o r r e i n fo r c e d m e w h e n I
.
w a s in s t r e n gth a n d p o w e r a n d ha d s u ff e re d n o s o rt o f d e fe a t
1 T h e Sh N . . give s t he
'
re ve rs e s id e of t he p ic t u r e , t he p l en t y '
en o j yd e by
b es ie g e rs
,
t he .
1
9 07 A IL — J UL Y I 7 T H 15 01 . TO J UL Y 7 TH . 15 02 A D .
(a . S u rr ender f o S ama r ka nd to Sha iban i ) .
fl
T he s e ge i dr e w pro vi s i o n s a n d s uppl i e s
on t o g r e a t le n g t h ; no
c a m e in fr o m a n y q u a rt e r n o s u c c o u r a n d r e i n fo r c e m e n t fr o m ,
a ny s i d e T he s o ld i e r s a n d p e a s a n try b e c a m e h o p e l e ss a n d b y
. ,
o n e s a n d tw o s b e ga n t o le t th e m se lv e s do w n o ut s id e
,
2
t he w a l l s
O n S ha ib aq Kh an s h e a ri n g o f t he di s tr e ss in t he
’
an d ee .
t o w n he c a m e a n d di s m o u n t e d n e a r t he L o v e rs -c a v e I in
,
’
.
,
t u r n w en t t o M a l i k- m uha m m a d M i rz a s dw e l l i n g s in L o w
’
la n e o v e r a ga i n s t him On o n e o f th o s e da ys Kh w aj a Hu s a in s
’
.
, ,
b r o th e r Afi z fi n H a s a n c a m e i n t o t he t o w n with 1 0 o r 1 5 o f his
,
3
m en ,he w ho a s ha s b e e n t o l d ha d b e e n t he c a u se o f J a h an gi r
, ,
M irz a s re b e l l i o n o f m y e xo du s fro m S a m a rk an d (9 0 3 AH
’
,
.
M a r c h 1 4 9 8 AD ) a n d a ga i n o f wh a t a n a m o u n t o f s e diti o n a n d
.
,
1
di s l o y a lt y ! Th a t e n try o f his w as a v e ry b o l d ac t
‘
.
T he so ldi e ry a n d t o wn s p e o pl e b e c a m e m o r e a n d m o r e dis
tr ess e d T r u s t e d m e n o f m y c l o s e c irc le b e ga n t o le t th e m
.
se lv es d o wn fr o m t h e r a m p a rt s a n d g e t a w a y ; b e gs o f k n o w n
n a m e a n d o ld fa m ily s e rv a n t s w e r e a m o n g s t th e m s u c h a s Pir ,
W a i s Sh a ikh W a i s a n d W a i s L agha r i
,
5
O f h e lp fr o m a n y s id e .
we utt e rly d e s p a i re d ; n o h o p e w a s l e ft in a n y q u a rt e r ; o u r
E lp h MS f 6 8 b
1 .
-i -B . 2 15 f 78 an d 2 17 f 6 1b
. W . em s
.
97 . . M p . . .
x
T h e K e hr -Il m in s ky t e t s h e w s i n t his e a r , a o o e a m e o f it s P e r s ifi , y g d x pl
c a t i on a n d o f D r I lm in s k y s
’
e a lin s w it h h is
. iffi c u t ar c h e t d
e t h e he g d l yp b y lp
of t he M
e m o ir s .
2 tas hlab T h e Sh N . a c es t h e s e . . pl
e s e r t io n s as a f t e r f o u r m o n t h s o f d
Si e e g .
2 It s t r ike s o n e a s st r a n g e t o fi n d L o n g Ha san d e s cr ib e d a s h er e in t erm s , ,
o f h is y o u n ge r b r o t h e r T h e s in gu l ar it y m a y b e d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t H u s ai n
.
wa s wi t h B ab u r a n d m a y h a v e i n v it e d H a sa n I t m a y b e n o t e d h e r e t ha t .
H u s a in s e e m s l i k e l y t o b e t h a t f a t h e r -i n -l a w o f U m ar Sh a i kh m e n t i o n e d o n
‘
f . 12 6 a n d 13b .
4
T l d
h is a u a t o r c o m m e n t y I fi n d n o w h er e b u t i n t he Ha i C o d ex . .
5
T
h e r e is s o m e u n c er t a in t y a b o u t t h e n a m e s o f t h o s e wh o l e ft .
14 6
907 A H .
— J U LY 17 T H . 15 01 TO J U LY 7m . 15 02 A D .
s uppl i es an d pr o vi i
s o n s w e r e w r e t c h e d w h a t th e r e w a s w a s .
c om ng t o an end ; no m o e c
i r a m e in M e a n ti m e S h a ib a q Kh a n .
i n t e rj e c t e d t a l k o f p e a c e 1
L ittl e e a r w o u l d h a v e b e e n g iv e n t o
.
his a t lk of p eace if th e r e h a, d b e e n h o p e o r fo o d f r o m a n
y s id e .
I t ha d t o b e ! a s o r t o f p ea c e w a s m a d e a n d we t o o k o u r
- d m
’
de a p r t u r e fr o m t h e t o w n by t h e Sh a ikh z a a s G ,
a t e so e ,
wh e r e a b o ut m id n i g ht .
r lea ves Sa ma r ka n d )
'
( b B
. abn .
I t o o k m y m o th e r Kh an i m o u t with m e ; t w o o th e r w o m e n
fo lk w en t t oo o ne was ,
B i s hk a ( v a r P e s h k a ) -i- Kh a l i fa t h e o th er .
, ,
Min gli k K akaldash At thi s exo d u s m y e ld e r s i s t e r Kh a z ad a

2
.
n -
, ,
B e gi m fe l l i n t o S ha ib aq Kh an s h a n d s 3
I n t he d a r k n e s s o f
’
“
.
th a t n i g ht we l o s t o u r w ay a n d w a n d e r e d a b o u t a m o n gs t t he
m a i n i r r i g a ti o n c h a n n e l s o f S o ghd At s h o o t o f d a w n a ft e r a .
,
h u n dr e d di ffi c u lti e s w e go t p a s t Khw aj a D id ar At t he S u n h a t
,
.
Pr a ye r we s c ra m bl e d u p t e i s i g gr h r n - o u n d o f Q a r a- b li gh . F o l 9 56
. .
F ro m t he n o r th s l o p e o f Q a r a-b ag h we h u r r i e d o n p a s t t he fo o t
o f J u dfi k vill a g e a n d dr o pp e d d o w n i n t o Y i l an a h t i
- O n t he .
-
r o a d I r a c e d wi th Q as i m B d Q m b l h Ski );
‘
e g a n a a r a i ( t e n n e r
m y h o rs e w a s l e a di n g wh e n I th i n ki n g t o l o o k a t th e i r s b e hi n d , ,
twi s t e d m ys e l f r o u n d ; t he g irth m ay h a v e s l a c k e n e d fo r m y ,
s a ddl e t u r n e d a n d I w a s thr o w n o n m y h e a d t o t he g r o u n d .
A l t h o u g h I a t o n c e g o t u p a n d r e m o u n t e d m y br a i n d id n o t ,
s t e a dy t il l t he e v e n i n g ; til l th e n thi s w o r l d a n d wh a t w e n t o n
a pp e a r e d t o m e l ik e thi n g s fe lt a n d se e n in a d r e a m o r f a n c y .
T o w a r d s a ft e rn o o n w e d i s m o u n t e d in Y i l an -a fi t i th e re ki ll e d a ,
1 T h e Sh N is in t er e s t in
. . g gv g
h e r e a s i in a n e y e -w it n e s s a c c o u n t o f t h e
’
d
s u rr e n e r o f t h e t o w n a n d o f t h e ar t a e in t h e s u rr e n er p pl y d
h an -z ad a s d by K ’
m arr ia e (c a pg xxx x
i )
. .
2 T he fi r st se e m s i e l k ly l
t o b e a r e a t io n o f N iz am u -d in A l i h a i fa t h e
’
d ‘
K l
sec on d w as o e- M l
m ar e k d a f o s t e r -s i s t e r T he
, a rt n u m er e som e 10 0. p y b d
p b l
e r s o n s o f w h o m A a -m a k ar a m w a s o n e ( H S i i
’
. .
,
3 B ab u r s ’
re it b v y l d g
i s m i s e a in ; his s is t e r w a s n o t c a t u r e b u t m ar r ie p d d
wi t h he r ow n a n d h e r m o t h e r s c o n s e n t b
e for e a t t e m t t o e a e t he t ow n wa s
’
p l v
ma e d .Cf G u l -b a d a n s H N f 3 b a n d Sh N Va m b ér y
.
’
. . . 145 . .
,
p . .
4 T he r ou t e t a e n a o i e k v d d
t h e m a in r o a d f o r iz a it c a n b e t r a c e D k d by
t he p y l
h s ic a f e a t u r e s m e n t i o n e , B a ur on t he F1 m ap of 19 04 d by b T he, . .
. . y g
Sh N s a s t h e n i h t w a s e t ra o r in a r i ar x d
e a r t u r e in ly d k D p
in in ar . bl d g d k
n e ss a n d by
u n u su a w a s s h e w s l y d
i s t r u s t o f Sh a ib aq s s a f e -c o n u c t s u e s t in
’
d gg g
t h a t Y a hy a s fa t e w a s i n t h e m in s o f t h e f u it i e s
’
d g v .
14 8 F A R G H AN A
h o rs e s pitt e d a n d r o a s t e d it s fl e s h r e s t e d o u r h o r s e s a wh il e a n d
, ,
d
ro e o n Ve r y w e a
.
r y w e r e a c h e d K h a l i l a - vil l a g
,
e b e fo r e t he
d a w n a n d di s m o u n t e d F r o m th e re it w a s go n e o n t o D iza k .
.
M T h ir
'
h ld
’
D a
’
In D i a z k j us t th e n w a s H a fiz u i t a i s s o n . .
,
.
Th e re in D i z a k w e re fa t m e a t s l o a v e s o f fi n e fl o ur pl e n ty o f
, , , ,
s w ee t m e l o n s a n d a b u n d a n c e o f e x c e ll e n t g r a p e s F r o m wh a t .
p r iv a ti o n w e c a m e t o s u c h pl e n ty ! F r o m w h a t s tr e s s t o w h a t
r e p o se !
Fr o m f e a r a n d h u n ge r r e st w e w o n (a m an i t ap taq)
A f r e s h w o r l d s n e w -b o r n l if e w e w o n (ja han i tap t fi q)
’
.
F ol 9 6 Fr o m o u t o u r m in d s d e a t h s dr e a d w a s c h a se d (r af a bfi ldi ) ,
’ ‘
Fr o m o u r m e n t h e h g p g k p b k ( f
. .
- d 1
)
‘
er a n e t a c a a b i d d i
’
u n .
N e v e r in a ll o u r l ive s ha d w e fe l t s u c h re l i e f ! n e v e r in t he
w h o l e c o u r s e o f th e m h a v e w e a ppr ec i a t e d se c u rity a n d p le n ty
is b e s t a n d m o r e d e l i g ht fu l wh e n it fo ll o w s
s o hi g hl y J y
o .
s o r ro w e a s e a ft e r t o il
,
I h a v e b e e n t ra n s p o r t e d fo u r o r fi v e .
t i m e s fr o m t o i l t o r e s t a n d fr o m h a rd s hip t o e a s e 2
T hi s wa s
W
.
t he fir s t e w e r e s e t fr e e fr o m t he a ffl i c t i o n o f s u c h a fo e
.
a n d fr o m t he p a n g s o f h u n g e r a n d ha d r e ac h e d t he r e p o se o f
s e c urity a n d t he r e l i e f o f a b u n d a n c e .
( c. B abu r in D ikh-ka t .
)
Aft e r d ays o f r e s t in D iz a k we s et o u t fo r Afi ra
thre e or fo u r ,
t ip a Pa s hagha r is a l i ttl e o ff t he r o a d b ut a s we ha d o c c upi e d

.
3
,
it fo r s o m e ti m e (9 0 4 w e m a d e a n e x c u rs i o n t o it in p a s s
in g b y In Pa s h ag ha r w e c h a n c e d o n o n e o f Khan i m s o ld
’
. ,
s e rv a n t s a t e a c h e r
4
w ho ha d b ee n le ft b e hi n d in S a m a rk a n d
W
,
fr o m w a n t o f a m o u n t e s a w o n e a n o th e r a n d o n qu e s ti o n i n g .
he r I fo u n d s he ha d c o m e th e re o n fo o t
, .
Khii b n i g ar Kh an i m m y m o th e r Khan i m s yo u n g e r s i s t e r
- 5 ’
,
1 x d
T h e t e t s i ffe r a s t o w h e t h e r t h e a st t w o in e s a r e r o s e o r e r se Al l l l p v .
f o u r ar e i n ur i b ut T k I l
s u r m i s e a c e r ic a e r ro r i n t h e r e f r a in o f t h e t h ir , w h e r e
, l d
bi2l i2b is w r it t e n f o r b d ld i .
3 T he sec o n d
w a s i n 9 0 8 A H (f 1 8 b) t h e t h ir i n 9 1 4 A H (f 2 1 6 b) t h e . . d . .
f o u r t h i s n o t e s c r i e in t h e B N d b d
it f o o w e B ab u r s e f ea t a t G h a j- i w an . . ll d ’
d d
in 9 1 8 A H (E r s i n e s H i s t ory of I n di a 1
. k ’
H e h a d a f t h , b u t o f a iff e r e n t , , fi . d
k in d whe n h e s u r i e
, o is o n i n 9 3 3 A H (f vv dp . .
3 M a i MS h M
a E l S
‘
a
q q .a s r q p .
y d n a s ra
q . . .
4 ti t an o n e w h o i n s t r u c t s i n r e a in
, w r it in a n d em ro i e r Cf G u l d g , g b d y . .
b a da n s H N f 2 6
’
T h e is t a n c e w a e m a y h a e e e n 7 0 o r 8 0 m
. . . . d lk d v b .
5 S h e w a s t h e w if e
o f t h e t he n o e r n o r o f A fi r a- t i a Mu h Il u s a in D ag hlat G v p , .
‘
1 50 F A R G H AN A
s h e ph er d s Th e ir s h e e p a r e re c k o n e d a t
.
e dis W
m o u n t e d a t t he h o u se s o f t he p e as a n t s in t he vi ll a g e ; I s t a ye d
in a b e a d -m a n s h o u s e H e w a s o ld 7 0 o r 8 0 b ut his m o th e r
’
.
, ,
wa s s til l a l ive S he w a s a wo m a n o n wh o m m u c h l i fe ha d b e e n
.
be s t o w e d fo r s he w a s 1 1 1 ye a r s o ld So m e re l a t i o n o f h e r s .
m a y h a ve go n e ( a s w a s s a id ) w ith T i m ar B e g s a r m y t o
’
, ,
H in dii s t an ; s he ha d th i s in he r m i n d a n d u s e d t o t e l l t he t al e
1
.
In D ikh-ka t a l o n e w e r e 9 6 o f he r d es c en d a n t s h e r s a n d he r ,
n d c hildr e n g r e a t - n d c h ildr e n a n d g ra n dc hildr e n s g ra n d

’
g r a g r a ,
c h il dr e n C o u n t i n g in t he d e a d 2 0 0 o f he r d e sc e n d a n t s w e re
.
,
r ec k o n e d up H e r g ra n d c hil d s g ra n d so n w a s a s tr o n g yo u n g
.
’
m a n o f 2 5 o r 2 6 with ful l b l a c k b ea rd , W h il e in D ikh -ka t I . ,
c o n s t a n tly m a de e xc ur s i o n s a m o n g s t t he m o u n t a i n s r o u n d
F ol 9 7b
. .
ab ou t G e n e r a l ly I we n t b a r e -fo o t a n d fro m d o i n g thi s s o
.
,
m u c h m y fe e t b e c a m e so th a t r o c k a n d s t o n e m a d e n o
,
di ffe re n c e t o th e m 2
O n c e in o n e o f th e s e wa n d e ri n g s a c o w
.
,
wa s s e e n b e tw e e n t he A ft e r n o o n a n d E v e n i n g pr aye r s g o i n g
, ,
d o w n by a n a rr o w ill-de fi n e d r o a d S a i d I I w o n d e r whi c h , .
,
‘
w ay th a t r o a d wil l b e g o i n g ; k e e p yo ur e ye o n th a t c o w ; d o n t
’
lo s e t he c o w t il l y o u k n o w wh e r e t he r o a d c o m e s o u t
’
Khw aj a .
-
As a du l lah m a d e h is j o k e
’
If t he c o w lo s e s he r way he s a i d
’
, , ,
wh a t b e c o m e s o f u s ?
’
In t he w i n t e r s e v e ra l o f o u r s o l di e r s a s k e d fo r le a v e t o
s
An dij an b e c a u s e th e y c o ul d m a k e n o r a id s with u s Q as i m .
B e g s a id with m u c h i n s i s t a n c e As th e s e m e n a re g o i n g se n d
'
, , ,
s o m e thi n g s p e c i a l o f yo ur o w n w e a r b y th e m t o J a h an gi r
M i rz a I s e n t m y e rm i n e c a p
.
’
Aga i n he urg e d W ha t harm .
,
w o uld th e re b e if yo u s e n t s o m e th i n g fo r T a m b al a lso ? ’
Th o u g h I w a s v e ry u n wi l l i n g ye t a s he urg e d it I s e n t T a m b a l , ,
-
'
a l a r g e b r o a d s w o rd whi c h N u y an K akaldash ha d ha d m a d e fo r
hi m s e l f in S a m a rk a n d T hi s v e ry s w o rd i t w a s whi c h a s wil l .
,
T im ar t o o k D ih li in 8 0 1 A H (D e c
1 i e 1 0 3 s o l ar a n d 1 0 6 l u n a r
. . . .
y e a s e ar l ier T h e a n c ie n t d a m e w o l d t h e n h a v e b e e n u d e r 5 y e a rs o l d
r . u n .
I t i s n o t s r p is i g t h e r e f o e t h a t in e p e a t in g h er s t o r y B ab
u r n r sh o u l d u se a r ur
ten se b et o k i g h e a -s a y m a tt e r (bar i b i ka da )
en n r n r .
2 T h e a n e c d o t e h e e f o ll o w i n g h a s b e e a l y se d in J R A S 1 9 0 8 p 8 7 i
r n na n
.
, , ,
o d er t o s h o w w a r a n t f o t h e o p i io t h t p a r t s o f t h e K h r -I lm in s ky t e x t
1 t ra n s l a t io n s f o m t h e P e s ia n W
r r r n n a e
ar e e -i -Br r . .
3 Am o
g st t h o se t h u s l e a v in g s e e m t o h a ve b e e n Q a mb a r -a li (f
n
‘
.
9 07 A H .
— J U LY I 7T H . 15 01 TO J U LY 7 1 11 15 02 A D
. .
be t o ld with t he ve n t s of ne xt e a r, c am e do wn on my o wn
e y
h ead ! 1
A fe w da ys la t e r , m y g r a n dm o th e r, Ai s an -d a u la t B e gi m , who ,
wh e n I le ft S a m a rk a n d , ha d s t aye d b e h i n d, a rrive d in B i kh -ka t F o l 98
. .
with o u r fa m i li e s and b a gga ge ( a u r iiq) a nd a fe w le a n and
h u n g ry fo l l o w e rs .
(d S ha ibaq Khan r a i ds i n T he K han

’
. s cou ntry . )
Th a t Kh an c ro s s e d t he Khuj a n d riv e r o n t he
w i n t e r S ha ib aq
ic e a n d p lu n d e r e d n e a r S hahru khiya a n d B is h -k i n t On h e ar .
in g n e w s o f thi s we g a llo p p e d o ff n o t r e ga rdi n g t he s m a l l n e s s

, ,
o f o u r n u m b e rs a n d m a de fo r t he vill a ge s b e lo w Kh u j a n d
, ,
o pp o s it e H a s ht -ya k ( O n e -e i g hth ) T he c o ld wa s m i ghtil y .
2 -
bitt e r a wi n d n o t le s s th a n t he H a d a rwe s h r a g i n g v io l e n tl y
3
,
t he wh o l e ti m e S o c o l d i t wa s th a t du r i n g t he t wo o r thr e e
.
d ays we w e re in th o se p a rt s s e v e ra l m e n di e d o f it W h e n , , .
n e e di n
g t o m a k e a b l uti o n I w e n t i n t o a n irri g a ti o n -
c h a n n e l , ,
fr o z e n a l o n g b o th b a n k s b ut b e c a u s e o f it s s wi ft c urr e n t n o t ,
ic e -b o u n d in t he m id dl e a n d b a th e d d ippi n g u n de r 1 6 t i m es , , ,
t he c o ld o f t he w a t e r w e n t q u it e thro u g h m e N e xt day we .
c ros s e d t he r iv e r o n t he ic e fro m o pp o s it e Kha slar a n d we n t o n
t h r o u g h t he d a rk t o B is h k i n t
- 4
S ha ib aq Kh an h o we v e r m u s t .
, ,
h a ve go n e s tra i g ht b a c k a f t e r plu n d e ri n g t he n e i g h b o urh o o d o f

S hahr u khiya .
ea th o
'
(e D f
'
. N uy an K akalda sh ) .
i s -
B h ki n t a t th a t t i m e was h e l d b y M u ll a Ha ida r s so n
,
’
, ,
‘
Abd u l- m i n an
’
A yo u n g e r s o n n a m e d M am i n a wo rthl e ss
.
, ,
a n d di s s ip a t e d p e r s o n ha d c o m e t o m pr e e i S m k d
y e s n c n a, a r a n
a n d ha d r e c e iv e d a ll ki n d n e s s f r o m m e T hi s s o d o m it e Mii m in .
, ,
fo r wh a t s o rt o f q u a r r e l b e tw ee n th e m is n o t k n o w n c h e ri s h e d , F OL 9 8 6.
.
' '
ra n c o ur a g a i n s t N uyan K ukuldash At t he t i m e w h e n w e .
,
h a vi n g h e a r d o f t he r e t i re m e n t o f t he Afi z be gs s e n t a m a n t o ,
1
Cf f 1 0 7 f o ot
. . .
2
T h e Sh N s e a s o f t h e c o
. . p k
i n t h a t wi n t e r (Va m b ér y ld ,
p. I t w as
l
u n u s u a f o r t h e S ir t o f r e e z e i n t h i s a r t o f it s c o u r s e
(Sh N p . . p . 1 72 ) w h er e it
x
i s e t rem e ra i ly
( o s t en o i ,pd K k ,
3 C
f f 4b . . .
4
P
o in t t o p
o in t , s o m e 5 0 m i es l .
q z F A R G H AN A
T he Kh anan d r h e d fr o m B i s h -k in t t o Sp e n d t wo o r th re e
ma c
d a ys a m o n gs t t he vil la g e s in t he B l a c k s m ith s d a l e Mull a
- l ’
H a idar s s o n Mii m in i n vit e d N u y an K akaldash a n d Ahm a d -i

’
,
q as i m a n d s o m e o th e rs in o r de r t o r e tur n th e m h o s pit a l ity

r ec e ive d in S a m a rk a n d W h e n I le ft B is h -k i n t th e re fo r e th ey
.
,
s t aye d b e hi n d Mii m in s e n t e rt a i n m e n t t o thi s p arty w a s g ive n

.
’
o n t he e d ge o f a r a vi n e ( ja r ) N ext da y n e w s wa s b ro u ght t o .
u s in S am - s i r a k a vill a ge in t he B l a c k s m ith s -d a l e th a t N u yan

’
W
, ,
wa s d ea d thr o u g h fa ll i n g wh e n dru n k in t o t he r a vi n e e .
s e n t his o w n m o th e r s b r o th e r H q -n a z a r a n d o th e r s who
’
a , ,
s e a r c h e d o u t wh e r e h e h a d fa l l e n Th ey c o m m itt e d N u y an t o .
t he e a rth in B is h -k i n t a n d c a m e b ac k t o m e ,Th e y ha d fo u n d .
t he b o dy a t t he b o tt o m o f t he r a vi n e a n a rr o w s fl i g ht fr o m t he
’
pl a c e o f t he e n t e rt a i n m e n t S o m e s u s p e c t e d th a t M am i n .
,
n urs i n g his tru m p e r y r a n c o u r h a d t a k e n N u y an s l i fe N o ne ’

, .
k n e w t he tr u th H is d e a th m a d e m e s t r a n g e l y s a d ; fo r fe w
.
m e n h a v e I fe l t s u c h g ri e f ; I w e pt u n c e a s i n g ly fo r a w e e k o r
t e n d a ys T he c hr o n o g r a m o f his d ea th w a s fo u n d in N uy an is
.
2
dea d .
W i th t he h e a t s c a m e t he n e w s th a t S ha ib aq Kh an w a s
c o m i n g up i n t o Aur a-t i p a H e r e u p o n a s t he l a n d is l e v e l
.
,
a b o ut D ikh ka t we c r o s s e d t he A h-b u r da n p as s i n t o t he M a c h a
,
-
hi l l c o u n t ry 3
A h-b u r da n is t he la s t vi l l a ge o f M a c h a ; j u s t
.
b e l o w i t a Spri n g s e n d s it s w a t e r d o w n (t o t he Za r -a fs h an ) ;
a b o v e t he s tr e a m is i n c l u d e d in M a c h a b e l o w i t d e p e n d s o n ,
P a l g h a r T h e r e is a t o m b a t t he s p r i n g -h e a d I h a d a r o c k
. .
'
a t t he s ide o f t he s pri n g -h ea d s h a p e d (qri t ir i b) a n d th e s e thr e e
c o u p le t s i n s c ri b e d o n it
I h a v e h e ar d t h a t J a m s h i d t h e m a g n i fi c e n t , ,
I n s cr i b e d o n a r o c k a t a f o u n t a in -h e a d 4
1 A ha n ga r an -f u lga s i d o n m a p s t o A n gr e n ( va ll e y)
, a n a m e n a rr o w e .
2 F a u t s h d N u an
a y T h e n u m e r ic a l v a l u e o f t h e s e w o r d s i s 9 0 7
. B ab ur .
w h e n wr it i n g l o o k s b a c k 2 6 y ea r s t o t h e d e a t h o f t h is f r ie n d
, .
3 Ah - b u r da n v i ll a g e is o n t h e Za r -a f s h an t h e p a s s i s ft a b o ve t he .
B ab u r s b o u n d a r ie s s t ill h o l d g o o d a n d t h e s p r in g s t i ll fl o w s
’
sea . S ee .
U jfa l v y l o i 1 4
. . Ko st e n ko i 1 1 9 a n d 1 9 3 R ic km e r s J R G S 1 9 0 7 p 3 5 8
.
, , , , . .
4 Fr o m t h e B il - s t i n (G r a f s e d Vie n n a 1 8 5 8 p T h e l a st c o u p l e t i s
’
e .
, .
a l so i n t h e G u li s t an
( Pl p h
’
m b y l h h -s t a
W
a t t s e d T e B o a . i t. e d o f t e B iz . . r:
e xp l a in s (p h h h d p l m J m h d d h i
3 )
9 t a
. t t e e o f t e t h ir c o u e t e a n s a s i a n s
p r e d e ce ss o r s wh o h a v e r e st e d b y h i f o u n t a in s .
U4 F AR G H AN A
(f B abu r with T he K ha n )
’
. .
d ays wh e n T a m b al ha d d ra wn his a r m y o u t a n d go n e
I n t he
-
i n t o t he B la c k s m ith s d a l e m e n a t t he t o p o f his a r m y s u c h
1 ’
, ,
a s Mu h D fi g hldt k n o w n a s Hisdr i a n d his yo u n ge r b r o th e r

.
, ,
H u s a i n a n d a l so Q a mb a r -a li t he S ki n n e r c o n s pi re d t o a tt e m pt
,
‘
,
his l i fe W h e n he d i s c o v e re d th i s w e i g hty m a tt e r th e y u n a b le
.
, ,
t o re m a i n with him ha d g o n e t o T he Kh an , .
T he F e a s t o f S a c ri fi c e s ( Id-i-qur b an ) fe ll fo r u s in Sh ah ‘
r u khiya ( Zfi l - i m h — J une 1 6th

h jj
’
a t . .
I ha d writt e n a q u a tra i n in a n o rdi n a ry m ea s ure b ut was in

s o m e d o u b t a b o ut it b e c a u se a t th a t t i m e I ha d n o t s tu di e d
,
p o e ti c idi o m s o m u c h a s I h a v e n o w d o n e T h e K h an w a s .
o d -n a tur e d a n d a l s o he wr o t e v e r s es th o u h o n e s s o m e wh a t
g o g ,
d e fi c i e n t in t he r e q ui s it es fo r o d e s I p re s e n t e d m y qu a tra i n .
a n d I l a i d m y do u b t s b e fo re him b ut g o t n o r e ply so c l e a r a s t o
re m o ve th e m H is s tudy o f p o e t i c idi o m a p p e a re d t o h a v e
'
b e e n s o m e wh a t sc a n t H e r e is t he v e r s e .
ll
O n e h e a r s n o m a n r e c a a n o t h e r in t r o u e (m ihn a t -ta ki s hi ) bl
p k
N o n e s e a o f a m a n as la i n h is e x i e (g hu r ba t-
. ta ki s hi) g d l
My o w n h e a r t h a s n o jo y i n t his e i e xl
C ll d g l d
a e a xl
is n o e i e m a n t h o u h h e b e (d lba tta ki s hi)
, g .
L ate r on I c am e t o kn o w th a t in T urk i v e r se fo r t he purp o se ,

'
of rhy m e , ta and da a re i n t e r c h a n ge a b l e a n d a l s o g he nn qdf a n d ,
2
heif .
(g . T he f a cc la imin ) g o the s ta n da r ds .
W h e n a fe w d a ys l a t e r T he Kh an h e a rd th a t T am b al ha d
, ,
o up i t A a r a-t i p a h e t h is a r m y t o h o r s e a n d r o d e o u t
g n e n o g o ,
fr o m T as hki n t B e tw e e n B i s h -ki n t a n d S am -si r a k he fo r m e d

.
up in t o a rr a y o f ri gh t a n d l e ft a n d s a w t he c o u n t o f his m e n
3
.
fl
1 k t his r e fe r s t o l a st y e a r s m o ve (f 9 4 f o o t )
t h in
’
. .
2 In ot h er w o r d s
t h e T p r e p o sit io n m e a n i n g E i n a t e tc m a y b e wr it t e n
, . ,
.
, , .
wi t h t o r d a s t a (t d ) o r a s d a (dd)
,
A l s o t h e o n e m e a n i n g E t o wa r d s m a y b e
. .
,
g ha qa o r ka (w it h l o n g o r s h o r t v o w e l )
, , .
3
d i m a w or d f o u n d d i i c u l t I t m a y b e a d e r i v a t iv e o f r o o t de t e ll a n d
T h e F ir s t W
, .
, ,
a n o u n wi t h t h e m e a n i n g o f E n g l is h t a l e (n u m b e r ) —i -B r e n d e r s . . .
i t by s u n a n d b y s a n A b h l -g h a i e xp r e s s e s w h a t B ab u r s d i m e xp r e s s e s t h e
’ ’
, ,
z ,
n u m b e r in g o f t r 0 0 p s I t o c c u r s t h r ic e in t h e B N (h e re o n f I 8 3 b a n d o n
. . .
, .
f 2 6 4 b)
. I n t h e E lp hi n s t o n e C o d e x it h a s b e e n wr it t e n -o v e r i n t o I v i m o n c e
. ,
r e s e m b l e s v i m m o r e t h a n d i m a n d o n c e i s o m it t e d T h e L a n d E Me m oirs . . .
9 07 A H .
— J U LY I 7T H . 15 01 T O J U LY 7 m . 15 02 A D . 15 5
T h i s do n e t he s t a n d a rd s we re a c c l a i m e d in Mu ghfi l fa sh i o n
,
.
1
T he Kh an di s m o u n t e d a n d n in e s t a n d a rd s we r e s e t u p in fro n t
o f him A Mu g hii l t i e d a lo n g s trip o f wh it e c l o th t o t he thi g h
.
b o n e (a ffir m a il ik) o f a c o w a n d t o o k t he o th e r e n d in his h a n d .
Thr ee o th e r l o n g s t r ip s o f whit e c l o th we re t i e d t o t he s t a v e s o f
-
th e e o f t he (n i n e ) s t a n d a rds j u s t b e l o w t he ya k t a il s a n d th e i r
r , ,
o th e r e n d s w e re b r o u g ht fo r T he Kh an t o s t a n d o n o n e a n d fo r .
m e a n d S l Mu h Kh an ik a t o s t a n d e a c h o n o n e o f t he t wo
. .
o th e r s T he Mug hii l w ho ha d h o ld o f t he s trip o f c l o th

.
fa s t e n e d t o t he c o w s le g th e n sa i d so m e th i n g in Mu g hfi l whi le
’
,
h e l o o k e d a t t he s t a n d a rd s a n d m a d e s i g n s t o w a rd s th e m T he .
Kh an a n d th o s e pre se n t s pri n k le d qum iz in t he d ire c t i o n o f

2
t h e s t a n d a rd s ; h a utbo i s a n d d r u m s we r e s o u n d e d t o w a rd s
th e m ; t he a r m y fl u n g t he wa r-c ry o u t three t i m e s t o w a rd s
3
th e m m o u n t e d c ri e d it a ga i n a n d ro d e a t t he g a l l o p r o u n d
, ,
th e m .
P re c i s e ly a s C hi n giz Kh an la i d d o w n h is r u l e s s o t he ,
M u g h al s s til l o b se rv e th e m E a c h m a n has his pl a c e j u s t .

,
w h e r e his a n c e s t o r s ha d i t ; ri g ht ri g ht — l e ft l e ft - c e n tre , , , , ,
c e n tr e T he m o s t r e l i a b l e m e n g o t o t he e xtr e m e p o i n t s o f t he
.
r i ght a n d l e f t T he C h i ras a n d B e gc hi k c l a n s a lw a y s d e m a n d
.
t o g o t o t he p o i n t in t he r i g ht ‘
At th a t t i m e t he B e g o f t he .
C h i ras t fi m an wa s a v e ry b o ld b ra v e Q as hka ( M o l e -m a r k e d) ,
M a hm u d a n d t he b e g o f t he re n o w n e d B e gc hi k t fi m an wa s
Ayii b B eg ehik Th e s e t wo d i s p u ti n g whi c h s h o u l d go o u t t o
.
,
t he p o i n t dre w s w o r ds o n o n e a n o th e r
, At l a s t i t s e e m s t o .
h a v e b e e n s e ttl e d th a t o n e s h o u l d t a k e t he hi g h e s t pl a c e in t he
h ti g c irc l e t he o th e r in t he b a ttl e -a r r a y
u n n -
, , .
N ext day a ft e r m a ki n g t he c ir c l e i t w a s hu n t e d n e a r S am ,
(p .
) i n se rt s w h a t s e e m s a o s s s a in t h a t a w h i o r b o w i s u se in t h e
303 gl , y g p '
d
c ou nt resu m a
, p he b ly
t he t e er t o ee l d by
h is ace i n t h e m ar c h a st ll k p pl p .
T h e S iy d s a t -n d m a (Sc h e f e r t r s 2 2 ) n a m e s t h e w hi as u se
, p
i n n u m e ri n
. . p d b g
a n a rm y
W
.
l in E M
1 Th
e a c c am a t io n o f t h e s t a n a r s i s e ic t e -i- d d
B Or 3 7 1 4 d p d . . . .
b v
.
f 12 8b
.
l
O n e c o t h i s s h e w n t ie t o t h e o ff f o r e -l e o f a i e c o w a o e t h e
.
g d lv ,
k n e e B ab u r s w o r
, e in
’
a fi r t ci d i l i k m i
( edb
-h a n
) g ‘
dd l d .
2 T
lb
h e i a t io n w a s o f f er m e n t e m ar e s -m i d ’
lk .
3 li t t h e
ir o n e w a y
.
.
1
Cf T R p 3 0 8
‘
. . . . .
F A R G H AN A
r
si a k th m v w m d t t h T a ak F r - d s On
x OI
; e nc e o e a s a e o e r o u g a r e n .
th a t da y a n d in th a t c a m p I fi n i s h e d t he fi r s t o de I
, e ver
fi n i s h e d It s o p e n i n g c o upl e t is a s fo l l o w s
.
E x c e pt m y s o u l n o fr ie n d w o rt h t r u s t f o u n d I (waf i d i r t dp m d di m )
, e
‘ '
e
E x c e p t m y h e ar t n o c o n fi d a n t f o u n d I (a s rdr tdp m ddi m )

, .
Th e r e w e re s ix c o u pl e t s ; e v e ry o de I fi n i s h e d la t e r w a s
writt e n j u s t o n thi s pl a n .
T he Kh an m o v e d m a r c h b y m a r c h fr o m S am -si r a k to t he
, ,
b a n k o f t he Kh u j a n d-riv e r O n e day we c r o s s e d t he wa t e r b y
fl
.
w ay o f a n e xc ur s i o n c o o k e d fo o d a n d m a d e m e rry with t he
,
b ra v e s a n d p a ge s Th a t day s o m e -o n e s t o l e t he go l d c l as p o f
.
my g i r dl e . N e xt d a
y B a y an -
q u li s Kh an -
q
’
ul i a n d S I M u h . .
W a i s e d t o T a m b a l E v e ry -o n e s u s p e c t e d th e m o f th a t b a d
.
d e e d Th o u g h thi s wa s n o t a s c e rt a i n e d A h m a d -i-q as i m K ohbu r

.
,
a s k e d l e a v e a n d w e n t a w a y t o Aur a- t ip a F r o m th a t lea v e he
.
d id n o t r e tur n ; he t o o w e n t t o T a m b a l .
5 8 F A R G H AN A
S ha ib aq Kh an h a d m a d e his a pp e a r a n c e Mu ghii l a n d T urk ,

1
a lik e m u s t gu a r d a g a i n s t h im ; th a t th o u g ht a b o u t him m u s t
t
be a en k whi le eh h a d n o t w e l l -
m a s t e r ed t he ( Afi z b e g) h o r de
—2
o r gr o w n v e ry s tr o n g fo r as th e y h a v e s a i d ,
, l
T o -d a y w h i e t h o u c a n s t q u e n c h t h e fi r e ,
bl
O n c e a a z e i t wi ll b
u rn u p t h e w or ld
Le t t h y f o e n o t s t r in fix
t o h is b o w g ,
W lh i e a n a r r o w o f t hin e c a n ie r c e h im p
th a t it w as 2 0 o r 2 5 ye a r s s i n c e th e y ha d s e e n t he Yo u n ge r 3
Kh an (Ahm a d A la cha ) a n d th a t I ha d n e v e r s e e n him ; s h o ul d

I b e a bl e if I we n t t o him n o t o n ly t o s e e him m ys e l f b ut t o
, , ,
b ri n g a b o u t t he m e e ti n g b e tw e e n him a n d th e m
F ol . 102 . U n d e r thi s pre te xt I pr o p o s e d t o g e t o u t o f th o se s urr o u n d
o n c e in M u g hii lis t an a n d T ur f an m y r e i n s w o ul d b e in
4
l u gs ; ,
m y o wn h a n d s w ith o ut c h e c k o r a n xi e ty -
I put n o o n e in
W
.
,
p o ss e s s i o n o f m y s c h e m e hy n o t ? B e c au s e it wa s im .
p o s s i b l e fo r m e t o m e n ti o n s u c h a s c h e m e t o m y m o th e r a n d ,
a ls o b e c a u s e it w a s with o th e r e xp e c t a ti o n s th a t t he fe w o f
a ll r a n k s who ha d b e e n m c o m p n i o n s in e xil e a n d priv a ti o n

y a ,
ha d c u t th e m s e lv e s o ff with m e a n d w ith m e s u ffe r e d c h a n ge o f

fo rtu n e T o s p e a k t o th e m a l s o o f s u c h a sc h e m e w o ul d b e n o
.
pl e a s u r e .
T he Khw aj a h a vi n g la i d m y pl a n b e fo re S h ah B e gim a n d
,
T he Kh an u n d e r s t o o d th e m t o c o n s e n t t o it b ut la t e r it
, , ,
o c c urr e d t o th e m th a t I m i g ht b e a s ki n
5
g l e a v e a s e c o n d t i m e ,
b e c au s e o f n o t re c e ivi n g ki n d n es s Th a t t o u c hi n g th e ir re p u t a .
ti o n th ey d e l aye d a l ittl e t o g iv e t he l e a v e
, .
(6 T he Young er K hdn
. c omes to T dshkin t .
)
At thi s ri s i s a m a n
c came fr o m t he Y o u n ge r Kh an t o s ay
th a t he wa s a c t u a l ly o n his wa y . Th i s b ro u g ht m y sc h e m e t o
fl
1 A s t o u c hin t h e m is n o m e r Mu gh ii l
g n a st fo r t h e im ur i
,
r u e rs
‘
dy y T d l
d d
i n H i n us t an it m a y b e n o t e t h a t h e r e a s B a u r is s e a kin t o a C h a g h a t ai b p g
Mu g h fi l h is ur is e ft t o a
, ,
, T k
t o h im s e f l pp l y l .
G l
2
v
u is t an c a
p ii i a x,im 1 2 ( a t t s e d
.
’
, M Pl . p .
T b k d
3
hi s a c wa r c o u n t is t o 8 9 0 A H w h e n A hm a ed f r o m c u t i a t e . d l v d
l d p
a n s (T R . . .
4
b l
It ec o m e s c e ar t ha t A h m a h a d a rea ee n a s ke d
t o c o m e t o T as h kin tl dy b d .
5 C
f f 9 6 6 f or h is r st e p art ur e wit h o u t h e
. . fi d lp .
9 08 A H — . J U LY 71 11 15 02. TO JUNE 26 1 5 . 15 03 A D . 1 59
na ug ht W h e n a se c o n d m a n a n n o u n c e d his n e a r a ppro a c h
. ,
we a ll w e n t o u t t o g iv e him h o n o ur a b le m e e ti n g Sh ah B e gi m ,
a n d his yo u n ge r s i s t e r s Sult an -n i g ar Kh an i m a n d D a ul a t ,
su l tan Kh an i m and I a n d S I Mu h Kh an ik a a n d Kh an, . .
M irz a ( W a i s) .
Be t we e n T as hki n t a n d S a ir am is a vil l a ge c al le d Ya g h a
(v ar Ya g hm a) with s o m e s m al l e r o n e s wh e re a re t he t o m b s
.
, ,
o f F a th e r A b r a h a m a n d F a th e r I s aa c S o fa r we w e n t o u t . .
Kn o wi n g n o th i n g e x a c t a b o ut his c o m i n g I r o d e o u t fo r a n
1
,
10 2 6
.
exc urs i o n with a n e a s y m i n d , All a t o n c e he d e sc e n d e d o n .

,
m e fa c e t o fa c e
, I w e n t fo rw a rd ; w h e n I s t o pp e d he s t o ppe d
.
, .
H e wa s a g o o d d e a l p e rtur b e d ; p e rh a p s he w a s thi n ki n g o f
di sm o u n ti n g in so m e fixe d Sp o t a n d th e r e s e a t e d o f re c e ivi n g ,
m e c e re m o n i o u s ly T h e re wa s n o ti m e fo r th i s w h e n w e w e r e
.
,
n e a r e a c h o th e r I di s m o u n t e d H e ha d n o t ti m e e v e n t o , .
di s m o u n t ; 2
I b e n t t he k ne e w e n t fo rw a r d a n d s aw him ,
.
H urri e dly a n d with a g it a ti on he t o ld S l S a id Kh an a n d B ab a ‘ ’
.
,
Kh an S l t o d i s m o u n t b e n d t he k n e e w ith ( bila ) m e a n d m a k e
.
,
m y ac q u a i n t a n c e 3
J u s t th e se t wo o f his s o n s ha d c o m e w ith
.
him ; th ey m a y h a v e b e e n 1 3 o r 1 4 ye a r s o ld W h e n I ha d .
s e e n th e m w e a ll m o u n t e d a n d w e n t t o Sh ah B e i m s pr e se n c e
’
, g .
Aft e r he ha d s e e n he r a n d his s i s t e r s a n d ha d r e n e w e d ac ,
qu a i n t a n c e th ey a ll s a t d o w n a n d fo r h a l f t he n i gh t t o l d
,
o ne a n o th e r p a r ti c u l a r s o f th e ir p as t a n d g o n e a ff a ir s .
Next day m y Y o u n ge r Kh an d ad a b e s t o w e d o n m e a r m s
,
o f his o wn a n d o n e o f h is o w n s p e c i a l h o r se s s a ddl e d a n d a ,
Mu ghfi l h e a d t o fo o t dr e ss a Mu ghfi l c a p a l o n g c o a t o f
- - — 4
, ,
C hi n e s e s a ti n w ith b r o id e r i n g o f s tit c h e ry a n d C hi n e s e
,
5
,
Y a gh a (Y a ghm a ) is n ot o n t h e F r m a p
1
. of 1 9 0 4 , b ut s u it a bly l o c at e d is
Tu r b a t (To m b ) t o w hic h r o a d s c o n v er g e .
2 E lp h . MS . t u s hku eha , H a i MS . .
y u kfi n ehci
‘
. T h e im o rt a n c e Ah m a p d
d t o c erem o n y
at t a c h e ca n b e in fer r e d by t he d l gv
eta i s i e n (f 1 0 3 ) o f h is .
m ee t in g w it h Ma hm fi d .
3
kar fi s hkai lar Cf e h o u se w h o i e s n o su
. R d
o rt f or r e a in
. t he er gv pp d g v b
kzer m a k as m e a n in g t o em br a ce
‘
'
.
4
bar k a t a f e t c a p ( e h o u s e )
, ll l
In t h e a e c t i e a R d
i e t o t h e c a p t h er e dj v pp l d
ar e s e e r a v
ar ia n t s T h e H a i MS wr i t e s m uf t fi l s o i o r t wis t e
lv T h e E lp h ld d . .
MS h a s m uf fi n -liz q wh ic h h a s ee n u n e r s t o o
. . . ,
. Mr E r s in e t o m e a n o b d d by k .
, g ld
e m roi er e b d d .
5 T h e w o r in
su d g gg
e s t s t h a t t h e d e 0 0 1 a t i o n is i n c h a in -st i t c h r ic ed u
p a nd , p k
do w n t hr o u h t h e s t u ff g .
F A R G HAN A
a r m o u r ; in t he o ld fa s hi o n th e y ha d hu n g o n t he le ft s id e a , , ,
h a v e rs a c k (cha n tai) a n d a n o u t e r b a g a n d thr e e o r fo ur thi n g s

1
,
u h w o me u l ly h a o n th e ir c o ll a r s p e r fu m e -h o ld e rs
s c as n s u a n g ,
a n d v a r i o u s r e c e pt a c l e s ;
2
in t he s a m e wa y thr e e o r fo ur th i n g s ,
hu n g o n t he r i g ht s id e a l s o .
F r o m th e re we w e n t t o T as hki n t My E l d e r Kh an d ad a .
a l s o ha d c o m e o u t fo r t he m e e ti n g s o m e 3 o r 4 y ig haeh ( 1 2 t o ,
15 a l o n g t he r o a d H e ha d ha d a n a w n i n g s e t up in .
a c h o se n s p o t a n d w a s s e a t e d th e r e T he Yo u n ge r Kh an we n t .
u p dir e c tly in fr o n t o f him ; o n g e tt i n g n e a r fet c h e d a c ir c l e , ,
fro m ri g ht t o le ft ro u n d h im ; th e n d i s m o u n t e d b e fo r e him ,
.
Aft e r a dv a n c i n g t o t he pl a c e o f i n t e r vi e w (kar ashar y ir ) he n i n e ,
t i m e s b e n t t he k n e e ; th a t d o n e we n t c l o s e a n d s a w (h is ,
b ro th e r ) T he E ld e r Kh an in his t u r n ha d ri s e n wh e n t he
.
, ,
Y o u n ge r Kh an dre w n e a r Th e y lo o k e d l o n g a t o n e a n o th e r .
'
(har dsht ilar ) a n d lo n g s t o o d in c l o s e e m b ra c e T he

Yo u n g e r Kh an a g a i n b e n t t he k n e e n i n e t i m e s w h e n re ti r i n g ,
m a n y ti m e s a l s o o n o ffe r i n g h is g i ft ; a ft e r th a t he w e n t a n d s a t ,
down .
A ll his m e n ha d a d o rn e d th e m s e lv e s in Mu ghfi l fa s h i o n .
Th e re th e y w e re in Mu g hfi l c a p s (bar k) ; l o n g c o a t s o f C hi n e s e
s a ti n b r o id e r e d w it h s tit c h e ry Mu hfi l quiv e r s a n d s a dd le s o f
, g ,
g r e e n s h a g r e e n -l e a th e r a n d Mu g hfi l h o rs e s a d o r n e d in a u n i qu e
,
fa s hi o n
fl
H e ha d b r o u g ht r a th e r fe w m e n o v e r 1 0 0 0 a n d u n de r
.
,
2 0 0 0 m a y-b e H e w a s a m a n o f s i n g ul a r m a n n e rs a m i g hty
.
,
m a s t e r o f t he s w o rd a n d b r a v e Am o n gs t a r m s he pr e fe rr e d
, .
t o tr u s t t o t he s w o r d H e u se d t o s a y th a t o f a r m s th e re a re
.
,
t he Sha sh p a r ( s ix - a n g e d m a c e ) t he p zyaz i (r u gg e d m a c e ) t he
- 3
, ,
kistin t he t a ba r -
‘
, z i n ( s a ddl e -h a t c h e t ) a n d t he balm ( b a ttl e -a x e ) ,
1 fi s h c ha n t ai Th e s e w o d h v b e e t a k t o m e a n wh e t -s t o n e (bilgfi
. r s a e n en
ta k)
s . I h a v e f o u d n o a t h o it y f o e a d i g l a h a s w h e t -s t o n e M o r e o ve r
n u r r r n s .
t o a ll o w b a g o f t h e s t o n e t o b e r e d w o u l d r e q ir e t as h ( i ng ) c ha t ai - s i in a u h n
t h t xt
e e .
'
2 l it b a - i
g .l k e t h i n g s S o m e w i ll h a v e h e l d s p a e b w -s t r in g s a n d a r c h e s
. r o r
r i g s a n d o t h r a rt i l e s o f
n , pai i g kit
e W it h t he g ift s it s e e m s p r o ba b le
c re r n .
’
t hat t he g h - g i r (f 1 7 ) w a s g i v n
os a . 0 e .
3
Vu l le r s , c la v a s ex
f ol i i s .
4
k
Ze n e r cas s e-téte , . K i s ti n w o u ld
s e e m t o b e form e d fr o m t h e root , hi s ,
c u t t in gbut , de M . C d . esc r ib e s i t a s a a at t ache b ll d by a st ra p o r c ha in to a

ha n e dl S a n g ki kh, a
.
’
s o r t o f m a c e (g u n ) .
F A R G HAN A
Q a b a a n d by w ay of t he -
A l ai s u b d i s t r i c t s
d e s c e n d e d s u dd e n ly 1
o n Afi s h W
e r e a c h e d i t at da w n
. u n e xp e c t e d ; th o s e in i t ,
c o u l d b u t s u rr e n d e r N a t u ra l ly t he c o u n t ry -fo lk w e re wi s h i n g
.
m u c h fo r u s b u t th e y h a d n o t b e e n a bl e t o fi n d th e i r m e a n s
, ,
b o th th ro u g h d re a d o f Ta m b a l a n d th r o u g h o u r r e m o t e n e ss .
A ft e r w e e n t e r e d Afi s h t h e h o r d e s a n d t he hi g hl a n d a n d lo w
,
l a n d t r ib e s o f s o u th e r n a n d e a s t e r n An dijan c a m e in
T h e Afi z ki n t p e o pl e a l s o w i ll i n g t o s e rv e u s s e n t m e , ,
and came in .
(A u t hor s n o t e on A
’
fi z ki nt .
) A fi z ki n t f o r m er ly
m u st h a e b e e v
c a it a p
of F a g
r h lan a ; 2 it h a s x ll
a n e c e e n t f o r t a n d i s s it u a t e on d
b o u n ar d y
(o f F a r gh an a ) .
T he Ma rg hi n an is l
t r t wo o r three
a so c am e in af e
h a vi n g b e a t e n a n d c h a s e d th e ir c o m m a n d a n t (da r og ha ) E .
An dij an e v e ry fo rt s o u th o f t he Kh uj a n d -w a t e r h a d n o w
,
in t o u s Sp it e o f t h e r e tu r n in th o s e d a y s o f s o m a n y
.
a n d s pi t e o f r i s i n g s a n d r e v o lt a g a i n s t h im T a mb a l d i ,
W
c o m e t o h is s e n s e s b u t s a t d o w n w ith a n a r m o f h o rs e
y
fo r ti fi e d ith dit c h a n d b r a n c h t o fa c e T he K ,
K a r n an a n d A khs i S e v e r a l t i m e s o v e r th e r e w a
.
in g a n d p e l l -m e l l b u t wit h o u t d e c i d e d s u c c e s s t o
In t h e A n d ij an c o u n t ry (wi lay a t) m o s t o f t he tri b e s ,
h o r d e s a n d t he fo r t s a n d a ll t he d i s t r i c t s ha d c o m e in t o m e
n a t u r a l ly t he A n d i an i s a l s o w e r e w i s hi n
j g fo r m e Th e y ho w .
e v e r c o u l d n o t fi n d th e i r m e a n s .
( d b s a t tem pt A n dijan f r u s tr a ted by mista ke )

’
B a
. u r to en t er a .
I t o c c u r r e d t o m e th a t if w e w e n t o n e n i g ht c l o s e t o
3
t o w n a n d s e n t a m a n in t o di sc u s s w ith t he Khw aj a
n o t a bl e s th e y m i g ht p e r h a p s le t u s in s o m e wh e r e
, W ith .
id e a w e r o d e o u t fr o m Afi s h By m i d n i g h t w e w e re .
F o rty d a u gh t e rs ( C h ihi l d u kht e r an ) 2 m il e s (o n e km

— -
A n dij an r m
F o th a t pl
. a c e w e s nt Q
e a m -
b a r a li B e g ‘
1 A lai -l i q
'
aii n d e r st a n d t h e m ar c h t o ha ve b e e n a l o n
hi n i . I un
n ort h n s l o p e o f t h e L it t l e A l ai s o t h o f A fi s h
er ,
u .
2 As of
Alm al i gh a n d Alm at fi (fo l 2 b) B ab u r r e p o r t s a t r a d it io n .
c a u t io T h e n a m e A a -k i n t m a y b e r e a d t o m ea n O wn v ill a g e
’
n . z ,
p n d e n t a s A i m-b g O w -b e g
e , e , n .
e w o u l d b e o n e o f t h e h e r e d it a r y K h w aj a s o f A n d i j an (f
3 H
.
9 08 A H .
- J U LY 7 1 11 15 02
. TO JUNE 2GI K . 15 03 A D .
w ith som e th e r b e gs who w e re t o di s c u ss m a tt e rs with t he

o ,
Khw aj a a ft e r by s o m e m e a n s o r o th e r ge tt i n g a m a n i n t o t he
fo rt . W hil e w a iti n g fo r th e ir r e t u r n we s a t o n o u r h o rs e s , ,
s o m e o f u s p a ti e n tly b u m p e d u p s o m e w r a pt a w a y in dr e a m , ,
wh e n s u d d e n ly a t a b o u t t he thi r d w a t c h th e re r o s e a w ar
, ,
c ry
1
a n d a s o u n d o f d ru m s Sl e e py a n d s t a r tl e d i g n o r a n t.
,
wh e th e r t he fo e w a s m a n y o r fe w m y m e n with o u t l o o ki n g t o , ,
o n e a n o th e r t o o k e ac h his o wn r o a d a n d t u r n e d fo r fl i ght
,
.
Th e r e wa s n o ti m e fo r m e t o ge t a t th e m ; I w e n t s tr a i g ht fo r
t he e n e m y O n ly Mi
. r Sh h
a Qd i ch h a n d B a b a S h e r-z ad ( Ti g e r
w h e lp ) a n d N asir s D o s t S pr a n g fo rw a rd ; we fo u r e xc e pt e d
’
,
e v e ry m a n s e t h is fa c e fo r fli g ht I ha d go n e a l ittl e way .
fo rw a r d wh e n t he e n e m y r o d e r a pidly u p fl u n g o u t h is w a r
, ,
c ry a n d p o u r e d a rr o w s o n u s O n e m a n o n a h o r s e with .
,
a s t a r r e d fo r e h e a d c a m e c l o s e t o m e ; I s h o t a t it ; it r o l l e d
2
,
o v e r a n d di e d Th e y m a d e a l ittl e a s if t o r e ti re T he thre e
. .
w ith m e s a id I n thi s d a r k n e s s it is n o t c e r t a i n wh e th e r th e y
,
a r e m a n y o r fe w ; a ll o u r m e n h a v e n o ff wh t h m l d
g o e a a r c o u
w e fo u r do t h e m ? F i g hti n g m u s t b e wh e n we h a v e o v e r t a k e n
o u r ru n -a w ays a n d r a l l i e d th e m Off we h u r ri e d g o t u p with
’
.
,
o u r m e n a n d b ea t a n d h o r s e - whipp e d s o m e o f th e m b u t do , ,
wh a t w e w o u ld th ey w o u ld n o t m a k e a s t a n d B a c k t h e fo u r
, .
o f u s w e n t t o s h o o t a r ro w s a t t he fo e Th e y d re w a l ittl e b a c k .
b u t wh e n a ft e r a di sc ha r g e o r t w o th e y s a w w e w e r e n o t m o r e
, ,
th a n th r e e o r fo u r th e y b u s i e d t he m s e lv e s in c h a s i n g a n d u n
,
h o rs i n g m y m e n I w e n t th r e e o r fo u r ti m e s t o t ry t o r a lly m y
.
m e n b u t a ll in v a i n ! Th e y w e r e n o t t o b e b ro u ht t o o r d e r
g .
B a c k I we n t with m y th r e e a n d k e pt t he fo e in c h e c k with o u r
a rr o w s Th ey p ur s u e d u s t w o o r t hre e ha r oh (4 -6
.
a s fa r a s
t he r i s i n g g r o u n d o pp o s it e Kh a r ab ii k a n d Pa s h am fi n Th er e .
w e m e t Mu h Ali Mu ba shir .
‘
S a id I Th e y a re o n ly fe w ; le t .
‘
,
u s st o p a n d
p t o u r h o r s e s a t th e m S o w e did W h e n we ’
u . .
g o t u
p t o th e m th e y s t o o d s t ill 3
, .
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,
v lb a lo ff s R éc eu i l s e t c
l R d p
1 F or se e r a at t e -c r ie s s ee T h
’
.
. .
322 .
2
qas hqa atl i q ki s hi F or a ara e hr a s e s ee f
. p ll l p .
3
b d
B a u r o e s n ot e a in h o w t h e im r o xpl
io w a s c e a r e b gl l d u
p t h er e m u st
ha v b
e ee n a d
r a m a t ic m o m e n t w h e n t h i s h a ene pp d .
fl
F A R G H AN A
se v e ra l v e ry s e rv i c e a bl e m e n s c a tt e r i n g in t hi s a tt a c k w e n t , ,
ri g ht a w a y t o Afi s h .
T he e xpl a n a ti o n o f t he a a ir s e e m e d t o b e th a t s o m e o f
'
Ayi1b B eg ehik s Mu g h al s ha d s l ipp e d a w a y fr o m Afi s h t o r aid
'
n e a r An d ij an a n d h e a r i n g t h e n o i s e o f o u r t r o o p c a m e s o m e
, ,
wh a t s t e a l th ily t o w a r d s u s th e n th e r e s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n c o n
i
fu s o n a b o ut t h e p a s s -w o r d T h e p a s s -w o r d s se ttl e d o n fo r u s e .
du ri n g th i s m o v e m e n t o f o u r s we r e T as hki n t a n d S a ir am If .
01
. (A u t ho r s n o t e o n p a
’
ss -wor ds
) P a s s -w o r s a r e o f t w o i n s — in . d k d
b
e a c h t r i e t h er e i s o n e f o r u se i n t h e t r i e s u c h a s D a r wei n a o r T aqqai b ,
’
o r L ii li t ; 1 a n d t h e r e i s o n e f o r t h e u s e o f t h e w h o e ar m
‘
F or a at t e l y . b l ,
t wo w or s a r e set t e d on as a s s- l d p
w o r s s o t h a t o f t w o m e n m e e t in d g
in t h e fig
ht o n e m a y i e t he o n e t he ot he r
, gv
i e ac t h e s econ ,
gv b k d ,
d d g
i n o r e r t o is t in u i sh fr ie n s f r o m f o e s , o w n m e n f r o m st r a n e r s d g .
T as h ki n t S a i r am w o u l d b e a n s w e re d ; if S a i r am
w ere sa id , ,
T as hkin t In th i s m uddl e d a ffa ir Khw aj a Mu h Ali s e e m s t o

.
,
.
‘
h a v e b e e n s o m e wh a t in a dv a n c e o f o u r p arty a n d t o h a v e g o t
b e wi ld e re d he w a s a S art p e r s o n
—
,
2—
wh e n t he M u gh al s c a m e ,
u p say i n g T as hki n t T as hki n t fo r he g a v e th e m T as hki n t ‘

’
, , , ,
T as hki n t a s t he c o u n t e r - s i gn Thr o u g h th i s th e y t o o k him

’
.
,
fo r a n e n e m y r a i s e d th e ir wa r -c ry b e a t th e ir s a ddl e -dr u m s a n d
, ,
p o ure d a r r o w s o n u s I t wa s thr o u g h thi s w e g a v e w ay a n d

W
.
,
'
th r o u g h thi s fa ls e a la r m we r e s c a tt e re d ! e wen t b ac k t o
Afi s h .
( e B abu r a
g a i n a t te m p ts A n dijan
fl
.
Thr o u gh t he r e t u r n t o m e o f t he fo rt s a n d t he h i g hl a n d a n d
l o wl a n d c l a n s T a m b a l a n d his a dh e r e n t s l o s t h e a rt a n d fo o ti n g
,
.
H is a r m y a n d p eo pl e in t he n e xt fi v e o r s ix d ay s b e ga n t o
d e se rt him a n d t o ee t o r e t ir e d pl a c e s a n d t he o p e n c o u n t ryfi ‘
O f his h o u se h o l d s o m e c a m e a n d s a id H is a ffa i rs a r e n e a rly ,
r u i n e d he wil l b re a k u p in t h r e e o r fo u r d ays utt e rly r u i n e d ,

.
’
O n h e a r i n g thi s w e r o d e fo r An d ij an , .
1 D a r wan ap d o o r i n a r o o f ) h a s t h e va r ia n t du r -dan a a s in g l e p e ar l
( tar a -
,
t fi qqa i p e r h a p
‘
p l r e l a t io n sh ip l i t la is a p ea r l a w il d c o w e t c
s im ie s
’
, .
a i MS s ai r t ki s h i Mu h Ali is l ik e l y t o b e t h e l ibr ar ia n (of i n d e x s n )

2 H ' ‘
. . . . .
. .
3 El h M
p S r a m aqg h
. a u t a r -d
g H. a i M S t a r t atg ha u tar - it
g Il m in s ky gi v e . . . s
n o h e l p v ar y i n g m u c h h e r e fr o m t h e t r u e t e x t
, T h e ar ch e t yp e o f b o t h MS S .
m u s t h a v e b ee n d iffi c u l t t o r e a d .
F A R G H AN A
At t he t o p ( bash) o f t he m o r n i n g , j u s t w h e n m e n a r e in s w e e t
s l e e p , Q a m b a r - a li B e g h u rr i e d p a s t , s h o ut i n g, U p with yo u !
‘
t he ene m h e re ! S o m u c h he s a i d a n d we n t o ff wi t h o u t a
y is
’
m om e n t s s tay I t wa s m y h a bi t t o lie d o w n e ve n in ti m e s o f
’
.
,
p e a c e in m y t u n i c ; u p I go t i n s t a n t e r p u t o n s w o rd a n d
, ,
q u iv e r a n d m o u n t e d My s t a n d a rd -b e a re r ha d n o t i m e t o .
a dj u s t m y s t a n d a r d
1
he j u s t m o u n t e d with i t in his h a n d , .
Th e re w e re t e n o r fi f t e e n m e n with m e wh e n w e s t a rt e d
t o w a r d t he e n e m y ; a ft e r ri di n g a n a rro w s fl i g ht w h e n w e ’
.
,
c a m e u p with h is sc o u t s th e re m a y h a v e b e e n t e n G o i n g , .
ra pidly fo rw a rd w e o v e rt o o k him p o u re d in a rr o w s o n h im
W
, , ,
o v e r -m as t e r e d his fo r e m o s t m e n a n d h u rr i e d th e m o ff e .
fo l l o w e d th e m fo r a n o th e r a r r o w s fl i g ht a n d c a m e up with his
’
c e n tr e wh e r e S l Ahm a d T a m ba l hi m s e l f w a s with a s m a n y a s
.
,
F ol . 10 7. 1 0 0 m en H e a n d a n o th e r w e r e s t a n d i n g in fro n t o f his a r r a y
.
,
a s if k e e pi n g a G a t e
2
a n d w e r e s h o u ti n g S t r ik e s trik e ! b u t ’
, , ,
his m e n m o s tly w e r e s idl i n g a s if a s ki n g th e m s e l v e s

, , S hal l , ,
‘
we ru n a w ay ? S h a l l w e n ot ? By th i s t i m e thre e w e r e l e ft ’
w ith m e ; o n e w a s N asir s D o s t a n o th e r M i rz a Q u l i K akaldask

’
, , ,
t he t hird Khud ai b i rd i a km dn s K a ri m da d I s h o t o ff t he ’
- - 3
.
,
a rr o w o n m y thu m b a i m i n g at T amb a l s h e l m
4 ’
W hen I p ut
, .
m y h a n d i n t o m y quiv e r th e r e c a m e o u t a quit e n e w g osha g ir - 5

,
1 I un d e rst a n d t h a t t im e f a il e d t o s e t t h e s t a n d a r d in it s u su a l r e st E . .
a n d d e C h a v e u n d e r st o o d t h a t t h e y a k -
. t a i l (gat i s tag hi f 1 0 0 ) w a s a p ar t t .
f r o m t h e st a ff a n d t h a t t im e f a il e d t o a d j u s t t h e t w o p art s T h e hi g h h o w e v e r .
i s t h e wh o l e s t a n d ar d m o r e o v e r if t h e t a i l w er e e v e r t a k e n o ff a t n i gh t f r o m
t h e s t a fi it w o u l d h a r d l y b e s o t r e a t e d i n a m e r e b i v o u a c
, .
2 a i s hi kli k tfi r lfi
q a s o n f 1 1 3 I u n d
, e r s t a n d t h is t o m e a n t h a t t h e t w o
. .
m e n w e r e a s f ar f r o m t h e ir f o ll o w e r s a s s e n t r ie s a t a G a t e a r e p o s t e d o u t s i d e
t h e Gat e .
3 So t o o P ier o o f Co s im o a n d L o r e n z o o f P ie r o o f t h e M e d ici Cf .
’
.
t he n am e s o f fi v e m en on f 1 1 4 . .
1 s ha s hti m
‘
T h e s ha s ht (t h u m ) i n a r c h e r is t h e t h u m -s hie
. u se o n t he b y b ld d
lef t h a n d
a s t h e z i h-
, g i r (s t r i n - ri
) t h e a r c h e r s r i n i s o n t h e r i h t - gg p
ha n ,
’
g ,
g d
t hu m b .
l
It i s u s e f u t o r e m e m e r w h e n r e a in b
a c c o u n t s o f s h o o t in ,
w it h t h e d g g
T k T k
u r i ( u r is h ) b o w t h a t t h e a r r o w s (a i iq) h a d n o t c h es s o
,
ri in t h e s t r i n
‘
g pp g g
yk p
t h at t h e e t in a c e u n t i r e ea s e pl
w it h t h e s t r i n l l d g .
5 s a r-i -s a bz g os ha g i r T h e g os ha -g i r is a n im e m e n t f o r r e m e
. in t he pl dy g
p
w ar o f a b o w -t ip a n d s t r in -n o t c h F o r f u rt h e r ar t ic u a r s s ee A g en i . p l pp d x C .
-
T h e t er m s a r i s a bz l it
- -
r e e n h e a d o c c u rs i n t h e s e n s e o f
, .
‘
q u g
i t e o u n , y g ’
or
‘
new
’
in t h e r o er
, p v b
T h e r e d t o n u e o ses t h e r e e n h ea ,
‘ ’
q u ot e i n g l g d d
,
t h e Ta ba qa t i -a kba r i a c c o u n t o f B a u r 5 ea t h A ie h e r e it o in t s t o b ’
d . ppl d , p
p
t h e go s ha -g i r a s a r t o f t h e r e c e n t ift m a e Ahm a t o B a u r g d by d b .
908 A H .
—
] U LY 7T H . 15 02 To J U NE 26 T H . 15 03 A D .
g iv e n m e by m
y Y o u n g e r Kh an d ad a I t w o u ld h a v e b e e n .
v exi n g t o th ro w i t a w a y b ut b e fo r e I g o t it b a c k i n t o t he q u iv e r ,
t he r e ha d b e e n t i m e t o s h o o t m ayb e t w o o r th re e a r r o w s , ,
.
Wh e n o n c e m o re I ha d a n a rr o w o n t he s t r i n g I w e n t fo rw a rd , ,
m y thr e e m e n e v e n h o ldi n g b a c k O n e o f th o s e t w o in a dv a n c e . ,
T amb a l s e e m i n g ly m o v e d fo rw a rd a l s o T he hi g h -r o a d wa s
1
,
.
b e tw e e n u s ; I fro m m y s id e he fro m his g o t u p o n it a n d c a m e , , ,
fac e t o fa c e in s u c h a wa y th a t his r i g ht h a n d w a s t o w a rd s
,
m e m i n e t o w a r d s h im H is h o r s e s m a i l e x c e pt e d he w a s
’
.
, ,
fu lly a c c o utr e d ; b u t fo r s w o rd a n d q u iv e r I w a s u n pr o t e c t e d ,
.
I s h o t o ff t he a rro w in m y h a n d a dj u s ti n g fo r t he a tt a c h m e n t ,
o f his s h i e l d W ith m a tt e r s in thi s p o s iti o n th e y s h o t m y r i g ht

.
,
le g thro u g h I ha d o n t he c a p o f m y h e l m ; T a m b a l c h o pp e d
.
2
F ol .. 10 7b .
s o vi o l e n tly a t m y h e a d th a t i t lo s t a ll fe e l i n g u n d e r t he b l o w .
A l a rge w o u n d wa s m a d e o n m y h e a d th o u g h n o t a thr e a d o f ,
t he c a p w a s c u t 3
I ha d n o t b a re d m y s w o r d ; i t w a s in t he
4
.
s c a b b a r d a n d I ha d n o c h a n c e t o d ra w i t S i n g l e -h a n d e d I .
,
w a s a l o n e a m o n g s t in a n y fo e s I t wa s n o t a t i m e t o s t a n d .
s til l ; I tur n e d r e i n D o w n c a m e a s w o rd a g a i n ; thi s ti m e

.
o n m y a rro w s W h e n I h a d g o n e 7 o r 8 p a c e s th o s e sa m e
.
,
thre e m e n r ej o i n e d m e 5
Aft e r u s i n g his s w o r d o n m e T a m b a l
.
,
s ee m s t o h a v e u s e d it o n N asir s D o s t As fa r as a n a rrro w
’
.
fl i e s t o t he butt t he e n e m y fo l l o w e d u s , .
T he Kh ak an -c a n a l is a g r e a t m a i n -c h a n n e l fl o wi n g in a ,
d e e p c u tti n g n o t e v e rywh e r e t o b e c r o s s e d G o d br o u g ht i t
, .
ri ght ! w e c a m e exa c tly o pp o s i t e a lo w pl a c e wh e r e th e re w a s a

p a s sa ge o v e r D i re c tly we ha d c ro s s e d t he h o rs e N asir s D o s t ’
W
.
,
wa s o n be i n g s o m e wh a t w e a kly fe l l d o w n
, e s t o pp e d a n d r e , .
m o u n t e d him th e n d r e w o ff fo r Afi s h o v e r t he r i s i n g -g r o u n d
, ,
mba l a i k i n diir B y t hi s t e n se I u n d e r s t a n d t h a t B ab u r w a s n o t a t fi r s t
1 Ta ‘
c .
s u r e o f t h e i d e n t it y o f t h e p s e u d o -s en t r i e s p ar t l y b e c a u s e o f t h e ir d is t a n c e , ,
p ar t l y it m a y b e pr es u m e d b e c a u s e o f c o n c e a l m e n t o f i d e n t i t y by a rm o u r
, , .
g a b fi ki i e t h e s o f t c a p w o r n u n d er t h e ir o n h e lm
2 dii wu l h
r . .
.
3 N ii a w d d ’
l bl -b a d a n a l s o t e ll s t h e s t o r y
‘
y n s s o r e a t t h e o w ( 97 )
f b G u l . .
(f 7 7) a p r o p o s o f a s im ilar in c i d e n t i n H u m ay ti n s c a r e e r B ab ur r e p e a t s
' ’
.
.
t he st o y o n f 2 3 4
T h e Se c o n d W-i -B h a s t a ke n t hi s a s f r o m
r . .
4
y aldag hld m ai dfi r a i di m
’
. . .
y altar m aq t o c a u s e t o g l is t e n a n d a dd s t h e g l o ss t h a t t h e s w o r d w a s r u s t y
, ,
2 17 f 7 0 b)
. .
5 T he x t e t h er e s e em s t o sa y t h a t t h e t hr e e m e n w e r e on f o o t , b u t t hi s i s
n e ga t iv e d b y t he co n t e t x .
F AR G H AN A
b e t w e en F a r aghi n a a n d Khirab ii k O u t o n t he ri se M a zi d . ,
T g a h a i c a m e u p a n d j o i n e d u s A n a rr o w h a d pi e r c e d h is
fl
.
r i g ht le g a l so a n d th o u g h i t h a d n o t g o n e thr o u g h a n d c o m e
ou t a ga i n he g o t t o Afi s h wi th d i ffi c ulty
,
T he e n e m y u n .
h o rs e d (tiishii r di lar ) go o d m e n o f m i n e ; N asir B e g Mu h Ali , .

‘
Mn ba shiz Khw aj a Muh Ali Kh u s ra u K kfi ldash N a m a n t he

,
.
‘
, ,
‘
1
p a ge a ll fe l l (t o th e m
,
a n d a l s o m a n y u n m a il e d b ra v e s
,
.
(g T he K hans m ove f r om K asan

. t o A n dijan .
)
T he l ly fo l l o wi n g o n T a mb a l di s m o u n t e d n e a r
Kh an s , c ose ,
A n dij an -t he E ld e r a t t he s id e o f t he R e s e rv e ( qim i g) in t he
'
d k w B i d -m i l l ( h b l i m
O
’
’
g a r e n n o n a s , r s t es e o n g gn t o y
r d m th A i an -d a u l a t B e i m -t he Yo u n e r n e a r B ab a
g a n o e r s g , g , ,
T a w a kku l s Al m s -h o u s e T wo d a y s l a t e r I w e n t fr o m Afi s h
’
.
a n d s aw t he E ld e r Kh an in B i r d s - mill At th a t i n t e rvi e w he
’
.
,
s i m ply g a v e o v e r t o t he Yo u n e r Kh an t he pl a c e s whi c h h a d
g
c o m e in t o m e H e m a d e s o m e s u c h e xc u s e a s th a t fo r o u r a d
.
.
v a n t a g e he ha d b ro u g ht t he Y o u n g e r Kh an ho w fa r ! b e c a u s e
, ,
s u c h a fo e as S ha ib aq Kh an h a d t a k e n S a m a r k a n d a n d w a s
w axi n g g re a t e r ; th a t t he Yo u n ge r Kh an ha d th e re n o l a n d s
wh a t e v e r his o w n b e i n g fa r a w a y ; a n d th a t t he c o u n t r y u n d e r
,
An dij an o n t he s o u th o f t he Khuj a n d -w a t e r m u s t b e g iv e n
, ,
him t o e n c a m p in H e p r o m i s e d m e t he c o u n try u n d e r A khsi

.
,
o n t he n o r th o f t he Kh u j a n d - w a t e r H e s a i d th a t a ft e r t a ki n g .
a fi r m g r ip o f th a t c o u n t ry ( F a r han a ) th e y w o uld m o v e t a k e
g , ,
S a m a rk a n d g iv e i t t o m e a n d th e n t he w h o l e o f t he F a rg han a
,
’
c o u n try wa s t o b e t h e Y o u n e r Kh an s Th s w o rd s s e e m t o
g e e .
h a v e b e e n m e a n t t o d e c e iv e m e s i n c e th e r e is n o k n o wi n g ,
wh a t th ey w o u l d h a v e d o n e wh e n th e y ha d a tt a i n e d th e ir
o bj e c t I t h a d t o b e h o w e v e r ! wil ly -mi lly I a g re e d
.
, .
Wh e n l e a vi n g him I w a s o n m y w a y t o t he Yo u n g e r
, ,
Kh s p e s en c e Q a mb a r a li k n o w n a s t he S ki n n e r j o i n e d m e
a n r
’
-
,
‘
, ,
in a fr i e n dly w a y a n d s a id D o yo u s e e P T h e y h a v e t a k e n t he ,
w h o l e o f t he c o u n t ry j u s t b e c o m e yo u r s Th e r e is n o O p e n i n g .
1A m o n st t h e g va r io u s u s e s o f t h e v e r b t as hm a k t o d e s c e n d in a n y wa y , ,
t he B N .o e s n ot . d a l lo w o f f a ll in g (d e a t h ) i n b a t t l e
‘
Whe n I m a de t he .
’
d x
in e o f t he Ha i MS f a c s im i l e t h is w a s n o t k o w n t o m e ; I t h e r e f o r e
. .
,
n
e rr o n eo u s ly ent e r e d t h e m e n e n u m e r a t e d h e r e a s k ill e d a t t h is t im e .
F A R G H ANA
r e m e dy s i m ply b e c a m e b o n e wh e r e th e re ha d b e e n b o n e b e fo r e
fl
’
.
H e t o l d m a ny s t r a n g e a n d m a rv e l l o u s thi n gs s u c h a s surg e o n s
in c u ltiv a t e d l a n d s c a n n o t m a t c h .
Th r e e o r fo u r d a ys l a t e r Q a m b a r -a li a fr a i d o n a c c o u n t o f
,
‘
,
wh a t h e ha d s a i d t o m e e d (t o T a m b a l ) in A n dij an A fe w
, .
d ays l a t e r T he Kh an s j o i n e d t o m e Ayab B eg ehik w ith his

,
t fi zn an a n d J an -ha s a n B ar in w ith t he B ari n td mein a n d a s

‘
, ,
r m - r h
th e i r a y b e g S a ig b as h M irz a 1 0 0 0 t o 2 00 0 m e n in a ll
-
,
—
,
a n d s e n t u s t o w a rd s Akhs i .
(h B abm
.
f
s ex p edition t o A khs i .
)
Sh a ikh B aya zi d a yo u n ge r b ro th e r o f T amb a l w a s in Akhsi ;
, ,
Sh a hb az e lii q w a s in K as an At t h e ti m e S h a h b az w a s .
,
lyi n g b e fo re N a-k in t fo r t ; c r o s s i n g t he Khuj a n d -w a t e r o pp o s it e

B ikh r at a w e h u r r i e d t o fa l l u p o n him th e r e
, W h e n a l ittl e .
,
b e fo r e d a w n w e w e r e n e a r i n g t he pl a c e t he b e g s re pre s e n t e d
, ,
t o m e th a t a s t he m a n w o u ld h a v e ha d n e w s o f u s i t w a s
fl
W
,
a dvi s a bl e n o t t o g o o n in b r o k e n a r ra y e m o v e d o n th e r e
’
fo re w ith l e s s s p e e d S h a h b az m a y h a v e b e e n r e a l ly u n a w a re
.
o f u s u n til w e w e r e q u it e c l o se ; th e n g e tti n g t o k n o w o f it h e ,
e d i n t o t h e fo rt I t o ft e n h a pp e n s s o ! O n c e h a vi n g s a id
.
,
T he e n e m y is o n g u a rd ! i t is e a s i ly fa n c i e d t r u e a n d t he
‘ ’
c h a n c e o f a c ti o n is l o s t In s h o r t t he e xp e r i e n c e o f s u c h
.
,
th i n gs is th a t n o e ffo r t o r e xe r t i o n m u s t b e o m itt e d o n c e t he ,
c h a n c e fo r a c ti o n c o m e s A ft e r -r e p e n t a n c e is u s e l e s s
. Th e re .
wa s a l i t tl e fi g hti n g r o u n d t he fo r t a t d a w n but we d e l iv e re d
n o s e r i o u s a tt a c k .
F o r t he c o n v e n i e n c e o f fo r a g i n g w e m o ve d fr o m N a-k i n t ,
t o wa r d s t he h i l l s in t he d i re c ti o n o f B is hkharan S e izi n g his .
o pp o r t u n ity Sh a hb az Qar lfi g a b a n d o n e d N a- k i n t a n d re t u r n e d
W
,
t o K as an e w e n t b a c k a n d o c c u pi e d N a- k i n t D u ri n g th o s e
’
. .
d ay s t he a r m y s e v e ra l ti m e s w e n t o u t a n d o v e r -ra n a ll s id e s a n d
,
t O th y v r - t h vil l f A k h i
q u a r e r s. n c e e o e ra n e a g e s o s o n c e ,
th o s e o f K as an Sh a hb az a n d L o n g H a s a n s a d o pt e d s o n
.
’
,
M i ri m c a m e o u t o f K as an t o fi ght ; th e y fo u g ht w e r e b e a t e n , ,
a n d th e r e M i ri m di e d .
(i The
.
Pap is
a fl
9 08 A H
tro n g a s
a ir s o
fa s t a n d s e n t a m a n t o m e
.
—
f
J U LY
P ap
t o Akhs i
) .
7m .
T he P ap is m a d e i t
fo r t b e l o n g i n g
15 02 T O
e a c c o rdi n g ly s e n t S a yy i d
Q as i m w ith a fe w b r a v e s t o o c c u py it Th e y c r o sse d t he riv e r

. W
JUNE
.
26 m
.
. 15 03 A D .
F ol . 1
1
( dary d) o pp o s it e t he upp e r vill a g e s o f Akhsi a n d w e n t i n t o P ap .
A fe w d a ys l a t e r S ayyi d Q as i m did a n a s t o n i s hi n g th i n g
,
.
Th e r e w e r e a t t he ti m e with Sh a ikh B aya zi d in Akhs i ,
I b r ahi m C hdp fi k ( Sl a s h fa c e) Ifa ghai Ahm a d -o f-q as i m K ohbnr

- 2 r
, ,
a n d Q as i m Khit ika A rg hii n T o th ese Sh a ikh B aya z i d .
j o i n s 2 0 0 s e rvi c e a b l e b ra v e s a n d o n e n i g ht s e n d s th e m t o
s u rpri s e P ap S ayyid Q as i m m u s t h a v e l a i n d o w n c a re l e s s ly
.
t o s l e e p with o u t s e tti n g a w a t c h
, T h e y r e a c h t he fo rt se t .
,
l a dd e rs u p g e t u p o n t he G a t e le t t he d ra w b r id g e d o w n a n d
, , ,
w h e n 7 0 o r 8 0 go o d m e n in m a i l a r e i n s i d e g o e s t he n e w s t o ,
S a yyi d Q as i m ! D ro w s y with s l e e p he ge t s i n t o his v e s t ,
(kfi ng ldk) go e s o u t with fi v e o r s ix o f his m e n c h a rge s t he e n e m y

, , ,
a n d d r iv e s th e m o u t with bl o w u p o n b l o w H e c u t o ff a fe w .
h e a d s a n d s e n t t o m e Th o u g h s u c h a c a r e l e s s lyi n g d o w n w a s
.
b a d l e a d e r s hip ye t with s o fe w j u s t by fo r c e o f dru b b i n g

, , , ,
t o c h a s e o ff s u c h a m a s s o f m e n in m a i l w a s v e ry b r a v e
i n dee d .
M e a n t i m e T he Kh an s w e re b u sy with t he s i e ge o f An dij an
b u t t he ga r r i s o n w o u l d n o t le t th e m ge t n e a r it T he An dij an .
bra ves u se d t o m a k e s a l l i e s a n d b l o w s w o u ld b e e xc h a n ge d .
(j . B dbm in v i ted in to A khs i )

f
.
Sh a ikh B aya zi d n o w b e ga n t o s e n d p e r s o n s t o u s fro m

Akhsi t o t e s ti fy t o w e l l -w i s hi n g a n d p r e s s i n ly i n vit e u s t o
g
Akhsi . H is o bj e c t wa s t o s e p a ra t e m e fr o m T he Kh an s by ,
a n y a r ti fi c e b e c a u s e wi th o u t m e th e y ha d n o s t a n di n - r o u n d
,
g g , .
H is i n vit a t i o n m a y h a v e b e e n g iv e n a ft e r a ree i n w ith his e ld e r

g g
b r o th e r T a mb a l th a t if I w e r e s e p a r a t e d fro m T he Kh an s i t
,
,
m i g ht b e p o s s i b l e in m y pr e s e n c e t o c o m e t o s o m e a rr a n e
,
g ,
1 T he d
a ry a h er e m e n t io n e d s e e m s t o b e t h e K as an -w a t er t h e r o u t e t a k e n
'
f r o m B is h kh ar an t o P a is s h e w n o n t h e F r m a t o l e a d p a s t m o d er n '
p p T ii p a .
q ar gh an . P ap is n o t m a r k e d b u t w a s I t h in k a t t h e c r o ss -r oa d s e a s t o f T o u s s
, , ,
( K a r n an )
2
Pr e s u m a b l y J a h an g ir s ’
.
F A R G H AN A
m en t with th e m . W
e g a v e T he Kh an s a h i n t o f t h e i n vit a t i o n .
Th e y s a id G 0 a n d by w h a t e v e r m e a n s la y h a n d s o n Sh a ik h
, ,
B aya z i d I t wa s n o t m y h a bi t t o c h e a t a n d pl a y fa l s e ; h e re
.
’
a b o v e a ll pl a c e s w h e n p r o m i s e s w o u ld h a v e b e e n m a d e ho w
, ,
wa s I t o b re a k t h e m ? I t o c c u r re d t o m e h o w e v e r th a t if w e ,
c o u l d ge t i n t o A kh s i w e m i g ht b e a b l e by u s i n g a ll a v a i l a b l e
, ,
m e a n s t o d e t a c h S h a ikh B aya z i d fro m T a mb a l wh en he m i g ht

, ,
t a k e m y s id e o r s o m e thi n g m i g ht t u r n up t o fa v o u r m y fo rt u n e s
W
.
e in o u r tur n s e n t a m a n t o him ; c o m p ac t w a s m a d e he
, , ,
i n vit e d u s i n t o Akhsi a n d wh e n we w e n t c a m e o u t t o m e e t u s , ,
b ri n g i n g m y yo u n ge r br o th e r N asir M irz a w ith him Th e n he , .
t o o k u s i n t o t he t o w n g a v e u s g ro u n d t o c a m p in (y iir t) a n d t o
,
m e o n e o f m y fa th e r s h o u s e s in t he o u t e r fo r t w h e r e I1
’
di s m o u n t e d .
(k T a mba l
. a sks help f
o S ha ibaq K han ) .
T a m b a l ha d s e n t his e ld e r bro th e r B e g T i lb a t o S ha ib aq , ,
Kh an wit h pr o ffe r o f s e rvi c e a n d i n vit a ti o n t o e n t e r F a rg han a .
At th i s v e ry t i m e S ha ib aq Kh an s a n s we r a rriv e d ; I will ’ ‘
he w r o t e O n h e a r i n g th i s T he Kh an s w e r e a ll u p s e t ;
’
com e , .
,
th ey c o uld s it n o l o n g e r b e fo re A n dij an a n d r o s e fr o m b e fo re it .
T he Yo u n g e r Kh an hi m s e l f ha d a r e p u t a t i o n fo r j u s ti c e a n d
o r th o d o xy b u t his Mu g hii ls s t a t i o n e d c o n t r a ry t o t he e xp e c t a
, , ,
t i o n s o f t he t o w n s -p e o pl e in Afi s h Ma rg hi n an a n d o th e r , ,
pl c e
a s —
,pl a c e s th a t h a d c o m e in t o m e b e g a n t o b e h a v e ill ,
—
III . a n d O ppr e s s iv e ly W h e n T he Kh an s ha d b ro k e n up fr o m b e fo re
.
An dij an t he Afi s his a n d Ma rg hi n an i s r i s i n g in t u m u lt s e iz e d
, , ,
t he Mu g h al s in th e i r fo rt s pl u n d e r e d a n d b e a t th e m dr o v e, ,
th e m o u t a n d purs u e d th em .
T he Kh an s d id n o t c ro s s t he Kh uj a n d-w a t e r ( fo r t he
Ki n di rli k-p a s s ) b u t l e ft t he c o u n try b y w a y o f Ma rg hi n an a n d
- -
K d i b a d am a n d c ro s s e d i t a t Kh uj a n d T a mb a l p u rs u i n g
W
a n ,
th e m a s fa r a s Ma rghi n an e ha d h a d m u c h u n c e rt a i n ty ;
.
w e ha d n o t ha d m u c h c o n fi d e n c e in th e i r m a ki n g a n y s t a n d ,
y e t for u s t o
g o a w a y with o u t c l e a r r e a s o n a n d le a v e th e m
, , ,
wo u l d n ot h a v e l o o ke d w e l l .
1 H e r e h is f a t h e r w a s k il l e d (f . 6 b) . Cf A p p. . A .
F A RG H A N A
or w h e th e r he p re t e n d e d t o m i s u n d e r s t a n d is n o t k n o w n ; ,
su dd e n ly h e did t h e il l -d e e d o f s e izi n g Sh a ikh B aya z id B r a ve s .
a ll s i d e s fl u n g th o s e t w o t o t he gro u n d "
F ol . 1 12 .
c l o s i n g in fr o m , .
Th ro u g h th i s t he a ffa i r w a s t a k e n p a s t a dj u s t m e n t ; we g a v e
th e m i n t o c h a rge a n d g o t t o h o r s e fo r t he c o m i n g fi g ht .
O n e s id e o f t he t o w n w a s put i n t o J a h an g i r M i rz a s c h a rge ;
’
a s h is m e n w e re fe w I t o l d o ff s o m e o f m i n e t o re in fo rc e him
, .
I w e n t fir s t t o his s id e a n d p o s t e d m e n fo r t he fi g ht th e n t o ,
o th e r p a r t s o f t he t o w n Th e r e is a so m e wh a t l e v e l o p e n
.
,
s p a c e in t he m i ddl e o f Akhsi ; I h a d p o s t e d a pa rty o f b r a v e s

t h e r e a n d go n e o n w h e n a l a rg e b o dy o f t he e n e m y m o u n t e d
fl
,
a n d o n fo o t b o r e d o w n u p o n th e m
,
d ro v e th e m fr o m th e ir p o s t
,
a n d fo r c e d th e m i n t o a n a rro w l a n e J u s t th e n I c a m e up (t he
.
l a n e ) g a llo p p e d m y h o r s e a t th e m a n d s c a tt e r e d th e m in fl i g ht
, , .
W hil e I w a s th u s d r ivi n g th e m o u t fr o m t he l a n e i n t o t he a t ,
a n d ha d g o t m s w o r d t o w o rk th e y s h o t m y h o r s e in t he le g ;
y ,
it s t u m bl e d a n d th r e w m e th e r e a m o n gs t t h e m I g o t up .
q u i c kly a n d s h o t o n e a r ro w o ff My s q u ire K a hi l ( l az y) ha d a
.
,
w e a kly p o n y ; h e g o t o ff a n d le d i t t o m e M o u n t i n g th i s I .
,
s t a rt e d fo r a n o th e r l a n e -h e a d S l Mu h W a i s n o ti c e d t he
. . .
w e a k n e s s o f m y m o u n t d i s m o u n t e d a n d le d m e his o wn I
, .
’
m o u n t e d th a t h o r se . J u s t th e n Q as i m B e g s s o n Q a m b a r - a li
, ,
‘
c a m e w o u n d e d fr o m J a h an gi r M i rz a a n d s a id t he M i rz a ha d
, ,
F ol 1 12 1 b ee n a tt a c k e d s o m e t i m e b e fo r e driv e n o ff in p a n i c a n d ha d
W
1
. .
, ,
g o n e ri g ht a w a y . e w e r e thu n d e r s tr u c k ! A t t h e s a m e
m o m e n t a r riv ed S a yyid Q as i m t he c o m m a n d a n t o f Pap ! H is

,
wa s a m o s t u n s e a s o n a bl e vi s it s i n c e a t s u c h a c r i s i s it wa s we l l
,
.
t o h a v e s u c h a s t r o n g fo r t in o u r h a n d s S a id I t o I b r ahi m .
B eg , W h a t s t o b e d o n e n o w ? H e w a s s l i g htly w o u n d e d ;
‘ ’ ’
wh e th e r b e c a u s e o f th i s o r b e c a u s e o f s t u p e fac ti o n he c o u ld ,
g iv e n o u se fu l a n s w e r My
. id e a w a s t o g e t a c r o s s t h e b rid g e ,
d e s t r o y i t a n d m a k e fo r An d ij a n a a e .
-
B b Sh r z ad di d v e ry w e l l
h e re \Ve wi l l s t o r m o u t a t t he g a t e a n d g e t a w a y a t o n c e
’
,
.
he s a id At his w o r d w e s e t o ff fo r t he G a t e
.
,
Khw aj a Mi r .
M i r an a l s o s p o k e b o ldly a t th a t c r i s i s In o n e o f t he l a n e s .
,
S ayyid Q as i m a n d N as ir s D o s t c h o pp e d a w ay a t B aqi Khiz I

’
‘
,
b e i n g in fr o n t with I b r ahi m B e g a n d M i rz a Q u l i K fi kii ldash

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1 T h e so b r i u e t K i z m a m e a n L e a p er o r I m p e t u o u s
q h y , .
9 08 A H .
— J U LY 7m . 15 02 TO J UNE 26 m . 15 03 A D .
As w e came pp o s it e t he G a t e w e s a w Sh a ikh B aya zi d w e a r

o , ,
in g his pul l o v e r s h i r t a b o v e his v e s t c o m i n g in w ith th r e e o r

- 1
,
fo u r h o r se m e n H e m u s t h a v e b e e n p u t i n t o t he c h a r g e o f
.
a h an g i r s m e n in t he m o rn i n g wh e n a g a i n s t m y w il l he w a s
J
’
, ,
m a d e pri so n e r a n d th e y m u s t h a v e c a r r i e d him o ff wh e n th e y
,
t w y Th y h a d th o u g ht it w o u l d b e w e l l t o kill h im ;
fl
g o a a e
.
th e y s e t him fr e e a l iv e H e ha d b e e n re le a se d j u s t w he n I
.
c h a n c e d u p o n him in t h e G a t e I d r e w a n d s h o t o ff t he a rr o w
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o n m y th u m b ; i t g r a z e d h is n e c k a g o o d s h o t H e cam e con ,
f u s e dly in a t t he G a t e t u r n e d t o t he r i g ht a n d e d d o w n a l a n e
W
.
,
e fo l l o w e d h im i n s t a n tly M i rz a Q u l i K akaldash g o t at o n e
.
m a n with his r u gg e d-m a c e a n d w e n t o n A n o th e r m a n t o o k .
a im a t I b r ah i m B e g b u t wh e n t he B e g s ho u t e d
, H ai ! H ai le t
h im p a s s a n d s h o t m e in t he a r m -pit fr o m a s n e a r a s a m a n o n ,
g u a r d a t a G a t e T w o pl a t e s. o f m y Q a l m a q m a il w e r e c u t ;
h e t o o k t o fl i g ht a n d I s h o t a ft e r him N e xt I s h o t a t a m a n .
ru n n i n
g a w a y a l o n g t h e r a m p ar t s a d j u s ti n g fo r his c a p a g a i n s t ,
t he b a ttl e m e n t s ; he l e ft his c a p n a i l e d o n t he w a l l a n d w e n t o ff ,
-
g a th e r i n g his t u r b a n s a s h t o g e th e r in his h a n d Th e n a g a i n .
,
a m a n w a s in fli g ht a l o n g s id e m e in t he l a n e d o w n wh i c h
S h a ikh B ayaz id ha d go n e I pri c k e d t he b a c k o f his h e a d .
with m y s w o rd ; he b e n t o v e r fr o m his h o r se t il l he l e a n e d
a g a i n s t t he w a ll o f t he l a n e b u t he k e pt his s e a t a n d w ith
,
s o m e tr o u bl e m a d e
g o o d his fl i g ht
, W h e n w e h a d d r iv e n a ll .
’
t he e n e m y s m e n fr o m t he G a t e w e t o o k p o s s e s s i o n o f i t b ut ,
t he a ffa i r w a s p a s t d i s c u ss i o n b e c a u s e th e y in t he c it a d e l w e r e , ,
2 000 o r 3 0 0 0 w e in t he o u t e r fo r t 1 0 0 o r 2 0 0
, , M o re o v e r th e y , .
h a d c h a s e d o ff J a h an g ir M i rz a a s l o n g b e fo r e as i t t a k e s m i l k ,
t o b o i l a n d with him h a d g o n e h a l f m m e n T h i s n o t w it h
,
y .
s t a n di n
g we s e n t a m a n whi l e we w e r e in t he G a t e t o s a y t o
, , ,
him If yo u a re n e a r a t h a n d c o m e le t u s a tt a c k a a i n
‘ ’
,
g , , .
B ut t he m a tt e r ha d g o n e p a s t th a t ! I b r ah i m B e g e ith e r ,
b e c a u s e his h o rs e w a s re a l ly w e a k o r b e c a u s e o f his w o u n d ,
My h o r s e is d o n e O n thi s S ul a i m an o n e o f Mu h
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s a id
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, .
, ,
A l i s Mn ba shir s s e r v a n t s d id a
.
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p l u c ky th i n g fo r w ith m a tt e r s
, ,
a s th e y w e r e a n d n o n e c o n s t r a i n i n hi m w hi l w r w it
g e w e e e a ,
1 kfi i lak , s yn kan g ld h a s h ir t n o t o e n in a t t h e
.
, p g b r ea st It wi ll h a v b e ee n
v bl
.
a sh o rt g a r m e n t s in c e t h e u n e r - e s t w a s d
is i e v .
F A R G H AN A
in g in t he G a t e h e d i s m o u n t e d a n d g a ve his h o r s e t o I b r ah i m
,
B eg Ki c h i k ( littl e )
. Al i n ow t e h G o ve o r o f Ko e l a l s o
r n 1 ‘
, ,
s h e w e d c o u ra g e whil e w e w e r e in t he G a t e ; he w a s a r e t a i n e r
o f S I Mu h W a i s a n d twi c e d i d w e l l
. . h e re a n d in Afi s h e , . W
d e l ay e d in t he G a t e til l th o s e s e n t t o J a h an gi r M i rz a c a m e b a c k
a n d s a i d h e h a d g o n e o ff l o n g b e fo r e I t wa s t o o l a t e t o s t ay .
th e re ; o ff w e fl u n g ; i t w a s i ll -j ud g e d t o h a v e s t aye d a s l o n g a s
we did T w e n ty o r thi r ty m e n w e r e w ith m e J u s t a s w e
. .
h u s tl e d o u t o f t he G a t e a n u m b e r o f a r m e d m e n c a m e ri g ht ,
d o w n u p o n u s r e a c h i n g t he t o w n -s i d e o f t he dr a w b r id g e j u s t a s
,
w e ha d c r o s s e d B a n d a - a li t he m a t e r n a l g ra n d fa th e r o f ‘
.
,
’
Q as i m B e g s s o n H a m z a c a l l e d o u t t o I b r ah i m B e g Yo u a r e
, , ,
a lw ay s b o a s ti n g o f y o u r z ea l !
’
L e t s t a k e t o o ur s w o r d s !
’
W h a t hi n d e r s ? C o m e a l o n g s a i d I b r ah i m B e g fro m b e s i d e ,
me T he s e n se l e s s fe l l o w s w e r e fo r di s pl a yi n g th e i r z e a l a t a
.
ti m e o f s u c h di s a s t e r ! Ill-t i m e d z e al ! Th a t w a s n o ti m e t o
m a ke sta n d o r de l ay ! e w e n t o ff qui c kly t h e e n e m y fo l l o w W ,
in g a n d u n h o r s i n g o u r m e n .
(m B abu r a f ug i tiv e bef o r e T a mba l s m en )

’
. .
W h e n w e w e r e p a s s i n g M e a d o w -d o m e ( G u m b a z -i-c h a m a n ) ,
t wo m il e s o u t o f A khs i I b r ah i m B e g c a l l e d o u t t o m e ,
L o o ki n g .
b a c k I s a w a p a ge o f S h a ikh B aya z i d s s t r iki n g a t him a n d

’
t u r n e d r e i n b u t B ayan -q u li s Kh an -q u l i s a i d a t m y s id e Thi s
,
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, ,
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is a b a d ti m e fo r g o i n g b a c k s e iz e d m y r e i n a n d p u s h e d a h e a d
’
.
,
M a n y o f o u r m e n ha d b e e n u n h o r s e d b e fo r e we r e a c h e d S a n g ,
3
4 m il e s ( 2 s h a r i) o u t o f A k h s i S ‘
e e i n g n o pur s u e r s a t S a n g we .
,
1 i e w h e n B ab u r w a s wr it in g in H i n d fi s t an
. . E x a c t l y a t wh at d a t e h e .
m a d e t h is e n t r y is n o t s u r e A l i w a s in K o e l in 9 3 3 A H (f 3 1 5 ) a n d t h e n t a k e n
‘
. . .
pr is o n e r b u t B ab u r d o e s n o t sa y h e w a s k ill e d — a s h e w e l l m igh t s a y o f a
, ,
m a r k e d m a n a n d a s t h e c a p t or w a s him s e l f t a k e n s h o r t ly a f t e r A li m a y
‘
, , ,
h a v e b e e n r e l e a s e d a n d m a y h a v e b e e n in K o e l a g a in
,
S o t h a t t h e st a t e m e n t .
n o w in K o e l m a y r e f er t o a t im e l a t e r t h a n h i s c a p t u r e T h e in t e r e s t o f .
t h e p o in t i s i n it s e l a t io n t o t h e d a t e o f c o m p o s it i o n o f t h e B abu r -n ama
r .
N o r e c o r d o f A l i s b r a v e r y i n A fi s h h a s b ee n p r e s e r v e d T h e r e fere n c e
‘ ’
.
h e r e m a d e t o it m a y in d ic a t e s o m e t h in g a t t e m p t e d i n 9 0 8 A H a ft e 1 B ab u r s
’
.
a dv e n t r e i n K ar n an (f 1 1 8 b o r i n 9 0 9 A H fr o m S fi kh Cf Tr a n s l a t o r s n o t e
’
u
) . . . .
f . 1 18b .
2 aa
p e hi n l i k . Va m b ér y g ep a n z er t ,
Sh a w , f o u r h o r s e -s h o es and t h e ir n ai s l
S t e in ga s s a fi p e ha -khan a a u a r -h o u s e
,
‘
,
g d .
3 Sa n g
i s a f e r r -s t a t io n ( o s t e n o i y K k , ,
P ap m a y w e ll ha v e b ee n
g
re r et t e
(f 1 0 9 b a n d
d f 1 1
. 2 b) T h e w e -m a r . ll ke d f e a t u r es o f t h e F ren ch m ap
o f 1 9 0 4 a o w s B ab u r s ll i ht t o b e f o ow e
’
flg ll d .
F AR G H AN A
and v e m e his I m o u n t e d his he m i n e H e wa s l e ft
fl
g a , . .
Khw aj a H u s a i n i w a s a l a m e m a n ; he t u r n e d a s i d e t o t he
hi g h e r g r o u n d I wa s l e ft with M irz a Qul i K fi ki ilda sh O u r
‘ ‘
. .
F ol . 1 15 . h o r s e s c o u ld n o t p o s s ibly g a l l o p th e y t r o tt e d H is b e ga n t o , .
ag . S a id I W h a t w i ll b e c o m e o f m e if yo u fa l l b e hi n d ?
,
‘
,
C o m e a l o n g ! l e t s l iv e o r d ie t o ge th e r ’
S e ve ra l t i m e s I .
’
l o o k e d b a c k a t him ; a t l a s t he s a i d My h o r s e is d o n e ! I t ,
‘
c a n t go o n N e v e r m i n d m e ! Y o u g o o n p e rh a p s yo u w il l
’
.
,
m e r a b l e p o s iti o n fo r m e ; he r e m a i n e d
’
g e t a w a y I t
. w a s a i s
b e hi n d I wa s a l o n e
,
.
T wo o f t he e n e m y w e re in s i g ht o n e B ab a o f S a i r am t he , ,
th r B d - a li Th e y g a i n e d o n m e ; m y h o rs e w a s d o n e ;
‘
o e a n a .
t he m o u n t a i n s w e re s til l 2 m i l e s ( 1 ha r oh) o ff A pil e o f r o c k .
w a s in m y p a th Th o u g ht I t o m yse l f My h o r s e is w o r n o u t
.
,
a n d t he h il l s a r e s t i l l s o m e wh a t fa r a w a y ; w h i c h w a s h o u l d I
y
g o ? I n m y q u iv e r a r e a t l e a s t 2 0 a r r o w s ; s h o u ld I di s m o u n t a n d
s h o o t th e m o ff fr o m t hi s p il e o f r o c k ? Th e n a ga i n I t h o u g h t ’
I m i g ht r e a c h t he hil l s a n d o n c e th e r e s t i c k a few a r r o w s in
,
,
m y b e l t a n d s c ra m b l e u p I ha d a go o d d e a l o f c o n fid e n c e in
.
m y fe e t a n d w e n t o n wi th th i s pl a n in m i n d , My h o r s e c o ul d .
n o t p o s s i b ly t r o t ; t he t w o m e n c a m e wi th i n a r r o w s r e a c h
’
.
F0] . I 1 5 6. F o r m y o w n s a k e s p a r i n g m y a rr o w s I d id n o t s h o o t ; th e y , ,
o u t o f c a u ti o n c a m e n o n e a re r , B y s u n s e t I w a s n e a r t he.
h ill s S u dd e n ly th e y c a ll e d o u t W h e r e a r e yo u g o i n g in thi s
. ,
fa s h i o n ? J a h an gi r M i rz a ha s b ee n b r o u g ht in a p r i s o n e r ;
N asi r M i rz a a l s o is in th e ir h a n d s I m a d e n o re ply a n d w e n t .
’
o n t o w a r d s t h e h il l s W h e n a g o o d di s t a n c e fu r th e r ha d b e e n
.
th y p k a i n thi s t i m e m o r e r e s p e c t fu lly d i s m o u n t
g o n e ,
e s o e a g , ,
in g t o s p e a k I ga v e n o e a r t o th e m b u t w e n t o n u p a g l e n
.
t il l a t t he B e d -t i m e p r a y e r I r e a c h e d a r o c k a s b ig a s a h o u s e
, , .
G o i n g b e hi n d it I s a w th e re w e r e pl a c e s t o b e j u m p e d wh e re
, ,
no h o rs e c o u l d g o Th e y di s m o u n t e d a ga i n a n d b e g a n t o
.
s p e a k l ik e s e r v a n t s a n d c o urt e o u s ly S a id th e y W h e re a re ‘
.
,
y o u g o i n g i n thi s f a s hi o n with o u t a r o a d a n d in t he d a r k ?
,
S l Ahm a d T a m b a l w i l l m a k e yo u p ads hah:

. Th e y s w o r e thi s .
S a id I M y m i n d is n o t e a s y a s t o th a t I c a n n o t g o t o him
,
. .
F ol 1 16 . If yo u thi n k t o do m e t i m e ly s e r vi c e y e a r s m a y p a s s b e fo re ,
y o u h a v e s u c h a n o th e r c h a n c e G uid e m e t o a r o a d by
. wh i c h
9 08 A H — . J U LY 7T H . 15 02 T o J UNE 26 T H . 15 03 A D . 1 79
I c an go Kh an s pre s e n c e If yo u w i l l do thi s I w il l
t o T he
’
. ,
s h e w yo u fa v o u r a n d ki n d n e ss g r e a t e r th a n yo u r h e a rt s d e s ir e
- ’
If y o u w i l l n o t do it go b a c k t he way yo u c a m e ; th a t a l s o ,
w o ul d b e t o s e rv e m e w e l l S a i d th e y W o u l d t o G o d we ha d
.
’
,
n e ve r c o m e ! B ut s i n c e we a re h e re a ft e r fo l l o wi n g yo u in t he ,
w a y we h a v e do n e ho w c a n w e g o b a c k fr o m yo u ? ,
If yo u
’
w il l n o t g o w ith u s w e a r e a t yo ur se rv i c e wh e r e v e r yo u g o
, ,
.
S aid I Sw e a r th a t yo u s p e a k t he truth
, Th ey fo r th e ir p a rt .
’
, ,
m a de s o l e m n o a th up o n t he H o ly B o o k .
I a t o n c e c o n fi d e d in th e m a n d s a id P e o pl e h a ve s h e w n m e ,
a r o a d thr o u g h a b r o a d v a l l e y s o m e wh e re n e a r th i s g l e n ; t a k e ,
m e t o it Spit e o f th e i r o a th m y tr u s t in th e m w a s n o t s o
.
’
,
c o m pl e t e b u t th a t I g a v e th e m t he l e a d a n d fo ll o w e d Aft e r 2 .
t o 4 m il e s ( 1 -2 kn r oh) we c a m e t o t he b e d o f a t o rre n t , Th i s .
w i ll n o t b e t he r o a d fo r t he br o a d v a l l ey I s a id Th e y dre w ’
, .
b a c k s ayi n g Th a t r o a d is a l o n g w a y a h e a d but i t re a l ly m u s t
, , ,
’
h a v e b e e n t he o n e we w e r e o n a n d th ey h a ve b e e n c o n c e a l i n g
t he fa c t in o rd e r t o d e c e iv e m e Ab o ut h a l f th r o u g h t he n i g ht
W
.
, ,
we r e a c h e d a n o th e r s t re a m Thi s t i m e th ey s a id e h a ve
‘
.
,
b e e n n e g li g e n t ; i t n o w s e e m s t o u s th a t t he ro a d th ro u g h t he
br o a d v a l l e y is b e hi n d S a id I W h a t is t o b e d o n e ? S a i d
.
’
,
’
th ey T he G h a w a r o a d is c e r t a i n ly in fr o n t ; by it p e o p le c r o ss
,
fo r F a r ka t
- 1
Th e y g u id e d m e fo r th a t a n d w e w e n t o n t il l in
. F ol . 1
t h e thi r d w a t c h o f t he n i g ht we r e a c h e d t h e K a r n an g u lly
whi c h c o m e s d o w n fro m G h a w a H e r e B ab a S air am i s a i d .
,
St ay h e r e a l ittl e wh il e I l o o k a l o n g t he G h a w a ro a d He .
’
c a m e b a c k a ft e r a ti m e a n d s a i d S o m e m e n h a v e go n e a l o n g ,
th a t ro a d le d b y o n e w e a ri n g a M u g h al c a p ; th e re is n o g o i n g
,
th a t w a y I t o o k a l a r m a t th e s e w o rd s Th e r e I wa s a t
.
’
.
,
d a w n in t he m iddl e o f t he c u lt iv a t e d l a n d fa r fr o m t he r o a d I
, ,
w a n t e d t o t a k e S a id I G u id e m e t o wh e re I c a n hid e t o
.
,
‘
d a y a n d t o n i g ht wh e n yo u wil l h a v e l a i d h a n d s o n s o m e thi n g
,
f o r t he h o r se s l e a d m e t o c r o s s t he Kh uj a n d -w a t e r a n d a l o n g
,
i t s fu r th e r b a n k S a id th e y O ve r th e re o n t he u pl a n d th e r e
’
.
, , ,
’
m i g ht b e h id i n g .
B a n d a - a li wa s C o m m a n d a n t in K a r n an
‘
Th e re is n o d o i n g .
‘
w i th o ut fo o d fo r o u r s e lv e s o r o u r h o r s e s h e s a id le t m e g o ,
‘
1 C
f f 9 6 b a n d F r M a p
. f o r r
. o t e o v e r t h e K i n d ir -t au . u .
F A RG H AN A
i n t o K ar n an a n d b ri n g w h a t I c a n fi n d e s t o pp e d 2 m il e s .
’
W
( 1 k n r oh) o u t o f K a rn an ; he w e n t o n H e wa s a l o n g t i m e .
a w a y ; n e a r d a w n th e r e w a s n o s i g n o f him T he d a y ha d s h o t .
wh e n he h u rr i e d u p b r i n g i n g thr e e l o a v e s o f b r e a d b ut n o c o r n
,
fo r t he h o rs es E a c h o f u s putti n g a l o a f i n t o t he b r e a s t o f his
.
t u n i c w e w e n t q u i c kly u p t he r i s e t e th e r e d o u r h o r s e s th e r e in
, ,
t he o p e n v a ll e y a n d w e n t t o hi g h e r g r o u n d e a c h t o k e e p w a t c h , .
F ol . 1 17 .
N ea r m id-day Ahm a d t he Fa l c o n e r w e n t a l o n g t he G h a w a
,
r o a d fo r Akhsi I th o u g ht o f c a ll i n g t o him a n d o f s a yi n g
.
,
w ith pro m i s e a n d fa ir w o rd Yo u t a k e th o s e h o r s e s fo r t h e y
’
, ,
ha d ha d a da y a n d a n i g ht s s t ra i n a n d s tr u gg l e with o ut c o r n
’
, ,
a n d w e r e utt e rly d o n e B ut t h e n a ga i n w e w e re a l ittl e u m

W
.
,
e a s y a s we did n o t e n t ir e ly tru s t h im e d e c id e d th a t a s t he .
,
m e n B a b a S a ir am i ha d s ee n o n t he r o a d w o ul d b e in K a r n an
th a t n i g ht t he t wo wi th m e s h o ul d fe t c h o n e o f th e ir h o r s e s
,
fo r e a c h o f u s a n d th a t th e n w e s h o uld g o e a c h his o w n w a y
, .
At m id -da y a s o m e thi n g g l itt e r i n g w a s se e n o n a h o r s e a s

W
, ,
fa r a w ay a s e ye c a n r e a c h e w e r e n o t a b l e t o m a ke o u t a t
.
a ll wh a t i t w a s I t m u s t h a v e b e e n Mu h B aq ir B e g h i m s e l f ;
. .
he ha d b e e n w ith u s in Akhs i a n d wh e n w e g o t o u t a n d
s c a tt e r e d he m u s t h a v e c o m e thi s w a y a n d h a v e b e e n m o vi n
, g
l
th e n t o a hidi n g p la c e
- .
B a n d a -a li a n d B ab a S a ir am i s a i d T he h o r s e s h a v e ha d n o
‘
,
c o r n fo r t w o d a y s a n d t w o n i g ht s l e t u s g o d o w n i n t o t he d a l e
a n d put th e m th e r e t o g ra z e Ac c o rdi n g ly w e r o d e d o w n a n d
’
.
t th m h r A t t h A ft r P y r h o rse m an
W
p u e t o t e g a s s e e n o o n r
. a e a ,
p a s s e d a l o n g t he r i s i n g -gr o u n d wh e r e we h a d b e e n e .
r e c o g n iz e d him fo r Q ad i r -bi r d i t he h e a d -m a n o f G h a w a C al l ,
.
him I s a id
,
’
Th e y c a l l e d ; he c a m e Aft e r qu e s ti o n i n g him
. .
,
a n d s p e a ki n g t o h im o f fa v o u r a n d ki n d n e s s a n d g ivi n g him ,
pr o m i se a n d fa i r w o rd I s e n t him t o b r i n g r o p e a n d a gr a s s
, ,
h o o k a n d a n a x e a n d m a t e ri a l fo r c ro s s i n g w a t e r a n d c o r n
, ,
2
,
F ol 1 1 76 fo r t he h o r s e s a n d f o o d a n d if it w e r e p o s s i b l e o th e r h o r s e s
W
. .
.
, , ,
e m a d e try s t w ith him fo r th a t s a m e s p o t a t t h e B e d- time

P ra ye r .
1 T h is a c c ou n t o f Mu h . d lk gv
B aq ir r e a s i e o n e i e n a t e r t o B a u r h e m a y l b
ha v e h a d s o m e p ar t in B ab u r s r e s c u e (of
’
T
r a n s a t or s N o t e t o f
. l
1 1 8 b)
’
. .
2 P r ha p
e s r e e ds f or a r a ft .Sh . N p2 5 8 , S d l a fi c han b ar gci m i s h r e e s ar e
. .
’ ‘
, d
t h e r e a l s o f o r r a ft s .
F A R G H AN A
w ith wh a t fi d e n c e c o u l d I go ?
c on e w e r e s ay i n g thi s
’
W ,
wh e n Yfi s u f k n e lt b e fo r e m e s ayi n g W hy s h o u l d i t b e h idd e n ? , ,
S l Ahm a d T amb a l ha s n o n e w s o f yo u b u t Sh a ikh B aya z i d

. ,
O n h e a ri n g thi s m y s t a t e o f m i n d
’
has a n d he s e n t m e h e r e .
,
w a s m i s e r a b l e in d e e d fo r w e l l is i t u n d e rs t o o d th a t n o th i n g in
,
t he w o rl d is w o r s e th a n fe a r fo r o n e s l i fe T e l l t he t r uth I
’
.
s a id if t he a ffa ir is l ik e ly t o g o o n t o w o r s e I wil l m a k e
,
‘
,
a b luti o n Yii su f s w o r e o a th s b ut w ho w o ul d tr u s t th e m ? I
’
.
,
k n e w t he h e lpl e s s n e ss o f m y p o s it i o n I ro s e a n d w e n t t o .
a c o r n e r o f t he ga rd e n s a yi n g t o m y s e l f If a m a n l iv e a
, ,
‘
1 ’
hu n dre d ye a r s o r a th o u s a n d ye a r s a t t he l a s t n o thi n g ,
T R A N S L AT O R S N OT E
’
.
F ri e n d s l i ke ly t o h a v e re s c u e d B abur fr o m his d a n ge r o u s
a re
iso l a ti o n H is pr e se n c e in K a rn an w a s k n o w n b o th in G h a w a
.
a n d in Akhsi ; Mu h B aq i r B e g wa s a t h a n d ( f
. so m e o f .
th o se he ha d dr o pp e d in his fl i g ht w o u l d fo l l o w him w h e n th e ir
h o r s e s ha d ha d re s t ; J a h an gi r w a s s o m e wh e re n o rth o f t he
riv e r w ith t he h a l f o f B ab u r s fo r m e r fo rc e ( f 1 1 2 ) T he Kh an s , ’
.
w ith th e i r lo n g -e xt e n d e d l i n e o f m a r c h m ay h a v e b e e n o n t he ,
m a i n r o a d thro u g h o r n e a r Ka r n an If Yii s u f t o o k B ab u r a s a .
pri s o n e r a l o n g t he Akhsi r o a d th e r e w e r e th e s e v a r i o u s c h a n c e s ,
o f his m e e ti n g fri e n d s .
H is d a n ge r w a s e v a d e d ; h e j o i n e d his u n c l e s a n d was wit h

t h e m l e a d i n g 1 0 00 m e n ( Sh N p
, w h e n th ey w e r e . . .
de fe a t e d a t Ar c hian j u s t b e fo r e o r in t he s e a s o n o f C a n c e r i a , . .
ci r c a J u n e ( T R p . W h a t he w a s d o i n g b e tw e e n t he
. .
win t e r c o l d o f K a r n an ( f 1 1 7 b) a n d J un e m i g ht h a v e b e e n .
1 T u ki t ex t b re a ks o ff a s it m igh t t hr o u gh l o s s o f pa g es ca s in g
H ere t h e r , ,
u
a b la n k o f n a r r a t i v e e x t e n d in g o v er s o m e 1 6 m o n t h s
. C f Ap p D for a . . . .
p a ss a g e s u pp o se d l y s p r io s f o u n d w it h t h e H a id a r ab ad Co d e x a d t h e
, u u ,
n
K e hr -I lm ins ky t e x t p r p o t i n g t o t e ll h o w B ab r w a s r e s c u e d fr o m t h e r i k
, u r u s
in whi c h t h e l a c u n a h e r e l e a v e s him .
fl
9 08 A H .
— J U LY 7 1 11 15 02. TO JU NE 26 T H . 15 03 A D . 18 3
k no w n fro m his l o s t p a ge s Mu h S ali h writ e s a t l e n g th o f o n e

. .
a a ir fa ll i n g w ithi n t he ti m e — J a h an g i r s O c c u p a t i o n o f Khu
’
j a n d it s s i e g e a n d it s c a pt u r e by Sh a i b an i Thi s c a pt u r e w i l l
, .
h a ve o c c u rre d c o n s id e r a b ly m o re th a n a m o n th b e fo re t he
d e fe a t o f T he Kh an s ( Sh N p . . .
I t is n o t e a sy t o d e c id e in wh a t m o n th o f 9 0 8 A H th e y we n t .
i n t o F a rg han a o r ho w l o n g th e i r c a m p a i g n l a s t e d B ab u r .
c hr o n i c l e s a s e ri e s o f o c c urr e n c e s pr e vi o u s t o t he m a rc h o f t h e ,
a r m y wh i c h m u s t h a v e fi l l e d s o m e ti m e
, T he r o a d o v e r t h e .
Ki n di rli k-p a s s w a s t a k e n o n e c l o s e d in B ab u r s t i m e (f 1 b)
’
.
,
th o u gh n o w o p e n thro u g h t he w i n t e r L o o ki n g a t t he r a p idity .
o f h is o w n m o v e m e n t s in F a r h an a it s e e m s l ik e l th a t t he p ass
g y ,
wa s c r o s se d a ft e r a n d n o t b e fo r e it s c l o s e d t i m e I f s o t he .
,
c a m p a i g n m ay h a v e c o v e re d 4 o r 5 m on th s Mu h Salih s . .
’
a c c o u n t o f S ha ib a s o p e r a ti o n s s tr e n th e n s thi s v i e w N w
’
q g e s .
th a t Ahm a d ha d j o i n e d Ma hm iid in T ashki n t (f 1 0 2 ) w e n t t o .
Sh a ib ani in Kh u s r a u Sh ah s t e rr it o ri e s ; he s a w his i n t e re s t s in
’
S a m a rk a n d th re a t e n e d by th i s c o m b i n a ti o n o f t he C ha gha t ai
br o th e rs t o r e s t o r e B ab u r in F a rg han a c a m e n o rth th e re fo re in ,
o rd e r t o h e lp T a m b a l H e th e n w a it e d a m o n th in S a m a r k a n d
.
( Sh N p
. . b es i e ge d J a h an gi r w e n t b a c k a n d s t a ye d in
.
,
S a m a rk a n d l o n g e n o u g h t o g ive h is r e t a i n e rs t i m e t o e q u ip fo r
a yea r s c a m p a i g n i n g ( l
’
c p 2 44) th e n w e n t t o A khsi a n d s o
. . .
t o Ar c hi an .
'
B ab u r t t t (f 1 1 0 b) th a t T he Kh an s w e n t fro m An di
s s a emen .
-c r o s s i n
ja n t o t he Khuj a n d g o v e r t h e S i r a ttr a c t s a tt e n ti o n
b e c a u s e thi s th ey m i g ht h a v e d o n e if th ey ha d m e a n t t o l e a v e
Fa rgh an a by M i rz a-r a b at b ut th e y a re n e xt h e a r d o f a s a t Akhsi .
W hy did th e y m a k e th a t g re a t det o u r ? Why n o t h a v e c r o s s e d

o pp os it e A khs i o r a t S a n ? O r i f th e y h a d th o u g ht o f r e ti r i n g
g ,
w h a t t u r n e d th e m e a s t a g a i n ? D id th e y pl a c e J a h an gi r in
Kh uj a n d ? B ab u r s m i s s i n g p a ge s w o u l d h a v e an s w e re d th e s e
’
q u e s ti o n s n o d o ubt I t w a s u s e fu l fo r th e m t o e n c a m p wh e re
. ,
t h ey did e a s t o f Akhsi b e c a u s e th e y th e r e ha d n e a r th e m a r o a d
, ,
by whi c h re i n fo rc e m e n t c o ul d c o m e fro m Kashg ha r o r r e tre a t

be m ade T he Akhsi p e o pl e t o l d Sh a i b an i th a t he c o u l d e a s i ly
.
o v e r c o m e T he Kh an s if he w e n t with o u t w a r n i n g a n d if th e y ,
ha d n o t w ithd ra w n by t he K u lj a r o a d ( Sh N p By t h a t . . .
18 4 F A R G H AN A
ro a d t he fe w m e n w ho w e n t with Ahm a d t o T ashki n t ( f 1 0 3 ) .
m a y h a v e b e e n a u g m e n t e d t o t he fo r c e e n u m e ra t e d a s h is in ,
t he b a ttl e by Mu h Sali h ( Sh N c a p . . . .
W h e n T he Kh an s w e re c a ptu r e d B ab ur e s c a p e d a n d m a d e ,
fo r Mu g hii lis t an a v a g u e d i r e c ti o n s e e m i n g h e r e t o m e an
‘ ’
,
T as hki n t b u t fi n di n g his r o a d bl o c k e d in o b e di e n c e t o o r d e r s
, , ,
fr o m S ha ib aq th a t he a n d Ab fi l-m a kara m w e r e t o b e c a pt u r e d
’
he tu r n e d b a c k a n d by u n fr e qu e n t e d w a y s w e n t i n t o t he hi ll
, ,
c o u n t ry o f S ii kh a n d H u s hi ar Th e r e he s p e n t a b o ut a y ea r
.
in g r e a t m i s e ry ( f 1 4 a n d H S i i
. . O f t he wr e t c h e d n e ss
.
,
o f t he t i m e H a id a r a l so w r it e s If a n ythi n g wa s a tt e m pt e d in
.
F a rg h an a in t he c o ur s e o f th o s e m o n th s re c o r d o f i t ha s b ee n ,
l o s t with B ab u r s m i s s i n g p a ge s H e wa s n o t o n ly h o m e l e ss
’
.
a n d p o o r b ut s h u t in b y e n e m i e s
, O n ly t he l o ya lty o r ki n d n e s s
.
o f t he hil l -tri b e s c a n h a v e s a v e d him a n d his fe w fo l l o w e r s .
H is m o th e r w a s with him s o a l s o w e re t he fa m i l i e s o f his m e n .
H o w Qfi t lfi q-n i g ar c o n t r iv e d t o j o i n him fro m T as hki n t th o u g h ,
h i s t o ri c a l ly a s m a l l m a tt e r is o n e he w o u l d c hr o n i c l e W h a t
,
.
ha d h a pp e n e d th e re a ft e r t he Mu g hfi l d e fe a t wa s th a t t he ,
.
h o rd e ha d m a rc h e d a w a y fo r Kas hgha r w hi l e Sh ah B e gi m
r e m a i n e d in c h a r e o f he r d a u ht e r s with w h o m t he Afi z b e
g g g
c hi e fs i n t e n d e d t o c o n tr a c t a l l i a n c e S ha ib an i s o rd e r s fo r he r
’
.
s t a y a n d fo r t he
g e n e r a l e x o d u s w e r e c o m m u n i c a t e d t o he r b y
he r s o n T he Kh an in wh a t Mu h Sal i h q u o t i n g it s purp o rt
, , .
, ,
d e s c r i b es a s a ri g ht b e a uti fu l l e tt e r (p .
By s o m e m e a n s Q ii t lfi q-n i gar j o i n e d B ab ur p e rh a p s h e l pe d
’
by t he c ir c u m s t a n c e th a t her d a u g ht e r Kh an -z ada wa s ,
S ha ib aq s w i fe S he s p e n t a t l e a s t s o m e p a rt o f th o s e h a rd
’
.
m o n th s w ith him w h e n his fo r t u n e s w e r e a t th e ir l o w e s t e b b

, .
A m o v e b e c o m i n g i m p e r a t iv e t he r a gge d a n d d e s t itut e c o m p a n y
,
s t a r t e d in m id -J u n e 1 5 0 4 ( Mu h 9 1 0 A H ) o n th a t p e ril o u s . .
m o u n t a i n j o u r n e y t o w h i c h H a id a r a ppl i e s t he Pro ph e t s
’
d i c t u m T r a v e l is a fo r e t a s t e o f H e l l but o f wh i c h t he e n d
‘ ’
fl
, ,
w a s t he e s t a bl i s h m e n t o f a T i m ii rid dy n a s ty in H in dii s t an .
T o l o o k d o w n t he ye a r s fr o m t h e d e s tit u t e B ab ur t o Akb a r ,
-
Sh h j a h an a n d A u ra n gz i b is t o s ee a g re a t s tr e a m o f h u m a n
a
l i fe o w fro m it s s o u r c e in his r e s o lve t o w in u pw a r d his ,
q u e n c hl e s s c o u ra ge a n d his a b o u n di n g vit a l ity N o t ye t 2 2 .

,
K AB U L
t he i r s ho u l d e rs . So dest it u t e w e re w e t h a t w e h a d b u t t w o t e n t s
( chada r ) a m o ngst u s my o w n u se d t o be pi t c he d fo r m y m o t he r ,
an d t hey aldehzi g a t e a c h s t ag e fo r m e t o s it in
I
se t a n .
Th o u g h we ha d star e t d w i t h t he
int o i n t e n t io n of g o n g i
Kh u rasan y e t w i t h t hi n g s as t he y w e re s o m e t hin g w as ho pe d
,
2
fo r fro m t he H i sar c o u n t ry a n d K hu s ra u S hah s r e t a i n e r s

’
.
E v e ry fe w d a y s s o m e -o n e w o u ld c o m e in fro m t he c o u n t ry o r
a t r ibe o r t h e ( Mu g h ii l) h o r d e w h o se w o r d s m a d e it p ro ba bl e ,
t h a t w e ha d gr o wi n g g ro u n d fo r ho pe J u s t t he n M u ll a B aba .
o f P a s h ag h a r ca m e ba c k w h o h a d bee n o u r e n v o y t o K h u s ra u
,
S hah fro m Kh u s ra u S hah he b ro u g ht n o t hin g l ik e ly t o pl ea se ,
b u t h e d id fr o m t he t r i be s a n d t he ho rd e .
Fol
. 1 20b .
T hree o r fo u r m a r c hes be y o n d A f l ak w he n ha l t w as m a d e a t a ,
pl a ce n ea r H i s ar c a ll e d K hwaj a I m ad M u hibb- a li t he A rm o u re r ‘
,
‘
, ,
c am e t o m e fr o m K h u s ra u S h ah T hr o u g h K h u s ra u S hah s .
’
t e rr i t o r i es I h a v e t wi c e h a ppe n e d t o p as s ; 3 re n o wn e d t h o u g h he
was fo r ki n d n es s a n d l i be ra l i t y b e n e i t he r t i m e s ho w e d m e t h e ,
hu m a n i t y he h a d s ho wn t o t he m ea n es t o f m e n .
A s w e w e re ho pi n g s o m e t h i n g fro m t he c o u n t ry a n d t he
t r ibe s w e m a d e d e l a y a t e v e ry s t a e
, A t t h i s c r i t i ca l po i n t g .
Sh e ri m T ag hai t ha n w ho m n o m a n o f m i n e w as gr ea t e r
, ,
t h o u g ht o f l ea vi n g m e be c a u se he w as n o t k ee n t o g o i n t o
K h u ras an H e ha d se n t a ll h is fa m ily o ff a n d s t a y e d hi m se l f
.
u n e n c u m be re d w h e n a ft e r t h e d e fea t a t S a r -i-p u l ( 9 0 6 A H ) I w e n t
,
.
b a c k t o d e fe n d S a m a r k a n d he w as a bit o f a c o war d a n d he did

t his s o rt o f t hin g se v e ra l t i m es o v e r .
(6 B abu r joi ne d by f K hu s r a u S hah s ki ns m en )

’
. on e o .
A ft e r w e rea c hed Q a b adi an a yo un g e r b ro t h e r o f Kh u s ra u

,
S hah B aqi C hag lza m a m w ho se h o ld i n g s w e re C h ag ha n 1a n 4

’
, , ,
S h ahr -i-s a fa a n d T i rm i z se n t t he hha t z b s o f Q ar s hi t o m e t o

'
1
fl x bl p l
T h e ti lde /1:29 , a t e n t o f e i e o es, c o e re wi t h fe t , m a y be t h e kha rg fi h v d l
kb k
( i it a ) P
ersia n charte r see ms t o r e r ese n t p
ur i dq a rm , w hit e ho use T k ”
i e wit h Kh usra u s o w e r s ha en
. .
’
p k by
A fi z beg a tt a c , mad e in t he win t er o f 9 0 9 A H k .
( S ha iban i -na me: ca p .
3 C f if 8 1 an d 8 16
. .
’
T he a r m o urer s st a ti on wa s lo w fo r an en o t o Ba ur , t h e
. vy b
p
su e rio r in b ’
irt h o f t h e a rm o ur er s mas t e r .
4 v
ar C ha q ani an an d Sa hani an
.
g T h e na m e fo rm e r escri e th e W
. ho e o f t h e ly d bd l
Hisar t errit o r ( Ers in e ) y k .
5 the re ach e r p by
who m t he K hu t ba is rea ( Ers in e ) d k .
9 10 A IL — J UN E I 4 T H 1504 TO JUNE 4 1 11 15 05 A D
e xp re s s
his g o o d w i s he s a n d h is d e s i re fo r a lli a n c e , a n d, a ft e r w e
ha d c ro s s e d t he A m fi a t t he A ii b aj-fe r ry , he c a m e h i m s e l f t o
wa i t By h is w i s h w e m o v e d d o w n t he r iv e r t o o pp o s it e
’
on me .
T i r m i z w he re w i t ho u t fe a r [ o r w i t ho u t g o i n g o v e r him s e lf] he I
, , , ,
h a d t he i r fa m ili e s a n d t he i r g o o d s b ro u g ht a c ro s s t o j o i n u s
2
.
T hi s d o n e w e s e t o u t t o g e t he r fo r K ahm a r d a n d B am i an t he n
, ,
he ld by h is s o n 3 A h m a d -i-q as i m t he s o n o f K hu s ra u S hah s
’
fl
,
siste r O pl l v h h eh ld ( l ) f i
'
.u r a n w a s t o e a e t e o u s o s a w i -a z s a e n
F rt A j r o f t he K hm a rd v a ll e y a n d t o t a k e a c t i o n w he re v e r
o a a -
a c t io n m i g ht s e e m w e ll A t A i b a k Y ar - a li B a l al 4 w ho h a d
‘
.
, ,
e d fro m K h u s r a u S h ah j o i n e d u s w i t h s e v e r a l b ra v e s , he h a d
be e n w i t h m e be fo re a n d h a d m a d e g o o d u s e o f his s w o r d ,
s e v e r a l t i m e s in m p e e n c e b u t w a p t d f m m i t h e
fl
y r s s a r e r o e n ,
r e c e n t t h r o n e l e s s t i m e s 5 a n d h a d g o n e t o K h u s r a u S h ah He .
re p r e s e n t e d t o m e t h a t t he M u g h al s in K hu s r a u S h ah s s e r vi c e
’
w i s he d m e w e ll M o re o ve r Q a m b a r- a li B e g k n o w n a l s o a s ‘
.
, ,
Q a mb a r - a li S i/dhh ( Ski n n e r) e d t o m e a ft e r w e re a c he d
‘
6
t he Z i n d an v a ll e y
- .
(e . Occu r r en ces in K ah m a r d .
)
W e d K ahm a r d w i t h t hree o r fo u r m a rc he s a n d
re a c h e
d e p o s i t e d o u r ho u s e ho ld s a n d fa m ili e s in A j a r W h il e w e .
s t a y e d t he re J a han g i r M i rz a m a r r i e d ( A i B e g i m ) t he d a u g h t e r
,
o f Sl M a hm ad M i rz a a n d K han -z ad a B e gi m w ho h a d b e e n
.
, ,
s e t a s id e fo r him d u r i n g t he l i fe t i m e o f t he M i rz as 7 .
M e a n t i m e B aqi B e g u rg e d it u p o n m e a g a i n a n d a g a i n t ha t , ,
t w o r u l e rs in o n e c o u n t ry o r t wo c h i e fs in o n e a r m y a re a s o u r c e ,
o f fa c t i o n a n d d i s o r d e r a fo u n d a t i o n o f di s se n s i o n a n d ru i n
— .
1
bz bag t o r be B aqi
' ’
e r ha p s a
“
a p
o f w o r s wit h t h e ou pl y
e m ea ni n e re ss e d d bl g xp d
bv
in t h e a o e t r a n s a t io n l .
2
g ’
d
A m o n s t t he se w e r e w i o ws a n d c h i r e n o f Bab u r s u n c e , a hm a ld
(f 2 7b ) l M d . .
3 a zi hzi l
g b ’
g
A s e in t h e so n o f Kh u s ra u s s is t e r , A h m a w as n e h e w t o B aqi
. d p
x b lp
t he r e m a y b e in t h e t e t a s c ri e s s i fr o m o n e a zig h zi l t o a n o t h e r , a n d t h e r e a
’
l
was t h e so n o f Baq i s so n , Mu hd as im , wh ic h w o u Q ld
’
s t a t e m en t b e t ha t A h m a a c c o u nt .
fo r his n a m e A h m a -i-q as im d .
4 Cf f 6 .
7 . .
l
5 B ahut ’ s o ss o f r u e in F ar h ana an d Sa m a r a n
g l k d .
6
b l
a o u t 7 m i e s so u t h o f A i b a k , o n t h e roa t o Sar -i-ta h (m o u n t a in -
h e a , E rs in e ) d g d k .
t he r e s e c ti e fa t h e rs , Ma hm fi d a n d
p v U k
‘
7 v iz . m a r Sha i h T he a rrang e m e n t was .
d
m a e in 89 5 A H ( 14 90 .
K AB U L
F o r t he y ha ve id T e n da rw i s he s
l p u n d e r o n e bl a n k e t
‘
sa ,
c an s e e ,
b u t t wo ki n g s c an n o t fi n d ro o m in o n e c li m e .
If m f G oda t h lf l f
an o ea a a oa ,
H e g iv t he t h to d wi shes o er a ar
L t k i g g ip t h l f c l im e
e a n r e ru e o a ,
He d e m t g ip
”
f ot h
1
r a s o an er o r .
B aqi Be g u rg e d fu rt he r t ha t K hu s ra u S hah s re t a i n e rs a n d ’
fo ll o w e rs w o u ld b e c o m i n g in t ha t d a y o r t he n e x t t o t a k e
se rvi ce wi t h t he P ad s h ah ( i e B ab u r ) ; t ha t th e re w e re s u c h . .
s e diti o n -m o n g e rs wit h t he m a s t he s o n s o f A y iib B eg ehi/e ,
b e s id e s o t he r w ho ha d b e e n t he s t i rre rs a n d s p u rs t o d i s l o y a l t y
a m o n g s t t he i r M i rz as a n d t ha t if a t t h i s p o i n t J a h an g i r M i rz a
2
, , ,
w e re d i s m i s s e d o n g o o d a n d fr i e n dly t e r m s fo r K hu ras an it
, , ,
w o u ld re m o ve a s o u rc e o f l a t e r re p e n t a n c e U rg e it a s he w o u ld .
,
ho w e v e r I did n o t a c c e pt his s u gg e s ti o n b e c a u s e it is a g a i n s t
, ,
m y n a t u re t o d o a n i n j u ry t o m y b re t h re n o ld e r o r y o u n g e r 3 , ,
o r t o a n y ki n s m a n s o e v e r e v e n w he n s o m e t h i n g u n t o w a r d ha s ,
h a pp e n e d T ho ug h fo r m e r ly b e t w e e n J a han gi r M i rz a a n d m e
.
,
re s e n t m e n t s a n d re c r i m i n a ti o n s ha d o c c u rr e d a b o u t o u r r u l e
a n d r e t a i n e rs e t t h e w t h i w h t v t h t
y re ,a s n o n g a e e r e n o a ro u s e
a n ge r aga i n s t h im he ha d c o m e o u t o f t ha t c o u n t ry
( i e
. F a r
.
g h a n a ) wit h m e a n d w a s b e h a v m g l ik e a bl o o d -re l a ti o n
a n d a s e rv a n t B u t in t he e n d it w a s j u s t a s B aqi Be g
.
p re di c te d — t ho s e t e m pt e rs t o d i s l o y a lty t ha t is t o s a y A y fi b s , ,
’
Y fi s u f a n d A y ii b s Bihlt l l l e ft m e fo r J a han gi r M i rz a t o o k u p
’ ‘
, ,
a ho s til e a n d m u ti n o u s p o s iti o n p a rt e d h im fro m m e a n d , ,
c o n v e y e d him i n t o K hu ras an .
(d . C o o p er a t ion in v it ed ag a ins t S ha ibaq K /z d n .

)
In t ho s e
d a y s c a m e l e t t e rs fro m S l H u s a i n M i rz a l o n g a n d .
,
fa r-fe t c he d l e t t e rs w h i c h a re s till in m y p o s s e s s i o n a n d in t ha t
o f o t he r s w r it t e n t o B a di u z -z a m an M i r z a m y s e l f K hu s ra u
‘ ’
, , ,
S h h d Z n m i n Be p p ll w
’
a fi - ll h m f
‘
a n
g a t o t e s a e u r o r t a s o o , s ,
W he n t he t hre e b ro t he rs S l M a hm ad M i rz a S l A h m a d , .
, .
M i rz a a n d A alii g h B e g M i r z a j o i n e d t o g e t he r a n d a dva n c e d
, ,
y P d g
'
Gu lz s t ci n ca p 1, s t o r 3 a rt o f t his q u o t a t io n is u s e a a n on i f 18 3
Ma hm ii d s so n s u n e r who m Baq i ha d s e r e
. .
. .
2 ’
d vd .
3
U l n c e s o f a ll dg
e r e e s a r e in c u e as e er l dd
re t hr e n , ld b c o u s in s o f a ll d eg re e s , as
yo un g e r o nes .
K AB U L
(e f B aba r f ollow ing )

’
. I n cr eas e o s .
On e m an a ft e r K hu s ra u S hah s
ano t he r cam e in fro m
’
M u g hal s a n d s a id “ e o f t he ,
W
Mu g h fi l ho rd e d e s i ri n g t he ,
r o y a l w e l fa re h a v e d ra w n o ff f ro m T ai kh an ( T al i k an ) t o w a r d s
,
Is hki m i s h a n d F fi l fi l L e t t he P ad s hah a dv a n c e a s fa s t a s
.
p o s s ibl e fo r t he g re a t e r p a rt o f K hu s ra u S hah s fo rc e ha s
,
’
”
b ro k e n u p a n d is re a dy t o t a k e s e rvi c e wi t h h im J u s t t he n .
n e w s a rr iv e d t h a t S ha ib a K h f a ki n A d ij w I
q a n a t e r t g n a n as , ,
o h o rs e a g a i n a a i n s t H i s ar a n d O
g e t ti n
g t g Q ii n dfi z n h e a ri n
g .
t h i s K hu s ra u S h ah u n a bl e t o s t a y in Q an d fi z
, ,
m a rc he d o u t ,
w i t h a ll t he m e n he ha d a n d t o o k t he ro a d fo r K ab u l ,
NO .
s o o n e r h a d he l e ft t ha n h is O ld s e rv a n t t he a bl e a n d t ru s t e d ,
M u ll a M u h a m m a d T i er /ezst d n i m a d e Q an d fi z fa s t fo r S ha ib aq
K han .
T hre e o r fo u r t ho u s a n d he a d s -O f-ho u s e s in t he Mu g hfi l ho rd e ,
fo r m e r d e p e n d a n t s o f K hu s ra u S hah b ro u g ht t he i r fa m ili e s a n d ,
j o i n e d u s whe n g o i n g by w a y o f S ha m -t a w e w e re n e a r t he
, ,
Q z l sfi
i i - .
2
(f .
Qa rnba r )t he S ki n n er dis m is s ed
, .
Q a m b a r - a li B e g s fo o l i s h t a lk ha s b e e n m e n t i o n e d s e v e ra l
‘ ’
ti m e s a l re a dy ; his m a n n e rs w e re d i s pl e a s i n g t o B aqi Be g ; t o
g ra ti fy B a q i B e g h e w a s d i s m i s s e d T,h e r e a ft e r h is s o n .
,
‘
A bd u l -s hu k ar w a s in J a han g i r M i rz a s s e r vi c e
’ ’
, .
(g . K hu s r a u S hah w a it s ) on B aba r .
K hu s ra u S hah wa s m u c h u p s e t w he n he he a rd t ha t t he
Mu g hfi l ho rd e ha d j o i n e d m e ; s e e i n g n o t hi n g b e t t e r t o do
fo r h i m s e l f he s e n t h is s o n -in -la w A y ah s Y a q t i b t o m a k e
’ ‘ ‘
, , ,
p ro fe s s i o n o f w e ll —w i s h i n g a n d s u b m i s s i o n t o m e a n d re s p e c t ,
fu lly t o r e p re s e n t t ha t he w o u ld e n t e r m y s e r vi c e if I w o u ld
m a k e t e rm s a n d c o m p a c t w i t h h im H is O ffe r w a s a c c e p t e d .
,
be c a u s e B aqi C hag hd n z d n z wa s a m a n o f w e i g ht a n d ho we ve r
’ ’
, ,
s t e a dy in h is fa v o u ra bl e d i s p o s i t i o n t o m e d id n o t o v e r l o o k h is
,
b ro t he r s s id e in t hi s m a t t e r C o m p a c t w a s m a d e t ha t K hu s ra u
’
.
1 10 m
r
a m a , to T
p ut bl
o w n w ho m h e ha d d
q u it t e his a rm n e a r Ba h ( Sh N d y lk . .
ca p :i x )
his , o ne o f t he m a n R e d ~
.
2
T r iv e rs , y
o ws fro m n e a r fl
ahm a r a n d o in s t he A n a r -
ah K d j d
wa t e r n e a r as hi D .
9 10 A H — . JUNE 14 m 15 04 T O JUNE 4 11 1 15 05 A D .
S hah s li fe s h o u ld b e s a fe a n d th a t w h a t e v e r a m o u n t o f his
’
,
g o o d s he s e l e c t e d s ho u ld ,
n o t b e re fu s e d h im A ft e r g ivi n g .
Y a q fi b l e a v e t o g o w e m a rc he d d o w n t he Q i zi l -s fi a n d d is
‘
,
m oun e t d ne ar t o w he r e it j o i n s h
t e w a t e r o f A n d a r -ab . F ol
. 12 3i .
N e xt d a y o n e in t he m idd l e o f t he F i rs t R a bi ( e n d o f
,
‘
A g t I 5 4
0 idi l i h t I c ro s s e d t h e A n d a r -a b w a t e r a nd
u u s ,
r n g g ,
t o o k m y s e a t u n d e r a l a rg e pl a n e t re e n e a r D as hi a n d t h ith e r
-
,
cam e K hu s ra u S hah in p o m p a n d s pl e n d o u r wi t h a g re a t
, ,
c o m pan y o f m e n A c c o rd i n g t o r u l e a n d c u s t o m he di s m o u n t e d
.
,
s o m e w a y O ff a n d t he n m a d e h is a pp ro a c h T h re e ti m e s he .
k n e l t w he n w e s a w o n e a n o t he r t h re e ti m e s a l s o o n t a ki n g ,
l e a v e ; he k n e l t o n c e w he n a s ki n g a ft e r m y w e l fa re o n c e a g a i n ,
w he n he o ffe re d his t r ib u t e a n d he d id t he s a m e w it h J a han gi r

,
M i rz a a n d wit h M i rz a K han ( W a i s ) T ha t s l u ggis h o ld .
m a n n iki n w ho t h ro u g h s o m a n y y e a r s ha d j u s t pl e a s e d h i m s e l f ,
l a c ki n g o f s o v e re i g n t y o n e t h i n g o n ly n a m e ly t o re a d t he , ,
K ha t ba in his o w n n a m e n o w k n e lt 2 5 o r 2 6 ti m e s in ,
s u c c e s s i o n a n d c a m e a n d w e n t t ill h e w a s s o w e a r i e d o u t t h a t
,
h e t o tt e re d fo rw a r d H is m a n y y e a rs o f b e g s hip a n d a u t ho r i t y
.
v a n i s he d fro m his Vi e w W he n w e ha d s e e n o n e a n o t he r a n d
W
.
he h a d O ffe re d h is g i ft I d e s i re d h im t o b e s e a t e d
, e s t aye d .
in t ha t pl a c e fo r o n e o r t w o g a r i s e x c h a n g i n g t a l e a n d t a lk ,
I
.
H is c o n v e rs a ti o n w a s v a pid a n d e m p t y p re s u m a bly b e c a u s e he ,
w a s a c o w a rd a n d fa l s e t o his s a lt T w o t h i n g s he s a id w e re .
e x t ra o rd i n a ry fo r t he ti m e w h e n u n d e r his e y e s h is t ru s ty a n d , ,
t ru s t e d re t a i n e rs w e re be c o m i n g m i n e a n d w he n h is a ffa i rs h a d ,
r e a c he d t he p o i n t t ha t he t he s o ve re i g n -a pi n g m a n n iki n ha d
, ,
ha d t o c o m e w illy -h illy a b a s e d a n d u n ho n o u re d t o w ha t s o rt
, , , F ol . 1 24 .
o f a n i n t e rvi e w ! O n e o f t he t h i n g s he s a id w a s t hi s W he n —
c o n d o l e d w i t h fo r t he d e s e r t i o n o f h is m e n h e re pl i e d T ho s e , ,
v e ry s e rv a n t s ha ve fo u r t i m e s l e ft m e a n d re t u rn e d T he .
o t he r w a s s a id w h e n I h a d a s k e d h im w he r e h is b r o t he r W a l i
“
wo u ld c ro s s t he A m tl a n d w he n he w o u ld a r r ive If he fi n d
‘
a fo r d he will s o o n b e he re b u t w he n w a t e rs r i s e fo r d s c h a n e
, , g ,
t he ( P e rs i a n ) p ro v e rb h a s it The w a t e rs ha v e c a rri e d d o w n
,
‘
t he T he s e wo rd s G o d b ro u g h t t o h is t o n g u e in t h a t
ho u r o f t he fl o w i n g a w a y o f h is o w n a u t ho r ity a n d fo ll o wi n g !
A g i i t w ty-f 1
mi t s
ar s en our nu e .
K AB U L
i t t i n g a g a r z o r t w o I m o u n t e d a n d ro d e b a c k t o c a m p
'
A ft e r s , ,
-
l i g pl a c e O n t ha t da y h is
he fo r his p a rt re t u rn i n g t o hi s h a t n .
be g s wi t h t he i r s e rv a n t s g re a t a n d s m a ll g o o d a n d b a d a n d
, , , ,
t r ib e a ft e r t r ibe b e g a n t o d e s e r t him a n d c o m e wit h th e i r ,
fa m ili e s t o m e ,
B e t w e e n t he t wo P ra y e rs o f t he n e xt a ft e r n o o n
.
n o t a m a n r e m a i n e d in his p re se n c e .
S ya — O G o d who p o s s e s s e s t t he ki n g d o m
,
T ho u g iv e s t it
t o w ho m T ho u wilt a n d T h o u t a k e s t it fro m w ho m T h o u w il t !
” 1
In T hy ha n d is g o o d fo r T ho u a r t a l m i g ht y ,
.
W o n d e rfu l is H is p o w e r ! T h i s m a n o n c e m a s t e r o f 2 0 o r ,
re t a i n e r s o n ce o wn i n g Sl ,
Ma h m fi d s d o m i n i o n s fro m .
’
Q a h l fi g h a k n own a l so
,
— a s t he I ro n - a t e
g
—t o t h e r a n g e o f ,
i d
H n a u sh - k w h l d m a iki n f t - t h H a s a
o s e o ,
n n o a a x g a e r e r n ,
B a r las by n a m e h a d m a d e u s m a r c h h a d m a d e u s ha lt wi t h
, , ,
t f r o m A i lak t o Ani b a t h t
j
’
a ll t he t h r s ro u g hn e s s
- 2
a x g a e r e a , ,
m an H e s o a b a s e d a n d s o b e re ft o f p o w e r t h a t wi t h n o bl o w ,
s t ru c k no ,
so u nd m a d e h e s t o o d wit ho u t c o m m a n d o v e r , ,
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,
r l i fe in t h e p,
r e s e n c e o f a ba n d o f 2 00 o r
,
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,
.
In t he e v e n i n g o f t he d a y o n w h i c h w e ha d s e e n K h u s ra u
S hah a n d g o n e b a c k t o c a m p M i rz a K han c a m e t o m y p re se n c e ,
a n d d e m a n d e d v e n g e a n c e o n him fo r t he bl o o d o f h is b ro t he rs 3 .
M a n y o f u s w e re a t o n e wi t h him fo r t ru ly it is r i g ht b o t h by , ,
L a w a n d c o m m o n j u s t i c e t ha t s u c h m e n s ho u ld g e t t he i r d e s e rt s , ,
b u t a s t e r m s h a d b e e n m a d e K hu s ra u S hah w a s le t g o fre e
, , .
A n o rd e r w a s g iv e n t ha t he s ho u ld b e a l l o w e d t o t a k e w h a t e v e r
o f h is
g o o d s h e c o u ld c o n v e y ; a c c o r d i n g ly h e l o a d e d u p o n ,
t hre e o r fo u r s t r i n g s o f m u l e s a n d c a m e l s a ll j e w e l s g o ld s ilv e r , , , ,
a n d p r e c i o u s t h i n g s h e h a d a n d t o o k t h e m wi t h hi m 4
, S he ri m .
T a g hai w a s t o ld o ff t o e s c o r t h im w ho a ft e r s e tti n g K hu s ra u ,
S hah o n his ro a d fo r K hu r as an by w a y o f G hli ri a n d D a h an a h

‘
, ,
w a s t o g o t o K ah m a rd a n d b r i n g t he fa m ili e s a ft e r u s t o K ab u l .
1
Q o ran , S u r a t iii, ve rs e 2 5 ; Sa l e
’
s Qo ran , ed . 18 2 5 , i, 5 6 .
2
C f f 82 . . .
3 v iz -
Bai sa n ha r , o ws t r u n , a n d
. g ‘
as h , in e b g M d bl d d .
4 Mu h S a ih is . o ri l fl d v
o e r t he r u ies o f Ba a kh shan h e sa s B a u r t o o b fro m d y b k
K h u s ra u , b u t Ha i a r sa s Ba u r n o t o n d y b
ha d K h u s ra u s
’
ro e r t , t re a s u r e , a n d ly p p y
d
ho r se s r e t u r n e t o him , b u t re fu se a ll ift s h u sra u o ff e re d
h is is o n e t ra it o u t g K d .T
o f a t h o u sa n d
in t he E m e r o r s c ha ra c t e r
’ ”
p
Ha i a r m e n t io n s , t o o , t he t he n a c o f . d l k
d
n e c e s sa r ies u n e r whic h B a u r su ff e r e ( Sh N , c a p b
iii, a n d d . . . lx TR p. . .
K AB U L
p l e a r s -e ng
t h h i gh w he n w e re a c he d t he fo o t ’
T he S u n w a s a s
1
o f t he S a n j id ( J u j u b e ) -v a ll e y a n d d i s m o u n t e d Ou r sco ut i ng .
b ra ve s fe ll in wit h S he ra k b e l o w t he Q a ra-b ag h n e a r A i ka ri ,
2
y a r a n d s t ra i g ht w a y g o t t o g r ip s w it h h im
,
A ft e r a l it t le o f .
s o m e s o r t o f fi g ht i n g o u r m e n t o o k t he u pp e r h a n d h u rr i e d t he i r
, ,
a dve rs a r i e s o ff u n ho rs e d 7 0 8 0 s e r vi c e a bl e b r a v e s a n d b ro u g ht
-
W
,
t he m in e g a ve Sh e ra k h is l i fe a n d he t o o k s e rvi c e w i t h u s
. .
(i D. ea t h f Wl o a i f
o K hu s r a u .
)
T he v a r i o u s c l a n s a n d t rib e s w ho m K hu s ra u S h ah wi t ho u t ,
t ro u bli n g h i m s e l f a b o u t t he m ha d l e ft in Q an d fi z a n d a l s o t he , ,
Mu g h fi l ho rd e w e re in fi v e o r s ix b o di e s , O n e o f t ho s e
b e l o n g i n g t o B a d a k hs han it w a s t he R as t a-ha z ara — c a m e w i t h ,
—
, ,
S a yy idi m A li da r ban 3 a c ro s s t he P a njhi r-p a s s t o t h i s c a m p

‘
, ,
did m e o b e i s a n c e a n d t o o k s e rvi c e wi t h m e A n o t he r b o dy .
u n d e r A y fi b s Y as u f a n d A fi b s Bihlfi l ; it a l so t o o k
’ ’
c am e
y
s e rvi c e wit h m e A n o t he r c a m e fr o m K hu t lan u n d e r K hu s ra u
.
,
S hah s yo u n g e r b ro t he r W a l i ; a n o t he r c o n s i s t i n g o f t he
’
, ,
( Mu g hfi l) t r ibe s m e n ( a i m ag ) w ho h a d b e e n l o c a t e d in Y i lan c ha q ,
N ikd ir i ( P) a n d t he Q an d fi z c o u n t ry c a m e a l s o T he l a s t
fl
, , .
n a m e d t w o c a m e by A n d a r-ab a n d S a r -i-ab 4 m e a n i n g t o c ro s s ,
by t h e P a jn h i r -p s s ; a t S a r i ab t he t r ib e s m e n w e re a he a d ;
a - -
W a l i c a m e u p b e hi n d ; t he y he ld t he ro a d fo u g ht a n d b e a t ,
him H e hi m s e l f e d t o t he A ii z b e g s S a n d S ha ib aq K h an h a d
.
,
"
his he a d s t r u c k o ff in t he Sq u a re ( C har -s ir) o f S a m a rk a n d h is
fo ll o w e rs b e a t e n a n d pl u n d e re d c a m e o n w i t h t he t r ib e s m e n
, , ,
a n d lik e t h e s e t o o k s e rvi c e wit h m e , W it h t he m c a m e S a yyid .
Y asu f Be g ( t he G re y -w o l fe r ) .
(j . K abu l g a in ed ) .
F ro m t h a t c a m p w e m a rc he d t o t he Aq -s a rai m e a d o w o f t he
Q a ra-b ag h a n d t he re d i s m o u n t e d K hu s ra u S hah s p e o pl e w e re .
’
d k
D ie K irgh is -q a z z aq ru c e n d ie S o n n e n -h o he in P ik en aus ( v o n S c h w a rz , p .
2
p resu m a , arbly d k
w it h s ha e , a s in qa r d d t he ha rd -
w o o d e lm ( f .
4 7b a nd
note to n a r w an ) .
3 i . e . y dM
Sa yi A li , t he o o r -wa r
u ha m m a d ‘
h e se b azar: s e e m i e d t o ha e d . T l k ly v
b g fi g ht in g -m e n ( u r i Mi ng )
p f T k
W
ee n ro u s o .
4 I n -t h e - wa t e r a n d d
Wl
a te r-he a .
5 a i w e n t fro m h is d
e fe a t t o K h was t ; w ro t e t o ahm a A fi z beg in Q an dfi z t o M d
a sk p
r o t e c t io n ; w a s fe t c h e t o Q fi n dfi z Mu h Sa ih, t he a u t ho r o f t he S ha iban i
d by l
n a m a , a n d fo r wa r e dd
fro m Q an d fi z t o S a m a r a n ( S h N c a p iii) C f f 2 96 k d . . . lx . . . .
9 10 A H . JUNE
- I 4 T H 15 04 T O JUNE 4 T H 15 05 A D .
w e ll p ra c ti s e d pp re s s i o n a n d vi o l e n c e t he y t y ra n n i z e d o ve r
in o
o n e a ft e r a n o t he r t ill a t l a st I ha d u p o n e o f S a yy idi m A l i s ‘ ’
o o d b ra ve s t o m y G a t e a n d t he re b e a t e n fo r fo rc ibly t a ki n g
I
g
a j a r o f o il T he re a n d t he n he j u s t d i e d u n d e r t he bl o w s h is
.
e x a m pl e k e pt t he re s t d o w n
W
.
e t o o k c o u n s e l in t h a t c a m p w he t he r o r n o t t o g o a t o n c e
a g a i n s t K ab u l S a yyid Y as u f a n d s o m e o t he rs t ho u g h t t ha t
.
,
a s wi n t e r w a s n e a r o u r fi rs t m o v e s ho u ld b e i n t o L a m g han
, ,
fro m w h i c h pl a c e a c t i o n c o u ld b e t a k e n a s a dv a n t a g e o ffe re d .
B aqi Be g a n d s o m e o t he rs s a w it g o o d t o m o v e o n K ab u l a t
o n c e ; t h i s pl a n w a s a d o pt e d ; w e m a rc he d fo r w a r d a n d d is
m ou e n t d ih A b a-
q fi r ti
q .
M y m o t he r a n d t he b e l o n g i n g s l e ft b e h i n d in K ah m a rd
re j o i n e d u s a t Aha-q arfi q T he y h a d be e n in g re a t d a n g e r .
,
t he p a r ti c u l a rs o f w h i c h a re t he s e — S he ri m T a h ai h a d
g g o n e
t o s e t K hu s r a u S hah o n h is w a y fo r K h u ras an a n d t h i s d o n e , ,
w a s t o fe t c h t he fa m ili e s fro m K ah m a rd W he n he r e a c he d .
D a han a h he fo u n d he w a s n o t his o w n m a s t e r K hu s ra u S hah

,
w e n t o n with him i n t o K ahm a rd w he re wa s his s i s t e r s s o n ,

’
A h m a d -i-q as i m T h e s e t w o t o o k u p a n a l t o g e t he r w r o n g
fl
.
p o s i t i o n t o w a rd s t he fa m ili e s in K ahm a rd H e re u p o n a n u m be r .
o f B aq i B e g s M u g h al s w ho w e re wi t h t he fa m ili e s a rra n g e d
’
, ,
s e c re tly wi t h S he ri m T a g h ai t o la y h a n d s o n K h u s ra u Sh ah
a n d A h m a d -i-q as i m T he t w o he a r d o f it . e d a l o ng t he ,
K ahm a rd -va ll e y o n t he A j a r s id e a n d m a d e fo r K hu ras an 2

.
T o b r i n g t h i s a b o u t w a s re a lly w ha t S he ri m T a g h ai a n d t he
M u g hal s w a n t e d S e t fre e fro m t he i r fe a r o f K hu s ra u S hah by
.
his fli g ht t ho s e in c ha rg e o f t he fa m ili e s g o t t he m o u t o f A j a r
, ,
b u t w he n t he y r e a c he d K ahm a rd t he S aq an c hi ( v a r A s i q a n c hi ) , .
t rib e bl o c k e d t he r o a d l ik e a n e n e m y a n d pl u n d e re d t he , ,
fa m ili e s o f m o s t o f B aqi B e g s m e n 3 T hey m a d e p r i s o n e r ’

.
Q u l-i-b a a z i d s l i t t l e s o n T z a k ; he c a m e i n t o K ab u l t h re e o r
’
y i ,
fo u r y e a rs l a t e r T he pl u n d e re d a n d u n ha ppy fa m ili e s c ro s s e d
.
by t h e Q b c h aq p a s s a s w e ha d d o n e a n d t he y r e j o i n e d u s in
i -
, ,
.
A b a-q ti r aq
‘
1
i . e . j d d
whe r e u s t ic e was a m in is t e re , a t t h is t im e , o u t s i e Bab ur s t e n t d ’
.
2
T y
he wo u ld p j
a s s A a r a n d m a e fo r t he m a in ro a k
o e r t he a n an -s hi a n a ss d v D d k P .
3 l v byd
T he c a n s m e n m a y ha e o e e A h m a s o r e rs in t h u s ho in u p t he fa m i ie s
’
d d ld g l .
K AB U L
L e a vi n g t ha t p we we n t , w i t h i g ht h a l t , t o t he
’
cam one n s
C hal ak -m e a d o w a n d t he re d i s m o u n t e d A ft e r c o u n se l t a k e n
,
.
,
it w a s d e c id e d t o la y s i e g e t o K ab u l a n d w e m a rc he d fo rw a r d , .
Wi t h w ha t m e n o f t he c e n t re t he re w e re I d i s m o u n t e d b e t we e n ,
H a id a r T agi s r d e n a n d t he t o m b o f Q u l-i-b ay a zi d h
1
g a t e ,
Ta st e r ; J a han gi r M i rz a wi t h t he m e n o f t he r i g ht
2
, ,
d i s m o u n t e d in m y g re a t F o u r-g a rd e n s ( C har -bag h) N as i r ,
M i rz a w i t h t he l e ft in t he m e a d o w o f Q at lfi q -q a da m s t o m b
, ,
’
.
P e o pl e o f o u rs w e n t re p e a t e dly t o c o n fe r wit h M u qi m ; t he y
s o m e t i m e s b ro u g h t e x c u s e s b a c k s o m e ti m e s w o r d s m a ki n g fo r ,
a g re e m e n t H is t a c ti c s w e re t h e s e q u e l o f his d i s p a t c h d i r e c t ly
.
,
a ft e r S he r a k s d e fe a t o f a c o u r i e r t o h is fa t he r a n d e ld e r b ro t he r
’
,
( i n Q a n d a h a r ) ; h e m a d e d e l a y s b e c a u s e h e w a s h o pi n g in t he m .
O n e da y o u r c e n t re r i g h t a n d l e ft w e re o r d e re d t o p u t o n
, ,
t he i r m a il a n d t he i r ho rs e s m a il t o g o c l o s e t o t he t o w n a n d
’
, ,
t o d i s pl a y t he i r e q u ip m e n t s o a s t o s t r ik e t e rro r o n t ho s e wi t h i n .
J a han gi r M i rz a a n d t he r i g ht w e n t s t ra i g ht fo rw a rd by t he
K fi c ha -b ag h ; 3 I wi t h t he c e n t re b e c a u s e t he r e wa s w a t e r
, , ,
w e n t a l o n g t he s id e o f Q fi t lfi q -q a da m s t o m b t o a m o u n d ’
fl
fa c i n g t he r i s i n g -g r o u n d ; 4 t he v a n c o ll e c t e d a b o v e Q fi t lfi q
b id t h i m w v r e w a s n o b r id e
’
q a d a m s r g e a t a t t ,e h o—
e e r t h e g, , .
W h e n t he b ra v e s s ho wi n g t he m s e lv e s o ff g a ll o p e d c l o s e u p
, ,
t o t he C u rr i e rs -g a t e 5 a fe w w ho h a d c o m e o u t t h ro u g h it ed
’
in a g a i n wi t ho u t m a ki n g a n y s t a n d A c ro wd o f K ab u l i s w ho .
ha d c o m e o u t t o s e e t he s i g h t ra i s e d a g re a t d u s t w he n t he y
ra n a wa y fro m t he h i g h S l o p e o f t he g l a c i s o f t he c i t a d e l
( i
. e B .a l a -h i s ar
) A n u m b e r o f pit s h a d b e e n d u g u p t he r i s e
.
be t w e e n t he b r id g e a n d t he g a t e a n d h idd e n u n d e r s ti c k s a n d ,
ru bbi s h ; S l Q u l i C h an aq a n d s e v e ra l o t he rs w e re t hro w n as
.
t he y g a ll o p e d o v e r t he m A fe w b ra v e s o f t he r i g ht e x c ha n g e d
.
s w o r d -c u t s wi t h t ho s e w ho c a m e o u t o f t he t o w n in a m o n g s t ,
1
T he n a m e m a y b e fr o m u r i t ag , a ho rs e - T k
sh o e , b u t O 2 1 5 f 10 2 writ e s e rs ia n I . . . P
‘
v
n a qi b , t h e s e r a n t w h o a n n o u n c es a rr i in u e st s v gg .
2
H e re , a s im m e ia t e d ly b l
e o w , w h e n m e n t io n in t he har - a h a n d t h e t o m of g C bg b
Q fi t l fi q q , d b
- a a m B a u r u s e s n a m es a c u ir e
q t he d by
a c e s a t a s u se q u e n t ate In pl b d .
9 10 A H t h e . T
a st e r w a s a i e t he lv
har - a h w a s o u ht C bg
Ba u r in 9 1 1 A H , a n d b g by b .
Q ii t l t i
’
q q d g
- a a m fo u ht a t K an wah a in
9 33 A H .
3 T h e K ii c h a - a h is s t i bg a ll g d b
a r e n a o u t 4 m i e s fro m l K b l
a u o n t h e n o rt h -w e s t a n d
dvd d
i i e fro m it by
a l o w hi - a ss ll p T
he re is s t i a r i e o n t he w a y ( E r s in e )
. ll b d g k .
l d l
g
4 re s u m a b ly t h a t o n w h ic h t he Ba a- h is ar s t o o , t h e g la c is o f a fe w in e s fu rt h e r .
5 f f 1 30
. . .
200 K AB U L
L a m g han at , Pa ra s haw a r ( P h w ), H h ( ) g
-n a a r and so m e
I
a s a a r a s t
of t he cou nt r es i of H in d fi s t an . On t he west it ha s t he
m o un tain re g o n i in wh i c h a re K a rn fi d ( P) and G har , n ow t he
r e fu g e d w e lli n g -pl a c e s o f t he H a z ara a n d N ikdi ri v a r
and .
N iku dari ) t r ib e s O n t he n o rt h s e p a ra t e d fro m it by t he ra n g e

.
,
-
o f H i n d a k u sh
- it h s a t h e Q an d fi z a
,
n d A n d a r ab c o u n t ri e s .
O n t he s o u t h it ha s F a r m ii l N a g h r ( v a r N a g hz ) B a n n fi a n d
, , .
,
A fg han i s t an .
2
( a . T ow n f )
a n d en v ir on s o K abu l .
T he K ab u l d i s t r i c t it s e l f is o f s m a ll e x t e n t ha s it s g re a t e s t ,
l e n g t h fro m e a s t t o w e s t a n d is g i r t ro u n d by m o u n t a i n s It s , .
w a ll e d -t o w n c o n n e c t s wi t h o n e o f t he s e ra t he r a lo w o n e k n o w n ,
a s S h a h -o f- K ab u l be c a u s e a t s o m e t i m e a ( H i n d a) S hah o f
K ab u l b u il t a re s id e n c e o n it s s u m m it 3 S hah -o f-K ab u l b e g i n s .
a t t he D arri n n a rr o w s a n d e n d s a t t ho s e o f D ih-i-y a q fi b 4 ;
‘
it m ay b e 4 m il e s ( 2 s ha r z ) ro u n d ; it s s ki r t is c o ve re d wit h ‘ ’
r d e n s fe r tiliz e d fr o m a c a n a l w h i c h w a s b ro u ht a l o n g t he
g a g
h ill -s l o p e in t he t i m e o f m y p a t e rn a l u n c l e A ii lfi g h B e g M i rz a ,
by h is g u a rdi a n W a i s A t ak a 5 T he w a t e r o f t h i s c a n a l c o m e s
,
.
6
t o a n e n d in a r e ti re d c o r n e r a q u a r t e r k n o w n a s K u l k i n a-
,
1
f
. 1 3 1hT o fi n d t he s e t anni n s h e re c a ss e w it h w ha t wa s n o t
. a rt o f l a u d p Kb l
su gg e s t a c e r ic a l l
o m is s io n o f e on
”
or e as t o f
”
by d
( L a m ghan at ) It m a y b e .
m o r e c o rr e c t t o w rit e L am g han at , s in c e t h e rst s a e m a y b e hi m , fo rt T he fi yll bl .
d
m o e rn fo r m L a h m an is n o t u s e g d
in t h e B abu r -n am a , n o r , it m ay b e a e is dd d
Pg a hm an fo r Pa m g han .
2
It w i ll b e o se r e b vd b l
t ha t B a u r im it s t he n am e A f han is t an t o t he c o u n t r ie s g
in ha it e b d by g b
A f han t ri e s m e n t h e a r e c hie y
t ho se s o u t h o f t h e ro a fr o m a u fly d K b l
t o Pa shawar ( E rs in e ) k
See i n e , 10 2 , fo r a
. oun arVg p
e t w e e n t h e Af h an s a n d
. b d yb g
K hu ras an .
3 Al - ’ '
b irrmi s [n dika w rit e s o f o t h ur a n d H in d t I - b

sh ahi T k
in s o f a u See
'
K g K b l .
’
R a v e rt y s N ot es p .
’
6 2 a n d S t e in s S hahz K i ng s of K abu l T h e m o u n t a in is 75 9 2 ft
'
. .
bv
a o e t h e se a , s o m e 1 8 00 ft t h e re fo r e a o e t h e t o w n . bv .
4 T he Kb l v
a u r i e r e n t e rs t he
- har -dih a in C
t h e D ih -
‘
pl
i-ya q fi b n a rr o ws , a n d by
l v
ea es it by
t ho se o f arri n Cf D ar, an . 2 88 and
. W
a n o f a e io n a t
g Pl p . Pl
C - y F - ll
har as i a ( o u r m i s ) , t he s e c o n Sh e win a n o ff t a e wh ic h m ay b e
- d g
a is A t aka s
’
k W
c ana l . Vg
Se e i n e , p
1 6 3 a n d R a v e r t y s N ot es
’
. 6 9 a n d 6 89 pp . .
5 T -
his , t h e B a a jai ( u l -
e r ca n a ) wa s a fo u r m i-pp l
s t r e a m a n d in
’
a ss o n s t im e , as ll M
ppl d
n o w, s u g d
ie wa t e r t o t he a r e n s ro u n Bab u r s t o m ’
a sso n fo u n d in a u b . M d K b l
dd
ho n o u r e d W k
e sc e n a n t s o f a is A t a a ( ii,
6
p p g l bl
Bu t fo r a , e rha s n e igi e , s h o rt e n in o f it s rs t o we , t h is fo rm o f t he n a m e g fi v l
ld d
wo u b l
e s c r i e t h e n o rm a e n d o f a n irriga t io n ca n a , a it t e o o , b u t o t he r fo rm s l l l p l
g p
w it h o t he r m ean in s a re o e n t o c h o ic e , e g sm a ha m e t ( e rs hi d), o r s o m e . . ll l P .
gP
cg m p o u n d c on t a in in e r s g u l , a ro s e , in it s a in o r m e ta h o rica s e n s e s
. pl’
arre t t s p l . J
k l l
Ay i n -i -a hba r i wr it e s G u l - i n a h , it t e ro se a sson ( ii, 2 3 6 ) m en t io n s a s im i a r M l
pl e asu re - j
re so rt , Sa n i - t aq .
9 10 A H .
— JUNE 14 T H 15 04 T O JU NE 4 T H 15 05 A D .
w he r e d e b a u c he ry ha s g o n e o n
m uch A b o u t t h i s pl a c e it .
s o m e t i m e s u s e d t o b e s a id in j e s t i n g p a ro dy o f K hw aj a H afi z
1
, ,
“
A h ! t he ha ppy t ho u g ht l e s s t i m e w hen w i t h o u r n a m e s in
, ,
ill -re p u t e w e l ive d d a y s o f d a y s a t K u l-k i n a

‘
E a s t o f S hah -o f-K a b fi l a n d s o u t h o f t he w a ll e d -t o w n l i e s
a l a rg e p o o l a b o u t a 2 m il e s
2
ro u n d F r o m t he t o w n .
s id e o f t he m o u n t a i n t h re e s m a lli s h s p r i n g s i s s u e t w o n e a r K u l ,
k i n a ; K hw aj a S ha m a s 3 t o m b is a t t he he a d o f o n e ; K hw aj a ’
Q d m h h h d f h r a n d t he t h i r d is a t
’
K hi s z r a a -
g a 4 a t t e e a o a n o t e ,
a pl a c e k n o w n K hw aj a R a u s h an al o ve r a g a i n s t K hw aj a
‘ ’
as ,
A bd u s s a m a d O n a d e t a c he d r o c k o f a s p u r o f S h o K ab u l
h f-
’
‘
- a -
.
,
k n o w n a s U q ab a in 5 s t a n d s t he c i t a d e l o f K ab u l w it h t he g re a t
‘
w a ll e d -t o w n a t it s n o r t h e n d lyi n g h i g h in e x c e ll e n t a ir a n d , ,
o v e r l o o k i n g t he l a r g e p o o l a l re a dy m e n t i o n e d a n d a l s o t h re e ,
m ea o wd s n a m e ly S iy
,
a h - s a n g ( Bl a c k -
,r o c k ) S fi n g
-q a r g h a n ,
( F o r t -b a c k
) a n d C h a l a k ( g
,
H i h w a y m a n —a m o s t b e a u ti ful
out l o o k w h e n t h e m e a d o w s a r e g r e e n T h e n o r t h -wi n d d o e s .
f
n o t fa il K ab u l in t he h e a t s ; p e o pl e c a l l it t he P a rw an w in d - ’
;
it m a k e s a d e li g ht fu l t e m p e ra t u re in t he wi n d o w e d ho u s e s o n
t he n o r t he r n p a r t o f t he c i t a d e l In p ra i s e o f t he c i t a d e l o f .
K ab u l M u ll a M u h a m m a d T a lz o Mn a m m o z ( t he R iddl e r ) 7
,
‘
T he o ri gi l
wit h w hic h t h e a rod a r e e s in r h m e a n d r e fra in , is in t he
na ode , p y g y
D i w an , s I D o! ( B ro c ha u s e d
. . k
1 8 5 4 , i, 6 2 a n d it h e d . See i e rfo r c e l . . p . W lb
Cl k l l
a r e s it e ra t ra n s a t io n i, 2 86 ( H B
’
l
A m a r in a n o t e t o t he H a i a ra a
. o e
. g l d bdC d x
gv i e s w ha t a ea rs t o b e a pp v
a ria n t o f o n e o f t h e r h m e s o f t h e a ro y p dy .
d k pp d p
Wp
’
a fi l fi g /z kn] so m e 3 m in E r s in e s t im e ; m a e as a s wa m in S A
2
ro u n .
.
ar . 2 88
A m a rg ma l n o t e t o t he Ha i
3 od e e . C
a in s t h is n a m e t o b e a n a x xpl
r e ia t io n o f bb v
Kh w a a Sha m sfi d -di n j an -M2: ( o r j a /z cz n -odz ;
j M
’
as so n , ii, 2 79 a n d iii,
'
’
'
4 z e t he
. . a c e m a e ho pl d
a n im re ss o f sa in t ly by
fo o t -s t e s p ly p .
5 T wo e a e s o r, T wo gl
o es , u se fo r u n is hm e n t p l ’
d p
Vi n e s illu st ra t io n ( p 16 1 ) . g p .
l
c ea r ly
sh o w s t h e s u r a n d t he p
e ta c h e ro c E rs in e (d 13 7 n d
sa s t ha t
‘
k
U q aba in. k p . . y
se e m s t o b e t h e h i , ll k‘
n o w n in h is d a y as A shiq an 1 arifa n , wh ic h c o n n ec t s w it h
-‘
b
Ba u r Ba sh ah d
See Ra v e rt y s N ot es p 6 8
’
. . .
6
D
u rin g y d
m o s t o f t h e e a r t his win r u she s t h ro u h t he H in u u sh ( a rwan ) -p a ss g d k P
k
it c he c s t he m igr a t io n o f t he ir s b d
a n d it m a y b e t he ca u se o f t h e e o sit d p
o f t he R
u n n in g
sa n s ( B u rn e s , p d Cf oo , p
124 . . W d p . .
7 He ‘ ’
-
was Ba di u z z a m an s Sad r
’
e fo r e s e r in B a ur ; h e ie b
in 9 18 A H v g b d d .
( 15 12 in t h e att e of Kfi l i m a i
- - b l
whe re
‘
U ba idu l -lah A nz oeg
’
lk
e fea t e d d
Ba u r b H e m a y b e i e n t ica w it h Mi r H u sa in t h e
. d li e r o f f 18 1, b u t se e m s n o t R ddl .
t o be u a Mu h
M ll i l
e ca u se t h e H a oz ou s - R ddl b
’ '
a so a . e r, s zy a r ( ii, 34 3
a n d 344 ) gv
i e s t h is m a n a s e a ra t e n o t ice p
ho se in t e r e s t e 1D e n i m a s ca n fi n d . T d g
one m a e d by T l b
a i o n t he na m e ah a (H S ii, Y y
Sha r a fu d di n A li Ya z a i ,
’ ‘ ’
. .
'
t h e a u t ho r o f t h e Za a r -n a m a , w r o t e a
f oo a out a n o e in o f t he se b k b
uz z es vl k d p l
(T R p 84 )
K AB U L
u se d it e t h i s pl e t co m p o se d B a d1 u z - a m an z M i rz a s ’
F ol . 129. t o re c co u , on
name
D i k wi i t h
r n ne n e ca st e o f l Kab l u an d se n d t he c p ro d w it ho u t p
u un a u se
F K ab l i m
or u s o u n t a in , is r ive ir, s c it y , is l wl d in o
o an ne .
x
( b d . n! as a ) i
t r a d g t ow n
n - .
J u s t a s A ra b s c a ll e ve ry pl a c e o u t s id e A ra b ( A ra b i a ) A j a m
‘ ‘
,
‘
,
s o H in d fi s t an i s c a l l e v e ry pl a c e o u t s id e H i n d us t an K hu ras an , .
T he re a re t wo t ra d e -m a rt s o n t he l a n d -ro u t e b e t w e e n H in d fi s t an
a n d K hu ras an o n e is K ab u l t he o t he r Q a n d a h ar T o K ab u l , , .
c a ra v a n s c o m e fro m K as hg h a r F a rg h an a T u r ki s t an S a m a r k a n d ,
2
, , ,
B u k hara B a lkh H i s ar a n d B a d a k hs han

, , T o Q a n d a h ar th e y .
come fr o m K h u r as a n K ab u l is a n e x c e ll e n t .t ra d i n g
-c e n t re
if m e rc han t s w e n t t o K hi t a o r t o R am 3 t he y m i g h t m a k e n o ,
h i g he r p ro fi t D o w n t o K ab u l e ve ry y e a r c o m e 7 8 o r
.
, ,
ho rs e s a n d u p t o it fro m H in d fi s t an c o m e e v e ry y e a r c a ra v a n s
, ,
o f 10 1 5 o r ,
he a d s -o f-ho u s e s b r i n g i n g s l a v e s whit e ,
c l o th su g a -c a n dy re fi n e d a n d c o m m o n s u a rs d a o m a t i c
,
r , g a n r ,
ro o t s M a n y a t ra d e r is n o t c o n t e n t with a p ro fit o f 30 o r 4 0
.
on In K ab u l c a n b e h a d t he p ro d u c t s o f K hu ras an R am , ,
‘
I raq a n d C hi n ( C h i n a ) w h il e it is H in d fi s t an s o w n m a rk e t ’
.
( 6 . P r odu ct s a n d cli m a t e o f K d on t ) .
In t he coun r t y of K ab u l t he re
ld di s t r i c t s c l o s e , a re ho t and co
t o o n e a n o t he r In o n e da y a m a n m a y g o o u t o f t he t o w n o f
.
,
K ab u l t o w he re s n o w n e ve r fa l l s o r he m a y g o in t w o s id e re a l , ,
ho u rs t o w he re it n e v e r t h a w s u n l e s s wh e n t he h e a t s a re s u c h
, ,
t ha t it c a n n o t p o s s ibly lie .
F ru it s o f ho t a n d c o ld c li m a t e s a re t o b e ha d in t he di s t ri c t s
n e a r t he t o w n A m o n g s t t ho s e o f t he c o ld c li m a t e t he re a re
.
,
ha d in t he t o w n t he g ra p e p o m e g ra n a t e a p r i c o t a ppl e q u i n c e , , , , ,
T he o ri gi l c o pl e t
na u is as fo ll o ws
B a te/Mr a a r a rg -z [( ci on l m a z , oag a m ’d n h i m p oy a’a r p dy ,

' '
’
K a lz fl a n: ko/z a s t , n Iz a m da ry fi , u b a r n s fi a b r a s t , n 1mm s a tz r d ’
.
Wh at Talib
’
d d
wo r s m a y b e in fe rre t o c o n c e a is t he o in io n t ha t i e Ba d1 u z -z a m an l p lk
Wd
s
lk
a n d i e t h e m e a n in o f h is n a m e ,
'
g
a u is t he o n er -o f-t h e -w o r ( K b l
Cf G a rgin ld . . M .
de T a ss y s A lz é/o r z on e [p
’ ' '
fo r ( es eon z oz n a z son s
’
.
2
A ll MS S d o n o t m e n t io n K as hg ha r
. .
3
K C y
hi t a ( a t ha ) is N o rt he r n h in a ; C
hi n ( i nf r a ) is h in a ; R fi m is ur e and C C T ky
p a rt ic u a r l ly
t he p v
r o in c e s n ea r r e iz o n ( E rs in e ) T b d k .
4
300 % t o 4 0 0 % ( E rs in e ) k .
K AB U L
at n i g ht w i t h o u t a f A l t ho u g h t he s n o w in m o s t pl a c e s -
u r c o at
I
.
li e s d e e p in w i n t e r t he c o ld is n o t e x c e s s iv e w he re a s in ,
F ol . 130 .
S a m a r k a n d a n d T a b ri z b o t h lik e K ab u l n o t e d fo r t he i r pl e a s a n t , , ,
c li m a t e t he c o ld is e x t r e m e
,
.
( a
’
. Mea dow s of K abu l .
)
T h e re a re g o o d
id e s o f K ab u l A n m e ad o ws on t he fo u r s .
e x c e ll e n t o n e S an g -q arg h an is s o m e 4 m il e s ( 2 lea f on) t o t he

, ,
/
n o r t h -e a s t it h a s g ra s s fi t fo r ho rs e s a n d fe w m o s q u i t o s To .
t he n o r t h -w e s t is t he C hal ak m e a d o w s o m e 2 m il e s ( I ,
a w a y a l a rg e o n e b u t in it m o s q u i t o s g re a t ly t ro u bl e t he h o r s e s
, .
O n t he w e s t is t he D ar ri n in fa c t t he re a re t wo T i p a a n d Q fi s h , ,
n adi r ( v a r n aw a r ) if t w o a re c o u n t e d he re t he re w o u ld b e fi v e
.
,
-
,
in a ll E a c h o f t he s e is a b o u t 2 m il e s fro m t he t o w n b o t h a re
.
s m a ll h a v e g r a s s g o o d fo r ho rs e s a n d n o m o s q u it o s
,
K ab u l ha s ,
n o o he rs s o g o o d
t O n t h e e a s t is t h e S iy s a n g m e a d o w w i t h
a h - .
O w a q - a da m s t o m b
q b e t w e e n it a n d t he C u rr i e r s - a t e
’
g it is
z ’
n o t w o r t h m u c h b e c a u s e in t he h e a t s it s w a r m s w i t h m o s q u i t o s , , .
K a m a ri 3 m e a d o w a d j o i n s it c o u n ti n g t h i s in t he m e a d o ws o f ,
K ab u l w o u ld b e s ix b u t t he y a re a l w a y s s p o k e n o f a s fo u r , .
Mou n t a in -p a s s es
'
( e . z nto K abu l .
)
T he y o f K ab u l is a fa s t n e s s ha r d fo r a fo re i g n fo e t o
cou ntr
m a k e h is w a y i n t o .
T he H i n d a-k u s h m o u n t a i n s w h i c h s e p a r a t e K ab u l fr o m B a lk h , ,
z a n d B a d a k h s h an a r e c ro s s e d by s e v e n r o a d s 4 T
Q a n d fi h r e e , .
1
p as t i n , u su a lly o f sh e e p- ki s n .F o r t h e w i e ra n e o f t e m d g p t
e ra u r e at K ab l i u n
24 h o u rs , see En cy . B rt t . a rt . g
A f han ist an T he w in t e rs a so . l v ym
ar uc h in ve ity se r
( B u rn e s p , .
2
I dx n A s h f gh t t K a w ah
e s n
. . h w ill h v b e b i d ft M c h
ou a n a , e a e ee n ur e a er ar
1 5 2 7 AD thi t y th f e w ill h v b m d l t Th C ie -g t e i t h
’
. s en r e re o r a e e en a e a er . e u rr rs a s e
l t L ho -g t ( M
a er a ii r a e a sso n , ,
3 I dx n e s n
. .
l i t f t h H i d a-k h p s L e h R p t V II Y l sI t d t y ’ ’
4 F
y t W d j
or s s o e n us a s e s see e c s e or u e n ro u c or
P R G S 1 8 79 M k h m t p 12 1
’
E y 2 d d
’
ss a o oo s ou r n e n e .
, ar a s ar . . .
T h high t t o t he p se h
e es m t d by Bab
co s n K h wak 1 as ft s e re e n u e ra e u r a re , — a .
T fi l h ight , t k ew Fa di no ft B aj g ah ( T ll -pl
no n, — ) ft W l ian
ra n .
— - o ace .
— a
( S i t
a n s ) ft C h h a -da
( F -d
) .
— ft d S hib t
a 9 800 ft
r I r o ur o o rs . an r - ii
’
. n
co ns id e i g t h l b r n f t he i s t d d
e a t th g
our o l high l v l th d
r a cen an esce n , e e n e ra e e , nor an
so u th f th m h ld b b
o e i mi d
e , gs C h a i
ouk a ( C h a -
y k
e -ka
) t d s 5 2 00 ft
o rn n n e . . r r r a r s an .
an d K ab l it l f t 5 78 0 ft u b v th e se a . a o e e s a.
9 10 A H .
-
jU N E I 4 T H 15 04 TO J U NE 4 T H 15 05 A D .
of t he s e le ad out o fK h a w ak t he u pp e r Pa njhi r ( P a n j -s he r
) ,
v iz .
,
m o s t T al t he n e xt l o w e r a n d B az ar a k
, ,
O f t h e p a s s e s o n t he m ,
.
I
,
t he o n e o n t he T fi l ro a d is t he b e s t b u t t he r o a d i t s e l f is r a t he r ,
t he l o n g e s t w he n c e s e e m i n g ly it is c a ll e d T ii l B az ara k is t he
'
.
, ,
m o s t d i re c t ; l ik e T fi l it l e a d s o v e r i n t o S a r -i-ab a s it p a s s e s ,
t h ro u g h F ara n d i l o c a l p e o pl e c a l l it s m a i n p a s s t he F ara n d i
'
.
, ,
A n o t he r r o a d l e a d s u p t h r o u g h P a rw an ; it h a s s e v e n m i n o r
p a s s e s k n o w n a s H a ft -b a c ha ( S e v e n -y o u n g li n g s ) b e t we e n
, ,
P a rw an a n d it s m a i n p a s s ( B aj-g ah) I t i s j o i n e d a t it s m a i n .
‘
p a s s by t w o ro a d s fro m A n d a r-ab w h i c h g o o n t o P a rw an by ,
it . T h i s is a r o a d fu ll o f di f fi c u lti e s O u t o f G h fi r - bu n d a g a i n .
, ,
t h re e r o a d s l e a d o v e r T he o n e n e xt t o P a rw an k n o w n a s t he .
,
Y an gi -y fi l p a s s ( N e w -ro a d ) g o e s t hro u g h W al i an t o K hi n j a n ; ,
n e x t a bo v e t h i s is t he Q i p c haq ro a d c r o s s i n g t o w he r e t he w a t e r ,
o f A n d a r ab m e e t s t he S ar k h ab ( Q i zi l -s fi ) ;
- - t h i s a l s o is a n
e x c e ll e n t ro a d ; a n d t h e t h i r d l e a d s o v e r t h e S h ib r -t a pass ;
2
t ho se c ro s s i n g by t h i s in t he he a t s t a k e t he i r w a y by B am i an
a n d S a i g h an b u t t ho s e c ro s s i n g by it in w i n t e r g o o n by Ab -d a ra
, ,
( V V a t e r - v a ll e y ) 3 S h ib r -t a e x c e p t e d a ll t h
. e H i n d a -k u s h ro a d s ,
a r e c l o s e d fo r t h re e o r fo u r m o n t h s in wi n t e r 4 b e c a u s e n o r o a d ,
-
t h ro u g h a v a ll e y b o t t o m is p a s s a bl e w he n t he w a t e rs a re h i g h .
If a n y o n e t h i n k s t o c ro s s t he H in d t i k u s h a t t ha t ti m e o v e r t he
- -
‘
m o u n t a i n s i n s t e a d o f th ro u g h a v a ll e y -b o t t o m his j o u rn e y is ,
h a rd i n d e e d T he t i m e t o c ro s s is d u r i n g t he t hre e o r fo u r
.
a u t u m n m o n t hs w he n t he s n o w is l e s s a n d t he w a t e r s a re lo w .
W he t he r o n t he m o u n t a i n s o r in t he v a ll e y -b o t t o m s K afi r h i g h ,
w a y m e n a re n o t fe w .
T he ro a d fro m K ab u l i n t o K hu ras an p a s se s t hro u g h Q a n d a h ar ;

it is q u i t e l e v e l wi t ho u t a p a s s ,
.
i . e . t h e ho l g ll
p t iv ly P jhi is e xpl i e d
o w, on , a n d sm a ll -ba az r ro a d s res ec e . an r a n
by H i da t n t he fi s o b P j-h
f P d (M
e aniii s e r, ve li -o n so n s o an u a ss o n , ,
Shib i
2
i t b tw
r th h
s a H a di t
d f t h G hfi -b d v ll y d Bam ia
az ra s r c e een e ea o e r un a e an n .
It d t
oes no m t be e ct t m it t h t a f m t h
se e m f t he p
o P i tac o rr o o e ro e na e o a ss . e rs a n ,
tu rn ,t wi t ( y p i a) i s th sm f l
n lp. t c d it h t
o c c u rs n o er na es o o ca ass e s o re a e r e as a u rn
a g w it h w h t i
rees id f Shib -t a p t i g b t t
a s sa i g t h e H i d -k h o r a s s as no c ro ss n u u rn n n
’
ii us
( C i g h
unn n m ) L d t h m
“
a
e w d i g b
. t t h e Ha j i g
or h at ( -kak t ) u se s e sa or n a ou - v a r. e c .
t v p whi h t xt m ity f t h H i da-k h ”

ra f th
e rse m o th e sa e s S u r, c u rn s e e re o e n us . ee
C i gh m A i t G g p ay i 2 5 L d Gna -o (J A SE 18 38 p
unn n a
’
s n c en eo r a , , or
’
s r u na
’
.
M iii 1 6 9
a ss o n , d L h R p t V II , an ee c
’
s e or .
P h p th gh J al m i h i t S ighan
3 er a s ro u s n o a .
i 4 th y . el d . e a re c o s e .
20 6 K AB U L
Fo u r d s l e a d s i n t o K ab u l fro m t he H in d fi s t an s id e ; o n e by
ro a
r a t he r a lo w p a s s t h ro u g h t he K ha ib a r m o u n t a i n s a n o t he r by ,
w a y o f B a n g a s h a n o t he r by w a y o f N a g h r ( v a r N a g hz ) a n d
I
.
, ,
a n o t h e r t h r o u g h F a r m ii l ; t he p a s se s b e i n g lo w a l s o in t h e t h re e
2
‘
l a s t -n a m e d T he s e ro a d s a re a ll re a c he d fro m t hre e fe r r i e s o ve r
.
t he S i n d T h o s e. w h o t a k e t h e N i l -ab 3 fe rry c o m e o n t h ro u g h ,
t he L a m g h an at 4 In w i n t e r h o w e v e r p e o pl e fo r d t he S i n d
.
, ,
w e (
a t r a t H a r u ) a b o v e it s j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e K a b u l -w a t e r 5 a nd ,
fo rd t h i s a l s o In m o s t o f m y e xp e d i t i o n s i n t o H in d fi s t an
‘
.
,
I c ro s se d t ho s e fo rd s b u t t h i s l a s t t i m e ( 9 3 2 A H 152 5 , .
—
w he n I c a m e d e fe a t e d S l I b rahi m a n d c o n q u e re d t he c o u n t ry
,
.
,
I c ro s s e d by b o a t a t N i l-ab E x c e p t a t t h e o n e pl a c e m e n t i o n e d .
a b o v e t he S i n d w a t e r c a n b e c r o s s e d o n ly by b o a t
,
- T ho s e a g a i n .
,
6
w ho c ro s s a t D i n ko t g o o n t h ro u g h B a n g a s h
- T ho s e c ro s s i n g .
a t C ha u p ar a if t he y t a k e t he F a r m fi l r o a d
, g o o n t o G h a z ni , ,
o r if t h e y g o by t he D a s ht g o o n t o Q a n d a h ar ?
, ,
It wa s u n n o w n in Mr E r s in e s da y ( e m s
k k M p v l
’
I
. Se e ra o f t h e r o u t e s in . .
’
R a v e r t y s N ot es ( 9 2 e t c ) ap o w. i t t o b e o c a t .e a s o n t hlle I r i -ab n e a r t o o r i e n t ic a
, l d d l
w it h B ag h z an , 3 5 I nt r o/i s ( 70 m ) e of a u . . K b l .
2
F a r m ijl , a o u t t h e s it u a t io n o f w h ic h Mr E rs in e w a s in o u t , is n o w m a r e
b . k d b kd
p
in m a s , U rgh fi n e in it s r in c i a b g
i a e p p l v ll g .
3 1 l bl
5 m i e s e o w A t a ( E r s k in e ) Mr E rs in e n o t e s t ha t he fo u n n o w a rra n t ,
k . . k d
p v ’
ll g I d
r e io u s t o Ab ii l fa z l s , fo r c a in
- ’ ’
ld
t h e n u s t h e N i l -ab , a n d t ha t t o fi n d o n e w o u
lv
so g g p l d fi ly T d fi ly
e a n a n c ie n t e o ra hic a if c u t b d gg h is if c u t , m y h u s a n s u e st s , w a s
fl
.
lx d
A e a n e r s su pp
’
I d
o s it io n t ha t t he l b k g p g d
n u s wa s t h e N i e I n o o s r o u in ro u n t he .
ppl d
B abu r -n an z a , t he n a m e N i l -ab is n o t a I d y ie t o the n u s , b u t t o t he fe r r -s t a t io n
d
o n t ha t r iv e r , s a i p g
t o o w e it s n a m e t o a s r in d o f a z u r e w a t e r o n it s e a s t e rn s i e .
lK han X/z a tt a a,
R p ’
( C f A fz a
. 5 N ot es . .
I ppl d
fi n d t h e n a m e N i l -ah a K b l ie t o t he a u -riv e r — 1 t o it s A rg ha n di a i u e n t .
C g
( u n n in ha m ,p 1 7 , Ma p ) ; 2 t h ro u h it s
g b. l b o a t m a n c a ss , t he N i l -
. a i s o f L alp fi ra ,
J llbd
a aa a G I
a n d K il n ar ( Kb l
of lly
1 9 0 7, a r t . b y
a u ) 3 in fe re n t ia
. t o it a s a t ri u t a r . .
o f t he I d n us fl
4 t o it g y l ld
n e a r it s c o n u e n c e w it h
. t h e r e , s i t - a en
I d
n us, a s bl by ue yy d G l
c o n t ra s t ( S a d i p
h u am i m u ha m m a , R s N o t es
- - ’
(Fo r . .
b d C
N i l -ab ( N a u l ib is P) in t g
i r- un p see M u n n in ha m , 32 a n d a s s o n , iii, .
4 B
y o n e o f t p
w o r o u t e s by e r K
h a s
p ,
—e it h e r d t h e h a i b a r -N i n g na h a r —
J a g dalik r o a ,
l g b k
t he n o rt h K b l o f the g G g
a u -r iv e r , t h ro u h o s h t a t o t h e c r o ss in w h e re ,
W
or a on an
d
in 1 8 79 , t he l o t h H u s s a rs m e t w it h is a s t e r p S ee S A ar, M a
p 2 a nd 63 ; . . . .
II
L e e c h s k et or t s
’
IV F d and I d p
( o r s o f t he n u s ) a n d R s N ot es
’
44 . . .
5 H ar u
,
’
p ly b k x g
L e e c h s H a rro o n , a p a r e n t , 10 m a o v e A t a d T h e t e t m i h t b e re a . .
b v d d
t o m e a n t ha t o t h r i e rs w e re fo r e fl fi d g
n e a r t h e ir c o n u e n c e , b u t , n in n o w a rra n t
pp g
fo r s u o s in Kb l v
t he d bl b l J l l b d I v
a u -r i e r fo r a e e o w a a a a , dd l ha e g u i e t he t ra n s a t io n
d gly
a c c o r in g l g
t h is m a y b e w r o n a n d m a y c o n c e a a c ha n e in t h e r iv e r .
6
k l D
no w n a so a s M g
han ko t a n d a s
- u a z z a m n a a r ( Ma as i r n t n m r a i, 2 4 9 a n d
‘
- ‘ ’
-
‘
A N t rs H B in e s n
. . dx . D . . b k
han -k o t ) I d
I t w a s o n t he e a s t
. . an o f t he . n u s,
p b bly
ro a d K l bg
n e a r m o e rn d y b AD
a a- a h , a n d wa s w a s h e a wa n o t e fo r e 9 5 6 A H ( 1 5 4 9 . .
. v dg
H B e e ri e ) .
7 C ha u ara
p C p vy
s e e m s , fro m f 14 8 5 , t o b e t h e ha a r i o f S u r e Ma p 1 88 9
. Bab u r s
’
.
d D
D as /z t is m o e rn am a n .
K AB U L
n a r ro w s .
I
So lo ng
ltiv a t i o n a l o n g it t he
as t h e re wa s no cu ,
K hirilc hi a n d o t h e r A fg h an t h i e v e s u s e d t o m a k e it t he i r b e a t ,
b u t it ha s b e c o m e s a fe s i n c e I h a d it p pl d
e o e a t Q a r a-t a 3 be l o w
2
,
h e h o t a n d c o ld c l i m a t e s a r e s e p a r a t e d o n t h i s
Q r ii q -s ai T
‘
fi .
ro a d by t h e p a s s o f B ad a m -c h a s h m a ( A l m o n d -s p r i n ) ; o n it s
g
K ab u l s id e s n o w fa ll s n n e Q t a a - a i t w a rd s t he L a m h an at 4
o a r
q s o g, , .
A ft e r d e s c e n di n g t h i s p a s s a n o t he r w o r ld c o m e s i n t o vi e w o t he r , ,
t re e s o t he r pl a n t s ( o r g ra s s e s ) o t he r a n i m a l s a n d o t he r m a n n e rs
, , ,
a n d c u s to m s o f m e n N i n g n a h ar is n i n e t o rre n t s ( t uguz .
It g ro w s g o o d c ro p s o f r i c e a n d c o r n e x c e ll e n t a n d a b u n d a n t ,
o r a n g e s c it ro n s a n d p o m e g r a n a t e s
,
In 9 14 A H ( 1 5 0 8 9 A D ) . .
—
.
I l a id o u t t he Fo u r-g a rd e n s k n o w n a s t he B ag h -i-w a fa ( G a r d e n ,
o f-fide lit y ) on a r i s i n - ro u n d
g g ,
fa c i n g s o u t h a n d h a vi n
g t h e ,
6
S fi rkh r ad b e t w e e n it a n d F o rt A di n a p ii r
- T h e r e o ra n g e s c i t r o n s .
,
a n d p o m e g r a n a t e s g r o w in a b u n d a n c e T he y e a r I d e fe a t e d .
P a har K h an a n d t o o k L aho r a n d D ip alp fi ri I ha d pl a n t a i n s

( b a n a n a s ) b ro u g h t a n d pl a n t e d t he re ; t he y d id ve ry w e l l T he .
y e a r b e fo re I h a d ha d s u g a r-c a n e pl a n t e d t he re it a l s o d id w e ll
8
s o m e o f it w a s s e n t t o B u k h ara a n d B a d a k h s h an T he g a rd e n .
li e s h i g h ha s r u n n i n g -w a t e r c l o s e a t h a n d a n d a m ild w i n t e r
, ,
c l im ate In t e m iddl e o f it a o n e m ill s t re a m fl o w s c o n s t a n tly

h .
-
,
p a s t t he l it t l e h ill o n w h i c h a re t he fo u r g a rd e n -pl o t s In t he .
s o u t h -w e s t p a r t o f it t he re is a re s e rv o i r 10 by ro u n d w h i c h ,
On e of l it e y in Mr i in s My L or d t /z e E lep na n t
K pl g ’
t h e se t a n gz is
'
no w a
1
ra r a sse t . .
Bab ur
’
s 13 y . re p re s e n t som e 8 2 m il e s ; o n f 1 3 75 t h e Kb lG
a u - ha z n i ro a o f 14
. d y .
re p r e se n t s s o m e 8 5 ; in e a c h c a se k v
t he y ig b ac /z w o r s o u t a t o e r s ix m i e s ( n e l I dx
s n
.
y ig /z ac/z a n d
. i n e, Vg p . Sa i yy d G l d
hu am -i-m u h a m m a t ra c e s t his ro u t e
m in u t e
’
( R s N ot esly 5 7,
. pp .
2
M
a sso n wa s s h e wn C ha gha t a i c a st e s a t t ri u t e t o B a u r ( iii, l b d b
3 D k
ar - t u rn , p p b
e rh a s , a s in Shi r -t a, J al -t i i , e t c ( f 1 30 o a n d n o t e t o S hi r - t a)
'
. . b .
4 f 14 5 w h e re t he c ha n e is
. e sc ri e g d
in i e n t ica w o r s , a s s e e n s o u t h o f t he bd d l d
J g
a da li k - a ss T p
h e Ba am -c ha shm a
. a ss a d
e a r s t o b e a t ra e rs e o f t he e a st e rn p pp v
p
ra m a r t o f t h e iz i n - a e T v ll y .
5 A pp d x
en i E , On N ag a r a /z ar a .
6
d x
N 0 r e c o r e is t s o f t h e a c t u a a in -o u t o f t he a r e n t he wo r m a y ha e ee n lly g g d k v b
dd g
p u t in h a n u r in t h e Ma hm a n d e e it io n o f 9 14 A H xp d
( f 2 16 ) t he n a m e iv e n t o . . g
gg g
it s u e s t s a ga t he rin t h e r e o f o a is t s w h e n t h e s t r e s s wa s o e r o f t h e b a d l yl u ha v M g l
b ll y
r e e io n o f t ha t e a r ( f 2 1 6 6 wh e r e t h e n a r ra t i e .r e a s o ff a ru t in 9 14 A H a n d v b k b p ly .
ll d by
is fo o we d a gap o w n t o 9 2 5 A H - 1 5 19 . AD .
l
7 No anna s of
9 30 A H a r e kn o w n t o e is t fro m Sa fa r 9 2 6 A H t o 9 32 A H
. x . .
(J a n 1 5 .2 0 —N o v 1 2 A D
5 5 ) t he re is a a c u n a
. A c c o u n t s o f t he e
. e it io n a re l
i en . xp d gv
by K h afi K
han , i, 4 7 a n d F ir is ht a , it h e d 202 l . . p . .
P
8
r e su m a bly
t o his so n , H u m ayfi n , t h e n o e r n o r in B a a hs han B u hara a s o
‘
gv dk k l
wa s u n e r Bab u r s ru e d’
l .
9 h e re a
, o rz , ar s y d
T he im e n s io n s 10
‘
d
10 , a r e t h o s e e n o ine fo r
. a ces o f a u t io n by j d pl bl .
9 10 A H .
—
] U N E 14 T H 15 04 TO JUNE 4 11 1 15 05 A D .
a re o r an g e -t re e s a n d a p o m e g ra n a t e s t he w ho l e e n c i rc l e d by
fe w ,
a t r e fo il -m e a d o w T h i s is t he b e s t p a rt o f t he g a rd e n a m o s t
.
,
b e a u t i fu l s i g h t w he n t he o ra n g e s t a k e c o l o u r T r u ly t ha t g a r d e n .
is a d m i ra bly s i t u a t e d
T he S a fe d -ko h r u n s a l o n g t he s o u t h o f N i n g n a har d ivid i n g it ,
fro m B h n o idi n - r o a d c ro s s e s it n i n e t o rr e n t s ( t ug uz
a n g a s r g
r zZ
’
i
a ) s s u e fro m it I t is c a l l e d S a fe d - ko h b e c a u s e it s s n o w
.
‘ 2
n e ve r l e s s e n s n o n e fa ll s in t he l o w e r p a r t s o f it s v a ll e y s a h a l f ,
d a y s j o u rn e y fro m t he s n o w -li n e M a n y pl a c e s a l o n g it ha v e
’
.
a n e x c e ll e n t c l i m a t e it s w a t e rs a re c o ld a n d n e e d n o ic e .
T he S ar k h -r fi d fl o w s a l o n g t he s o u t h o f A di n a p fi r T he fo r t .
s t a n d s o n a h e i g ht h a vi n g a s t r a i g h t fa ll t o t he r iv e r o f s o m e
1 3 0 ft ( 4 0 5 0 gai n) a n d i s o l a t e d fro m t he m o u n t a i n b e h i n d it o n
“
—
.
t he n o rt h ; it is v e ry s t ro n g ly pl a c e d T h a t m o u n t a i n r u n s b e t w e e n .
N i n g n a har a n d L a m g h an 3 o n it s he a d s n o w fa ll s w he n it s n o w s
in K ab u l s o L a m g h an i s k n o w w he n it h a s s n o w e d in t he t o w n
, .
In g o i n g fro m K ab u l i n t o t he L a m g han at 4 if p e o pl e c o m e ,
—
by Q r aq s a - a i o n e ro a d g o e s o,
n t h r o u
g h t h e D i ri -p a s s c r o ss e s ,
t he B ar an -w a t e r a t B al an a n d s o o n i n t o t he L a m g h an at , ,
t h t h h Q a -t a b l w a a - a i t h
an o e r g o e s ro u g a r e o
Q r
q s c ro s s e s e , ,
B aran w a t e r t A fi lfi g n fi r ( G re a t
- a h -
g o e s i n t o L a m han
g
by t he p a s s o f B ad -i-p i c h 5 If ho we v e r p e o pl e c o m e by N ijr-a fi .
,
h
t e y t r a v e r s e B a d r -a fi ( gT a - a fi ) a n d Q a r a-n a ka ri
q( ) P a n d g o o n , ,
t h ro u g h t he p a s s o f B ad -i-p i c h .
P m bly t h
r esu a o se o f t h e t ag - ’
az r ua , su p ra C f A ppe n d ix E , On N ag a r a aar a
. . .
2
Whit e -m t i o un a n ; P u s h t a, p g
S i n - hu r ( o r gha r ) .
3 i . e . t he La m g han at v i ly m e d i ( P i ) Siyahp p ro er . T he ra n g e is a r ous na n e rs a n
k h ( B l k -m
o t i ) whi h l ik T
ac ki Q a t agh m y m
ou n a n ,
-s wy cby Taj ik e ur ar - a ea n n o n no s,
B agh i at ak ( F t -f t h g d ) by A fgha K d gh d by L m gh a i
’
-- a os er a er s ar en n s, an a- u r, an a n s
K h -i b f la
o - K d d Bala b t h b i g f y t t i b l w it ( M
i n, — an a an iii 1 8 9 n o e n e rr -s a o ns e o a ss o n , ,
l t h Tim es N 2 0 t h 19 12 f
a so e c g t ill
ov t ti
. f d iv mi g) or a o na e u s ra on o e rs e n a n .
A
4 mm t m d h
co by M E k i
en ah g e f m i t ill
e re pp p i t r . rs ne o n c an es o na e s s a ro r a e,
b t
u mso mi g h ge se e m y w ll b d n t v i d
c l c t i f l d m k Of t h
an es a e e ue o ar e se e on o an - ar s . e
th t x t d c ib d i t h t xt
re e ro u e s n e es r f M d aw e th n d e e , o n e c r o ss e s a s or an r ar e se c o n ,
as
A li h g l it t l b l w t h t f ll f th T i w t ; t h t hi d m y t k
‘
for -s an , a e e o ff
e ou a o e iz n - a er e r a a e o
f m th
ro t b t w K ab l d T g - fi m k d i C l T
e ro u e , e e en m p ( PR G S 18 8 1
u an a a ,
ar e n o . an n er s
’
a
p . C f R R t 11 . d f
’
A al fi gh - fi
s A pp d ix F O t /
ou e m Nu an or n r, en , n ze n a e
'
r.
5 Th m f t hi p s h
e na v l v i t It
e o s d mp as t wh t va s se it e ra ar an s . s se c o n co o n en , a e er s
f m i
or , lly t k t m p
s u su a b t t a d it hen p w ld b d d t
o ea n ass , u o re a e re as a ss ou e re un an ,
i
s n ce Bab w it urpa (Ai t ! ) f Bad i-pi h
r es Pi h pl
ss m b th
n a o - c c o c c u rs a s a ace na e o
e ast ( Pi h ) d w t ( Pi hg h a ) f t h e nat l b t w h t w ld s it t h b it t
c an es c d v
n o a ,
u a ou u e e r an e en
f t l wi d
a a f th pn s wo ld b t d the m Wh i l i g w i d (bad -i -p i a)
a ss ou e o rea e na e as r n - n c .
A th no xpl t i
er e gg t it l f f m fi d i g
a na o n su id bl e m b f p ss - m
es s se ro n n a cons e ra nu er o a na es
h Shib -t i J al -t -t a i whi h t ? i y ym f p i / t'
Q t wi t th
B ad -i-pi h m y b e t h e l o l f m f Bad t a W
su c as ar l , ii , ar ,
n c i s a s non o c z, u rn , s us
c a i dy-t ca or o -
,
n u rn .
K AB U L
A l t ho u g h N i n g n a h ar is o ne o f t he fi v e t ann i n s of t he L a m g han
L a m g han at ppli e s s t r i c t ly ly t o t he t h re e
'
t ii m an t he n am e a on
( m e n t i o n e d be l o w ) .
'
A li -s ha n g t am an , t o t he
‘
On e of t he t h r e e is t he n o rt h of
w h i c h a re f ast n e ss - m o u n t a i n s, co nne ct ng i w i t h H i n d a-k u s h an d
i n ha bi t e d by K afi rs on ly . W ha t of K afi r is t an li e s n e a re s t to
‘
A li -s ha n g , is ’
Mi l o u t w h i c h it s t o rr e n t
i s s u e s T he t o m b o f
of .
L o r d L am f fa t he r o f h is R e v e ren c e t he p ro p he t N u h ( N o a h) ,
is in t h i s t ui n d n In s o m e h i s t o r i e s he is c a ll e d L a m a k a n d
.
L a m a k an S o m e p e o pl e a re o b s e rve d o ft e n t o c ha n g e adf fo r
.
n a in ( I
a fo r g n) it w o u ld se e m t o b e o n t h i s a c c o u n t t h a t t he
g
c o u n t ry is c a ll e d L a m g h an .
T he s e c o n d is A la n g ar T he p a rt o f K afi r is t an n e a re s t to it
.
is G a w ar ( K a w ar ) o u t o f w h i c h it s t o rre n t i s s u e s ( t he G a u o r
,
K au ) T hi s t o rre n t j o i n s t h t f A s ha n g a n d fl o w s wi t h it ‘
. a o li -
i n t o t he B aran -w a t e r b e l o w M a n d r aw a r w h i c h is t he t h i r d t ann in
, ,
of t he L a m g h an at .
O f t he t w o ou l ii ks of L a m g han is t he N ii r a v ll e y Thi s
'
one - .
2
is pl a c e (y i r ) wi t ho u t a s e c o n d 3 it s fo rt is o n a
a b e a k ( ni nes /l ug)
o f r o c k in t h e m o u t h o f t he v a ll e y a n d h a s a t o rre n t o n e a c h ,
s id e it s r i c e is g ro w n o n s t e e p t e rr a c e s a n d it c a n b e t r a v e rs e d ,
by o n e ro a d o n ly 4 It h a s t he o ra n g e c it ro n a n d o t he r fru i t s o f
.
,
ho t c l i m a t e s in a b u n d a n c e a fe w d a t e s e v e n T r e e s c o v e r t he
,
.
b a n k s o f b o t h t he t o rre n t s b e l o w t he fo rt m a ny a re a nt /22k t he ,
fru i t o f w h i c h s o m e T u r k s c a ll q a r d - n 5 he re t he y a re
'
y z m i s ;
m a n y b u t n o n e h a v e b e e n s e e n e l s e w he re
,
T he v a ll e y g ro w s .
6
g ra p e s a l s o a l l t r a i n e d,o n t r e e s I t s wi n e s a r e t h o s e o f .
L a m g han t ha t h a v e r e p u t a t i o n T w o s o r t s o f g r a p e s a re g r o w n .
,
4
S ee M
a s s o n , iii, 1 9 7 a n d 2 8 9 B o t h in a shai a n d L a m ghan i , 1am m e a n s fo r t
. P .
2
S ee A en i pp d x F , O n t /z e n a m e D a r a -i -n fi r .
3
g /z a i r m u / a r r a r
e
b ll d
B a u r m a y a u e t o t h e r e m a rka e c ha n e m e n ha e wro u ht
. bl g v g
in t he a e v ll y b
- o t t o m (A en i pp d x F
, fo r C o l
’
. T
a n n e r s a c c o u n t o f t he v a e ) ll y .
4 f 1 54 .
5 di os
py r u s l ot u s , t h e E u r o e a n a t p
e - u m su
, o se d pl
t o b e o n e o f t he fru it s e a t e n pp d
by t he L o t o h a i p g It is u r e , ha s p pl bl ’
o o m a n d is o f t h e s iz e o f a p i e o n s e gg o r a g
W
.
c herr y .Se e
’
a t t s E con om i c P r odu c t s o I n di a
f B r a n is
’
F or es t T r ees , u st ra t io ns d I ll
a n d S e e d e s I n dia n H a n d -
’
p book .
6
A s in L o m a r , e rha s b dy p p
in L u h fi g u r in e s a re c i e in t o s t a n a r s in m o s t v l pp d d d
o t he r pl g
a c e s in A f h an is t an t h e a re ant e y pl d
in e e t r e n c he s a n d a o we t o ru n o e r d p ll d v
v g g
t he in t e r e n in r id es o r o e r w o o e n fra m e w o r v d k
I n t h e n a rro w K h i1lm - a e t h e v ll y y
Wd
.
a r e t ra in e up d
o p pl
a r s s o a s t o se c u re t h e m t h e m a im u m o f s u n S ee oo
’
x
s R ep or t .
VI p ll 1 75 a n d Mem s p p
’
B e e w s Af g /z an is t an
'
27
.
. 14 2 n o t e . . .
K AB U L
t he re a b o u t s , it is id t ha t w he n a w o m a n d i e s a n d ha s
co m m o n ly sa
b e e n l a id o n a bi e r s he if s he h a s n o t b e e n a n ill -d o e r g ive s t he
, , ,
b e a re rs s u c h a s ha k e w he n t he y li ft t he bi e r by it s fo u r s id e s ,
t ha t a g a i n s t t he i r w il l a n d h i n d ra n c e he r c o r p se fa ll s t o t he ,
g r o u n d ; b ut if s he h a s d o n e ill
,
n o m o v e m e n t o c c u rs T ,h i s .
w a s he a r d n o t o n ly fro m K ii n ari s b u t a g a i n a n d a g a i n in B aja u r , , ,
l 34 o
. S a w ad a n d t he w ho l e h ill -t ra c t H a id a r- a li B aja u r i a s u l t an .
‘
,
—
w ho g o v e r n e d B aja u r w e ll -w he n h is m o t he r d i e d d id n o t w e e p
, , ,
o r b e t a k e h i m s e l f t o l a m e n t a t i o n o r p u t o n bl a c k b u t s a id, Go ! , ,
” I
la y he r o n t he bi e r if s he m o v e n o t I will h a v e he r b u rn e d , .
T he y l a id he r o n t he bi e r ; t he d e s i re d m o ve m e n t fo ll o w e d ;
w he n he he a r d t ha t t h i s w a s s o he p u t o n bl a c k a n d b e t o o k ,
hi m s e l f t o l a m e n t a t i o n .
A n o t he r bu l iza is C ha g han -s a rai a s i n g l e vill a g e wi t h l i t tl e ,

2
l a n d in t he m o u t h o f K afi ris t an it s p e o pl e t ho u g h M u s a l m an
, , ,
m ix w i t h t he K afi rs a n d c o n s e q u e n t ly fo l l o w t he i r c u s t o m s 3
, ,
.
A g re a t t o rre n t ( t he K fi n ar ) c o m e s d o w n t o it fro m t he n o r t h
e a st fro m b e h i n d B aja u r a n d a s m a ll e r o n e c a ll e d P i c h
, , ,
c o m e s d o w n o u t o f K afi r is t an St ro n g y e ll o wi s h wi n e s a re b a d
.
t he re n t
,
o in a n y w a y r e s e m bl i n g t ho s e o f t he N a r -v a ll e y ,
ho w e v e r .T h e vill a g e h a s n o g ra p e s o r vi n e y a r d s o f it s o w n
it s w i n e s a re a ll b ro u g ht fro m u p t he K afi ris t an -w a t e r a n d fro m
P i c h -i kafi r is t an i
- .
T he P i c h K afi r s c a m e t o he lp t he vill a g e rs w he n I t o o k t he
pl ac e Wi n e is s o c o m m o n ly u s e d t he re t ha t e ve ry K afi r ha s
.
h is l e a t he r n w i n e -b a g ( lenig ) a t h is n e c k a n d d r i n k s wi n e i n s t e a d ,
o f w a te r 4 .
4
. . p
i e t rea t h e r c o r s e a s t ha t o f a n in fid l
e ( E r s in e ) k .
2
It w o u ld s u it t h e p
o s it io n o f t his v ll g
i a e if it s n a m e we re fo u n t o in t o t he d l k
T k v b
ur i er c/z a q m aq , t o g o o u t , b l
e ca u s e it ie s in t h e m o u t h o f a e e ( a han a h -i-k o h ,d fil D
M g
o u n t a in -m o u t h ) t h ro u h w hic h t h e r o a d
fo r K afi rist an o e s o u t_ a s t t he i a e g p v ll g .
A n o t -in fre q u e n t e xpl a n a t io n o f t h e n a m e t o m e a n W

hit e -h o u se , A q -sa rai , m a y we ll
b e q u e s t io n e d . C aag aan , wh it e , is M g l
u h a i a n d it w o u b e e ss ro a e fo r a ld l p b bl
Mu g hfi li t ha n fo r a u r i n a m e t o e st a ish it s e f A n o t he r e a n a t io n m a y lie in
T k bl l . xpl
b
t h e t ri e n a m e C g
h u an i . T h e t wo fo rm s c /z ag nan a n d c /z ag /z ar m a y we b e d u e t o
'
ll
l l g
t h e c o m m o n o ca in t e rc ha n e in s e e c h o f n w it h r p ( F o r a h a n a h . ko h s ee [
-i- s om e] D
p ’
m a s a n d R a v e r t y s B aja u r ro u t e s ) .
3 N i m c ha s
,
rpe s u m a l by
,
-h a f- rel b d in c u s t o m , e rha s in oo p an d n ot p bl d
p b bly
im ro a , v
c o n e rt e d K afi rs l
It is u se fu t o r e m e m e r t ha t K afi r is t an was o n c e
. b
b dd
o u n e , w e s t a n d s o u t h, by
W
t he B aran -wa t e r .
4 K afi r w in e is m o t
s ly p v
o o r , t h in a n d , e e n s o , u s u a i u t e w it h wa t e r lly d l
he n d .
kp e t t w o o r t hr e e y v
e a rs , h o we e r , it b l
e c o m e s c e a r a n d s o m e t im es s t ro n S ir S g . G . .
R b v
o e rt so n n e e r s a w a K afi r d k
run ( fi
K a r s of t he H i n d a -ku s a
,
p .
9 10 A H .
— J UNE I4 T H 15 04 TO JU NE 4 T H 15 05 A D .
K am a ,
a
g a ni,
t ho u g h n o t a se p a ra t e d i s t ri c t but d e pe n de n t on
N i n g n a h ar, is a so c al ll e d a bu l ak .
‘
F ol . 13 5 .
N ij r -a fi
2
is I t li e s n o rt h o f K ab u l in t he
a n o t he r zam an .
,
K o h i s t an w i t h m o u n t a i n s b e h i n d it i n ha bi t e d s o l e ly by K afi rs
,
it is a q u i t e s e q u e s t e re d pl a c e It g ro w s g ra p e s a n d fru i t s in .
a bu n d a n c e It s p e o pl e m a k e m u c h w i n e b u t t he y b o il it
.
,
.
T he y a t t e n m a n y fo w l s in w i n t e r a re w i n e bibb e rs do n o t p ra y
f -
, , ,
h a v e n o s c ru pl e s a n d a re K afi r -l ik e 3 .
In t he N ijr -a fi m o u n t a i n s is a n a b u n d a n c e o f a r cna jilg lni z a
fl
, ,
bi l ut a n d lena nja /e 4 T h e fi r s t n a m e d t h re e d o n o t g r o w a b o v e
.
—
N ig r -a fi b u t t he y g ro w l o w e r a n d a re a m o n g s t t he t re e s o f ,
H in d fi s t an j gi l ln i z a - w o o d is a ll t he l a m p t he p e o pl e h a ve ; it
.
b u r n s l ik e a c a n dl e a n d is ve ry re m a r k a bl e T he y in g s q u i rre l 5 - .
is fo u n d in t he s e m o u n t a i n s a n a n i m a l l a rg e r t ha n a b a t a n d ,
h a vi n g a c u rt a i n (p a r da ) l ik e a b a t s wi n g be t we e n it s a r m s a n d
’
, ,
l e g s P e o pl e o ft e n b ro u g ht o n e in it is s a id t o fly d o w n wa rd
.
,
6
fro m o n e t re e t o a n o t he r a s fa r a s a g ig fl i e s ; I m ys e l f ha ve ,
n e v e r s e e n o n e fly O n c e w e p u t o n e t o a t re e ; it c l a m b e re d
.
u
p di re c t ly a n d g o t a w a y b ut w h e n p e o pl e w e n t a ft e r it it , , ,
s p re a d it s w i n g s a n d c a m e d o w n w i t ho u t h u rt a s if it h a d fl o w n , ,
.
A n o t he r o f t he c u r i o s i t i e s o f t he N ijr-a ti m o u n t a i n s is t he n eed
'
( v a r l u j a )
. bi r d c a ll e d a l so o u - a la m ii n
q , ( c h a m e l e o n ) be c a u se ,
be t we e n he a d a n d t a il it ha s fo u r o r fi v e c ha n g i n g c o l o u rs , ,
r e s pl e n d e n t l ik e a pi g e o n s t h ro a t 7 It is a b o u t a s l a rg e a s t he
’
.
K am m ight h v l d b t t a d N i g ha f wh ic h it w s d p d cy
a e c a ss e e er un er n na r o a a e en en .
i 2
w t - f-N ij
. e . a er ot B d -i d T g- f
r N ij - fi h
so oo,v -v ll y a r a r an a a i . r a as se en a e s
(J A S E 1 8 3 8 p 2
3 9 d B R p
. t X ) anS yy id G h l a m -i m h m m d m
u rn e s
’
ti e or . a u - u a a en ons
t h t B ab t bl i h d f t i -p t b tw N ij - f d K afi i t a wh i h i hi
v y fW
a ur es a s e a ro n er os e een r a i an r s n c n s
o w d y w n t ill m i t i
a as s d H w a n a ne H ti g t T im f Shah
. e as a n e n o o a r re n as n s o ir
S d i (R
a oz N t p 36 d p.
’
s o es . an .
K afi w /
3 th y w r K afi
as z c v t d t M h mm d i m
e e re rs on er e o u a a an s .
A /
4 if t i
r c 1a , l i m i g if m y p no nc us v e, tj ip l
ea n n thi b i g co n e r, a re re se n un e r u s ex ce s a , s e n
fl
th mm
e co l l ifon Th th
o ca t co nf t h li t erpi . G di (B
e o di er re e s o e s a re n us er a r ana ra n s,
p .
g o i l ut t h h
u er c u sl m - k dp i t i m t i
,
lfi j h t
e o yi ld i g m t i
oa , an s ac a u ca o r e an a a re e e n as c .
uo -i -
5
p
r w a a
p t m y ari t n t
, h l g d fl
er o y i g -
q i s l ( Bl df d
n or n a us, e ar e, re n s u rr e an or
’
s
f B i t / I di M m m li p
'
F a u na o r ts z n a, a a a, .
6
T h gi i h t - igh t
e z w s a s d f h t i g m ll b i d t
or D
a rr o di g u se or s oo n s a r s e c . e sc e n n
fl ight f q i l h v bs o s u rr e s t i d 60 y d a e c d f 8 0 ( Bl d f d )
een a sc e r a n e as ar s , o n e , a re or ,
o an or .
A pp
7 t ly t t g ll a re n l im l y ie ro th H im l y a us w- k ( Bl df d i
z a a en s s , e a a an sn o co c an or , v,
B ( C b l p
u rn e s1 6 3) d ib a t h kooa g
-i -d .t h i f t h K ab l
es c r es e a ari
'
as e rara au s o e u
K hi t ao s m wh t l n, th
so t e k y d f t h fi ié ( p t id g ) p i
a e ss an a It w ur e ,
an o e c or ar r e s ec es . as
p d f him fi t i G h a -b d b t wh
r o c u re or rs w h n f ll ; it ld b h d
r un , u , en sn o as a en co u e a
n ea r e rKab l Bab ou-g l m u m y h v

u . ur s m
’
i t hi v b l y it h
a a n a a e co e n o s o ca u ar , e er as
a su r viv l d i t f m G k a re c p ti ro f K ab l d P j -ab re e th occugh A bic a on o u an an , or ro u ra
w it i g P R G S 1 8 79 p 2 5 1 K y d J A S B 1 8 38 p 86 3 H dg
’ ’
r n s . t .
, s t a e s ar . an .
, o so n ar .
K AB U L
fl
ka og -i -da r i and se e m s to b e t he aa ég i da r i — - of H in d fi s t an .
I
P e o pl e t e ll t hi s b o u t it — W he n t he bi rd s a t
w o n d e r fu l t h i n g a ,
. 13 56
. t he o n s e t o f w i n t e
- r de s c e n d t o t h e h ill ki rt s if t he y c o m e o v e r
-s
, ,
a vi n e y a r d t he y c a n y n o fu r t he r a n d a re t a k e n T he re is 2
.
,
a ki n d o f r a t in N i jr -a fi k n o w n a s t h e m u s k -r a t w h i c h s m e ll s o f
, ,
m usk I ho w e ve r h v a e n e v e r s e e n it 3 .
P a n j hi r ( P a n j -s he r ) is a n o t he r t am an ; it li e s c l o s e t o K afi ris t an ,
a l o n g t he Pa n j hi r r o a d a n d is t he t ho ro u g hfa r e o f K afi r h i g hw a y
,
m e n w ho a l s o b e i n g s o n e a r t a k e t a x o f it
,
T he y h a v e g o n e ,
.
t h ro u g h it killi n g a m a s s o f p e rs o n s a n d d o i n g v e ry e vil d e e d s
, , ,
s i n c e I c a m e t h i s l a s t t i m e a n d c o n q u e r e d H in d fi s t an ( 9 3 2 A H .
1526
A n o t he r is t he t am an b d In t ho s e c o u n t r i e s t he y of t i r- u n .
c a ll a nat a l ( I con P) a bu n d 5 t he y g o t o w a r d s G h ar by t h i s p a s s
( a u t o ! ) a pp a re n t ly it is fo r t h i s r e a s o n t ha t t he y h a v e c a ll e d ( t he
6
) b d H z ld d v ll y
"
t zZm a G h 11 r - u n T h e a ar a h o t h e h e a s.o f it s a e s .
It ha s fe w vill a g e s a n d li t t l e re v e n u e c a n b e r a i s e d fr o m it T he re .
a re s a id t o b e m i n e s o f s ilv e r a n d l a pi s l a z u li in it s m o u n t a i n s .
A g a i n t he re a re t he vill a g e s o n t he s ki rt s o f t he ( H i n d a-k u s h )
,
m o u n t a i n s 7 wi t h M i t a -k a c ha a n d P a rw an a t t he i r he a d a n d
, ,
1
v ll
B a r t a e e s Gr eek-p a r t r i dg e, t et r a o o r p er dr ix -r uf u s [
’
f 2 79 a n d em s 3 02 . M . p .
2
l
A sim i a r s t o r is t o fi ld
o f so m ey W by
e ld
s n ear Th it ld g h e s e wi e e s e , wh ic h
in w in t e r fly l k v fl k p
in g r e a t o c s t o t he a es a n d r i e rs u n fro z e n in t h e s o u t he rn a r t s , t o
t he g v y
reat am a z em en t of e er - ll dd ly d
o n e , fa su p
en g d
o w n u o n t he yro u n w h e n t he
a re in flg v g b g fi ld
i h t o e r c e r t a in n e i h o u r in b
e l I
s t h e re a o u t s ; ld
a r e a t io n sho u not
v d I vd v l d bl Se e N ot es t o Ma r m ion
”
ha e m a e , if ha d n o t r e c e i e it fr o m s e e ra c re i e m e n .
p xlv
. k ’
l k
i ( E r s in e ) ; Sc o t t s P oe m s , B a c s e d 18 8 0 , v ii, 10 4
’
. .
3 Ar e w e t o in fe r fr o m k C
t h is t h a t t h e m u s -r a t ( r oc idu r a ca r u lea , L yde kk e r ,
p . b b
6 2 6 ) w a s n o t so c o m m o n in H in dfi s t an in t h e a g e o f Ba u r a s it ha s n o w e c o m e P
l b v k
H e wa s n o t a c a re e s s o s e r e r ( E rs in e ) .
4I dx n e s n . d
. p l
B abu r -n am a , a t e o f c o m o s it io n a so f 1 3 1 . .
b x pl
5 In t h e a se n c e o f e a m p
e s o f bu n d t o m e a n nat a l , a n d t h e r e se n c e in t ho s e
c o u n t rie s y
o f m an l k g l l
in whic h bu n d m e a n s aolz , it o o s a s t ho u h a c e r ica e rr o r ha d
h e re wr it t e n t um! fo r b olt d d g x p g
B u t o n t h e o t he r h a n , t h e w o r in o f t h e n e t
. a ssa e
sh o ws j v dd
u s t t h e c o n fu s io n a n a u t h o r s u n r e ise
’
g pl
ra ft m i h t s h e w if a a c e w e re , a s
b
t h is is , o t h a t u m an a n d a A dy
ni t a ! ( i e a s t ea v My p
r is e t o a t ra e rse ) . .im re s s io n .
b d ppl
is t ha t t he n a m e G h fi r - u n a b k g p d v ll y
ie s t o t h e e m a n in s u r a t t he h ea o f t he a e
d l d
t am an , a c ro ss w h ic h r o a s e a RG
t o G hii ri a n d G h ii r ( FM p S 18 79 , a s ; L e e ch s
’ '
d W d VI )
’
R p t V II
e or an oo
’
s .
6
S t o wh oo b f th m Len , h d L d t
e ca us e o d b k i f ta e , e ec an or u rn e ac , re n ec .
It w ill b
7 ti d th t th e no vill g ce t l d i y t um a t h y i l d
a e se a es a re n o c a ss e n an n e nc u e
pl aces i h w it h t p
r c ll l i g i l t l p d tou a ra d l v l l d
e
”
w hi h
n a r cu u ra ro u c s, an e e an s on c
t w
o h v
ns ia d f ll
e r sen a n b i g Al x d i d C a en,m Th y
o ne t h v e n e an r a a a u ca s u . e ca n n o a e
b p t f th
ee n ar o m t iv G h a -b
e u n re d t am a f m t h i pl
u n e ra f m ti
e i r un n ro e r ace o en on n
Bab l i t f t u a t h y m y h v b p t f t h K ab l t um a (f
ur s
’
s o rn ns, e a w a e een ar o e u
‘
n . as as
K h -d am C o l p H gh t p 73 d C i gh m
’
(B
’ ’
o an
54u r n es C/ a il oo . 1 au on s za r ea r . an unn n a s
A n c ien t H is t ory , i,
K AB U L
w he re a s t he 13 y ig nd cn b e t w e e n A d i n a p fi r an d K ab u l c an n e ve r
be d o n e in o n e d a y b e c a u s e o f t he d i ffi c u l t i e s o f t he ro a d
, .
G ha z n i ha s li t t l e c u l t iv a t e d l a n d It s t o rre n t a fo u r-m ill o r .

,
fi v e m ill s t r e a m m a y b e m a k e s t he t o w n h a bi t a bl e a n d fe r t ili z e s
- -
,
fo u r o r fi v e vill a g e s ; t h r e e o r fo u r o t he r s a re c u l t iv a t e d fro m
d
un er gr - o u n d w a t e r -c o u rs e s G h a z n i g r a p e s a re b e t t e r
t h a n t ho s e o f K ab u l it s m e l o n s a re m o re a b u n d a n t it s a ppl e s
a r e v e ry g o o d a n d a r e c a r r i e d t o H in d fi s t an
,
A g r i c u l t u re is .
v e ry l a b o r i o u s in G ha z n i b e c a u s e w ha t e ve r t he q u a li t y o f t he s o il , ,
it m u s t b e n e w ly t o p d r e s s e d e v e ry y e a r it g iv e s a b e t t e r re t u r n
-
,
h o we v e r t h a n K ab u l
,
G ha z n i g ro w s m a dd e r t he e n t i re c r0 p
.
o e s t o H in d fi s t an a n d yi e ld s e x c e ll e n t p ro fi t t o t he g ro w e r s
g .
In t he o p e n -c o u n t r y o f G h a z n i d w e ll H a z ara a n d A fg han s .
C o m p a re d w i t h K ab u l it is a lw a y s a c he a p pl a c e It s p e o pl e
, .
ho ld t o t he H a n a fi fa i t h a re g o o d o r t ho d o x Mu s a lm an s m a n y , , ,
k e e p a t hre e m o n t hs fa s t a n d t he i r w ive s a n d c h ild re n l iv e

’
,
I
m o d e s t ly s e c l u d e d .
O n e o f t he e m i n e n t m e n o f G h a z n i w a s M u ll a A bd u r -ra h m an
‘ ’
a l e a rn e d m a n a n d a l w a y s a l e a rn e r ( da r s ) a m o s t o rt ho d o x , ,
pi o u s a n d vi rt u o u s p e rs o n ; he l e ft t h i s w o rld t he s a m e y e a r a s
N as i r M i r z a ( 9 2 1 A H - 1 5 1 5 S l Ma h m ii d s t o m b is in t he
‘
’
. .
s u b u r b c a ll e d R a u z a fr o m w h i c h t he b e s t g ra p e s c o m e ; t he re a l s o
2
,
a r e t he t o m b s o f h is d e s c e n d a n t s S l M a s ad a n d S l I b r ahi m
‘
. . .
,
G ha z n i ha s m a n y bl e s s e d t o m b s T he y e a r 3 I t o o k K ab u l a n d .
G ha z n i o v e r-r a n K o h at t he pl a i n o f B a n n ii a n d l a n d s o f t he
, ,
A fg h an s a n d w e n t o n t o G ha z n i by w a y o f D ak i ( D ag i ) a n d
,
Ab is t ada p e o pl e t o ld m e t he re w a s a t o m b in a vill a g e o f
-
, ,
G ha z n i w h i c h m o ve d w he n a b e n e di c t i o n o n t he P r o p he t w a s
W
,
p ro n o u n c e d o v e r it e w e n t t o s e e it
. In t he e n d I d i s c o v e re d .
t h a t t he m o v e m e n t w a s a t r i c k p re s u m a bly o f t he s e rv a n t s a t ,
t he t o m b w ho h a d p u t a s o r t o f pl a t fo r m a b ov e it w h i c h m o v e d
‘
w he n p u she d s o t h a t t o t ho s e o n it t he t o m b s e e m e d t o m o ve
, , , ,
j u s t a s t he s ho re d o e s t o t ho s e p a s s i n g in a b o a t I o rd e re d t he .
I
So m e Mu sa lm an sfa s t t h r o u h t he m o n t hs o f a a , g
Sha an a n d a m z an ; Rj b ‘
b R
M d
u h a m m a a n s fa s t o n ly by g
da y t h e n i h t is o ft e n iv e n t o fe a s t in ( E r s in e ) g g k .
T he a r e n ; t h e t o m s o f m o r e e m in e n t Mu s a lm an s a re
G d b in a r e ns g lly g d
2
e n e ra
k
( E rs in e ) . Se e
’
Vg ll
i n e s i u s t ra t io n s , 13 3 , 2 6 6 pp . .
3 i e t he
. . y
e a r n o w in w r it in g
T he a c c o u n t o f t he e
’
e it io n , B ab u r s
. rs t in t o xp d fi
bg
H in d fi s t an , e in s o n f 14 5 . .
9 10 A H .
— J U NE I 4 T H 15 04 TO JU NE 4 T H 15 05 A D .
s c a ffo ld d e s t ro y e d a n d a d o m e b u il t o ve r t he t o m b a l s o I fo rb a d
t he s e r v a n t s wi t h t h re a t s e v e r t o b r i n g a b o u t t he m o v e m e n t a g a i n
, ,
.
G h a z n i is a v e ry hu m bl e pl a c e s t ra n g e i n d e e d it is t ha t ru l e rs
in w h o s e ha n d s w e r e H in d fi s t an a n d K h u ras an at s ho u ld h a v e I
,
c h o s e n it fo r t he i r c a pi t a l In t he S u l t an s ( Ma h m fi d s ) t i m e
’ ’
.
t he re m a y h a v e b e e n t h re e o r fo u r d a m s in t he c o u n t ry ; o n e he
m a d e s o m e t hre e y iglz ac/i ( 1 8 m P) u p t he G h a z n i -w a t e r t o t he
'
.
,
n o rt h it w a s a b o u t 4 0 — 50 qd r i ( y a r d s ) h i g h a n d s o m e 30 0 l o n g
t hro u g h it t he s t o re d w a t e rs w e re le t o u t a s re q u i re d It w a s 2
.
d e s t ro y e d by A lau u d -di n f a nan -s oz G nur z w he n he c o n q u e re d

‘ ’ ’ ‘
t he c o u n t ry ( 5 5 0 A H -1 1 5 2 b u rn e d a n d ru i n e d t he t o m b s
.
o f s e v e r a l d e s c e n d a n t s o f S l M a h m ad s a c k e d a n d b u r n e d t he .
,
t o w n in s ho r t l e ft u n d o n e n o ti t t l e o f m u r d e r a n d ra pi n e S i n c e
, ,
.
t h a t t i m e t he S u l t an s d a m ha s l a i n in r u i n s b u t t hro u g h G o d s
’ ’
, , ,
fa v o u r t he re is h o p e t ha t it m a y be c o m e o f u s e a g a i n by m e a n s
, ,
o f t he m o n e y w h i c h w a s s e n t in K hw aj a K a l an s h a n d in t he y e a r
’
, ,
H in d fi s t an w a s c o n q u e re d ( 9 3 2 A IL -1 5 2 6 T he S a k h a n
d m i t h 2 3 y ig n i n ( 12 1 8 m —b t h t —
‘
a s a n o e r o r c a e o n e e a s
c , y ,
o f t he t o w n ; it h a s l o n g be e n in r u i n s i n d e e d is p a s t re p a i r , .
T he re is a da m in w o rk i n g o rd e r a t S a r -i-d ih ( Vill a g e -he a d ) .
In b o o k s it is w r i t t e n t ha t t he re is in G ha z n i a s p r i n g s u c h
t ha t if di rt a n d fo u l m a t t e r b e t hro w n i n t o it a t e m p e s t g e t s u p
, ,
’
i n s t a n t ly w i t h a b liz z a rd o f ra i n a n d w i n d It ha s be e n s e e n s a id
, .
a l s o in o n e o f t he h i s t o r i e s t ha t S a b u k -t i g i n w h e n b e s i e g e d by ,
t h e R ai ( J ai -p al) o f H i n d o r d e re d d i r t a n d fo u l n e s s t o b e t hro w n ,
i n t o t he s p r i n g by t hi s a ro u s e d in a n i n s t a n t a t e m p e s t wi t h
, , ,
bl i z z a rd o f r a i n a n d s n o w a n d by t h i s d e vi c e d ro v e o ff h is fo e 4 , , , .
T ho u g h we m a d e m a n y e n q u i r i e s n o i n t i m a t i o n o f t he s p ri n g s ,
’
e xi s t e n c e w a s g iv e n u s .
In t he s e c o u n t r i e s G ha z n i a n d K hw ariz m a re n o t e d fo r c o ld ,
'
in t he s a m e w a y t h a t S u l t an i a a n d T a b ri z a re in t he t wo I raq s
‘
a n d A z a rb aij an .
i e t h e c o u n t ries r o u a e a s
. . g
hu rasan p bl K .
9
p
F o r ic t u r e a n d a c c o u n t o f t h e da m , s ee i n e , 13 8, 2 0 2 Vg pp . .
3 2 9 56 .
4 T he e en l g d
is t o ld
in n u m e ro u s o o s w it h a r in g o ca t io n o f t h e s rin g b k On e v y l p .
k y
n arra t o r , Za a ri a Qa z w i n i , r e e r se s t h e
'
a r ts , m a in
’
J ai v
- al e m
p o t h e r u se ; p k g pl y
he n ce L e ’
yd
en s not e ( em s 150 M ’
. p
E a n d D s H is t ory of I n di a ii, 2 0 , 1 8 2 a n d
. . .
’
l
iv , 16 2 ; fo r h is t o r ica in fo rm a t io n , R s N ot es T he a t e o f t h e e e n t s is
. p . d v
s ho rtly a ft e r 3 7 8 A H - 9 88 A D . .
K AB U L
na n so u th of K ab u l
'
Zu rm u t is a n o t he r t ii m an , so m e 1 2 — 13 y ig cr
dar og ha he a d -q u a r t e rs
’
and 7 8 — so u t h e a st o f
- G ha z n i .
I
It s s a re
in G i r di z t hre e o r fo u r s t o re y s h i g h I t
t h e re m o s t ho u se s a re .
d o e s n o t w a n t fo r s t re n g t h a n d g a v e N as i r M i rz a t ro u bl e w he n ,
it w e n t i n t o ho s t il i t y t o h im It p
s e o pl e a re A fi g h an - s h al t he y .
ro w c o rn b u t h a v e n e it he r vi n e y a r d s n o r o r c h a r d s T h e tomb
g .
o f S ha ik h M u h a m m a d Mu s a l m an is a t a s p r i n g h i g h o n t he ,
s ki rt o f a m o u n t a i n k n o w n a s Ba ra kis t an in t he s o u t h o f t he
, ,
t ann i n .
F a r m fi l is a n o t he r t um an ,
2
a hu m bl e pl a c e , g r o w n g i not b ad
appl e s w h i c h a re c a rr i e d i n t o H in d fi s t an O f F a r m fi l w e re t he .
S ha ik h-z ada s de s c e n da n t s o f S ha ik h M u h a m m a d Mu s a lm dn who

, ,
w e re s o m u c h in fa v o u r d u r i n g t he A fg han p e r i o d in H in dfi s t an .
B a n g a s h is a n o t he r t iZm an 3 A ll ro u n d a b o u t it a re A fg h an .
h i g hw a y m e n s u c h a s t he K hfi gi an i K h ir ilc hi T an a n d L a n d a r
, , , .
yi
L ng o u t - o f-t h e - w a y a s it d o e s it s p e o pl e do n o t p a y t a x e s
, ,
willi n g ly Th e re ha s b e e n n o ti m e t o b ri n g it t o o b e d i e n c e ;
.
g r e a t e r t a s k s h a v e fa l l e n t o m e — t he c o n q u e s t s o f Q a n d a h ar
, ,
B a lk h B a d a k hs h an a n d H in d fi s t an ! B u t G o d willi n g ! w he n
, ,
I g e t t he c ha n c e I m o s t a s s u re dly will t a ke o rd e r with th o s e

,
B a n g a s h t hi e ve s .
O ne o f t he bu luas o f K ab u l is Ala-s ai 4 4 t o 6 m il e s ,
( 3 l )
‘
N -a ii fro m
t f ij T h di t d i t it
‘ ‘
—
2 s z a r z e a s o r e r e c ro a n o .
N 1jr -a fi l e a d s a t a pl a c e c a ll e d K ara t h ro u g h t he q u i t e s m a ll
, ,
p a s s w h i c h in t h a t l o c a l i t y s e p a ra t e s t he ho t a n d c o ld c li m a t e s .
T hro u gh t hi s p a ss t he bi rd s m i g ra t e a t t he c h a n g e o f t he s e a s o n s ,
a n d a t t ho s e ti m e s m a n y a re t a k e n by t he p e o pl e o f Pi c h han
g ,
o n e o f t he d e p e n d e n c i e s o f N i r -a ti in t he fo ll o wi n
j
'
g m a n n e r ,
F ro m di s t a n ce t o di s t a n c e n e a r t he m o u t h o f t he p a s s t he y m a k e ,
hidi g pl
n - a c e s fo r t he b i d c a t c he rs T he y fa s t e n o n e c o rn e r o f
r - .
a n e t fi v e o r s ix y a rd s a w a y a n d w e i ght t he l o we r s id e t o t he , ,
’
R s N ot es s n Zu rm u t
. . . .
2
g
T he q u e s t io n o f t h e o r i in o f t h e F a r m fi li ha s een wr it t e n o f s e e ra wr it e rs b by v l
p p
e rha s t he w e re y
ur s of e rs ia , T k
ur s an d ai s P T k Tjk .
3
T pl
his c o m e t es t h e is t o f t h e 1 4 t um ou s o f l ‘
a u , v iz N i n gn a har, A li -sha n ,
‘
K b l . g
A la ng ar , a n rawa r , M d i mar - K
wit h -N ar -ga l , N ijr -a fi , Pa njhi r , G hi i r - u n , K o h - am a n
’
b d d
W
( 1t h K
o his t an P ) , L uh i i g ur ( o f t he
‘
a u t um an ) , K b l
ha z ni , Zu rm u t , F a rm fi l an d G
Ba n a shg .
4 Be t we e n
N ljr -a fi a n d T ag -a fi ( a ss o n , iii, Mr E rs in e n o t es t ha t Ba u r
M . k b
re cko n e d l
i t 111 t he ho t c im a t e b u t t ha t t h e c han e o f c im a t e t a e s a c e fu rt h e r e a s t , g l k pl
bet we en A li -
‘
s ha n g
a n d A fi z b i n ( i e t he a e n e t e a s t wa r s fr o m T a -
. .
g afi ) v ll y x d .
K AB U L
up in t u ft s ( t am,
bat a) .
I
T he a lp s of t he s e m o u n t a i n s a re lik e
of H i s ar S a m a r k a n d a n d Mu g h ii li
K hu t lan F a rg han a ,
‘
t ho s e , ,
s t an — a ll t he s e b e i n g a l ik e in m o u n t a i n a n d a lp
,
th o u g h t he ,
a lp s o f F a rg h an a a n d Mu g h fi lis t an a re b e y o n d c o m p a r i s o n wi t h
t he re s t .
F ro m a ll t he s e t he m o u n t a i n s o f N ijr-a t i t he L a m g han at a n d
’
S a wad d i ffe r in h a vi n g m a s s e s o f c yp r e s s e s h o l o a k o l ive a n d

m -
,
2
,
m a s t i c ( klz a nja k) t he i r g ra s s a l s o is di ffe re n t it is d e n s e it is ,

—
,
t a ll it is g o o d n e i t he r fo r ho r s e n o r s he e p
,
A l t ho u g h t he s e .
m o u n t a i n s a re n o t s o h i g h a s t h o s e a l re a dy d e s c r ib e d i n d e e d ,
t he y l o o k t o b e lo w n o n e -t he l e s s t he y a re s t ro n g ho ld s ,
wh a t —
,
t o t he e y e is e v e n s l o p e r e a lly is h a r d r o c k o n w h i c h it is
,
i m p o s s ibl e t o r id e M a n y o f t he b e a s t s a n d bi rd s o f H in d fi s t an
.
F ol
. 14 1 .
a re fo u n d a m o n g s t t he m s u c h a s t he p a rr o t m i n a p e a c o c k a n d , , ,
l uja ( n ew ) t h e a p e n i l -
g
,
a u a n d h o g
-d e e r ( leiZ
,
t a p );
- a i 3 so m e
fo u n d t he re a re n o t fo u n d e v e n in H i n d us t an .
T he m o u n t a i n s t o t he w e s t o f K ab u l a re a l s o a ll o f o n e s o r t ,
t ho s e o f t he Z i n d an —v a ll e y t he S af-v a ll e y G a r z a w an a n d G ha r
fl
, ,
j is t an ( G h a rc h a s t an ) 4 T he i r m e a d o w s a re m o s t ly in t he d a l e s
.
t he y h a v e n o t t he s a m e s w e e p o f g r a s s o n s l o p e a n d t o p a s s o m e
o f t ho s e d e s c r ib e d h a v e ; n o r h a v e t he y m a s s e s o f t r e e s ; t he y
ha ve h o w e v e r g ra s s s u i t i n g ho rs e s
, , O n th e i r a t t o p s w he re .
,
a ll t he c ro p s a re w t he re is g ro u n d w he re a h o rs e c a n g a ll o p
g r o n , .
T he y h a v e m a s s e s o f T he i r v a ll e y -b o t t o m s a re s t ro n g
ho ld s m o s t ly p re c ipi t o u s a n d i n a c c e s s ibl e fro m a b o v e
, It is .
r e m a r k a bl e t h a t w he re a s o t he r m o u n t a i n s h a v e th e i r fa s t n e s se s
,
in t he i r h i g h pl a c e s t he s e ha v e t he i r s b e l o w , .
O f o n e s o r t a g a i n a r e t h e m o u n t a i n s o f G h fi r K a rn fi d ( v a r , .
K u z ad ) a n d H a z ara ; t he i r m e a d o w s a re in t he i r d a l e s ; t he i r
t re e s a re fe w n o t e ve n t he a r c/2a b e i n 6
, g t h e re ; t he i r g ra s s is fit
’
Bab u r s s ta t e m e n t a o u t t his fo b
e r is n o t e a s t o t ra n s a t e dd
h e m u st ha e s e e n y l v
g ra ss g
ro w in t u ft s , a n d m u s t ha e n o wn t h e e rs ia n wo r v k
bii t a ( u sh ) e rh a s P d b . P p
an s h o u ld
b e r e a t o m ea n d pl ’
s boot r fi t in , a sm a g W ld W d ll
W d R p VI p
ant, not ra s s ou oo .
fu rz e u s hb ,
er v y pl
e n t ifu n e a r B am i an ? ( oo
’
s l e o rt ,
23 a n d fo r re io n a . g l
gras s e s , A 1t c his o n s B ot a n
’
y of t /ze Af g lz an D e li m i t a t ion C om m iss i on , p .
za z fi
‘
p p
e rha s c u r ess u s t o r u los a ( Bra n is
p d p
; é
, .
3 27
A g g phi l
l b a o r io u s eo ra ca note o f Mr . k
E rs in e
’
s is h e r e re g et f lly l
r u e ft b e h in d as
s (M m
,
no w nee dl p e s e s . .
5 H
6
e m i ly w l d - h
i
er , p a n s ee and wi ld -g oats , in c l di g m a
u n r -s ar .
P h ps erc m fe a p , no o rs e r ha p s no ne of t ho s e of the c o n t ra s t e d hill -t ra c t .

9 10 A H .
— JUNE I 4 T H 15 04 T O JUNE 4m 15 05 A D .
fo r ho r s e s and k e e p T he y di ffe r
fo r t he m a s s e s o f s he e p t he y .
fro m t ho se l a s t d e s c r ib e d in t h i s t he i r s t ro n g pl a c e s a re n o t b e l o w ,
.
T he m o u n t a i n s ( s o u t h-e a s t o f K ab u l ) o f K hw aj a I s m a i l D a s ht
‘
, ,
a n d A fg h an i s t an a re a ll a l ik e ; a ll lo w s c a n t o f ,
v e g e t t i o s ho r t o f w a t e r t re e l e s s u g ly a n d g o o d
a n ,
- fo r -n o t hi n g , ,
.
T he i r p e o pl e t a k e a ft e r t he m j u s t a s h a s b e e n s a id T i ng oatm e , ,
g n zc n a t as n (i ii /m as L ik e ly e n o u g h t he w o r ld h a s fe w m o u n .
2
t a i n s s o u s e l e s s a n d d i sg u s t i n g .
( u F i r e -w ood
.
f K abu l ) o .
T he s n o w -fa l l b e i n g s o he a vy in K ab u l it is fo r t u n a t e t ha t ,
e x c e ll e n t fi r e -w o o d is b a d n e a r by G ive n o n e d ay t o fe t c h it .
,
w o o d c a n b e ha d o f t he kna nja k ( m a s t i c ) biliZt ( ho l m -o a k) , ,
bd dci m cna ( s m a ll -a l m o n d ) a n d ga r ga n d 3 O f t he s e K i li a n a a w o o d
j .
is t he be s t it b u r n s wi t h fl a m e a n d n i c e s m e ll m a k e s pl e n t y o f ,
ho t a s he s a n d d o e s w e ll e v e n if s a ppy H o l m -o a k is a l s o fi rs t .
r a t e fi re -w o o d bl a zi n g l e s s t ha n m a s t i c b u t lik e it m a ki n g
, , ,
a h o t fi re w i t h pl e n t y o f h o t a s he s a n d n i c e s m e ll I t ha s t he , .
p e c u li a r i t y in b u r n i n g t ha t w he n it s l e a fy b ra n c he s a re s e t a li g ht ,
t he y fi re u p w i t h a m a zi n g s o u n d bl a z i n g a n d c ra c kli n g fro m ,
b o tt o m t o t o p I t is g o o d fu n t o b u r n i t T he w o o d o f t he
. .
s m a ll -a l m o n d is t he m o s t pl e n t i fu l a n d c o m m o n ly -u s e d b u t i t ,
d o e s n o t m a k e a l a s ti n g fi re T he ga r ga n d is q u it e a lo w s hru b .
,
t ho rn y a n d b u rn i n g s a ppy o r d ry it is t he fu e l o f t he G ha z n i
,
fl
p e o pl e .
(i .
f K abu l )
F auna o .
T he c u ltiv a t e d l a n d s o f K ab u l lie be t w e e n m o u n t a i n s w h i c h
a re lik e g re a t d a m s 4 t o t he a t v a ll e y b o t t o m s in w h i c h m o s t
-
vill a g e s a n d p e o pl e d pl a c e s a re O n t he s e m o u n t a i n s kiy ik a n d
‘
Whil h e e re das /z t (pl a in ) r epr es e n ts t he e as t e rn sk irt o f t he M ehta r S u l a im an

ra n g d at e
e, dag? or
“
( d es e rt ) s e e m s t o s ta n d fo r t he h ill t ra c t s o n t he west o f it a n d ,
not, as o n f 1 5 2 , fo r t h e
“
a c e t h e re s p e c i e
. pl fid .
2
M em s 15 2 , A na r ro w
. p .a c e is a r e t o t h e pl l g n a rr o w -m in de d Mi m i 3 1 1 s. , ,
C e qui n e st
’
p as t ro pl g ar e, n e r e st e p s vid
a e .
”
L it e ra ,lly S l g
o h ight s
on as e a re
n o t eq u a l , t he r e is n o v is -a-vis ,
”
o r, if t ang b e r ea d
fo r t i ng , N d w
o n oo a n, no n,
”
i . e . n o e ff e c t w ith o u t a ca use .
3 I ha v e n o t i ht e lg do n th is nam e in b o t a n ica lb koo s or e xpl a in e d by d ic t i o n a r e s.i

P e rha p s it is a C is -o x a n ia n n am e fo r t he s ax -ao l o f T ra n s o x a n ia A s it s . u se s a r e
e n u m e ra t e d by so m e t ra v ll
e e rs , it m ig ht b e H a lox y lon a m m ode n dr on , t a -g na z et c . a nd
sax -
ao l ( A it c h iso n ,
p . 10 2 )
4 f. 13 56 n o t e t o G hfi r - u n b d .
K AB U L
on: A c ro s s t he m , be t we e n it s su m m e r and wi n t e r
I
a re s c a rc e .
q u a r t e rs t he d u n s he e p t he a r gd rg /z a l c/z a h a ve t he i r
, ,
2
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,
.
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-
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t he re a re n o wh i t e kiy ik a t a ll ; G ha z n i h a s bo t h a n d in fe w
o t he r pl ac e s a re w h it e kiy ik fo u n d in s u c h g o o d c o n di t i o n 5 .
In t he h ea t s t he fo wli n g -g ro u n d s o f K ab u l a re c ro w d e d T he .
bi rd s t a k e t he i r w ay a l o n g t he B aran —w a t e r F o r why ? I t is .
(
b e c a u s e t he r ive r ha s m o u n t a i n s a l o n g it e a s t a n d w e s t a n d a , ,
re a t H i n d a k u s h p a s s in a li n e wi t h it by w h i c h t h e bi r d s m u s t
-
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6
c ro s s s i n c e t he re is n o o t he r n e a r T h e y c a n n o t c r o s s w h e n t he .
n o rt h w i n d bl o w s o r if t he re is e v e n a li t t l e c l o u d o n H i n d a-k u s h
,
a t s u c h ti m e s t he y a l i h t o n t he l e v e l l a n d s o f t he B ar an - w t
g a e r
a n d a re t a k e n in re a t n u m b e r s by t he l o c a l p e o pl e T w d s t he
g o a r .
e n d o f wi n t e r d e n s e fl o c k s o f m a ll a r d s , r e a c h t he b a n k s
o f t he B ar an in v e ry d di t i F ll w t h t h nes a nd
g o o c o n o n o o e s e e c ra .
he ro n s 7 g re a t bi rd s in l a rg e fl o c k s a n d c o u n tl e s s n u m be rs
, , .
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)
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t he d m a s se s of and l 8
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, ee an eer ( ain t ) we re
'
not l o ca l i ed
z , b ut
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un s ee gh A t l p (d i ? ) w ra ro u . n e o e n a s s ca r c e in E lp h in s t o n e s t im e
’
.
l aiy ia wh i h t k w it h it s l t t iv ll
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p f W dsj
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'
gz z z c , a en a e rn a e na e, g
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oo
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t r u e t o s c r ib e s a n d t ra n s a t o rs A l
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o q . i
n z az la m I xpl d
.
1n o n e o r o t h e r o f it s fo rm s fi n d it e a in e as eg -lz ii t e r , F a irne n ut e r ,
Za /i l -m ei s t e r , Sc nlu cat , G a /z r l ic ner -w e a n d S c fi m a le r -w e
d It r e c u r s in t h e B N
l g g
W
. . .
on f 19 76
.
5 and l
6 a n d t h e r e m i h t m e a n e it h e r a n a rro w r o a
. .
or a eg - g
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If 1t s u r i r o o t b e t us , t he a c t o f s t o in , a l l t h e a o e m e a n in s c a n fo o w , b u t pp g bv g ll
t he r e m a y b e t wo se a ra t e r o o t s , t h e s e c o n
,
p
t it s /z , t h e a c t o f e sc en t ( A S 19 00 d d JR
p .13 7, H B e v e ridg e s a rt On t /z e w or d n i /z ila m )
’
.
.
.
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g as /115 73, lp
E h in s t o n e w rit e s ( i, 1 9 1 ) o f t he e c e e n t
,
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ha wkm g i r s o f t he re io n h e re t h e ir m a b e t he c /z a r aa w hic h w o r s w it h t h e
y ,
b d k
d go s , fas t e m n
g o n t h e h e a o f t h e a m e ( Vo n S c h wa rz , d g
1 1 7 , fo r t h e s a m e u s e o f e a es ) p . gl .
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.
m a y b e s o m e c a s s es o f w i -s h e e , fre q u e n t d l ld p
fu rt he r n o rt h , a t hi he r e e a t io n a n d in
6
, g lv
a c e s m o re fa m i ia r t o B a u r pl l b .
P
T he a r w an o r IIin d fi - u sh a ss c o n c e rn in t he w in s o f w hic h s ee f 1 2 8
, k p g d . .
o f w h ic h is t h e H in i m no d d
'
7 t zz r n a u
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o , , g
g a et t a , t he fu r n ishe r o f t he a i re t t e o f c o m m e rc e
g g .
T he a ugar 1s a r de a c i n e r ea , t he re he ro n g y
; t h e oa r oa r a is a r dea g a z ett a , t he
g Q at ar: 15 e xpl d Cdx by
.
e r et a in e in t he E lp h
.
o e ( f 1 10 ) k/z a w as il , g o ld fi n c h , b u t . .
the c o n t e t c o n c e rn s a r e x ir s ; S c u l g b d lly
( Sha w s Vo c ) has goda n , wa t e r -h e n , whic h
’
s u 1ts b tt e er .
.
K AB U L
fi d in t he pl wa t e r
a n t k n o wn In au t u m n w he n t he
(ckz glz j ) x e .
a s w i l d -a ss -t a i l h a s c o m e t o m a t u r
I
i t y fl o w e r e d a n d s e e d e d , ,
p e o pl e t a k e 10 2 0 o s ( 0 o f g re e n b ra n c he s
— l a d o f s e e d ? ) a n d 2 0 —
3
o m e he a d o f w a t e r b re a k it u p sm al l a nd
(g s -s li i ocik
) t o s ,
c a s t it in T he n g o i n g i n t o t he w a t e r t he y c a n a t o n c e pi c k u p
. ,
d ru gg e d fi s h A t s o m e c o n v e n i e n t pl a c e l o w e r d o w n in a ho l e
. ,
be l o w a fa ll t he y w ill h a v e fi x e d b e fo re -ha n d a w a t t l e o f
,
-
fi n ge r t h c i k w ill o w -w i t he s m a ki n g it fi r m by pil i n g s t o n e s o n it s ,
s id e s T he w a t e r g o e s r u s h i n g a n d d a s h i n g t h ro u g h t he w a t t l e
. ,
b u t l e a v e s o n it a n y fi s h t ha t m a y h a v e c o m e fl o a ti n g d o w n .
T h i s w a y o f c a t c hi n g fi s h is p ra c t i s e d in G u b a har P a rw an a n d l -
,
I s t al i f .
F i s h a re ha d in wi n t e r in t he L a m g han at by t h i s c u r i o u s
d e vi c e z— P e o pl e d ig a pit t o t he d e p t h o f a ho u s e in t he b e d o f ,
a s t re a m b l
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,
f a ll li n e it w i t h s t o n e s l ik e a c o,
o ki n g
-pl a c e
,
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u n der wa te r E x c e p t by t h i s o n e o p e n i n g t he fi s h h a v e n o
.
,
i n l e t o r o u t l e t b u t t he w a t e r fi n d s it s w a y t h ro u g h t he s t o n e s
,
.
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w i n t e r fi s h c a n b e t a k e n 3 0 4 0 t o g e t he r
,
E x c e pt a t t he o p e n i n g
,
—
.
,
l e ft w he re c o n ve n i e n t t he s id e s o f t he fi s h -p o n d a re m a d e fa s t ,
w it h r i c e -s t ra w k e pt in pl a c e by s t o n e s , A pi e c e o f w i c k e r-w o r k .
is p u ll e d i n t o t he s a id o p e n i n g by it s e d g e s g a t he re d t o g e t he r , ,
a n d i n t o t h i s a s e c o n d pi e c e ( a t u b e ) is i n s e r t e d fi t ti n it a t t he
g , , ,
m o u t h b u t r e a c h i n g h a l f-w a y i n t o it o n ly T h e fi s h g o t hr o u g h .
2
t he s m a ll e r pi e c e i n t o t he l a rg e r o n e o u t fr o m w h i c h t he y c a n n o t ,
g e t . T h e s e c o n d n a rro w s t o wa rd s it s i n n e r m o u t h it s p o i n t e d ,
e n d s be i n
g d r a w n s o c l o s e t h a t t h e fi s h o n c e e n t e re d c a n n o t , ,
t u r n b u t m u s t g o o n o n e by o n e i n t o t he l a r e r pi e c e O u t o f
, g , , .
t ha t t he y c a n n o t r e t u r n b e c a u s e o f t h e p o i n t e d e n d s o f t he i n n e r ,
n a rr o w m o u t h T he wi c k e r-w o r k fi x e d a n d t he r i c e -s t ra w m a ki n g
.
t he p o n d fa s t w ha t e v e r fi s h a re i n s id e c a n b e t a k e n o u t 3 a n
, y
a l s o w hi c h t ryi n t p m h v i t t h wi k -w k
g o e s c,a e a y a e g o n e n o e c e r o r ,
g ala ony i ng /
f
n Am g s t t he m
r y pl t s u e d t d g fi h I h v t f d
n.
'
on an an s o ru s a e no oun
th i s o ne m t d K / a - a/ d kna f ag pp h it i v b l m i g ; th
W
en i o n e . z r z i ra an r a ro a c n er a ea n n e
firs t d b c l cy t h t h
esc ri es o od wild nS ,tt E m i P d t of I di
e seco n , rue . ee a s
’
con o c ro uc s n a
36 6 d B ll w N t pp 18 2 4 7 1 d 4 78 ’
111, an e e s o es . an
, .
M c h t bl e w ld h v b
2
u ro u p d t him e lf d h is t l t o s if Bab
ou a e ee n s ar e o s an ra n s a r ,
ur
h d k w
a no l b t -p tn a o s er o .
T h fi h it i t b i f
3 e s , d m d w t he f ll i t t h po d
s o e n e rr e , ca e o n a n o e n .
9 10 A H .
— JUNE 14 T H 15 04 TO JUNE 4 T H 15 05 A D .
a re t a k e n in it b e c a u s e t he y ha ve n o w ay ou t
,
. Thi s m e t ho d
c a t c h i n g fi s h w e h a v e s e e n n o w he re e ls e
I
of .
H I ST O R I C A L N A RR A T I V E RE S U M E D .
2
( a . D ep a rtu re o f Mu g i m a n d a llo t m en t o f la n ds .
)
A fe w d a y s a ft e r t he t a k i n g o f K ab u l M u qi m a s k e d l e a v e t o ,
s e t o ff fo r Q a n d a h ar A s h e h a d c o m e o u t o f t he t o w n o n
.
t e r m s a n d c o n di t i o n s he w a s a ll o w e d t o g o t o h is fa t he r ( Zu n
,
’
mi n ) a n d his e ld e r b ro t he r ( S h ah B e g ) w i t h a ll his v a r 1o u s ,
p e o pl e his g o o d s a n d his v a l u a bl e s s a fe a n d s o u n d
, ,
.
D i re c t ly he h a d g o n e t he K b l c o u n t ry w a s s ha re d o u t t o
a u -
,
t he M i z a d t h t -b e 3 T o J a han i r M i r z a w a s iv
r s a n e g u e s g s
g g e n .
G ha z n i w i t h it s d e p e n d e n c i e s a n d a p p u rt e n a n c ie s ; t o N as i r
M i rz a t he N i n g n a har t zZn i an M a n d r aw a r N ijr -v a ll e y K fi n ar
, , , , ,
N ar g a l ( o
- R c k -vill a g e P) a n d C h i g h a n -s a r ai T o s o m e o f t he .
b e g s who ha d be e n wi t h u s n t he g u e r ill a t i m e s a n d h a d c o m e
i -
t o K a b u l w i t h u s w e r e g iv e n vill a g e s
,
fi e f-fa s h i o n 4 i l ay a t , . W
i t s e l f w a s n o t g iv e n a t a ll 5 It w a s n o t o n ly t he n t ha t I l o o k e d .
wi t h m o re fa v o u r o n g u e s t -be g s a n d s t ra n g e r-be g s t ha n I d id
o n o ld s e rv a n t s a n d A n dij an i s t h i s I ha ve a lw a y s d o n e w he n
e v e r t he M o s t H i g h G o d h a s s ho w n m e H is fa v o u r ; y e t it is
re m a r k a bl e t hat s pit e o f t h i s p e o pl e ha v e bl a m e d m e c o n s t a n t ly
, ,
a s t ho u g h I h a d fa v o u re d n o n e b u t o ld s e r v a n t s a n d A n d ij an i s .
“
T he re is a p ro v e rb ( T u r k i ) W ha t will a fo e n o t s a y ? w ha t
,
e n t e r s n o t i n t o d re a m ? a n d ( P e rs i a n )
“ A t o w n - a t ”
c a n be
g e
”
s h u t a fo e s m o u t h n e v e r
’
.
,
B u rn es a n d V
ign e e s c r i e a fa d
2 0 m i e s fr o m b
a u , at a n i G ha r o ill l Kb l T g
[b e olw w h e r e t h e T a g
-a fi o ins t h e B aran -wa t e r j
, ] t o w h ic h in t h e ir da y, a u is we n t Kb l
o u t fo r t h e a m u se m e n t o f ca t c hin fi sh a s t h e t r y t o e a u p t h e fa g e re t he s e y l p ll W.
g k g pp y p v p d
W
m i ra n t s s e e in u e r wa t e rs o r w e re t he ca t i e s in a fi sh - o n ?
2
E lp h MS f 1 1 1 ; - i-B I O 2 1 5 f 1 1 6 6 a n d 2 1 7 f 9 76 ; em s M p
‘
. . . . . . . 1 55 ; . . . .
Mem s i, 3 1 8 . .
3 m i /z m an - 6eg lar , a n e r ess io n

’
r st u s e xp
Ba u r h e re , a n d du e , r e su m a fi , to d by b p bly
a c c ess io n s fr o m K A a ra e case is i e n in Ma x Mil lle r s ll g p ll l gv
’
h u s ra u Shah s fo o win ’
“
.
Sc i en c e of L a n g u ag e i, 3 4 8 e d 18 7 1 , u r m an t ri e s . ca t h em se e s , n o t T k b ll lv
su bj ec t s , b u t u es t s o f t heg z e hans U b gK .
4 t i al-
y dz a in a ll t h e
'
u r i M SS I l m in s k T k
y, d e C o u r t e ill e a n d Z e n e r , y
. i t i Zl -dz a, k ‘
T ku r i, a fi ef
W W
.
5
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i lay a t éaad lz ec /z 6z r z l m ad i
'
-i-B 2 1 f 1 16 6
' ' '
W
ilay a t dada n a s au da a n d
W
’
5 , . . .
2 1 7 f 9 76 ,
. i lay a t a nd ac c/z dada n a s /z u d B y t his u n e r s ta n t ha t h e e t t he . I d d kp
l d
an s of Kb l
a u it se f in his o wn ha n s l d
H e m e n t io n s ( f 3 5 0 ) a n d G u l - a a n m e n t io n s . . bd
( H N f 4 0 6 ) his r e s o e so t o e e
. . . a ulv k pK b lt hin he e t n o t o n t h e fo rt b u t . I k kp ly
l d
a ll a n s c o n st it u t in t he g Kb l
a u t um an (f 1 3 5 6 a n d n o t e ) . .
K AB U L
( 6 A l e vy i n g r a i n
. .
)
Many c ans l and S a m a r k a n d H i s ar
h o rd e s h a d co me fro m ,
a n d Q an d fi z i h
nto t e K a b u l —c o u n t ry K ab u l is a s m a ll c o u n t ry .
it is a l s o o f t he s wo rd n o t o f t he p e n t o t a k e in m o n e y fro m
I
,
it fo r a ll t he s e t r ib e s m e n w a s i m p o s s ibl e It t he re fo re s e e m e d .
a dvi s a bl e t o t a k e in g ra i n p ro vi s i o n fo r t he fa m ili e s o f t he s e ,
c l a n s s o t ha t t he i r m e n c o u ld r id e o n fo r a y s wi t h t he a r m y .
A c c o rdi n g ly it w a s d e c id e d t o l e vy -l o a d s o f g ra i n 2
a s s
o n K ab u l G ha z n i a n d t he i r d e p e n d e n c i e s ; w e k n e w n o t h i n g
,
a t t ha t t i m e a b o u t t he h a rv e s t s a n d i n c o m i n g s t he i m p o s t w a s
e x c e s s iv e a n d u n d e r it t he c o u n t ry s u ffe re d v e ry g r i e v o u s ly
,
.
In t ho s e d a y s I d e vi s e d t h e B a b u r i s c r ipt 3 .
( c . F or ay on Me H a z ar a ) .
l a rg e t rib u t e in ho rs e s a n d s h e e p ha d b e e n l a id o n t he
A
S u l t an M a s ad i H a z ara s ; 4 w o r d c a m e a fe w d a y s a ft e r c o ll e c t o rs
‘
h a d g o n e t o re c e iv e it t ha t t he H a z ara s w e re re fra c t o ry a n d ,
w o u ld n o t g ive t he i r g o o d s A s t he s e s a m e t r ib e s m e n h a d .
be fo re t ha t c o m e d o w n o n t he G h a z n i a n d G i rdi z r o a d s w e g o t ,
t o ho rs e m e a n i n g t o t a k e t he m by s u r p r i s e
, R id i n g by t he .
M a id an -ro a d w e c ro s s e d t he N irkh-p a s s s by n i g h t a n d a t t he
,
!
M o rn i n g -p ray e r fe l l u p o n t he m n e a r J al-t a ( v a r C ha—t a) T he

W
. .
6
i n c u rs i o n w a s n o t w ha t w a s w i s he d e c a m e b a c k by t he .
T u n n e l -ro c k ( S a n g -i-s arak h) ; J a h an g i r M i rz a ( t he re P) t o o k

l e a ve fo r G ha z n i O n o u r re a c h i n g K ab u l Y ar-i-h u s a i n s o n o f
.
, ,
D a ry a K han c o m i n g in fro m B hi ra w a it e d o n m e 7, ,
.
S a ifi dur , ga la /m a i m as , i e t a x is t a e n
"
fo r c e , n o t ai
. . o n a w rit t e n k by p d
a sse ss m e n t .
2
b
k/z a r -w ar , a o u t 700 l b s A v e rd u p o is ( E rs in e ) C f Ay z n -i -a k6a r z ( a rret t , 11, k . .
‘ ’
J
3 N ii am u ’d -
d
di n A hm a a n d Ba day fi n i o t h m e n t io n t h is s c r i t a n d sa y t ha t in it b p
b
Ba u r t ra n sc ri e a c o o f t he bd
o ran fo r py
r ese n t a t io n t o a a Q B a dayi mi sa s p M kk .
'
y
k
it was u n n o w n in h is da y, t h e r e i n o f A a r ( Ta 6a at -
g i -a 66a r i it h g
e d 19 3 , kb l . p .
a n d Mu n t a k/z a 6 u t -t a w ar i k/z B ib I n d e d iii,

.
,
’ '
. . .
4 B ab u r’
s r o u t e , t a e n wit h o n e i en k
R a v e r t y (N ot es gv
a o ws t h e se by p . ll
H az ara s , a o u t who s e o c a t io n Mr E rs in e w a s u n c e rt a in , t o b e o ca t e
b l k
e t w e e n t he l db
p
.
M d U d
T a k i t - a s s ( Ar g h a n di - a i an - n a i ro a ) , o n t h e ir e a st , a n d t h e Sa n - a h m o u n t a ins , gl k
T
o n t e 1r w e s t
o
T he Tk p l ll b
5
a h t - a s s , o n e o n wh ic h fr o m t im e s im m e m o ria to h a s e en
,
ta 1 e n .
6
k/ at i r -s
i alz w h ich
'
e rha s im i es m u t u a i p
s c o n t e n t , B ab u r s with
’
p pl ld
g l d P l
.
h is a m s t he H a z ara s w it h t he ir o ss e s
.
’
A s t he se c o n e rs ia n t rans a t io n o m its
.
t he n e a t i e , t he g v M’
e m o irs o e s t h e sa m e d .
7 Bhi ra e in b g
in Shah ar , t h is p
han s da ry a wi b e t h e e h a m
’
K ll J l .
K AB U L
I
T a l e s ha d be e n t o ld u s a b o u t k ha tt ri it w a s s a id t o b e Gfi r -
a ho ly pl a c e o f t he J o g i s a n d H in d ii s w ho c o m e fr o m lo ng
di s t a n c e s t o s ha ve t he i r he a d s a n d b e a r d s t he r e I ro d e o u t a t .
o n c e fro m J am t o vi s i t B i g ram s a w it s
g r e a t t r e e 3 a n d a l l t he ,
2
,
c o u n t ry r o u n d b u t m u c h a s we e n q u i e d r a bo u t G r k h a t t ri
a -
, , ,
id M lik d K w o u ld s a y n o t h i n g
‘
B - m 4
’
o ur gu e o ne a fi s a i a a ,
r z ,
a b o u t it W he n w e w e re a l m o s t b a c k in c a m p ho w e ve r he t o ld
.
, ,
K hwaj a M u h a m m a d -a m i n t ha t it w a s in B i g ram a n d t ha t he
h a d s a id n o t h i n g a b o u t i t be c a u s e o f it s c o n fi n e d c e ll s a n d
n a rro w p a s s a g e s T he K hw aj a h a vi n g t he re a n d t he n a b u s e d .
,
h im r e p e a t e d t o u s w h a t he h a d s a id b u t w e c o u ld n o t g o b a c k
, ,
be c a u s e t he ro a d w a s l o n g a n d t he d a y fa r s p e n t .
( e . Mov e ag a in s t K ohat .
)
W he t he r t o c ro s s t he w a t e r o f S i n d o r w he re e l s e t o g o w a s , ,
'
d i s c u s s e d in t ha t c a m p 5 B aqi C nag lz an ian i re p re s e n t e d th a t it .
s e e m e d w e m i g ht g o w i t ho u t c ro s s i n g t he r iv e r a n d w i t h o n e ,
n i g ht s h a l t t o a pl a c e c a ll e d K o hat w he re w e re m a n y r i c h
’ ’
t r ib e s m e n ; m o re o v e r he b ro u g ht K ab u l i s fo rw a r d w ho r e p re
s e n t e d t he m a t t e r j u s t a s h e h a d d o n e e h a d n e v e r he a r d o f . W
t he pl a c e b u t a s he m y m a n in g re a t a u t ho r ity s a w it g o o d t o
, , , ,
g o t o K o h at a n d h a d b r o u h t fo rw a r d s u pp o r t o f h is r e c o m
g
m e n d a t io n —t h i s b e i n g s o ! w e b ro k e u p o u r pl a n o f c ro s s i n g
,
t he S i n d -w a t e r i n t o H in d fi s t an m a r c he d fro m J am fo r d e d t he , ,
B ara -w a t e r a n d d i s m o u n t e d n o t fa r fro m t he p a s s ( da6an )

,
t hro u g h t he M u h a m m a d -m o u n t a i n A t t he t i m e t he
G agi an i A fg han s w e re l o c a t e d in Pa ra s ha w ar b u t in d re a d o f ,
o u r a r m y h a d d ra w n o ff t o t he s ki r t -h ill s
, O n e o f t he i r h e a d .
m e n c o m i n g i n t o t h i s c a m p did m e o b e i s a n c e
, we t o o k h im a s , ,
2
G . of I xx.
,
12 5 a n d C u n n in gh am s
’
A n ci en t H is t ory i, 8 0 . Ba b u r sa w t he pl a ce
in 9 2 5 AH .
(f .
2
C i gh m p 9
un n n a , . 2 . F o u r a n c ie n t s it e s , n ot fa r ve d f re m o ro m o n e a n o t h e r , be ar
t his m
na Bi g am i e, r ,
v z . t h o se n e a r H fi p i an , K ab l J l al abad
u , a an d Pa shawa r .
3 C i gh m i 79
u nn n a , , .
4
P e r ha p s a n ati e v of K a m a ri on t he I d n us, b u t 6 a m a r z is
’
a wo r d of d ive rse
a ppl i ca t io n ( in d e x s n . .
5 T he a nna s o f l
d she w t h t Bab w l it t l f f t his cam p iga n t o t he e as t wa r a ur as e o a re e
ag t t h t m y c t f hi w w m c if l t h t he ts d w t h b b ity f
en a an a s o s o n e re er u a se o n e ar ar o
oth it w
e rs a s d i g t hi pl f w it i g ( f 8 6 ) as ,d t h t h h d w it h h im
acco r n o s an o r n . an a e a
di c ipl i d bb f Kh Shah s f m f ll wi g t k
’
un s ne H
ro t b e rs o u s ra u or er o o n . e can n o e a en as
h mg p w
av t mm d t l th
o ts f th
er hi g t -b g
o d th ico an or c o n ro e ac o o se , s ues e s an e r
f ll wi g wh d i t t d h i m v m e t s i t his d i
o o n , t j o ey o e w e th
c a e s o e n n sas r o u s o u rn n o rs an
,
a def t say H id
ea Mi a , s a ar rz .
9 10 A H .
- JUNE 14 T H 15 04 T O J U NE 4 T H 15 05 AD .
w e ll a s t he F ajji w i t h u s s o t ha t b e t w e e n t he m t he y m i gh t
W
, , , ,
p o i n t o u t t he r o a d s e l e ft t h a t c a m p a t m id n i g ht
. c ro s s e d ,
M u h a m m a d -fa jj a t d ay —r i s e a n d by b re a k fa s t -t i m e d e s c e n d e d ’
o n K o h at M u c h c a t t l e a n d b u ffa l o fe ll t o o u r m e n ; m a n y
.
A fg han s w e re t a k e n b u t I h a d t he m a ll c o ll e c t e d a n d s e t t he m
fre e . In t h e K o hat ho u s e s c o rn w a s fo u n d w i t ho u t li m i t Ou r .
fo ra g e rs r a id e d a s fa r a s t he S i n d -r iv e r ( da ry a) re j o i n i n g u s a ft e r ,
o n e n i g ht s h a l t A s w ha t B aqi C nag nan ian i h a d le d u s t o e xp e c t

’
.
d id n o t c o m e t o ha n d he g re w ra t he r a s h a m e d o f h is s c he m e
,
.
W he n o u r fo r a g e rs w e re b a c k a n d a ft e r t wo n i g ht s in K o hat ,
w e t o o k c o u n s e l t o g e t he r a s t o w h a t w o u ld b e o u r n e x t g o o d m o v e ,
a n d we d id e d t o o v e r -ru n t he A f h an s o f B a n g a s h a n d t he
e c
g
B a n n fi n e i g hb o u rho o d t he n t o g o b a c k t o K ab u l e i t he r t hro u g h
, ,
N a g h r ( Bag hz an P) o r by t he F a r m fi l-ro a d ( T o c hi -v a ll e y P)
,
.
In K o h a t D a ry a
,
K h a n s s n Y r i hu s a i n
o a - - w h o h a d w a it e d
’
, ,
“
o n m e in K ab u l m a d e p e t i t i o n s a yi n g If ro y a l o r d e rs w e re , ,
g iv e n m e fo r t h e D il a z a k t h e Y a s u f-z ai a n d t he G a i an i t he s e
g ,
2
, ,
w o u ld n o t g o fa r fro m m y o rd e rs if I c a ll e d u p t he P ad s hah s ’
s w o rd s o n t he o t he r s id e o f t he w a t e r o f S i n d 3 T he fa r m an .
h e p e t i t i o n e d fo r b e i n g g iv e n he w a s a ll o w e d t o g o fro m K o hat ,
.
(f Ma r en t o T nal )
'
. .
M c hi n g u t o f K o hat w e t o o k t he H a n g ii ro a d fo r B a n g a s h
a r o -
,
.
B e t w e e n K o hat a n d H a n g fi t ha t r o a d r u n s t hro u g h a v a ll e y s hu t
in o n e i t he r h a n d by t he m o u n t a in s W h e n w e e n t e re d t h i s .
v a ll e y t he A fg han s o f K o hat a n d t he re a bo u t s w ho w e re g a t he re d
,
o n bo t h h ill -s ki r t s r a i s e d t h e i r w a r -c r w i t h re a t c l a m o u r O u r
, y g .
t he n g u id e M a lik B fi -s a i d K a m a r i w a s w e ll -a c q u a i n t e d wi t h
‘
,
t he A fg h an l o c a t i o n s he re p re s e n t e d t ha t fu rt he r o n t he re w a s
a d e t a c he d h ill o n o u r r i ht w he re if t he A f h an s c a m e d o w n
g g , ,
t o it fro m t he h ill -s ki r t we m i g ht s u r ro u n d a n d t a k e t he m ,
God .
b ro u g ht it r i g ht T he A fg han s o n r e a c h i n g t he pl a c e d id c o m e
W
, ,
do w n . e o r d e r e d o n e p a rt y o f b ra v e s t o s e i z e t he n e c k o f
l a n d be t we e n t h a t h ill a n d t he mo u n t a i n s o t he rs t o m o ve a l o n g ,
4
F o r t he ro u t e h e re s ee M a ss o n , i, 1 17 a n d C o lq u ho u n
’
s
'
I/ Vi t /z t b e R u r a m F iel d
2
T he H a i . MS . wr it e s t his i a h -z ak Dl .
3 i e ra is e
. . d a fo r c e in B ab u r s n a m e
’
H e t oo . k d
a v a n ta g e of t h is f a r m an in 9 1 1 A H .
to k lli Baq i (f 1 5 9 6 .
K AB U L
it s s id e s ,
so d e r a t t a c k m a d e fro m a ll s id e s a t o n c e t he
t ha t un ,
A fg han s m i g ht b e m a d e t o r e a c h t he i r d o o m A g a i n s t t he a l l .
r o u n d a s s a u l t t he y c o u ld n o t e v e n fi g h t
,
a h u n d re d o r t w o w e r e
t a k e n s o m e w e re b ro u g h t in a liv e b u t o f m o s t t he he a d s o n ly
W
, ,
w e re b ro u g ht e h a d b e e n t o ld t h a t w he n A fg h an s a r e p o w e r
.
l e s s t o re s i s t t he y g o b e fo re t he i r fo e wi t h g ra s s b e t w e e n th e i r
,
” I
t e e t h t hi s b e i n g a s m u c h a s t o s a y
,
I a m yo u r c o w H e re ,
.
we s a w t h i s c u s t o m A fg han s u n a bl e t o m a k e r e s i s t a n c e c a m e ,
b e fo re u s wi t h g ra s s b e t w e e n t he i r t e e t h T ho s e o u r m e n h a d .
b ro u g ht in a s p r i s o n e rs w e re o rd e re d t o b e b e h e a d e d a n d a pill a r
o f t he i r h e a d s w a s s e t u p in o u r c a m p
2
.
N e x t da y we m a rc he d fo rw a r d a n d d i s m o u n t e d a t H a n g a ,
whe re l o c a l A fg han s ha d m a d e a s a ng u r o n a h ill I fi rs t he a r d .
t he w o r d s a ng u r a ft e r c o m i n g t o K ab u l w he re p e o pl e d e s c r i be
fo rt i fyi n g t he m s e lv e s o n a hill a s m a k i n g a s a ng u r Ou r m e n .
w e n t s t r a i g ht u p b ro k e i n t o it a n d c u t o ff a hu n d re d o r t wo o f
,
i n s o l e n t A fg han he a d s T he re a l s o a pill a r o f he a d s w a s s e t u p
. .
F ro m H a n g 11 w e m a r c he d w i t h o n e n i g ht s h a lt t o T i l ( T hal ) 3 ’
‘
, , ,
be l o w B a n g a s h t he re a l s o o u r m e n w e n t o u t a n d r a id e d t he
A fg han s n e a r-b y ; s o m e o f t he m ho w e v e r t u rn e d b a c k ra t he r
li g htly fro m a s a ng u r 4 .
(g . A cr oss cou n t ry i n t o B a n n iZ) .
On l e a vi n g T i l ( Th al ) w e we n t with o u t a ro a d r i g ht d o w n , ,
a s t e e p d e s c e n t o n t h r o u h o u t -o f-t he - w w h l t d
g , a y n a r r o s a e o n e ,
n i g ht a n d n e xt d a c a m e d o w i t B a 5 m a n ho rs e an d
, y n n o a n n , ,
c a m e l a ll w o rn o u t w i t h fa t i u e a n d wit h m o s t o f t he b o o ty in
g
c a t t l e l e ft o n t he w a T h e f q t d d m t h v b e e n
y re u e n e r o a
. u s a e
a fe w m il e s t o o u r r i h t ; t he o n e w e c a m e by did n o t s e e m
g
f Y
O the as u f z ai a n d a n i t si n h ,
- - R j g
as s o n sa s , ( i, 14 1 )
“ M y
T he m is e ra e , h u n t e bl d
wre t c hes t h re w t he m se e s o n t he r o u n , a n d lv a c in ag d pl
a e o r t u ft o f g bl d
r a ss in t h e ir g
m o u t hs , c rie o u t , d am o u r co w
”
I y
his a c t a n d e T
a n a t io n , whic h w o u
. xpl ha e ld v
vd
sa e d x
t he m fr o m a n o rth o o H in dt i , ha d n o e ff e c t w it h t he in fu r ia t e
'
S i hs
”
h is d k T .
fo rm o f s u ppl
ica t io n is a t e as t a s o ld as t h e a s o f l dy
ir a u si ( E r s in e , F d 1 59 k p .
- - ‘
T he B a lz ci r i aja m is q u o t e d by
Vu lle rs a s sa in t ha t in n ia , s u y g I d
ian t s t a e s t ra w ppl k
111 t he m o u t h t o in ic a t e t h a t t h e d a re a n c he and y bl
e o w fro m fe a r d y ll .
2
T b b
h is a r a ro u s c u s t o m ha s a w a s re a i e a m o n s t t he l y p v l d g T
a rt a r c o n q u ero rs o f
As 1a ( E rs in e ) k x pl
F o r e am e s u n e r im ar see R a v e rt f s N ot es
. d T 13 7 p . .
3 For a
g dd
e s c r i t io n o f t he ro a pfro m o hat t o ha s ee Be e w s Mis s i on
d K T l ll p
’
oo 104 . .
4
F p b
8 8 6 has t h e s a m e h ras e a o u t t he o u t fu c o u ra e o f o n e Sa i i a ra
.
d b l g yy d Q .
5 No t t o th m
e o d t o wn o f B a n n i i , [
. t h a t ha in e en
'
e u n on v gb bg ly
in 18 4 8 A D ] b u t .
v
wh e re e r t he ir wr o n roa g d b g
ro u h t t he m o u t in t o t h e Ba n n a a m h it h e a t re pTh e
S u r e Ma p o f 18 6 8 , N o 1 5 , s h e ws t h e h s ic a fe a t u res o f t he wr o n ro u t e
.
vy . p y l g .
K AB U L
M a rc h i n g x t day w e d i s m o u n t e d
ne ,
on at an
‘
Is a -k h a il vill a g e
t h a t s a m e w a t e r ( t he K ar am ) b u t a s t he vill a g e rs ha d g o n e i n t o ,
t he C ha u p ar a h ill s o n h e a r i n g o f u s w e l e ft it a n d di s m o u n t e d ,
o n t he s ki r t o f C ha u p ar a O u r fo ra g e rs w e n t fro m t he re i n t o
.
t he h ill s d e s t ro y e d t he Is a -k h a il s a ng u r a n d c a m e ba c k wit h
‘
,
s he e p ,
he r sd a nd l
c oth T h ta n i g h t t h e I s a -k
. h a il m a d e a n
‘
at t ac k o n u s b u t a s g o o d w a t c h w a s k e p t a ll t h ro u g h t he s e
,
o p e r a t i o n s t he y c o u ld d o n o t h i n
, g S o c a u t i o u s w e r e w e t ha t a t .
n i g ht o u r r i g ht a n d l e ft c e n t re a n d v a n w e r e j u s t in t he w a y
,
t he y ha d di s m o u n t e d e a c h a c c o rd i n g t o it s pl a c e in b a t t l e e a c h
, ,
p re p a re d fo r it s o w n p o s t w i t h m e n o n fo o t a ll r o u n d t he c a m p a t
, ,
a n a rr o w s d i s t a n c e fr o m t he t e n t s
’
E v e ry n i g ht t he a rm y w a s .
p o s t e d in t hi s w a y a n d e ve ry n i g ht t hre e o r fo u r o f m y ho u s e ho ld
'
m a d e t he ro u n d s w i t h t o rc he s e a c h in h is t u r n I fo r m y p a rt ,
.
m a d e t he ro u n d o n c e e a c h n i g ht T h o s e n o t a t t he i r p o s t s h a d .
t he i r n o s e s s lit a n d w e re le d ro u n d t h ro u h t he a r m y J a h an g i r
g .
M i rz a w a s t he r i g ht wi n g w i t h B aqi C /i ag aa n ian i S he ri m T a g hai

'
, , ,
S a yyid H u s a i n A kb a r a n d o t he r b e g s M i rz a K han w a s t he , .
l e ft wi n g w i t h A bd u r -r a zz aq M i rz a Q as i m B e g a n d o t he r b e g s
,
‘ ’
, .
In t he c e n t re t he r e w e re n o g re a t b e g s a ll w e re h o u s e ho ld -b e g s ,
.
S a yyid Q as i m L o r d -o f-t he -g a t e w a s t he v a n with B ab a A fi g hfi li , , ,
A ll ah-bi r d i ( v a r A ll ah-q u l i P u r an ) a n d s o m e o t he r b e g s
. T he ,
.
a r m y w a s in s ix d ivi s i o n s e a c h o f w h i c h h a d it s d a a n d n i g ht
, y
o n g u a rd .
M a rc hi n g fro m t ha t hil l -s ki rt o u r fa c e s s e t we s t we d i s m o u n t e d , ,
o n a w a t e r l e s s pl a i n b e tw e e n B a n n ii a n d t he Pl a i n T he .
s o ldi e r s
g o t w a t e r he re fo r t he m s e lv e s t he i r he r d s a n d s o o n by , ,
d i g g i n g d o w n fro m o n e t o o n e -a n d -a -h a l f y a rd s i n t o t he d ry
, ,
-c o u rs e
w a t e r whe n w a t e r c a m e N o t he re o n ly d id t h i s ha pp e n
, .
fo r a ll t he r iv e rs o f H in d fi s t an ha v e t he p e c u li a r ity t h a t w a t e r is
s a fe t o b e fo u n d by d i i d w f m t - d - -h l f
gg g n o n ro o n e o o n e a n a a
y a rd s in t he i r b e d s I t is a w o n d e r fu l p ro vi s i o n o f G o d t ha t w he re
.
,
e x c e pt fo r t he t iv t h i -w a t e rs w t 2
g r e a r e r s e r e a r e n o r u n n n g , a e r ,
s ho u ld b e s o pl a c e d wi t h i n r e a c h in d r w t -c o u rs e s
y a e r .
t wo ro u t e s o u t o
f it , sti ll to F ma ;
at l x d d
b u t t h e e t en e m a rc h so u t h wa r d to n ea r
D a ra -1-
G h az 1 K ha ma d t he west wa r d t u rn b e t a e n t h ro u h t he a e o k g v ll y p i g
~
n e en n at
Sa khi sa w ar .
2
T h1s w i m e a n , n o n e o f t he
ll a rt i fiil l l
fa m i ia r whe re B a b l iv d
c a ru n e t s ur ha d e
b e fo re g e t t m k
g t o n o w H in dfi st an .
9 10 A IL - JUNE 14 T H 15 04 T O JUNE 4 I H 15 05 A D .
Wl e e ft t ha t d ry c ha n n e l ne xt m o rn i n g . So me of ou r m en,
r id i n g li g ht r e a c he d vill a g e s o f t he P l a i n in t he a ft e rn o o n ra id e d
, ,
a fe w a n d b ro u g h t b a c k fl o c k s c l o t h a n d h o rs e s b r e d fo r t ra de
I
.
, ,
P a c k -a n i m a l s a n d c a m e l s a n d a l s o t he b ra ve s we ha d o u t d i s t a n c e d ,
k e p t c o m i n g i n t o c a m p a ll t hro u g h t ha t n i g ht till d a w n a n d o n
t ill t h a t m o rro w s n o o n D u r i n g o u r s t a y t he re t he fo ra g e rs
’
.
,
b ro u g ht in fro m vill a g e s in t he P l a i n m a s s e s o f s he e p a n d c a t t l e , ,
a n d fro m A fg h an t r a d e rs m e t o n t he ro a d s w h i t e c l o t hs a ro m a ti c
, , ,
r o o t s s u a r s t ip iZ c/z ags a n d h o r s e s b re d fo r t ra d e H i n d i (v a r
g , , ,
. .
M i n d i ) Mug nut u n ho rs e d K hw aj a K h iz r L il li an i a we ll -k n o w n ,
a n d r e s p e c t e d A fg h an m e rc ha n t c u t t i n g o ff a n d b r i n g i n g in h is ,
he a d O n c e w he n S he ri m T a g hai w e n t in t he re a r o f t he fo ra g e rs
.
,
a n A fg h an fa c e d h im o n t he r o a d a n d s t ru c k o ff h is i n d e x -fi n g e r .
(i . R et u r n m a de f o r K a6u l .
)
T wo ro a d s w e re he a r d
l e a di n g fro m w he re w e we re t o o f as
G ha z n i o n e w a s t he T u n n e l -ro c k ( S a n g -i-s fi rakh) ro a d p a s s i n g ,
B i r k ( B a ra k ) a n d g o i n g o n t o F a r m ii l t he o t he r w a s o n e a l o n g
’
t he G am al w h i c h a l s o c o m e s o u t a t F a r m fi l b u t w i t ho u t t o u c h i n g
,
B i r k ( B a ra k ) A s d u r i n g o u r s t a y in t he Pl a i n ra i n ha d fa ll e n
.
2
i n c e s s a n t ly t he G am a! w a s s o s w o l l e n t ha t it wo u ld ha ve b ee n
,
d i ffi c u l t t o c ro s s a t t he fo rd we c a m e t o m o re o ve r p e rs o n s w e ll
a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t he ro a d s re p re s e n t e d t ha t g o i n g by t he G am a! ,
r o a d t h i s t o r re n t m u s t b e c ro s s e d s e v e r a l t i m e s
, t ha t t h i s w a s ,
a lw a y s di ffi c u l t w he n t he w a t e rs w e re s o h i g h a n d t h a t t he re w a s
a l w a y s u n c e rt a i n t y o n t he G am al r o a d N o t hi n g wa s se t t l e d .
t he n a s t o w hi c h o f t he se t w o ro a d s t o t a k e I e xp e c t e d it t o b e
s e t t l e d n e x t d ay w he n a ft e r t he d r u m o f d e p a rt u re h a d s o u n d e d
, ,
w e t a lk e d it o v e r a s w e w e n t 3 It w a s t he Id -i-fi t r ( M a rc h 7 t h
‘
.
1 50 5 w h il e I w a s e n g a g ed in t he a bl u t i o n s d u e fo r t he
b re a ki n g o f t he fa s t J a han gi r M i rz a a n d t he be g s d i s c u s s e d t he
,
2
s a u da -
at , pe rha p
s, p ac k -p
fo r sa e an d n o t fo r o wn u s e
o n ie s , pe r ha p b d
s, re l .
b
B u rn e s o se rv e s t ha t in 18 37 L fi han i m e rc ha n t s ca rr ie r e c is e t he sa m e a rt ic es o f dp ly l
t ra e a s in B ab u r s da y, 3 3 2 e a r s e a r ie r ( R ep or t IX
d y l p
’
.
2
Mr Er s in e t ho u ht it ro a e t ha t -t he rs t o f t h es e ro u t e s w e n t t hro u h
. k g p b bl fi g
K a n igfi ra m , a n d t h e s e c o n t h ro u h t he t d g
a iri - a s s a n d a o n t h e am a B i r k, l p l g G l .
fas t n e ss , w o u se e m a n a ld pp p
ro r ia t e n a m e fo r K a n ig fi r a m , b u t , if B a u r m e a n t t o
go b
to G
ha z n i , h e w o u b e o ff t h e o r in a r ld d yG
am a - h a z n i r o u t e in o in t hro u h a r m fi l lG g g g F
R a v e rt f s N ot es i e m u c h u s e fu gv
e t a i a o u t t he se ro u t e s , ra w n fro mld l b d
n a t iv e s o u rc e s F o r Ba ra ( Bir ) s ee N ot es
. k k
8 8, 89 i n e, 10 2 pp . Vg p . .
3 F
ro m t h is it w o u ld l
s e e m t ha t t he a t e r na t i e ro a s w e re a ro a c h e o n e in v d pp d by
com m on .
K AB U L
q u e s t i o n o f t he ro a d s S o m e -o n e s a id t h a t if we w e re t o t u rn .
t he bill o f t he M e ht a r S u l a i m an r a n g e t h i s lyi n g b e t we e n
2
,
Pl i ill c o u n t ry ( des nt u duki ) w e s ho u ld g e t 2

t he a n a n d t he H
-
,
a l e ve l ro a d t ho u g h it m i g ht m a k e t he d i ffe re n c e o f a fe w m a r c he s .
F o r t h i s t he y d e c id e d a n d m o ve d o ff ; b e fo re m y a bl u ti o n s w e re
fi n i s he d t he who l e a rm y ha d t a k e n t he ro a d a n d m o s t o f it w a s
a c ro s s t he G am a] N o t a m a n o f u s ha d e v e r s e e n t he ro a d
.
n o -o n e k n e w w he t he r it w a s l o n g o r s h o r t ; w e s t a r t e d o ff j u s t
o n a ru m o u re d w o r d
T he P r a y e r o f t he I d w a s m a d e o n t he b a n k o f t he G am al
‘
.
T ha t ye a r N e w y e a r s D ay fe l l c l o s e t o t e Id fi t r t he re b e i n g
- 3 h - i- ’ ‘
o n ly a fe w d a y s b e t w e e n ; o n t he i r a pp ro xi m a t i o n I c o m p o s e d
t he fo ll o w i n g ( T u r k i ) o de
G l d i t h B i am -m
a s f e h im w ha r s b th t h f ce f t h M n
oon d th or o se e o e a o e oo an e
M -f o f his f i d
o on ace r en
S d is t h e B i am -m
a f me f a r w y f m t hy f d f m th e
o on or ,
ar a a ro a ce an ro e .
4
O Bab ! dur m f yo l ck whe yo F e t is th e m ee t in g yo r N e w-ye

re a o ur u n ur as , u ar
t h e fa ce
For b e tter t han t ha t cou ld n ot b e w it h a hu n d d re N ew- y e a rs a n d Ba iram s .
A ft e r i t he G am al t o rre n t w e t o o k o u r w a y a l o n g t he
c ro s s n g
fl
,
s k i rt o f t he h ill s o u r fa c e s s e t s o u t h A m il e o r t wo fu r t he r o n
, .
,
s o m e d e a t h -d e v o t e d A fg han s s he w e d t he m s e lv e s o n t he l o w e r
e d g e o f t he h ill -s l o p e L o o s e re i n o ff w e w e n t fo r t he m m o st
.
,
o f t he m e d b u t so m e m a d e fo o li s h s t a n d o n ro c ky -pil e s 5 o f t he
fo o t -h ill s O n e t o o k p o s t o n a s i n g l e ro c k s e e m i n g t o h a ve
.
a p re c ipi c e o n t he fu r t he r s id e o f it s o t h a t h e h a d n o t e v e n a w a
y ,
o f e s c a pe S l Q u l i C nan aq ( O n e -e a re d ) a ll in h is m a i l a s he w a s
. .
. ,
g o t u p s l a s he d a t a n d t o o k him T h i s w a s o n e o f S l Q u li s ’
, , . .
d e e d s d o n e u n d e r m y o w n e y e s w h i c h le d t o h is fa vo u r a n d ,
6
p ro m o t i o n A t a n o t he r pil e o f ro c k w he n Q fi t lfi q -q a d a m
.
,
e x c ha n g e d bl o w s wi t h a n A f han t he y ppl d d m d w
g g r a e a n c a e o n ,
2
bi d b ill sed h e
t ur ns /rue, a r
’
s , u er . as in S e l y-b ill
se , fo r t h e n az e ( n o se ) , or snout ,
the l t p
as fs ge
u r, o a ra n .
H th w d m y be c mm o
2
e re e se or s a o n no un s .
3 N a- th f
ro z t o f t h e o ld P s i
, e ea s er an N ew - y ea r ( E r sk in e ) it is t h e da y on wh ic h
t he Su n A r ie s
e n t e rs .
4 In t he
[ u r i] E lp h a n d Ha i MSS a n d in so m e e rs ian o n e s , t he re is a s a ce
T k . . . P p
l g
e ft h e r e a s t ho u h t o in ica t e a n o wn o m is s io nd k .
5 ko n i a r i
, so m e t im e s a ca t t e -e n c o s u r e , whic h m a l
y se r e a s a s a ng ur T he wo r l v . d
m a y st a n d
in o n e pl
a c e o f it s B a6 u r n am a u s e s fo r G u m r ahi
- -
( R s N ot es s n G u m
’
. . .
rahan ) .
6
I dx
n e s n . .
K AB U L
w ill b e t o ld , p o s i t i o n fu ll o f b o u n t y fa vo u r a n d
I to o k up a ,
p ro m o t i o n —in t ru t h he w a s w o r t hy o f ho n o u r a n d a dva n ce m e n t
,
.
T wo o t he r m a rc he s w e re m a d e d o w n t h e S i n d w t
- a er
Ou r .
m e n by p e rp e t u a lly g a llo p p in g o ff o n ra id s h a d k n o c k e d u p
, ,
t he i r ho rs e s ; u s u a lly w ha t t he y t o o k c a t tl e m o s tly w a s n o t , ,
w o rt h t he g a ll o p s o m e t i m e s i n d e e d in t he P l a i n t h e re ha d be e n
s he e p s o m e t i m e s o n e s o r t o f c l o t h o r o t he r
,
b u t t he Pl a i n l e ft , ,
b e hi n d n o t h i n g w a s h a d b u t c a t t l e A m e re s erv a n t w o u ld
,
.
b ri n g in 3 o r 4 he a
0 0 d d u r i n g o u r m a r c h e s a l o n g t h e S i n d -w a t e r ,
b u t e v e ry m a rc h m a n y m o re w o u ld b e l e ft o n t he ro a d t ha n
t he y b ro u g h t in .
(j . T b e w es t w a r d m a r cn ) .
H a vi n g m a d e t hre e m o re m a rc he s l l t he S in d we
I
c o se a o ng ,
l e ft it wh e n w e c a m e o pp o s i t e Pi r K an t i s t o m b G o i n g t o t he ’ 2
‘
. .
t o m b w e t he re d i s m o u n t e d
,
S o m e o f o u r s o ldi e rs h a vi n g i n j u re d
.
s e v e r a l o f t ho s e in a tt e n d a n c e o n it I ha d t he m c u t t o pi e c e s , .
It is a t o m b o n t he s ki rt o f o n e o f t he M e ht a r S u l a i m an
m o u n t a i n s a n d he ld in m u c h h o n o u r in H in d fi s t an .
M a r c hi n g o n fro m Pi r K ama w e d i s m o u n t e d in t he ( P a w a t ) ,
p a s s ; n e x t a g a i n in t he b e d o f a t o rre n t in D ak i 3 A ft e r we .
l e ft t hi s c a m p t he re w e re b ro u g ht in a s m a n y a s 2 0 t o 30
fo ll o w e rs o f a r e t a i n e r o f S hah Be g F azil K ukaldas /z t he , ,
d aro g ha o f S i w i T he y h a d b e e n s e n t t o re c o n n o i t re u s b u t a s
.
,
a t t h a t t i m e w e w e re n o t o n b a d t e r m s wit h S hah B e w e le t
, g ,
t he m g o wit h ho rs e a n d a r m s A ft e r o n e n i g ht s ha l t w e ’
, .
,
r e a c he d C h fi t i ali a vill a e o f D ak i
g , .
A l t ho u g h o u r m e n h a d c o n s t a n t ly g a llo p p e d o ff t o ra id b o t h ,
b e fo re we re a c he d t he S i n d -w a t e r a n d a ll a l o n g it s b a n k t he y ,
ha d n o t l e ft ho rs e s b e h i n d b e c a u s e t he re ha d b e e n pl e n ty o f g re e n
,
fo o d a n d c o rn W he n ho w e ve r we l e ft t he r ive r a n d s e t o u r
.
, ,
fa c e s fo r Pi r K ama n o t e v e n g re e n fo o d w a s t o b e ha d a littl e
,
l a n d u n d e r g re e n c ro p m i g ht b e fo u n d e v e ry t wo o r t hre e
2
i e fi v e fro m Bi a h
. . l .
2
gv
R a v e r ty i e s t h e sa in t s n a m e a s Pi r K an f m ( A r 6 5 m i n
’
, is t e n e t o ) It is t h e . l d .
ll k k
w e - n o wn S a hi -s a r war , h o n o u r e H in as a n d d by
u ha m m a a n s ( d
G o f I , x x i, M d
Cl
. . .
p p e ie w 1 8 7 5 , Ma ca u l iff e s
J Rv
’
39 ; 0 R s N o t es 1 1 a n d .12 a n d ASE 1 8 55 .a c u tta
’
a rt
’
. On t /z e f a i r a t S a kiz i s a r w a r ; L e e ch s R e or t
- ’
p , fo r t h e ro u t e K /za z i n a t u V II
l -as3 fiy a iv ,
d Q d
.
3 T h 1s s e e m
s t o b e t h e su b - is t r ic t o f a n a h ar , D fi ki o r D fi i
g .
9 10 A H .
— JU NE I 4 T H 15 04 T O JUNE 4 I H 15 05 A D .
m a r c he s , but be y o n d t he c a m p s
of ho rs e -c o rn , n one . So ,
m e n t i o n e d t he re b e g a n t he l e a vi n g o f h o rs e s b e h i n d
,
A ft e r .
p s s i g C hfi t ali m y o w n e l t t e n t ha d t o b e l e ft fro m w a n t o f
a n i f -
,
I
b a g g a g e -b e a s t s O n e n i g ht a t t ha t t i m e it r a i n e d s o m u c h t ha t
.
, ,
w a t e r s t o o d k n e e -d e e p in m y t e n t ( cli adar ) I w a t c h e d t he n i g ht
o u t t ill d a w n u n c o m fo r t a bly s itti n g o n a pil e o f bl a n k e t s
, .
(é . B aqi C nag nan ian i s t r ea cnery .

)
A fe w m a r c he s fu rt he r on cam e J a han gi r M i rz a yi n g
,
Isa ,
F ol . 152 5
”
ha ve a p r iv a t e w o r d fo r
W he n w e y o u . w e re in p r iv a t e he ,
s a id B aq i C /z ag nan ian i
c a m e a n d s a id t o Y o u m a k e t he
‘
,
me ,
P ad s hah c ro s s t he w a t e r o f S i n d w i t h 7 ,
8 10 p e rs o n s t he n
, ,
m a k e y o u rs e l f P ad s hah S a id I W ha t o t he rs a re he a rd o f a s
’
.
,
c o n s u l t i n g w it h h im ? S a id he It w a s b u t a m o m e n t a g o ,
”
B aqi B e g s p o k e t o m e I k n o w n o m o re S a id I Fi n d o u t .
,
w ho t he o t he rs a re ; l ik e ly e n o u g h S a yyid H u s a i n A kb a r a n d
S I A li t he p a g e a re in it a s w e l l a s K hu s ra u S hah s be g s a n d
‘ ’
.
,
”
b ra v e s H e re t he M i rz a re a l ly b e h a ve d v e ry w e l l a n d l ik e
.
a bl o o d -r e l a t i o n w ha t he n o w d id w a s t he c o u n t e r p a rt o f w ha t
I ha d d o n e in K ahm a rd in t his s a m e il l -fa t e d m a n n iki n s o t he r ,
2 ’
s c he m e o f t re a c he ry 3 .
O n d i s m o u n t i n g a ft e r t he n e xt m a rc h I m a d e J a han gi r M i rz a ,
l e a d a bo dy o f w e ll -m o u n t e d m e n t o ra id t he A fi g han s ( A fg han s )
o f t ha t n e i g h bo u rh o o d .
M a n y m e n s ho rs e s w e re n o w l e ft be h i n d in e a c h c a m pi n g
’
ro u n d t h d c o m in w h a s m a n y a s 2 o r 300 w e re l e ft
g e a
y , g e n .
B ra v e s o f t he fi rs t ra n k w e n t o n fo o t ; S a yyid M a h m ad
A ag /z laqcm o n e o f t he b e s t o f t he ho u s e ho ld -b ra v e s l e ft his
’
, ,
ho rs e s be h i n d a n d w a lk e d In t h i s s t a t e a s t o ho rs e s we w e n t .
a ll t he re s t o f t he w a
y t o G h a z ni .
T hre e o r fo u r m a r c he s fu rt he r o n J a han gir M i rza pl u n d e re d ,

F ol . 15 3 .
s o m e A fg han s a n d b ro u g h t in a fe w s h e e p .
( l . T b e A 6 -i -is t ada .
)
Wh e n wit h a fe w m o re m a rc h e s w e re a c he d t he S t a n di n g
'
, ,
w a t e r ( A6-i -is t ada ) a w o n d e r fu lly l a rge s he e t o f w a t e r p re se n t e d

al 2- ai
g f ld i
ta rg t t l t t i
t, f m e -w
a k o p h p aai 6i t a
n en on a ce ra or , er a s a a .
It m y b m t t w it K ah -m d t h H i MS d d t d
2
a e o r e c o rr e c o r e ar , as e a . . o e s an o un er
t
s an d i th m e a f n e t th e g s (6a6 ) -yie ld i g
e na p c ity f t he pl c
r e e r en c o ra s n ca a o a e .
3 f . 12 1 .
K AB U L
it se l f l e ve l l a n d s o n it s fu rt he r s id e c o u ld n o t b e
t o Vi e w ; t he
s e e n a t a ll it s w a t e r s e e m e d t o j o i n t he s ky t he h i g he r l a n d
a n d t he m o u n t a i n s o f t ha t fu rt h e r s id e l o o k e d t o h a n g b e t we e n
fl
H e a v e n a n d E a rt h a s in a m i ra g e T he w a t e rs t he re g a t he re d
,
.
id t o be ho et f t h p i - r a i n fl o o d s o f t he K a t t a waz
a re s a s o e s r n g
pl a i n t he Zu r m u t v a l l e y a
,
- n d t h e Q a r a - b ag h m e a d o w o f t he ,
G ha z n i t o r re n t
- o o d s o f t he s p r i n g r a i -
,
— n s a n d t h e o v e r pl u s o f
-
,
2
t he s u m m e r -r i s e o f s t re a m s .
W he n w i t h i n t wo m il e s o t he f A b - i is t ada w e s a w a w o n d e r fu l
-
,
t h i n g s o m e t h i n g a s re d a s t he ro s e o f t he d a w n k e pt S he wi n g
—
a n d v a n i s h i n g b e t w e e n t he sky a n d t h e w a t e r It k e pt c o m i n g
fl
.
an d go in g W he n we g o t q u i t e c l o s e we l e a rn e d t ha t w ha t
.
s e e m e d t he c a u s e w e re fl o c k s o f g e e s e
2
not not ,
in a fl o c k b u t g e e s e i n n u m e r a bl e w h i c h w he n t he m a s s o f bi rd s
, ,
a e d t h e i r wi n g s in fli g ht s o m e t i m e s s he w e d re d fe a t he rs
pp , ,
s o m e ti m e s n o t N o t o n ly w a s t h i s bi r d t he re in c o u n tl e s s
.
n u m b e r s b u t bi r d s o f e v e ry s o r t
,
E gg s la y in m a s se s o n t he .
s ho re W he n t wo A fg han s c o m e t he re t o c o ll e c t e gg s s a w u s
fl
.
, , ,
t he y w e n t i n t o t he w a t e r h a l f a leu r on ( a m il e ) So m e o f o u r .
m e n fo ll o w i n g b ro u g ht t he m b a c k , A s fa r a s th e y w e n t t he .
w a t e r w a s o f o n e d e p t h u p t o a ho rs e s b e lly it s e e m e d n o t t o ,
’
lie in a ho ll o w t he c o u n t ry be i n g a t
W
, .
e d i s m o u n t e d a t t he t o rr e n t c o m i n
g d o w n t o t h e A b -i-is t ada
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p a s s e d it we ha ve fo u n d a d ry c ha n n e l w it h n o w a t e r w ha t e ve r 3
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, , ,
t ha t n o fo rd c o u ld b e fo u n d T he w a t e r w a s n o t v e ry b ro a d .
b u t v e ry d e e p H o rs e s a n d c a m e l s w e re m a d e t o s wi m it s o m e
.
o f t he b a a e w a s h a u l e d o ve r w i t h ro p e s H vi t
gg g a n g g o a c ro s s .
,
we w e n t o n t hro u g h O ld N an i a n d S a r -i-d ih t o G ha z n i w he re
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en on y (p 3 ’
u r s a c c u ra c .
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3
ldy e f t h b d m y have
sua r l t d f o m t he i ig t i o f m c h l d
n es s o e e a res u e r rr a on u an
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ne i t he r did t he y A ll t ha t w i n t e r t he y w e re t he c o m p a n i o n s o f
.
his c u p s a n d s o c i a l pl e a s u re s T he y a l s o o ve r r a n t he T a r k a l an i
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.c o m i n g he a t s
2
t he M i r z a m a d e ,
m a r c h o ff t he fa m ili e s o f t he c l a n s o u t s id t r ibe s a n d ho rd e s w ho
e -
,
h a d w i n t e re d in N i n g n a h ar a n d t he L a m g han at d r ivi n g t he m l ik e ,
s he e p b i
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W h il e N as i r M i rz a w a s in c a m p o n t he B aran -w a te r he he a r d ,
t h a t t he B a da kh s hi s w e re u n i t e d a g a i n s t t he A fi z b e g s a n d h a d
kill e d s o m e o f t he m .
H e re a re t he p a rt i c u l a r s W he n S ha ib aq K han ha d g iv e n —
Q a n dfi z t o Q a m b a r B i a n d g o n e h i m s e l f t o K h w a r iz m 3 Q a m b a r
Bi in o rd e r t o c o n c ili a t e t he B a d a khs hi s s e n t t he m a s o n o f
, ,
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— w ho s e a n c e s t o rs a re he a r d o f a s b e g s o f t he B a d a k hs han
S hahs ha vi n g u pl i ft e d h is o w n he a d a n d c u t o ff Ma h m fi d s a n d
,
—
,
’
t ho s e o f s o m e A fi z b e g s m a d e h i m s e l f fa s t in t he fo r t o n c e k n o w n
,
as S h a f -t iw ar b u t r e -n a m e d by h im Q il a -i- 2 a fa r M o re o v e r in ‘
.
,
R u s t aq M u ha m m a d gzZr cni a n a r m o u re r o f K hu s ra u S hah t he n , ,
o c c u pyi n g K h a m a la n g an s l e w S h a ib a K h s a dr a n d s o m e
’
q a n s ,
A fi z be g s a n d m a d e t ha t pl a c e fa s t Z u b a i r o f R ag h a g a i n .
, ,
w ho s e fo re fa t he rs a l s o w ill ha v e b e e n b e g s o f t he B a d a k h s han
'
S h ah s u p ro s e, in R ga h 4 J a han gi r T u r /ein an a g a i n a s e rv a n t
.
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o f K hu s r a u S h ah s W a l i c o l l e c t e d s o m e o f t he fu itiv e s o ld i e rs
’
g ,
a n d t r ib e s m e n W a l i ha d l e ft b e h i n d a n d wi t h t h e m wi t h d re w ,
i n t o a fa s t n e s s 5 .
N as i r M i rza he a r i n g t he s e v a r i o u s i t e m s o f n e w s a n d s p u rre d
,
o n by t h e i n s t i a t i o n o f a fe w s illy h t -s i h t e d p e rs o n s t o
g s o r
g ,
c o v e t B a d a k hs han m a rc he d a l o n g t he S h ib r-t a a n d Ab -d a r a
,
ro a d d r ivi n g lik e s he e p be fo re him t he fa m ili e s o f t he m e n w ho

,
h a d c o m e i n t o K ab u l fro m t he o t he r s id e o f t he A m i
Th y w l
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2
s as o n e , m a n ife st , w it h t h e ly
e si n o f ra w in d g
a ft e r t h e fa m i ie s t he ir d g l
fight i g m t h n en , en a wa w it h B a u r y b .
3 f 1 3
. 6 Sha ib aq
. han e s ie e K b
hi n S u f i , S l H u sa in gdC
i rz a s m an in K hwariz m
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. M
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. 2 0 4 ; S /za i 6an i -n am a Va m b ér
.
y, a e of o n tents a nd n o te T bl C
Su r e Ma p 1 8 8 9 , Sa
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vy a T he dd
a h -wa t e r o ws n w in t o t he O u s
. R g fl . . x
5 6i r k, a m o u n ta in s t ro n ho g ld
c f f 14 9 6 n o t e t o B ir ( Ba ra ) . . k k .
6
T y d v
he we re t h u s ri e n o n fro m t h e Bar an -wa t e r ( f .
9 10 A H .
— JUNE 14 m 15 04 T O JUNE 4m 15 05 A D .
(p . A f a ir s f
o K nu s r a u s een ) .
A t t he t i m e K hu s ra u S hah a n d A h m a d -i-q as i m w e re in fli g ht
fr o m Aj a r fo r K hu ras an t he y m e e t l n g i n W i t h B a di u z —z a m an
I ‘ ’
M i rz a a n d Za n -n fi n B e g a ll w e n t o n t o g e t he r t o t he p re s e n c e o f
’
S l H u s a i n M i rz a in H e ri
. A ll ha d l o n g b e e n fo e s o f h is ; a ll .
h a d be ha v e d u n m a n n e r ly t o him w h a t b ra n d s h a d t he y n o t s e t
o n his h e a rt Y e t a ll n o w w e n t t o h im in t he i r di s t re s s a n d a ll ,
w e n t t h ro u g h m e F o r it is n o t l ik e ly t he y w o u ld ha v e s e e n
.
h im if I ha d n o t m a d e K h u s ra u S hah he lpl e s s by p a r t i n g h im
fro m h is fo ll o w i n g a n d if I h a d n o t t a k e n K ab u l fro m
,
s o n M u qi m B a di u z z a m an M i rz a h i m s e l f w a s a s d o u g h in t he
‘ ’
-
.
,
ha n d s o f t he re s t b e y o n d t he i r w o r d he c o u ld n o t g o S l H u s a i n . .
M i rz a t o o k u p a g ra c i o u s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s o n e a n d a ll m e n t i o n e d ,
n o -o n e s m i s d e e d s e v e n m a d e t he m g i ft s
’
.
,
S ho rt ly a ft e r t he i r a r riv a l K hu s ra u S hah a s k e d fo r l e a v e t o g o
“
t o h is o w n c o u n t ry s a yi n g If I g o I s ha ll g e t it a ll i n t o m y
, , ,
”
ha n d s A s he ha d re a c he d H e ri wi t h o u t e q u ip m e n t a n d wi t ho u t
.
re s o u rc e s t he y fi n e s s e d a l i t t l e a b o u t his l e a v e H e b e c a m e
,
.
i m p o rt u n a t e M u h a m m a d Ba ra n dii q re t o rt e d ro u n dly o n him

.
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with W he n y o u h a d
,
m e n be h i n d y o u a n d t he w h01e
c o u n t ry in y o u r h a n d s w h a t d id y o u e ffe c t a g a i n s t t he A fi z b e ?
, g
W ha t w il l y o u do n o w w i t h y o u r 5 00 m e n a n d t he A fi z b e g s in '
”
po sse s s i o n ? H e a dd e d a li t t l e g o o d a dvi c e in a fe w s e n s ibl e
w o r d s b u t a ll w a s in v a i n be c a u s e t he fa t e d ho u r o f K hu s ra u
,
S hah s d e a t h w a s n e a r L e a v e w a s a t l a s t g iv e n be c a u s e o f his
’
.
i m p o r t u n i t y K hu s ra u S hah wi t h h is 3 o r 4 00 fo ll o w e rs w e n t ,
s t r a i g ht i n t o t he bo r d e rs o f D a han a h T he re a s N as i r M i rz a .
h a d j u s t g o n e a c ro s s t h e s e t w o m e t , .
N o w t he B a d a k hs hi c h i e fs ha d i n vi t e d o n ly t he M i rz a ; t he y
ha d n o t i n vi t e d K hu s ra u S hah T ry a s t he M i rz a d id t o p e rs u a d e .
K hu s ra u S hah t o g o i n t o t he h ill -c o u n t ry t he l a t t e r q u it e ,
2
,
u n d e rs t a n d i n g t he w ho l e t i m e w o u ld n o t c o n s e n t t o o h is o wn
g , ,
id e a be i n g t ha t if he m a rc he d u n d e r t he M i rz a he w o u ld g e t t he ,
c o u n t ry i n t o h is o w n ha n d s I n t he e n d u n a bl e t o a g re e e a c h
'
.
, ,
o f t he m n e a r Is hki m i s h a r ra y e d h is fo l l o w i n u t o n m il d w
, g p a , r e , ,
o u t t o fi ht a n d d e p a t d N a s ir Mi r z a w e n t o n fo r B a d a k h s han
—
g r, e .
K hu s ra u S hah a ft e r c o ll e c t i n g a di s o rd e r ly ra bbl e g o o d a n d b a d ,
f 12 6 6 Hi a p es m bly
2 2
. . s r, r u a .
K AB U L
o f so m e p e rs o n s w e n t w i t h t he i n t e n ti o n o f l a yi n g s i e g e
, ,
to Q an d ii z
‘
, to K hw aj a C har-t aq o n e o r t wo y zg /zac/z o u t s id e it ,
.
(9 .
f
D ea t n o ) K nu s r a u s ee/z .
A t t he ti m e S ha ib aq K han a ft e r o v e rc o m i n g S u l t an A h m a d ,
Ta m 6a l a n d A n dij an m a d e a m o v e o n H i s ar his H o n o u r , ,
K hu s ra u Shah fl u n g a w a y h is c o u n t ry ( Q an d fi z a n d H i s ar)
I
wi t ho u t a bl o w s t ru c k a n d s a v e d h i m se l f T he re u p o n S ha ib aq
,
.
K han w e n t t o H i s ar in w h i c h w e re S he ri m t he p a ge a n d a fe w
g o o d b ra ve s T lz ey d id no t
. s u r re n d e r H i s ar th o u gh t h eir ,
ho n o u r a bl e b e g ha d fl u n g leis c o u n t ry a w a y a n d g o n e o ff t he y
m a d e H i s ar fa s t T he s i e g e o f H i s ar S ha ib aq K han e n t ru s t e d t o
.
H a m z a S l a n d M a hd i S u l t an we n t t o Q an d fi z g a v e Q an d fi z t o
.
,
2
,
his y o u n g e r b ro t he r M a h m ad S u l t an a n d b e t o o k h i m se l f wi t h o u t
,
d e l a y t o K hwariz m a g a i n s t C hi n Saf i B u t a s b e fo re he re a c he d .
,
S a m a r k a n d o n his w a y t o K hwariz m he he a rd o f t he d e a t h in ,
z o f h is b ro t h e r M a h m ad S u l t an he g a v e t ha t pl a c e t o
Q a n d ij , ,
Q a m b a r B i o f M a rv 3 .
Q a m b a r Bi wa s in Q an di i z whe n K hu s ra u Sh ah w e n t a g a i n s t
‘
it he a t o n c e s e n t o ff g a 110 pp e rs t o s u m m o n H a m z a S l a n d t he .
o t he rs S ha ib aq K h an h a d l e ft b e h i n d H a m za Sl c a m e h i m s e l f . .
—
a s fa r a s t he s a r ai o n t h e A m i1 b a n k w he re he u t h is s o n s a n d
p
be g s in c o m m a n d o f a fo rc e w h i c h w e n t d i re c t a g a i n s t K hu s ra u
S hah T he re w a s n e i t he r fi g ht n o r fli g ht fo r t ha t fa t lit t l e m a n ;
.
,
H a m z a S u l t an s m e n u n ho rs e d h im kill e d his s i s t e r s s o n
’
,
’
,
A h m a d —i-q as i m S he ri m t he p a g e a n d s e v e ra l g o o d b ra v e s H im
, .
t he y t o o k i n t o Q an d fi z t he re s t ru c k his he a d o ff a n d fro m t he re
,
s e n t it t o S h a ib aq K h an in K hw ar iz m 4 .
( r . C on du ct i n K a6u l
f K nu s r a u S ad /i s r et a in er s )
o .
J u s t a s K hu s ra u S hah ha d s a id t he y w o u ld d o his fo rm e r ,
re t a i n e rs a nd fo ll o w e r s n o s o o n e r t ha n he m a rc he d a g a i n s t
,
2
H e re H is H o n o u r t ra n s l a te s ly i o i l h
Bab u r
’
l
s c ea r r n ca o n o r ifi c pl u ra l .
2
T l l
hese t wo s u tan s , a m o s t a l w y m t i d i ll i
a m a y b e T i m fi r ids
s en one n a an c e , by
ma t e l de t ( I d x
rn a sc e n n e o ar a e oun no S f I hv f d di
r e c t s t a t e m e n t o f t h e ir
p t g My h b d h h w m
a re n a e us a n
. as s e n e wha t m a y b e o n e in ic a t io n o f it , v i z t ha t d .
tw o of th cl
e un f Sh ib aq K ha ( wh
es o a n o se k
in s m e n t h e s u t an s se e m t o b e ), Q fij-k fi nji l
and Si f j k w e
tn a , er f d ght
son s o a au e r o f t h e T i m fi rid A fi l ii h B eg S a m a r ka n di
g
‘
( H S ii, . . S ee Va m b éry s B u k/z ci r a

’
24 8 not e p . .
3 F o r t he ea t hs o f d
am a a n d Ma h m fi d , m e n t io n e
T bl in t he a o e s u m m a r o f d bv y
Sha ib aq
’
K
han s a c t io n s , see t h e S /z a i6an i -n a m a , Va m b éry , 3 23
' '
p . .
4 . .
’
K
H S ii, 3 2 3 , fo r hu s ra u Shah s c ha ra c t e r a n d e a t h d .
9 11 A H .
— J UN E
’
4 T H 15 05 TO MA Y 24 TE 1 5 06 A D .
2
( a . D ea t a o g f Q ut )
l ag
-n z d r K kan i m .
In t h e m o n t h o f M u h a r ra m m y m o t he r h a d fe v e r B lo o d .
wa s le t wi t ho u t e ffe c t a n d a K hu ras an i d o c t o r k n o wn a s S a yyid ,
T a bi b in a c c o rd a n c e w i t h t he K hu ras an p ra c t i c e g a v e he r
, ,
w a t e r-m e l o n b u t he r t i m e t o d ie m u s t h a v e c o m e fo r o n t he
, ,
S a t u rd a y a ft e r s ix d a y s o f i ll n e s s s he w e n t t o G o d s m e r c y ,
’
.
O n S u n d a y I a n d Q as i m K fi kfi ld as h c o n v e y e d he r t o t he
-
N e w y e a r s G a r d e n o n t he m o u n t a i n s ki rt w he re A fi lfi g h B e g
’
- 2
M i rz a ha d b u ilt a ho u s e a n d t he re w i t h t he p e r m i s s i o n o f his , ,
he i rs 3 w e c o m m i t t e d he r t o t he e a r th
,
W h il e w e w e re m o u r n i n g .
fo r he r p e o pl e le t m e k n o w a b o u t ( t he d e a t h o f ) m y y o u n ge r
,
K han dada A l a c ha K han a n d m y g ra n d m o t he r A i s an -d a u l a t ,
B e gi m 4 C l o s e u p o n K han i m s F o r t ie t h 5 a rr iv e d fro m K hu ras an

.
’
S hah B e gi m t he m o t he r o f t he K han s t o g e t he r w i t h m y m a t e rn a l ,
a u n t M i h r -n i g ar K h an 1m fo r m e r ly o f S l A h m a d M i rz a s na r a m
’
, .
,
6
a n d M u h a m m a d H u s a i n K zt r aa n D 22 6 lat a m e n t b ro k e o u t
' '
L
’
g .
a fre s h ; t he bi t t e r n e s s o f t he s e p a r ti n s w a s e xt r e m e W h en
g .
h
t e m o u r n i n g r i t e s h a d b e e n o b s e r v e d fo o d a n d vi c t u a l s s e t o u t
-
,
fo r t he p o o r a n d d e s tit u t e t he Q o ran re c i t e d a n d p ra y e rs o ffe re d , ,
fo r t he d e p a rt e d s o u l s w e s t e a d i e d o u r s e lv e s a n d a ll t o o k he a rt
,
aga i n .
(6 . A f u t ile f or Qa n da nar )
s ta r t .
W he n s e t fre e fr o m t he s e m o m e n t o u s d u ti e s w e
g o t ,
a n a rm y
t o ho r s e fo r Q a n d a har u n d e r t he s t ro n g i n s i s t a n c e of B aqi
2
E lp h . MS . f . 1 2 16 : Wi B.
-- . 2 15 f 12 6 a n d 2 1 7 f 10 6 6 ;
. . M m p 16 9
e s . . .
-dam a n a sz p bly t h d g d ll t h b t h
? 3g6
r e su m a Koh - am an , a n d t h e a r e n w i
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tag , e us e e one
of 1 .
3If t he se he irs w e re d
e sc e n a n t s o f A fi lii g h B e
g d o n e wou b e a t ha n in
’
M . ld d
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A bd
’
u r- raz z aq , t h e n a b o y, a n d a n o t h e r , a a u ht e r , w a s t h e w ife o f u q i m A rg /z un d g M .
A s Mr E rs in e n o t es , Mu sa lm an s a re m o s t sc ru u o u s n o t t o
. k ur t h e ir ea in p l b y d d
g ro u n a in edg d by v l
io e n c e o r w ro n g .
4 T he n e ws o f A h m a ’
s e at h wa s e ate d d bl
h e ie so m e 1 3 m o n t h s e ar ie r , in t h e d d d l
e n d o f 909 A H a n d in Ea st e rn. u r ist an e rha s T ke t a i s n o w a rr i e . P p d l vd .
5 i e t h e fo rt ie t h da
. .
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6
O f t ho se a rri in , t he rs t wo u v g fi ld
fi n d h e r s t e - a u h t e r e a , t he s e c o n h e r pd g d d d
d ’
l
$ 1s t e r, t he thir , his a t e w ife s s ist e r ( TR p . . .
246
9 11 A H .
— JUNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MA Y 24 T H 15 06 A D .
( ) -
'
C nag nan ian i . A t t heI we n t s t a rt v a r n aw a r to Q s n ad i r

a h .
w he re on d i s m o u n ti n g I g o t fe ve r It wa s a s t ra n g e s o r t o f .
ill n e s s fo r w he n e ve r wi t h m u c h t ro u bl e I ha d b e e n a w a k e n e d ,
m y e ye s c l o s e d a g a i n in s l e e p In fo u r o r fi v e d a y s I g o t .
q u it e w e ll .
( c . An ea r t hq u a ke .
)
A t t h a t t i m e t he r e w a s t ha t m o s t o f
a g r e a t e a rt h q u a ke
I
su ch
t he r a m p a rt s o f fo r t s a n d t he w a ll s o f g a rd e n s fe ll d o w n ho u s e s
w e re l e v e ll e d t o t he g ro u n d in t o w n s a n d vill a g e s a n d m a n y
p e rs o n s lay d e a d b e n e a t h t he m E v e ry ho u s e fe l l in P a g hm an
fl
.
vil l a g e a n d 70 t o 8 0 s t r o n g he a d s -o f-ho u s e s lay d e a d u n d e r

,
t he i r w a ll s B e t w e e n P a g h -m an a n d Be g -t fi t a pi e c e o f g ro u n d 2
.
,
a g o o d s t o n e -t h r o w 3 wid e m a y
- b e s l id d o w n a s fa r as an ,
a rr o w s - ig ht ;
’
w he re it ha d s l id s p r i n g s a ppe a re d O n t he .
ro a d be t wee n Is t a rg h a c h a n d M a id an t h e g ro u n d w a s s o b ro k e n
u p fo r 6 to 8 y ig /i a c n (3 4
6 — 8 m ) t h a t in s o m e pl a c e s it r o se a s .
h i g h a s a n e l e p h a n t in o t he rs s a n k a s d e e p ; he re a n d t he re
,
p e o pl e we re s u c k e d in W he n t he E a rt h q u a k e d d u s t ro s e fro m.
,
t he t o p s o f t he m o u n t a i n s N t i ru l lah t he t a m 6ou r c/z i 4 ha d

’
-
‘
b e e n pl a yi n g be fo re m e he ha d t w o i n s t ru m e n t s wi t h h im a n d
a t t he m o m e n t o f t he q u a k e h a d b o t h in h is h a n d s ; s o o u t o f
his o w n c o n t ro l w a s he t ha t t he t w o k n o c k e d a g a i n s t e a c h o t he r .
J a han g i r M i rza w a s in t he p o rc h o f a n u pp e r-ro o m a t a ho u s e

b u il t by A fi lti g h Be g M i rz a in T i p a ; w he n t he E a rth q u a k e d
‘
he le t h i m s e l f d o w n a n d w a s n o t h u r t b u t t he ro o f fe ll o n ,
s o m e -o n e w i t h h im in t ha t u pp e r -ro o m p re s u m a bly o n e o f his ,
o w n c i rc l e t h a t t h i s p e r s o n w a s n o t hu rt in t he l e a s t m u s t h a v e
be e n s o l e ly t h ro u g h G o d s m e rc y In T i p a m o s t o f t he ho u s e s ’
.
we re l e ve ll e d t o t he g ro u n d T he E a r t h q u a k e d 33 ti m e s o n .
t he fi rs t d a y a n d fo r a m o n t h a ft e rw a rd s u s e d t o q u a k e t w o o r
,
t h re e ti m e s in t he 2 4 ho u rs T he be g s a n d s o ld i e rs ha vi n g be e n .
2
Thi s ll k
w i b e t h e e a rt hq u a e fe t in A gr a o n Sa far 3r d 9 1 1 A H ( u l 5 t h 1 50 5 A D . J ly .
’
ki
E rs n e s IIi s t my cf I n di a i, 2 2 9 n o t e ) C f E io t a n d o wso n , iv , 4 6 5 a n d.
, 99 . ll D v .
2 ’
R a v e rt y s N ot es 69 0 p . .
3 6i r ki t t a t as /i at i m z
'
va r bas il at z m z
'
If t as /z b e r i ht , t he r e fe r e n c e wi
.
' ‘
. g ll
p b bly
ro a b e t o t he t hr o w o f a ca t a u t p l .
l
4 H e re a m o s t c e r t a in
, a ru m m e r , ly d
e ca u se t h e r e w e r e t w o t a m o u rs an d b
e ca u s e b b
l b ‘
a so B a u r u se s a adi 8
g lz a c/z a l i fo r t h e o t he r m ea n in s o f t a m 6o u r c/z i , u ta n is t a n d
: ’
g l
gu it a r is t d
T h e wo r h as fo u n it s wa y, as t a m 6ou rg i , in t o
. d h i e H a ro
’
s i rim a e C ld ld P l g g
C
( a n t o ii, ii lxx .
K AB U L
or d e re d p a i r t he b re a c he s m a d e in t he t o w e rs a n d ra m p a rt s
to re
o f t he fo r t ( K ab u l ) e v e ry t h i n g w a s m a d e g o o d a g a i n in 2 0 d a y s
,
o r a m o n t h by t he i r i n d u s t ry a n d e n e rg y .
'
- n l
( d . C a mp ai g n ag a i n s t Q a lat i -
g z z ai .
O w i n g t o m y i ll n e s s a n d t o t he e a rt hq u a k e o u r pl a n o f g o i n g ,
t o Q a n d a har h a d fa ll e n s o m e w ha t i n t o t he b a c k g ro u n d T he .
ill n e s s l e ft be h i n d a n d t he fo r t re p a i re d it w a s t a k e n u p a g a i n
W
.
,
e w e r e u n d e c id e d a t t he t i m e w e d i s m o u n t e d b e l o w S h n iz
I
w he t he t o t o Q a d a h a o t o o v e r -ru n t h e h ill s a n d pl a i n
r g o n r r ,
s .
J a han gi r M i rz a a n d t he b e g s ha vi n g a s s e m bl e d c o u n s e l w a s ,
t a k e n a n d t he m a tt e r fo u n d s e ttl e m e n t in a m o v e o n Q a l at On .
t h i s m o v e J a han g i r M i rz a a n d B aq i C nag li an ian i i n s i s t e d s t ro n g ly .
2 -
A t T azi t he re wa s w o r d t ha t S he r i a li t he p a ge with K i c hi k
- ‘
B aqi D iwan a a n d o t he rs ha d t ho u g ht s o f d e s e rt i o n ; a ll w e re
a r res t e d -
S he r i a li wa s p u t t o d e a t h b e c a u se he ha d g iv e n c l e a r
- ‘
s i g n s o f d i s l o y a lty a n d m i s d o i n g b o t h w h il e in m y s e rvi c e a n d
'
n o t in m i n e in t h i s c o u n t ry a n d in t h a t c o u n t ry 3
, T he o th e rs .
w e re le t g o wi t h l o s s o f ho rs e a n d a rm s .
O n a rr ivi n g a t Q a l at w e a tt a c k e d a t o n c e a n d fro m a ll s id e s ,
w i t ho u t o u r m a il a n d wit ho u t s i e g e -a ppl i a n c e s A s ha s be e n .
m e n ti o n e d in t h i s H i s t o ry K i c hi k K h w aj a t he e ld e r b ro th er o f , ,
K hwaj a K a l an w a s a m o s t d a r i n g b ra v e he ha d u se d his s w o rd
,
in m y p re se n c e s e v e r a l ti m e s he n o w c l a m b e re d u p t he s o u t h
w e s t t o w e r o f Q a l at wa s p r i c k e d in t he e y e wit h a s p e a r w he n
,
a l m o st u
p a n d d i e d
, o f t h e w o u n d t w o o r th r e e d a y s a ft e r t he
pl a c e wa s t a k e n H e re t ha t K i c hi k B aqi D i w an a w ho ha d b e e n
.
a r re s t e d w he n a bo u t t o d e s e r t w i t h S he r -i-a li t he p a e e xpi a t e d
‘
g ,
h is b a s e n e s s by be i n g k ill e d wi t h a s t o n e w h e n h e w e n t u n d e r
t he r a m p a r t s O n e o r t w o o t he r m e n d i e d a l s o
. F i g ht i n g o f .
t h i s s o rt w e n t o n till t he A ft e rn o o n P r a y e r w he n j u s t a s o u r ,
m e n w e re w o r n -o u t wi t h t he s t ru g g l e a n d l a b o u r t ho s e in t he ,
fo rt a s k e d fo r p e a c e a n d m a d e s u r re n d e r Q a l at ha d b e e n g iv e n .
by Zii n -n fi n A rg /n Zn t o M u qi m a n d in it n o w w e re Mu qi m s
’ ’
‘
re t a i n e r s F a rru k h A rg a n a n d Q a r a B ilat ( A fg han ) W he n

, .
t he y c a m e o u t wi t h t he i r s w o rd s a n d q u iv e rs ha n g i n g ro u n d
2
Kab l -G h i d ( R s N t i d e x s
u az n r oa .
’
o es n . n .
2
Yari Ta i i o t he G h i -Q lat -i-gh il ai oa d ( R s N t s A ppe n d ix p
va r . . z s n az n a z r .
’
o e ,
.
3i . i K ab l
e . n d i t he T s-
u H im l y
an co t y n ra n a a an un r .
K AB U L
b ra v e s ,
t o r t u re d as t he y w e re by t he pa n gs of hu n g e r ; at last in
K ah-m a rd he g a ve 50 ,
Spi t e o f a c k n o w l e d g i n g m e fo r his ch ef i (p ads nan) , he h a d

n a g a re t s be at e n G a t e H e w a s s i n c e re t o n o n e ha d
at h is o wn .
,
re g a r d fo r n o n e W ha t r e ve n u e t he re is fro m K ab u l ( t o w n )
.
c o m e s fro m t he t a mg /z a ; t he w ho l e o f t h i s h e h a d t o g e t he r
2
,
wit h t e d h ip K b l h h G a d a i ( v a r K id i )
h a r o
g a -s h in a u a n d P a n j i r t e ,
.
H a zara a n d tIn a luk a n d c o n t ro l o f t he G a t e 3

,
W i t h a ll t h i s
2
.
fa v o u r a n d fi n d i n g he w a s n o t in t he l e a s t c o n t e n t ; q u it e t he
,
re v e rs e ! W ha t m e dl e y o f m i s c h i e f he pl a n n e d ha s b e e n t o ld
w e ha d t a k e n n o t t he s m a ll e s t n o ti c e o f a n y o f it n o r ha d w e ,
c a s t it in h is fa c e H e w a s a lwa y s a s k i n g fo r l e a v e a ffe c t i n g
W
.
,
s c ru pl e a t m a ki n g t he re q u e s t e u s e d t o a c k n o w l e d g e t he .
s c ru pl e a nd e xc u se o u rs e lve s fr o m g ivi n g t he l e a v e T hi s .
w o u ld p u t him d o w n fo r a fe w d a y s ; t he n he w o u ld a s k a g a i n .
H e w e n t t o o fa r w it h h is a ffe c t e d s c ru pl e a n d h is t a ki n g s o f
l e a v e ! S i c k w e re we t o o o f h is c o n d u c t a n d his c ha ra c t e r e . W
g a v e t h e l e a ve h e r e p e n t e d a s ki n g fo r it a n d b e g an t o agit at e
a a i n s t it b u t a ll in v a i n !
g ,
H e g o t w r i t t e n d o w n a n d s e n t t o
“
me , H is H i g hn e s s m a d e c o m p a c t n o t t o c a ll m e t o a c c o u n t till
n i n e 4 m i s d e e d s h a d i s s u e d fr o m m e I a n s we re d w i t h a re m i n d e r .
o f e l e v e n s u c c e s s iv e fa u l t s a n d s e n t t h i s t o h im t h ro u h M u ll a
g
B ab a o f Pa shag ha r H e s u b m i t t e d a n d wa s a l l o we d t o g o .
t o w a rd s H in d ii s t an t a k i n g h is fa m ily a n d p o s s e s s i o n s
, A fe w .
o f h is r e t a i n e rs e s c o r t e d h im t h ro u g h K ha ib a r a n d re t u r n e d he
j o i n e d B aqi Gag ian i s c a ra v a n a n d c ro s s e d a t N i l-ab ’
.
D a ry a K han s s o n Y ar-i-hu s a i n w a s t he n in K a c h a -ko t 5

’
, ,
ha vi n g d ra w n i n t o h is s e rvi c e o n t he w a r ra n t o f t he f a r m an ,
t a k e n fro m m e in K o h at a fe w A fg han s o f t he D il a z ak ( v a r ,
.
6
D il a h z ak) a n d Y as u f z ai a n d a l s o a fe w J a t s a n d G u j ars
- - .
Wi t h t he se he b e a t t he ro a d s t a k i n g t o ll wit h m i g ht a n d m a i n ,
.
Th t it
2
e se ra n s or c u st o m d
u t ie s a re so ca ll d b
e e ca u se t he d ut a i bl e a rt ic e s l a re
t m p d w it h t mg / a d p
'
s a e a a z ,
a wo o e n st a m .
P h p t hi w d i
2
er a s s or s a n e q u iv a e n t l of P e rs ian g os / n,
‘
a ta x o n catt e a nd l b e a st s
ofb d ur en .
B aq i w
3 ly as o ne o n an d n ot
he a o f t he L o r s o f t h e ate t he d d G .
4 T he c h o i
c e o f t h e n u m e r n in e , in s o n re s u m a b
t o t he m l k p bly y s t ic vl
a u e a t ta c h e d
t o it e g T a rkhan s h a d n in e
. . r i i e es ift s w e r e m a e p vl g
n in e s g d by .
5 It is n e
a r H a sa n - a a ( A i-A bd l
a rr e t t , ii, . .J
6
F o r t h e f a r m an , f 14 6 6 fo r u ars , . of G j G . I .
9 11 A H .
-JUNE 4m 15 05 T O MAY 24 m 15 06 A D .
H e a ri n g bo u t B aqi he bl o c k e d t he ro a d m a d e t he w ho l e p a rty
a , , Fol
. 1 60 .
p r i s o n e r kill e d B aqi a n d t o o k his w i fe

W
.
,
e o u rs e lv e s h a d le t B aqi g o w i t ho u t i n j u r i n g him b u t his ,
o wn m i s d e e d s r o s e u p a g a i n s t him h is o w n a c t s d e fe a t e d h im .
L ve t h t F t th m w h d e t he e w
ea g ou o a e e an o o s ro n
F Ft i gi g vit or a e s a n a v en n ser or .
(f . A t t a ck on t ne T u r ki n an H a z ar a s .
)
T ha t w i n t e r we j u st sa t in t he C har -b ag h til l sno w ha d fa ll e n
o n ce o r t wice .
T he T u r k m an H a z ara s s i n c e w e c a m e i n t o K ab u l ha d d o n e
W
, ,
a v a r i e t y o f i n s o l e n t t h i n g s a n d h a d r o bb e d o n t he ro a d s e .
t ho u g ht t he re fo re o f o v e r u n n i n g t he m w e n t i n t o t he t o wn t o
r -
,
A fi lii g h Be g M i rz a s ho u s e a t t he B as t an -s a rai a n d t he n c e ro d e
’
’
o u t in t he m o n t h o f S ha b an ( F e b
‘
1 50 6
W
.
e ra id e d a fe w H a z ara s a t J a n g li k a t t he m o u t h o f t he ,
D - i -kh h ( H ppy -v a lle y ) S o m e w e re in a c a ve n e a r t he I

a r a fi s a .
v a ll e y -m o u t h h id i n g p e rha p s S ha ik h D a rwi s h K ii kfi ldas h w e n t

’
.
,
(A t S i mian D w a ) H h d be w it h m i t h g ill
'
t u n o e on ar is . e a en e n e uer a
tim e was M t - m o s, e ( ou d e w t g b w d sh t g d sh ft
as e r a r ur r r r a s ro n o an o a oo a .
i n c a u t i o u s ly r i g ht ( a u g) u p t o t he c a v e -m o u t h wa s s ho t ( a iZgla6) ,
in t he n ippl e by a H a z ara i n s id e a n d d i e d t he re a n d t he n ( a ii g) .
2
A s m o s t o f t he T u r k m an H a z ara s s e e m e d t o b e w i n t e r i n g
i n s id e t he D a ra -i-khfi s h w e m a rc he d a g a i n s t t he m ,
.
T he v l l e y is s hu t in by a m il e l o n g g u lly s t re t c h i n g i n w a r d s
a 3 -
,
fro m it s m o u t h T he r o a d e n g i rdl e s t he m o u n t a i n h a vi n g
.
,
a s t r a i g ht fa l l o f s o m e 5 0 t o 6 0 y a r d s b e l o w it a n d a b o v e it
a p re c ipi c e H o rs e m e n g o a l o n g it in s i n g l e -fi le
. e pa sse d . W
t he g u lly a n d w e n t o n t h ro u g h t he d a y t il l be t w e e n t he T w o
P r a y e rs ( 3 p m ) w i t ho u t m e e t i n g a s i n g l e p e rs o n H a vi n g s p e n t
. .
t he n i g ht s o m e w he re w e fo u n d a fa t c a m e l 4 b e l o n g i n g t o t he ,
H a z ara s ha d it kill e d m a d e p a rt o f it s fl e s h i n t o 6 a 6a6s 5 a n d

, ,
2
K h w e sh
var . . fl
It s w a t e r o w s in t o t h e G h fi r - u n s t re a m ; it s e e m s t o b e t h e b d
D T k
a ra -i- u r m an o f S t an fo r a n d t h e Su r e a s d
o t h o f w hic h m a r J a ng li k F o r v yM p b k .
b l
H a z ara t u r u e n c e , f 1 3 56 a n d n o t e . .
2
p
T h e r e e t it io n o f a id] in t his s e n t e n c e ca n ha r b e a c c i e n ta dly d l .
3 ta u r
[da r a ] , wh ic h ta e t o b e u r i , r o u n , c o m e t e I k T k d pl .
4 hr e e MSS o f t he
T T k
u r i t e t w r it e 6i r s i m i z l u x
g t z w a li ; b u t t h e t wo P
' '
e rsia n
'
t ran s a t io n s h a e y a k s au t u r l uof a r ma, a s lz u t u r l zi g e in a a

l v b g b gg g l l l
'
a e-
'
c a m e w it h it t e
ha ir ( E rs in e ) k .
5 6 r oc/z et t es m e a t c u t in t o a r e m o u t hfu s s itt e

, , a n d ro as t el g l p d d .
co o ek d p a r t in a e w e r (f
a t a 6 ) S u c h g o
be e n t a s t e d s o m e c o u ld n o t t e l l it fro m m u t t o n
o d c a
N e x t day we m a rc he d o n fo r t he H a z ara wi n t e r -c a m p A t
K AB U L
m
. e l - e s h h a d n e v er
.
fl .
t he fi rs t w a t c h ( 9 a m ) a m a n c a m e fro m a he a d s a yi n g t ha t t he
.
,
H a z ara s h a d bl o c k e d a fo r d in fro n t wi t h b ra n c he s c he c k e d o u r ,
m e n a n d w e re fi g ht i n g T ha t wi n t e r t he s n o w lay ve ry d e e p
.
t o m o v e w a s di i c u lt e x c e p t o n t he ro a d
. T he s w a m py m e a d o w s .
( t u k -a6
) a l o n g t h e s t r e a m w e r e a ll fro z e n t h e s t r e a m c o u ld o n ly
b e c ro s se d fro m t he r o a d b e c a u s e o f s n o w a n d ic e T he H a z ara s .
ha d c u t m a n y b ra n c he s p u t t he m a t t he e xit fro m t he w a t e r a n d
,
w e re fi g hti n g in t he v a ll e y b o t t o m w ith ho r s e a n d fo o t o r r a i n i n g
-
a r r o w s d o w n fro m e i t h e r s id e .
M u ha m m a d A li Mu 6a s 6 s nir B e g o n e o f o u r m o s t d a r i n g
‘ 2
b ra ve s n e w ly p ro m o t e d t o t he ra n k o f b e g a n d w e ll w o rt hy o f
fl
,
fa v o u r w e t l
,
n a o n
g t h e b r a n c h -bl o c k e d r o a d w i t ho u t h is m a il ,
w a s s ho t in t he b e lly a n d i n s t a n t ly s u r re n d e re d h is l i fe As .
w e ha d g o n e fo rw a rd in h a s t e m o s t o f u s we re n o t in m a il , .
S ha ft a ft e r s ha ft e w by a n d fe ll wi t h e a c h o n e Y fi s u f s A h m a d ’
s a id a n xi o u s ly B a re lik e t h i s y o u g o i n t o it ! I ha ve s e e n
2
,
t w o a r ro w s g o c l o s e t o y o u r h e a d S a id I D o n t fe a r ! ’
fl
,
M a n y a s g o o d a rro ws a s t he s e ha v e fl o w n p a s t m y he a d So
m u c h s a id Q as i m B e g his m e n in fu l l a c c o u t re m e n t 3 fo u n d
, , ,
a fo r d o n o u r r i g ht a n d c ro s s e d B e fo re t he i r c ha rg e t he H a z ara s
.
c o u ld m a k e n o s t a n d ; t he y e d s wi ft ly p u r s u e d a n d u n h o rs e d
,
o n e a ft e r t he o t he r by t ho s e j u s t u p w i t h t he m .
In g u e rd o n fo r t h i s fe a t B a n g a s h w a s g iv e n t o Q as i m Be g .
H at i m t he a r m o u re r ha vi n g b e e n n o t b a d in t he a ffa i r w a s ,
p ro m o t e d t o S ha ik h D a rwi s h s o ffi c e o f q r -6eg i B ab a Q u li s ’
.
’
K i p ik (s ic) a l s o w e n t w e ll fo rw a r d in it s o w e e n t r u s t e d Mu h , .
‘
A li Mu 6a s 6 s /z ir s ’
o ffi c e t o him .
S l Q u l i C niZn aq
.
( -
o n e e a re d)
p u rs u i t o f t he H a z ara s
s t a rt ed in
b u t t he re w a s n o g e t t i n g o ut o f t he h o ll o w b e c a u s e o f t he s n o w .
F o r m y o w n p a rt I j u s t w e n t wi t h t he s e b ra v e s .
N e a r t he H a r w i
z a a n t e r -c a m p w e fo u n d m a n y s he e p a n d
he rd s o f ho rs e s I m y s e l f c o ll e c t e d a s m a n y a s 4 t o 5 0 0 s he e p
.
2
P e rh a p
h e wa s o ffi c ia
s lly
a n a n no u n c e r t he w o r m e a n s a s o d l b e a re r o f g d oo n e ws .
2
l
y i tang , w it h o u t m a i , a s in t h e c o m m o n h ra s e y ig i t y i lang , p '
a b a re b v
ra e .
a fi p cl un , o f ho rs e a n d m a n ( f 1 1 36 a n d n o t e )
'
3 . .
K AB U L
B e c a u se of t he i i
p a i n p e o pl e
s c at c , l i t te r m ade a sor t of
fo r m e in w h i c h t he y c a rr i e d m e a l o n g
t he b a n k o f t he B aran
an d i nt o t he t o w n t o h B fi a s a rai T he re I s t a y e d fo r
t e s t n - .
a fe w d a y s be fo re t ha t t ro u bl e w a s o fi r a b o il c a m e o u t o n
m y l e ft c he e k t h i s w a s l a n c e d a n d fo r it I a l s o t o o k a p u rg e .
W he n re li e ve d I w e n t o u t i n t o t he C har-b ag h
,
.
( h . Mis con du ct of ja hang i r Mi r z d ) .
At t he J a han g i r M i rz a w a i t e d o n m e A y 11b s s o n s
time
’
'
Y as u f a n d B u hlfi l w ho w e re in h is s e rvi c e ha d t a k e n u p a
, ,
s t r i fe fu l a n d s e d i t i o u s a tti t u d e t o w a r d s m e ; s o t he M i rz a w a s
n o t fo u n d t o b e w h a t he h a d b e e n e a r li e r In a fe w d a y s .
he m a rc he d o u t o f T i p a in his m a il hu rr i e d b a c k t o G ha z n i ,
I
,
t he re t o o k N an i k ill e d s o m e o f it s p e o pl e a n d pl u n d e re d a ll
, .
A ft e r t ha t he m a rc he d o ff wi t h w ha t e v e r m e n h e ha d t hro u g h ,
t he H a z ar a s h is fa c e s e t fo r B am i an G o d k n o w s t ha t n o t h i n g
2
.
,
h a d be e n d o n e by m e o r m y d e p e n d a n t s t o g iv e him g ro u n d
fo r a n g e r o r re p ro a c h W ha t w a s he a r d o f l a t e r o n a s p e rha p s
e xpl a i n i n g h is g o i n g o ff i n t he wa y h e d id w a s t h i s W he n ,
—
Q as i m Be g w e n t w it h o t he r b e g s t o g ive h im ho n o u r i n g ,
m e e t i n g a s he c a m e u p fro m G h a z n i t he M i rz a t h re w a fa l c o n ,
o ff a t a q u a il J u s t a s t he fa l c o n g e t t i n g c l o s e p u t o u t it s
.
, ,
p o u n c e t o s e ize t he q u a il t he q u a il d ro pp e d t o t he g ro u n d
,
.
H e re u p o n s h o u t s a n d c r i e s
“ T a k e n ! is it t a k e n ? S a id
W
,
“
Q as i m Be g ho l o o s e s t he fo e in h is g r ip P
, T he i r
m i s u n d e rs t a n d i n g o f t h i s w a s t he i r s o l e re a s o n fo r g o i n g o ff b u t ,
t he y b a c k e d t he m s e lv e s o n o n e o r t w o o t he r w o rs e a n d w e a k e r
o ld c r o n i s h m a t t e rs 3 A ft e r d o i n g in G ha z n i w ha t ha s b e e n
.
m e n t i o n e d t he y d re w o ff t hro u g h t he H a z ar a s t o t he M u g h al
,
2
i e . . fig
p p
re a re tod ht .
2
T k M g
F o r t h e H a z ara ( u r i ,M d in ) o n t h e
’
i rz a s r o a
’
see R a v e r t y s ro u t e s fro m
G g v by
haz n i t o t h e n o r t h p
A n ac cou nt i e n
. J“
g t h e T an kh i r a s hi di (
- -
'
1 9 6 ) o f a h an i r s
' ’
.
d g d p
o in s is c o n fu s e l
; it s dly
a re n t h e t ic a ( a t t he sa m e t im e ) c a n h a r b e c o rr e c t .
J g l G
a h an i r e ft b l Kb l
ha z n i n o w , ( 9 1 1 k
a s B a u r e ft a u in 9 1 2 A H w it h o u t n o w .
l dg
e d
e o f H u sa in s
’
b d
ea t h ( 9 1 1 b JB a u r ha d he a r it ( f 1 8 36 ) e fo r e a h angi r .
j d
o in e him ( 9 1 2 g y g
a ft e r t h e ir m e e t in t he w e n t o n t o e t h e r t o H e ri T he .
T p k
p e t it io n o f w h ic h t h e d by J g b
R s ea s a s m a e
. . g a han i r t o B a u r , t h a t h e m i ht g o
K
in t o lp
hu ras an a n d h e M v b d
t h e B ai -q a ra g
i rz as m u s t ha e e e n m a e a ft e r t h e m e e t in
ll
o f t he t w o a t S a f- hi ( f .
pl l
3 T he
p d g d d b
u ra s t hey a n d t he i r o f t he M
re c e in s e n t e n ce s t a n no o u t fo r t he i rz a,
Y p ld l d
as u f a n d B u h l fi l w ho a ll ha d s u c h u n is hm e n t d u e a s w o u ea t h e m t o he a r t hrea t
d ’
p
i n Q as im s w o r s n o w wh e n a l l we r e w it h in Bab u r s
’
o u nce .
9 11 A H .
— JUNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MAY 24 T H 15 06 A D .
c la n s Th e s e c l a n s a t t ha t ti m e h a d l e ft N as i r M i rz a b u t
.
I
ha d
n ot j i
o ne d t h e A fi z b e g a n d w e re in Y ai A s t a r -ab a n d , , t he
s u m m e r -p a s t u re s t he re a bo u t s .
Mi rz a ca lls )
' '
(i . Sl .
H u s a in p
u h elp a
g a in s t S ha i6ag K han .
Sl . H u sain p e l Sha ib aq
M i rz a ,
h a vi n g re s o lve d to re K han ,
s u m m o n e d a ll h is s o n s ; m e t o o h e s u m m o n e d s e n di n g t o m e ,
S a yy i d A fz a l s o n o f S a yyid A li K hw a6-6t u ( S e e r -o f-d re a m s )

,
‘
.
It w a s r i g ht o n s e v e ra l g ro u n d s fo r u s t o s t a r t fo r K hu r as an .
O n e g ro u n d w a s t h a t w he n a g re a t ru l e r s i t t i n g a s S l H u s a i n , , .
M i rz a s a t in T i m ar B e g s pl a c e h a d re s o lve d t o a c t a g a i n s t
,
’
s u c h a fo e a s S ha ib aq K han a n d ha d c a ll e d u p m a n y m e n a n d
ha d s u m m o n e d h is s o n s a n d his be g s if t he r e w e r e s o m e w ho ,
w e n t o n fo o t it w a s fo r u s t o g o if o n o u r hea d s if s o m e t o o k
t he bl u d g e o n w e w o u ld t a k e t he s t o n e !
,
A s e c o n d g ro u n d w a s
t ha t s i n c e J a han g i r M i rz a ha d g o n e t o s u c h l e n g t hs a n d h a d
,
be ha ve d s o b a dly we h a d e i t he r t o d i s p e l h is re s e n t m e n t o r t o
,
2
re p e l h is a t t a c k .
(j C hi n Saf i s dea t h )
’
. .
T hi s y e a r S ha ib aq K han t o o k K hw ar iz m a ft e r be s i e g i n g C hi n
S af i in it fo r t e n m o n t hs T he re ha d be e n a m a s s o f fi g ht i n g .
d u ri n g t he s i e g e ; m a n y we re t he bo ld d e e d s d o n e by t he
K hwar i z m i b ra ve s n o t hi n g s o e ve r did t he y l e a v e u n d o n e A g a i n .
a nd a ain t h i h t i w h t h t t h i r a r ro w s pi e r c e d
g e r s o o n g a s s u c a e
s h i e ld and c u i ra s s so m et i m es t h e t w o c u i ra s s e s 3
,
F or ten .
m o n t hs t he y s u s t a i n e d t h a t s i e g e w it ho u t ho p e in a n y q u a rt e r .
A fe w b a re b ra v e s t he n l o s t he a rt e n t e re d i n t o t a lk wi t h t he ,
A fi z b e g a n d w e re in t he a c t o f l e t ti n g h im u p i n t o t he fo r t
wh e n C hi n S af i ha d t he n e w s a n d w e n t t o t he s p o t J u st a s .
he wa s be a t i n g a n d fo r c i n g d o w n t he A iiz b e g s his o wn p a g e , ,
in a d i s c ha rg e o f a rro w s s ho t him fro m b e h i n d N 0 m an wa s , .
l e ft t o fi g ht ; t he A fi z be g s t o o k K hwariz m G o d s m e rc y o n .
’
2
Th e se a re the m ags fro m wh ic h t h e fi ght in g -m e n w en t e a st wit h Ba u r in
ai
'
b
9 10 AH . and t he l
fa m i ie s in whic h N asir sh e h e r e a c ro ss H in u - u sh (f 1 5 4 a n d p dd d k .
f.
2
y a m an lz h 6z la 6ar di
' '
cf . f. 1566 a n d n . fo r it s o pp o s it e , y a khs hi 6ar dz lar ;

' '
and
TR p . . . 19 6 .
3 O n e m i ht b e g of m ai l , t he o t her o f wa dd d c l
e o th .
K AB U L
C hi n S af i w ho n e v e r fo r o n e m o m e n t
,
c e a se d to s a t ke his l i fe
fo r his c h i e f !
2
S ha ib aq K han e n t ru s t e d K hw ariz m to Kfi p uk ( s ic ) Bi and
we n t b a c k t o S a m a rk a n d .
(h D . ea t h o f S u l t an H u s a in M
M i rz a ha vi n g le d his a r m y o u t a g a i n s t Sha ib aq
S l H u s ain
.
K han a s fa r a s B aba I l ahi w e n t t o G o d s m e rc y in t he m o n t h 2 ’
—Ma 6
jj ( jj h h
’
o f Zfi l i Z l h i
’
-h a fi - a 1 1 t 9 1 1 A H y s t 1 5 0 .
S U L T AN H USA I N M IR Z A AND H IS C O U RT 3 .
( )
a . H is hir t h an d des cen t .
H e wa s ( u h
b o rn
M a r r a m ) 8 4 2 (
in H e ri
A H ( H a r at ) ,
in .
J u n e J u ly 14 3 8 A D ) in S hahr u k h M i rz a s ti m e 4 a n d w a s t he
—
,
.
’
s o n o f Ma n fi r M z q a ra M i r z a s o n o f U m a r ‘
s i r a s o n o f B ai -
, ,
S ha ik h M i rz a s o n o f A m i r T i m ar M a n s ar M i rz a a n d Bai
,
.
q a ra M i rz a n e v e r r e i g n e d .
H is m o t he r w a s F i r ti z a B e gi m a ( g re a t -)g ra n d c h ild ( n a 6i r a )
‘
o f T i m ar B e t h r o u h he r h e b e c a m e a
g g r a n d c h ild o f M i r an
g ;
s h ah a l s o 5 H e w a s o f h i g h bi r t h o n b o t h s id e s a r u l e r o f ro y a l
.
,
2
Chi S f in w a s H
il u sa in B a i - ar d s man
y ( H is a r u o u s e f TR p
en ce, . . . d d
l b d
fa it hfu n e ss a n d a a n o n m e n t r e c a t he in sta n c e o f a a t e r t im e wh e n a so a o n roa ll l l l g d
db
s t re t c he e t we e n t h e m a n a n d t h e h e t ha t fa i e h im Bu t t he lp
i rz a w a s o ld, his l d . M
l y g d
m i it a r s t r e n t h w a s , a m itt e , sa e c a se ; dly
h e n c e his e e r pp d by hart um , h is ld K
ne gl G d
ec t o f h is or on .
ld
It sho u d b e n ot e t ha t n o m e n t io n o f t h e
’
a e s fa t a a rro w is m a e t he pg l d by
S ha i 6an i n am a ( Va m b éry,
- or p .
- -
t h e T afi hh i r a s hi di ( by hi n S fi fi s
’ ’
p . C
d e a t h w a s o n t he 2 15 t o f t h e Se c o n a i 9 11 A H ( A ug 2 2 n d 1 5 0 5 dR b . .
T re n c h Ma p o f 1 9 0 4 , o n t he H e ri - u s h F K k
”
2
his m a y b e t h e Ba b o u le i o f t he
Ma rfi ch aq roa d
W
.
3 El h
p M S .f 12 7; .
-i -B . 2 1 5 f 1 3 2 a n d 2 1 7 f 1 1 16 ;
. . ems . 1 75 . M . p .
Mem s i, 36 4 . .
T
ha t B a u r sh o u b ld v v
ha e g i e n his a o r io u s a c c o u n t o f t h e o u r t o f H e ri se e m s d u e l b C
b o th t o o a t l y ly
t o a re a t T i m ii rid , se a t e g in T i m t i r B e s
'
’
a c e (f d a n d t o h is
'
g pl .
l
o w n in t e r e s t , a s a m a n o f e tt e r s a n d c o n n o is se u r in e c e e n c e , in t ha t r u e r s
- -
’
a a x ll l g l xy
o f t a e nt l H is a c c o u n t h e re o e n in is n o t c o m e t e
. p g
it s s o u rc es a re a r io u s pl t he v y
l d
in c u e t h e H a 6l 6u s -s iy ar a n d w ha t h e w i ha e e a rn e h im se f in H e ri o r fro m
’ '
ll v l d l
b
m e m e rs o f t h e Bai -q a r a fa m i , n o w e ea ly k l dg bl
e w o m e n so m e o f t he m , wh o w e r e wit h
h im in IIin dt i s t an T h e n a r r o w s c o e o f m y n o t e s she ws t ha t t he a t t e m t n o m o re
’
. p y p
d
t h a n t o in ic a t e fu r t h e r s o u rc es o f in fo r m a t io n a n d t o c e a r u p a fe w o s c u r it ie s l b .
4 T i m fi r’
s o u n e st so n , y g
8 50 A H ( 14 4 6 d . C f H S iii, 2 0 3 . T he u se in . . . .
t h is s e n t e n c e o f A m i r a n d n o t B eg a s T i m ti r s t it e is , u p t o t his
’
o in t , u n iq u e in t he
'
l p
B a6u r n am a
- it m a y b e a sc ri e s e rro r
’
b .
5 F i rt i z a ’ s
'
t
a e rn a in ep o f e s c e n t w ll
a s a s f o o d
w s z — F i r t iz a
,
a u h t e r o f S l H ll
us a in
'
d g .
Q j ,
a n at s o n o f A k a B e g i m , a u h t e r o f T i m fi r d g
H e r m a t e r na e sc e n t w a s z— F i r ii z a
.
, ld
d . o f Q fi t lfi -
q s u t an B e i m , l o f i r a n -g
sh ah , s o f d M
. i m ar She ie Mu h 2 4 t h 8 74 A H . T . d d . .
J ly
( u a st h 1 4 8 9 H S iii, AD . . .
K AB U L
T h i s q u a t ra i n re c a ll s o n e by t he Mu lla K i c hi k M i rz a m a d e .
I
t he c i rc u it o f t he ha 6a t o w a rd s t h e e n d o f h is l i fe
‘
.
B a dka ( B a di u l -j a m al ) B e g i m a l s o w a s o ld e r t ha n t he M i rza
‘ ’ 2
.
S he wa s g iv e n in t he g u e r ill a t i m e s t o A h m a d K han o f H aj i
t a r k han ; 3 by him s he ha d t wo s o n s ( S l Ma h m ijd K han a n d .
B ah ad u r S l ) w ho we n t t o H e ri a n d w e re in t he M i rz a s s e rvi c e
.
’
.
H is ap p ea r a n ce a nd ha 6 i t s .
y e d ( g zy ih g zZz ln ) a n d lio n z b odie d be i n g

l
'
He wa s s a n t -e _ ,
-“ 0 ‘ “ w c
s le n dé F fro m t he w a i s t d o w n w a r d s
’
E v e n w he n o ld a n d w h it e .
b ea rd ed he wo re silk e n g a r m e n t s o f fi n e re d a g d g re eg H e
"
, m . a .
u se d t o w e a r e i t he r t he bl a c k l a m b s ki n c a p ( 6ar h) o r t he
b F -d a w u ld s o m e ti m e s s e t u l i l
'
ci l a 4 t t t t
g p g u o n a ,
e a s y o p a e
t hre e -fo ld t u r b a n w o u n d b ro a d a n d b a d ly 5 s ti c k a he ro n s
’
, ,
pl u m e in it a n d s o g o t o P r a y e rs .
W he n he fi rs t t o o k H e ri he t ho u g h t o f re c i t i n g t he n a m e s o f ,
6
th e Tw e lv e I m a m s in t h e hh u t 6a b u t A li -s he r B e g a n d o t h e r s ,
‘
p re v e n t e d it ; t here a ft e r a ll his i m p o rt a n t a c t s w e re d o n e in
a c c o rd a n c e wit h o r t ho d o x la w H e c o u ld n o t p e rfo r m the .
w
P ra y e rs o n a c c o u n t o f a t ro u bl e in t he j o i n t s 7 a n- fl
d -fl-
h e
k ep t no
w
, n
a t. 1 u
n i n m t wo n
H e w a s l iv ely a n d p le a s ant ; r a t he i i m m o d e ra t e in t e m p e r
'
l
'
a n d w ith w
_
or d s t hat tha t c he d hi
we igh he o n c e
t o t he A v e n g e rs o f bl o o d a s o n o f h is o w n w ho ha d
Ki chik M q t i is m pl gi i m f J am i s whi h I m i d ebt e d t o m y

2
.
’
s u a ra n a e re a ar s o
’
c a n
h b d f
us l ca t i g s i t h D i w a I O MS 4 7 p 4 7 B M A dd 7 774 p 2 90 ;
an or o n a n e n . . . . . . . .
and A dd 77 75 p 2 8 5 M Be l i i t p t t h v
. e xp s i . f th i . . n n er re s e e rs e a s a n re s o n o e r se
of t h e ve g e go d m a t m yst ica l pt
ra t his l p f m bst i o c t an o ra u re , no as a se ro a nen e o
i d l g c (l
n u xvii 2 9 6 d t )
en e . c .
, an n o es .
2
E lp h MS y g b t H i MS old
. i whi h it is s pp t e d by t h e
. ou n lo er u a . . er n c u or a s
( ha m ) o f t he s en t e n c e .
3 mo d
A st ra ha n e rn k
Hu sa in s u e ri a wa rs w e re t ho s e t h ro u h whic h he c u t his
.
’
g ll g
wa y t o t h e t h ro n e o f H e ri his e gi m wa s m a r r ie rs t t o P i r B u a h Sl ( H S iii,
. T b dfi d g . . .
24 2 ) he in , sh e w a s m a rr ie dy g Ahm a , r e su m a e i ra t e c u st o m d by d p bly by l v
(y i n h a l z h f 1 2 a n
'
d n o t e ) B y . A h m a s h e h a d a a u h t e r , s t y e h a n -
.z a a Be im d d g l dK d g
who s e a ffa ir s fi n d c o m m e n t o n f 2 0 6 a n d H S iii, 3 5 9 ( T h e et a i s o f t h is n o t e . . . . d l
g v
n e at i e a su gg
e s t io n o f m in e t ha t Ba dka wa s t h e a i a -s u tan o f f 16 8 ( G u l - a a n ,
‘
Rb l . bd
Ap p s . .
4
T
his is a fe t w i e -a wa e wo rn l d
t ra e e rs in ho t w e a t h e r ( Sha w ) t he k u r m an by v ll T k
b o n n e t ( E rs in e ) k .
5 H ai M
S y a m an h h, a , b u t E lp h MS n a m ay a n , wh e n ce E rs in e s s howy
b dly ’
k
'
. . . . .
6
T p
his w as a ro o f t ha t h e w a s t h e n a Shi a ( E rs in e )
‘
k .
7 T he wo r d
p e rfor m m a y b e e c u s e in s e a in o f u sa m an ra e rs e ca u s e t hex d p k g M l p y b y
v lv
in o e ce r e m o n ia e n in s a n d lb d g
ro s t ra t io n s ( E rsk in e ) p .
9 11 A H .
- JUNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MA Y 24 T H 15 06 A D .
- a t e ( D ar u l
’
k ill e d a m an and J u d g m e n t, g ha d h im t a k e n t o t he
ga )
z a H e w a s a b s ti n e n t fo r s ix o r s e v e n y e a rs a ft e r he t o o k
.
t he t hro n e ; l a t e r o n he d e g ra d e d h i m s e l f t o d r i n k D u r in g t he .
m 4 “
a l m o s t 4 0 y e a rs o f his rnle in K h u ras an t he re m ay n o t ha v e 2
b e ém g in g le d a y o n w h i c h he did ridt dr i n k éiiéi ihé M id d a y

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p ra y e r -" e ar li e r t ha n t ha t ho we ve r he did n o t drink ha t .
,
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e ve ry -o n e p u rs u e d vi c e a rid pl e a s u re t o e x c e s s B o ld a n d d a r i n g .
he w a s ! Ti m e a n d a g a i n he g o t t o w o r k wi t h h is o w n s w o r d ,
g e t t i n g his o w n h a n d in w he re v e r he a rr a y e d t o fi g h t n o m an
o f T i m ar B e g s li n e ha s be e n k n o w n t o m a t c h him in t he s l a s h i n g
’
o f s w o rd s H e h a d a l e a n i n g t o p o e t ry a n d e v e n p u t a di w an
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w r iti n g in T u rk i w i t h H usa i n i fo r h is p e n n a m e
- ~
t o g e t he r
2
fl
.
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M a n y c o u pl e t s i n his di w a n a re n o t b a d ; it is ho we ve r in o n e
A 30
a n d t he s a m e m e t re t h ro u g ho u t G r e a t r u l e r t ho u g h h e w a s .
,
b“o t h b _t he l e n g t h o f h is r e i g n ( y a s h) a n d t he b re a d t h o f his
y v , “ _
d o m i n i o n s he y e t l ik e lit t l e p e o pl e ke pt fi g hti n g ;-ra m s e w

, ,
p i g e o n s a nd fo u g h t c o c k s .
( )
c . H is w a r s a n d e n cou n t e r s 3 .
He G u rg an -w a t e r 4 in h is g u e r ill a d ay s a n d g a v e
swa m t he
a p a r t y o f A fi z be g s a g o o d be a t i n
g .
A g a i n —wi t h 6 0 m e n he fe ll o n 30 0 0 u n d e r Pa y -m a s t e r
,
M u h a m m a d A li s e n t a he a d by S l A b a-s a i d M i rz a a n d g a v e ‘
, .
‘
,
t he m a d o w n r i g h t g o o d be a t i n g ( 8 6 8 T h i s w a s his o n e
fine t -s t a n di n f t -o f-a r m s 5
o u , g e a .
A g a i n — he fo u g ht a n d b e a t S l Ma h m ti d M i rz a n e a r A s t a rab ad
, .
( 5
8 6
I f Bab 40 i l d l i H i ly it ve t t i e Yadg a d i d i
2 ’
ur s nc u e ru e n er on , o r s a e s, s nc r e n
8 75 A H d H i m 9 1 1 A H whil t h
. an t v i g 36 y i l d th 5
u sa n 6 . e e i n er en n ea rs nc u e e or
t mpe t If t he 4 0
e ra e o n e
s t f m 8 6 1 A H wh e H i beg
.
t l M v co u n ro . n u sa n an o ru e 1n er ,
it d -t t
un It i
er s a es d mb pp t ly . s a ro u n nu e r, a a re n .
R lyi g t h Ilm i ky t x t D R i w l d i t t he m i t k f w it i g t h t
2
e n on e ns e , r . eu as e n o s a e o r n a
B ab ga e H i th w gp m i H i d t H
u sa n i i (T k C t e n -n a
g)
u v e ro n e, . e . u sa n , an no u sa n ur . a .
25
p .
3 D l au at -sh ah sa s t h a t a s y bl
h e is n o t a e t o e n u m e ra t e a l l H u sa in s fe a t s -o f-a rm s , h e , ’
T km a ur n fa sh io n , o ffe r s a g ift o f N in e T h e N in e iff e r fro m t h o s e o f B ab u r s ist in

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d l
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so e a es t he y a re a so l r e co r s o f d ic t o r o n v
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5 2 1 , N ot et E x t r iv , p . . .
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l .
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, v . . c o rn e r o f t he C pi
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e t w e en u ss ia a n d e rs ia T he n a m e R P . v i s g d d l MSS ar e a oo ea 1n .
5 T he b l -
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a t t e w a s a t T a r s hi z ; A b u sa i d w a s r u in l g H i D l t shah (l c p in er au a 5 23)
i
. . .
v
gi e s 9 0 a n d 10 , 00 0 a s t h e n t m b e rs o f t h e o p o se p df s! o rc e
6
f 2 6 6 a n d n o t e H S iii, 2 09 ;
. a u a t shah . . D l p 523 . .
K AB U L
A g a i n , — t hi s l in A s t a rab ad he fo u g ht and be a t ‘
a so , S a i d li q
S a id ‘
H u s a i n T u r hnz an ( 8 7 3 A H P)
,
so n o f . .
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g t,
h e— t h r o n e ( o f H e ri in R a m z an 8 7 3 A H .
M a rc h 14 6 9 he fo u g ht a n d b e a t Y ad g ar -i-m u h a m m a d M i rz a
a t C h a n aran ( 8 7 4
A ga i n co m in s wi ft ly f m h M u r h- b b r id e -he a d ( S a r
2
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,
he lay d ru n k in t he R a ve n s -g a r d e n ( 8 7 5 a vi c t o ry w h i c h
’
k e p t a ll K hu ras an q u i e t .
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,
—
.
s a rai in t h e n e i g hb o u r ho o d o f A n d ikh ti d a n d
A ga i n he fe ll s u dd e n ly o n A b a-bik r M i rz a 4 a ft e r t ha t M i rz a
,
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j o i n e d by t he Bl a c k -s he e p T u r k m an s h a d c o m e o u t o f I raq ,
‘
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b e a t e n A fi lijg h Be g M i rz a ( K ahu li ) in T a k an a a n d K him ar

‘
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v a r m a
.r t a e n a u e f e,
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c ro s s e d K h a ib a r t K h a h -ab a n d M u l t an o n a a i n t o
g o n e o n o s , g ,
S i wi 5 t he n c e t o K a r m an a n d u n a bl e t o s t a y t he re h ad e n t e re d
, , ,
t he K hu ras an c o u n t ry ( 8 8 4
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‘ ’
c h i r ag h ( 9 0 2 A H ) he a l s o d e fe a t e d his s o n s A b ti l m u h s i n
’
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M i rz a a n d K ap u k ( R o u n d -s ho u ld e re d ) M i rza a t H a lwa-s p ri n g
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,
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r o s e fro m b e fo r e it ( 9 AH )
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ei h d he w e n t i n t o Zt i
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t e r a n ,
0 1 n n tin s .
c o u n t ry w a s iv B t by it d a h d id m r e a n d re t i re d
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, s r o g a n o o ,
( 3
9 0 A ru l e r s o g re a t a n d s o b ra v e a ft e r r e s o lvi n g ro y a lly ,
o n t he s e t h re e m o v e m e n t s j u s t re t i re d wi t h n o t h i n d o ne
g ,
l
T he o s e r w a s t h e a st S hahr u khi r u e r
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.
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t hre e c o n t in u o u s a s a n d n i ht s dy g .
3 f 2 6 ; H S iii, 2 2
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7; D S .
5 3 2 . . .p . .
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h e e ca m e h is fa t h e r s
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Hu sa in B ai ga r a s a u ht e r Be i m Su t an a t
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a ( a e a ft e r 8 7 p
Zi ( f 6 8 d H S i ii 6 9 , 34 3 7 D S 535)
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r
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bk
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ea a e nd o f R j b 8 84 A IL -O
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a ft e r i ht flg b
e fo r e H u sa in a c ro s s t he G ga -w t ur n a er ( H S iii . .
,
19 6 a n d 2 3 7 b ut D S .
p 5 39 , S a fa r 8 8 5
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M u z a ffa r-i-h u s a i n M i rza wa s a n o t he r ; h e w a s h is fa t he r s

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fa v o u r1t e so n , b u t t ho u g h t h i s fa v o u r i t e ,
h a d n e i t he r a c c o m pli s h
It wa s S l H u s a i n
M z v fo n d n e s s
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m e nts no r c ha r a c t e r . i r a s o e.r -
fo r t h i s s o n t ha t le d h is o t he r s o n s i n t o r e be lli o n T he m o t h e r .
o f S h a h -i-
g h a ri b M i r z a a n d o f M u z a ffa r -i-h u s a i n M i rz a w a s
B i S A h s a i d M i r z a by
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,
r m e r m s t r e s s o f l fi - .
who m s he h a d ha d a d a u g ht e r a l s o k n o w n a s Aq ( F a i r) ,
B e gi m .
b h u s a i n M i rz a a n d K ap u k ( v a r
’
T wo o t e r sh o n s w e er A fi l - .
K i p ik) M i rz a w ho s e n a m e w a s M u h a m m a d M u h s i n M i rz a ;
t he i r m o t he r w a s L a t i f-s u l t an Ag hac ha
fl
.
A b ti -t u rab M i r z a w a s a n o t he r F ro m his e a r ly y e a rs he .
h a d a n e x c e ll e n t re p u t a t i o n W he n t he n e w s o f h is fa t he r s ’
.
i n c re a s e d illn e s s re a c he d h im a n d o t he r n e w s o f o t he r k i n d s
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,
e d w i t h h is y o u n g e r b ro t he r M u ha m m a d -i-h u s a i n
M i rz a i n t o I r aq a n d t he re a b a n d o n e d s o ldi e r i n g t o l e a d t he
‘
,
2
d a rw i s h —l i fe n o t h i n g fu r t he r ha s b e e n he a r d a b o u t him 3 H is .
s o n S o h r ab w a s in m y s e rvi c e w he n I t o o k H i s ar a ft e r h a vi n g
b e a t e n t he s u l t an s le d by H a m z a S I a n d M a hd i S l ( 9 17 A H . . .
15 1 1 he w a s bli n d o f o n e e y e a n d o f w r e t c he dly b a d
a s p e c t ; h is di s p o s i t i o n m a t c h e d e v e n h is ill -l o o k s O wi ng t o .
so m e i m m o d e r a t e a c t ( 6i i t idal ) h e c o u ld n o t s t a y w it h m e s o
‘
, ,
w e n t o ff .F o r s o m e o f his i m m o d e ra t e d o i n g s , N i j m S an i p u t
him t o d e a t h n e a r A s t a r ab ad 4 .
M u h a m m a d -i-h u s a i n M i rz a w a s a n o t he r H e m u s t ha ve b e e n .
s h u t u p ( 6u n d) wi t h S hah I s m a i l a t s o m e pl a c e in I raq a n d
‘ ‘
h a v e b e c o m e h is d i s c ipl e ; 5 he b e c a m e a r a n k he re ti c l a t e r o n
a n d be c a m e t h i s a lt ho u h h is fa t he r a n d b re t h re n
g o ld e r a n d ,
y o u n g e r w e re a ll o rt ho d o x H e d i e d in A s t a rab ad s till o n t he
, .
,
s a m e w ro n o a d s t ill w i t h t he s a m e a b s u r d o pi n i o n s A g o o d
g r ,
.
d e a l is he a rd a b o u t his c o u ra g e a n d he ro i s m b u t n o d e e d o f h is ,
2
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6i h u z ar z , whic h m a y m e a n a e rs io n d u e t o K h a dija B egi m s m a e o e n c e
'
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lvl .
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raq c h r o n ic e l d by
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wit h T i m fi rids , d d
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m a r , so n s o f U
i ran sh ah ( L a n e
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Mu ha m m a da n D y n as t ies , a e o f t he T i m fi rids )
T bl .
3 He ied db e fo r e h is fa t h e r ( H S iii, . .
4 H
e wi ll b
k ll d p v
ha v e e e n i e re io u s t o R
a m z an 3r d 9 18 A H ( N o v 12 t h , 1 5 1 2 A D . . .
d
t h e a t e o f t he b l d
a t t e o f G h aj- a wan w h e n N i m S an i ie j d d .
5 T he 6 u n d he r e m a ly
y n o t im p t ha t o t h w e re in b
r is o n , b u t t ha t t h e p
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in c o se c o m a n , a o w in gI l ‘
v
s m a i , a fe r e n t S hi a , t o c o n e rt t h e
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i rz a v M .
9 11 A H .
- JUNE 4 T H 15 05 TO MA Y 24 T H 15 06 A D .
s tan ds out as w o rt hy o f re c o r d . H e m ay ha ve b e e n p o e ti c a lly

d i spo se d he re is a cou pl e t of h is
G rim e d w ith d u st , fro m t ra c in w ha t k g g am e d o st t ho u come ?

St e e pe d i w n s e a t , fro m wh o se h e a rt o f fl am e d o st t ho u com e P
F d -i-hu sa n i M i rz a w a s a n o t he r He d re w v e ry s t ro n g
’
a ri ti n . a
bow and s ho t a fi rs t -ra t e s h a ft p e o pl e s ay h is c ro s s -b o w
( ha m an -i -g u r oha ) b m a y h a ve
6 m d H hi m l f w I
e e n 4 0 ci t n s e s e a s .
v e ry b ra v e b u t he ha d n o l u c k in w a r he wa s b e a t e n w he re ve r
h e fo u g h t He a.n d h is y o u n g e r b r o t h e r I b n -i- h u s a i n M i rz a
w e re d e fe a t e d a t R a b at i d fi z d ( v a r D u d t i r ) by T i m ar S l a n d
- -
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. .
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U b a id S l l e a d i n g S ha ib aq K han s a dva n c e ( 9 1 3 A H P) b u t he
.
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,
h a d d o n e g o o d t h i n g s t he re In D am g han he a n d M u h a m m a d .
2
i-z a m an M i r z a 3 fe ll i n t o t he ha n d s o f S ha ib aq K han who k ill i n g ,
i
n e t he r let b
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o t h g o f r e e F a ri d fi n -i-h u s a i n M i rz a w e n t l a t e r o n
.
t o Q a l at 4 w he re S hah M u h a m m a d D i w an a h a d m a d e h i m s e l f
fa s t t he re w he n t he A fi z b e g s t o o k t he pl a c e he w a s c a pt u re d ,
and kill e d T e h t h .re e s o n s l a s t -n a m e d w e re by M i n g l i B i bi
Ag hac ha S l H u s a i n M i rz a s A fi z b e g m i s t re s s
’
. .
,
H a id a r M i r z a w a s a n o t h e r h is m o t h e r P a y a n d a -s u l t an B e gi m
wa s a d a u g te r f S A b s a i d M i rz a H a id a r M i rz a w a s ‘
h o l ii - . .
G o ve r n o r o f B a lk h a n d M a s hha d fo r s o m e t i m e d u ri n g his fa t he r s ’
l i fe F o r h im his fa t he r w he n b e s i e g i n g H i s ar ( 9 0 1 A H ) t o o k
.
, .
( gB e a B e g i m ) a d a u g h t e r o f S l M a h m t i d M i r z a a n d K h a n -z ad a .
‘
B e gi m ; t h i s d o n e he ro s e fro m b e fo re H i s ar O n e d a u g ht e r
, .
o n ly 5 w a s b o r n o f t ha t m a r r i a g e ; s he w a s n a m e d S had ( J o y )
T h e 6at m a n is a T k
u r ish w e i h t o f 1 31 b s ( Me n in sky ) o r 1 5 h ( o a st o n )
g T he W ll
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.
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w e i ht se e m s i e l k ly
t o r e fe r t o t h e s t re n t h em an e fo r ro u n in t he b o w ( ha m an g d dd d g
g u r oha - s i ) i e a s m u c h s t r e n gt h a s t o
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.
sta n d g g
fo r s t rin in o r ra w in d
T h e m e a n in c an ha r g b e o n e o f t h e w e i ht o f t h e
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E rs in e r e a g a r dehie h fo r g u r oha (
. d
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ou gd
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ll g
in t h is fo o w in I lm in sk y who m a y h a e fo o w e E rs in e T h e El p h a n d H a i v ll d k
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. d d g l g '
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g iv e n t o hi m and as w as fi t ti ng w i t h t h i s a d a u ht e r o f
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A fi lfi g h Be g M i rz a ( B e g a B e gi m ) w a s s e t a s id e fo r h im ,
w he n ,
s he w e n t t o H e ri ( 9 0 2 S l H u s a i n M i rz a m a d e a s pl e n did .
tti
fe a s t s e n g p u ,
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ta g fo r i t T h o u g h Q a n d a har .
2
w a s g iv e n t o Mu h Ma s ii m M i rz a he h a d n e i t he r p o w e r n o r
‘
.
,
i n fl u e n c e t he re s i n c e if bl a c k w e re d o n e o r if wh it e we re d o n e
, , , ,
t he a c t w a s S h ah B e g A rg hii n s O n t h i s a c c o u n t t he M i r z a
’
.
l e ft Q a n d a har a n d w e n t i n t o K hu ras an H e d i e d be fo re h is .
fa t he r .
F a rru kh i h u s a i n M i rz a w a s a n o t he r B r i e f l i fe w a s g ra n t e d
- - .
t o him he b a d e fa re w e ll t o t he w o r ld b e fo re his y o u n g e r b ro th e r
I b rahi m -i—hu s a i n M i rz a .
2
H e wa s t he so n o f a h i Sl .
M d
(f 3 20 6 ) a n d t h e fa t her o f A q i Sl A uz 6eg ( A N . .
‘
l . . .
d x
in e s v l
Se e ra m a t t e r s su e s t t ha t t he s e m e n w e r e o f t he Sha an A fi z b eg s
. gg b
w h o in t e rm a rr ie w it h H u sa in B ai oa r a s fa m i d
- ’
a n d s o m e o f who m w en t t o B a u r 1n ly b
d
H in u st an O n e s u ch m a t t e r is t ha t
. a u w a s t h e re f u e o f K b l
is o ss e s s e H a rat i s , g d p d
_
a ft e r t he A u z b e g c o n q u e st ; t ha t t h e r e Aq i m a rrie
‘
l
Sha B ai ya r d a n d t ha t A i w e n t
‘
d d dl
o n t o Ba u r b
o reo e r . haf i M v K K
han m a e s a s t a t e m e n t w h ic h ( if c o r re c t ) wo u k ld
ll ‘
a o w A d il s fa t h e r
’
ah i t o b e a M d
ra n so n o f Hu sa in B ai - g d
qa r a ; t his s t a t e m e n t is
t ha t w h e n B a u r e fe a t e b d d
t h e A fi z b e g s in 9 16 A H ( 1 5 10 h e fr e e fro m t he ir . d
p v y
c a t i it d d
t w o so n s ( e sc e n a n t s ) o f h is a t e r n a u n c e , n a m e p
a h i S l a n d S u tan l l dM d . l
M i rz av g [L e a in t he a u t h e n t ic it o f t h e s ta t e m e n t a si e fo r a m o m e n t , it w i b e
. y d ll
b vd
o se r e d pl
t ha t t h is in c i e n t is o f t h e sa m e a t e a n d d ll v a c e a s a n o t h e r w e - o u c he fo r , d
n am ely b k ll d M d
t ha t B a u r t h e n a n d t h e r e i e a h i S l A n z 6o
g a n d H a m z a Sl A u z 6eg . .
d
a ft e r g e fe a t in W
t he m ] k v K K
ha t m a e s in fa o u r o f. haf 1
’
han s c o r re c t n e s s i s , n o t
only b M d
t ha t B a u r s fo e
’
k a h i 15 n o t v dl l
n o w n t o h a e ha d a s o n
‘
A i , b ut a s o t ha t h is
l M
Su t an i rz a
”
yl
18 n o t a s t ly g
e so c e r t a in ds u it in b l
H a m z a a s it o e s a Sha an s u t an ,
b l
o n e w h o s e fa t h e r wa s a S ha an s u tan , a n d w h o se m o t h e r wa s a M d g ’
i rz a s a u ht e r .
M v p
o r e o e r t his d fi p d by
o in t o f i e n t i c a t io n is r e s se d g
t h e c o rr e c t ne ss , a c c o r in to
l
o r ie n t a l p K K
s t a t e m e n t o f re a t io n sh i , o f p l
haf i l han s
’
b a t e rn a u nc e (o f Ba u r ),
b p
e ca u s e t h is ly r e c ise M
s u it s S l H u sa in ly b l
i rz a w it h wh o se fa m i . t h e s e Sha an su t an s
ll d
a ie lv
t h e m se e s d d K K
O n t h e o t he r ha n it m u s t b e sa i t ha t
. haf i
’
han s s ta t e m e n t
gl x b k ly l
is n o t in t h e E n ish t e t o f t he T am hh -z -r a s hi di , t h e o o o n w hic h h e m o s t
" '
re ie s
fl
p d b d py s MS [ Cdx
’
a t t h is e r io , n o r is it in m y hu s a n a co fro m t h e R a m p ii r o e ] a nd .
dd d
t o t h is m u s t b e a v b l bj
e d ll d
t h e e r a o e c t io n t h a t a m o ic u m o f rh e t o r ic a o ws a ea th
t o be d b db
es c ri e T k o t h in P ur i and l p v y
e rs ia n , a s a re e a se fr o m t h e c a t i it
’
o f a s in n e r s
o wn a c t s (f ll K K
St i . haf i g d
h an m a y b e r i h t ; his s ta t e m e n t m a y ye t b e fo u n
in so m e o t h e r MS o f t h e TR b py g '
o r s o m e di e r e n t s o u rc e
. . it is o n e a s c r i e c o in
.
t he T R g . . by
m i h t b e l e d t o o m it d k ll g
r e a s o n o f 1t s c o in c i e n c e sl T h e i in a n d t he re e a se .
b g
m a y o t h b e r i ht ; M d ‘
Ad il s ’
b l k
a h i m a y b e t he Sha an s u t an inf e re n c e m a e s h im
se em Thi l itt l
. p h m e th s e d f m ch t t t i
e cr u x t th l r e ss e s th o e n e o u a en on o e a c u n a e 1n e
B a6 am
ur n i i th m l t m x it d m
a, s n ce t i n f Bab e d m ti
a re os so e e s an so e en r es o ur s
’
ra a s
p p t i t ly m t i
e r son a e , f t h d t h f M hd i wit h H m
er nen , i 9 16 A H
en on d o e ea o a a za n . an
p ibly l t h t f Adil M h di l
o ss a so a o
‘ ’
s a
’
5 re e a s e .
2
A ha -t ag m y b cl g t t i i g i t f d o m s h vi g f p he
r
'
a e a ar e en r s n n o o ur e or a n our o rc s .
K AB U L
to M u ll a K hwaj a o f t he l i n e o f S a yyid At a H e r t h i rd a n d .
2
fo u rt h d a u g h t e rs B e g a B e gi m a n d Ag ha B e g i m s he g a v e t o ,
B ab u r M i rz a a n d M u rad M i rz a t he s o n s o f he r y o u n g e r s i s t e r ,
R abi a -s u l t an B e gi m
‘
.
2
T w o o t he r d a u g h t e rs o f t he M i rz a w e re by M i n g l i B i bi
Ag h ac h a T h e y g a.v e t h e e ld e r o n e B a i r a m -s u l t a n B e g m to
i ,
S a yyid A bd l lah o n e o f t he s a yyid s o f A n dikhti d w ho w a s

u - ‘ ’
a g ra n d s o n o f B ai -q a r a M i r z a 3 t h r o u g h a d a u g ht e r A so n o f .
th si m a rr i a g e S a yyid B a r k a 4 w a
,
s i n m y s e r vi c e w h e n S a m a r k a n d
w a s t a k e n ( 9 17 A H I 5 1 1 he w e n t t o A ii rg a n j l a t e r a n d
.
—
t h e r e m a d e c l a i m t o ru l e ; t he R e d - h e a d s 5 kill e d him in A s t a rab ad .
M i n g l i B i bi s s e c o n d d a u g ht e r w a s F at i m a -s u l t an B e gi m ; he r
’
6
t he y g a v e t o Y ad g ar ( i fa rr u k h ) M i rz a o f T i m fi r B e g s li n e
’
- - .
T h re e d a u g ht e rs 7 w e re by P ap a Ag hac ha O f t he s e t he .
o ld e s t S u l n iz h ad B e g i m w a s m a d e t o I k d
t a n - o o u t t o s a
, g n ar
M i rz a y o u n g e s t s o n o f S l H u s a i n M i rz a 5 e ld e r b ro t he r B ai -q a ra
,
.
’
M i rz a T he s e c o n d ( S a ad a t -b a k ht k n o wn a s ) B e gi m S u l t an
.
,
‘
, ,
8
w a s g ive n t o S l M a s ad M i rz a a ft e r h is bli n di n g By S l M a s ud
‘ ‘ '
. . .
2
Khwaj a Ahm a d Yas a w i , k n o wn a s Khwaj a A t a, fo u n d er of t he Yas a wi re ligi o us
or d er .
N o t n in m e n t io n
2
fi d g of a
_
hd g
t e r o f A b u sa id n a m e
au a i a-s u t an ,
‘
dR b ‘
l I t hi k h n s e
m a y b e t h e a u ht e r s t d g yl d e g ’
A q B e i m wh o 15 N o 3 in G u l a a n 5 u e s t . bd g li t f th
s or e
My t i F s c e a st .
Thi m
3 s an It k a e t o b e H u sa in
’
s g ra n df
a t he r a n d n o t b t he b th bec
ro r, A bd l
o a u se
‘
u
’
lah wa s o f Husa in s a n d his ro t he r s e n e ra t io n , a n d a so e c a u s o

’
g b ’
e a se n e re l b e f th b c he
’
o f B ab u r s u s u a e n in ld fi
wo r s e er g
r o t he r ld b
( o f Sl d
u sa n rz n a e . H i M i a) I t h is I h v .
to d iffe r fro m D r R
ie u ( e rs C a t
. P p . . .
4 So - n am e d
a ft e r h is a n c e st o r Sa i B a r a w h o se o yy d wa s e h u m e fro m A n i k b dy x d d
k d b l
hu fo r r e u ria 1n Sa m a r a n , k d by T
im u r s w ish a n d t he r e a i 1n s u c h a o s it io n t ha t
’
l d p
T im u r s
’
o b dy
w a s a t it s fe e t ( Zaf a r n am a ii, 7 19 H S iii, ( F o r the a o e . . bv
in t e r e st in eta i gd lI a m in e t e t o m y h us a n d b d
) b d .
5 P g
Qi z i l 6as h, e rs ian s w e a rin re d a es o r ca s t o ist in g u ish t he m a s e rs ia n s b dg p d P .
6
Yadg ar -i fa rru h Mi r an s hahi ( H S iii, k H e m a y h a e e e n o n e o f t ho s e . . v b
M i ran sh ahi s o f
‘
I
raq fro m w ho m ca m e Aka s a n d S u l t an i m s h u s a n s , A hm a
’ ’
a nd b d d
‘
A bd b u l - aqi ( ff 1 6 4 ,
’
.
7 T his s h o u b e fo u r ( fld T he H S ( iii, 3 2 7 ) a so n a m e s t h re e o n

. wh e n . . l ly
giv in gP p ’
d
a a Ag h ac ha 5 a u g h t e rs ( t h e o m is sio n in in i t w it h t he B N b u t e se wh e re l k g . . l
gv
( iii, 2 2 9 ) i t i e s a n a c co u n t o f a fo u r t h ir s m a r ria e t h is fo u r t h 1s n e e e t o m a ’e
’
g l g dd k
u p t he t o t a o f 1 1 l a u h t e rs d g
B a u r s a n d K h wan d a m i r 5 e t a i s o f a a Ag h ac ha s
’
- ’
. b d l P p
q u a r t e t t e a re e fe c t i e d v
t h e fo o w in m a y b e a m o r e c o rr e c t ist ll g
B e im S u t an l g l
( a f r e q u e n t t it e ), m a rr ie l t o A b a - i r Ill i r an - d
s hahi ( w ho bk
ie 8 8 4 A H ) a n d s e e m in
'
d d . g
t o o o ld t o b e t h e o n e ( N o 3] who m a r rie as a
‘
.
( H S iii ,
2 2 9) ( ) 2 S u t an dM d
-n iz h ad
, . . l
d Ik d
m a rr ie t o s a n a r B ai qa r a -
3) Sa
‘
a a t - a ht a s o n o w n a s B e i m S u t an , m a rr ie d bk l k g l d
to M ‘
a s ii Mi r an -s hahi ( H S iii,
'
d (4 ) M a na u w a r -s u t an
. .
, m a rr ie t o a so n o f l d
A fi l fi g h B e g K a 6 u li ( H S iii,
’
. .
3
T
his a ft e r
”
s e e m s t o c o n t ra ic t t h e s ta t e m e n t ( f 5 8 ) t ha t
‘
as a d wa s m a e t o . M d d
k l
n e e as a s o n - in -la w ( huy a dli h-hé y uhan da r iw) a t a a t e r e io u s t o h is in in , d p v bl d g
’
g
b u t t he s e e m in c o n t ra ic t io n m a y b e e d
a in e c o ns i e r in t h e fo o w in xpl
eta i s d by d g ll gd l
9 11 A H — . JUNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MA Y 24 T H 15 06 A D . 26 7
M i rz a s he ha d o n e d a u g hte r a n d o n e s o n T he d a u ght e r w a s .
b ro u g ht u p by A p aq B e gi m o f S I H u s a i n M i rz a s ha r a m fro m .
’
'
H e ri s he c a m e t o K ab u l a n d w a s t he re g ive n t o S a yyid M i rz a
( S d b k h t ) B m S l f h A b kill ed
‘
A p aq aI
t - i t a t t fi
a
. a a e g u n a e r e z e g
‘
he r h u s b a n d s e t o u t fo r t he ha 6a wit h he r s o n
,
N e w s ha s j u s t .
2
c o m e ( ci r ca 9 34 A H ) t ha t t he y h a v e be e n h e a r d o f a s in M a kk a .
a n d t ha t t he b o y is b e c o m i n g a b it o f a g re a t p e rs o n a g e 3 P a p a .
Ag h ac ha s t hi rd d a u g ht e r w a s g ive n t o a s a yyid o f A n d ikhti d

’
,
ge n e r a lly k n o w n a s S a yyid M i r z a 4 .
A n o t he r o f t h e M i r z a s d a u g ht e r s A y i s h a -s u l t a n B e g i
’
m w as ,
‘
by a m i s t re s s Z u b a id Ag h c ha t he g ran d d a u g ht e r o f H u s i i
a a ,
- a n -
S ha ik h T i m ii r 5 T he y g a ve he r t o Q as i m S l o f t he S ha b an
‘
. .
l
s u t an s ; s he h a d by h i m a s o n n me
a d Q a s i m -i -hu s a i n S l w ho ,
.
c a m e t o s e rv e m e in H in d fi s t an w a s in t he H o ly B a ttl e with ,
6
R an a S a n g a a n d was g ive n B a d ay an ,
W he n Q as i m S l d i e d . .
,
( h i s wid o w ) yA is h a -s u l t a n
‘
B e g i m w a s t a k e n by B a r a n S l o n e .
o f h is re l a ti o n s 7 by w ho m s he h a d a s o n n a m e d A bd u l - lah S l
‘ ’
.
, ,
n o w s e rvi n g m e a n d th o u g h y o u n g n o t d o i n g b a d ly ,
.
( f H i
.s w iv es a n d co n cu 6i nes .
)
wi fe he fi rs t t o o k w a s B e g a S u l t an B e gi m a d a u g ht e r o f
T he ,
S I S a nj a r o f M a rv S he w a s t he m o t he r o f B a di u z a m an
‘ ’
. z - .
M i rz a S he w a s v e ry c ro s s -t e m pe re d a n d m a d e t he M i rz a e n d u re
.
he l H e ri has t i ( f
e ft ly
we n t t o hu sra u S hah a n d was
. K
in e by him , — a ll in bl d d
t he l
as t t wo m o n t hs o f 9 0 3 A H ( 149 8 a f t e r t h e n e e i
.n o n
Za
’
l -
q a
‘
a 3r d , k l g d
(J u n e 2 3 )
rRv
d ig d
n t h e a e n s
’
- ar en H e r e wha t B a u r sa ys is t ha t t he B e i m wa s
. b g
gv bl d g
i e n (6i r z 6 ) a ft e r t h e
'
in in , t h e in fe r e n ce a o we e in t ha t t h o u h
‘
as i i ha d ll db g g M '
d
k l d b
n ee e bl d g
e fo r e t h e in in , she had r e m a in e in h er fa t he r s h o use t i h is re t urn
’
d ll
bl d g
a f t e r t he in in .
2
fi W
T he rs t -i- B writ e s . A p aq Be gi m .
( L O 2 1 5 f 1 3 6 ) whic h wo u a o w . . ld ll
yy d M
Sa i k
i rz a t o b e a ins m a n o f A p aq B e i m , wife o f H usa in B ai -qa r a g .
T b
2
y vy
h is rie f su m m a r c o n e s t h e im r ess io n t ha t t he B e i m w en t o n he r i rim a e p g p lg g
ly a ft e r Ma s fi d s
d Aft e r Ma s fi d s m u r e r , g d
‘ ’
s h o rt e a t h ( 9 1 3 A H P), b u t m a y b e w r o n
‘ ’
— .
by M
o n e Bi m ash i rz a, dar og ha o f Sa ra hs , a t Sha ib aq
’
k
han s o r e r , s h e was m a rr ie K d d
by M
Bi m as h ( H S iii, . H o w o n a ft e r t his s he we n t t o
. . a l g
a is n o t sa i M kk d
b b
it w as a o u t 9 34 A H w h e n B a u r h ea r o f he r a s t h e re . d .
T
3 his c au s e is in t he H a i MS b u t n o t in t h e E lp h MS ( f
l . . or
’
e hr s . . . K
p
( Ilm in sky, P o r in e it h e r
. e rs ia n t ra n s a t io n T h e b o y m ay ha e e en 1 7 o r 18 l . v b .
T
4 pp k
his a ea rs a m ist a e ( f 16 8 fo o t , a n d n o t e o n a a s a u h t e rs ) .
’
P p d g .
5 1 7 16 .
6
9 33 A H -1 52 7 .
(f AD . .
7 P
r esu m a bly
t his was a y z n hali h ma rr ia g e ; it iff e rs fr o m so m e o f t ho s e c hro n ic e
' '
d ld
l
a n d a so fro m a l e v it a t e m a rr ia e in n o t e in m a e wit h a c hi g ess w if e b g
( C f in e d ldl . . d x
s n y i n hali h )
. . .
K AB U L
much w re t c he d n e s s u n til d r iv e n a t l a s t t o d e s p a i r he s e t hi m s e l f
, ,
fre e .
by d ivo rc i n g he r W ha t w a s he t o do ? R i g ht w a s with him
. .
2
A b d wif i g o d m s h se a e n a o an
’
ou
M akes t hi wo ld l dy his h ll s r a re a e .
2
God p re se rv e e ve ry M u s a l m an fro m t h i s m i s fo rt u n e ! W o u ld
t h t t i n l e c r o s s o r ill -t e m p e r e d w i fe w e r e l e ft in t he w o rld !
a n o a s g
C hal i B e gi m w a s a n o t he r ; s he w a s a d a u g ht e r o f t he A z aq
b e g s a n d w a s t he m o th e r o f S u lt an i m B e gi m .
S hahr b an u B e g i m w a s a n o t he r ; s he w a s S l Ab u -s a id M i rz a .
‘ ’
d a u g ht e r t a k e n a ft e r S l H u s a i n M i rz a t o o k t he t hro n e ( 8 7 3
,
.
W he n t he M i rz a s o t he r l a di e s g o t o u t o f t he i r l itt e rs a n d m o u n t e d
’
h o rs e s a t t he b a ttl e o f C hi k m an S ha hr -b am i B e gi m p u t t i n g he r
‘
, , ,
t ru s t in he r y o u n g e r b ro t he r ( S l M a h m ad d id n o t l e a v e he r .
l itte r d id n o t m o u n t a ho rse ; 3 p e o pl e t o ld t he M i rz a o f t hi s s o
, ,
he div o rc e d he a n d t o o k he y
r r o u nge r s i s t e P y an d a s u l t an
r a -
B e gi m W he n t he A fi z b e g s t o o k K hu ras an ( 9 1 3
. P a y an d a
s u lt an B e gi m w e n t i n t o I raq a n d in I raq s he di e d in g re a t ‘
,
‘
m i s e ry .
K ha dija B e g i m w a s a n o t he r 4 S he ha d be e n a m i s t re ss o f .
S l A b 11-s a i d M i rz a a n d by him ha d ha d a d a u g ht e r Aq Be gi m ;
'
‘
.
,
a ft e r h is d e fe a t ( 8 7 3 A H -14 6 8 A D ) s he b e t o o k h e rs e l f t o H e ri
. .
wh e re S l H u s a i n M i rz a t o o k he r m a d e he r a g re a t fa v o u r it e
.
, ,
a n d p r o m o t e d he r t o t he r a n k o f B e gi m Ve ry d o m i n a n t i n d e e d .
s he b e c a m e l a t e r o n ; s he it w a s w r o u g h t Mu h M am i n M i rz a s
’
.
d e a t h ; 5 s he in c h i e f it w a s c a u s e d S l H u s a i n M i rz a s s o n s t o .
’
re b e l a g a i n s t h im S he t o o k he rs e l f fo r a se n s ibl e w o m a n b u t
.
w a s a s illy c h a t t e re r m a y a l s o ha v e b e e n a he re ti c
, O f he r w e re .
b o rn S hah-i-gha ri b M i rz a a n d M u z a ffa r-i-hu s a i n M i rz a .
6
A p aq B e gi m wa s a n o t he r ; s he h a d n o c h ild r e n t ha t P ap a
Ag hac ha t he M i rz a m a d e s u c h a fa v o u r it e o f wa s he r fo s t e r-s i s t e r .
2
y g
K h wan d -a m i r sa s t ha t B e a Be gi m wa s e a o u s , ie o f rie f a t h e r i o rc e , a n d j l d d g dv
b
was u r ie in a d C ll g
o e e , o f h e r o w n e r e c t io n , in 8 9 3 A H ( 14 8 8 H S iii, . AD . . .
2
Gu lis tan C a p , St o r . II
3 1 ( atts, y Pl p .
3 i e d id n o t.
g e t re a t o r i e o ff if hdy
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r ( f 1 1 b by b .
a nd n ote t o H a i a ) bb .
4 K ha di a Be
j g
i Agh a ( H S ii, 2 30 a n d i ii, 3 2 7 ) . . sh e wo u b e ro m o t e ro a ld p d p b bly
a ft e r Sh ah i - - ’
gha ri b s ir t h b .
5 H e w a s a so n o f Ba i u z z a m an d .
6
g l d
It 15 s in u a r t ha t t h is h o n o u r e wo m a n s a r e n t a e is n o t m e n t io n e
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K AB U L
in se ve n or e i g ht y e a rs , e x ce p t i n g o n ly M uha m m a d -i- a m an z
Mi rz a .
I
(g . H is) a m irs .
T he re w a s M u ha m m a d B a ra n d aq B a r las d e s c e n di n g fro m ,
C hakii B a r las a s fo ll o w s M u h a m m a d B a ra n d aq s o n o f A li ,
—
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s o n o f Ba r l a 2
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ha d b e e n a b e g o f B ab u r M i r z a s p re se n c e l a t e r o n S l A b t i -s a i d
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M i rz a fa v o u re d him g a v e him K ab u l c o n j o i n tly wit h J a han gi r

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d e a t h o f S l A b ti s a i d M i rz a A fi lfi g h Be g M i rz a fo rm e d d e s i g n s
- .
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a g a i n s t t he t w o B a r l as ; t he y g o t t o k n o w thi s k e p t ti g ht ho ld ,
o f him m a d e t he t r ib e s a n d h o rd e s m a rc h 3 m o v e d a s fo r Q an d fi z
, , ,
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M i rz a t o s t a rt b a c k fo r K ab u l t he y t h e m s e lve s g o i n g o n t o ,
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.
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t f v M h a m m a d B a ra n d ti q w a s r e m a r k a b ly i n t e lli e n t
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g ,
a v e ry le a de r like m a n i n d e e d ! H e w a s e x t ra v a g a n tly fo n d o f
a ha w k s o m u c h s o t h e y s a y t h a t if a h a w k o f h is h a d s t ra y e d
, ,
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o r h a d b ro k e n h is n e c k r a th e r th a n t h i s o r t h a t bi rd h a d di e d ,
o r h a d s t ra y e d .
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in t he g u e r ill a fi g hti n g a n d fo r s o m e c a u s e u n k n o w n ha d re c e ive d , ,
e xt re m e fa v o u r In s u c h ho n o u r w a s he in t ho se g u e r ill a d a y s
.
t ha t t he c o m p a c t w a s fo r t he M i rz a t o t a k e fo u r dang ( s ix t hs )
o f an
y c o u n t r y c o n q u e re d and fo r him t o t a k e t wo dan
g , .
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e v e n a fa i t h fu l s e rv a n t a c o -p a r t n e r in r u l e ? N o t e ve n a y o u n g e r
2
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p d b d g
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. l K ‘
M .
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Mu h u i a re a m i rs o f t h e Ay i n -i -a h6a r i is t ( Blo chm a n n ,

.
. Q l 34 1 , 34 2 ; H S iii, l pp . . .
3 E n fo rc e m a rc he s o f Mug h t i ls a n d o t he r n o m a s a re m e n t io n e a so o n f 15 4 6
d d d l
’
a nd f 15 5 . .
4 H S iii 2 2 8 2
, .
, 3 3, 2 3 5
. .
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— JUNE 4 T H 15 05 TO MAY 24 T H 15 06 A D .
b ro t he r o r a s o n o bt a i n s s u c h a p a c t ho w t he n s ho u ld a b e g ? 2
W he n t he M i rz a ha d p o s s e s s i o n o f t he t hro n e he re p e n t e d t he ,
c o m p a c t b u t h is r e p e n t a n c e w a s o f n o a v a il
,
t ha t m u ddy -m i n d e d
m a n n iki n fa v o u r e d s o m u c h a l re a dy m a d e g ro wi n g a s s u m pti o n
, ,
t o ru l e T h e M i rz a a c t e d wi t ho u t j u d g m e n t ; p e o pl e s a y
.
M u z a ffa r B a r las wa s po i s o n e d in t he e n d G o d k n o w s t he .
2
t ru t h
A li -s he r N a w a i w a s
‘
M i rz a s fr i e n d ra t he r t ha n
’
a n o t h e r, t he
’
h is be g T he y ha d be e n l e a r n e rs t o g e t he r in c h ild ho o d a n d e ve n
.
t he n a r e s a id t o h a v e be e n c l o s e fr i e n d s It is n o t k n o w n fo r .
w ha t o ffe n c e S l A b a-s a i d M i rz a d ro v e A li -s he r Be g fro m H e ri

‘ ‘
.
he t he n w e n t t o S a m a r k a n d w h e re he w a s p r o t e c t e d a n d
s u pp o r t e d by A h m a d H aj i B e d u r i n g t he s e v e ra l y e a rs o f h is
g
st ay 3 . H e w a s n o t e d fo r re fi n e m e n t o f m a n n e r ; p e o pl e fa n c i e d
t h i s d u e t o t he p r id e o f h i g h fo r t u n e b u t it m a y n o t ha v e be e n
s o it m ay h a v e be e n i n n a t e s i n c e it w a s e q u a lly n o t i c e a bl e a l s o
, ,
in S a m a r k a n d 4 A li -s he r Be g ha d n o m a t c h F o r as lo ng as
‘
. .
v e rs e ha s be e n w r i t t e n in t he T u rk i t o n gu e n o -o n e ha s w r it t e n ,
so m u c h o r s o w e l l a s he H e w ro t e s ix bo o k s o f p o e m s .
( m a s n a w i ) fi v e o f t h e m a
,
n s w e r i n g t o t he Q u i n t e t ( K ha m s a h ) 5
,
t he s i x t h e n t i t l e d t he L is an u t -t a i r ( T o n g u e o f t he bi r d s ) w a s
’
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in t he s a m e m e t re a s t he Ma n t igu t t a i r ( Sp e e c h o f t he bi r d s ) 6 ’
- .
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W
,
nam es C u r ios it ies of C hildhood Ma r v els of You t h

, on de r s of , ,
Ma n ho od a n d A dv a n tag es of Ag e 7 T he re a re g o o d q u a t ra i n s .
o f h is a l s o S o m e o t he rs o f his c o m p o s iti o n s ra n k be l o w t ho s e
.
m ent io ne d a m o n g s t t he m is a c o ll e c t i o n o f h is l e t t e rs i m it a t i n
g ,
t ha t o f M a u l an a A bd u r -ra h m an jam i a n d a i m i n g a t g a t he r i n g
‘ ’
t o g e t he r e ve ry l e t t e r o n a n y t o pi c he ha d e ve r w r i t t e n t o a n y
H e w ro t e a l s o t he Miz an u l a zi z an ( M e a s u re o f
'
pe rso n .
’
m e a s u re s ) o n p ro s o dy ; it is v e ry w o rt h l e s s ; he ha s m a d e
m i s t a k e in it a bo u t t he m e t re s o f fo u r o u t o f t we n ty -fo u r
2
6eg hi s hi , b eg - e rso n p .
2
K h w an d a m i r sa s h e ie a n a t u ra yea t ( H S iii, d d ld h . .
3 f 21 . . ll
F o r a fu e r a c c o u n t o f N a wa 1, j A s i a t i qu e
’
ii, 1 7 5 ,
’
B e in s a rt ic e . xv M l . l .
4 i e wh e n h e wa s
. . oor and a e
’
s e en ant p H e we n t ac bg d p d
t o H e ri a t . b k
Sl H u sa in M s r e q u est in 8 7 3 A H
’
. . .
5 N ig am i ’s ’
( ie n s e rs C a t R P . .
6
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-
ar i du d di n -‘ ’
a t t ar s ( ie u l c a n d E n c u
Br R . . y . .
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’ ’ ‘ ’
h
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s sg . s ha a6 , B a fi i u l —w as a t a n d F a w a i du l -hzhr .
K AB U L
q u a t ra i n s whil e a b o u t o t he r m e a s u re s he ha s m a d e m i s t a k e s u c h
fl
,
a s a n y -o n e w ho h a s g iv e n a t t e n ti o n t o p ro s o dy w il l u n d e r s t a n d , .
H e p u t a P e rs i a n di w an t o g e t he r a l s o F an i ( t r a n s i t o ry ) b e i n g ,
his p n a m e fo r P e rs i a n v e r s e S o m e c o u pl e t s in it a re n o t
- 2
e n .
b a d b u t fo r t he m o s t p a r t it is a t a n d p o o r In m u s i c a l s o he .
c o m p o se d g o o d t h i n g s ( n i m a ) s o m e e x c e ll e n t a i rs a n d p r e l u d e s ,
ra u ) h d
( h h h p h N p t p t t f m f
fl
n a s u es o s u c . a r o n a n ro e c o r o e n o
p a rt s a n d a c c o m pli s h m e n t s is k n o w n n o r ha s o n e s u c h b ee n ,
he a rd o f a s e v e r a pp e a r i n g I t wa s t h ro u g h his i n s t ru c ti o n a n d
.
s u pp o r t t h a t M a s t e r ( U s t a d ) Q u l -i -m u h a m m a d t he l u t a n i s t ,
S ha ik hi t he a u t is t a n d H u s a i n t he l u t a n i s t fa m o u s p e rfo rm e rs
, ,
a ll ro se t o e m i n e n c e a n d r e n o w n
,
I t w a s t h ro u g h h is e ffo rt a n d .
s u p e rvi s i o n t ha t M a s t e r Bih-z ad a n d S h ah Mu g a ffa r b e c a m e s o
d i s t i n g u i s he d in p a i n ti n g F e w a re he a rd o f a s ha vi n g he lp e d
.
t o la y t he g o o d fo u n d a t i o n fo r fu t u re e x c e llen c e h eh el p e d m la y .
H e h ad fi eit he i fs o n r1or d au ght er wi fe o r fa m ily ; he le t t he

h
"
‘
‘ ’
‘ “
w o rld p a s s by a l o n e a n d u n e n c u m b e re d A t fi rs t he w a s K e e p e r
, .
o f t he S e a l in m iddl e -li fe he b e c a m e a b e g a n d fo r a ti m e wa s
C o m m a n d a n t in A s t a rab ad l a t e r o n he fo rs o o k s o ldi e r i n g H e .
t o o k n o t h i n g fro m t he M i rz a o n t he c o n t ra ry he e a c h y e a r , ,
o ffe re d c o n s id e r a bl e g i ft s W he n t he M i rz a w a s re t u rn i n g fro m
.
‘
t he A s t a r ab ad c a m p a i g n A li -s he r Be g w e n t o u t t o g iv e h im
,
ti t h y b b A h h ld ‘
mee n g ; e s a w o n e a n o t h e r u t e fo r e li - s e r B e g s o u
ha ve r i se n t o l e a v e hi s c o n di t i o n b e c a m e s u c h t ha t he c o u ld n o t
,
r i se . H e w a s l i ft e d u p a n d c a rr i e d a w a y t he d o c t o rs c o u ld n o t
t e ll w ha t w a s w ro n g he we n t t o G o d s m e rc y n e xt d ay o n e o f ’
,
2
his o w n c o u pl e t s s u i t i n g his c a s e
I w s f ll ed by st r k t f t he i ken a d m i e
a e a o e ou o r n n
Wh t in c h evil c d c t
a , su v il P s, an o o rs a a
A h m a d t he s o n o f T a w a kk a l B a r las wa s a n o th e r 3 fo r a ti m e
he he ld Q a n d a har .
W a l i B e g wa s a n o t he r ; he w a s o f H aj i S a ifu d -di n B e g s ’ ’
li e a n d ha d b e e n o n e o f t he M i rz a s fa t he r s ( Ma n s fi r s ) g re a t
n 4
,
’ ’ ’
2
E ve y P e
r rs ia n po
ha s a t a hha ll u s ( p e n -n a m e ) whic h he int ro
et d u ce s in t o t he l a st
cou pl
e t o f e a c h o de ( E r s in e ) k .
2
d d
T he e a t h o c c u rre in t h e irs t u m a a 9 0 6 A H ( D ec 1 500 F J d . .
3 ’
d
N iz am u -di n A hm a b in a wa d
a B a r las ( H S iii, T kk l . .
4 This m a y b e t ha t u n c e o f l
i m ar who m a e t h e H aj ( T R T d . . p .
4 8 , q u o t in g th e
Zaf a r
K AB U L
g re a t ly fa v o u re d b e g wa s his g ra n d fa t he r ,
2
he n c e p e o pl e ca ll e d
him Fi r az S hah s A bd u l -k ha l i q H e he ld
’ ‘ ’
. K hw ariz m fo r a ti m e .
I b r ahi m D aldci i w a s a n o t he r H e ha d g o o d k n o wl e d ge o f .
r e v e n u e m a t t e rs a n d t h e c o n d u c t o f p u bli c b u s i n e s s h is w o rk
wa s t ha t o f a s e c o n d Mu h B a ra n d ii q . .
H e w a s a b ra v e m a n u s i n g
'
n fi n A rg hun w a s a n o t he r
’ 2
Zfi n - .
,
h is s wo r d w e ll in S b s a i d M i rz a s p r e s e n c e a n d l a t e r o n
‘
A
’
I -
‘
t i .
e t ti n g h is h a n d i n t o t he w o r k w ha t e v e r t he fi g h t A s t o h is
g .
c o u ra g e t he re w a s n o q u e s t i o n a t a ll b u t he w a s a b it o f a fo o l , .
A ft e r h e l e ft o u r ( Mi r n s hahi ) M i rz as t o g o t o S l H u s a i n
a - .
M i rz a t he M i rz a g a v e h im G h li r a n d t he N ikdi ri s H e d id
'
.
,
e x c e ll e n t w o r k in t ho s e p a r t s wi t h 7 0 t o 8 0 m e n wi t h s o fe w ,
b e a t i n g m a s s e s a n d m a s s e s o f H a z ara s a n d N ikdi ri s ; he h a d
n o t h is m a t c h fo r k e e pi n g t ho s e t r ib e s in o r d e r A ft e r a w h il e .
Z a m i n -d aw a r w a s g ive n t o him H is s o n S hah-i-s hu j a A rg hzi n .

‘
u s e d t o m o v e a b o u t wi t h h im a n d e v e n in c h ild ho o d u s e d t o
‘
c ho p a w a y wit h his s w o r d T he M i rz a fa v o u r e d S hah -i-s hu j a .
a n d s o m e w h a t a ga i n s t Zfi n -n an B e g s wi s h e s j o i n e d him w i t h
’ ’
, ,
his fa t he r in t he g o v e rn m e n t o f Q a n d a har L a t e r o n t h i s fa t he r .
a n d s o n m a d e d i s s e n s i o n b e t w e e n t h a t fa t he r a n d t ha t s o n 3 a n d ,
s ti r re d u p m u c h c o m m o ti o n A ft e r I ha d o v e rc o m e K hu s ra u .
S hah a n d p a rt e d his r e t a i n e rs fro m him a n d a ft e r I ha d t a k e n ,
K ab u l fro m Zfi n -n im A rg han s s o n M u q i m Zti n -n an Be g a n d

'
’ ‘
’ ‘
’
K hu s ra u S hah b o t h w e n t in t he i r he lpl e s s n e s s t o s e e Sl H u s a i n , ,
.
M i r z a Zfi n —n ti n A rg hii n g re w g re a t e r a ft e r t he M i rz a s d e a t h
.
’ ’
wh e n t he y g a v e h im t he d i s t r i c t s o f t he H e ri K o h-d am a n s u c h ,
a s A ab a ( U be h ) a n d C ha c h c h a ran 4 H e w a s m a d e L o rd o f .
Ba di u z -z a m an M i rz a s G a t e 5 a n d M u ha m m a d B a ra n d ii q B a r las
‘ ’ ’ '
L o r d o f M u z a ffa r-i-h u s a i n M i rz a s w he n t he t wo M i rz as b e c a m e
’
2
H e wi h a e ll v b
e e n t he re fo r e a c o a t e ra of a u at - ll
sh ah wh o se r e a t io n t o l D l l
F i r ii z sh ah is t hu s e
- xp N a w a i z— Mi r D a u la t -s hah F i r uz -s hah B eg -n i n g
d by
’
r e ss e
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- -
a mm z ada s i A m i r
‘
A la u d -da u la I sfar ay i n i -n i n g a ug h uli du r , i e Mi r a u a t -shah
’ ’
. . D l
- ’ ’
g p ‘
was t h e so n o f F i raz sh ah B e s a t e rn a u n c e s s o n , A m i r A a u - a u a I sf ar ay i n i
’ ’
l l l dd l .
T h u s , F i rii z -sh ah a n d Is fa ra yi n i we r e rs t c o u s in s a u l a t -shah a n d Afi

‘
u -
’
kha liq s
’
D bd l
d
fa t he r w e r e s e c o n c o u s ins ; whi e a u at -
sh ah a n d F i rfi z -l D l shah w e r e fi rs t c o u s in s ,
o n ce r e m o e vd R
( ie n s e rs C a t
’
P 5 34 B ro wn e s
.
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. p
S E n is h re fa ce
. 14 a n d it s D . . gl p p .
r e fe r e n ce t o t h e e rs P
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re fa c e ) . p .
2
T a r hhan n am a , E
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D s H i s t ory of I n dia i, 30 3 ; H S iii, 2 2 7
. . . . .
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. .
Bo t h pl
a c e s a re in t he a e v ll y
o f t he H e ri -rt i d
'
5 Ba di ‘u ’z - z a m an m a rr ie a d d g
’
a u h t e r o f Zfi n - n ti n sh e ie in 9 1 1 A H ( E i,
'
d d . . D .
30 5 ; H S iii, . .
9 11 A H .
— JUNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MAY 24 T H 15 06 A D .
j o i n t -ru l e rs in H e ri B ra ve t ho u g h he w a s he wa s a l it t l e c ra z e d
.
,
a n d s h a l l o w -p a t e d ; if he h a d n o t be e n s o w o u ld he h a v e a c c e pt e d ,
fl a tt e ry a s he d id ? w o u ld he ha ve m a d e h i m s e l f s o c o n t e m p t ibl e ?
H e e a re t he d e t a il s o t he m tt e r
r f a — W h il e he w a s s o d o m i n a n t
a n d s o t ru s t e d in H e ri a fe w s h a ik h s a n d m u ll as w e n t t o h im ,
a n d s a id
“ T he Sp he re s a re ho ldi n g c o m m e r c e wit h u s ; y o u a re
,
t o be s tyl e d H iz a hr u l -lah ( L i o n o f G o d ) ; y o u w ill o v e rc o m e

’
t he A fi z b e g F u lly a c c e p t i n g t h i s fl a t t e ry he p u t his f ata

.
,
( b h i l t h ) d h i k d v t h k T h f 2
a t n g
—c o r o u n s n e c a n g a e a n s e n a t e r .
,
Sha ib aq K han c o m i n g a g a i n s t t he M i r z as ha d b e a t e n t he m o n e
, ,
by o n e n e a r B adg hi s Z11 n -n an A rg hzi n m e t him fa c e t o fa c e ’

‘
n e a r Q a r a-r a b at a n d re lyi n g o n t h a t p ro m i s e s t o o d u p a g a i n s t, ,
h im wit h 10 0 t o 1 5 0 m e n A m a s s o f A fi z b e g s c a m e u p o ve r .
,
c a m e t he m a n d h u s tl e d t he m o ff ; h e h i m se l f w a s t a k e n a n d u t
p
t o d eat h H e w a s o r t ho d o x a n d n o n e g l e c t e r o f t he P r a y e rs
.
2
,
i n d e e d m a d e t he e xt ra o n e s H e wa s m a d fo r c he s s ; he pl a ye d .
it a c c o rd i n g t o his o w n fa n c y a n d if o t he rs pl a y wit h o n e h a n d , ,
he pl a y e d wi t h bo t h 3 A v a r i c e a n d s ti n g i n e s s r u l e d in h is
.
c h a ra c t e r .
D a r wi s h -i- a li
‘
y o u n g e r fu ll -b ro t he r o f
Be g w a s a n o t he r , 4 t he
H e ha d t he B a lk h C o m m a n d fo r a t i m e a n d
‘
A li -s he r B e g .
t he re d id g oo d b e g -l ik e t h i n g s b u t he w a s a m u ddl e -h e a d a n d ,
s o m e w h a t w a n ti n g in m e ri t H e wa s d i s m i s s e d fro m t he B a lk h .
C o m m a n d be c a u s e h is m u ddl e -he a d e d n e s s ha d ha m p e re d t he
M i rz a in his fi rs t c a m p a i g n a g a i n s t Q an d fi z a n d H i sar H e c a m e .
t o m y p re s e n c e w he n I w e n t t o Q an d ti z in 9 16 A H ( 1 5 10
‘
b ru t a li z e d a n d s t u p e fi e d fa r fro m c a p a bl e be g s hip a n d o u t -s id e
fl
,
p e a c e fu l h o m e -li fe S u c h fa v o u r a s he ha d ha d he a pp e a rs t o
.
,
h a v e ha d fo r A li -s he r B e g s s a k e
‘ ’
.
Mu g hfi l Be g wa s a n o t he r H e wa s G o ve rn o r o f H e ri fo r .
a t ime l a t e r o n w a s g ive n A s t a rab ad a n d fro m t he re e d t o

, ,
‘
Y a q ti b B e g in I r aq
'
H e wa s o f a m o ro u s d i s p o s i t i o n 5 a n d a n
‘
.
i n c e ssa n t d i c e r .
2
Thi i d i t e bo t h m g t M lm a
s n ca s, d Hi d b d i c e d subm iss i
a on s usa n s an n
'
ti s , o e en an on .
Seve l i t i M ll h s B g l i H
’
ra ns anc e
s occ h ld S t i
ur n a ccu oc en a ou s e o or es .
2
T R p 20 5
. . . .
3 Thi i id io m xp e s ive f g t k
s s an ( E ki ) e r s o re a e e n n ess rs ne .
4
H S iii 2 5 0 hit a6da l ib i ;
. .
, t
, H i MS f 1 74 6 r, ra r a n so oo a . . . .
5 m t iu ay m ( f 76 a d te) Mi M gh l Beg w s p ut t d e t h f t ea che y i

. an no . r u ti
'
a o a or r r n
‘
I aq ( H S iii 2 2 7
r . .
, ,
K AB U L
S a yyid B a d r ( F u ll -m o o n ) w a s a n o t he r a ve ry s t ro n g m a n , ,
l
a c e fu in h is m v m t d i l ly w e l l -m d H
g r o e e n s a n s n g u a r a n n e r e e .
d a n c e d w o n d e rfu lly w e ll d o i n g o n e d a n c e q u it e u n iq u e a n d ,
se e m i n g t o b e h is o w n in v e n t io n H is w ho l e s e rvi c e wa s with .
I
t he M i rz a w ho s e c o m r a d e he w a s in w i n e a n d s o c i a l pl e a s u re .
I s l i m B a r /( is w a s a n o t he r a pl a i n ( t u r k) p e rs o n who u n d e rs t o o d,
ha w ki n g w e ll a n d d id s o m e t h i n g s t o p e rfe c ti o n D ra w i n g a b o w .
o f 30 t o 4 0 6d t m d 7z s s t re n g t h he w o u ld m a k e his s ha ft p a s s r i g ht ,
2
t hro u g h t he t a rg e t In t he g a ll o p fro m t he h e a d o f t he
6 h e w o u ld l o o s e n h is b o w s t r i n g it a a i n a n d
g a a
q g , ,
'
t he n hit t he g o u rd ( ga 6a q) H e w o u ld t ie h is s t r i n g -g r ip (e z b -g z r )
'
t o t he o n e e n d o f a s t r i n g fro m I t o 1% y a rd s l o n g fa s t e n t he ,
o t he r e n d t o a t re e le t his s h a ft fly a n d s h o o t t h ro u g h t he s t r i n g
, ,
g r ip w h il e it re v o lv e d 4 M a n y s u c h re m a r k a bl e fe a t s he d id
. H e .
s e r v e d t he M i rz a c o n ti n u o u s ly a n d w a s a t e v e ry s o c i a l g a t he r i n g .
S l J u n a id B a r lds w a s a n o t he r 5 in his l a tt e r d a y s he w e n t t o
.
6
S I A h m a d M i rz a s p re s e n c e H e is t he fa t he r o f t he S I J u n a id
’
. . .
B a r lds o n w ho m at t he p re s e n t ti m e 7 t he j o i n t -g o v e rn m e n t o f
J a u n p ur d e p e n d s .
S ha ikh A b u-s a i d Kh an D a r -m iy ein ( In -b e twe e n ) w a s a n o t he r

‘ ’
It is n o t k n o w n w he t he r he g o t t he n a m e o f D a r-m iy an b e c a u s e
he t o o k a ho rs e t o t he M i rz a in t he m iddle o f a fi g h t o r wh e t h e r ,
be c a u s e he p u t h i m s e l f in 6et w een t he M i rz a a n d s o m e -o n e
8
d e s i g n i n g o n his l i fe .
b p k
Ba u r S e a s a s a n e ye -w it n e ss ( f F o r a s in e c o m a t o f Sa i Ba r,
. gl b yy d d
H S iii, 2 33
. . .
2
f I 5 7 a n d n o t e t o 6é t m d n
. .
l v l fi ld
3 A e e e g d
in wh ic h a o ur (9 426 519 ) is s e t o n a o e fo r a n a rc he r s m a rk t o b e
’
p l
p g
hit in a ss in a t t h e a o ( f 18 6 a n d n o t e ) g ll p . .
p bly d
4 Or o s si u r in g g ll p
t h e a o t he a r c h e r t u rn e in t he sa e a n d sh o t a c wa r s d ddl b k d .
J d
5 unai
’
- ‘
wa s t h e fa th e r o f N ig am u d di n Ali , Bab u r s
’
ha i fa ( ic e - e re n t ) K l V g .
T K l
ha t lg
ha i fa w a s o f a re i io u s h o u s e o n h is m o th e r s s i e m a y b e in fe rre fro m his
’
d d
b g yl d b
e in st e o t h Sa i a nd yy d K
hwa a n e it h e r o f wh ic h t it e s c o u j ha e c o m e fro m l ld v
T k
h is u r i fa t he r v b
H is m o t h e r m a y ha e e e n a sa i a o f o n e o f th e re i io u s fa m i ie s
. yy d lg l
o f Ma r hi n an ( f - K l M bb
’
8
‘
d ) i a li w rit e s his fa t h e r s
’
g 1 a n n o.t e , s in c e h a i fa s so n u h i -
name
’ ‘
N ig am u d di n A li Al a rg fi z ld n i
-
( Ma rg /z i n d n i ) in t he re fa c e o f his B oole on
‘ ’
P
’
Sp or t ( ie n s e rs C a t R P . . p .
6
T
his n o r t hwa r m i ra t io n wo u d g
t a e t he fa m i ld k ’
in t o t o u c h w it h Bab u r s in ly
k d
Sa m a r a n a n d F a rghan a
fl
.
7 H e wa s l
e ft in c ha r e o f au n ur in g
a i
‘
,
J p
9 3 3 A H (J a n 1 5 2 7 ) b utRb I . . AD .
x
e c ha n e gd C
fo r hu n ar in R a m g an 9 3 5 A H ( u n e 1 5 2 9 s o t ha t fo r t he wr it in
. J of AD . g
p
t his a rt o f t h e E d 6a r - 7z d z a w e ha v e t he m a o r a n d m in o r im it s o f J a n 1 5 2 7 a n d j l .
J un e 1 5 29
8
H S m, . . 2 27 .
K AB U L
B ab a ‘
A li t he L o r d G a t e w a s a n o t he r F i rs t A lI-s he r
of t he .
,
‘
B e g s ho w e d h im fa v o u r n e x t b e c a u s e o f his c o u ra g e t he M i rz a , ,
t o o k him i n t o s e rvi c e m a d e h im L o r d o f t he G a t e a n d p ro m o t e d
, ,
h im t o b e a b e g O n e o f h is s o n s is s e r vi n g m e n o w ( ci r ca
.
t ha t Y un a s o f A li who is a b e g a c o n fid a n t a n d o f m y ho u s e ho ld
‘
, , .
H e w ill o ft e n b e m e n t io n e d .
I
B a d ru d -di n ( F u ll -m o o n o f t he F a i t h) w a s a n o t he r H e ha d
’
.
b e e n in t he s e rvi e b
S l A u s a i d M i rz a s C h i e f J u s ti c e M i ra k
‘
f
’
c o - .
‘
A bd u r -r a h i m
’
; it i s s a id h e w a s v e r y n i m bl e a n d s u e foo t e d
r -
,
a m a n w ho c o u ld l e a p o v e r s e v e n h o rs e s a t o n c e H e a n d B ab a .
A li w e re c l o s e c o m p a n i o n s
‘
.
H a s a n o f A li f a ld z r w a s a n o t he r H is o ri g i n a l n a m e w a s
‘ '
H f b u t h e c a m e t o b e c a ll e d A l i s H a s a n
'
H
‘ ’
u s a in a ld z r is fa t he r .
2
A li f ez /d z? m u s t h a v e b e e n fa v o u re d a n d m a d e a b e g by B ab u r
‘
M i rz a n o m a n w s g re a t e r l a t e r o n w he n Y ad g ar i m u h a m m a d
a - -
M t o o k H e rI H a s a n -i- a li w a s S l H u s a i n M i rz a s QzZs k-6eg li 3 H e

. .
‘
.
’
m de T
a u fa il i ( U n i n vit e d -
g u e s t ) h is p e n -n a m e w r o t e go o d o de s
a n d w a s t he M a s t e r o f t h i s a r t in h is d a y H e w ro t e o d e s o n .
m y n a m e w he n he c a m e t o m y p re s e n c e a t t he t i m e I t o o k
S a m a rk an d in 9 17 A H ( I 5 I I I m p u d e n t ( 65 6a7e) a n d
.
p ro di g a l he w a s a k e e p e r o f c a t a m it e s a c o n s t a n t d i c e r a n d
, ,
d ra u g ht pl a y e r
- .
K hw aj a A bd u l -lah Ma r md r z a ( P e a r l ) 4 w a s a n o t he r ; he w a s
‘ '
’ ’
a t firs t C h i e f J u s ti c e b u t l a t e r o n b e c a m e o n e o f t he M i rz a s
’
fa v o u r it e ho u s e h o ld -b e g s H e w a s fu ll o f a c c o m pli s h m e n t s . on
t he d u l c i m e r he ha d n o e q u a l a n d he i n v e n t e d t he s ha k e o n ,
t he d u l c i m e r he w r o t e in s e ve ra l s c r ip t s m o s t be a u ti fu lly in t he ,
t a l z q ; he c o m p o s e d a d m i r a bl e l e t t e rs w ro t e g o o d v e rs e wi t h
‘ '
, ,
B a y an i fo r h is p e n n a m e a n d w a s a pl e a s a n t c o m p a n i o n ,
.
C o m p a re d wi t h h is o t he r a c c o m pli s h m e n t s his v e rs e ra n k s lo w , ,
b u t he k n e w w ha t w a s p o e t ry Vi c i o u s a n d s ha m e l e s s he be c a m e
fl
.
,
I dx
n e s n . .
g
D id t h e c h a n e c o m e t e a n a n a o
2
pl
e t we en A li j a ldz r an d his ( e rha s ) e er l gy b ‘ ‘
p p ld
son wit h A li
‘
K l
ha i fa a n d his e e r s o n H a sa n ? ld
3 T he Q
us h - e i is , in bg C l
e n t ra A s ia , a h i h o i c ia l w h o a c t s fo r a n a se n t ru e r g b l
d pp
( Sha w ) h e o es n o t a e a r t o b e t h e a c o n e r , fo r wh o m B ab u r s n a m e is ush c hi
’
Fl Q
(f I 5 n. .
4 H e recei e vd
t h is so r iq u e t b
e c a u se wh en h e re t u r n e b
fro m an e m a ss t o t h e d b y
P
e rs ia n G l
u f, h e b
r o u h t , fr o m Ba h r e in , t o h is gi m ur i m a st e r a ift o f ro ya ea r s T d g lp l
( Sam i rz a) MF o r a n a c c o u n t o f Ma r wari d s ee 10 9 4 a n d ( r e R P p
’
. ie n s e rs C at . . .
p
o rt ra it ) 78 7 p . .
MA Y
fl
9 11 A H .
—
] U N E 4 T H 15 05 T O 24 T H 15 06 A D .
t he ca ptive l d i s e a s e t hro u g h his vi c i o u s e x c e s s e s o u t

o f a s n fu i ,
live d h is ha n d s a n d fe e t t a s t e d t he a g o n i e s o f v a ri e d t o r t u re fo r
,
s e v e r a l y e a rs a n d d e p a rt e d fr o m t he w o r ld u n d e r t ha t a f ic t io n
I
.
,
S a yyid M u h a m m a d -i-a urus w a s a n o t he r ; he w a s t he s o n o f

t h a t A fi r ii s ( R u s s i a n ? ) A rg kzl n w ho w he n S l A u s a i d M i r z ab
‘
- .
,
t o o k t he t hro n e w as h is b e g in c h i e f a u t ho r i t y
,
A t th a t ti m e .
t he re w e re e x c e ll e n t a rc he r -b ra v e s o n e o f t he m o s t d i s ti n g u i s he d
w as S a yyid M u h a m m a d -i-a urus H is b o w s t ro n g h is s ha ft l o n g .

, ,
he m u s t h a ve be e n a b o ld ( y am /e) s ho t a n d a g o o d o n e H e w as .
C o m m a n d a n t in A n dikh fi d fo r s o m e ti m e .
Mi r ( Q a m b a r-i t he M a s te r o f t he H o rs e w a s a n o th e r He .
it w a s w ho by s e n di n g a m a n t o S I H u s a i n M i rz a b ro u g ht him
,
.
,
d o w n o n t he d e fe n c e l e s s Y ad g ar i m u h a m m a d M i rz a
— - .
S a yyid H as a n A n filazqe/ z z w a s a n o t he r a s o n o f S a yyid

l
' '
A zig h/dgekz a n d a y o u n g e r b ro t he r o f S a yyid Y fi s u f B e g He 2

’
w a s t he fa t he r o f a c a p a bl e a n d a c c o m pli s he d s o n n a m e d M i rz a ,
F a r ru k h H e ha d c o m e t o m y p re s e n c e b e fo re I t o o k S a m a r
.
k a n d in 9 17 A H ( I 5 I I . T ho u g h he ha d w r i t t e n l i t tl e ve rs e ,
he w ro t e fa i rly he u n d e rs t o o d t he a s t ro l a be a n d a s t ro n o m y w e ll ,
w a s e x c e ll e n t c o m p a n y h is t a l k g o o d t o o b u t h e w a s r a t he r
, ,
a b ad d ri n ke r He d i e d in t he fi g h t a t G b a j -d a w i
z n 3 .
T i n g ri -bi rd i t he s t o re k ee p e r w a s a n o t he r he w a s
a pl a i n ( t u r k) bo ld s w o rd -s l as h i n b ra v e A h a b id
, g ,
s s e e n s a .
,
he c h a rg e d o u t o f t he G a t e o f B a lk h o n K hu s ra u S hah s g re a t
’
r e t a i n e r N a z a r B a h ad u r a n d o v e rc a m e h im ( 9 0 3
T he re w e re a fe w T u r k m an b ra v e s a l s o w ho we re re c e ive d
w i t h g re a t fa v o u r w he n t he y c a m e t o t he M i rz a s p re s e n c e On e
’
.
o f t he fi rs t t o c o m e w a s A li K h an d A s a d Be g a n d
‘ ’
a naa r fi
T a ha m -t a n ( St ro n g -b o di e d ) Be g w e re o t he rs a n e ld e r a n d ,
d
‘
y o u n g e r b r o t h e r t he s e ; B a i u z - z a m a n M i r z a t o o k T a h a m
’
-t a n
B e g s d a u g ht e r a n d by he r ha d M u h a m m a d -i-za m an M i rz a
’
fl
.
Mi r U m a r Be g w a s a n o t he r l a t e r o n he w a s in B a di u z -z a m an
fl
‘ ‘ ’
M i rz a s s e rvi c e ; he w a s a b ra ve pl a i n e x c e ll e n t p e rs o n H is
’
, , .
1
Sam M p fi
i rz a s e c i e s t h is a f ic t io n a s d 6!a -z - z r a n g , t hu s m a in w ha t m a b e o n e
y
°
k g
l l
o f t h e ea r ie st O r ie n t a r e fe r e n c es t o m or 6 u s
g a l /few [ a s d e Sa
c h e r e t ra ns a t es t h e y l
n a m e ] , t he fo r e i n o r E u ro e a n
g p o x , t he p
re n c h is eas e o f Sha es e a re (H B F d k p . .
2
I dx
n e s n . . Yu su f .
R ma 18 A H — Nov
3 rd
W
3 a z n 9 . . 12 t h I 5 1 2 .
4
'
z e
. . of t he h it e -s h e e p T km aur ns .
K AB U L
A a fa t h by n a m e c a m e fro m I raq t o m y p re s e n c e
b l ‘
so n - ’
, , ,
a v e ry s o ft u n s t e a dy a n d fe e bl e p e rs o n
,
s u c h a s o n fro m s u c h
a fa t he r !
O f t ho s e who c a m e i n t o K hu ras an a ft e r S hah I s m a i l t o o k

‘
‘
I raq a n d A z a rb aijan ( cir ca 9 0 6 A H — 1 50 0 o n e w a s A bd u l .
‘ ’
b aqi M i rz a o f T i m ar B e g l i e H
’
s n e w a s a M r n s hahi w ho s e
i a - .
1
a n c e s t o rs will h a v e g o n e l o n g b e fo re i n t o th o s e p a r t s p u t t ho u g ht ,
o f s o v e re i g n ty o u t o f t he i r he a d s s e r v e d t ho s e ru li n g th e re a n d , ,
fro m t he m h a v e re c e iv e d fa v o u r T ha t T i m fi r U sm an who w a s ‘
W
.
b ( -
)
‘
t he g re a t t ru s t e d e g o
,
f Y a q ii b B e g k i t e s fz p
ee T u r km d n
a n d w ho h a d o n ce e v e n t ho u g h t o f s e n di n g a g a i n s t K h u r as an
t he m a s s o f m e n he ha d g a t he re d t o h i m s e l f m u s t h a v e be e n ,
t h i s A bd u l b q M z
‘
- a i i r a s p t
a e
’
r n a l u n c l e S l H u s a i n M i rz a t o o k
-
’
. .
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‘ ’
,
by g ivi n g him Su lt an i m B e g i m t he m o t he r o f M u h a m m a d S l , .
M i rz a .
2 -
A n o t he r l a t e c o m e r wa s M u rad B e g d a rz a a r i ’
.
( 6 . H is C /z ief j u s t ices
O n e wa s Mi r S a r -i-b a ra hn a (B a re - ea h d) 3 ; he w a s fro m
a vill a g e in A n dij an a n d a pp e a rs t o ha ve m a d e c l a i m t o b e
a s a yyid H e w a s a v e ry a g re e a bl e c o m p a n i o n ,
pl e a s a n t o f t e m p e r a n d s p e e c h H is we re t he j u d g m e n t a n d .
ru li n g s t h a t c a r r i e d w e i g h t a m o n g s t m e n o f l e tt e rs a n d p o e t s o f
K hu ras an H e w a s t e d his ti m e by c o m p o s i n g in i m it a ti o n o f
.
,
t he s t o ry o f A m i r H a m z a 4 a w o r k whi c h is o n e l o n g fa r , ,
fe t c he d lie o pp o se d t o s e n s e a n d n a t u re
, .
K a m alu d -di n H u s a i n G dz u r -g dki 5 w a s a n o th e r Th o u gh

’
.
6
n o t a S af i he w a s m y s t i c a l ,
S u c h m y s ti c s a s he w ill h a ve .
H is p a t e rna l l in e w
U sm a s f S yyidi A hm d s o
as ,
‘
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u
’
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q ,
‘
n, on o a a , n
o f M i a -shah H i m ot h be gs f t h Wh it - h ep ( H S iii pe pl
’
ie d Wi (f 1 5 7 )
r n we
. s er s o e re o e e s e . .
,
S lta i m h d m
2
u n t l t
a th 89 5 8 9 6 A H ( H S iii
a rr a s . no a er an or . . .
,
i d A bd l baq i i 9 0 8 A H ( 1 5 0 2 3 AD
‘ ’
s he m a rr e u - n .
— .
Sayyid Sh m d -di n M h m m d Mi S yyid S -i -6 w d his s b iq e t

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fl
,
o f B -h d t
a re l ve - i k w de ings o f hi y t h ( H S iii
ea o o s c T h H S it is an r s ou . .
, e . .
cl ea r , co g i reh im yyid
n z es a s a sa .
s P C t p 76 0 ; it is im m e ns ly l g fi ll e d w it h t l t h t h ck
’
Ri4 eu e rs . d a . . e on an a es a s o
a ll p b b il it y
ro (E ki e )
a rs n .
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’
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an o r
re p t d p s m bly by C 1 Y t e s
re se n e , re u Mi f G a -gah a d h e b e m e C hi f
, 0 . a
’
r o z ur an ca e
J st ic i 9 0 4 A H ( 14 9 8—9 9
u e n S H S iii 3 30 . d 34 0 ; J A SE 1 8 8 7 t O ee . .
, an , ar . n
tl i ty f H
ze c dt ( C E Y t ) p 8 5
o ar . . a e . .
6
m t w f pe h p m ea n i g n o t
u asau z p o fesse d S afi
, r a s n a r .
K AB U L
S a id he , M i rz a w ill pl e d g e h i m s e l f t o s t re n g the n
If t he ho n o u re d
m y h a n d s by n o t o pp o s i n g m y o rd e rs it s ha ll s o b e b e fo re l o n g ,
t ha t t he c o u n t rys ha l l p ro s p e r t he p e a s a n t b e c o n t e n t t he s o ld i e r , ,
we ll -o ff a n d t he T r e a s u ry fu ll
,
T he M i rz a fo r h is p a r t g a ve .
t he pl e d g e d e s i re d p u t Majdu d di n M u h a m m a d in a u t ho r ity
’
-
,
t hro u g ho u t K hu ras an a n d e n t ru s t e d a ll p u bli c b u s i n e s s t o h im

, .
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l o n g ha d m a d e s o ld i e r a n d p e a s a n t g ra t e fu l a n d c o n t e n t fi l l e d ,
t he T re a s u ry t o a b u n d a n c e a n d m a d e t he d i s t r i c t s h a bi t a bl e ,
a n d c u ltiv a t e d H e d id a ll t h i s ho w e v e r in fa c e o f o pp o s iti o n
.
fro m t he b e g s a n d m e n h i g h in pl a c e a ll be i n g le d by A li -s h e r
‘
,
Be g a ll o u t o f t e m pe r w it h w ha t Majd u d di n M u h a m m a d ha d
’
-
,
e ffe c t e d By t he i r e ffo rt a n d e vil s u g g e s ti o n he w a s a rre s t e d

.
a n d d is m is s e d In s c e s s i o n t o him N m u l m u lk o f K h waf
’
u c . i
I
z a -
w a s m a d e D i w an b u t in a s ho r t ti m e t he y g o t him a rres t e d a l so ,
a n d h im t he y g o t p u t t o d e a t h T he y t he n b ro u g ht K hw aj a 2
.
A fz a l o u t o f I r aq a n d m a d e h im D i w an ; he h a d j u s t bee n
‘
m a d e a b e g w hen I c a m e t o K ab u l ( 9 10 a n d he a l s o
i m p re s se d t he S e a l in D i w an .
K hw aj a A t a 3 w a s a n o t he r ; a lt ho u g h u n lik e tho s e a l re a dy
‘
,
m e n ti o n e d he w as n o t in h i g h o ffi c e o r F i n a n c e m i n i s t e r ( di w d n )
,
-
,
n o t h i n g w a s s e ttl e d wit h o u t h is c o n c u rre n c e t he w h o l e K hu ra
s an at o v e r H e w a s a pi o u s p ra yi n g u p r i g h t ( m u t a a a iyirz )
.
, ,
’
p e rs o n he m u s t h a ve be e n d ili g e n t in b u s i n e s s a l so .
C d b g
N o e r s w o r s a o u t a c o n a t e r e fo rm o f la t e r a t e s u it t his m an s wo rk,
o unt v on
’
d ’
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it a so w a s a b ar t o the e fra u m e n t o f t h e d d
ro w n , a s t u m C
in - o c in t he a t h o f bl g bl k p
v
a a ric io u s c hie fs ( E mp e r or A k6 a r t r s i ,
1 I ) T h e o p o s.it io n m a e .
‘
A li -s h e r t o p d by
r e fo rm s o c e a r l
t o H u sa in s ly
’
a in a n d t o Hu sa in s
’
g ’
o ss , s t irs t h e q u e s t io n , bg l
W
e s
ha t wa s t he so u r c e o f his o w n in c o m e ? t o 8 7 3 A H h e w a s fo r so m e e a rs Up . y
d p d
t h e e e n a n t o f A hm a d j
H a i B e g ; h e t o o n o t hin fro m t he k
i r z a, b u t a e to g M gv
v p
h im ; h e m u s t ha e s e n t m u ch in e n e fa c t io n s b
T he q u e s t io n m a y ha e re s e n t e . v p d
it s e f t ol M l
B e in fo r he o se r e s ,
.
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A li sh e r q u i sa n s o u t e , a so n re t o u r de e i ,
’
d l xl
v ’
r ec o u ra l he rit a e d e s e s
g
’
p d p p p d
ere s , e t e u is o c c u a de ha u t es o s it io n s a n s le o u e rn e g v
py v
m e n t de s o n a s , a a it a c q u is u n e ra n e fo r t u n e g d
”
(j xv
A s ia t igu e ii, hi e . W l
n o t c o n t ra ic t in d gM ’
B e in s ie w t ha t e s t e
. l v v dp p y
ro e r t su ch a s c a n b e es c r i e as d bd
p l
a t e rn a in h e r it a n c e v p d
m a y ha e a sse fr o m fa t he r t o s o n , e e n in t ho s e v a s of dy
g v p p
fu it i e ro s e r it a n d c ha n in a y g g pp
o in t m e n t s , o n e c a n n o t b u t in fe r , fro m N a w a i s
’ ’
pp o s it io n t o Ma du d - lk k p l r i ht s g
’
o
j d i n , t h a t h e , i e t h e r e s t , t o o a ar t ia V ie w o f t h e
l
o f t h e c u t iva t o r .
T2
his wa s in 9 0 3 A H a ft e r s o m e 2 0 ea rs o f s e r ic e ( H S iii, 2 3 1
. y E t he I O v . . . .
C t p
a . .
3 Amir J a m al u d -di n
’ ‘
A t a u l-l ah , k n o wn l
a so as J a m al u
’
d -di n Hu sa in w r o t e a
,
H is t o y of Mu b a m m a a ( H S ’
. . iii, 34 5 ; Ri en s
’
P e rs . C at . p 14 7 .
(a co rre c t io n )
p 10 g I )
. .
9 11 A H .
—
] UNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MAY 24 T H 15 06 A D .
(j . Oi /z er s ) f
o t he C ou r t .
T ho s e e n u m e ra t e d we re S l H u s a i n M i rz a s re t a i n e rs a n d .
’
fo llo we rs H is w a s a w o n d e rfu l A g e ; in it K hu ras an a n d

.
I
,
F ol . 1 7 76 .
H e ri a b o ve a ll w a s fu ll o f l e a rn e d a n d m a t c h l e s s m e n
,
W ha t .
e v e r t h e w o r k a m a n t o o k u p he a i m e d a n d a s pi re d a t b r i n g i n g ,
‘
t ha t w o r k t o p e rfe c t i o n O n e s u c h m a n w a s M a u l an a A bd u r .
’
rrz i w h o w a s u n r iv a ll e d in his d a y fo r e s o t e r i c a n d
ra h m an
f d ,
e x o t e ri c k n o w l e d ge F a m o u s i n d e e d a re his p o e m s ! T he
.
M u l l a s d i g n i t y it is o u t o f m y p o w e r t o d e s c r ib e ; it ha s o c c u rre d
’
t o m e m e re ly t o m e n ti o n his ho n o u re d n a m e a n d o n e a t o m o f
h is e x c e ll e n c e a s a b e n e d i c ti o n a n d g o o d o m e n fo r thi s p a r t o f
,
m y hu m bl e b o o k .
S ha ikhu l-i s l am S a ifu d -di n A h m a d w a s a n o t he r H e wa s o f

’ ’
.
t he l i n e o f t ha t M u ll a S a d u d -d i n ( M a s ad ) T af t a z dn i w ho s e ‘ ’ ‘ 2
d e s c e n d a n t s fro m h is ti m e d o w n wa rd s ha v e g ive n t he S ha ikhu l ’
i s l am t o K hu ras an H e wa s a v e ry l e a rn e d m a n a d m i ra bly .
,
ve rs e d in t he A ra bi a n s c i e n c e s 3 a n d t he T ra d iti o n s m o s t G o d ,
fe a r i n g a n d o rt h o d o x H i m s e l f a S h a fi i 4 h e w a s t o l e r a n t o f a ll
‘
.
,
t he s e c t s P e o pl e s a y he n e ve r o n c e in 7 0 y e a rs o m itt e d t he
.
C o n g re g a t i o n a l P ra ye r H e wa s m a rty re d w he n S hah I s m a i l .
‘
t o o k H e ri ( 9 16 A H ) t he re n o w re m a i n s n o m a n o f his .
ho n o u re d l i n e 5 .
M a u l an a S ha ik h H u s a i n wa s a n o t he r ; he is m e n t i o n e d he re ,
a lt ho u g h h is fi r s t a pp e a ra n c e a n d h is p ro m o ti o n w e re u n d e r
s a i d M i rz a be c a u s e he w a s l ivi n g s t ill u n d e r S l H u s a i n
‘
S l A. b a -
, . F ol
. 1 78 .
M i rz a B e i n g w e ll -ve rs e d in t he s c i e n c e s o f p hil o s o p hy l o g i c
.
,
a n d r he t o r i c he w a s a bl e t o fi n d m u c h m e a n i n in a f e w w o d
, g r s
a n d t o b r i n g it o u t o pp o rt u n e ly in c o n v e rs a ti o n B e i n g ve ry .
i i t d i fl ti l wit S l A b s a i d M i rz a he t o o k p a r t
‘
n t m a e a n n u e n a h a - .
,
in a ll m o m e n t o u s a ff a i rs o f t he M i rz a s d o m i n i o n s ; t he re wa s
’
A m o n s t n o t ic ea e o m iss io n s fro m Bab u r s is t o f H e ri ce e rit ie s a re Mir

g bl ’
l lb
K h w an d Shah h is r a n s o n K h wan d - a m i r, g
H u sa in K a y /t if f an d d
Mu in u d -di n a l Za mji , a ut ho r o f a H ist ory of H a r d t wh ich was n ishe in
’
fi d
897 AH .
2 ’ ‘
Sa d u d di n
- ‘
a s a , so n o f
‘
M d
m a r , wa s a n a t i e o f a ft in U
a z , w he n c e h is v T Y d
g - -‘
c o n o m e n ( Ba ar i a a m ) b j
h e ie in 79 2 A IL — 1 39 0 A D ( H S iii, 5 9 , 34 3 d d . . . TR . .
p 2 36 ;
.
’
R
ien s e r s C a t P
35 2 , . . pp .
3 T
he se a re t ho s e c o n n ec t e w it h ra m m a r a n d rhe t o ric ( Ers in e ) d g k .
4 T
his is o n e o f t h e fo u r r in c ip a s ec t s o f p
u h a m m a a n is m ( E rs in e ) l M d k .
5 TR p
. 2 3 5 , fo r Shah
. .
‘
s m a i s m u r e r s in H e ri
’
I l d .
K AB U L
I
no b e tt e r m u ki a s i6 t h i s will h a v e b e e n w hy he w a s s o m u c h
t ru s t e d B e c a u s e he ha d b e e n a n i n t i m a t e o f t ha t M i rz a t he
.
,
fl
i n c o m p a ra bl e m a n wa s t re a t e d wit h i n s u lt in S I H u s a i n .
M i rz a s t i m e ’
.
M u ll a-z ad a M u ll a U s m an w a s a n o t he r H e wa s a n a tive o f ‘
.
5
C hi rkh in t he L u h fi g u r t m d n o f t he t am e? ” o f K ab u l a n d w a s
,
ca ell d t h e B o r n M u ll a ( M u ll d -z d da ) b e c a u s e in A fi l fi g h Be g
’
Mi rz a s t i m e he u s e d t o g ive l e s s o n s w he n 14 ye a rs o ld H e w e n t
’
.
t o H e ri o n h is w a y fro m S a m a r k a n d t o m a k e t he c i rc u it o f t he
ka 6a w a s t he re s t o pp e d a n d m a d e t o re m a i n by S I H u s a i n
‘
.
, ,
M i rz a H e w a s v e ry l e a r n e d t he m o s t s o o f his ti m e P e o pl e
.
, .
a
s y h e w a s n e a r i n g t h e r a n k o f Ijt ih a d 3 b u t h e d id n o t r e a c h it .
I t is s a id o f him t ha t he o n c e a s k e d H o w s ho u ld a p e r s o n ,
fo rg e t a t h i n g he a r d ? A s t ro n g m e m o ry he m u s t h a v e h a d
Mr J
i a m alu d - d i n t h e T r a d
’
i t i o n a l i s t 4 w a s a n o the r H e ha d n o .
e q u a l in K h u ras an fo r k n o wl e d g e o f t he M u h a m m a d a n T ra diti o n s .
H e w a s a dv a n c e d in y e a rs a n d is s t il l a liv e (9 34 t o 9 3 7
M r Mu rt a was a n o e H e w a s w e l l v e rs e d in t he s c i e n c e s
i g t h r - .
o f p h il o s o p hy a n d m e t a p hy s i c s ; he w a s c a ll e d m u r z de ( a s c e ti c )
‘
b e c a u s e he fa s t e d a g re a t d e a l H e w a s m a dly fo n d o f c he s s .
,
s o m u c h s o t h a t if he h a d m e t t w o pl a y e rs he w o u ld h o ld o n e ,
by t he s ki rt w h il e he pl a ye d his g a m e o u t with t he o th e r a s ,
m u ch a s t o s ay D o n t go ,
’
Mi r Ma s fi d o f S he rw an w a s a n o t h e r 5
‘
.
M A bd u l gha far o f L ar wa s a n o t he r D i s c ipl e a n d p u pil

i r —
‘ ’
.
bo t h o f M a u l an a A bd u r -r a h m an f d m z he h a d re a d a l o u d m o s t
‘ ’ '
o f t he M u ll a s p o e m s ( m a g n a w z ) in his p re s e n c e a n d w ro t e
’ ‘
6
'
a pl a i n e xp o s iti o n o f t he Z Vaf a c i t H e ha d g o o d a c q u a i n t a n c e .
pe i t e d e t f P l ic e
Su r n n n o o who
, e x a m n es i g
w e i ht s , m eas u res and p visions l
ro , a so
p v t s g m bl i g d i ki g
re en a n , r n n and so on .
2
f 13 7
. .
3 T h e ra n of k M j
u t a h i , wh ic h is n o t est o w ed a n y in i i u a b d by
o r c a ss o f m e n dvd l l
l l
b u t wh ic h is t h e r es u t o f s o w a n d im erc e t i e O in io n , na p p bl p
r e a i in a nd fi lly p v l g
v
u n i e rsa lly k
a c no w e e , is o n e o f t h el dg d
re a t es t g p l
e c u ia r it ies o f t h e r e i io n o f e rsia lg P .
T he M j d
u t a hi is s u o se pp d lv d bv
t o b e e e a t e a o e h u m a n fe a rs a n d h u m a n e n o m e n t s , j y
v
a n d t o ha e a c e r t a in e r e e o f inf a i i it dg a n d in s ira t io n ll b l y p
H e is c o n s u t e wit h . l d
v
re e re n c e a n d a we . T
he r e is n o t a w a s a u t ahi l y
n e c e s sar i M j d
e is t in S ee ly x g .
K p
a e m fe r , A m oen i t a i es E x ot i ea e ( E rs in e ) k .
4 m u lz a a’a’a g
, one e rse v d
in t he t ra it io n a sa in s a n d a c t io n s o f d l y g
u ha m m a M d .
5 H S iii
, 34
. 0. .
6
E M O r 2 18 ( ien s e rs C a t R P p C y d d
’
. . . T he o m m e n ta r
. . wa s m a e in o r e r
.
to e xpla in t h e q a fid i t o
’
am i s s o n J .
K AB U L
w it h ldi e ri n g a n d m ili t a ry c o m m a n d t ha t e x c e pt o f t ho s e t wo
so ,
t a s k s w ha t c o u ld b e l e a rn e d fro m his c o n ve rs a t i o n P w ha t k n o w n
,
fro m his p e n ? T ho u g h he fa il e d in b o t h t ho s e t wo a m bi t i o n s ,
e n d e d by g ivi n g t o t he w i n d s h is g o o d s a n d h is l i fe h is ho u s e ,
H e m a y h a v e b e e n a S hi a
‘
a n d h is h o m e . .
( le . T ke P oet s .
)
F ol . 1 79 6 . T he a ll-s u r p opassing
e t -b a n d w a s M a u l an a he a d of t he
A bd u r-ra h m an jeim i O t he rs w e re S ha ikhi m S u h a il i a n d H a sa n

‘ ’ ’ ’
'
o f A li j a liz z r
‘
who s e n a m e s h a ve b e e n m e n ti o n e d a lre a dv a s In
‘
’
t he c i rc l e o f t he M i rz a 3 b e g s a n d ho u s e ho ld
’
.
A s a f 1 w a s a n o t he r he t a ki n g A s a f 1 fo r h is p e n n a m e b e c a u s e
,
he w a s a w a z i r s s o n H is v e rs e d o e s n o t w a n t fo r g ra c e o r
’
.
s e n ti m e n t b u t ha s n o m e r i t t h ro u g h p a s s i o n a n d e c s t a c y
, He .
h i m s e l f m a d e t he c l a i m I ha v e n e ve r p a c k e d u p my ,
”
o d e s t o m a k e t he o a s i s o f a c o ll e c ti o n 3 T h i s wa s .
a ffe c t a t i o n his y o u n g e r b ro t he rs a n d his i n t i m a t e s ha vi n g

,
c o ll e c t e d h is o d e s H e w r o t e l it t l e e l s e b u t o d e s
. H e wa i t e d .
o n m e w he n I w e n t i n t o K h u r as an ( 9 1 2
B a n a i wa s a n o t he r ; he w a s a n a t iv e o f H e ri a n d t o o k s u c h
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m e a s u re ; 5 it is r a n d o m a n d n o t w o rk e d u p A n o t he r s h o rt .
p o e m is in t he é kaf if m e a s u re s o a l s o is a l o n g e r o n e fi n i s he d ,
t o wa rd s t he e n d o f h is l i fe H e will ha v e k n o w n n o t h i n g o f .
m u s i c in h is y o u n g d a y s a n d A li -s he r B e g s e e m s t o ha v e t a u n t e d
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h im a b o u t it s o o n e w i n t e r w he n t he M i rz a t a ki n g A li -s he r Be g
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. d it h g d W
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is a ra e m e n t o f c o e c t io n s ll .
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di n B a n d i wa s t h e s o n o f a s a 6z -6cm d , a n a rc hit e c t , a o o g d
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1o ws c o n v e m e n t r e fe re n ce fo r e x a m p e s 0 f m e t re s l .
9 11 A IL — JUNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MAY 24 T H 15 06 A D .
wit h we n t t o w i n t e r in M e rv B a n a i s t a ye d b e h i n d in H e ri
him , ,
’
a n d s o a ppl i e d h i m s e l f t o s t u dy m u s i c t ha t be fo re t he he a t s he
ha d c o m p o s e d s e v e ra l w o r k s T he s e he pl a ye d a n d s a n g a i rs .
,
wi t h v a r i a t i o n s w he n t he M i rz a c a m e b a c k t o H e ri in t he he a t s
,
. F ol .
A ll a m a z e d A li -s he r Be g p ra i s e d h im H is m u s i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n s
‘
.
,
a re pe r fe c t o n e w a s a n a ir k n o w n a s N 44 6 -r 4474g ( N i n e m o d u l a
t i o n s ) a n d h a vi n g b o t h t he t he m e 0226 4574425 6 ) a n d t he v a r i a ti o n
,
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(y ) ll d B i -s he r B e
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i l a o n t h e n o t e c a e r el s t a n a w a s i g s
r iv a l it w ill h a v e b e en o n t h i s a c c o u n t h e w a s s o m u c h ill -t re a t e d .
e ve r p a rt s a ft e r Y a q fi b B e g s d e a t h ( 8 9 6 A H I 4 9 1 A D )
in t ho s e
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.
— .
b u t w e n t b a c k t o H e ri j u s t t he s a m e w it h h is j o k e s a n d r e t o rt s
, .
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h is le g t o u c he d B n a i i d e p a rt s a n d s a id j e s ti n g ly
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a o n t h e h n r -
,
I t is t he s a d n u i s a n c e o f H e ri t ha t a m a n c a n t s t re t c h his le g ’
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w i t ho u t it s t o u c h i n g a p o e t s b a c k s id e N o r d ra w it u p a g a i n
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.
,
re t o rt e d B a n a i In t he e n d t he u p s ho t o f h is j e s ti n g w a s t ha t
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he h a d t o l e a v e H e ri a g a i n ; h e w e n t t h e n t o S a m a r k a n d .
2
y d h i d b m d f A l h
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A g e r a t m a n g o o n e w t n g s u s e t o e a e o r i -s e r
Be g s o w he n e v e r a n y o n e p ro d u c e d a n o v e l t y he c a l l e d it A li
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s he r s in o rd e r t o g iv e it c r e di t a n d v o g u e 3 S o m e t h i n g s w e re
’
.
c a ll e d a ft e r h im in c o m pli m e n t e g b e c a u s e w he n he h a d e a r -a c he . .
,
he w ra pp e d h is he a d u p in o n e o f t he bl u e t r i a n g u l a r k e rc h i e fs
w o m e n t ie o v e r t he i r he a d s in w i n t e r t ha t k e rc h i e f w a s c a ll e d ,
‘
A li -s he r s c o m fo rt e r
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T he n a g a i n B a n a i w he n he ha d d e c id e d
.
,
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t o l e a v e H e ri o r d e re d a q u i t e n e w ki n d o f p a d fo r h is a s s a n d
,
d u bbe d it A li -s he r s ‘ ’
.
Ot he r j k o es ma d e by B ana
’
i at t he e xp e n se o f N a wa i
’
a re r e c o r d die n t he v i
ar ous
so ur c e s .
2
Ba b u r sa w B a n a i in Sa m a r
’
9 0 1 A H ( 14 9 6 k d fan at the en d o f . AD . .
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yd l d
H e r e D r L e e n s t ran s a t io n e n s o n e o t h e r fra m e n t w hic h h e t ra n s a t e wi
. g l d ll
d d
b e fo u n u n e r t h e ea r 9 2 5 A H ( E rs in e ) y k
his s t a t e m e n t a o ws a t t e n t io n t o b e
. . T ll
d ra w n t o t h e in e q u a it l y
o f t h e sh a r e s o f t h e w o r o n e fo r t h e e m o irs o f 1 8 2 6 kd M by
Le yd
en an d E r s in e I t is u s t t o Mr Er s in e , b u t a u s t ic e h e did n o t c a im ,
by k . j . k j l
to p
o in t o u t t ha t D r L e
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en s sh a re is s i h t . yd
o t h in a m o u n t a n d in q u a it ; his lg b l y
e sse n t ia l b
c o n t ri u t io n wa s t h e in it ia st im u u s h e a e t o t he rea t l
a o u rs o f h is l gv g l b
co ll ba o ra t o r .
3 So V g (b 1 5 6 2 d
of Lo pe de e a . . 16 3 5 b m mm It e ca e a co on p v b
ro er to
p i g d
ra se a g by ll i g it L p
oo t h in ca n a o e, so th t j w l ad i m d pi t e e s, a on s, c u re s, et c . w e re
i d i t
r a se t m by ll i g t h m his
n o es ee ca n e ( M t lv
on a i Ti k Sp an n c n or s
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a in s /z
'
L i t er a t u r e
ii,
K AB U L
M a u l an a S a i f i o f B u k hara w a s a n o t he r ; he wa s a M u ll a I
c o m pl e e w h i p f f h i m u ll a s h ip u s e d t o g iv e a l i s t o f
2 -
t o n ro o o s
t he b o o k s h e h a d r e a d H e p u t t w o a i w d m t o g e t he r o n e b e i n g
’
.
,
fo r t he u s e o f t ra d e s m e n ( 6 a rf a -6 a r ) a n d he a l s o w ro t e m a n y ,
fa bl e s T ha t he w ro t e n o m a m a w i is s he w n by t he fo ll o wi n g
.
q u a t ra i n
T h gh t he m g w b e t h t h d x v se ou a na
’
z e or o o er ,
I k w th de h s D ivi e mm d no e o a n co an
F iv c pl t t h t c h m t he h e t e ou e s a ar ar
I k ow t t m t c h t he T w Q i t et s 3 n o ou a o u n .
A P e rs i a n p ro so dy he w ro t e is a t o n c e b r i e f a n d p ro l ix b r i e f in ,
t he s e n s e o f o m it t i n g t h i n g s t ha t s h o u ld b e i n c l u d e d a n d p ro l i x in ,
t he s e n s e t ha t pl a i n a n d s i m pl e m a t t e rs a re d e t a il e d d o w n t o t he
d i a c r iti c a l p o i n t s d o w n e ve n t o t he i r A ra bi c p o i n t s 4 H e is s a id
, .
t o h a v e b e e n a g re a t d r i n k e r a b a d d r i n k e r a n d a m i g htily s t ro n g , ,
fi st ed m an .
H e w a s fro m
‘
A bd u l -lah t he m a g n a w i —w r i t e r wa s
’
a n o t he r 5 .
J and M u ll a s s i s t e r s s o n H ati f i w a s
w a s t he h is p e n -n a m e
’
m
’
a . .
6
H e w ro t e p o e m s ( m a g n a w z ) in e m u l a ti o n o f t he T w o Q u i n t e t s
‘
a n d c a ll e d th e m H af t -m a n g a r ( S e v e n -fa c e s ) in i m it a t i o n o f t h e
H af t -p a i6 a r ( S e v e n -fa c e s ) In e m u l a ti o n o f t he S i6 a rz a a r -rz am a
.
’
he c o m p o s e d t he T i m zZr -n ci m a H is m o s t re n o w n e d m a m a w z is
’
L a il a a n d Mai n b u t it s r e p u t a t i o n is g re a t e r t ha n it s c ha r m
,
.
Mi r H u s a i n t he E n i g m a ti s t 7 w a s a n o t he r H e s e e m s t o ha ve .
ha d n o e q u a l in m a ki n g r iddl e s t o h a v e g iv e n his w ho l e ti m e t o ,
it a n d t o ha v e b e e n a c u r i o u s ly hu m bl e d i s c o n s o l a t e ( n i -m u r ci a )
, ,
’
a n d h a r m l e s s ( 6i 6a a ) p e rs o n
- ’
F ol . 18 1 . .
Mi r M u h a m m a d B a da 66 s /44 o f Is hki m i sh wa s a n o the r A s '
Is hki m i s h IS n o t in B a d a kh s h an it is o dd he s ho u ld ha v e m a d e it ,
2
M la au na Sa if i , know n as
‘
A rfi z i fro m h is m a st e r y in p ro so dy ( Rieu
’
s Pe rs . C at .
p
pd y ll
H e re e a n t r w i b e im ie in t h e m u llah o o d
2
pl d .
3 K li a m s a t i n
( i nf r a f 1 8 0 6 an d n o t e ) . .
4 T
h is app e a rs t o m e a n t h a t n o t o n t h e s a rse ia c rit ica o in t in ly
c o m m o n in p d lp g
w r it in gPe rs ia n w a s d l
e a t w it h b u t a s o t h e f u e r A ra ic l ll b .
5 H e is b ke st n o wn by
h is p e n -n a m e H at ifi T he B and ha e se e ra o f . . M . v v l
his o o s b k .
6
K li a m s a t i n g dd
H at if i r e a r e h im se f a s t h e s u c c e sso r o f N iz am i a n d
. l
hu sra u ; K
k
t his , t a e n wit h B ab u r s u se o f t h e wo r
’
d
K 6 a m ra t z n o n f 7 a n d h e r e , a n d Sa if i s
’ ’
j u st a o e , bv l d p
e a s t o t h e o in io n t h a t t h e K lz a m ra t z n o f t he B a6 u r - n 4i m a a re a w a s
'
l y
t ho se o f N iz am i a n d K
h u s ra u , t /z e T wo u in t e t s ( ie n s e rs C a t
’
Q R P . . p
.
a u an a Mi r K a m al u d -
M l R dx ’
7 ’
di n H u sa in o f Nishap fi r ( ie u l c in e s n E t he s . . . .
I O C at
. . . pp
4 33 a nd .
K AB U L
M u ha m m a d S a Zi/z wa s v e ry wi c k e d ty ra n n i c a l and he a rtl e s s

’
a ,
I
p e rs o n .
M a u l an a S hah H u s a i n K am i w a s a n o t he r T he re a re n o t 2
.
b a d v e rse s o f his ; he w ro t e o d e s a n d a l s o s e e m s t o h a ve p u t ,
t o g e t he r
’
a a i w a rz
’
H il al i ) (N e w -m o o n ill liv C o rr e c t a n d
w a s a n o t he r he is st a e 3 .
g r a c e fu l t ho u g h his o d e s a re t he y m a k e littl e i m p re s s i o n T h e re ,
.
is a di w a n o f h is ;
4 a n d t he r e is a l s o t he p o e m ( m a g n a t e/ i ) in t he
6 6 af if m e a s u r e e n t i t l e d S 6 4i6 a n d D a r w is 6 o f w h i c h fa i r t ho u g h
, ,
m a n y c o u pl e t s a re t he b a s i s a n d p u r p o rt a re ho ll o w a n d b a d
,
.
A n c i e n t p o e t s w he n w r iti n g o f l o v e a n d t he l o v e r ha ve re p re s e n t e d ,
t he l o v e r a s a m a n a n d t he b e l o v e d a s a w o m a n b u t H il al i ha s
m a d e t he l o v e r a d a rw i s h t he b e l o v e d a ki n g w i t h t he r e s u l t , ,
t ha t t he c o u pl e t s c o n t a i n i n g t he ki n g s a c t s a n d w o rd s s e t him ’
fo rt h a s s ha m e l e s s a n d a b o m i n a bl e I t is a n e x t re m e e ffro n t e ry .
in H il al i t ha t fo r a p o e m s s a k e he s ho u ld d e s c r ib e a y o u n g m a n
’
a n d t h a t y o u n g m a n a k i n g a s r e s e m bli n g t he s h a m e l e s s a n d ,
i m m o ra l 5 I t is he r d s a id t ha t H il al i ha d a v e ry re t e n t iv e
'
a .
-
m e m o ry a n d t ha t he h a d by he a r t 30 o r
, c o u pl e t s a n d t he ,
re a t e r p a r t o f t he T w o Q u i n t e t s ll m o t u e f l fo t he m i n u t i a e —
g a s s u r ,
o f p r o s o dy a n d t he a r t o f v e r s e .
6
A h l i w a s a n o t he r ; he w a s o f t he c o m m o n p e o pl e Cam i ) ,
fl
w ro t e v e rs e n o t b a d e v e n p ro d u c e d a d i w an , .
Muh l d
Sa ih o es n o t sho w we in h is o o
. ll
h e is s o m e t im es c o a r se , o a ts o er b k gl v
p l
s o i wh e t h e r in h u m a n c a t i e s o r
“
o o s, a n d, p v g d
h is o o - irt h n o t -fo r i in , is g db b dd g
a se rv i e l a t t e re r
’
B ab u r s wo r . h ea r t ess d
is u st ; it m u s t ha e ha d sha r l j v p
p ro m t inp g fro m Salih s re o ic in in t h e o w n fa o f T he
’
j g ’
han s , Bab u r s u n c es d ll K l .
2
t h e L o n e r ( H S iii, g . .
3 M l
au an a B a ru
’
-di n
( d d
u -m o on o f t h e a it h ) w F ll
h os e p e n -n a m e wa s H i a i wa s
, F l l
o f A s ta r a a bd
It m a y b e n o t e
. t ha t t w o da t e s o f his d
e a t h a r e fo u n , 9 3 6 a n d d d
9 39 A H t h e rst i e n
. fi gv
de Sa c , t h e se c o n by y
ie u , a n d t ha t t he s e c o n s e e m s t o d by R d
b e c o rr e c t (N ot et E x t r . 285 ; e rs C a t . p . P
6 5 6 ; H a m m e r s Ges c /z ic/z t e
’
. . p . p .
4 E M Add.
7 78 3
. . .
p
5 O in io n s d
iffer a s t o t he c ha ra c t e r o f t h is w o r z Bab u r s is u n c o m r o m is in ;
— ’
k p g
v on H am m e r ( 6
3 9) p
e s c r i es it
. as ei n d b
r om a n t i rc /z es
’
c/z es c i n e
Gea i c/z t , w e Z
s en t i m en t a le Ma m z er li e6e 6e 6 a n a e lt p g p y l
'
S re n e r ( a s a m s t ica m agn a wi
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.
p
( o em ) ; R fi d p
ie u n s n o s ir it u a s m o is m in it a n d c o n e m n s it ( e rs C a t l y b l 6 56 d P . . p .
a n d , q u o t in g bv p
t h e a o e a ss a e o f B a u r , g b p
E t h é, who ha s t ra n s a t e it , t a es . l d k
y l y b
it t o b e m s t ic a a n d s m o ic ( I O C a t l . p . . .
6
g
Of fo u r w r it e rs u s in t h e p e n -n a m e Ah i ( O f-the - e o e ) , v iz t h o se o f u r an , l p pl . T
Shi raz , T a rshi z ( in K
hu ras an ), a n d
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raq , t h e o n e n o t ic e I
he r e s e e m s t o b e he o f d
T a rshi z l
Ah i o f T a rshi z wa s t he s o n o f a o c a
. - n o wn io u s fa t he r a n d e c a m e l lly k p b
p
a S u e r in t e n e n t o f t h e d M
in t
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Bab u r s am i m a y re fe r t o A h li s rs t a t ro n s , t a n n e r s
’
fi p
a n d sh o e - m a e rs k by
w r it in fo r wh o m h e e a rn e g
h is i in ( S r e n e r, d lv g p g p .
k
E r s in e r e a
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d
u m m i , m e a n in t ha t A h i c o u g
n e it h e r r e a n o r w r it e ld e C o u r t e ille ld d
t ha t h e wa s a n Iz om m e a’u com m u n .
9 11 A H .
— JUNE 4 T H 15 05 T O MA Y 24 T H 15 06 A D .
( 1
. A r t is t s .
)
O f fi n e p e n -m e n t he re w e re m a n y ; t he o n e s t a n d i n g -o u t in
I
44 a 6 6 s 6 t a l i o w a s S l A li o f M a s hha d w ho c o pi e d m a n y b o o k s fo r
‘ ‘
.
t he M i rz a a n d fo r A li —s he r Be g w r i t i n g d a ily 30 c o u pl e t s fo r
‘
t he fi rs t 2 0 fo r t he s e c o n d
, .
O f t he p a i n t e rs o n e w a s B ih -z ad ,
H is w o r k w a s v e ry d a i n t y .
2
b u t he did n o t d ra w be a rdl e s s fa c e s w e ll ; he u s e d g re a t ly t o
l e n g t he n t he d o u bl e c h i n (g 6 a 6-g 6 a 6) ; b e a rd e d fa c e s he d re w
a d m i ra bly .
S hah M u z a ffa r w a s a n o t he r he p a i n t e d d a i n t y p o rt r a i t s ,
r e p r e s e n t i n g t he h a i r v e ry d a i n t ily 3 S ho rt li fe w a s g ra n t e d .
h im he l e ft t he w o r ld w he n o n h is u p w a r d w a y t o fa m e .
O f m u s i c i a n s a s h a s b
,
e e n s a id n o -o n e pl a y e d t he d u l c i m e r
,
s o w e ll a s K h w aj a A bd u l lah Ma r a /ar i d
‘ ’
- .
u l-i-m u h a m m a d t he l u t a n i s t a s a n o t he r ; a l so
Q w he
pl a ye d t he g u i t a r (g 6 ic6 a 6 ) be a u ti fu lly a n d a dd e d t hre e s t ri n g s
fl
t o it . F o r m a n y a n d g o o d p re l u d e s ( p es 6 r a 44 ) he ha d n o t h is
e q u a l a m o n g s t c o m p o s e rs o r p e r fo r m e r s b u t t h i s is o n ly t ru e o f ,
his p re l u d e s .
S ha ik hi t he a u t is t ( n ay i ) w a s a n o t he r ; it is s a id he pl a y e d
a l s o t he l u t e a n d t he g u i t a r a n d t h a t h e h a d pl a y e d t he fl u t e ,
fro m his 12 t h o r 1 3 t h y e a r H e o n c e p ro d u c e d a w o n d e rfu l a ir

.
o n t he fl u t e a t o n e o f B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a s a s s e m bl i e s
‘
Q
’ ’
, u l
m u h a m m a d c o u ld n o t r e p r o d u c e it o n t he g u i t a r s o d e c l a re d ,
"
t h i s a w o r t h l e s s i n s t ru m e n t ; S ha ik hi N ay 4 a t o n c e t o o k t he /
-i-m u h a m m a d s ha n d s a n d pl a y e d t he a ir o n it
i f Q
’
g u t a r r o m u l ,
w e l l a n d in p e rfe c t t u n e T he y s ay he w a s s o e xp e rt in m u s i c
.
t ha t h a vi n g o n c e he a r d a n a ir he w a s a bl e t o s a y
“ Thi s o r t ha t
, ,
”
is t he t u n e o f So -a n d -s o s o r s o -a n d -s o s fl u t e 4 H e c o m po se d
’ ’
.
fe w w o r k s o n e o r t w o a i rs a re he a r d o f .
S h h Q l h i pl a y e r w a s a n o t he r ; he w a s o f I r aq c a m e
‘
a u i t e t a -
g u r ,
i n t o K hu ras an p ra c t i s e d pl a yi n g a n d s u c c e e d e d H e c o m p o s e d
, , .
m a n y a i rs p re l u d e s a n d w o r k s ( 44a 6 6 s 6 p es 6 r a 44 44 a is 6 /42r )
, , .
H e was a n o c ca s io na lp
o e t ( H S iii, 3 5 0 a n d iv , 1 1 8. . ie n s e rs C a t 5 3 1 R ’
P . . p .
’
E t he s I O C a t
. . . p .
2
U d st a K a m alu d -di n B ih -z ad ( we - o rn
’
H S iii, 3 ll b
or o f h is is . . W k
p d
r e ro d u c e in D r
’
M
a r t in s P a i n t i n g a n d P a i n t er s o P e r s i a o f 1 9 1 3 A D
.
f .
3 T h is s e n t en c e is n o t in t h e E l h
p MS . .
4
P p
e rha s h e c o u ld p
r e r od u c e t u n e s h e a r a n d sa y wh e r e h e a r d d .
K AB U L
H u s a i n t he l u t a n i s t wa s a n o t he r ; he c o m p o s e d a n d pl ay e d .
w i t h t a s t e ; h e w o u ld t wi s t t he s t r i n g s o f h is l u t e i n t o o n e a n d
pl a y o n t ha t H is fa u l t w a s a ffe c t a ti o n a b o u t pl ayi n g H e
. .
m a d e a fu s s o n c e w he n S ha ib aq K han o rd e re d h im t o pl a y a n d ,
n o t o n ly pl a y e d b a dly b u t o n a w o r t h l e s s i n s t r u m e n t h e ha d
b ro u g ht in pl a c e o f h is o wn T he K han s a w t hro u g h him a t.
o n c e a n d o r d e re d h im t o b e w e ll b e a t e n o n t he n e c k t h e re a n d ,
t he n . T h i s w a s t he o n e g o o d a c t i o n S ha ib aq K han d id in t he
w o rld it w a s w e ll -d o n e t ru ly ! a w o rs e c ha s ti s e m e n t is t he cl u e
o f s u c h a ffe c t e d m a n n iki n s !
G hu l am -i-s had i ( S l a ve o f F e s t ivity ) t he s o n o f S h ad i t he ,
r e c i t e r w a s a n o th e r o f t he m u s i c i a n s
,
T ho u g h he p e r fo r m e d .
,
he d id it l e s s w e ll t ha n t ho se o f t he c i rc l e j u s t d e s c r ib e d T h e re .
a re e x c e ll e n t t he m e s ( sat ) a n d b e a u t i fu l a i r s ( 44a 6 6 s 6 ) o f his ;
n o -o n e in h is d a y c o m p o s e d s u c h a i rs a n d t h e m e s In t he e n d .
S ha ib aq K han s e n t h im t o t he Q az an Kh an M u h a m m a d A m i n ; ,
n o fu r t he r n e w s h a s b e e n he a r d o f h im .
Mi r A z fi w a s a n o t he r c o m p o se r n o t a p e r fo r m e r ; he p ro d u c e d
,
fe w w o r k s b u t t ho s e fe w w e re in g o o d t a s t e .
B a n a i w a s a l so a m u s i c a l c o m p o s e r ; t he re a re e x c e ll e n t a i rs
’
a n d t he m e s o f h is .
‘
A n u n r iv a ll e d m a n w a s t he w re s tl e r M u h a m m a d B ii -s a i d ;
he w a s fo re m o s t a m o n g s t t he w re s tl e rs w ro t e v e rs e t o o c o m , ,
p o se d t he m e s a n d a i rs o n e e x c e ll e n t a r o f his b e i n g in c6 a g a 6
'
i,
r -
( fo u r -t i m e
) a n d he w a s pl e a s a n t c o m p a n y I t is e x t ra o rdi n a ry
,
—
.
t h a t s u c h a c c o m pli s h m e n t s a s h is s h o u ld b e c o m bi n e d wit h
w re s t lin g .
I
H I ST O R I C A L N A R R A T I V E RE S U M E D .
(a . B u r ia lf o S i H u s a in
. Mi r z a ) .
A t t he t i m e S l H u s a i n M i rz a t o o k h is d e p a rt u re fro m t he
.
w ld h re p t e M
h n ly B a d u z z a m an
‘ ’
o r t e r,
e w e r e s e n t o f i r z as o i —
M z i r a a n d M u z a ffa r i h u s a i n M i rz a
- - T he l a t t e r h a d b e e n h is
.
fa t he r s fa v o u r i t e s o n ; his l e a d i n g b e g w a s M u h a m m a d B a ra n d aq
’
B a r las his m o t he r K ha dija B e g i m h a d b e e n t he M i rz a s m o s t

’
M . l
Be in q u o t e s q u a t ra in s e xc h g d by
an e A li -she r
‘
a nd t his m an (I
. A s ia t iq u e
x vn ,
9 12 A IL — MA Y 24 T H 1 5 06 TO MA Y I 3 T H 15 07 A D .
I
( a . B a6u r sta rts t o joi n 5 1 H u s a in

. M
In t he m o n t h M u h a rr a m w e s e t o u t by w a y o f G hfi r-b u n d
of
an d S h ib r -t a t o o pp o s e t he A fi z b e g .
A s J a han gi r M i rz a ha d g o n e o u t o f t he c o u n t ry in s o m e s o rt
o f d i s pl e a s u re we s a id ,
T h e re m i g h t c o m e m u c h m i s c h i e f a n d
,
“
t ro u bl e if he d re w t he c l a n s ( a i m cig ) t o h i m s e l f ; and W ha t
t ro u bl e m i g ht c o m e o f it ! and
“ ”
F i rs t l e t s g e t t he c l a n s in ’
”
ha n d ! S o s a id we h u rr i e d fo rw a rd r idi n g li g ht a n d l e a vi n g
, ,
t he b a gg a g e ( 61127 229 ) a t U s h t u r -s ha h r in c h a rg e o f W a l i t he
t re a s u re r a n d D a u l a t -q a d a m o f t he s c o u t s T ha t da y w e re a c he d .
F o r t Z a h aq fro m t he re we c ro s s e d t he p a s s o f t he L i t tl e -d o m e
( G u m b a z a k -kfi t a l
) t r a m pl e d , t h r o u g h S a i g h a n w e n t o v e r t h e ,
D a n d an -s h ik a n p a s s a n d d i s m o u n t e d in t he m e a d o w o f K ah m a r d .
F ro m K ahm a rd w e s e n t S a yyid A fz a l t he S e e r-o f-d re a m s

( K 6 w 4i 6 a n d S ] M u h a m m .a d t o S l H u s a i n M i r z a .
w it h a l e tt e r g ivi n g t he p a r ti c u l a rs o f o u r s t a r t fro m K ab u l ?
J a han gi r M i rz a m u s t ha v e l a g g e d o n t he ro a d fo r w he n he ,
g o t O pp o s it e B a m i an a n d w e n t w i t h 2 0 o r 3 0 p e rs o n s t o vi s i t it ,
he s a w n e a r it t he t e n t s o f o u r p e o pl e l e ft with t he b a gg a ge .
T h i n ki n g we we re t he re he a n d h is p a rt y hu rr i e d b a c k t o t he i r
,
c a m p a n d wit ho u t a n e e t o a n yt h i n w i t h t e a r d fo r t he i r
, y g o u r g ,
o w n p e o pl e m a rc h i n i t h m d ff f Y k - fi la 3
g n e r e a r a e o o r a a a n g
,
.
( 6 A c t
. ion f
o S 6 a i6cig K 6 4244 .
)
W he n Sha ib aq K han ha d l a id s i e g e t o B a lk h in wh i c h wa s ,
S Q
l u.l-i-n c aq
a h 4 he s e n t t wo o r t hre e s u l t an s wi t h 3 o r 4 00 0
,
m e n t o o v e r ru n B a d a k hs han A t t he t i m e M u b arak S hah a n d .
Elp h MS f 1 44 ;
. . .
-i-B W
2 1 5 f 14 8 6 a n d 2 1 7 f 1 2 5 6 ;
. . em s . 199 . M . p. .
2
N e w s o f H u sa in s
’
d
ea t h in 9 1 1 A H ( f 16 36) did n o t re a c h Ba u r t i 9 1 2 A H
. . b ll .
(f I 8
3 Lon e- m e a o w (f d . a h an i r w i J g ll v
ha e c o m e o e r t h e
‘
r aq - ’
a s s , B ab u r s v I p
b gg g
a a e- co n o , v y byShi r -til Cf b . TR p
1 9 9 fo r B a u r a n d
. . a han i r a t t h is t im e
. . b J g .
4
v
Se r a n t -o f-t h e -m a c e b u t e rha s , p p Ql j
i in -c haq , s w o r s -m a n d .
294
9 12 A H .
— MA Y 24 T H 15 06 T O MAY I3 T H 15 07 A D .
Z u b a i r ha d a g a i n j o i n e d N as i r M i rz a s pi t e o f fo rm e r re se n t m e n t s
a n d bi c k e r i n g s a n d t he y a ll w e re lyi n g a t S ha kd an be l o w
,
,
K i shm
-
,
a n d e a s t o f t h e K is h m -wa te r M o vi n g t hro u g h t he n i g ht o n e .
,
b o dy o f A fi z be g s c ro s s e d t ha t w a t e r a t t he t o p o f t he m o rn i n g
a n d a dv a n c e d o n t he M i rz a he a t o n c e d re w o ff t o r i s i n g -g ro u n d ,
m u s t e re d h is fo rc e s o u n d e d t ru m p e t s m e t a n d o v e rc a m e t he m
, ,
.
B e h i n d t he A fi z b e g s wa s t he K i s hm -w a t e r in fl o o d m a n y w e re ,
d ro w n e d in it a m a s s o f t he m d i e d by a rro w a n d s w o rd m o re
, ,
w e re m a d e p r i s o n e r A n o t he r b o dy o f A fi z b e g s s e n t a g a i n s t .
,
M u b ara k S hah a n d Z u b a i r wh e re t he y lay h i g he r u p t he wa t e r ,
a n d n e a re r K i s h m m a d e t he m r e ti r e t o t he r i s i n g -g ro u n d O f t hi s
fl
.
,
t he M i rz a he a rd w he n he ha d b e a t e n o ff h is o wn a s s a il a n t s he ,
m o v e d a g a i n s t t he i rs S o did t he K o h i s t an be g s g a t he re d wi t h .
,
ho rs e a n d fo o t s t ill h i g he r u p t he r iv e r
,
U n a bl e t o m a k e s t a n d .
a g a i n s t t h i s a t t a c k t he A fi z b e g s e d b u t o f t h i s b o dy a l s o a m a s s
, ,
d i e d by s wo rd a rro w a n d w a t e r In a ll s o m e 1000 t o 1 5 00 m ay
, , .
h a ve d i e d T hi s wa s N as i r M i rz a s o n e g o o d s u c c e s s a m a n o f
.
’
h is b ro u g ht u s n e w s a b o u t it w h il e w e w e re in t he d a l e o f K ahm a rd .
( i n t o K 6 u ra s 4i n )
' '
c . B a6u r m ov es on .
W h il e K ah m a rd o u r a rm y fe t c he d c o rn fr o m
w e w e r e in ,
G huri a n d D a han a T he re t o o we ha d l e t t e rs fro m S ayyid .
A fz a l a n d S I M u h a m m a d 0 44144444 w ho m w e ha d s e n t i n t o
.
K hu ras an t he i r n e w s w a s o f S I H u s a i n M i rz a s d e a t h .
’
.
T h i s n e w s n o t w i t hs t a n d i n g w e s e t fo rw a rd fo r K hu ras an ; ,
t ho u gh t he re w e re o t he r g ro u n d s fo r d o i n g t h i s w ha t d e c id e d ,
u s w a s a n xi o u s t ho u g h t fo r t he re p u t a ti o n o f t h i s ( T i m fi r id )
dy n a s t y . W
e w e n t u p t he t r o u g h ( a i c6 4 ) o f t he Aj a r -v a ll e y o n
‘
o ve r T r i p a n d Ma n da g han c r o s s e d t he B a lk h —w a t e r a n d c a m e
fl
,
o u t o n S af-h ill H e a r i n g t he re t ha t A fi z b e g s w e re o v e rru n n i n g

.
S an a n d C har-y a k w e s e n t a fo rc e u n d e r Q as i m B e g a g a i n s t ,
I
t he m he g o t u p wit h t he m b e a t t he m w e ll c u t m a n y he a d s , ,
”
a n d r e t u rn e d
W
o , .
e la y a fe w d a y s in t he m e a d o w o f S af-h ill w a i t i n g fo r ,
n e w s o f J a h an i r M i r z a a n d t he c l a n s ( 4447 4442 ) t o w h o m p e rs o n s
g 9
O I
ff ne o f th Cha -y k m y b c m p
o u r, a o ur t f th. m f t h w e ll r a a e a o o nen o e na e o e
k w pl
no n f K ab l
ace, Cha ika
11. o b t l t h C 6 2 i it m y b H i dii t a i
u , r r
”
u a so e 4 r n a e n s n
an d f t t h e pe m it s -t -p s
re e r o ft t ll p id giv
r t ca v h lt d th f o a s a er o s a , en o ra ans a e e re or
t x ti
a a R on t y w it
. it C h a i aka
av e r r es r r.
K AB U L
ha d be e n se n t . Wh e un e t d o nce, t ho s e hill s be i n g ve ry fu l l of
wild p a n d go at s
s he e A ll t he c l a n s c a m e in a n d w a i t e d
o n m e w i t h i n a fe w d a y s ; it w a s t o m e t he y c a m e ; t h e y ha d
n o t g o n e t o J a han g i r M i rz a th o u g h he h a d s e n t m e n o ft e n
d di n Ma s fi d
‘
e n o u g h t o t he m o n e di g v I m d He
’ ‘
c s e n n e e n a u - .
,
h i m s e l f w a s fo rc e d t o c o m e a t l a s t ; he s a w m e a t t he fo o t o f
v
t he a e ll y w he n I c a m e d o w n o ff S a f -h ill B e i n g a n xi o u s a bo u t .
K hu ras an we n e i t he r p a id h im a t t e n ti o n n o r t o o k t ho u g ht fo r
,
t he c l a n s b u t w e n t r i g ht o n t h ro u g h G u rz wan A l m ar Q a i s ar
, , , ,
C hi c hi k t a a n d
- F a k h ru d -d i,
n s - d e a t h ( a 42142m ) i n t o t he B am
’ ’
v a ll e y o n e o f t he d e p e n d e n c i e s o f B ad g hi s
,
.
T he w o r ld b e i n g fu ll o f d ivi s i o n s t h i n g s w e re be i n g t a k e n
1
,
fro m c o u n t ry a n d p e o pl e wit h t he l o n g a r m ; we o u rs e lv e s b e g a n
t o t a k e s o m e thi n g by l a yi n g a n i m p o s t o n t he T u r k s a n d c l a n s
,
'
o f t h o s e p a rt s in t wo o r t h re e m o n t h s t a ki n g p e rh a p s 30 0 t um an s
,
of 6 ip 6 4 ?
’
Mi r z as )
'
( a
’
. C oa lit ion f
o t6 e K 6 u r 42s 4244 .
A fe wd a y s b e fo re o u r a rr iva l ( in Bam -v a ll e y P) s o m e o f t he
K hu ras an li ght t ro o p s a n d o f Zfi n -n an B e g s m e n h a d we ll ’ ’
be a t e n A fi z b e g ra id e rs in P an d dih ( P a n j dih P) a n d Ma rfi c haq

- -
,
killi n g a m a s s o f m e n 3 .
B a di u z z a m an M i rz a a n d M u z a ff i -h u s a i n M i rz a wit h
‘ ’
a r -
M u h a m m a d B a ra n d aq B a r las Zfi n -n an A rg 6 4244 a n d h is s o n ,
’
S hah Be g re so lve d t o m o v e o n S ha ib aq K han th e n b e s i e g i n g ,
S l Q u l-i-n a c haq
. in B a lk h A c c o r d i n g ly t he y s u m m o n e d a ll .
S l H u s a i n M i rz a s s o n s a n d g o t o u t o f H e ri t o e ffe c t t he i r
’
.
,
p u rp o s e A t C hi h il -d u k ht a ran A b fi l-m u h s i n M j o i n e d t he m
.
’
.
fro m M a r v ; Ib n -i-h u s a i n M fo ll o w e d c o m i n g u p fro m T i m a n d .

,
Q ai n K fi p u k ( K i p ik) M wa s in M a s hha d ; o ft e n t ho u g h t he y
. .
s e n t t o h im he b e ha v e d u n m a n ly s p o k e s e n s e l e s s w o r d s a n d did
, , ,
no t co m e B e tw e e n him a n d M u z a ffa r M i rz a t he re w a s j e a l o u s y ;
.
,
wh e n M u z a ffa r M w a s m a d e (j o i n t -) ru l e r he s a id H o w s ho u ld
.
, ,
'
I g o t o 6 i s p re s e n c e ? T hro u g h t h i s d i s g u s t i n g j e a l o u s y he d id
2
g d p
A m o n s t t he is ru t io n s o f t h e t im e wa s t ha t o f t h e h an a t e o f i ch aq ( E rs in e ) K Qb k .
2
T h e n e a re s t a pp
ro a c h t o 6 ip 6 i w e ha e fo u n in v
ic t io n a rie s is 6 up a 6 i , wh ic h d D
l
c o m e s c o s e t o t he u s s ia n cop ec6 R '
E rs in e n o t es t h a t t h e ca s 6e6 e is a n o a c o
. k er vl pp
Tv
c o in ( a e rn ie r , p
a n d t ha t a t i2m 42n is a m r ia
. Cf Ma n u c c i y d .
I
( rv in e ), i, 78 a n d iv , 4 1 7 n o t e ; ha r in iv , 2 78 C d .
3 M
u h a rr a m 9 12 A H - u n e 1 5 06 A D ( H S iii, . J . . .
K AB U L
W e re a c he d
M i rz a s A u d i
B a di u z -z a m an t I t ha d ’
c -
en e ten .
b e e n a g ree d t ha t I o n e n te r i n g s ho u ld b e n d t he k n e e ( y426 42ug 6 42i

, ,
o n c e t ha t t he M i rz a s ho u ld r i s e a n d a dv a n c e t o t he e d g e o f t he
,
e s t ra de a n d t ha t we s ho u ld s e e o n e a n o t he r t he re I w e n t in
I
.
, ,
b e n t t he k n e e o n c e a n d w a s g o i n g r i g ht fo rwa rd ; t he M i rz a
,
r o s e ra th e r l a n g u idly a n d a dv a n c e d ra t he r s l o wly ; Q as im B e g ,
a s h e w a s m y w e ll wi s he r a n d h e ld m y r e p u t a t i o n a s h is o w n
-
,
v e m i r dl e a t u g ; I u n d e rs t o o d m o v e d m o re s l o wly a n d
g a y g , ,
s o t he m e e ti n g w a s o n t he a pp o i n t e d s p o t .
F o u r d iv a n s ( t 42s 6 u 6 ) ha d b e e n pl a c e d in t he t e n t A lw a y s .
in t he M i rz a s t e n t s o n e s id e w a s l ik e a g a t e -wa y a n d a t t he
’ 2
e d g e o f t h i s g a t e -w a y h e a lw a y s s a t A d iv a n w a s s e t t he re n o w .
o n w h i c h h e a n d Mu z a ff a r M i rz a s a t t o g e t he r A b fi l-m u h s i n
’
.
,
M z a n d I s t o n a n o t he r s e t in t he r i g ht h a n d pl a c e o f
i r a a -
,
ho n o u r ( t 42r ) O n a n o t he r t o B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a s l e ft s a t
‘ ’ ’
.
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Ib n -i-h u s a i n M i rz a w it h Q as i m S l A 423 6eg a s o n -in -la w o f t he .

,
l a t e M i rz a a n d fa t he r o f Q as i m -i-hu s a i n S u l t an T o m y r i g ht .
a n d be l o w m d iv n w e w h i h a t J h a i r M i rz a a n d
y a a s o n o n c s a n g
‘
A bd u r ra z aq M i rz a T o t he l e ft o f Q as i m S I a n d Ib n hu s a i n
- z
’
.
- i- .
M i rz a b u t a g o o d d e a l l o we r we re Mu h B a ra n d aq Beg Za n
, , .
,
’
n an B e g a n d Q as i m B e g .
A l t ho u g h t h i s w a s n o t a s o c i a l g a th e r i n g c o o k e d vi a n d s w e re ,
b ro u g ht in d r i n k a bl e s 3 w e re s e t w ith t he fo o d a n d n e a r t he m
, ,
g o ld a n d s ilv e r c u p s O u r fo re fa t he rs th ro u g h a l o n g s p a c e o f
.
t i m e ha d re s p e c t e d t he C hi n g i z -t iara ( o rd i n a n c e ) d o i n g n o t hi n g
, ,
o pp o s e d t o it w he t he r in a s s e m bly o r C o u r t in s itti n s -d o w n
, g ,
d
i r 9 , t o whic h e st ra e a n sw e rs in its se n se o f a c a r e t o n whic h s t a n s a ra ise se a t p d d
W
.
2
P p
e r ha s it wa s a r e c e ss , r e se m in a ga t e -wa y ( bl g -i-B 2 1 5 f 1 5 1 an d 2 1 7 . . .
f . T h e im r es s io n c o n e e p v y d by
Bahu t s w o r s h e re t o t h e a rt ist who in B
’
d . M .
d dp
O r 3 7 14 , ha s e ic t e t h e s c e n e , is t ha t t he re wa s a e st i u e O e n in in t o t he t e n t
. v b l p g by
a d
o o r a n d t ha t t h e M i rz a sa t n e a r t ha t oo r I t m u st b e sa i ho we e r t ha t t he d . d v
ll d
i u s t ra t io n o e s n o t c o se l ly ll fo o w t h e t e t , in s o m e n o w n e t a i s x k d l .
3 s /z i r a
, y p b
fru it s ru s , s he r e t s
- B ab u r s w o r fo r win e is 4 6 429 6 4?
’
. in e ) a n d d d x
t his r e c e t io n p b g bl
e in p u ic , w in e c o u ha r ld
h a e e en o ff e r e in Su n ni H e ri dly v b d .
’
B ab u r s s t r ic t u res c a n a pply t o t h e e sse s o f v l
re c io u s m e t a h e m e n t io n s , t he se e in p l b g
fo r i e n t o Mu s a l m an s ; fro m h is r e fe r e n c e t o t h e
b dd ara it w o u a p e a r t o re p e a t T ld p
t h e sa m e in u n c t io n s j b
Ba u r ro e u p s u c h esse s e fo r e t he
. b k a t t e o f K a n waha v l b b l
(f . j
Shah -i- a han d id t he s a m e w he n se n t h is fa t he r a han i r t o r e c o n q u e r by J g
t he D
e c ca n ( 10 3 0 A H — 1 6 2 1 ) he a s e
. AD
e rm iss io n t o fo o w t h e e a m
. kdp e o f h is ll x pl
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a n c e s t o r B a u r , r e n o un c e w in e , o u re d
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ro e u p h is k C bl b k
c u s and p gv
a e t he fra m e n t s t o t he g ‘
o o r ( A m a l i sal i lz ,
- - p
H u h e s D iet of I s lam
’
g .
q u o t in t hge H idd y a lz a n d M i lt /4 6 424 s 44 44 r in a e s r in in - e ss e s , a n d o D k bl

; D k gv l G ld
L a n e s Mode r n E g /p t ia n s
, , . .
’
12 5 n p . .
9 12 A H .
— MAY 24 T H 15 06 T O MA Y I 3 T H 15 07 A D .
or ri s m g s u p
- . T ho u g h
D ivi n e a u t ho r i t y s o t ha t
it ha s not
a m a n o b e y s it o f n e c e s s i t y s t ill d l f d t m t b
g o o ru e s o c o n u c u s, e
o b e y e d by w ho m -s o e v e r t he y a re l e ft ; j u s t in t h e s a m e w a
y
t h a t if a fo re fa t he r h a v e d o n e ill h is ill m u s t b e c ha n g e d
, ,
fo r g o o d .
A ft e r t he m e a l I ro d e fro m t he M i rz a s c a m p s o m e 2 m il e s t o
’
Fol . 18 7.
o u r o w n di s m o u n t i n -pl a c e
g .
(f . B a6u r cla i m s du e r es p ec t .
)
A t m y s e c o n d vi s i t B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a s he we d m e l e s s
re s p e c t t ha n a t m y fi rs t I t he re fo re ha d it s a id t o Mu h . .
B a ra n d aq B e g a n d t o Zfi n -n an B e g t ha t s m a ll t ho u g h m y a ge ’
w a s ( a ct m y pl a c e o f ho n o u r w a s l a rg e
. t h a t I ha d s e a t e d
m y s e l f twi c e o n t he t hro n e o f o u r fo re fa t he rs in S a m a r k a n d by
bl o w s t ra i g ht -d e a l t ; a n d t ha t t o b e l a gg a rd in S he w i n g m e
r e s p e c t w a s u n re a s o n a bl e s i n c e it w a s fo r t h i s ( T i m ii r id ) dy n a s ty s
’
s a k e I h a d t hu s fo u ht a n d s t r iv e n w i t h t h a t a l i e n fo e This
g .
s a id a n d a s it w a s re a s o n a bl e t he y a d m i t t e d t he i r m i s t a k e a t
, ,
o n c e a n d s he w e d t he r e s p e c t c l a i m e d .
(g B a6u r )
’
. s t emp er a n ce .
T he re w a s a w i n e p a rt y ( c6 ag 6 i r m aj l zsi ) o n c e w he n I w e n t
'
- -
a ft e r t he M id -d a y P r a y e r t o B a d i u z -z a m an M i rz a s p re s e n c e
‘ ’ ’
.
A t t ha t t i m e I d ra n k n o wi n e T he p a r ty w a s a l t o g e t he r .
e le an t e v e y s o rt o f re li s h t o wi n e ( g a e a 6 ) w a s s e t o u t o n t he
g r
n a p e ry wi t h b ro c he t t e s o f fo wl a n d g o o s e a n d a ll s o rt s o f
, ,
vi a n d s T he M i rz a s e n t e r t a i n m e n t s w e re m u c h re n o w n e d
.
’
t r u ly w a s t h i s o n e fre e fro m t he p a n g o f t h i rs t ( 6i g 6 a ll ) re p o s e fu l ,
a n d t r a n q u il I w a s a t t w o o r t hre e o f h is wi n e -p a rt i e s w h il e
.
w e we re o n t he b a n k o f t he M u rg h -ab ; o n c e it w a s k n o w n I d id
n o t d r i n k n o p re s s u re t o d o s o w a s t o n m e
, p u .
I w e n t t o o n e w i n e -p a rty o f M u z a ffa r M i rz a s H u s a i n o f ’
.
A li ja lai r a n d Mi r B a d r w e re bo t h t he re t he y b e m g in h is
‘
s e rvi c e W he n Mi r B a d r ha d ha d e n o u g h
. he d a n c e d , Fol . 1 8 76 .
a n d d a n c e d w e ll w h a t s e e m e d t o b e h is o w n i n v e n t i o n .
(6 . C o m m en t s on t6e Mi r z as ) .
T h re e m o n t hs it t oo k t heM i rz as to g e t o ut of H e ri ,
a
g re e am on
gs t t he m s e lve s , c o ll e c t t ro o p s ,
and re a c h M u rg h-ab .
21
K AB U L
M e a n t i m e S l Q u l-i-n a c haq ( P) re d u c e d t o e x t re m ity ha d

.
, ,
s u r re n d e re d B a lkh t o t he A li z b e g b u t t ha t A fi z b e g he a ri n f
g o ,
o u r a lli a n c e a g a i n s t h im ha d h u r ri e d b a c k t o S a m a rk a n d
, T he .
M i rz as w e re g o o d e n o u g h a s c o m p a n y a n d in s o c i a l m a t t e rs ,
in c o n v e rs a t i o n a n d p a rti e s b u t th e y w e re s t ra n g e rs t o w a r , ,
s t ra t e g y e q u ip m e n t b o ld fi g ht a n d e n c o u n t e r
, , .
( i . Wi n t er p l a n s .
)
Whil e we w e re o n t he M u rg h -ab n e w s c a m e th a t Ha q -n a g i r ,
-
C li pa a ( v a r . H i a n ) w a s o v e r r u n n i n
g t he n e i g hb o u rho o d of
C hic hi k-t ii wi t h 4 o r 5 00 m e n A ll t he M i rz as t he re p re s e n t
.
,
do wh a t t he y w o u ld c o uld n o t m a n a g e t o s e n d a li g ht t ro o p
,
-
'
a ga i n st t ho se ra id e rs ! I t is 10 y ig/z ac/z ( so 5 5 m ) fro m .
M u rg h -ah t o C hi c hi k-t ii I a s k e d t he wo rk ; t h e y wit h a th o u g ht

’
.
,
fo r t he i r o w n re p u t a ti o n w o u ld n o t g iv e it t o m e , .
T he y e a r b e i n g a l m o s t a t a n e n d whe n S ha ib aq K han re t i re d ,
t he M i rz as d e c id e d t o wi n t e r w he re it w a s c o n ve n i e n t a n d t o
re a s s e m bl e n e xt s u m m e r in o rd e r t o re p e l t he i r fo e .
T he y p re s s e d m e t o wi n t e r in Kh u ras an b u t t hi s n o t o n e o f
m y w e ll ~
,
wi s h e rs s a w it g o o d fo r m e t o d o be c a u s e w hil e K ab u l ,
a n d G ha z n i w e re fu ll o f a t u r b u l e n t a nd ill - c o n d u c te d m e d l e y o f
p e o pl e a n d ho rd e s T u rk s Mu g hii ls c l a n s a n d n o m a d s ( a i m aq 44
'
, , ,
A fg han s a n d H a z ara t he ro a ds b e t we e n u s a n d t ha t ,
no t y e t d e s i ra bly s u bj e c t e d c o u n t ry o f K ab u l w e re o ne t h e , ,
m u n t a i n -ro a d a m o n t h s j o u rn e y e ve n wit ho u t d e l a y t h ro u h
’
o , g
s n o w o r o t he r c a u s e -t he o th e r t he lo w-
,
c o u n t ry ro a d a j o u rn e y
, ,
o f 4 0 o r 50 d a y s .
C o n se q u e n tly we e x c u s e d o u rs e lv e s t o t he M i rz as b u t t he y ,
wo u ld a c c e pt n o e x c u s e a n d fo r a ll o u r pl e a s o n ly u rg e d ,
In t he e n d Ba d u z z m an M
’
t he m o re A b l m u hs i n
'
i - a i r z a i n -
.
,
M i rz a a n d M u z a ffa r M i rz a t he m s e lve s ro d e t o m y t e n t a n d
u rg e d m e t o s t a y t he wi n t e r I t wa s i m po s s ibl e t o re fu s e m e n
.
o f s u c h ru li n p o s i t i o n c o m e in p e rs o n t o p re s s u s t o s t a y o n
g ,
.
B e s id e s t hi s t he w ho l e ha bi t a bl e w o rld ha s n o t s u c h a t o wn a s
,
H e ri ha d b e c o m e u n d e r S l H u s a i n M i rz a w ho s e o rd e rs a n d .
,
e ffo r t s ha d i n c re a s e d it s s pl e n d o u r a n d b e a u t y a s t e n t o o n e ,
r a t he r,
a s t we n t y t o o n e A s I g re a t ly w i s he d t o s t a y I c o n
.
,
s e n t e d t o do s o .
K AB U L
ass i g n e d t o m e w he re I w a s a s l o n g a s I s t a y e d in H e ri e v e ry
, ,
fe w d a y s S he w i n g m y s e l f i n B a d i u z -z a m an Mi rz a s p re s e n c e in ‘ ’ ’
t he W o r ld -a d o rn i n g G a r d e n .
( 6 . T6 e Mi r z as en t er t a in B a6u r i n H er i .
)
A fe w d ay s a ft e r Mu z a ffa r M i rz a ha d s e t t l e d d o w n in t he
W h i t e -g a rd e n he i n vi t e d m e t o h is q u a rt e rs ; K ha d ija B e gi m
,
w a s a l s o t he re a n d wi t h m e w e n t J a h an g i r Mi rz a
,
W he n w e .
ha d e a t e n a m e a l in t he B e gi m s p re s e n c e Mu z a ffa r M i rz a t o o k ’
,
I
m e t o w he re t he re w a s a wi n e p a rt y in t he T a ra b -k han a ( J o y
-
,
h o u s e ) b u ilt by B ab u r M i rz a a s w e e t l it t l e a bo d e a s m a lli s h , , ,
t wo -s t o re y e d ho u s e in t he m iddl e o f a s m a lli s h g a rd e n G re a t .
p a i n s h a v e b e e n t a k e n wi t h it s u pp e r s t o re y t h i s h a s a re t re a t
( j )
6 a r a i n e a c h o f it s fo u r c o r n e rs t h e s p a c e b e t we e n e a c h t w o ,
re t re a t s b e i n g lik e a s 6 4i6 -n is 6 i n in b e t w e e n t he s e re t re a t s a n d 2
s 6 4i 6 n is 6 i n s is o n e l a rg e r o o m o n a ll s id e s o f w h i c h a re pi c t u r e s
-
w h i c h a l t ho u g h B ab u r Mi rz a b u il t t he ho u s e w e re c o m m a n d e d
, ,
by A b a-s a i d M i rz a a n d d e pi c t his o wn w a rs a n d e n c o u n t e rs
‘
.
T wo d iv a n s ha d b e e n s e t in t he n o rt h s 6 a 6 -n is 6 i n fa c i n g e ac h
’
o t he r a n d wi t h t he i r s id e s t u rn e d t o t he n o r t h
, O n o n e M u z a ffa r .
M i rz a a n d I s a t o n t he o t he r S l M a s ii d M i rz a 3 a n d J a h an gi r ‘
W
.
,
M i rz a . e b e i n g g u e s t s Mu z a ffa r M i rz a g a v e m e pl a c e a b o v e ,
hi m s e l f T h e s o c i a l c u p s w e re fill e d t he c u p -b e a re rs o r d e re d t o
.
,
c a rry t he m t o t h e
g u e s ts t h e g u e s t s d ra n k d o w n t he m e re wi n e
a s if it w e r e w a t e r -o f-li fe ; w he n it m o u n t e d t o t he i r he a d s t he ,
p a rt y w a x e d w a rm .
T he y t ho u g ht t o m a k e m e a l s o d r i n k a n d t o d r a w m e i n t o
t he i r o w n c i rc l e T ho u g h u p t ill t he n I h a d n o t c o m m it t e d t he
.
s in o f w i n e -d ri n ki n
g
4 a n d k n o w n t h e c he e r i n n a t io n o f
g s e s
c o m fo r t a bl e d ru n k e n n e s s I w a s i n c li n e d t o d r i n k wi n e a n d m , y
he a r t w a s d ra wn t o c ro s s t ha t s t re a m I ha d h a d n o
i n c li n a t i o n fo r w i n e in m y c h ild ho o d ; I k n e w n o t hi n g o f it s
c he e r a n d pl e a s u re If a s s o m e t i m e s m y fa t he r p re s s e d w i n e
.
, ,
A 2
su s pi c io n t ha t K ha dija p u t p o iso n in J a h an gi r s
’
win e m a y re fe r t o t h is o c c a s io n
(T R . . p .
Th 2
j/ 6 6
es e -i a re zaro a w in d o ws or bl a c o n ies fro m whic h a l
ru e r s h e ws
him l f t t h p p l
se o e eo e .
M i d w t h bl i d
3 as
‘
i as en n .
Bab4
fi t d k wi ur rs ra n ne n ot ea r lier t ha n 9 1 7 A H .
(f .
49 a n d n ote ) , t he re fo re whe n
i g 30
n ea r n .
9 12 A H .
- MAY 24 T H 15 06 TO MA Y IST H 15 07 A D .
on m e, I e x c u s e d m y se l f ; I did n o t c o m m it t he s in A ft e r he .
d i e d K hw aj a Q az i s r i g ht g u id a n c e k e pt m e g u il t l e s s a s a t t ha t
,
’
t i m e I a b s t a i n e d fro m fo r bidd e n vi a n d s w h a t ro o m w a s t he re ,
fo r t he s in o f w i n e ? L a t e r o n w he n w it h t he y o u n g m a n s
’
l u s t s a n d a t t he p ro m p t i n g o f s e n s u a l p a s s i o n d e s i re fo r w i n e ,
a ro se t h e re w a s n o -o n e t o p re s s it o n m e n o -o n e i n d e e d a w a r e
, ,
of m
y l e a n in
g t o w a r d s it ; s o t h a t i n c l i n e d fo r it t ho u h m y
g ,
h e a rt w a s it w a s d i ffi c u lt o f m y s e l f t o d o s u c h a t h i n g o n e
, ,
t h i t he rt o u n d o n e It c r o s s e d m y m i n d n o w w he n t he M i rz as
.
,
w e re s o p re s s i n g a n d w he n t o o w e w e re in a t o w n s o re fi n e d a s
“
H e ri , W he re s ho u ld I d r i n k if n o t he re ? he re w he re a ll t he
c ha t t e l s and u t e n s il s of l u x u ry a n d c o m fo r t a re g a t he re d
”
a n d in u s e S O s a yi n g t o m y s e l f I r e s o lv e d t o d r i n k w i n e ;
.
,
I d e t erm i n e d t o c ro s s t ha t s t re a m b u t it o c c u rre d t o m e t ha t a s
I h a d n o t t a k e n w i n e in B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a s ho u s e o r fro m ‘ ’ ’
h is h a n d w ho wa s t o m e a s a n e ld e r b ro t he r t h i n g s m i g ht fi n d
, ,
w a y i n t o h is m i n d if I t o o k w i n e in h is y o u n g e r b r o t he r s ho u s e
’
a n d fro m h is h a n d H a vi n g s o s a id t o m y s e l f I m e n t i o n e d m y
.
,
d o u bt a n d di ffi c u l t y S a id t he y . B o t h t h e e x c u s e a n d t he ,
o b s t a c l e a r e r e a s o n a bl e p re s s e d m e n o m o re t o d ri n k t he n b u t
fl
,
s e t t l e d t h a t w h e n I w a s in c o m p a n y w i t h bo t h M i rz as I s ho u ld ,
d r i n k u n d e r t he i n s i s t a n c e o f b o t h .
A m o n g s t t he m u s i c i a n s p re s e n t a t t h i s p a r t y w e re H afi z H aj i ,
d -di n M a h m ad t he a u t is t a n d G hu l am s 6 aa i s y o u n g e r
’ ’ ’
J a l al u ,
b r o t he r G l m 6
h u
,
a a c 6 a t he J e w s ha rpi s t
- H afi z H aj i s a n g w e ll
’
.
,
as H e ri p e o pl e s i n g q u i e t ly d e li c a t e ly a n d in t u n e
, Wi t h
, ,
.
J a h an gi r M i rz a w a s a S a m a rka n di s i n g e r Mi r J an w ho s e
s inging w a s a l w y s l o u d ha rs h a n d o u t o f t u n e T he M i r z a
a - -
, .
,
h a vi n g h a d e n o u g h o rd e re d h im t o s i n g ; he d id s o l o u dly
, , ,
ha rs h ly a n d w i t ho u t t a s t e K hu ras an i s h a v e q u i t e r e fi n e d
.
m a n n e rs ; if u n d e r t h i s s i n g i n g o n e d id s t o p h is e a rs t he fa c e
, , ,
o f a n o t he r p u t q u e s ti o n n o t o n e c o u ld s t o p t he s i n g e r o u t o f
, ,
c o n s id e r a t i o n fo r t he M i rz a .
A ft e r t he E v e n i n g P ra y e r we le ft t he T a ra b —k han a fo r a n e w
h o u s e in M u z a ffa r M i rz a s w i n t e r -q u a rt e rs T he r e Y ii s u f-i- a li
’ ‘
.
d a n c e d in t he d ru n k e n t i m e a n d be i n g a s he w a s a m a s t e r in m u s i c
, , , ,
d a n c e d w e ll T he p a r t y w a x e d v e ry w a r m t he re M u z a ffa r M i rz a
. .
g a v e m e a s w o r d -b e l t a l a m b s ki n s u r t o u t a n d a
, g r e y t 4 c 6 42
p 9 ,
K AB U L
( ) J an a k ited
T u r k i T w o s l a v e s o f t he M i rz a s ’
h o r s e . re c in .
,
k n o w n a s B ig -m o o n a n d L i t t l e -m o o n d id o ffe n s ive d ru n k e n , ,
t r i c k s in t he d ru n k e n ti m e T he p a rt y w a s wa r m t ill n i g ht w he n .
t ho s e a s s e m bl e d s c a t t e re d I h o w e ve r s t a yi n g t he n i g ht in t ha t , , ,
ho u s e .
Q as i m Be g g e t t i n g t o he a r t ha t I h a d be e n p re s se d t o d r i n k
wi n e ,
s e n t s o m e -o n e t o Z fi n -n an B e g w i t h a dvi c e fo r him a n d
’
fo r M u z a ffa r M i rz a g iv e n In v e ry pl a i n w o rd s ; t he re s u lt w a s
,
t ha t t he M i rz as e n ti re ly c e a s e d t o p re s s wi n e u p o n m e .
B a di u z -z a m an Mi rz a he a rin g t ha t M u z a ffa r M h a d e n t e rt a i n e d
‘ ’
.
,
m e a
,
s k e d m e t o a p a r t y a r r a n g e d in t he M a q a u w i - k h an a o f t he
W o r ld -a d o rn i n g G a rd e n H e a s k e d a l s o s o m e o f m y c l o se
.
c i rc l e a n d s o m e o f o u r b ra v e s T ho s e a b o u t m e c o u ld n e ve r
I
.
d r i n k ( o p e n ly ) o n m y o w n a c c o u n t ; if t he y e ve r d id d ri n k ,
t he y d id it p e rh a p s o n c e in 4 0 d a y s wit h d o o rs t ra p fa s t a n d ,
u n d e r a hu n d re d fe a rs S u c h a s t he s e w e re n o w i n vi t e d he re
.
t o o t he y d ra n k wi t h a hu n d re d p re c a u ti o n s s o m e t i m e s c a lli n g ,
o ff m y a t t e n t i o n s o m e ti m e s m a k i n g a s c re e n o f t he i r h a n d s
, ,
n o t wit hs t a n d i n t h a t I h a d iv e n t h e m e r m 1s s 1o n t o fo ll o w
g g p
c o m m o n c u s t o m b e c a u s e t h i s p a r t y w a s g iv e n by o n e s t a n d i n g
,
t o m e a s a fa t he r o r e ld e r b ro t he r P e o pl e b ro u g ht in w e e pi n g .
will o ws 2
Att hi s p a rty t he y s e t a r o a s t g o o s e b e fo re m e b u t a s I w a s
n o c a r v e r o r d isjo in t e r o f bi r d s I l e ft it a l o n e D o yo u n o t ,
.
” ”
l ik e it ? i n q u i re d t he M i rz a S a id I I a m a p o o r c a rve r .
,
.
O n t h i s he a t o n c e d i sj o i n t e d t he bi rd a n d s e t it a g a i n b e fo re
F OL 19 1
. me In s u c h m a t t e rs he h a d n o m a t c h
. A t t he e n d o f t he .
p a rt y he g a ve m e a n e n a m e ll e d wa i s t -d a g g e r a c6 cir and ,
a t ip 42c6 429 .
( l B
. a6u r s ees t 6 e s if 6 t s o f H er a)
E v e ry day o f t he t i m e I wa s in H e ri I ro d e o u t t o s e e a n e w
s i g h t ; m y g u id e in t he s e e x c u r s i o n s w a s Y as u f-i- a li K fi k ii ld as h ;
‘
w he re v e r w e d i s m o u n t e d he s e t fo o d b e fo re m e E x c e p t S l , . .
a i c 6 6 i l42r , F re n c h , i n t er i e u r
’
2
b
T he o s c u r e assa p g e fo o w inll g he re is di s c u s se d in A p e n ip dx I , On t 6 e w eep i ng
w illow s of f 1 9 0 6 . .
3 H e r e t his m a
y we ll b e go ld - m b id
a e ro e re dg a rm e n t .
K AB U L
N d e n Z u b a id
e w -g a r ,
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M i rz a s W h i t e -ho u s e I
S l A ii s a i d
b - .
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a t C ha r h ( h a w k
id I q h h )
’
P A
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e th
19 16 outs a - t f a t
. e r g a e i r n e r c e r s s e g , , ,
d
m ea ow A m i r W a h id 3
,
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o s T w e lv e - t o we rs t he g re a t t a n k t o t he n o r t h o f J a han
, ,
ara a n d t he fo u r d w e lli n g s o n it s f o u r s id e s t h e fi v e F o r t -
g a t e s , ,
t he K has h 7 a n d Q i b c haq G a t e s C har ,
sfi Sh,
a ik h u l -i s l am s C o ll e g e M a lik s C o n g re g a t i o n a l M o s q u e
’ ’
,
’
T o w n g a rd e n
- B a d i u z z
- a m an
M i rz a s C o ll e g e o n t he b a n k o f
,
‘ ’ ’
t he A n j i l c a n a l A li s he r B e g s d w e l li n g s w he re w e re s id e d a n d
‘ ’
- -
,
w hi c h p e o pl e c a ll U n s i y a ( E a s e ) h is t o m b a n d m o s q u e w h i c h ,
t he y c a ll Q u ds iy a ( H o ly ) h is C o ll e g e a n d A l m s h o u s e w h i c h ,
t he y c a l l K ha las i y a a n d A khlas iy a ( F re e d o m a n d S i n c e r i t y ) ,
h is H o t -b a t h a n d H o s pit a l w h i c h t h e y c a ll S a fa iy a a n d
’
S ha fa iy a A ll t he s e I vi s i t e d in t h a t s p a c e o f t i m e
’
. .
(m . B a6u r eng ag es Ma s zZm a -s u ltan ‘

in m a r r iag e .
)
8
It m u s t h a v e b e e n b e fo re t ho s e
ti m e s t ha t H a bi b a t h ro n e l e s s
s u l t an B e g i m t h e m o t h e r o f S ] A h m a d M i rz a s y o u n g e s t ’
.
,
d a u g ht e r M a s am a -s u l t an B e g i m b ro u g ht he r d a u g ht e r i n t o H e ri
‘
, .
O n e d y w he n I w a s vi s i t i n g m y Aka
a M a ii m a s u l t an B e g i m
s -
,
‘ ‘
c a m e t he re w i t h h e r m o t he r a n d a t o n c e fe l t a r i s e in he r a g re a t
i n c li n a t i o n t o w a rd s m e P r iv a t e m e s s e n g e rs ha vi n g b e e n s e n t .
,
m y Aka a n d m y Vi n k a a s I u s e d t o c a ll P ay a n d a -s u l t an B e gi m ,
a n d H a b i b a -s u l t an B e i m s e ttl e d b e t w e e n t h e m t h a t t he l a t t e r
g ,
s ho u ld b r i n h d h t a ft e r m e t o K ab u l 9
g e r a u g e r .
Thi M ig ld g
2
s ar o - ar de m y b m d
n a d s w if Z b ide na e a ft e r H arfi n u r -ra shi
’ ’
e u a a .
T hi w ill b t h
2
s e e pl c e a f H e i f m w hi h M l a a J lal d -di
11 . o Pa a i r ro c au n a u
’
n r n
( d 8 6 A H ) t k hi c g s l Sh ik h J m al d -di A b a- i d P a a ( f 2 06 )
’ ‘
. 2 . oo s o m no en , a a so a a u n sa r n .
wh w ovi it d t h as s e e re by Sl H i M i a ill-t t d by Sh iba i (f

. u sa n l ft H i rz , re a e a n . e er
for Q d ha and th a r, an ere d i d t h gh th f ll f
e ,
f i 9 2 1 A H ( H S iii 34 5 ;
ro u e a o a roo ,
n . . .
,
K 6 a z z n a t u l -a sfi y a ii,
’
’
3 H is t o m b
is a t e 3 5 o r 3 7 A H ( 6 5 6 o r 6 5 8 dat e , d . AD . Y p .
4
M l i 4 76 5 1 1 ; M h
a an w a s a n a m e o f t h e H e ri -r ad ( j o u r n a l A s i a t i9 u e x v , , o an
ll p
La , F
2 79 ; . p
e rr ie r , 2 6 1 ; et c . .
Y t p 94
5 a e, . .
T h p it i f t h i b ild i g b t w d Q ib haq G t (d M y d
6
e os t h K hfi h on o s u n e een e s an c a es e e n ar ,
l. p 4 7 5 ) i t h p b bl xpl t i
c . . f th v i t
s t d j
e t b l w ro f K hk a e e a na on o e ar an ,
no e us e o , o us
f Kh fi h th m f th G t T h T m 66 i- (p ti t hi
'
/i m - ’
‘
or s as e na e o e a e . e a ra s z ai . en on s s
ki k i it l i t f t h
os n t d f t h w ld
s s o e no e o n es o e or .
7 K hk (d M y d l p
var . us e e na r , . c . .
i p m bly t Bab w l fS m k d d A d ij a
8
Th f r h e re e e n c e er e s, re s u a ,
o ur s o
’
n o sse s o a ar an an n n .
A ka
9 A ga i d f ld or l t i ; y 6 a y i g a i t h w if fs u se l o e e r re a on s a
’
in or n s e e o an unc e
ld b t h
or e her it p t t h w id w f B ab
ro er l A hm d Mi a -M26
e re re r e se n s e o o
’
ur s unc e a r n 4
”
4.
F m it i f m d t h w d y i 6 li 6 l vi t
ro s or e e or n
’
a , e ra e .
9 12 A H .
— MA Y 24 T H 15 06 T O MAY I 3 T H 15 07 A D .
( 44 . B a6u r l ea v es K 6 u r 42s an .
)
y p re s s i n g ly ha d Mu h B a ra n d fi q
V er . Be g a n d Za n -n an A rg 6 i2n
’
”
s a id Wi n t e r he re ! b u t t he y h a d g ive n m e n o wi n t e r -q u a rt e rs
,
n o r h a d t he y m a d e a n w i n t e r -a r ra n g e m e n t s fo r m e W i nter
y .
c a m e o n ; s n o w fe ll o n t he m o u n t a i n s b e tw e e n u s a n d K ab u l
a n xi e t y r e w a b o u t K ab u l o w i n t e r -q u a r t e rs w e re o ffe re d n o
g n ,
a r ra n g e m e n t s m a d e ! A s w e c o u ld n o t s p e a k o u t o f n e c e s s i t y ,
w e l e ft H e ri
O n t he p r e t e x t o f fi n di n g w i n t e r —q u a r t e rs w e g o t o u t o f t he ,
t o w n o n t he 7 t h d a y o f t he m o n t h o f S h a b an ( D e c 2 4 t h I 5 0 6
‘
.
a n d w e n t t o n e a r B ad hi s S u c h we re o u r s l o w n e s s a n d o u r
g .
t a rry in g s t h a t t he R a m z an -m o o n w a s s e e n a fe w m a r c he s o n ly
be y o n d t he L a n g a r o f Mi r G h iy as O f o u r b r a v e s w ho w e re .
2
a b s e n t o n v a r i o u s a ffa i r s s o m e j o i n e d u s s o m e fo ll o w e d u s i n t o
, ,
K ab u l 2 0 d a y s o r a m o n t h l a t e r s o m e s t a y e d in H e ri a n d t o o k ,
s e rvi c e w i t h t he M i rz as O n e o f t he s e l a s t w a s S a yy idi m A li
‘
.
t he g a t e w a r d w h o b e c a m e B a di u z a m an M i r z a s r e t a i n e r
‘
To
’ ’
- z - .
,
n o s e rv a n t o f K h u s ra u S h ah h a d I s he w n s o m u c h fa v o u r a s t o
h im he h a d b e e n g iv e n G ha z n i w he n J a han g i r M i r z a a b a n d o n e d
it a n d in it w he n he c a m e a w a y w i t h t he a r m y h a d l e ft h is
, ,
y o u n g e r b ro t he r D o s t -i-a n j a ( P) S ha ik h T he re w e re in t ru t h .
n o b e t t e r m e n a m o n g s t K h u s ra u S hah s r e t a i n e rs t h a n t h i s m a n
’
S y y id m A li t he g a t e w a r d a n d M u ibb i- a li t he a r m o u re r
‘ ‘
a i - h - .
S a yy idi m w a s o f e x c e ll e n t n a t u re a n d m a n n e rs a b o ld s w o rd s m a n , ,
a s i n g u l a r ly c o m p e t e n t a n d m e t ho di c a l m a n H is ho u s e w a s .
n e v e r w it ho u t c o m p a n y a n d a s s e m bly he w a s g re a t ly g e n e ro u s ,
ha d w it a n d c h a r m a v a r i e t y o f t a lk a n d s t o ry a n d w a s a s we e t
, ,
n a t u re d o d -h u m o u r e d i i f -l o vi n p H i
g o , n g e n o u s u n g e r s
,
o n s , .
fa u l t w a s t ha t he p ra c t i s e d vi c e a n d p e d e ra s t y H e m a y ha v e .
s w e r ve d fr o m t he F a it h m a y a l s o ha v e b e e n a hyp o c r i t e in h is -
d e a li n g s s o m e o f w ha t s e e m e d d o u bl e -d e a li n g p e o pl e a t t r ib u t e d
t o h is j o k e s b u t s t ill t he re m u s t h a v e be e n a s o m e t h i n g !
2
, , ,
W he n B a di u z -z a m an M i r z a ha d le t S ha ib aq K han t a k e H e ri
‘ ’
a n d ha d o n e t o S h ah B e S d
‘
g g h e h a d a yy i i m A l i
t h ro w n i n t o t he H a r m a n d be c a u s e o f h is d o u bl e -d e a li n g w o rd s
2
T he a lm sh o u s e or con ve nt w as fo u n d d e h e r e in T i m fi r
’
s rei g n ( de My e nar d ,
l . c . p .
2
i . c . No sm o k e wit ho u t fi r e .
K AB U L
sp o k e n b e t w e e n t he M i r z a an d S hah Be g . M u ibb i-a l i

h -
‘ ’
t y
s s or
will c o m e i n t o t he n a rra t ive of e v e n t s h e re a ft e r t o b e wri t t e n .
( 0 . A p er il ou s m ou n t a in - ou r n y
e j ) .
F ro m t he L a n g a r o f Mi r G hiy as
we h a d o u rs e lv e s g u id e d p a s t
b d -vi ll G C h F
t he f h j i h - h ro m t he
2
or e r a g e s o a r s t a n t o a c c a r an .
a l m s h o u s e t o G ha rj is t an w a s a n u n b ro k e n s he e t o f s n o w it wa s
d e e p e r fu r t he r o n ; n e a r C ha c h-c ha ran i t s e l f it w a s a b o ve t he
ho rs e s k n e e s C ha c h c h r n d e p e n d e d o n Za n n tin A rg 6 42n ;
’ ’
- a a .
-
his r e t a i n e r Mi r J an -a i rdi w a s in i t n o w fro m h im we t o o k o n ,
paym e n t t h e w le
h o,
o f Z ii n -n an B e g s s t o re o f p ro vi s i o n s
’ ’
.
A m a rc h o r t w o fu r t he r o n t he s n o w w a s v e ry d e e p b e i n g a b o v e
, ,
t he s t i rr u p i n d e e d in m a n y pl a c e s t he ho rs e s fe e t d id n o t t o u c h
’
t he g ro u n d
W
.
e ha d c o n s u l t e d a t t he L a n g a r o f Mi r G h iy as w h i c h ro a d t o
“
t a k e fo r re t u rn t o K ab u l ; m o s t o f u s a g re e d in s a yi n g I t is ,
wi n t e r t he m o u n t a i n -ro a d is d i ffi c u l t a n d d a n g e ro u s
,
‘
t he
”
Q a n d a har ro a d t ho u g h a l ittl e l o n g e r is s a fe a n d e a s y
, ,
Q as i m .
B e g s a id
“ T ha t ro a d is l o n g ; y o u will g o by t h i s o n e A s he .
,
m a d e m u c h d i s p u t e w e t o o k t he m o u n t a i n -ro a d
, .
O u r g u id e w a s a P a s hai n a m e d Pi r S u l t an ( O ld s u l t a n P) .
W he t he r it wa s t h ro u g h o ld a g e w he t he r fro m w a n t o f he a rt , ,
w he t he r b e c a u s e o f t he d e e p s n o w h e l o s t t he r o a d a n d c o u ld ,
n o t g u id e u s A s w e w e r e o n t h i s r o u t e u n d e r t he i n s i s t a n c e o f
.
Q as i m Be g he a n d h is s o n s fo r h is n a m e s s a k e d i s m o u n t e d
, ,
’
, ,
t r a m pl e d t he s n o w d o w n fo u n d t he r o a d a g a i n a n d t o o k t he
,
l e a d O n e da y t he s n o w w a s s o d e e p a n d t he w a y s o u n c e rt a i n
.
t ha t w e c o u ld n o t g o o n ; t he re b e i n g n o h e lp fo r it b a c k w e ,
t u r n e d di s m o u n t e d w he re t he re w a s fu e l pi c k e d o u t 6 0 o r 70
, ,
g o o d m e n a n d s e n t t h e m d o w n t he v a ll e y i n o u r t r a c k s t o fe t c h
a n y o n e s o e v e r o f t he H a z ar a wi n t e r i n in t h e v a ll e y - b o t t om
g , ,
w ho m i g ht s he w u s t he r o a d T ha t pl a c e c o u ld n o t b e l e ft t il l
.
o u r m e n r e t u rn e d t h re e o r fo u r d a y s l a t e r T he y b ro u g ht n o .
g u id e o n c e m o r e w e s e n t S u l t a n P a s 6 a i a h e a d a n d p u t t i n g o u r ,
2
T hi m s na e pl
m a y b e d u e t o t h e s a sh in o f wa t e r g
A L a n a r w h ic h m a y b e t ha t
. g
of Mi G hiya
r s , is s h e w n in m a s in t h e Barnp a e ; fr o m it in tv ll y
o t h e H e ri -r frd a e v ll y
B ahu t s
’
ro u t e m a y w e ha e ll v b
e e n t h e t ra c k
fro m t ha t L a n a r wh ic h , p a ss in the g g
v ll g
i a es o n t h e so u t h e r n b d
o r e r o f G h a rjis t an , o e s t o Ah a n a r an g g .
K AB U L
T he ica ve
t o b e r a t he r s m a ll I t o o k a s ho v e l a n d
see m n g ,
v
s ho e e ll d ou t a pl i t m o u t h t h e s i z e o f a it t i n -m t
a c e n e a r s s
g a ,
( t a 6 i
y a di gg gi n it o u t b r e a s t -h
i g h b u t e v e n t he n n o t
r e a c h i n g t he g r o u n d T h i s m a d e m e a li t t l e s he lte r fro m t he
.
w i n d w he n I s a t r i g ht d o w n in it I d id n o t g o i n t o t he c a v e .
”
t ho u g h p e o pl e k e p t s a yi n g C o m e i n s id e b e c a u s e t h i s w a s in , ,
m y m ind S o m e o f m y m e n in s n o w a n d s t o r m I in t he
, ,
c o m fo r t o f a w a r m h o u s e ! t he w ho l e h o rd e ( 44 42l 42s ) o u t s id e in
m i s e ry a n d p a i n I i n s id e s l e e pi n g a t e a s e ,
T ha t w o u ld be fa r
fro m a m a n s a c t q u i t e a n o t he r m a t t e r t ha n c o m ra d e s h ip !
’
W h a t e ve r ha r d s h ip a n d w re t c he d n e s s t he re is I w il l fa c e w h a t ,
s t ro n g m e n s t a n d I w ill s t a n d fo r a s t he P e rs i a n p r o v e rb s a y s
, , ,
”
t o d ie w i t h r i e n d s is
f a nu pt i l a Til l t h e B e d - t i m e P ra y e r .
I s a t t hro u g h t ha t bl izz a r d o f s n o w a n d w i n d in t he d u g -o u t ,
t h e s n o w -fa l l b e i n g s u c h t ha t m y h e ad b a ck a n d e a rs w e re , ,
o v e r l a id fo u r h a n d s t h i c k T he c o ld o f t ha t n i g ht a ffe c t e d m y .
e a rs A t t he Be d -t i m e P ra y e r s o m e -o n e l o o ki n g m o re c a re fu lly
.
,
“
a t t he c a v e s ho u t e d o u t I t is a v e ry r o o m y c a ve w ith pl
, ,
a c e fo r
-
”
e v e ry -b o dy O n h e a r i n g t h i s I s ho o k o ff m y r o o fi n g o f s n o w
.
a n d a s k i n g t he b ra v e s n e a r t o c o m e a l s o w e n t i n s id e
,
T he re , .
wa s r o o m fo r 50 o r 6 0 P e o pl e b ro u g ht o u t t he i r r a t i o n s c o ld ,
m e a t p a r c he d g ra i n w ha t e v e r t he y ha d
,
F ro m s u c h c o ld a n d
,
.
t u m u l t t o a pl a c e s o w a rm c o s y a n d q u i e t !
2
,
N e x t d ay t he s n o w a n d wi n d ha vi n g c e a s e d we m a d e a n ,
e a r ly s t a r t a n d w e g o t t o t he p a s s by a g a i n s t a m pi n g d o w n
a ro a d in t he s n o w T he p ro p e r r o a d s e e m s t o m a k e a d ét o u r
.
u p t he fl a n k o f t h e m o u n t a i n a n d t o g o o v e r h i g he r u p by w h a t ,
is u n d e r s t o o d t o b e c a ll e d t he Zirri n -p a s s I n s t e a d o f t a ki n g .
t ha t r o a d w e w e n t s t ra i g ht u p t he v a ll e y -b o tt o m ( 9 42l ) I t wa s ?
,
n i g h t be fo r e w e re a c h e d t he fu r t he r s id e o f t he ( B a kk a k -) p a s s
w e s p e n t t he n i g ht t he re in t he m o u t h o f t he v a ll e y a n i g h t o f ,
T hi s e sc a p e ght
ou t o ha v b e een in c u l d d e in t h e ist l of Bab u r
’
s t ra n s p o rt a t io n s
fr o m i k t r s o sa fe t y g iv en in m y n ot e to f 96. .
2
T he gh t
ri by t he I d i S vey d F ch M il it y
and w ro n g ro a d s a r e she w n n an ur an re n ar
m p a Th
s .ight dt ff f m t h e w
e r g t D l t -ya t t h ight d
ro a u rn s o ro ro n one, a au a r, o e r , an
m ts di g
oun lly l g t h
a th
o na m p t f t h H i - ad v ll y t t h Zi i -p
a on e so u ra ar o e er r a e . o e rr n as s ,
wh i h l i s b v t h B kk k -p
c e a od c i th e g l e d f Y k - i la g
a a a ss an a r r es e re u ar ro a or a a a i n .
It m t b e us id h w v th t w
sa t t ld w h t h
,
Y k - f la g w s Q a im Be g
o e e r, a e a re n o o e er a a a i n a s
’
s
o bj t iv ; t h d i t d f K ab l f m t h H i - ad ll y is t v t he Zi i
ec e e re c ro a or u ro e er r va e no o er tr n
p b t g f m D l t -ya by A q - t
_
a ss u o es ro d th th au a fl k f K h -i-baba r z a ra an e so u e rn an o o
( baba ) t o t h e U i-p s ( H ldi h G t f I di p

’
r na as o c s a es o n a .
9 12 A H .
— MAY 24 T H 15 06 T O MAY 13 T H 15 07 A D .
m i g ht y co ld , go t d i s t re s s a n d s u ffe r i n g
t h ro u g h w it h g re a t .
M a n y a m a n ha d his h a n d s a n d fe e t fro s t -bit t e n ; t ha t n i g ht s ’
'
c o ld t o o k b o t h K i p a s fe e t b o t h Si fi n d fi k T u r 6 m an s h a n d s
’
,
’
b o t h Ahi s fe e t E a r ly n e x t m o rn i n g w e m o ve d d o w n t he
’
.
v a ll e y ; p u t t i n g o u r t ru s t in G o d w e w e n t s t ra i g ht d o w n by b a d , ,
s l o p e s a n d s u dd e n fa ll s k n o w i n g a n d s e e i n g it c o u ld n o t b e t he
,
ri ght w ay It w a s t he E v e n i n g P ra y e r w he n w e g o t o u t o f
.
t ha t v a ll e y N o l o n g -m e m o r i e d o ld m a n k n e w t ha t a n y -o n e
.
h a d b e e n he a rd o f a s c ro s s i n g t ha t p a s s w i t h t he s n o w s o d e e p ,
o r i n d e e d t ha t it h a d e v e r e n t e re d t h e he a rt o f m a n t o c ro s s it
a t t ha t t i m e o f y e a r T ho u g h fo r a fe w d a y s we ha d s u ffe re d
.
g r e a t ly t h ro u h t he d e pt h o f t he s n o w y e t it s d e p t h in t he e n d
g , , ,
e n a bl e d u s t o re a c h o u r d e s ti n a t i o n F o r w hy ? H o w o th e rw i s e .
s ho u ld w e h a v e t r a v e r s e d t ho se p a t h l e s s s l o p e s a n d s u dd e n fa l l s ?
A l l ill ll g d i t h ,t i g i if l
a ook d t ight n e co un , s a n oo e a ar
T he Y a k a -a fi lan
g p e o pl e a t o n c e h e a r d o f o u r a rr iv a l a n d o u r
d i s m o u n t i n g ; fo ll o w e d w a rm ho u s e s fa t s he e p g ra s s a n d h o rs e
, , ,
c o r n w a t e r wi t ho u t s t i n t a m pl e w o o d a n d d r i e d d u n f r fi re s
, g o,
T o e s c a p e fro m s u c h s n o w a n d c o ld t o s u c h a vill a g e t o s u c h ,
w a r m d we lli n g s w a s c o m fo r t t ho s e w ill u n d e rs t a n d w ho h a ve
,
h a d o u r t r i a l s r e li e f k n o w n t o t ho s e who ha ve fe l t o u r ha rd s h ip s
W
, .
e t a r r i e d o n e d a y in Y a k a -a fi lan h ppy - f- h t d y
g a o e a r a n e a s ,
o f-m i n d m a rc he d 2 y ig 6 a c6 ( 10 — 1 2 m ) n e xt d a y a n d d is
’
m ou nt ed T he da y fo ll o w i n g w a s t he R a m z an Fe a s t
. we 2
w e n t o n t h ro u g h B am i an c ro s s e d by S h ib r-t il a n d d i s m o u n t e d ,
b e fo re re a c h i n g J a n g li k .
(p . S econ d r a id on t 6 e T u r 6 m an
) H a z ar a s .
T he T u rk m an H a z ara s wi t h t he i r wiv e s a n d l i t t l e c h ild re n

m u s t ha v e m a d e t he i r w i n t e r -q u a r t e r s j u s t u p o n o u r r o a d t he y
2
h a d n o w o rd a b o u t u s ; whe n w e g o t in a m o n g s t t he i r c a t t l e
p e n s a n d t e n t s ( 416 24 6 429 ) t w o o r t hre e g ro u p s o f t he s e w e n t t o
ru i n a n d pl u n d e r t he p e o pl e t he m s e lv e s d ra wi n o ff wi t h t h i
, g e r
li t t l e c hild re n a n d a b a n d o n i n g ho u s e s a n d g o o d s N e ws w a s .
b ro u g ht fro m a he a d t ha t a t a pl a c e whe re t he re w e re n a rro ws , ,
2
c i r ca F eb . 14 t h 1 5 0 7 , Bab u r s
’
24 th b i t hd y
r a .
2
T h e H a z ara s a pp ea r t o ha v e b e en g t id t h i o w v ll y o n
w in t e r in ou s e e r n a e , t he
b d d
G hfi r - u n ro a , in wa it fo r t ra e e r s c v ll [] T R p
: . Th y h v b pe
. . e a e een re n n ia l
g y
h i h wa m e n o n t he o n a ss t o t h e n o r ly p th t l se d e t i ly i wi t e
no c o n re n n r .
K AB U L
b o dy o f H a z ara s wa s s ho o ti n g ws ho ld i n g p a rt of t he
Wh
a a r ro , up
a rm y an d let t ing
,
n o -o n e pa s s . e, u rr yi n g o n, a rr iv e d to
find no n a rr o w s at a ll ; a fe w H a z ara s w e re ti n g fro m s ho o
a n a z e , st a n d i n g in a b o dy o n t he h il l l ik e v e ry g o o d s o ld i e rs
2 ?
They sa w t h e bl ck e s f t h f a n s o e oe
S t d idl -h d d
oo d m de an e an a az e
I ivi g w t wift t h t w y
a rr n , en s a a ,
P d wit h h t M ov o ! m v
re sse on ! s ou , e n o e on
”
I w t d t h
an e y my m o u rr en on ,
T m k th m t
o a d p t th f
e e s an u o e oe .
Wit h H ay p ! t my m u rr u
”
o en ,
I we t t t h e f t n on o ro n .
Not m a gv ant my w d a e ear o or s .
Ih d a m h o e -m il n o
no ar m o ur n o r rs a r ar s,
I h d b t my
a wsu d q iv a rr o an u er .
I w t th en t m yb , ll f t h e m t
e re s d ,
a e a o , s oo ,
St d t ill
oo if l i by t h e fo !
s as s a n e
Y v t y t k th t y m y h v e
o u r se r an ou a e a ou a a e us
Of hi m s arf his l if t h wh l e t im
s, o e, e o e
N t t h t t h se v t s t d s t ill
o a e r an an
Wh il t h b g m k dv c t t h f o t
e e e a es a an e o e r n
N t t h t t h e e v t t k e est
o a s r an a r
Whil h i b g is m k i g t h
e s e d a n e ro u n s .
F m s ch ro nov t will c m u a se r an o e
Sp d ee e i
, y G t e r est f r y r f od
or us n our a , o z o ou o .
A t l t I c h g e d fo w d m y l f
as ar r ar se
F 01
. 19 6 6
.
H e d i g t h f e p t h e hill
r n e o u
,
See i g m e g my m
n l m ve d o, e n a so o ,
L e vi g t h i t
a n b hi d e r e rro rs e n .
Wit h m t h y s wift sp e d v th l p e e r a o er e s o e,
M vi g w it h t h ed t o t h h ft
o n on ou e e s a
S m t im o f t m
e t d m t im e
es o n oo , ou n e so e s,
B ldly w ev
o m v d e er o e on,
S t ill f m t h h ill p ro d th h ft e o u re e s a s .
O gt h th f e t k t fl ight
W g t t t he hill ; w d v t h H a
t
u r s re n seen , e o oo o .
e o ou on e ro e e az ras ,
D v t h m l ik e d by v ll y d idg
W h t th w t h l ik d
ro e e e er a e an r e
W h d t t h e b ty i g d d i h p
e s o o se re c es e e er
e s a re ou oo n oo s an n s ee
T h T k m a H a s k i f lk w t k
’
We m d c pt iv t h i p pl f t (9 a) ;
e ur n az ra ns o e oo
W l id h ds t h i m f w ;
a e a e e r eo e o so r s ar
e a an on e r en o re n o n
Th i wive r d t h e i c h ild e w t k
es a n r r n e oo .
2
T he G h fi r - u n b d v ll y
a e p
is o e n in t h is a r t t h e H a z ar a s m a y ha e e e n o s t e p v b p d
o n t h e n az e n ea r t h e n a rr o w s e a in l d g
in t o t h e J a n g lik a n d t he ir o w n s i e a e s d v ll y .
2
l g v ll g
A t ho u h t h e e rs e s fo o w in h e r e in t h e t e t a re w it h t he ur i o ic e s , ou t x T k C d d b
l
ca nn o t b u t b e fe t a s t o t h e ir a u t h e n t ic it he do n o t fi t e r a y
t o t he se n t e n c e
. T y v b lly
t hey ll y dp
fo o w ; t he a r e a u n iq u e e a rt ur e fr o m Bab u r s
’
a in ro se n a rr a t i e a n d pl p v
g
n o t h in ll
in t h e s m a H a z ara a ffa ir s h e ws ca u se fo r su c h e a r t u r e ; t h e iff e r fro m dp yd
l p b b
h is u s u a t o ic s in t h e ir o m a s t a n d c o m m e n t o n his m e n (cf : f 19 4 fo r c o m m e n t o n .
k g bg
s hir in T y pp
e s) . he a e a r in t h e 2 n d e rs ia n t ra n s a t io n ( 2 1 7 f 1 3 4 ) in P
ur i l . T k
ll d by p
fo o w e a P d g
ro se e rs ia n r e n e r in (66 a lasa ) he a r e n o t w it h t h e I s t e rs t rs . T y P . .
( 2 15 f . xt h e t e t o f w hic h ru n s o n w it h a a in ro s e a c c o u n t s u it in t h e s iz e o f pl p g
ll b v
t h e a ffa ir , a s fo o w s T he ra e s , s e e in t h e ir ( t h e H a z aras ) o o s o ie r in , ha d g g d ld g
st o pp d p d
e s u r rise g y
; wish in t o hu rr t h e m we n t s w ift a s t t h e m , s h o u t in I o e on ly p g M v
K AB U L
a re o u t o f t he G h Gr- u n b d
dd e n ly ; n a rro w s , w e w ill fa ll t he m
2
on su
le t o u r s i g n a l t o y o u b e t he fi re w e w il l l i g h t d i re c t ly w e h a v e
p a s s e d M i n ar-h ill d o y o u in re ply l i g ht o n e in t he c it a d e l o n ,
t he o ld K as h k ( ki o s k ) n o w t h e T r e a s u ry s o t ha t w e m a b
W
19 76
.
y e
, ,
s u re y o u k n o w o f o u r c o m i n g e will c o m e u p fr o m o u r s id e ; .
o u c o m e o u t fr o m y o u rs n e g l e c t n o t hi n g y o u r h a n d s c a n fi n d
y
”
t o do ! T h i s ha vi n g b e e n p u t i n t o w r i t i n g M u h a m m a d ,
A n dijan i w a s s e n t o ff .
R idi n g n e x t d a w n fro m t he L a n g a r we d i s m o u n t e d o v e r a g a i n s t ,
U s ht u r -s ha h r E a r ly n e x t m o rn i n g we p a s s e d t he G h ar-b u n d
.
n a rro w s d i s m o u n t e d a
,
t B id g e he a d t he re w a t e re d a n d re s t e d o u r
r -
,
ho rs e s a n d a t t h e
,
M id - d a y P r a y e r s e t fo r w a r d a g a i n Til l w e .
r e a c he d t he t 42t 9 aw a l t he re w a s n o s n o w b e yo n d t ha t t he ,
2
, ,
fu rt he r we w e n t t he d e e p e r t he s n o w T he c o ld b e t w e e n Za m m a .
y a k hs hi a n d M i n ar w a s s u c h a s w e ha d r a re ly fe l t in o u r l iv e s
W
.
e s e n t o n A h m a d t he m e s s e n g e r ( y as aw a l) a n d Q a ra A h m a d
'
y zZ r 42n 4 6 4 3 to sa
y t o t h e b e g s H e re w e a r e a t t he t i m e p ro m i s e d ; ,
b e r e a dy b e b o ld A t e r c ro s s i n g M i n ar h ill a n d d i s m o u n ti n g
f - 4
o n it s s ki rt he lpl e s s wi t h c o ld w e l it fi re s t o w a rm o u rs e lv e s
, , .
I t w a s n o t i m e o li g ht t
t t h e s i g n l fi re w e j u s t l it t he s e b e c a u se
a -
w e w e re he lpl e s s in t h a t m i g ht y c o ld N e a r s h o o t o f d a w n we .
ro ed o n fr o m M i n a r -h ill b e t we e n it a n d K ab u l t he s n o w w a s u p
t o t he ho rs e s k n e e s a n d h a d h a r d e n e d s o o ff t he ro a d t o m o v e
’
w a s d i ffi c u lt R id i n g s i n g l e - fi l
.e t h e w h o l e w a y w e g o t t o K ab u l ,
in g o o d t i m e u n d i s c o v e e d r 5 B e fo re w e w e re a t B bi ah r ai
i M - .
( L a dy M o o n -fa c e
) t he bl a z e o f fi re o n t he c it a d e l le t u s k n o w
,
t ha t t he b e g s w e re l o o k i n g o u t .
( l . A t t a c6 m a de on t6 e r e6els .
)
On re a c h n g i S a yyid Q as im s b r id g e S he ri m T a g hai a n d t he ’
,
r i g ht w e re s e n t t o w a rd s M u ll a B ab a s b r id g e w h il e
’
m en of t he ,
2
Ba b v l eft t h G hfi -b d v ll y p h p p s i g t he H a as
ur see m s t o ha e e r un a e , er a s ur u n az r
t w ds J
o g li k
ar d t h ve anm by id g d v ll y h ck i t it f U sht
, an o a co e r e an a e a n o or ur
s h h a I hv r . t l c t e d Ti m a B g
a e L g noAs h s b o a ot d l e dy r e
’
s an ar . a een n e a r a
(9 i .d x
v ) t
. h G h fin-b d e w e t th l w d o f t h e v ll ey ; t h y h v
r un n a rro s a re a e o er e n a e a e
b m i d t b t he fi
e en su r d mp t f
se o ie t l k e ss u r e ra ar o an anc n a e .
H e t hi m y
2
p
er t g d s t o ll -
h e ( I de x
a re re s e n a ua r or o us n s n .
A y 2 2 i
3 p t h the b
s z r4 n f t he b iq t m ight b B l ck Ahm d t h e
s a a c , e a re r o so r ue e a a
ep i i g -t il
d Ajg/ a W M p f K ab l
r a r n a or .
S d it s e vi
'
4 econ z n ar, a o u an n ro n s .
I d t nd t h t t h
5 un i l d i cov d w s res l t f id i g in s i gl e -fi le d
e rs a a e a r r va un s e re a a u o r n n an
t h s sh wi g
u o bl ck m e s n n a as .
9 12 A H .
— MAY 24 T H 15 06 T O MA Y 13 T H 15 07 A D .
we of t he l e ft B ab a L il l i ro a d W he re K h a l i fa s
a n d c e n t re t o o k t he .
d n o w is t he re w a s t h e n a s m a lli s h g a r d e n m a d e by A fi ll i g h
‘
a r e n
g ,
B e g M i rz a fo r a L a n g a r ( a l m s ho u s e ) n o n e o f it s t re e s o r s h r u b s
w e re l e ft b u t it s e n c l o s i n g w a ll w a s t he re In t h i s g a rd e n M i rz a .
K han w a s s e a t e d Mu h H u s a i n M i rz a b e i n g in A fi lfi g h Be g M i rz a s
,
.
’
re a t B ag h -i-bi h i s h t I h a d g o n e a s fa r a l o n g t he l a n e o f M u l l a
g .
B ab a s g a rd e n a s t he b u r i a l -g ro u n d w he n fo u r m e n m e t u s w ho
’
h a d h u rr i e d fo r w a rd i n t o M i r z a K han s q u a r t e rs b e e n b e a t e n
’
, ,
a n d fo r c e d t o t u r n b a c k O n e o f t he fo u r w a s S a yyid Q as i m .
d
L o r o f t he G t
a e a no t h er w a s Q a s i m B eg
,
s s o n Q a m b a r -i- a li
’ ‘
,
a n o t he r w a s S he r -q u l i t he s c o u t a n o t he r w a s S l A h m a d Mug 6 42l , .
o n e o f S he r -q u li s b a n d T he s e fo u r wi t ho u t a G o d fo rbid !
’
.
,
( 6 ) i i t M z K q re u p o n
’
t a a s 6 i h a d g o n e r g h t n o i r a h a n s u a r t e r s t h e
h h i p h d d d y A b
’
e ,
e a r n g a n u ro a r a m o u n t e a n g o t a w a , fl l -h a s a n .
t he a r m o u re r s y o u n g e r b ro t he r e v e n Mu h H u s a i n by n a m e
’
.
, ,
h a d t a k e n s e r vi c e w i t h M i rz a K han he h a d s l a s he d a t S he r-q u l i ,
Fol . 19 8 6 .
o n e o f t ho s e fo u r t h ro w n him d o w n a n d w a s j u s t s t r iki n h is
, g ,
he d o ff w he n S he r q u l i fre e d h i m s e l f
a ,
- Th o s e fo u r t a s t e rs o f .
,
t he s wo rd t a s t e rs o f t he a rro w w o u n d e d o n e a n d a ll c a m e
, , ,
p e l t i n g b a c k o n u s t o t he pl a c e m e n t i o n e d .
O u r ho rs e m e n j a m m e d in t he n a rro w l a n e w e re s t a n di n g
, ,
s till , u n a bl e t o m o v e fo rw a r d o r b a c k S a id I t o t he b ra v e s .
“
G e t o ff a n d fo rc e a r o a d O ff g o t N as ir s D o s t K hw aj a
’
near , ,
M u h a m m a d A li t he lib ra r i a n B ab a S he r-z ad ( Ti g e r -w h e lp )
‘
, ,
S hah Ma h m i l d a n d o t he rs p u s he d fo rwa rd a n d a t o n c e c l e a re d
‘
t he w a y T he e n e m y t o o k t o fli g ht
W
. .
e h a d l o o k e d fo r t he be s t o c o m e o u t fro m t he F o r t b u t
g
t he y c o u ld n o t c o m e in t i m e fo r t he w o r k ; t he y o n ly d ro pp e d
in by o n e s a n d t w o s a ft e r w e ha d m a d e t he e n e m y s c u rry o ff
, , .
A h m a d -i-y as u f ha d c o m e fro m t he m be fo re I w e n t i n t o t he
C h a r - a h w h e re
b g M i rz a K han ha d be e n he e n t in w i t h m e W ,
b u t w e b o t h t u r n e d b a c k w he n w e s a w t he M i rz a h a d g o n e o ff .
C o m i g
n in a t t h e g a r d e n -
g a t e w a s D o s t o f S a r —i- u l a f
p o o t -s o ldi e r
,
I ha d p ro m o t e d fo r h is b o ld n e s s t o b e K o tw al a n d ha d l e ft in
K ab u l he m a d e s t ra i g ht fo r m e s wo rd in ha n d I ha d m y , .
c u i r a s s o n b u t h a d n o t fa s t e n e d t he 6 4 c6 a n o r ha d I
2
’
g a r u t o Fol I 99
p n !
g6 6 6 wh i h M E k i xpl i t b t he f pl t s f m il m d t
'
2
or ar 4c a , c r . rs ne e a ns o e our a e o a a e o
,
co ve t h b k f t nd id es ; t h ji 6 w ld t h b e t he w dde d d - t t whi h
r e ac , ro n a s e a ou us a un e r c oa o c
t h ey tt c h d
a re a a e .
K AB U L
m y he l m W he t he r he d id n o t re c o g n ize m e be c a u s e o f c ha n g e
.
w ro u g h t by c o ld a n d s n o w o r w he t he r b e c a u s e o f t he fl u rry o f ,
t h e fi g ht t h o u g h I s ho u t e d
,
H ai D o s t h ai D o s t ! a n d t ho u g h
A h m a d -i-y i l s u f a l s o s ho u t e d he wit ho u t a G o d fo r bid !
'
, ,
b ro u g ht d o w n his s w o rd o n m y u n p ro t e c t e d a rm O n ly by .
G o d s g ra c e c a n it ha v e b e e n t ha t n o t a ha i rb re a d t h o f h a r m
’
wa s d o n e t o m e .
I f a wo d ho o k t h E t h f m he pl c s r s e ar ro r a e,
N t v i wo ld it c t t ill G d w ill o a e n u u o s .
It vi rt u e o f a p ra y e r I ha d re p e a t e d t ha t t he
w a s t h ro u g h t h e
G re a t G o d a ve rt e d t h i s d a n g e r a n d t u rn e d t h i s e vil a s id e T ha t .
p ra y e r w a s a s fo l l o ws
O m y G o d 5 Th t my C e t ; e x e pt T h th is G od
ou ar O r a or c ee e re no . n
Th d I p se m y t t T h
ee o t th L
re d f t he m ight y t h e Wh t
o ru s ou ar e or o ro n . a
G d w ill c m o t p ss d wh t he d
s o t w ill
es m s ot t o p
o a d an a o es n o co e n a ss an
t h e is p wer t gt h b t t h ugh t he high d e x lt d G d

no o e r o r s re n d of u ro an a e o an ,
t th i
a ll t h i g G d i
ru ,
l m ighty
n a d ve ily H c m p eh d
n s ll t h i g
o s a an r e o r en s a n s
by hi k wl dge d h s t k no c t fe yt hi g 0 m y C e t
,
an as a en a co un o e v er n . r a or as
I si ly t t i Thee d Th
n c e re i by t he f l o ck ll vil p o ce d i g
ru s n , o ou se z e o re a e r e n
f m w it h i m y l f
ro d ll e vi l c m i g f m w it h t
n se d ll e vil p c d i g
,
an a o n ro ou , an a ro ee n
fl
f m eve y m ro wh b th ccr i f e vil
an d ll s ch e vil as
o ca n p c d e e o as o n o , an a u ca n ro ee
f om y l ivi g t hi g
r d em v t h m f
an nf om m i cn f t t h Th
, an r o e e ar r e s n e, o a ru , ou
t t h L o d f t he e x l t d t h
2
ar e r o a e ro n e
On l e a vi n g t ha t g a r d e n we w e n t to Mu h H u s a i n M i rza s ’
fl
.
q u a r t e rs in t he B ag h-i-bi h i s ht b u t he h a d e d a n d g o n e o ff t o ,
h id e h i m s e l f S e ve n o r e i g ht m e n s t o o d in a b re a c h o f t he
.
199 6 d -w a ll I p d t t h e m t h e y c o u ld n o t s t a n d ; t he y
. .
g a r e n ; s u r r e a ;
e d ; I g o t u p w it h t he m a n d c u t a t o n e wit h m y s w o r d ; h e
r o ll e d o v e r in s u c h a w a y t ha t I fa n c i e d h is he a d w a s o ff p a s s e d ,
o n a n d w e n t a wa y it s e e m s he w a s M i rz a K han s fo s t e r -b ro t he r
’
T il lik K fi kfi ldas h a n d t ha t m y s w o r d fe ll o n his s ho u ld e r .
A t t he g a t e o f Mu h H u s a i n M i rz a s q u a rt e rs a Mu g h fi l
’
.
,
I r e c o g n iz e d fo r o n e o f m y o wn s e rv a n t s d re w h is b o w a n d a i m e d ,
at m
y f a c e fro m a pl a c e o n t h e r o o f a s n e a r m e a s a g a t e -w a rd
s t a n d s t o a G a te P e o pl e o n a ll s id e s s ho u t e d H ai ! hai it is
.
,
”
t he P ad s hah H e c h a n g e d h is a im s h o t o ff h is a rro w a n d r a n
.
,
a way T he a ffa i r w a s b e y o n d t he s ho o t i n g o f a rro w s ! H is

.
M i rz a his l e a d e rs ha d ru n a w a y o r b e e n t a k e n ; w hy w a s he
, ,
s ho o t i n g
2
Thi p y s ra er is co m po d se of e xt ra c t s fr o m t h e Q o r an ( Al em s i 4 5 4 .
, n ot e ) ; it is
re p d d it
ro uce as st a n d s in Mr . Er sk i ne s
’
d g p
w o r in ( .
K AB U L
T w i c e o ve r w he n fi c kl e F o rt u n e a n d di s c o rd a n t F a t e h a d p a rt e d
Fol . 200 4 ,
m e fro m t h ro n e a n d c o u n t ry r e t a i n e r a n d fo ll o w i n g I a n d m y
, , ,
m o t he r w i t h m e h a d t a k e n re fu g e wi t h t he m a n d h a d h a d n o
,
k i n d n e s s s o e v e r fro m t he m A t t ha t t i m e m y y o u n g e r b ro t he r
.
(i e c o u s n )
. . i M i r z a K h an a n d hi s m o t h e r S u l t an -n i ar K h an i m
g
he ld v a l u a bl e c u l t iv a t e d di s t r i c t s ; y e t m y m o t he r a n d I to ,
—
l e a ve a ll q u e s t i o n o f a d i s t r i c t a s id e -w e re n o t m a d e p o s s e s s o rs
W
,
of a s i n g l e vill a
g e o r a fe w y o k e o f pl o u g h -o x e n a s m y .
2
m o t he r n o t Y i ma s K h an s d a u g ht e r ? w a s I n o t h is g r a n d s o n ?
’
In m y d a y s o f pl e n t y I h a v e g iv e n fr o m m y h a n d w h a t m a t c he d
t he bl o o d -re l a t i o n s h ip a n d t he p o s i t i o n o f w h a t s o e ve r m e m be r
o f t ha t ( C h a g h a t ai ) dy n a s t y c h a n c e d d o w n u p o n me Fo r .
e x a m pl e w h e n t he ho n o u r e d S hah B e g i m c a m e t o m e I g a v e
, ,
he r P a m g han o n e o f t he b e s t pl a c e s in K ab u l a n d fa il e d in n o
, ,
s o r t o f fi l i a l d u t y a n d s e r vi c e t o w a r d s h e r A g a i n w he n S l S a i d
‘
.
, .
K han K han in K as hg ha r c a m e [9 14 A H ] w i t h fi v e o r s ix n a k e d
, ,
fo ll o w e rs o n fo o t I l o o k e d u p o n h im a s a n h o n o u re d g u e s t a n d
,
g a v e h im M a n d r aw a r o f t he L a m h an t am an s
g B e y o n d t h i s .
a l s o w he n S h ah I s m a i l h a d kill e d S ha ib aq K h an in M a r v a n d
‘
I c ro s se d o ve r t o Q an d fi z ( 9 16 A H — 1 5 1 1 t he A n d ijan i s
.
,
s o m e d r ivi n g t he i r ( A fi z b e g ) dar og /z a s o u t s o m e m a ki n g t he i r ,
pl a c e s fa s t t u rn e d t he i r e y e s t o m e a n d s e n t m e a m a n a t t ha t
,
t i m e I t r u s t e d t ho s e o ld fa m ily s e r v a n t s t o t ha t s a m e S l S a i d
‘
.
K han g a v e h im a fo r c e m a d e h im K h an a n d s p e d him fo rt h
, ,
.
A g a i n d o w n t o t he p re s e n t t i m e (ci r ca 9 34 A H ) I h a v e n o t
, .
l o o k e d u p o n a n y m e m b e r o f t ha t fa m ily w ho h a s c o m e t o m e ,
in a n y o t he r l i g ht t ha n a s a bl o o d -re l a t i o n F o r e x a m pl e t he re .
,
a re n o w in m y s e rvi c e C hi n -t i m li r S u l t an A i s an -t i m ar S u l t an
‘
Fol . 20 1
.
,
T ak ht a-b ag ha S u l t an a n d B ab a S u l t an ; o n o n e a n d a ll o f
,
2
t he s e I ha v e l o o k e d w it h m o re fa v o u r t ha n o n bl o o d -re l a t i o n s
of my o wn .
I do n o t w r i t e t h i s in o rd e r t o m a k e c o m pl a i n t ; I ha v e
w r i t t e n t he pl a i n t ru t h I do n o t s e t t he s e m a t t e rs d o w n in
.
o rd e r t o m a k e k n o w n m o w n d e s e rt s I h a v e s e t d o w n e x a c tly
y
w ha t h a s ha pp e n e d In t h i s H i s t o ry I ha v e he ld fi rm ly t o it
.
t ha t t he t r u t h s ho u ld b e re a c he d in e v e ry m a t t e r a n d t ha t e v e ry ,
2
9 42s 6, not e v
en a l it t l pl gh -l d b
e ou an e in g giv en (c 6 a n d 9 u l6a di lzy a , 2 15 f .
2
Th y w
e e r e so n s o f S I A h m d K ha
. a n C /z ag /z a t ai .
9 12 A H .
— MA Y Q4 I H 15 06 T O
' ‘
MA Y I ST H 15 07 A D .
act s h o u ld d e d p re c i s e ly a s it o c c u rre d F ro m t hi s it
be re c o r .
fo ll o w s o f n e c e s s i t y t h a t I h a v e s e t d o w n o f g o o d a n d b a d
wha t e v e r is k n o w n c o n c e r n i n g fa t he r a n d e ld e r b ro t he r ki n s m a n
, ,
a n d s t ra n g e r ; o f t he m a ll I h a v e s e t d o w n c a re fu lly t he k n o w n
vi r t u e s a n d d e fe c t s L e t t he r e a d e r a c c e p t m y e x c u s e le t t he
.
r e a d e r p a s s o n fro m t he pl a c e o f s e v e r i t y !
( 44 . L et t er s f
o v ic t ory .
)
R i s i n g fr o m t h a t a n d g o i n g t o t he C har -b ag h w he re
pl a c e
M i rz a K han ha d b e e n w e s e n t l e t t e rs o f vi c t o ry t o a ll t he
,
c o u n t ri e s c lan s and r e t a i n e rs
,
T h i s d o n e I ro d e t o t he
,
.
,
c it a de l .
(o . A r r es t o f r e6el lea der s .

)
M u ha m m a d H u s a i n M i rz a in h is t e rro r h a vi n g r u n a w a y i n t o
K han i m s b e dd i n g —ro o m a n d g o t h i m s e l f fa s t e n e d u p in a b u n dl e
’
o f b e ddi n g w e a pp o i n t e d M i r i m D i w an w i t h o t h e r b e g s o f t he
,
fo r t t o t a k e c o n t ro l in t ho s e d w e lli n g s c a p t u re a n d b r i n g h im
, , ,
M i ri m D i w an s a id s o m e pl a i n ro u g h w o rd s a t K han i m s
’
in .
g at e by s o m e m e a n s o r o t he r fo u n d t he M i r z a a n d b ro u g h t
, ,
h im b e fo r e m e in t he c i t a d e l I r o s e a t o n c e t o r e c e iv e t he .
M i r z a wi t h m y u s u a l d e fe re n c e n o t e v e n s he wi n g t o o h a rs h ,
a fa c e If I h a d ha d t ha t Mu h H u s a i n M c u t in pi e c e s t he re
. . .
,
w a s t he g ro u n d fo r it t ha t he h a d b a d p a rt in b a s e a n d s ha m e fu l
a c t i o n s t a r t e d a n d s p u rr e d o n m u t i n y a n d t re a s o n
,
D e a t h he .
d e s e rve d w i t h o n e a ft e r a n o t he r o f v a r i e d p a i n a n d t o rt u re b u t ,
b e c a u s e t he re ha d c o m e t o b e v a r i o u s c o n n e xi o n b e t w e e n u s h is ,
ve ry s o n s a n d d a u g ht e rs b e i n g by m y o w n m o t he r s s i s t e r K h fi b ’
n i g ar K han i m I k e p t t h i s j u s t c l a i m in m i n d le t h im g o fre e
, , ,
a n d p e r m i t t e d h im t o s e t o u t t o w a r d s K h u r as an T he c o w a r dly .
i n g ra t e t he n fo rg o t a l t o g e t he r t he g o o d I did him by t he g i ft o f
h is li fe he bl a m e d a n d s l a n d e re d m e t o S ha ib aq K han L itt le .
t i m e p a s s e d h o w e v e r b e fo r e t he K han g a v e h im h is d e s e r t s by
, ,
death .
L v th t F t t h m wh d e t h e w g
ea e ou o a e e an o o s e ro n ,
F Ft i v g i g vit
or a e s an a en n se r or .
2
f 16 0
2
. .
K AB U L
A h m a d -i-q as i m K o6 6u r an d t he
b ra v e s s e n t in p u rs u i t p a rty of
'
of M z
ir a K h a n o v e r t o o k h im ,
i n t h e lo w h ill s o f Q a r g h a -
y i laq ,
n o t a bl e e v e n t o ru n a w a y w i t ho u t h e a r t o r fo r c e t o s t i r a fi n g e r
,
T he y t o o k him a n d b ro u g ht h im t o w h e re I s a t in t he n o rt h
,
e st
a p o r c h o f t h e o ld C o u r t -ho u s e S a id I t o him C o m e l e t s .
,
’
h a v e a l o o k a t o n e a n o t he r ( 6 42r 4 2s 6 42l i n
g) b u t t w i c e b e fo r e he ,
c o u ld b e n d t he k n e e a n d c o m e fo r w a r d he fe l l d o w n t hro u g h ,
agit at io n W he n we ha d l o o k e d a t o n e a n o t he r I pl a c e d h im
.
,
by m y s id e t o g iv e him he a rt a n d I d ra n k fi rs t o f t he s he rbe t ,
b ro u g ht in in o rd e r t o r e m o ve h is fe a rs
,
?
A s t ho s e w ho h a d j o i n e d h im s o ld i e rs p e a s a n t s Mu g h ll ls a n d
'
, , ,
C ha g ha t ai s w e re in s u s p e n s e w e s i m ply o rd e re d him t o r e m a i n
,
2
,
fo r a fe w d a y s in h is e ld e r s i s t e r s ho u s e ; b u t a fe w d a y s l a t e r
’
he w a s a ll o w e d t o s e t o u t fo r K hu ras an 3 b e c a u s e t ho s e m e n t i o n e d
a b o v e w e re s o m e w h a t u n c e r t a i n a n d it d id n o t s e e m w e l l fo r
h im t o s t a y in K ab u l .
(p . Ex cu r s i on to K o6 dam a n- .
)
l e t t i n g t ho s e t w o g o
A ft e r ,
we m ad e an e x c u rs i o n t o B aran ,
C has h-t ap a a n d t he s ki rt o f ,
G u l-i-b a har 4 . M o re b e a u t i fu l in
Ha ida r s
’
pi n io n o f Ba b t h is c r is is is of t he m o re t ha t his o w n fa t he r
W
2
o ur at a c c o u nt
o ne o f t he bl lt y v “a ve n g in g ”
wa s re g o t o t he m e r c o f t h e
e s e s e r it o r h e n he .
b
w r it e s o f B a u r , a s b i g
p vk g
e n , a t a t im e so g
r o o in , g a y , e n e ro u s , a ffe c t io n a t e , s im e pl
l
a n d g e n t e , h e se s g t b ef p K pl g
o r e u s in s i h t a n d t e m e r in t u n e w it h i in s
’
If
d d l b e t w e e n C ha g ha t ai a n d Mug h il l
’
2
Bab u r s is t in c t io n , m a e h e r e a n d e s e wh e r e ,
p g g
t o u ch e s t h e o ld t o ic o f t h e r i h t o r w ro n o f t he t e r m dy Mug hil l n a st hat y W
l d ll d b
he , a s a s o H a i a r , a o ws sa i is t ha t if B a u r w e r e t o d e s c r ib e his m o t h e r in t rib a l
ld s a y s h e wa s ha f -C ha gh a t ai , h a f-Mu gh t l l
l l a n d t ha t if h e s o d bd
'
t e rm s , h e w o u e s c ri e
l
h im s e f, h e w o u ld l
s a y h e w a s ha f- T k l
T i m arid - u r , ha f-C ha g ha t ai H e m i ht ha e . g v
ll d dy y
ca e t he n a st dd I d T k g v ll d
he fo u n e in n ia u r i , m i ht ha e c a e it T i m il r iya ; h e w o u d l
v v ll d
n e e r ha e c a e it Mu gh rl l , a ft e r his m a t e rn a
lg d ra n m o t he r
'
d p l fi dvd C g K
H a i ar , w it h im e rfe c t c a ss i c a t io n , i i es hi n i z h an s
’
Mu ghfl l ho r e d
in t oM g l k y
u h a s a n d C ha g ha t ai s a n d o f t his C ha gha t ai o fft a e sa s t ha t n o n e r e m a in e d
. x p l
in 9 5 3 A H ( 1 5 4 7 A D ) e c e t t he r u e rs , i e so n s o f SI Ahm a
. d K ha n (
. . . TR . .
M ly
a n ife s t b dy
t h e re wa s a o b pp
o f C ha gha t ai s w it h Ba u r a n d t h e r e a e a r t o ha e ee n v b
y g
m a n n e a r his da y in t h e H e ri r e io n , —
‘
b k ‘
A li s h e r N a w a i t he e st n o w n
- .
b
Ba u r su ppl g dy y
ie s d ir e c t io n s fo r n a m in h is v l
n a st w h e n , a s s e e ra t im e s , h e c a im s l
l
t o r u e in H in d fl st an wh e r e t h e T k ld
ur ha d r u e ( f 2 336 , f 2 2 4 6 , f T o ca . . . ll
his dy y n a st Mu gh l l l s e e m s t o lo t o u t t he c e n t u rie s , s o m e t h in a s we sho u do
b '
g ld by
ll g
c a in gl T
t h e E n ish euton s bl g
I f t he re is t o b e s u c h
. o t t in - ’
o u t , A b fi l - haz i w o u g ld
ll
a o w u s, by bl T kd
h is t a e s o f ur p l
e s c e n t , t o g o fu r t h e r , t o t h e r im a s o u r c e o f a ll t he
b d T k
t ri e s c o n c e r n e , t o T
u r , s o n o f J a he t
p d ld h is t ra i t io na e.sc e n t is a n o t h e r ar um ent g
g
a a in s t Mu g h il l n a s t
dy y ”
.
3T y he w e n t t o Q d dg p v
a n a har a n d t he re s u ff e re reat ri a t io n
~
.
4 Baran s e m
e l k ly
s i e t o b e t he Ba ia n o f s o m e m a p s G u l -i b a har is h i he r u p o n . g
t h e Pa njhi r ro a d C ll v b g
has h -t ii p a w i ha e e e n n e a r -b y ; it s n a m e m i ht m e a n H i ll of
.
t6e [ l ea
p f o w i n no w e d-cor n .
K AB U L
T ha t wa s a m a rve ll o u s s i g n o f t he D ivi n e m i g ht ! T w o o r
t h re e y e a rs e a r li e r t he M i r z a ha d l e ft t he K ab u l c o u n t ry l ik e a
fo e d r ivi n g t r ib e s a n d ho rd e s l ik e s he e p b e fo r e him re a c he d
, ,
B a d a k hs han a n d m a d e fa s t it s fo r t s a n d v a ll e y -s t ro n g ho ld s .
Wi t h w ha t fa n c y in h is m i n d h a d he m a r c he d o u t ? N o w he2
w a s b a c k h a n g i n g t he he a d o f s ha m e fo r t ho s e e a rl i e r m i s d e e d s
, ,
hu m bl e d a n d d i s t ra u g ht a b o u t t ha t b re a c h w i t h m e !
M y fa c e s he w e d him n o s o rt o f d i s pl e a s u re ; I m a d e k i n d
e n q u i ry a b o u t h i m s e l f a n d b ro u g ht h im o u t o f h is c o n fu s i o n
, .
2
A n swe r Visio n s of h is fa th e r
’
s s wa y
.
9 13 A H .
- MA Y I 3 T H 15 07 TO MA Y 2ND 15 08 A D .
2
)
'
( a R a id on t6 e G 6 ilji Af g 6 an s
W
. .
e ha d r idd e n out o f K ab u l w i t h t he
i n t e n t i o n o f o v e r-r u n n i n g
t he G h il j i ; w he n w e d i
2
sm un eo t d a t S a r —i -d ih n e w s w a s b ro u g ht
t h a t a m as s o f Ma h m a n d s ( A fg h an s ) w a s lyi n g in M a s ht a n d
S ih k an a o n e y ig 42 (
- 6 c 6 c i r c a 5 m ) a w a y f r o m u s 3 O u r b e g s .a n d .
“
b ra ve s a g re e d in s a yi n g T he M h a m a n d s u b
m s t e v e ru n
, o r -
“
b u t I s a id W o u ld it b e r i g ht t o t u rn a s id e a n d r a id o u r o w n
,
p e a s a n t s i n s t e a d o f d o i n g wha t we s e t o u t t o do ? I t c a n n o t b e .
R idi n g a t n i g ht fro m S a r-i—dih w e c ro s s e d t he pl a i n o f K a t t a w az ,
in t he d a r k a q u i t e bl a c k n i g ht o n e l e v e l s t re t c h o f l a n d n o
, , ,
m o u n t a i n o r r i s i n g -g ro u n d in s i g ht n o k n o w n ro a d o r t ra c k n o t , ,
a m a n a bl e t o l e a d u s In t he e n d I t o o k t he l e a d I h a d b e e n .
in t ho s e p a r t s s e v e ra l t i m e s b e fo re ; d ra w i n g i n fe re n c e s fro m
t h o s e t i m e s I t o o k t he P o l e s t r o - m y ig h t h ld r bl d - 4
W
,
a n r s o u e a e
a n d w i t h s o m e a n xi e t y m o v e d o n
,
G o d b ro u g ht it r i g ht
,
e .
i
w e n t s t ra g h t t o t h e
Q q
i a - t a a n d t h e A fi la b a -t a t o rr e n t t h a t is ,
t o s a y s t r a i g ht fo r K hw aj a I s m a i l S i r i t i w he re t he G h ilji s w e re
‘
lyi n g t he ro a d t o w h i c h c ro s se s t he t o rre n t n a m e d D i s m o u n t i n g
,
.
n e a r t h e t o r re n t w e le t o u r s e lv e s a n d o u r ho rs e s s l e e p a li t tl e
, ,
t o o k b re a t h a n d b e s t i rre d o u rs e lve s a t s ho o t o f d a w n
,
T he S u n .
w s p
a u b e fo r e w e g o t o u t o f t h o s e lo w h ill s a n d v a ll e y -b o t to m s
t o t he pl a i n o n w h i c h t he G h il j i la y w i t h a g o o d y zg lz ac/4 5 o f
Elp h MS f 16 1 ;
2
. .
-i~ B . W
2 1 5 f 1 6 4 a n d 2 1 7 f 1 39 6 ;
. . em s . 2 20 . M . p . .
2
v d
T h e n a rra t i e in ic a t e s t h e o c a t ion o f t h e t r i e , t h e m o er n l hi z ai o r G hilz ib d G l .
3 S ih - an a k l
ie s s e o f Sho rka c h , a n d n e a r
. . ha r i n K
S a r -i-dih is a o u t 2 5 o r 30 b . b
l
m i es s of . G
ha z n i ( E rs in e ) k
A n a m e s u it in t h e a st o ra w e a t h o f t h e t r i e v iz
. g p l l b .
M k
e s h - h a i , Sh e e - l p b
t ri e , is sh e w n o n m a s s o m e w ha t s fro m p
ha r i n C f St e in ga ss . K b . .
s n . . M
a sh t .
4
y ga 6 g dv
r 42n , w h e n c e y a lz r a n c /z i , a i in lp
e r b y h e o f t h e s h o u e r - a e s o f she e
.
ld bl d p .
d lp Cdx gd
T h e e fa c e r o f t h e E hin s t o n e o e h a s c h a n e y ag 6 r 42n t o y an , s i e , t hu s m a in d k g
b d
B a u r t u r n his s i e a n d n o t h is h a f - a c l b k l
t o t h e n o rt h , a t e r in his ir e c t io n , a n d g d
g l k lk j g d
m iss in wha t o o s i e a e st in r e fe r e n c e t o h is o w n iv in a t io n o f t he ro a T he d .
P l
o e St a r w a s s e e n , re su m a p bly b
, g b
e fo r e t h e n i ht e c a m e q u it e ac bl k .
5 F
r o m t h e s u se q u en t b d l d
et a i s o f d
ist a n c e o n e , t his m u s t ha e e e n o n e o f t ho s e v b
g d
oo y gi 6 a c6 o f e r h a s 5 p p
—
6 l d by
m i e s , t ha t a re e s t im a t e t h e e as e o f t ra e o n e e vl lvl
l d I d x
an s ( n e s v y ig 6 ac /z ) . . .
K AB U L
ro a d b e t we e n th e m a n d u s ; o n c e o u t o n t he pl a i n w e c o u ld
see t he i r bl a c k n e s s e i t he r t h e i r o w n o r fro m t he s m o k e o f ,
t he i r fi re s .
W he t he r bit t e n by t he i r o w n w h i m o r w h e t he r w a n t i n g t o ,
2
h u r ry t he w ho l e a r m y s t re a m e d o ff a t t he g a l l o p ( c6 ap 9 42n
,
4la r ) o ff g a ll o p e d I a ft e r t he m a n d by s ho o t i n g a n a rro w
'
d
’
9 4 2i ,
n o w a t a m a n n o w a t a ho r s e c h e c k e d t he m a ft e r a 6 44 r o6 o r
, ,
t w o ( 3 m P) I t is v e ry d i ffi c u l t i n d e e d t o c he c k 5 o r 6 00 0 b ra ve s
. .
g a ll o pi n g l o o s e -re i n G o d b ro u ht it r i h t ! T h e y w e re c h e c k e d !
g g
W he n w e ha d g o n e a b o u t o n e s 6 a r i ( 2 m ) fu rt he r a lw a y s wi t h ‘
.
,
t he A fg han bl a c k n e s s in s i g ht t he r a id w a s a ll o w e d M asse s 2
.
,
o f s he e p fe ll t o u s m o re th a n in a n y o t he r r a id , .
A ft e r we h a d di s m o u n t e d n d m d e t he s p il s
a a o t u r n b a c k o ne
3
,
b o dy o f A fg han s a ft e r a n o t he r c a m e d o w n i n t o t he pl a i n p ro v o k i n g ,
a fi g ht S o m e o f t he b e g s a n d o f t he ho u s e ho ld w e n t a g a i n s t
.
o n e b o dy a n d kill e d e v e ry m a n N as i r M i rz a d id t he s a m e wi t h
a n o t he r a n d a pill a r o f A f h an he a d s w a s s e t u
, g p A n a r ro w .
'
pi e rc e d t he fo o t o f t ha t fo o t -s o ld i e r D o s t t he K o t w al w ho ha s
be e n m e n ti o n e d a l re a dy ; 4 w he n w e re a c he d K ab u l he d i e d ,
.
M a rc h i n g fro m K hw aj a I s m a i l we d i s m o u n t e d o n c e m o re a t ‘
,
A fi lab a-t a S o m e o f t he b e g s a n d o f m y o w n ho u s e ho ld w e re
.
o rd e re d t o g o fo rw a r d a n d c a re fu lly s e p a ra t e o ff t he F i ft h
( K 6 444n s ) o f t he e n e m y s s p o il s By w a y o f fa vo u r we d id n o t
’
.
,
t a k e t he F i ft h fro m Q as i m B e g a n d s o m e o t he rs 5 F ro m w ha t .
2
I m c t i b t t he f rm o f t h w d t l t d by whim
a un er a n a ou T he E lp h o e or ran s a e .
an d H i C di a .d 6 6 2d d lm ( l t d i t h fi t t y l ) ; Ilm i ky ( p 2 5 7 )
o c e s rea 4 : a a e re n e rs o z / na ns .
rea d 6 6 2d l m (d C ii 2 d t ) ; E sk i h b
s 4 z a em i l d by t h P
.
,
i an no e r ne as ee n s e e e rs a n
t l t i ( 2 1 5 f 164 6 d 2 1 7 f
ra n s a on Whet he 6 6 7d dil
. h ld b
an d wit h . r 4 - 444 a s ou e r ea ,
th e s e n se of t f th i w h t (s p t ou ly) w h t he 6 6 2d y l
o e r o own ea r s o n a n eo us ,
or e r 4 - a 4 na
, n
p ( T ki y lm p ) t h e c t st m d by Bab pp
ace ur , a a, t
ace be b tw o n ra a e ur a e a rs o e een an
un p m dit t d g ll p d
re e a ep m d it t d f h t e P i d l m t
a o an t l
o ne re e a e or as . e rs a n a a a, a ra n u a ,
l
a so s u gg t it l f es s se .
2
6 ap 9 2 w hi h i t h w d t
c
'
4 n , l t d by g ll p t h gh t t h p vio p s g
c s e or ra ns a e a o ro u ou e re us a sa e .
T he T ki v b / ap m a9 i f t h e w d - f- ll -w o k f w h i h it i d iffi c l t t
'
ur er c z s o ne o os or s o a r or c s u o
fi d n i g l E g l i h q iv l t
a s n e T h v b 9 27 29 is
n s t h e ; i it t w
e u c a en . e er 4 4 44 4 ano r n s o o c u rre n c e s
h e re th fi st m y b e m t ph
r f m th p a i g f m lt e m t l ; th
a e a d or ro e our n o o en e a e s ec o n
e xp th t p m i i
r e sses t g ll p ff f
a th id w it h t w h i h t
er ss o n id w f b idd e
o a o o or e ra ou c o ra as or n .
Th t- ti
e ro o f 9 27 79 s m t b l t t i g g
no on o t h t f Map 29
4 4 444 pid m t i ee s o e e n - o
,
a o /44 4 , ra o on .
id d f K ab l f 19 8 6
’
3 i .t he
e. on w ra e rs o n ro a or u .
4 . .
T h F ift h t k if t ly t t h l d i p it i In t l t t w pl c e
’
5 e w m a a eas o a s
en as an es a e ru er s s os on .
wh n d p d
e t e d g ift t B ab t h w d [t d 9 ] d m ight b
en a n s se n sde d o ur e or a ss a u u se e re n re
as gift f th p s D t hi m t h t t he p ad 6 6 i e i i g t hi st d s i
or e oor o es s ea n a s
'
a n r ce v n s an n
t h pl
e f t h I m am f t h Q a i j
ace o ct i
e whi h d -fi ft h f p il t
o eb or n n un on c or e rs o n e o s o o e
giv t t he I m am f t h p
en o ph d t v ll —f -fi ft h b i g e e v d f
or e o o r, o r ans, an ra e e rs , our s e n r s r e or
th t op ? (Q a S l d H id ay t B k i )
’
e ro s d 18 2 5 i 2 12 or n, a e s e .
, , an a , oo x .
K AB U L
t u rn e d p s id e d o w n ( t a r t -p a r t )
u t he bl o c k he a d ,
h is o ffe r n g i an d
his p e o pl e o f a ll s o rt s .
(
’
a . [r r es olu t i on o f t6e K 6 u r as 42n Mi r z as ) .
B a d i u z -z a m an
‘
M i rz a M u z a ffa r M i rz a Mu h B a ra n d aq B a r las
’
, , .
a n d Zfi n -n an A rg 6 42n w e re a ll lyi n g wi t h t h e i r a r m y in B ab a
’
K hak i n o t d e c id e d t o fi g ht n o t s e t t l e d t o m a k e ( H e ri ) fo rt
,
2
,
fa s t t he re t he y s a t c o n fo u n d e d v a g u e u n c e r t a i n w ha t t o d o
, , , ,
.
M u ha m m a d B a ra n d aq B a r las w a s a k n o w l e d g e a bl e m a n ; he
k e p t s a yi n g Y o u le t M u z a ffa r M i rz a a n d m e m a k e t he fo rt
,
fa s t ; le t B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a a n d Zfi n -n an B e g g o i n t o t h e
‘ ’ ’
m o u n t a i n s n e a r H e ri a n d g a t he r in S I A li A rg 6 i2n fro m S i s t an
‘
.
a n d Z a m i n d aw a r S h ah B e g a n d M u q i m fro m Q a n d a h ar w i t h
-
,
a ll t he i r a rm i e s a n d le t t h e m c o ll e c t a l s o w ha t t he r e is o f N ikdi ri
,
a n d H a z ar a fo rc e t h i s d o n e le t t he m m a k e a s w i ft a n d t e lli n g ,
m o ve T he e n e m y w o u ld fi n d it d i ffi c u l t t o g o i n t o t he
.
m o u n t a i n s a n d c o u ld n o t c o m e a g a i n s t t he ( H e ri ) fo rt b e c a u s e
,
”
he w o u ld b e a fr a id o f t he a r m y o u t s id e H e s a id w e ll h is .
,
pl a n w a s p r a c t i c a l .
B ra v e t ho u g h Za n n il n A rg 6 42n w a s he w a s m e a n a l o v e r o f
- ’
-
‘
, ,
g o o d s fa r f
,
r o m b u s i n e s s lik e o r j u d i c i o u s r a t h e r s h a ll o w -p ated , ,
a n d a b it o f a fo o l A s ha s b e e n m e n t i o n e d w he n t ha t e ld e r 2
.
,
a n d t ha t y o u n e r b r o t h e r b e c a m e j o i n t -ru l e rs in H e ri he h a d
g ,
c h i e f a u t ho r i t y in B a di u z -z a m an M i rz a s p r e s e n c e H e wa s n o t
‘ ’ ’
.
w illi n g n o w fo r Mu h B a r a n d fl q B e g t o re m a i n i n s id e H e ri t o w n ;
.
b i g
e n t h e l ve
o r -o f-
g o o d s h e w a s h e w a n t e d t o b e t h e re h i m s e l f ,
.
B u t he c o u ld n o t m a k e t h i s s e e m o n e a n d t he s a m e t h i n g 3 Is
t he re a b e t t e r s i g n o f h is s ha ll o w -p a t e a n d c r a z e t h a n t ha t he
d e g ra d e d h i m s e l f a n d b e c a m e c o n t e m p t ibl e by a c c e pti n g t he
l i e s a n d fl a t t e ry o f r o g u e s a n d s y c o p ha n t s ? H e re a re t he
p a r t i c u l a rs 4 W h il e he w a s s o d o m i n a n t a n d t r u s t e d in H e ri
—
,
c e r t a i n S ha ik h s a n d M u ll as w e n t t o h im a n d s a id
“ T he Sp h e re s ,
a re ho ld i n H 6
’
g c o m m e rc e w i t h u s ;
y o u a r e s t yl e d iz a 6 r u l -l a
( L i o n o f G o d ) ; y o u w ill o v e rc o m e t he A fi z b e g B e li e vi n g .
Baba K haki i
2
fi e v ll y s m 1 3 p ig /22 1
s a n f H i (f 13 ) w h
a e ,
th H i
o e 4 4 4 e . o er . e re e er
lt a id i t h h t (j A i t i9 i 50 1 d M y t ic l H S iii
’
su n s re s e n e ea s d . s a ue x v , , e e nar s ar e . .
,
1 72 6 .
3 a 426 /z s6 at a a lm adi . T hi s is one of man yp a ssa g

wh ic h Ilm in sky in ica t e s he
es d
ha s m a e d g d by h lp o f t h M m
oo e e e o irs p
( 26 1
. Al enz oi r es ii,
4 he T y giv l f 1 72
a re e n a so o n . .
9 13 A H .
- MA Y 13 T H 15 07 TO MAY 2N D 15 08 A D .
w o rd s h i b h i -c l o t h r o u n d h is n e c k a n d v
t he se ,
h e p u t s a t n g g a e
t ha n k s . It w a s t h ro u g h t h i s he d id n o t a c c e p t M u h a m m a d
B a ra n d aq B e g s l d id n o t s t re n g t he n t he w o rk s
’
se ns ibl e c o u n se ,
r e a dy fi g ht i n g e q u ip m e n t
( a i s 6 ) o f t h e f o r t g e t set sc o u t o r
, ,
r e a r w a r d t o w a r n o f t he fo e s a pp r o a c h o r pl a n o u t s u c h m e t h o d
’
o f a r r a y t h a t s h o u ld t he fo e a pp e a r h is m e n w o u ld fi g h t wi t h
, ,
r e a dy h e a r t .
( e . S 6 a i6a9 K 6 42n t a 6 es H er a)
S h a ib aqK han p a s s e d t h ro u g h M u rg t o n ea r S in h -ab i r -kai
2
t he m o n t h o f M u h a rr a m ( 9 1 3 A H Ma y J u n e 1 50 7 W he n .
—
t he M i rz as h e a r d o f it t h e y w e re a l t o g e t he r u p s e t c o u ld n o t , ,
act c o ll e c t
,
t ro o p s a r ra y t ho s e t h e y h a d ,
D re a m e rs t he y .
,
a n n an A rg 6 42n m a d e g l o r i o u s
’
m o v e d t hr o u g h a d re a m ! Z - 2
,
by t ha t fl a t t e ry w e n t o u t t o Q a ra-ra b at w i t h 10 0 t o 1 50 m e n
, , ,
t o fa c e to A fl z b e g s : a m a s s o f t he s e c o m i n g u p ,
hu s t el d h i s o ff t o o k hi m kill e,
d h im a n d c u t o ff h is h e a d,
3 .
In F or t Ikh y t i a r u d -d i n it is k n o w n a s A l a-q ar han 4 w e re

’
g , ,
t he M i rz as m o t he r s e ld e r a n d y o u n g e r s i s t e rs w iv e s a n d
’
, ,
t re a s u re T he M i rz as re a c he d t he t o w n a t n i g h t le t t he i r
.
,
h o r s e s re s t t ill m id n i g ht s l e p t a n d a t d a w n fl u n g fo r t h a g a i n , , .
T he y c o u ld n o t t hi n k a b o u t s t re n g t he n i n g t he fo rt ; in t he
re s pi t e a n d c ra c k o f t i m e t h e r e w a s t h e y j u s t r a n a w a y 5 l e a vi n g , ,
m o t he r s i s t e r w i fe a n d l i t t l e c h ild t o A fi z b e g c a p t ivi t y
, ,
.
W ha t t he re w a s o f S I H u s a i n M i rz a s 6 a r a 4 n P ay a n d a -s u l t an .
’
B e gi m a n d K ha dija B e gi m a t t he he a d o f it w a s i n s id e ,
Ala q h d -z a m an
‘
h h f
’
- a r g a n t e r e t o o w e r e t e 6 a r a 4n s o B a i u z
2
T hi
m a y b e Sira kh s o r Sira khsh ( E rs in e )
s k .
2
T 42s 6 l4 9 t 42s 6 d4 n J / i2r di 6i r 42r lar
'
A t e a st t w o m e a n in s c a n b e i e n t o t h e s e
' ‘
. l g gv
wor s d . C
ir c u m st a n c e s s e e m t o e c u e t he o n e in w hic h t h e
“
e m o irs ( xl d 2 22 ) an d M p .
M v
ém o i r es ( ii, 7 ) ha e t a e n t h e m he re , v i z k
e a c h m a n w e n t o ff t o s hift fo r h im s e f
”
l
“
.
,
a nd
’ ’
ll
c h a c u n s e n a a d e s o n c 6 t é e t s e n fu it c o m m e il p u t
”
, e c a u se Zli
’
n -n fi n d id b '
n o t g o o ff, a n d t he i rz as M b k
ro e u p a ft e r h is e fe a t t h e r e fo re s u e st a n o t h e r d . I gg
r e a in , o n ed g ro m t e p t he p d by
i rz as
’
M
a u e fa n c ie s a n d r e a m s o f wh a t t h e vg
m i ht d y g
d o , b u t did n o t .
3 T h e e n c o u n t e r wa s e t w e en b ‘
B e l aq i m a ra a n d a at -i- a li -sh e r, n ea r B a hi s
- - l Rb dg
’
( R a v e rty s N ot es p . p
F o r a r t ic u a r s o f t he t a in o f H e ri s ee H S iii, 3 5 3 l k g . . .
4 O ne m a
y b e t h e o o b k
-n a m e t h e se c o n
, t he n a m e in c o m m o n u s e , a n d d u e t o t h e d
l
c o o u r o f t he ui in s b ld g b
B u t Ba u r m a y b e m a in a n iro n ic a e s t , a n d n ic n a m e t h e
. k g lj k
fo r t a wo r by
r e fe r r in d g
t o t h e d e fi le m e n t ( ala) o f A i1z b e g o sse ss io n ( C f H S iii, p . . . .
5 Mr E rs in e n o t e s t ha t Ba di u z -z a m an t o o
k k g I l
‘ ’ ‘
. r e f u e w it h Sh ah sm a i Saf a w i
wh o a e him gv a ri z Tb W
h en t he u r is h E m e r o r Sa im t o o
. T k
a riz in 9 2 0 A H p l k Tb .
( 1 5 14 k p
h e wa s t a e n riso n e r a n d c a rr ie t o o n st a n t in o e , w h e re h e ie in d C pl d d
9 23 AH .
( 15 1 7
K AB U L
M i rz a M u z a ffa r M i rz a wit h t he i r l i t t l e c h ild re n t re a s u re a n d

2
and
fl
, ,
ho u s e ho ld s W ha t w a s d e s i ra bl e fo r m a ki n g t he fo rt
fa s t ha d n o t b e e n d o n e ; e ve n b ra v e s t o re i n fo rc e it h a d n o t
a rr iv e d A s h iq
.
-i -m u h a m m a d A rg 6 42n t he y o u n g e r b ro t he r o f
‘
,
M a z i d Be g ha d e d fro m t he a r m y o n fo o t a n d g o n e i n t o it
,
in it w a s a l s o A m i r U m a r B e g s s o n A li K han
‘ ’ ‘
S ha ik h A bd u l lah t he t a s t e r w a s t he re
- ‘ ’
M i rz a Be g K ai
6 6 u s r a 424 w a s t he re ; a n d M i ra k G 42r ( o r K 42r ) t he D i w an w a s th e re
‘
W he n S ha ib aq K han a rr ive d t w o o r t hre e d a y s l a t e r ; t he

S h a ik h u l - i s l am a n d n o t a bl e s w e n t o u t t o him w i t h t he k e y s o f
’
t he o u e t r - f o r t T h a t s a m e A s.h iq -i- m u h a m m a d he ld Ala

‘
h fo r 16 o r I 7 d a y s ; t h e n a m i n e r u n fro m t he ho rs e
‘
q gi l r a n ,
m a r k e t o u t s id e w a s fi re d a n d b ro u g h t a t o w e r d o w n ; t he g a rr i s o n
,
l o s t he a r t c o u ld ho ld o u t n o l o n g e r s o le t t he fo rt b e t a k e n
, , .
(f . 5 6 4446 429 K 6 42n i n H er i ) .
S ha ib aq K han
b e ha v e d b a dly n o t o n ly t o
,
a ft e r t ak ing H e ri ,
2
t he w iv e s a n d c h ild re n o f it s ru l e rs b u t t o e v e ry p e rs o n s o e ve r .
F o r t he s a k e o f t h i s fi v e -d a y s fl e e ti n g w o r ld he e a rn e d h i m s e l f
’
a b ad n a m e H is fi r s t i m p ro p e r a c t a n d d e e d in H e ri wa s t ha t
.
.
fo r t he s a k e o f t h i s r o t t e n w o r ld ( c6 ir 6 du ny ci ) he c a u s e d ,
K ha dija B e g i m v a r i o u s m i s e r i e s t hro u g h l e t t i n g t he vil e w re t c h ,
Pa y -m a s t e r S hah M a n s ar g e t ho ld o f he r t o l o o t T he n he le t .
A bd u l -w a hhab Mug 6 42l t a k e t o l o o t a p e rs o n s o s a i n tly a n d s o

‘ ’
re v e re d a s S h a ik h P aran a n d e a c h o n e o f S ha ik h P aran s c h ild re n

’
b e t a k e n by a s e p a ra t e p e rs o n H e le t t he b a n d o f p o e t s b e .
s e i z e d by M u ll a B a n a i a m a t t e r a b o u t w h i c h t h i s v e rs e is w e ll
’
k n o w n in K hu ras an
E x pt A bd l -lah t he s t pid fo l ( 6 i -6 6
‘ ’
)
ce u u o r ar ,
N t p e t t -d y s s t h c l f g ld ; o a o o a ee e o our o o
F m t h p t b d B a i w ld g t g ld ro e oe s
’
an an
’
ou e o ,
20 66
A ll h w ill g t i 6 i -66 e e s r ar 3
Fol
.
. .
2
In t he fo rt w e r e his w ife a u i Be im , o f A il lfi g h B e g K b l g d
K a6 44l4 a n d . M .
'
R u q a i a A ha, y g k
n o w n a s t h e N i h t in a e A oun a u ht e r o f t h e g gl y gd g
i rz a, n a m e . M d
t he R
o se -b u d ( h ac ha ), h a d ie C
u st k
e fo r e t he s ie e d dj b g
A ft e r t he s u r r e n e r o f t h e . d
fo r t , K b l
a u i B e i m wa s m a r r ie g ‘
d by M
i rz a K fi kil ldas h ( e rha s A sh iq -i-m u ha m m a p p d
A rg 6 i2n ) uqa i a R y by T
i m ar S l A 424 6eg ( H S iii, . . .
2
T he K 6 u t6a w a s rs t r ea fo r S ha ib aq fi han in H e ri o n r i a d u ha rra m 1 st h K F dyM
9 1 3 A H ( Ma y 2 7t h 1 5 0 7
. AD .
3 T P p
he r e is a e rs ia n h ra s e u se w he n a m a n e n a e s in a n u n ro t a e u n e r t a in d gg p fi bl d k g
Xi 4 -i -6 lz a r g emf t , i e A s i n i n er v u m dep r e6 en det ( E rs in e )
'
. . T he H S o es n o t k . . . d
K AB U L
ro a ,
w d
h i c h
2—
m i g h t h a v e t u r n e d o u t a n a m a zi n ly
g g o o d id e a
B u t w h il e t he y s it s t ill t he re in M a s hh a d w i t h n o t h i n g d e c id e d ,
t he S u l t an s a rr iv e by fo rc e d m a rc he s T he M i rz as fo r t he i r p a rt .
y d o o u t A b fi l - m u h s i n M i rz a is q u i c kly o v e rc o m e a n d
’
a r ra a n g
ro u t e d K ap u k M i rza c ha rg e s h is b ro t he r s a s s a il a n t s w i t h ’
s o m e w h a t fe w m e n h im t o o t he y c a rry o ff b o t h b ro t he rs a re
d i s m o u n t e d a n d s e a t e d in o n e pl a c e ; a ft e r a n e m b ra c e ( 9 42c6 42s 6 ) ,
t he y k i s s fa re w e l l b m u h s i n s h e w s s o m e w a n t o f c o u ra g e
’
A tl l -
in K ap u k M i rz a it a ll m a k e s n o c ha n g e a t a ll T he h e a d s o f .
b o t h a re s e n t t o S ha ib aq K han in P u l-i—s al ar .
(6 . B a6u r m a r c6 es f or Q a n da 6 42r .
)
d a y s S hah Be g a n d h is y o u n g e r b ro t he r M u h a m m a d
In t ho s e
M u qi m b e i n g a fra id o f S ha ib aq K han s e n t o n e e n v o y a ft e r
, ,
i d i l l t ( ) g ivi i ‘
a n o t he r t o m e w t h u t fu e t e r s a r z -das 6 t n g s
g n o f ,
a m i t y a n d g o o d -w i s he s M u qi m in a l e t t e r o f his o w n e xpl i c i t ly
.
, ,
i n vi t e d m e F o r u s t o l o o k o n a t t he A fi z b e g o v e r-r u n n i n g t he
.
w ho l e c o u n t ry w a s n o t s e e m ly ,
a n d a s by l e t t e rs a n d e n v o y s ,
S hah Be g a n d M u qi m h a d g ive n m e i n vi t a t i o n t he re re m a i n e d ,
littl e d o u b t t he y w o u ld w a i t u p o n m e Wh e n a ll b e g s a n d ?
c o u n s e ll o r s h a d b e e n c o n s u l t e d t he m a t t e r w a s l e ft a t t h i s e ,
—
W
w e re t o g e t a n a r m y t o ho rs e j o i n t he A rg h an b e g s a n d d e c id e ,
in a c c o rd a n d a g re e m e n t wit h t he m w he t he r t o m o v e i n t o ,
K hu ras an o r e l s e w he re a s m i g ht s e e m g o o d .
(i . [n G 6 a z ni and Q a lat -i
B e g i m m y a u n t ( y i n 6 42) a s I u s e d t o c a ll he r
H a bi b a -s u l t an , ,
m e t u s in G h a z n i h a vi n g c o m e fro m H e ri a c c o rdi n g t o a rra n g e

, ,
m e n t in o r d e r t o b r i n g he r d a u g ht e r Ma s fl m a -s u l t an B e g i m
‘
,
.
Wit h t he ho n o u re d B e gi m c a m e K hu s ra u K fi kfi ldas h S l Q u l i ,
.
C 6 i2n 429 ( O n e -e a re d ) a n d G a d ai B a lal w ho ha d re t u rn e d t o m e
Thi i l ik ly t b t h
2
s s d p i g t h gh t h C f x f R b t - gb t
e o e e ro a a ss n ro u e ar a o a a I -sa n as ,
d ib d by D l t - hah ( B w p
e sc r e au a s ro ne , .
Thi w ill m
2
th t t h
s A gh a w ld k wl dg hi
ea n a i ty ; H id
e r ns ou ac no e e s s uz e ra n a ar
M i a h w v y t h t Shah B g h d h igh vi w ( T R p
rz o e e r sa s a Th h d b e a er e s . . . e re a een
li
e ar g i t i b
er n e t w Z a - f
oc a w it h B
ons di - ma
e d Bab
een wh i h m y
’
n n ln a
‘ ’
u z za n an ur c a
h v l d t th
a e b d m t f Bab
e o e a xp d it i i 9 1 1 AD (f 1 5 8 H S iii 3 2 3
an on en o ur s e
’
e on n . . . .
,
R ty
av e r
’
t (N t p 5 8 1 2 ) f Bab
s a c co un d l i g w it h t h A gha hi f
o es . d —
o ur s
’
ea n s e r n c e s n ee s
revi i ) s on .
9 13 A H .
— MAY I 3 T H 15 07 T O MA Y 2N D 15 08 A D .
a ft e r fli h t f o m H e i fi t t o I b n -i-h u s a i n M i rz a t he n t o A b fi l
’
g r r rs ,
m u h s i n M i rz a wi t h n e i t he r o f w ho m t he y c o u ld re m a i n
,
2
.
In Q a l at t he a r m y c a m e u p o n a m a s s o f H in d fi s t an t ra d e r s ,
c o m e t he re t o t r a ffi c a n d a s it s e e m e d u n a bl e t o g o o n T he , , .
g e n e r a l o pi n i o n a b o u t t h e m w a s t h a t p e o pl e w h o a t a ti m e o f ,
s u c h h o s t ili t i e s a re c o m i n g i n t o a n e n e m y s c o u n t ry m ust be
’ 2
,
pl u n d e re d Wi t h t h i s ho w e ve r I d id n o t a g re e ; s a id I W ha t
.
“
,
is t he t r a d e rs o ffe n c e ? If we l o o ki n g t o G o d s pl e a s u re l e a v e
’ ’
, ,
s u c h s c r a pi n g s o f g a i n a s id e t he M o s t H i g h G o d w il l a pp o rti o n ,
o u r re w a r d I t is n o w j u s t a s it w a s a s ho r t t i m e b a c k w h e n w e
.
ro d e o u t t o r a id t he G h il j i m a n y o f y o u t he n w e r e o f o n e m i n d
t o ra id t he Ma hm a n d A fg h an s t he i r s he e p a n d g o o d s t h e i r , ,
w iv e s a n d fa m ili e s j u s t b e c a u s e t he y w e re wit h i n fi v e m il e s o f ,
y ou ! T h e n a s n o w I d id n o t a re e wi t h
g y o u O n t h e v e ry .
n e xt d a y t he M o s t H i g h G o d a pp o rt i o n e d y o u m o re s he e p
be l o n g i n g t o A fg han e n e m i e s t ha n ha d e ve r b e fo re fa ll e n t o t he ,
”
s h a re o f t h e a r m y S o m e t h i n g by w a y o f p es 6 6 a s 6 ( o ffe r i n g )
.
w a s t a k e n fro m e a c h t ra d e r w he n we d i s m o u n t e d o n t he o t he r
s id e o f Q a l at .
(f . F u r t 6 er 4n a r c6 s ou t 6 .
)
B e yo n d Q a l at t wo M i rz as j o i n e d u s fl e e i n g fro m Q a n d a har , .
O n e w a s M i rz a K han ( W a i s ) w ho ha d b e e n a ll o we d t o g o i n t o
K hu ras an a ft e r his d e fe a t a t K ab u l T he o t he r w a s A bd u r .
‘ ’
ra z z aq M i r z a w ho h a d s t a y e d o n in K hu ras an w he n I l e ft .
W i t h t he m c a m e a n d w a i t e d o n m e t he m o t he r o f J a han gi r
M i rza s s o n Pi r -i-m u h a m m a d a g ra n d s o n o f P a har M i rza 3
’
, .
( 6 . B e6 a v iou r f ) o f t 6 e A rg 6 42n c6 ie s .
W h e n we s e n t p e rs o n s a n d l e t t e rs t o S hah Be g a n d M u qi m ,
“
s a yi n g H e re we a re a t y o u r w o rd ; a s t ra ng e n fo e l ik e t he
,
2
Th y will h v g fi t t
e Q ai n t h e
a et o M hh d a d s e em likely
o ne rs o T i m or , nce as a , n
to h v j i d t h B gi m ft
a e o ne e ss - tt i g t o v id H i
e e a r c ro cu n a o er .
2
a
y g l w i la y t i - 6 a 6 l ad 2 6 2
g
’
a
g Th m y h v b e
a c m l ti
'
4 of 4 r 4 n. ere a a e e n an a cu u a on
c ar av t he i w y t
ans on H e at h e k d i Qa l at by
r w af t he A f b g c q st
o r , c c e n ne s o lz e on ue .
J ha gi s t h s b gh t by his m o t h w ill h v b e
3 a n r s
’
on, i f t ; hi f t h
u ro u er , a e e n an n an s a er
h d g
a b k l t ye wit h Bab by t h m t i
one ac as d d h d b l ft i k d
ar ur e o u n a n ro a an a een e , s c an
t v ll i g i
ra e l it t e with t he b gg ge wh Bab h i d t K ab l t t h
n n a r, ws a a en ur u rr e on o u a e ne
o f t h m t i y g i t him ( f 19 7 ) h m st h v d i d h t ly ft e w d
e u n a a ns m i g ly . e u a e e s or a r ar s, s ee n
b t w th d ep t
e ee n f th t w
e be l f m K ab l (f 2 0 16-2 0 2 ) d t h m h t
a r u re o e o re s ro u . an e a rc ou
for Q d ha D bt l ess hi wid w no w b o ght h hild t o c l im his l Bab u s
an a r . ou s o r u er c a unc e r
’
p t ti
ro e c on .
K AB U L
A fi z b e g ha s t a k e n K hu ras an ; c o m e ! le t u s s e t t l e in c o n ce rt ,
”
a n d a m ity w h a t will b e fo r t he g e n e ra l g o o d
,
t he y re t u rn e d ,
a ru e d a n d ill -m a n n e re d a n s w e r g o i n g b a c k fro m t he d u ti fu l ,
l e t t e rs t he y ha d w r itt e n a n d fro m t he i n vit a t i o n s th e y ha d g ive n .
O n e o f th e i r i n c iviliti e s w a s t ha t Sh ah Be g s t a m p e d his l e t t e r t o
m e in t he m iddl e o f it s re v e rs e wh e re b e g s se a l if w r i t i n g t o b e g s , ,
w he re i n d ee d a g re a t b e g s e a l s if w r iti n g t o o n e o f t he l o w e r
c i rc l e B u t fo r s u c h ill m a n n e rs a n d h is ru d e a n s w e rs his a ffa i r
-
2
.
,
wo u ld n e v e r ha v e g o n e s o fa r a s it d id fo r a s t he y s a y , , ,
A s t rife -s t irr in g w d wil l or a c c om pli h t he d o wn f l l o f

s a a n a n c ien t li ne .
By th e s e t he i r he a d s t ro n g a c t s t he y g a v e t o t he wi n d s ho u s e ,
fa m ily a n d t he ho a r d s o f 3 0 t o 4 0 y e a rs
fl
,
.
O n e d a y w h il e w e w e re n e a r S ha hr-i-s a fa a fa l s e a l a r m b e i n g 2
iv e n in t h e v e ry h e a r t o f t he c a m p t he wh o l e a r m y w a s m a d e
g ,
t o a r m a n d m ou n t A t t he ti m e I wa s o c c u pi e d with a b a th .
a n d p u r ifi c a ti o n ; t he b e g s w e re m u c h u r r ie d ; I m o u n t e d w he n
I w a s re a dy a s t he a l a rm w a s fa l s e it d i e d a w a y a ft e r a ti m e ,
.
M a rc h by m a rc h w e m o v e d o n t o G u z a r 3 T he re we t r i e d .
a g a i n t o d i s c u s s with t h e A r h ii n s b u t p a yi n n o a t t e n ti o n t o
g g ,
u s t h e y m a i n t a i n e d t he s a m e o b s ti n a t e a n d p e rv e rs e a ttit u d e
,
.
C e rt a i n w e l l -wi s he rs who k n e w t he l o c a l l a n d a n d w a t e r re p re ,
s e n t e d t o m e t ha t t he h e a d o f t he t o rre n t s ( r 42dlar ) w h i c h c o m e
,
d o w n t o Q a n d a har be i n g t o w a rd s B ab a H a s a n A bd al a n d ,
K ha lis ha k 4 a m o v e o u g h t t o b e m a d e in th a t d i re c ti o n in o rd e r
, ,
2
P e si s p a y g e t t t en t ion i t he ir c esp n d n c e n o t o ly t o t he styl e b t t
r an r a a n o rr o e n u o
t he k i d f p p n whic h
o le t t e is w itt t he pl c e o f ig t e t h pl e f t he
a er o n a r r en , a s na ur , e ac o
s e la , d t h s it t i n o f t he dd
an e Ch d i giv s s m e c io s i f m t i n
ua o a re s s . ar n e o ur u n or a on o
t h e s bj ec t ( E sk i e )
u Bab m k s t h e d ist in c t i
r n . f k he d w b t wee t he
ur ar on o ran re e n
A gh ii c hi f d him se l f w h e he c ll s t h i l e t t e t him -da l t h is t o t h m ‘

r n e s an n a e r r o ,
arg s z ,
e
6 6 tta H i c l im t s
. si t y ve t h
a hie fs is sh e w by H id
o u z e ra n Mi a t be o r o se c n a ar rz o
b d n his c essio t T m fi id he dship t h o gh t he d w f ll f t he Bai -q a

as e o a c n o i r a r u o n a o ar s,
wh h d be e t h e ck wl d g d o w e p d ia t in g B ab ur s
’
i o f t he A gh m s
'
o a n e a no e e su z ra n s r t n r u
c l im C f E sk in
’
a . [f i t my f I di i
. r
p 3e s s o n a , ca . .
2
t h m in
on d s m 4 0 m il s t f Q d ha
e a ro a , o e e ea s o an a r .
3 Ka
v a r. K w If t he w d m e
r or
fa d t h i
ar
s m i
.gh t w e ll b e t h e one c ross or an or ,
a
t he T k c yi g t h e d t o Q a (m ps ) H Bab s m s t h v l ft t h
a rn a a rr n ro a ar a . e re ur ee o a e e e
m i a n ro a d l g t he T k by whi h t h B it i h pp o c h w s m d e in 18 80 A D
a on a rna , c e r s a r a a a .
,
f or one c in g we t i t t he v ll y f t he A g d -ab
ro s s s n o a e o r an .
4 Baba H n A 6 al i t h Bab a W l i f m p T he sa m e sa i t h giv n hi

'
’
a sa a s e a o a s . n as e s
na m he e e d l t o hi
r , h i
an t o f A t k whe e h e is k o wn
a so s s Baba W l i f
r n e e as a r n as a o
Q an d h a aT h t r. t m e t i d e e i ig t i
o r re n sff -ta k es f m t h en A g d -ab
one ar rr a on o ro r an ,
whic h iv fl o ws b t w Baba W li d K h lish k Shah B g s fo ce w s s o uth

r er e e en a an a a . e
’
r a
o f t he t o t s ( c f M gha -
rre n ko h o S A W m p ) . ur n n . . . a .
K AB U L
and ea a W it ho u t l o o ki n g t o c o ll e c t t he m w e g a ll o p e d
t bl e s .
,
o ff .Ou r fo r c e m a y ha v e b e e n 2 0 0 0 in a ll b u t p e rha p s n o t ,
o v e r 10 00 w e re in t he b a t t l e b e c a u s e t h o s e m e n ti o n e d a s s c a t
t e r i n g u p a n d d o w n c o u ld n o t r e j o i n in t i m e t o fi g ht .
T ho u g h o u r m e n w e re fe w I ha d t he m o rg a n ize d a n d p o s t e d
o n a fi rs t -ra t e pl a n a n d m e t ho d ; I ha d n e ve r a rra y e d t he m
b e fo re by s u c h a g o o d o n e F o r m y i m m e di a t e c o m m a n d .
I h a d s e l e c t e d b r a v e s f r o m w ho s e h a n d s c o m e s
w o rk a n d h a d i n s c r ib e d t he m by t e n s a n d fi ft i e s e a c h t e n a n d
2
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e a c h fi ft y u n d e r a l e a d e r w ho k n e w t he p o s t in t he r i g h t o r l e ft
o f t he c e n t re fo r h is t e n o r h is fi fty k n e w t he w o r k o f e a c h in ,
t he b a ttl e a n d w a s t he re o n t he o b s e r v a n t w a t c h
, s o t h a t a ft e r ,
m o u n ti n g t he r i g ht a n d l e ft r i g h t a n d l e ft ha n d s r i g h t a n d
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t he m o r t he n e e d o f a t a w 42c6 i ?
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y mi dy a (
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as r d 1 r . an . a re a e e a4 n 4 an s4 4 r . an .
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id T y a ) Ag i i t he 6 6 2 t 26i t h is t he (T ) 6 2 ( i g ) t 6
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t g e t hey ca ll e si gl e t hi g 6 2i b t t h t is t t he 6 2 m e t he e
on u on n n a i ,
3 u a no 4 4
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an r
wh t is m e n t h a i c l e (y a9 i ) a e re s os n .
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T a g hai Y ara k T a g hai with his e ld e r a n d y o u n g e r b re t hre n

, ,
C h il m a Mug 6 42l A y ll b B e g M u h a m m a d B e g I b rahi m Be g

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b re t h r e n .
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2
t wh o
' ‘
a ac u a a so r o u an a n e o o r r s
ca rr ie d d e f m t h ge e l ( E k i ) T h e d iffi l t p ge f ll wi g giv s t h
or rs ro e n ra rs ne . cu a ssa o o n e e
T ki t m s Bab s l t e d t e p e t A bi m il it y
ur er
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ur e ec o r res n ra c ar o n es .
i d x Th w d 6 2
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r . a a zn a a r4 , o ann, n e e or 4 4 re r
t ext f 2 10
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9 13 A IL — MAY 13 T H 15 07 TO MA Y 2M) 15 08 A D .
33 5
T he dva n c e ( a i r aw a l ) wa s N as i r M i rz a S a yyid Q as i m L o rd
a ,
o f t he G a t e M u h ibb -i- a li t he a r m o u r e r P ap a A fi g hu li ( P ap a s
‘ ’
, ,
s o n P ) A ll a h,
-w a 1r a n T u r 6 m a n S h e r Q u l i M u
g 6 42 l t h e s c o,
u t
wi t h his e ld e r a n d y o u n g e r b re t hre n a n d M u h a m m a d A li ,
‘
.
In t he c e n t re (g 6 42l ) o n m y r i g ht ha n d w e re Q as i m K fi kfi ldas h
, , ,
K hu s ra u K fi kfi ld as h S l M u h a m m a d 0 44444444 S hah Ma h m ii d
, .
,
t he s e c re t a ry Q fi l i b ay a zi d t he t a s t e r a n d K a m a] t he s h e rb e t
- -
, ,
s e rv e r ; o n m y l e ft w e r e K hw aj a M u h a m m a d A li N as ir s D o s t
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, ,
N a s i r s M i r i
’
m B a b a S h e r -
,
z a d K h a n - q u l i W a l i t h e t re a s u r e r , , ,
q d t M q d b a re r ( s i2
Q fi t l fi q
- a a m t h e s c o u a s a t h e w a t e r - e , a n d
B ab a S ha ik h T ho s e in t he c e n t r e w e re a ll o f m y ho u s e ho ld
.
t h e r e w e r e n o g r e a t b e g s ; n o t o n e o f t h o s e e n u m e ra t e d h a d
“
re a c he d t he r a n k o f b e g T ho s e i n s c r ib e d in t h i s 6424 w e re 2
.
S he r Be g H at i m t he A r m o u ry -m a s t e r K ap u k Q u l i B ab a
, , , ,
b l h a s a n t he a r m o u r e r o f t he Mu g h t l ls A ar as ( R u s s i a n )
’
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A li a S yyid D a rw i s h ,
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a li S a yyid K h a s h -k i ld i C h il m a D o s t
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k i ld i C h il m a T ag /M6 4 D am ac hi M i n d i o f t he T u r k m an s
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,
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S hah N az i r a n d Si ii n d l l k
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T he e n e m y w a s in t w o d ivi s i o n s o n e u n d e r S hah S hu j a
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,
A rg 6 42n k n o w n a s S hah B e g a n d he r e a ft e r t o b e w r itt e n o f

,
s i m ply a s S hah B e g t he o t he r u n d e r his y o u n g e r b ro t he r

,
M u qi m .
S o m e e s ti m a t e d t he d a rk m a s s o f A rg han s 3 a t 6 o r 7 0 00
m e n ; n o q u e s t i o n w ha t e v e r b u t t ha t S hah B e g s o w n m e n in
’
m a il w e re 4 o r 5 00 0 H e fa c e d o u r r i g ht M u q i m wit h a fo r c e
.
,
s m a ll e r m a y -b e t ha n his b ro t he r s fa c e d o u r l e ft M u qi m m a d e ’
.
,
a m i g ht ily s t ro n g a t t a c k o n o u r l e ft t h a t is o n Q as i m B e g fro m ,
who m t w o o r t h re e p e rs o n s c a m e b e fo re fi g ht i n g b e g a n t o a s k ,
fo r re i n fo r c e m e n t w e ho w e v e r c o u ld n o t d e t a c h a m a n b e c a u se
in fro n t o f u s a l s o t he e n e m y w a s v e ry s t r o n g e m ade o u r . W
o n s e t w i t ho u t a n d e l a y ; t h e e n e m y f e ll s u dd e n ly o n o u r v a n
y ,
t u rn e d it b a c k a n d ra m m e d it o n o u r c e n t re W he n w e a ft e r .
,
a d i s c ha rg e o f a rro ws a dv a n c e d t he y w ho a l s o h a d b e e n , , ,
i e th e 6 i2i t i 6 z 4z i o f f 2 09 6 , t h e 6 6 42sa t 4264 n , c o se c ir c e

2
. .
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.
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l l .
2
As M g l
u ha s s e e m u n i e to b e l k ly
e sc e n a n ts o f u ha m m a , d
e r ha s t h e t it e d M d p p l
Sa i in so m e Mu g h fi l n a m e s h e re , m a y b e a t ra n s a t io n o f a Mug hfi l o n e m e an in
yy d l g
Chie f .
3 A r 6 42n -n i n
g g 9 a r 42s 4 , a fre q u e n t h ra s e
'
p .
K AB U L
s ho o ti n g fo r a t i m e s e e m e d l ik e ly t o m a k e a s t a n d ( t 426 6 t ag 6 42n
,
di6 ) S.o m e o ne
- s ho u ti n g t o his m e n c a m e fo r w a r d t o w a rd s
, ,
m e d i s m o u n t e d a n d w a s fo r a d j u s t i n g h is a rro w b u t he c o u ld d o
, ,
n o t h i n g b e c a u s e w e m o v e d o n wi t ho u t s t a y H e re m o u n t e d .
a n d ro d e o ff it m a y ha v e b e e n S hah B e g h i m s e l f D u r i n g t he .
fi g ht P i ri B e g T u r 6 m 42n a n d 4 o r 5 o f h is b re t hre n t u rn e d t he i r
fa c e s fro m t he fo e a n d t u rb a n in h a n d c a m e o v e r t o u s , ,
2
.
P i i B g ) T h is P i i B g w s T km a
’
(A t / te n z or s n o f th on r e . r e a o ne o
‘
o se ur ns
wh ca m [i t H i] w it h t he T k m a B g l d by A bd l -b aqi M i a
‘ ’
o e n o er d ur n e s e u rz an
M ad B eg ft Shah I sm a i l v q i h d t he Bay n d
ur , a erl t a s d se i d ‘
an u s e a a r su n an z e
th I aq c t ie ?
e
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r o un r s
Ou r r i g htfi rs t t o o v e rc o m e t he fo e ; it m a d e h im
w a s t he
hu rry o ff It s e xt re m e p o i n t ha d g o n e p r i c ki n g
.
3 as
fa r a s w he r e I ha v e n o w l a id o u t a g a rd e n O u r l e ft e xt e n d e d .
a s fa r a s t he g re a t t re e -t a n g l e d 4 i r r i g a ti o n -c ha n n e l s a g o o d w a y ,
b e l o w B ab a H a s a n A bd al M u qi m w a s O pp o s it e it it s n u m b e rs .
,
v e ry s m a ll c o m p a re d wit h h is G o d b ro u g h t it ri g ht B e t w e e n it .
a n d M u q i m w e re t h re e o r fo u r o f t he t re e -t a n g l e d w a t e r -c h a n n e l s
g o i n g o n t o Q a n d a h a r 5 it h e ld t h e c ro s s i n
g
-pl a c e a n d a ll o w e d
n o p a s s a g e ; s m a ll b o dy th o u g h it w a s it m a d e s pl e n d id s t a n d ,
6
a n d k e pt it s g ro u n d Ha lwac hi T a r k han s l a s he d a w a y in t he .
w a t e r with T i n g ri -bi rd i a n d Q a m b a r-i- a li Q a m b a r-i-a li w a s ‘

.
‘
w o u n d e d ; a n a r ro w s t u c k in Q as i m B e g s fo re he a d ; a n o t he r ’
s t ru c k G h fi ri B a r /42s a b o v e t he e y e b ro w a n d c a m e o u t a b o v e h is
c he e k ?
W
e m e a n ti m e a ft e r p u tti n
g o u r a dv e rs a r
,
y t o fli g ht h a d ,
c ro s s e d th o s e s a m e c h a n n e l s t o w a rd s t he n a z e o f M u r h an -ko h
g
( ) -o n e o n a
’
Bi d -h ill S m y 6 i b k
r s o e .
g r e t ip 42c 429 w a s g o n g a c
w a r d s a n d fo rw a rd s i rr e s o l u t e ly a l o n g t he hill -s ki rt w h il e w e ,
2
g
in s i n o f s u m is s io n b .
2
f 1 76 . It was in 9 0 8 A H [1 50 2
. .
3 T d
h is w o r s e e m s t o b e fro m s 42nj4n 429 , t o ric o r s t a ; a n d h e re t o h a e t he p k b v
l y
m i ita r s e n s e o f p r ic6 , v i z r i in fo rt h T h e S e co n . d g
e r s t rs ( 2 1 7 f 14 4 6 ) t ra n s a t e s. dP . . . l
it by g 6 a u t a 6 6 42r da r af t , w e n t t a st in a un e u n e r w a t e r ( 2 1 5 f 1 70 ; Muh g pl g d . .
’
S ai r az i s it h e d l . E rs in e ( . p . a s his e r s ia n so u r c e k p
ic t a t e s , m a e s . P d k
t he m en s in in t o t he s o ft k ro u n g
d e C o u r t e ille a r ie s m u c h ( ii, d v
4 A r d 6 6 m a il
.
, so t ra n s a t e u n e r t he n o wn l
re se n c e o f t re e s d d
it m a y a s o im p k p l ly
s o ft ro u ng ( La n e d 8 13 c o l p
) b u t so ft ro u n
. o es n o t s u it t he
. b u r o se o f a r 4 9 s g dd p p ’
l
( c ha n n e s ) , t he c a rr in o n o f w a t e r t o t he t o wny g .
5 T he S A W
m a p is u s e fu he re
. . l .
6
T
ha t h e ha d a fo o w in m a y b e in fe rre ll g d .
7
Ha i MS 9 424 6 a r ; Ilm insky, 268 ; and p
r u 6 6 s 42r o r r u 6 6 s 42r a b P
'
. . o th e rs f rs s . . .
( f 2 5 a n d n o t e t o 9 424 6 42r )
. .
K AB U L
j u s t d i s m o u n ti n g t he re w he n I a rr iv e d I g a v e him a fe w t h i n g s
I g Q
D -i-n as i r B e l i b y d h t t
fro m it p
. u t o s t u - - a a z i t e a s e r , a nd ,
o f p a y -m a s t e rs M u h a m m a d 6a 6 6 s 6 4 in c ha r g e o f it t he n p a s s e d
'
, ,
o n i n t o t he c it a d e l a n d p o s t e d K hw aja M u h a m m a d A li S hah
‘
,
M a h m ad a n d o f t he p a y —m a s t e rs T a g hai S hah 6a 6 6 s 6 4 in
'
, ,
’
c h a r e o f S h ah B e g s t r e a su ry
g .
M m d M q d h h b t -s e r v e r w e re s e n t t o
’
Na s i r s i ri a n a s a t e s e r e
k e e p t he h o u s e o Z n fi n s D i w an Mi r J an fo r N as i r M i rz a ;
’ ’
f a n -
,
'
‘
fo r M i rz a K han w a s k e pt S ha ik h A b a-s a i d T a r 6 6 an i s ; fo r
’
A bd u r ra z z aq M i rz a
‘ ’ ’ 2
- s .
F0] . 2 12 . S u c h m a s s e s o f w h i t e m o n e y ha d n e v e r b e e n s e e n in t ho s e
cou n t r i e s n o - o n e i n d e e d w a s t o b e h e a r d o f w ho h a d s e e n s o
m u ch . T h a t n i g ht w he n w e o u rs e lve s s t a y e d in t he c it a d e l
, ,
S hah B e g s s l a v e S a m b ha l w a s c a p t u re d a n d b ro u g h t in
’
.
T ho u g h he w a s t he n S hah B e g s i n ti m a t e h e ha d n o t y e t ’
re c e iv e d h is l a t e r fa v o u r I ha d him g iv e n i n t o s o m e -o n e s
? ’
c ha r e b u t a s
g g o o d w a tc h wa s n o t k e p t h e w a s a ll o w e d t o ,
e sca pe N e xt d ay I w e n t b a c k t o m y c a m p in F a rru kh -z ad
.
B e g s C har-b ag h
’
.
I g a ve t he Q a n d a h ar c o u n t ry t o N as i r M i rz a A ft e r t he .
t re a s u re ha d b e e n g o t i n t o o r d e r l o a d e d u p a n d s t a rt e d o ff he , ,
t o o k t he l o a d s o f w h it e t a n 6 a s o ff a s t r i n g o f c a m e l s ( i e 7 b e a s t s ) . .
a t t he c i t a d e l -t re a s u ry a n d k e pt t he m ,
I d id n o t d e m a n d t he m .
b a c k I j u s t g a v e t he m t o h im .
O n l e a vi n g Q a n d a h ar w e d i s m o u n t e d in t he Q as h k han a ,
-
m eado w A ft e r s e t t i n g t he a r m y fo rw a r d I ha d g o n e fo r a n
.
,
e x c u rs i o n s o I o t i n t o c a m p a t h e r l at e I t w a s a n o t he r c a m p !
g , r .
n o t t o b e re c o n iz e d
g E x c e ll e n t t i
p 42c 6 429 s s t r i n g s a n d s t r i n g s ,
o f he -c a m e l s s he -c a m e l s a n d m u l e s b e a r i n a ddl e -b a g s (6 6 u r
, , g s ,
e i n ) o f s ilk e n s t u ffs a n d c l o t h t e n t s o f s c a r l e t ( c l o t h) a n d
,
—
v e lve t a ll s o rt s o f a w n i n g s e ve ry ki n d o f w o rk -s ho p a s s -l o a d
, , ,
a ft e r a s s -l o a d o f c he s t s ! T he g o o d s o f t he e ld e r a n d y o u n g e r
( A rg him ) b re t hre n ha d b e e n k e pt in s e p a r a t e t re a s u r i e s o u t o f
‘
e a c h h a d c o m e c h e s t u p o n c he s t b a l e u p o n b a l e o f s t u ffs a n d ,
2
N o MS gv
i e s t he m iss in n a m e
. g .
2
l v ’
d
T he a t e r fa o u r m e n t io n e wa s du e t o Sa m b ha l s a o r io u s re e a s e o f his m as t e r lb l
p v
fro m A fiz b e g c a t i i ty in 9 1 7 A H ( 1 5 1 1 AD
) o f whic h E rs in e q u o t es a fu a c c o u n t
. . k ll
fro m t he T ar 4 6 6 -i -s in d ( H is t o r o f n ia i,
’
y I d
9 13 A H .
— MAY 13 T H 15 07 TO MA Y 2N D 15 08 A D .
e t a n 6 as
l t he s -in -we a r (a r t m a9 ) f
'
k p k hit
'
c o u o a r t m a9
n s a c o w ,
sac .
In a 42 g
t 42 6 a n d c6 42d a r ( l a tti c e -t e n t a n d p o l e -t e n t
) w a s m u c h
s p o il fo r e v e ry m a n s o e v e r ; m a n y s he e p a l s o h a d b e e n t a k e n
b u t s he e p w e re l e s s c a re d a b o u t
I m a d e o ve r t o Q as i m Be g Mu qi m s re t a i n e rs in Q a l at u n d e r ’
,
2 12 6
.
Q j g
ij A r 6 42n a n d T aj u d di n
- M ahm fi d
’
w i t h t h e i r go o d s a n d ,
e ffe c t s Q as i m B e g w a s a k n o w i n g p e rs o n ; he s a w it u n a d
.
vi s a bl e fo r u s t o s t a y l o n g n e a r Q a n d a h ar s o by t a lki n g a n d , ,
t a lki n g w o rryi n g a n d w o rryi n g he g o t u s t o m a rc h o ff A s h a s

, ,
.
b e e n s a id I h a d b e s t o w e d Q a n d a har o n N as i r M i rz a ; he w a s
,
g iv e n l e a v e t o g o t he re w e s t a rt e d fo r K ab u l .
T he re h a d b e e n n o c ha n c e o f p o rt i o n i n g o u t t he s p o il s w h il e
w e w e re n e a r Q a n d a h ar ; it w a s d o n e a t Q a ra-b ag h w he re w e
d e l a y e d t w o o r t hre e d a y s T o c o u n t t he c o i n s b e i n g d i ffi c u l t
.
,
t he y w e re a pp o r t i o n e d by w e i g h i n g t he m in s c a l e s B e g s o f a ll .
r a n k s r e t a i n e r s a n d ho u s e ho ld ( t 426i n ) l o a d e d u p a s s -l o a d a ft e r
,
a s s -l o a d o f s a c k s fu ll o f w h i t e t a n 6 a s a n d t o o k t he m a w a y fo r ,
t he i r o w n s u b s i s t e n c e a n d t he p a y o f t he i r s o ldi e rs
W
.
e w e n t b a c k t o K ab u l w i t h m a s s e s o f g o o d s a n d t re a s u re ,
g re a t h o n o u r a n d re pu t a t i o n .
( 0 . 8 42644 4 4 m a r r iag e w it 6 wa s am a
Y
‘
—s u l t an .
)
t o K ab u l I c o n c l u d e d a ll i a n c e ( a 9 d 9 i l di n4 )
A ft e r t h i s
t ‘
re u rn
w i t h S l A h m a d M i rz a s d a u g ht e r Ma s ii m a -s u l t an B e g i m w ho m
’ ‘
.
I ha d a s k e d in m a rr i a g e a t K hu ras an a n d h a d h a d b r o u gh t ,
fro m t he re .
fl
(p S 6 a i6429 K 6 42n 6ef or e Qa n da 6 a r )
'
. .
d a y s l a t e r a s e rv a n t o f N as i r M i rz a b ro u g ht t he n e w s
A fe w
t ha t S h a ib aq K han ha d c o m e a n d l a id s i e g e t o Q a n d a har .
T h a t M u qi m ha d e d t o Z a m i n —d aw a r ha s b e e n s a id a l re a dy ;
fro m t he re he w e n t o n a n d s a w S h a ib aq K h an F ro m S hah .
B e g a l s o o n e p e rs o n a ft e r a n o t he r h a d g o n e t o S ha ib aq K han .
A t t he i n s t i g a t i o n a n d p e t i t i o n o f t he s e t w o t he K han c a m e ,
s w i ft ly d o w n o n Q a n d a h ar by t he m o u n t a i n r o a d t h i n ki n g t o
2
,
fi n d m e t he re T h i s w a s t he v e ry t h i n g t ha t e xp e ri e n c e d p e rs o n
.
2
P res u m a bly h e we n t by S b a z ar , D l t abad
au a , an d W a shi r .
K AB U L
Q as i m B e g ha d in h is m i n d w he n he w o rr i e d us i n to m a rc h i n g
o ff fr o m n e ar Q a n d a har .
( P e si ) W h t m i
r an h e w s t o t he yo gm
a a r ro r s un an ,
A b k d b ic k sh e ws t o t h e o ld e a e r on
S ha ib aq K han a rr ivi n g b e s i e ge d N as i r M i rz a in Q a n d a har

, .
(9 . A l a r m i n K a6u l .
)
W he n t hi s
ws c a m e t he b e g s w e re s u m m o n e d fo r c o u n s e l
ne , .
T he m a t t e rs fo r d i s c u s s i o n w e re t he s e z S t ra n g e rs a n d a n c i e n t —
fo e s s u c h a s a re S ha ib aq K h an a n d t he A fi z b e g s a re in p o s s e s
, ,
s i o n o f a ll t he c o u n t r i e s o n c e h e ld by T i m ar B e g s d e s c e n d a n t s
’
e v e n w h e re T u r k s a n d C ha g ha t ai s s u r viv e in c o r n e rs a n d 2
b o rd e r-l a n d s t he v ha v e a ll j o i n e d t he A fi z b e g w ill i n g ly o r wi t h
, ,
a v e rs i o n o n e re m a i n s I m y s e l f in K ab u l t he fo e m i g ht ily , , ,
s t ro n g I v e ry w e a k w i t h n o m e a n s o f m a ki n g t e r m s n o s t re n g t h
, , ,
t o O pp o s e ; t ha t in t he p re s e n c e o f s u c h p o w e r a n d p o t e n c y w e
, ,
h a d t o t h i n k o f s o m e pl a c e fo r o u r se lv e s a n d a t t h i s c r i s i s a n d ,
in t he c ra c k o f tim e t he re w a s t o p u t a wid e r s p a c e b e t we e n u s ,
a n d t he s t ro n g fo e m a n ; t ha t c ho i c e la y b e tw e e n B a d a k hs han
a n d H in d fi s t an a n d t h a t d e c i s i o n m u s t n o w b e m a d e .
Q as i m B e g a n d S he ri m T a g hai w e re a g re e d fo r B a d a k hs han
(A t 6 B d 6 6 6 2 ) Th h ldi g t h i h d p in
’
t u or s no e on a a s 4 u . o se o n e r ea s u
B d kh ha t t his c i is w
a a s f B d khshi
n a M ba k Shah d Z b i r s e re , o a a s, u ra an u a r,
J ha gi r T 6 2
a n d M h mm d th ur mo 4n 4 n They h d d iven N a i
an u a a e ar u re r . a r s r
M i a o ut b t h d t j i d t he A a b g
rz u a no o ne z e .
I and se v e ra l ho u s e ho ld -b e g s p re fe rre d o n i t o w a rd s H in d ii s t an
g g
a nd w e re fo r m a ki n g t t t o L a m g han
?
a s ar
r . Mov em en t s of s om e Mi rz as ) .
A ft e r
t a ki n g Q an d a har I ha d b e s t o w e d Q a l at a n d t he T u rn ak ,
( T k ) y bd -r a z z aq M i r z a a n d ha d l e ft h im in
‘
A
’
a r n a c o u n t r o n u r
Q a l at b u t wi t h t he A fi z b e g b e s i e g i n g Q a n d a har he c o u ld n o t
, ,
s t a y in Q a l at s o l e ft it a n d c a m e t o K ab u l
, H e a rr ivi n g j u s t .
a s w e w e re m a r c h i n o t w t h l ft i h e 3
g u a s e r e e n c a r g ,
.
T he re b e i n g in B a d a k hs han n o r u l e r o r ru l e r s s o n M i rz a K han ’
i n c li n e d t o g o in t ha t d i re c ti o n b o t h b e c a u se o f h is r e l a t i o n s hip ,
f 202 a nd n ote t o C 6 ag /4a t 424

'
2
. .
2
T hi s ll
w i b e fo r t he N i n g n a har t 424n an o f L a m gh an .
3 He was t hu s a n e ro u s d g
ra ise
’
in h is fa t he r s ace ly d pl o f ru e l .
K AB U L
W di e sm ou n e t d o ve r aga n s i t t he A di n a p Gr-fo r t in t he N in g
n a h ar t 42m 42n .
(t . A r a id f or w i n t er s t or es .
)
U p t ill t he n w e ha d t a k e n n o t ho u g h t w he re t o c a m p wh e re ,
t o g o w he re t o s t a y ; w e h a d j u s t m a r c he d u p a n d d o w n
, ,
c a m pi n g i n fre s h pl a c e s w h il e w a iti n g fo r n e w s I t wa s l a t e 2
.
,
in t he a u t u m n ; m o s t l o w l a n d e rs h a d c a r r i e d in t he i r r i c e .
P e o pl e k n o w i n g t he l o c a l l a n d a n d w a t e r re p re s e n t e d t h a t
t he Mi l K afi r s u p t he w a t e r o f t he A l i s h a n g t am an g ro w g re a t
'
‘
q u a n ti t i e s o f r i c e s o t ha t w e m i g ht b e a bl e t o c o ll e c t wi n t e r
,
s u ppl i e s fr o m t he m fo r t he a r m y A c c o r d i n g ly w e ro d e o u t o f
fl
.
t he N i n g n a har d a l e (ju lg a ) c ro s s e d ( t h e B aran -w a t e r) a t S ai ,
ka l a n d w e n t s w i ft ly a s fa r a s t he P ar-a m i n ( e a s e fu l ) v a ll e y
, .
T he re t he s o ld i e rs t o o k a m a s s o f r i c e T he r i c e -fi e ld s w e re a ll .
a t t he b o t t o m o f t h e h ill s T h e p e o pl e e d b u t s o m e K afi rs .
w e n t t o t he i r d e a t h A fe w o f o u r b ra v e s h a d b e e n s e n t t o .
a l o o k -o u t ( s a r o n a n a z e o f t h e P ar-a n i m v a ll e y ; w he n
t he y w e re re t u rn i n g t o u s t he K afi rs r u s he d fro m t he h ill a b o ve , ,
s o ti n g T he y o v e rt o o k Q s i m B e g s s n la w
’
h o at t he m a o —in -
.
P aran c ho pp e d a t h im w i t h a n a x e a n d w e re j u s t t a ki n g him
, ,
w he n s o m e o f t he b ra v e s w e n t b a c k b ro u g ht s t re n g t h t o b e a r , ,
d r o v e t he m o ff a n d g o t P ii ran a w a y A ft e r o n e n i g ht s p e n t in .
t he K afi rs r i c e -fi e lds w e re t u rn e d t o c a m p wi t h a m a s s o f p ro
’
vi s i o n s c o ll e c t e d .
( 44 . Ma r r iag e of Ma 9 i m s ’
da ug 6 t er .
)
W hil e w e w e re n ear M a n d raw a r in t ho s e d a y s a n a lli a n c e ,
was l d e d be t w e e n
conc u Mu qi m s d a u g ht e r M ali -c huc huk n o w
’
m a rr i e d t o S h ah H a s a n A rg 6 42n a n d Q i
as m K fi k ld h 3
‘
t,
l as .
Thi w ill h v b
2
w b t h f Sh ib aq K ha
s d f M i a Kh a
a e Th P r
e en n e s o o a n an o rz n . e e s .
trs s v y h ( 2 15 f 1 7 3 d 2 1 7 f
. ar e re . an .
I dx n e s n
. .
Mah h h k
3 h dly h v b c muc i d g i t h
u w ill t Q a im H
ca n ar a e een a rr e a a ns er o s . er
m th o g d d t h ll i
er re f m ily i d ig it y
ar e pp l d t S hah B g d m
e a an ce as a a n n a ea e o e an co
p d a ss e f m K ab l w h il Bab
a r e sc u e d Q a im w roth f th Ox [ u e ur an s e re n o r o e us c i r ca
9 16 A H Mah h h k q it t d K ab l ft m h h it t i d p t ly t
. c uc l tu u e u a er uc es a on , ue ar o re u c a n c e
to l v h h b d d h i f t f 18 m t h [N ahi d B gi m ] p t ly t d d
ea e er us an an er n an o on s, e , ar o r ea
l f m ily h m igh t d t h ( E k i H i t om 34 8 d G l b d ’
q i h
’
es s a onour re u re er ea rs ne s s f 1, an u a an s
,
H u m ay il n 4442444 a ) .
9 13 A H .
— MAY I ST H 15 07 TO MA Y 2N D 15 08 A D .
( v . A 6a n don m en t o f t6 e H in d42s t 42n p r o ect j .

)
it w a s n o t fo u n d d e s i r a bl e t o g o o n i n t o H in dii s t an I s e n t
As ,
M u ll a B ab a o f Pa s hag ha r b a c k t o K ab u l wi t h a fe w b ra ve s .
M e a n ti m e I m a r c he d fro m n e a r M a n d raw a r t o A t a r a n d S hi w a
a n d la y t he re fo r a fe w d a y s F r o m A t a r I vi s i t e d K ii n ar a n d .
N ar -g a l ; fro m K li n ar I w e n t b a c k t o c a m p o n a r a ft ; it w a s
‘
t he fi rs t t i m e I h a d s a t o n o n e ; it pl e a s e d m e m u c h a n d t he ,
r a ft c a m e i n t o c o m m o n u se t he r e a ft e r .
(w . S 6 a i6429 K 6 42n f r et i r es r om Qa n da 6 42r ) .
In t ho s e s a m e d a y s M u ll a B ab a o f P a r k a t c a m e fro m N as i r
M i rz a wi t h n e w s in d e t a il t ha t S ha ib aq K han a ft e r t a ki n g t he ,
o u t e r -fo r t o f Q a n d a h ar h a d n o t be e n a bl e t o t a k e t he c i t a d e l ,
b u t h a d re t i re d ; a l s o t h a t t he M i r z a o n v a r i o u s a c c o u n t s ha d , ,
l e ft Q a n d a har a n d g o n e t o G ha z n i .
S h a ib aq K han s a r r iv a l b e fo re Q a n d a har wi t h i n a fe w d a y s
’
o f o u r o w n d e p a rt u re h a d t a k e n t he g a rr i s o n by s u r p r i s e a n d , ,
t he y ha d n o t be e n a bl e t o m a k e fa s t t he o u t e r -fo r t H e r a n .
m i n e s s e ve ra l t i m e s ro u n d a b o u t t he c i t a d e l a n d m a d e s e v e ra l
a ssa u l t s T he pl a c e w a s a b o u t t o b e l o s t
. A t t ha t a n xi o u s .
ti m e K hw aj a Mu h A m i n K hw aj a D o s t K haw a n d Mu h A li .
, , .
‘
,
a fo o t -s o ldi e r a n d S ham i ( Sy r i a n P) le t t h e m s e lv e s d o w n fr o m t he
,
w a ll s a n d g o t a w a y J u s t a s t ho s e in t he c i t a d e l w e re a b o u t t o
.
s u rr e n d e r in d e s p a i r S h a ib aq K h an i n t e r p o s e d w o r d s o f p e a c e
W
,
a n d u p ro s e fr o m b e fo r e t he pl a c e hy he ro se w a s t h i s .
It a pp e a rs t h a t b e fo re h e w e n t t he re he ha d s e n t h is 6 a r a m t o ,
N i ra h t a a n d t h a t in N
- 2
h - m e o n e l i ft e d u p h is h e a d a n d
-
‘
,
i r a t i l s o
o t c o m m a n d in t he fo r t ; t h e K h an t h e re fo re m a d e a s o r t o f
g
p e a c e a n d re ti re d fro m Q a n d a har .
( x . B a6u r r et u r n s to K 426u l .
)
M id -w i n t e r t ho u g h it w a s w e w e n t b a c k t o K ab u l by t he
B ad p i c h r o a d
- i - I o r d e r e d t he d a t e o f t h a t t r a n s i t a n d t h a t
.
c ro s s i n g o f t he p a s s t o b e c u t o n a s t o n e a b o v e B ad -i-p i c h
2
H afi z M i ra k w ro t e t he i n s c r ip t i o n U s t ad S hah M u h a m m a d d id ,
t he c u t t i n g n o t w e ll t ho u g h t h ro u g h h a s t e
, , .
E ki
2
giv t h e f t t h e l t t iv m K li
rs ne es l tes it i th Badghi s
or a e rna e na e a
’
li n o ca n e
d tit f H i d q t s f m A b fi l gha i i d c ib i g it st g p it i ’
is r c t ea s o er an uo e ro - z n
, es r n s ro n os on
( H i t y i s or H S T ,
h -t . . i ra
'
ll .
t h t t h i c ipt i
’
f 13 3
2
d
. t Ab fi l -f 4l m
an t io no e . w s t b e se e i his t ima en ns a e ns r on a o n n e .
K AB U L
I b e s t o w e d G h a z n i o n N as i r M i rz a a n d g a v e A bd u r-ra zz aq ‘ ’
M i rza t he N i n g n a har 4424n 42n wit h M a n d raw a r N (I r-v a ll e y K an ar , ,
a nd N ar-g a l 2
.
(y . B a6u r s ty l es 6 im s elf
Upt ha t d a t e p e o pl e ha d s tyl e d T i m i l r B e g s d e s c e n d a n t s ’
‘
to
Mi rz a e ve n w he n t he y w e re ru li n g ; n o w I o rd e re d t ha t p e o pl e
,
s ho u ld s t yl e m e P ads 6 42 6 ?
( fi )
’
a . B ir t 6 f
o B a6u r s r s t s on .
A t t he e n d o f t h i s y e a r o n T u e s d a y t he 4 t h d ay o f t he m o n th ,
fi l q a d a ( M a rc h 6 t h 1 5 0 6 t he S u n b e i n g in P i s c e s
‘
of Z
’
-
( H a t ) H u m,
a y fi n w a s b o r n i n t he c it a d e l o f K a b u l T he d a t e .
o f h is bi r t h w a s fo u n d by t he p o e t M a u l an a Ma s n a di in t he
w o rd s S u ltan H u m ay 42n K 6 c2n 3 a n d a m i n o r p o e t o f K ab u l ,
a dr ( S h ah o f vi c t o r i o u s m i ht
d S 6 6 i g ) A fe w
-
fo u n it in 42 -
f 2 r 422 -
9 .
d a y s l a t e r he re c e iv e d t he n a m e H u m ay fi n ; w he n he w a s fi v e
o r s ix d ay s o ld I w e n t o u t t o t he C har-b ag h w he re w a s ha d
,
t h e fe a s t o f h is n a tivity A ll t he b e g s s m a ll a n d g re a t b ro u g ht .
, ,
i ft s s u c h a m a s s o f w h it e t a n 6 a s w a s h e a p e d u p a s ha d n e v e r
g
b e e n s e e n be fo re I t w a s a fi rs t -ra t e fe a s t .
Thi fi f k i v l
2
s e x t t t h Kab l t 2 2
ran s n a ue n e o e u 4 4444 n .
V i
2
gl i g gg t m t iv f Bab
a r ou s ea n n s ti su f p e m y t t hi
es o es or ur s
’
a ss e r on o su r ac a s
p t i l t im
ar cu a r H w th e ly T m fi id l
. e dm asf hi v m t h fil l d
e on i r r u er a n an o ac e e en e e
H i B ai -9
u sa n 2 pl f T m i id h d h ip ; hi
ar4 s
’
ti
ace s th gh l g pe i d
o i lr ea s s ac on ro u a on r o
im d t fi ll i g T m a Beg t d m it hi
’
s h w th t h
o a e a e Th aw th wh d idn i r s . .
e re ere o se o no a s
i ty — T m i id wh h d
s u z e ra n , i b ll d M ghal wh h d h lpe d t h m d wh
lr s o a re e e , u s o a e e , an o
w ld l h v h lp d S i d K ha C 6 g 6 t 2 if h h d dt b t h
‘
f
‘
ou a so a e e e t a n a a 4 4, e a no re u se o e re a c e r o us
to a b f ct ; t h w
en e a l t h A gha Chi gi -kha id f high p t e si
or e re e re a so e r n s, n z n s o re n o ns .
I n o ld t im t h M ghfi l K haq a
es w e p ad 6 26 ( p m ) ; P ad hah i
u dd ns e re s 4 su re e s s r e cor e
i hi t y
n s or th t yl f t l
as t s at aq -
e s bagh Kha Pad hah G ha i ;
e o a T i m i id
e as ra n s z no lr
h d b
a l ift d by hi t yl b v ll M i a Wh h w v T im ti id h d t h
e en e s s e a o e a rz s . en o e er r s a e
pp h d Bab T i m fi id g df t h A b a- id t d hi d f p m y
’ ‘
u er an , ur s r t ran a er sa a ss e r e s e ac o s u re ac
v Bab C h g h t ai g df th Ya ( T R p B ab
’
o er ur s a a F ra n t - t th t
a er n as . . . or ur o r e a sse r a
p m y by m i g t h K haq a tyl h igh ly o pp t

’
su re ac a ss u w n e t t hi m m t n s s e as or une a s o en .
T b Bab
o e S p m w ur t d l u v -l d hip b v C h gh t ai d M ghi l
re e as o e c a re o er or s a o e a a an u l , as
w ll v ll M i a It w d ky h d l ed ; M i a K ha ’
e as o er a wh hi rz s . as one en s s a c ea r rz n s
re be ll i w c t h d ; t h A gh m w d f t d h w t h t g f t h i
on as s o c e e r
‘
i s ere e ea e e as e s ro n er or e r
l tp
os i hi A i b g f
o ss ess o n s h d m v d t s l mi lz di t c
e d K ab l
oe a re o e o a ess o nous s an e an u
wa s m o re h is o w n
once .
bd
G u l - a a n wr it es a s if t h e irt h o f his fi rst - o rn s o n H u m ay i m w e re a a rt o f t he b b p
u plift in h e r fa t he r s s t e , b u t his n a rra t i e
’
yl
o es n o t s u p o rt h e r in t h is , s in c e t h e v d p
d
o r e r o f e e n t s fo r i s v bd .
3 T he han
”
K ’
in H u m ayl m s t it e m ay b e ra wn fro m his m o t he r s fa m i , s in c e
’ ‘
l d ly
d
it o e s n o t c o m e fr o m B a u r T o wh o s e fa m i ahi m e on e b
w e ha e n o t e e n
. ly M bl gd v b
a ble to d
is c o e r v
It is o n e o f t h e r e m a r a e o m is sio n s o f Ba u r, G u l - a a n a n d
. k bl b bd
’
- l
Ab il l fa z t ha t t h e d o n o t
’
y
i e he r fa t he r s n a m e gv
T he t o ic o f h e r fa m i is . p ly
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isc us s e in m y Bio ra hica A en i - g p
t o G u l b a da n s H u m ay 42n -
’
l pp d x
n 42m a a n d w i be ll
k
t a en u p a a in , h e r e , in a gna A en i
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o n Bab u r s fa m i fi l pp d x ly .
K AB U L
E a rli e r o n M u h ibb -i-a li t he a r m o u re r ha d t o ld Kh a l i fa a n d

‘
M u ll a B ab a o n c e o r t w i c e o f t he i r a s s e m bl i e s a n d b o t h ha d ,
iv e n m e a h i n t b u t t he t h i n g s e e m i n g i n c re d ibl e it h a d h a d n o
g , ,
a tt e n ti o n O n e n i g h t t o w a r d s t he
. B,
e d - ti m e P ra y e r w he n I wa s ,
itti i h A di -h l l f h C h a -b a h M i i s a K hw aj a
‘
s n g n t e u e n c e a o t e r g , ,
c o m i n g s wi ft ly u p wit h a n o t he r m a n s a id in m y e a r T he “
W
, ,
M u g h al s a re re a lly re b e lli n g ! e do n o t k n o w fo r c e rt a i n
w he t he r t he y ha v e g o t A bd u r -ra z z aq M t o jo in t he m T he y ‘ ’
. .
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h a v e n o t s e t tl e d t o r i s e t o - n i g ht I fe i g n e d d i s re g a rd a n d a
.
l i t tl e l a t e r w e n t t o wa rd s t he [z a m m s w h i c h a t t he t i m e w e re in
I
t he Y fi r fi n c h q g
a - a r d e n a n d t h e B a g h -i- k h ilw a t b u t a ft e r p a e
g , ,
se rvit o r a n d m e s s e n g e r h a d t u rn e d b a c k o n g e tti n g
ne a r t he m I w e n
,
t wit h t h e c h i e f -s l a v e t o w a r d s t he t o w n a nd ,
o n a l o n g t he d it c h I ha d g o n e a s fa r a s t he I ro n —g a t e whe n
.
K hw aj a Mu h A li m e t m e he c o m i n g by t he Ma i r r o a d fro m
.
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,
t he o pp o s i t e d i re c ti o n H e j o ine d m e . o f t he p o rc h
o f t he H o t -b a t h ( fi a m m d m ) 3
if t h e A fi z b eg a t ta c k d it y
fo r it s s a fe t a n d h is o wn h e m a y ha e r e ie , a n d Ba u r
e v l d b
l
a s o in a pp
o in t in g p fl
him , u o n in u e n c e h is A rg hii n c o n n e c t io n s c o u
'
u se F o r t h e se , ld .
o n e wa s M u q im h is b
r o t h e r in la w , h a d a c c e t e
- - ’
p d
Sha ib an i s s uz e ra in t a ft e r e in y b g
d e fe a t e d in Q d b
an a h ar d
Ba u r by b
It su it e t h e m e t t e r n o o u t t o ha e t he o u n e r
. d b v y g
M b K b l
i rz a r a t h e r t h a n B a u r in l a u t he a tt e r s r e t u rn t hit h e r w i h a e isa
’
o in t e ll v d pp d
t he m a n d t he M y ll dl
i rz a t h e , a s w i b e in s t an c e a t e r, s t o o re a t o in a e his a n s d dy vd l d
vd
wh e n h e m o e E as t y l k ly v p
t he se e m i e t o ha e ro m o t e t h e rese n t Mu ghi i l u ris in d p p g ’
b l d M
In t h e a t t e whic h p u t t h is o wn , t h e ir z a w a s c a t u r e B a u r a r o n e h im p d b p d d
v g b ll d g d
b u t h e h a in r e e e a a in , wa s t h e n p u t t o ea t h .
I
g vl
B a h -i-yfi r fi n c hq a m a y b e a n e q u i a en t o f Ba h -i-sa fa r , a n d t h e g
a ce b e o n e pl
o f wa it in g up t o j y
( fi n cfi gd ) t h e o u rn e (y a r ) Yfi r fi n c/z qd a s o m e a n s c lov er
. l
( D e C o ur t e ille ) .
2
v b b
H e se e m s t o ha e e e n a ro t he r o r u n c e o f H u m ayfi n s m o t he r
’
l ahi m ( n e M I dx
A N t rs i, 4 9 2 a n d n o t e )
. . . .
3 In a ll MS S t h e t x b k b p ly
h e r e , a s it o es o n f 1 1 8 6 a s t ho u h d g
e t
. r e a s o ff a r u t .
g l pg
t h r o u h o ss o f a e s , a n d a an bl k
o f n a rra t i e fo o ws v ll
B e fo re t h e a t e r ga p o f f 2 5 1 6
. l .
v l
h o we e r t he a st s en t en c e is c o m e t e pl .
TRAN SL AT O R S N OTE ’
O N 9 14 TO 9 25 A H .
— 15 08 T o 15 19 A D .
F ro m s e ve ra l re fe re n c e s m a d e in t he B aba r -a am a a n d fro m
a p a s s a g e in G u l b a d a n s H u m a
-
y zZn - am
t h a t B ab u r w a s c o m p o s i n g t he a n n a l s o f 9 14 A H
a (
’
f I it is i n fe rr ibl e
not lo ng
fl .
b e fo re his l a s t ill n e s s a n d de a t h .
I
B e fo re t he di a ry o f 9 2 5 A H ( 1 5 19 A D ) t a k e s u p t he b ro k e n . .
t hre a d o f h is a u t o bi o g ra p hy t he re is a la cu n a o f n a rra t ive ,
e xt e n d i n g o ve r n e a r ly e l e ve n y e a rs T he b r e a k w a s n o t .
i n t e n d e d s e v e ra l re fe re n c e s in t he B aoa r n am a s he w i n g
,
B ab u r s p u r p o se t o d e s c r ib e e ve n t s o f t he u n c h ro n i c l e d y e a rs
’ 2
.
Mr E rs k i n e in t he L e yd e n a n d E rs ki n e Mem oir s c a rr i e d
.
, ,
B ab u r s bi o g ra p hy t h ro u g h t he m aj o r la cu n a b u t w i t ho u t fi rs t
’
ha n d he lp fro m t he b e s t s o u r c e s t he H a bi ou s -s zj a r a n d T ar i kli
’
/
,
i H e h a d n o t t he he lp o f t he fi rs t e v e n in h is H is t ory
of I n d i a
. M d e C o u rt e ille w o r ki n g a s a t r a n s l a t o r o n ly m a d e
.
,
n o a t t e m pt t o fill t he g a p s .
B ab u r s bi o g ra p hy h a s y e t t o b e c o m pl e t e d ; m u c h t i m e is
’
d e m a n d e d by t he t a s k n o t o n ly in o r d e r t o e x ha u s t k n o w n
,
s o u rc e s a n d s e e k o t h e r s fu r t he r a fi e ld b u t t o w e i g h a n d b a l a n c e ,
t he c o n t ra di c t o ry st at e m e n t s of w r i t e rs d e e p -s u n d e re d in
s y m p a t hy a n d o u t l o o k T o s t r ik e s u c h a b a l a n c e is e s s e n ti a l
.
w he n d e a li n g w i t h t he e v e n t s o f 9 14 t o 9 2 0 A H b e c a u se in t ho s e .
y e a rs B ab u r ha d p a r t in a n e m bitt e re d c o n fli c t be t w e e n S u n n i
and S hi a W ha t I o ffe r be l o w a s a s t o p -g a p is a m e re
‘
.
, ,
s u m m a ry o f e v e n t s m a i n ly b a s e d o n m a t e ri a l n o t u s e d by
,
Mr E rs ki n e w it h a fe w c o m m e n t s p ro m p t e d by a c q u a i n t a n c e
.
,
w i t h B ab u ria n a .
US E F UL S O UR GE S
C o m p a re d w i t h w ha t B ab u r c o u ld ha ve t o ld o f t h i s m o st
i n t e re s t i n g p e r i o d o f h is l i fe t he yi e ld o f t he s o u rc e s is
, sc ant ,
I dx n e s n
. . B a6u r -n am a , d at e o f c om p o s it io n a n d gaps .
'
2
i 6i a .
34 8 T RA N SLAT O R S N OT E ’
a n a t u ra l s e q u e l fro m t he fa c t t ha t n o o n e o f t he m ha d his
bi o g ra p hy fo r it s m a i n t he m e s t ill l e s s ha d his o w n a c ti o n in ,
c r i s e s o f e n fo rc e d a m bi g u i t y .
O f a ll k n o w n s o u rc e s t he b e s t a re K hw an d -a m i r s Ha 6z 6u s
’ '
’
s iy a r a n d H a id a r M i rz a D ag /clat s T ar i kli -i -r a s ni dz T he fi r s t
’ ’
w a s fi n i s he d n o m i n a lly in 9 30 A H ( 1 5 2 4 5 s e ve n y e a rs .
—
t he re fo re b e fo re B ab u r s d e a t h b u t it re c e iv e d m u c h a dditi o n o f
’
,
m a t t e r c o n c e rn i n g B ab u r a ft e r it s a u t ho r w e n t t o H in d ii s t an in
9 34 A H ( f It s fo u r t h p a r t a l i fe o f S hah I s m a i l Saf a w i
‘
. .
,
is e s p e c i a lly v a l u a bl e fo r t he y e a rs o f t h i s l a cu n a H a ida r s
’
.
b o o k wa s fi n i s he d u n d e r H u m ay fi n in 9 5 3 A H ( 1 54 7 w he n .
it s a u t ho r ha d re i g n e d fi v e y e a rs in K a s hm i r I t is t he m o s t .
v a l u a bl e o f a ll t he s o u rc e s fo r t ho s e i n t e re s t e d in B ab u r h i m s e l f ,
b o t h be c a u s e o f H a ida r s e x c e ll e n ce a s a bi o g ra p he r a n d t hr o u g h
’
his c l o s e a c q u a i n t a n c e wit h Bab u r s fa m ily F ro m h is e l e ve n t h ’

.
t o his t h i r t e e n t h y e a r he l ive d u n d e r Bab u r s p ro t e c ti o n fo ll o w e d

’
t h i s by 1 9 y e a rs s e r vi c e u n d e r S a i d K h an t he c o u s i n o f bo t h
‘
, ,
in K as hg ha r a n d a ft e r t ha t K h an s d e a t h w e n t t o B ab u r s s o n s
’ ’
, ,
K am ran a n d H u m ay fi n in H in dfi s t an .
A w o r k i s s u i n g fr o m a S u n n i A fi z b e g c e n t re F a i l b in ,
R u z b a han [sf a kan i s S il l iZ/en l -n z a l zi k ha s a P re fa c e o f s p e c i a l

’ ’
v a l u e a s s he w i n g o n e vi e w o f w ha t it w r it e s o f a s t he s p re a d o f
,
he re s y in Maw a ra u n -n a hr t hro u g h B ab u r s i n v a s i o n s
’ ’ ’
T he .
bo o k it s e l f is a T re a ti s e o n M u s a l m an L a w a n d w a s p re p a re d ,
'
by o r d e r o f U b a idu l-lah K han A icz 6eg fo r h is he lp in fu lfi ll i n g

‘ ’
a v o w h e ha d m a d e be fo re a t t a c ki n B a b i 9 1 8 AH a t t he
, g u r n .
,
s h r i n e o f K hw aj a A h m a d Va s a m i [in B a g ra t T u r ki s t an ] t ha t , ,
if he w e re vi c t o r i o u s h e w o u ld c o n fo r m e x a c t ly w it h t he d ivi n e
,
L a w a n d u p ho ld it in Maw a r u n n a h r ( R ie u s P e rs C a t ii
’ ’ ’
a - . .
,
-
T he T d r i kn-i Haji Mu nmn rn a d A r if Qa n da /z a r z a pp e a rs
"
‘ ' ’
fr o m t he fre q u e n t u s e F iris ht a m a d e o f it t o b e a u s e fu l s o u rc e , ,
b o t h be c a u s e it s a u t ho r w a s a n a t ive o f Q a n d a har a pl a c e m u c h ,
o c c u pyi n b ivi i a n d b e c a u s e he w a s a s e rv a n t o f
’
g B a u r s a c t t e s ,
B ia r am K an i k han an w ho s e a s s a s s i na t i o n u n d e r A kb a r he
h - -
,
w it n e s s e d . U n fo rt u n a t e ly t ho u g h h is l i fe o f A kb a r s u rvive s
I
,
J d I
um a a , 14 t h 968 A IL — J an 3 l s t
. 15 6 1 A D . C o n c e rn in g t he b k oo s ee ll
E io t
a nd
’
D o wso n s H is t ory of I n d i a v i, 5 7 2 an d JR A S 19 0 1 p .
76 , H B e v e r idg e
.
’
s a rt .
On P er s i a n MS S i n I n di a n L i6r a r ies
. .
3 50 T RA N SLAT O R S N O T E ’
en o j ye d a v e r k n o w n by h im be fo re
fre e d o m fr o m c a re ne
( f . 2 00 6 ; T R p T h e y e a r w a s fa t
. a l t o his fa m ily
. and .
t o Ha id a r s ; in it S ha ib an i m u r d e re d S l M a h m ad K han a n d
’
.
h is s ix so n s M u h a m m a d H u s a i n M i rz a a n d o t he r D fi g hlat
,
s u l t an s .
9 15 AH .
— A P RI L 218 1 ‘
15 09 To A P RI L 11T H 15 10 A D .
In t h i sye a r ho s tili t i e s b e g a n b e t w e e n S hah I s m a i l S af a w i ‘ ’
a n d Mu h Sh a ib an i K han A zi z beg n e w s o f w h i c h m u s t ha ve
.
,
e x c it e d k e e n i n t e re s t in K ab u l .
In it o c c u r re d a l s o w ha t w a s in it s e l f a m i n o r m a tt e r o f
a c h ild s s a fe t y b u t b e c a m e o f h i s t o r i c a l i m p o rt a n c e n a m e ly
’
, , ,
t he b e g i n n i n g o f p e r s o n a l a c q u a i n t a n c e b e t w e e n B ab u r a n d h is
s y m p a t he t i c bi o g ra p h e r H a id a r M i r z a D ag m ar H a id a r lik e .
,
S a i d c a m e a fu g i t ive t o t he p ro t e c ti o n o f a ki n s m a n he wa s
‘
t he n e l e v e n h a d b e e n s a v e d by s e rv a n t s fro m t he d e a t h c o m
,
m a n de d by S ha ib an i c o n v e y e d t o M i rz a K han in B a d a k hs han , ,
t he n c e s e n t fo r b y B ab u r t o t he g re a t e r s e c u r i t y o f K ab u l ( f 1 1 .
I nde x s n T R p . . . . .
9 16 A H .
— A P RI L 11T H 15 10 TO MARCH 3 15 1
“
15 10 AD .
a . N ew s f
o t ire 6a z z le
‘ ‘
o f Mer v .
O ve r ha l f o f t hi s y e a r p a s se d q u i e t ly in K ab u l ; R a m z an
( D e c e m b e ) b ro u g h t f r o m M i rz a K h an ( W i ) t h e t i i ng
fl
r a s s rr
t ha t I s m a i l h a d d e fe a te d S ha ib an i n e a r Me rv “ ‘
It I
n e ws .
”
is n o t k n o w n w r o t e t he M i r z a w he t he r S hahi B e g K han ha s
, ,
—
be e n kill e d o r n o t A ll t he A fi z b e g s ha ve c ro s s e d t he A m t l . .
A m i r A ar as w ho w a s in Q an d fi z h a s ed, A bo u t , .
Mu g hii ls who l e ft t he A fi z b e g a t M e rv ha ve c o m e t o Q an dfi z
‘
, , .
I h a ve c o m e t he re H e t he n i n vit e d B ab u r t o j o i n h im a n d .
w it h him t o t ry fo r t he r e c o v e ry o f t he i r a n c e s t ra l t e r r it o r i e s
( T R p . . .
1
Th e re a re c u r io u s d ea t h d iff e re n c es o f s t a t em e n t a b o ut t he d ate of Sha ib an i
’
s ,
p o ss gh c f i bet we e t his d t h d y
ibly t h ro u wh ic h p e l im i y fi ght ing
on us on n an e a on r na r
bg e ea M e v
an n H id s w y o f e xp s i g t h d t e ca ies we ight by its p ec i i
r r . a ar
’
a re s n e a rr r s on,
he g ivi g -i -/ kk f Ra m a
n i
r oz d y f whi h t he e w
s za d bt whet h e it w o z n, . e . a a o c r as ou r as
t he l st o f S h ba o t h e fi st f R m z a ( L
‘ ’ ’
a
y m
a l n A s t he r ce r o a n ane , a na u so u r s
s pp
u t F id y f
or t he d y f t h e w k
r d
a F id y in t h e ye 9 15 A H f l l t he
or a o ee an on a r a ar . e
f Sh ban t he d t e f S h ib a i d e t h se m s t b F id y Sh ban 2 9 t h
‘
29t h
’ ‘
o a , a o a n s a e o e r a a
9 15 A H ( F id y D e ce m be z d 1 5 10 AD
. r a r u .
9 14 T O 9 25 A H .
— 15 08 T O 15 19 AD .
351
6 B a6n r
’
.
g s ca m
p ai n in T r a ns ox ia n a 6eg zcn .
T he M i rz a s l e tt e r wa s b ro u g h t o v e r p a s se s bl o c k e d by s n o w
’
B ab u r w i t h a ll p o s s ibl e s p e e d t o o k t he o n e wi n t e r -ro u t e t hro u g h

, ,
Ab -d a ra k e p t t he R a m z an F e a s t in B am ian a n d re a c he d
, , .
n d ii z in S h a w w al ( a n
Q j Ha ida r s d e t a il a bo u t t he
’
a
‘
I 5 1 I .
F e a s t s e e m s l ik e ly t o h a ve be e n re c o rd e d be c a u s e he ha d re a d
B ab u r s o w n r e m a r k m a d e in R a m z an 9 3 3 A H ( J u n e I 5 2 7 ) th a t
’
, .
u
p t o t h a t d a t e w h e n h e k e pt it in S i k ri he ha d n o t s i n c e his
, ,
e l e v e n t h y e a r k e pt it twi c e in t he s a m e pl a c e ( f .
O u t s id e Q an dfi z lay t he M u g hal s m e n ti o n e d by M i rz a K han

a s c o m e fro m M e rv a n d s o m e n ti o n e d p re s u m a bly a s a p o s s ibl e , ,
r e i n fo r c e m e n t T he y ha d b e e n s e rv a n t s o f B ab u r s u n c l e s ’
.
M ah m ad a n d A h m a d a n d whe n S ha ib an i d e fe a t e d t ho s e K han s
,
at A khs i in 9 0 8 A H h a d b e e n c o m p e ll e d by him t o m i g ra t e
.
,
i n t o K hu ras an t o pl a c e s re m o t e fro m Mu g hii lis t an M a n y o f

‘
t he m h a d s e r ve d in K as hg h a r ; n o n e h a d s e rve d a T i m ii r id
M i rz a S e t fre e by S ha ib an i s d e a t h t he y h a d c o m e e a s t
’
.
, ,
a K h an -l e s s o f a r m e d a n d fu lly e q u ipp e d m e n a n d t he y
w e re t he re a s H a id a r s a y s in t he i r s t re n g t h w h il e o f C ha gha t ai s
, ,
t he r e w e r e n o t m o r e t h a n T he y n o w a n d wit h t he m t he ,
Mu g h ii ls fro m K ab u l u s e d t he o pp o rt u n i t y o ffe ri n g fo r re t u rn
,
t o a m o re c o n g e n i a l l o c a ti o n a n d l e a d e r s h ip by t h e p re se n c e in ,
z o f a l e g i t i m a t e K haq an a n d t he c l e a r a n c e in A n di j an
Q a n d fi ,
a t h re s ho ld o f Mu g h fi lis t an o f it s A az b e g g o v e rn o r s ( f ,
.
T h e c h i e fs o f b o t h b o di e s o f M u g hal s S he ri m T a g hai a t t he ,
he a d o f o n e A y i i b B eg oni a o f t he o t he r p ro ffe re d t he Mu g h fi l
‘
, ,
K h an s hip t o S a i d wi t h o ffe r t o s e t B ab u r a s id e p e rha p s t o kil l

‘
,
him . It is i m p ro b a bl e t ha t in m a ki n g t he i r o ffe r t he y c o n
t e m p la t e d l o c a t i n g t he m s e lve s in t he c o n fi n e d c o u n t ry o f K ab u l ;
w h a t t he y s e e m t o ha v e w i s he d w a s w h a t B ab u r g a v e S a i d fo r
‘
t he i r K haq an a n d p e r m i s s i o n t o g o n o rt h w i t h h im .
S a i d in w o rd s w o rt h r e a di n g r e j e c t e d t he i r o ffe r t o i n j u re
‘
, ,
B ab u r d o i n g s o o n t he g r o u n d s o f r i g ht a n d g ra t i t u d e b u t t he
, , ,
t w o m e n a g re e i n g t ha t it w a s n o w e xp e d i e n t fo r t he m t o p a rt ,
a s k e d t o b e s e n t t o a c t fo r B ab u r w h e re t h e i r fr i e n d s h ip c o u ld
b e m a i n t a i n e d fo r t he i r c o m m o n w e l fa re T he m a t t e r w a s .
35 2 T RA N S LA T O R S N O T E ’
set t el d by Bab u r s s e n d i n g him i n t o A n d i j an in re s p o n s e t o a n

’
u r e n t p e t iti o n fo r he lp t he re j u s t a r r iv e d fro m Ha id a r s u n c l e
’
g .
“w a s m a d e K han a n d s t a r t e d fo rt h in t he fo ll o wi n y e a r
He g ,
o n S a fa r i 4 t h 9 17 A H M
( y a 1 3 t h 1 5 1.1 w i t h him w e n t
m o s t o f t he M u g h al s b u t n o t a ll s i n c e e ve n o f t ho s e fro m M e r v , ,
A y ab B eg cnz k a n d o t he rs a re fo u n d m e n ti o n e d o n s e v e r a l l a t e r
'
o c c a s i o n s a s be i n g w i t h B ab u r .
“
B ab u r s p h ra se
’
I m a d e h im K han ( f 2 00 6 ) re c a ll s his .
e a r li e r m e n ti o n o f w h a t s e e m s t o b e t he s a m e a pp o i n t m e n t
( d by b -s a i d o f Y fi n a s a s K han o f t he M u h al s
‘
f . m a e A a g
in e ac h c a s e t he m e a n i n g s e e m s t o b e t ha t t he T i m fi rid M i r z a
m a d e t he C ha g ha t ai K han K haq an o f t he Mu g h t i ls
‘
d . F ir s t a t t em p t on H is ar .
A ft e r
p e n d i n g a s ho rt t i m e in Q an d fi z B ab u r m o v e d fo r
s ,
H i s ar in w hi c h w e re t he A fi z b e g s u l t an s M a hd i a n d H a m z a
W
.
T he y c a m e o u t i n t o a kh s h t o m e e t h im b u t o w i n g t o a n ,
i m b ro g l i o t he re w a s n o e n c o u n t e r a n d e a c h s id e re ti re d ( T R
, . .
p 2 3 )
8.
I n t er c ou r s e 6et w een B a6u r Saf a w i

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[s m a i l
'
a nd
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e . .
h
W il B be a u r wa s n o w in Q ii n d ii z h s i s i s e K h n z ad a
t r a -
a r r ive d t he re s a fe -re t u r n e d u n d e r e s c o r t o f t he S h ah s t r o o p s
’
, ,
a ft e r t he d e a t h in t he b a t t l e o f M e r v o f h e r s u c c e s s iv e h u s b a n d s
S ha ib an i a n d S a yyid H ad i a n d w it h he r c a m e a n e n v o y fro m,
‘
I s m a i l p ro ffe ri n g fr i e n d s h ip c ivili t i e s c a l c u l a t e d t o a ro u s e a
,
ho p e o f P e rs i a n he lp in B ab u r T o a c k n o wl e d g e h is c o u rt e s i e s
.
,
B ab u r s e n t M i rz a K han wi t h t ha n k s a n d g i ft s ; H a id a r s a y s
t ha t t he M i rz a a l s o c o n v e y e d p ro t e s t a t i o n s o f g o o d fa ith a n d
a re q u e s t fo r m ili t a ry a s s i s t a n c e H e w a s w e l l re c e iv e d a n d h is
.
r e q u e s t fo r he lp w a s a t d t h a t it w a s ra n t e d u n d e r h a rd
g r n e g
c o n d iti o n s t h e n s t a t e d l a t e r o c c u r ren c e s s h e w .
9 17 A H . MA RCH
- 3 18 T 15 11 TO MA RC H 19 T H 15 12 A D .
a . S econ d a t t em
p t on H is ar .
In t hi s
ye a r B ab u r m o v e d a g a i n o n H i s ar H e t o o k p o s t .
,
w he re o n c e h is fo r b e a r T i m ar h a d w ro u h t o u t s u c c e s s a a i n s t
g g
- - b
g re a t o dd s a t t he P u l-
,i s a n
g i n ( S t o n e -b r id e
g ) o n t he S ar kh a ,
and Sh ah ru k h S l Af s /zar I s m a i l s s e a l -k e e p e r T he fo ll o wi n g
.
,
‘ ’
.
p a rti c u l a rs g ive n by K hwan d -a m i r a b o u t t he d e s p a t c h o f t h i s

, ,
c o n ti n g e n t he lp t o fi x t he o rd e r o f o c c u rre n c e s a n d t hro w li g h t ,
o n t he p r i c e p a id by B ab u r fo r h is a u x ili a r i e s H e a n n o u n ce d .
his vi c t o ry o v e r M a hd i a n d H a m z a t o t he S hah a n d a t t he ,
s a m e ti m e p ro m i s e d t ha t if he re c o n q u e re d t he r e s t o f T r a n s
o x ia n a by t he S hah s he lp he w o u ld re a d his n a m e in t he
’
,
lenu t 6a s t a m p it o n c o i n s t o g e t he r wit h t ho s e o f t he T w e lve

,
I m am s a n d w o r k t o d e s t ro y t he p o we r o f t he A fi z b e g s T he s e
,
.
u n d e rt a ki n g s l o o k l ik e a r e s p o n s e t o a d e m a n d ; s u c h c o n diti o n s
c a n n o t h a v e be e n p ro ffe re d t he i r a c c e p t a n c e m u s t h a v e be e n
c o m p e ll e d K hw an d -a m i r s a y s t ha t w he n I s m a i l fu lly u n d e r
‘
.
s t o o d t he p u r p o r t o f B ab u r s l e tt e r [ by w hi c h w o u ld s e e m t o b e
’
m e a n t w he n h e k n e w t ha t h is c o n d iti o n s o f he lp w e re a c c e pt e d ]
, ,
he d e s p a t c he d t he t ro o p s u n d e r t he t hre e C o m m a n d e rs n a m e d
a bo ve .
T he P e rs i a n c h i e fs a dvi s e d a m o ve d i re c t o n B u k h ar a a n d
S a m a r k a n d ; a n d wit h t hi s B ab u r s c o u n c ill o rs c o n c u rre d t he y ’
,
s a yi n g a c c o rdi n g t o H a id a r t h a t B u k h ara w a s t he n e m pty o f

, ,
t ro o p s a n d f u ll o f fo o l s U b a id K han ha d t hro w n hi m s e l f i n t o
‘
.
Q a rs hi ; it w a s s e t tl e d n o t t o a tt a c k him b u t t o p a s s o n a n d
e n c a m p a s t a g e b e y o n d t he t o w n T h i s w a s d o n e ; t he n s c o u t .
fo ll o w e d s c o u t b r i n g i n g n e w s t ha t he ha d c o m e o u t o f Q a rs hi
fl
,
a n d w a s h u rryi n t o B u k har a h is o w n fi e f I n s t a n t a n d s wi ft
g ,
.
p u rs u it fo ll o w e d h im u p t he 100 m il e s o f c a ra va n -ro a d i n t o ,
B u kh ara a n d o n b e y o n d s w e e pi n g h im a n d his g a rr i s o n
, , ,
pl u n d e re d a s t he y e d i n t o t he o p e n l a n d o f T u r ki s t an M a n y
,
.
s u l t an s h a d c o ll e c t e d in S a m a r k a n d s o m e n o d o u bt b e i n l ik e
g , ,
T i m ar it s g o ve rn o r fu g i t iv e s e s c a p e d fro m Pu l-i-s a n gi n D is
,
.
m a y e d by B ab u r s s e c o n d s u c c e s s th e y s c a t t e re d i n t o T u r k i s t an
’
, ,
t hu s l e a vi n g him a n o p e n ro a d .
S a m a r ka n d w it /t [s m a i l S af a w i
‘
c . r e-occu p ied a n d r el a t ion s .
He m ust n ow bl e t o d i s p e n s e w ith his

h a v e ho p e d t o b e a
d a n g e ro u s c o l l e a g u e s fo r he d i s m i s s e d t he m whe n he re a c he d
,
B u k hara wit h g i ft s a n d t ha n k s fo r t he i r s e rvi c e s I t is H a id a r

, .
,
h i m s e l f p re s e n t w ho fi x e s B u k hara a s t he pl a c e o f t he d i s m i s s a l
,
(T R p . . .
9 14 T O 9 25 A H .
— 15 08 T O 15 19 A D .
3 55
F ro m B u k hara B ab u r we n t t o S a m a r k a n d I t wa s m id-R aj a b .
9 17 A H ( O c t o be r I 5 1 1
. s o m e t e n m o n t hs a ft e r l e a vi n g
K ab u l a n d a ft e r 9 y e a rs o f a b s e n c e t ha t he re -e n t e re d t he t o w n
, , ,
i t s e l f g a y w it h d e c o ra ti o n fo r h is we l c o m e a m id s t t he a c c l a i m o f ,
it s p e o p le .
I
E i g ht m o n t hs we re t o p ro v e his i m p o t e n c e t o k e e p it a g a i n s t
t he fo rc e s ra n ge d a g a i n s t h im A ii z b e g s t re n g t h in a r m s c o m ,
—
cted by S u n n i z e a l S u n n i ha t re d o f a S hi a s s u ze ra i n t y ‘ ’
a
p ,
i n t e n s ifi e d by d re a d l e s t t ha t p o t e n t S hi a s ho u ld re s o lve t o ‘
p e rp e t u a t e his d o m i n a n c e B o t h a s a S u n n i a n d a s o n e w ho .
h a d n o t o w n e d a s u z e r a i n t he p o s i t i o n w a s u n pl e a s a n t fo r B ab u r
, .
T h a t his a lli a n c e wit h I s m a i l w a s d a n g e ro u s he will ha v e k n o w n ‘
a s a l s o t h a t his r i s k s e w a T a n s o ia n a w a o v e -s p re a d by
g r s r x s r
n e w s o f I s m a i l s fa n a t i c a l b a r b a r i s m t o pi o u s a n d l e a r n e d S u n n i s
‘ ’
n o t a bly in H e ri H e m a n i fe s t e d d e s i re fo r r e l e a s e b o t h n o w
.
and late r — n o w w he n he n o t o n ly d i s m i s s e d h is P e rs i a n he lp e r s
,
b u t s o b e ha v e d t o t he S hah s e n v o y M u h a m m a d J an he w a s
’
—
,
N aj m S an i s L o rd o f t he G a t e t ha t t he e n vo y fe l t n e g l e c t a n d
’
,
—
m a d e r e p o r t o f B ab u r a s a r ro g an t in o pp o s i t i o n a n d u n w illi n g , ,
t o fu lfi l his c o m p a c t -l a t e r wh e n h e e a e r ly a t t e m pt e d s u c c e s s
g ,
u n a id e d a a i n s t U b a id K han a n d w a s t he n w o rs t e d il l s t ra t e s
‘
g I t u ,
.
t he S hah s vi e w o f his s u z e ra i n re l a t i o n t o B ab u r t ha t o n he a r i n g
’
M u h a m m a d J an s re p o rt he o rd e re d N a j m S an i t o b r i n g t he
’
o ffe n d e r t o o r d e r .
M e a n ti m e t he S hah s c o n di t i o n s s e e m t o h a v e b e e n c a rr i e d
’
o u t in S a m a r k a n d a n d B ab u r s s u b s e r vi e n c e c l e a r ly s he w n Of
’ 2
.
t h i s t he re a re t he i n di c a t i o n s -t ha t B ab u r ha d p ro m i s e d a n d ,
w a s a m a n o f h is w o rd t h a t S u n n i i rr i t a t i o n a g a i n s t h im w a x e d
a n d d id n o t w a n e a s it m i g h t h a v e d o n e w i t ho u t fo o d t o n o u r i s h
it t ha t B ab u r k n e w h i m s e l f i m p o t e n t a g a i n s t t he A fi z b e g s
u n l e s s h e h a d fo re i n a id e xp e c t e d a t t a c k k n e w it w a s p r e p a r i n g ;
g ,
t ha t he w o u ld h e a r o f M u h a m m a d J an s r e p o rt a n d o f N a j m
S an i s c o m m i s s i o n a g a i n s t h i m s e l f H o n e s ty p o li c y a n d n e c e s s i t y
’
.
,
d g
If m y r e a in b e c o rr e c t o f t h e ur i as sa e c o n c e rn in win e s r u n T k p Ba ur g g d k by b
I v
w hic h d
ha e n o t e o n f 4 9 ( i n loco p
8 3 n I ) , it wa s u rin t his o c c u a t io n o f
. . a u . d g p Kb l
b fi b k
t h a t B a u r rs t ro e t h e L a w a a in s t s t im u a n t s g l .
2
Mr
R P l
. dS. o o e fo u n
. a c o in w hic h he t o o t o b e o n e s t ru c in o e ie n c e t o k k bd
Bab ur s c o m a c t w it h t h e Shah ( B M C a t o f t h e c o in s o f
p e r s ian Shah s 1 8 8 7 , P
’
. . .
pp xx v
. TR p
i ct s eg 24 6 n
. . . . .
com bi n e d t o e n fo rc e t he fu lfil m e n t o f his a g re e m e n t W ha t .
w e re t he p re c i s e t e r m s o f t h a t a g re e m e n t be y o n d t he t wo a s t o
t he 6 6 u t 6a a n d t he c o i n s it n e e d s c l o s e s t u dy o f t he w o rdi n g ,
o f t he s o u rc e s t o d e c id e l e s t m e t a p h o r b e t a k e n fo r fa c t
,
G re a t .
p a s s i o n s — a m bi t i o n r e li g i o u s fe rv o u r s e c t a r i a n bi g o t ry a n d fe a r
, , ,
c o n fr o n t e d h im H is p ro bl e m w a s g re a t e r t ha n t ha t o f H e n ry
.
o f N a v a rre a n d o f N a p o l e o n in E g yp t ; t he y h a d b u t t o s e e m
w ha t s e c u re d t he i r a c c e p t a n c e ; he ha d t o p u t o n a g u i s e t ha t
b ro u g ht h im ha t e .
K han -z ad a w a s n o t t he o n ly m e m b e r o f B ab u r s fa m ily w ho ’
n o w r e j o i n e d h im a ft e r m a rr i a g e w i t h a n A fi z b e g H is ha l f .
s i s t e r Y ad g ar -s u l t an h a d fa ll e n t o t he s h a re o f H a m z a S u l t an s
’
s o n A bd u l -l a t i f in 9 0 8 A H w he n S h a ib an i d e fe a t e d t he K h an s
‘ ’
.
n e a r A khs i N o w t ha t he r ha l f-b ro t he r h a d d e fe a t e d he r
.
h u s b a n d s fa m ily s he re t u r n e d t o he r o w n p e o pl e ( f
’
.
,
9 18 A H .
— MA RC H 19 m 15 12 T O MR C H
A 9m 15 13 AD .
a . R et u r n o f t 6 e A zi z 6eg s .
E m b o ld e n e d by t he d e p a r t u re o f t he P e rs i a n t ro o p s t he ,
A fi z b e g s in t he s p ri n g o f t he y e a r c a m e o u t o f T u rk i s t an t he i r
, , ,
m a i n a t t a c k b e i n g d i re c t e d o n T as hki n t t he n he ld fo r Bab u r ,
.
I
‘
U b a id K han m o v e d fo r B u k hara H e h a d p re fa c e d h is m a r c h .
by v o wi n g t ha t if s u c c e s s fu l he w o u ld t he n c e fo rt h s t r i c t ly
, ,
o b se rv e M u s a l m an L a w T he v o w w a s m a d e in H a z ra t T u r ki s t an
.
a t t he s hr i n e o f K h w aj a A h m a d Ya s a w i a s a i n t re v e re d in ,
C e n t ra l A s i a t h r o u g h m a n y c e n t u r i e s h e h a d d i e d a b o u t
I 1 2 0 A D ; T i m ar h a d m a d e pil r i m a e t o his t o m b in 1 3 9 7 A D
.
g g ,
.
,
a n d t he n h a d fo u n d e d t he m o s q u e s t il l d o m i n a t i n t h e t o wn
g ,
b r s of
’
s till t he pil r i m s l a n d -m a r k lik B
’
U b d
‘ ’
g a i s v o w e a u .
2
,
9 3 3 A H w a s o n e o f r e t u r n t o o b e d i e n c e B o t h m e n t o o k o a t h in
.
, .
t he G hazi s m o o d B ab u r s s e t a a i n s t t he H i n d a w h o m he s a w
’ ’
g
'
a s a he a t he n U b a id s s e t a g a i n s t B ab u r w ho m he s a w a s a he re ti c
‘ ’
.
,
I t was h e ld by d
A h m a -i-q as im K o/z 6 u r a n d is r e fe rr e t o o n f 2 34 6 , a s o n e d .
o c c a s io n o f t h o s e in w h ic h o s t Be g D
is t in u ish e h im s e f d g d l .
2
yl g d
Sc hu e r s T u r é is t an has a o o a c c o u n t a n d ic t u r e o f t h e m o s q u e
’ ‘
al
’
s p . Ub d
v o w is r e fe rre d l
t o in m y e a r ie r m e n t io n o f t h e S fi l fi é u l -m u l fi k
’
It m a y b e n o t e . d
h e r e t ha t t h is MS s u o r t s t he s e in
. pp
B a6 u r p ll g
m a in t he s e c o n s a e rh m e by k g d yll bl y
g
t o p ar , a s a a in s t t h e fo r m B a 6a r
'
.
358 T R A N S LAT O R S N O T E ’
in g re a t fo rc e ; m a n y A fi z b e g s p e ri s he d b u t , in t he e n d, t he y
w e re vi c t o rs a n d B ab u r w a s c o m p e ll e d t o t a k e re fu g e in B u k hara .
T he t took pl a c e K u l-i-m a li k ( ng
K i s- a l ke )
’
enco u n er near in
S a fa r 9 18 A H .
( A p r il —
Ma y 1 5 12
c . B a6u r l ea v es S a m a r ka n d .
It w a s p o s s ibl e t o m a i n t a i n a fo o t i n g in S a m a r k a n d
not
°
B abu r t he re fo re c o ll e c t e d his fa m ily a n d t ra in a n d b e t o o k h im I
s e l f t o H i s ar T he re w e n t w i t h h im o n t h i s e xp e d iti o n M ahi m
.
a n d he r c h ild r e n H u m ay ii n M i hr-j a han a n d B ar b al -t he , ,
m o t he rl e s s M a s am a — G u l-r u k h wit h he r s o n K am ran ( G u l

‘
bad a n f I ha v e n o t fo u n d a n y a c c o u n t o f his r o u t e H a id a r
.
g iv e s n o d e t a il s a b o u t t he j o u rn e y ; h e d id n o t t ra v e l w it h
B ab u r b e i n g s t ill i n v a l id e d in S a m a rk a n d P e rha p s t he a b s e n c e
, .
o f i n fo r m a t i o n is a s i g n t h a t t he A fi z b e s h a d n o t e t a pp e a re d
g y
o n t h e d i r e c t ro a d fo r H i s ar A l o c a l t ra d iti o n ho w e v e r w o u ld .
m a k e B ab u r g o ro u n d t hro u g h F a rg han a H e c e r t a i n ly m i g h t .
h a v e g o n e i n t o F a rg han a h o pi n g t o c o -o p e ra t e wit h S a i d K han ;

‘
T as hki n t w a s s til l h o ld i n g o u t u n d e r A h m a d -i-q as i m K on6u r

a n d it is c l e a r t h a t a ll a c tivity in B ab u r s fo rc e ha d n o t b e e n
’
q u e n c he d b e c a u s e d u r i n g t he T as hki n t s i e g e D o s t Be g b ro k e ,
t hro u g h t he e n e m y s r a n k s a n d m a d e h is w ay i n t o t he t o w n ’
.
S a i ram he ld o u t l o n g e r t h a n T as hki n t O f a n y s u c h m o v e by .
B ab u r i n t o A n dij an t he o n ly h i n t re c e iv e d is g ive n by w ha t m ay
b e a m e re l e g e n d .
2
a a r ao . Ba b ur r e fe rs t o t his e x d o us on f . 12 6 wh e n writ in g of D l au a t -
su l tan
K ha nim .
It i s o n e r ec o r d d w it h
e d K b é d T kl -i
so m e v ar ia t io n , in N i az y M u ha m m a u an i
’
s ari i
s zi a/ /él
zr u (K 18 8 5 )
'
u d N li ki e
az an ,
f K l w/ d ( p an It ys t h t a v n
’
s K lz an a t e o ea n . sa a
wh B ab
en 9 18 A H ( 1 5 1 2 AD l ft S m k d ft
ur in d f t by t h A fi b gs e
.
_
. e a ar an a er e ea e z e , on
o f hi w iv s S yyid A f q wh
es, a m p i d h im i h is fl ight g ve b i t h t
a a s i o a cco an e n , a r o a on n
t h d es t w hic h l i s b t w
e er Kh j d d K d -i-b dam th t Bab
e e een t d i g u an an an a a u r, no ar n
t t
o y d t h i f t b i g t o yo g t m k t h im p d i g j
a rr an e n an e ney l e ft it d ero un o a e e en n o u rn , un
so m b h wit h his w g i dl
e us es d it i whi h w t h i gs f p ic ; t h t t h
o n r e ro u n n c e re n o r e a e
c hild w f d by l c l p pl d i ll si t t he v l bl es m g t whi h it l y
as oun o a eo e an n a u on o a ua a on s c a ,
ca ll e d A lt i bi hik (g ld in dl ) t h t it e iv d o t h
s o m es dw b tk w
e n c ra e a r ce e er na an as es no n
i l t e l if
n a r Kh d aya S l t a H is sa id t h ve p t m os t f his l if i A kh i ;
e as u n u n . e o a s en o e n s
t h v h d
o a e
Ta g i -ya
a son d t h v d i d i 9 5 2 A H ( 154 5 A D
in r H is gr d n an o a e e n . . ra n so
Ya - m h m m d
r 1 u id t h v g
a a t I d i t el t i who w s d
15 sa o d ts f a e one o n a o r a ons a e sc e n an o
B ab ( J A S B 19 0 5 p 1 3 7 H B ve id g B a6 ) Wh t g i t ’
ur t Tb e E mp. . e r e 5 ar . e r or ur . a 15 a a ns
th t e t h f t hi t d it i
ru o is t h t G l b d
s ra m e ti no s h w if
on S yyid A f q a u a an n ons uc e as a a a .
M ahi m h w v om t h v be l
e e r s ee g d to l igi s f m ily m ight t h ef e b e
s o a e on e a re ou a ,
er or
s t yl d S yyid
e a d Bab m
a , an ti (f h d ev
, as l c hild wh did o t l iv
ur en ons . a s e ra re n o n e
( child l ft
a thi i f
e t w s m igh t if
as t h
s d o f b e s pp se d d d ) Th e is
n an a , no ear ,
u o ea . er
t hi s op i g ll w d f
en n s id
a i g t h t d it io
o e or con er n e ra n .
9 14 T O 9 25 A H .
— 15 08 T O 15 19 A D .
3 59
d B a6u r i n H is ar
. .
A ft e r xp e r i e n c i n g
e su c h ga i n s and suc h l o s s e s Bab u r, wa s
s till u n d e r 30 y e a rs o f a ge .
T he A fi z b e g s ,
a ft e r
d e p a rt u re re -o c c u pi e d B u k hara a n d
h is ,
S a m a r k a n d w i t ho u t ha r m d o n e t o t he t o wn s -p e o pl e a n d a fe w ,
w e e k l a t e r in J u m d I ( J u ly A u g u s t ) fo ll o w e d h im t o H i s ar
s ,
a a —
.
M e a n t i m e he w i t h M i rz a K han s he lp ha d s o c l o s e d t he s t re e t s ’
o f t he t o w n by m a s s iv e e a rt h -w o r k s t h a t t he s u l t an s w e re c o n
v in c e d it s d e fe n d e rs w e re r e a dy t o s p e n d t he l a s t d ro p o f t he i r
bl o o d in ho ld i n g it a n d t he re fo re re t i re d wi t ho u t a t t a c k S o m e
, .
I
s o u r c e s g iv e a s t he i r r e a s o n fo r re ti re m e n t t h a t B ab u r h a d b e e n
r e i n fo r c e d fr o m B a lk h B a i ram B e g it is t ru e ha d s e n t a fo rc e , ,
b u t o n e o f 30 0 m e n o n ly s o fe w c a n n o t h a v e a l a r m e d e x c e p t
a s t he h a r bi n g e r o f m o r e G re a t e r p re c i s i o n a s t o d a t e s w o u ld
.
s he w w h e t he r t he y c a n h a v e he a r d o f N aj m S an i s a r m y
’
a dv a n c i n g by w a y o f B a lk h .
Qa r s ni and G j da v ci n
/z a - .
M ea n t i m e N aj m S an i h a vi n g wi t h him s o m e
, m en ,
h a d s t a r t e d o n his c o rre c t ive m i s s i o n a g a i n s t B ab u r W he n h e .
r e a c he d t h e K h u ras an fro n t i e r he h e a r d o f t he d e fe a t a t K u l-i ,
m a lik a n d t he fli g ht t o H i s ar g a t he re d o t he r t ro o p s fro m H a rat

,
a n d e l s e w he re a n d a dv a n c e d t o B a lk h
, H e s t a ye d t he re fo r .
2 0 d a y s w i t h B a i ram B e g p e rh a p s o c c u pi e d in p a rt by c o m
, , ,
m u n ic a t io n s wit h t he S hah a n d B ab u r F ro m t he l a t t e r re p e a t e d .
re q u e s t fo r h e lp is s a id t o h a v e c o m e ; he lp w a s g ive n s o m e ,
s o u r c e s s a y w i t ho u t t h e S hah s p e r m i s s i o n A re n d e z v o u s w a s
’
.
fi x e d N aj m S an i m a rc he d t o T i rm i z t he re c ro s s e d t he A m ii
, ,
a n d in R a j a b ( S e p -
O c t ) e n c a m p e d n e a r t he D a r b a n d -i-a b a n i n
. . .
On b pp h t h h h C h k c ha q h p id h
’
B a u r s a r o a c r o u
g t e a -
p a s s e a i m ,
t he c ivili t y o f g o i n g s e v e ra l m il e s o u t fro m h is c a m p t o g iv e him

ho n o u r i n g re c e p t i o n .
A dv a n c i n g t he n c e fo r B u k hara t he c o m bi n e d a rm i e s t o o k ,
K h u z ar a n d m o v e d o n t o Q a rs hi T h i s t o w n B ab u r wi s he d t o .
p a s s by a s it h ad b e e n p a s s e d by o n h is p re vi o u s m a rc h fo r
,
B u k hara e a c h t i m e p e rha p s he wi s he d t o s p a re it s p e o pl e ,
b
Ba u r r e fe r s t o t his on f
. 265 .
T R A N S LA T O R S N O T E ’
fo r m e r ly his b j e c t s w h o m h e d e s i r e d t o r u l e a g a i n a n d w ho
su , ,
a re r e p u t e d t o h a v e b e e n m o s tly h is fe ll o w T u r k s N ajm S an i .
r e fu s e d t o p a s s o n ; he s a id Q a rs hi m u s t b e t a k e n b e c a u s e it
w a s U b a id u l-lah K h an s n e s t ; in it w a s U b a id s u n c l e S ha ikhi m
‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’
M i rz a ; it wa s c a p t u re d ; t he A fi z b e g g a rr i s o n wa s p u t t o t he
s wo rd a n d s pit e o f B ab u r s e a rn e s t e n t re a t ie s a ll t he t o w n s
’
, ,
“
‘
p e o pl e ,
p e rs o n s it is s a id d o w n t o t he s u c k li n g a n d
,
d e c re pi t we re m a s s a c re d A m o n g s t t he v ic t im s w a s B a n a i
.
’
w ho ha pp e n e d t o b e w i t h i n it T h i s a c t i o n ro u s e d t he u t m o s t
.
a n e r a a i n s t N a m S an i d i u s t e d B ab u r n o t o n ly t hro u h
g g j it s g g ,
it s m e rc il e s s s l a u g ht e r b u t b e c a u s e it m a d e c l e a r t he d i s re g a r d
in w h i c h h e w a s he ld by h is m a g n ifi c e n t fe l l o w -g e n e ra l .
F ro m m u rd e re d Q a rs hi N aj m S an i a dv a n c e d fo r B u k hara .
O n g e t ti n g wit h i n a fe w m il e s o f it he he a r d t ha t a n A fi z b e g,
fo r c e w a s a pp ro a c h i n g u n d e r T i m ar a n d A b a-s a i d p re s u m a bly
‘
,
fro m S a m a r k a n d t he re fo re H e s e n t B a i r am B e g t o a t t a c k t he m ;
.
t he y d re w o ff t o t h e n o rt h a n d t hre w t he m s e lv e s i n t o G b aj -d a van ,
t he c o m bi n e d a r m i e s fo ll o wi n g t he m T h i s m o ve pl a c e d N ajm
.
S an i a c ro s s t he Za r-a fs han o n t he b o rd e r o f t he d e s e r t w i t h
,
w h i c h t he A fi z b e g s w e re fa m i li a r a n d w i t h U b a id o n h is fl a n k
‘
,
in B u k hara .
A s t o w h a t fo ll o w e d t he s o u rc e s v a ry ; t he y a re b r i e f ; t he y
d i ffe r l e s s in s t a t e m e n t o f t he s a m e o c c u rre n c e t ha n in t he i r
c ho i c e o f d e t a il s t o r e c o r d a s Mr E rs ki n e o b s e rv e s t he i r v a ryi n
.
g
s t o r i e s a r e n o t i n c o m p a tibl e T he i r w id e s t di ffe re n c e is a s t a t e
.
m e n t o f t i m e b u t t he t w o p e r i o d s n a m e d o n e a fe w d a y s t he , ,
o t he r fo u r m o n t hs m a y n o t b e m e a n t t o a pply t o t he s a m e
,
e ve n t . F o u r m o n t hs t he s i e g e is s a id t o ha v e l a s t e d t h i s c o u ld
n o t h a v e b e e n s a id if it h a d b e e n a fe w d a y s o n ly T he s i e g e .
s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n o f s o m e d u ra t i o n .
A t fi rs t t he re w e re m i n o r e n g a g e m e n t s e n di n g w i t h v a ryi n g ,
s u c ce ss p ro vi s i o n s a n d p ro ve n d e r b e c a m e s c a rc e N ajm S an i s ’
o ffi c e r s u rg e d re t i r e m e n t s o t o o d id B ab u r
,
H e w o u ld li s t e n t o
.
n o n e o f t he m A t l e n g t h U b a id K han r o d e o u t fr o m B u k har a
‘
.
a t t he he a d o f e x c e ll e n t t ro o p s ; he j o i n e d t he G b aj -d a v an
g a rr i s on a n d t h e u n i t e d A fi z b e g s p o s t e d t he m s e lv e s in t he
s u b u r b s w he re w a l l e d l a n e s a n d g a r d e n s n a rro w e d t he fi e ld a n d
l e s s e n e d N aj m S an i s a dv a n t a g e in n u m b e rs
’
On T u e s d ay .
36 2 T R A N S LA T O R S N O T E ’
t he m fo r t he i r m isco n du c t
b s e n ce o f d e t a il c o n n e c ti n g t he
t he a
a ffa i r wi t h t he d e fe a t j u s t s u s t a i n e d l e a d s t o t he s u pp o s i t i o n ,
t ha t t he i r m i s d e e d s w e re a p a r t o f t he ty ra n n y o v e r t he c o u n t ry
p e o pl e p u n i s he d l t e by U b a idu l lah K han R o u s e d fro m his
a r - ‘ ’
.
s l e e p by t he n o i s e o f his g u a r d s r e s i s t a n c e t o t he M u g h al a t t a c k
’
B ab u r e s c a p e d w it h d i ffi c u l t y a n d wit ho u t a s i n g l e a tt e n d a n t I
i n t o t he fo rt T he c o n s pi ra t o rs pl u n d e re d h is c a m p a n d wi t h
.
d re w t o Q a ra-t i g i n H e wa s in n o p o s i t i o n t o o pp o s e t he m l e ft
.
,
a fe w m e n in H i s ar a n d w e n t t o M i r z a K h an in Q an d fi z .
A ft e r he l e ft H i s ar e n d u r e d a d e s o l a ti n g fa m i n e a p he n o m e n a l
, ,
s n o w fa ll a n d t he r a v a g e s o f t he Mu g h ii ls U b a id K han a ve n g e d ‘
.
B ab u r o n t he ho rd e ; he a ri n g o f t he i r e x c e s s e s he e n c a m p e d
W
,
o u t s id e t he p o s i t i o n t h e y h a d t a k e n u p in a khs h d e fe n d e d by
r iv e r h ill s a n d s n o w w a i t e d till a ro a d t h a w e d
, , t h e n fe ll u p o n ,
t he m a n d a ve n g e d t he y e a r s m i s e ry t he y ha d i n fli c t e d o n t he ’
H is ari s H a id a r s a y s o f t he m th a t it w a s t he i r vill a i n y l o s t
.
H i s ar t o B ab u r a n d g a i n e d it fo r t he A t i z b e g 2
‘
T he s e M u g hal s h a d fo r c h i e fs m e n w ho w he n S a i d w e n t t o ‘
A n di j an e l e c t e d t o s t a y w i t h B ab u r
, O n e o f t he t hre e n a m e d .
by H a id a r w a s A y ab B eg onilc H e re p e n t e d his d i s l o y a l t y ;
.
w he n he la y dyi n g s o m e t wo y e a rs l a t e r ( 9 2 0 A H ) in Y an g i .
h i s ar he t o ld S a i d K h an w ho vi s it e d him t ha t w ha t w a s
‘
, ,
”
l a c e ra ti n g his b o we l s a n d kill i n g him wi t h re m o rs e wa s h is ,
fa i t hl e s s n e s s t o B ab u r in H i s ar t he o a t h he h a d b ro k e n a t t he ,
“ t he Mu g hfi l c h i e fs
”
in s ti g a ti o n o f t ho s e ho g s a n d b e a rs ,
(T R p . . .
In t h i s y e a r b u t b e fo re t he Mu g hfi l t re ac he ry t o B ab u r H a id a r ,
l e ft him s t a rt i n g in R aj a b ( S e p — O c t ) t o S a i d in A n dij an a n d
,
. .
‘
t hu s m a ki n g a be g i n n i n g o f h is 19 y e a rs s p e ll o f s e r vi c e .
M A R C H 9 T H 15 13 T O
9 19 A H .
— F EB . 26 T H 15 14 A D .
B ab u r m ay ha v e s p e n t t h i s y e a r in K h is h m ( H S iii
. .
,
D u r i n g t wo o r t h re e mo n t h s o f it S hah s ’
he h a d one o f t he
fl
,
l
So m e t ra n s a t o rs m a e Ba u r g o na e k b k d
in t o t h e fo rt b u t , o n h is o wn a u t ho rit y
( f . i t s e e m s sa fe r t o u n e r s ta n w h a t o t h e r s sady , d
t ha t h e w e n t s t r i e o f pp d
d
a t t e n a n c e, b
e ca u s e it w a s a wa s h is h a it e e n in t im es o fl y b v
e a c e t o l ie o w n in h is p d
t u n ic m u c h m o re wo u ld v d
h e ha e o n e so a t s u c h a c ris is o f his a a irs as t his o f h is
‘
flg i ht t o H isar .
d gv g p
H a i a r i e s a ra hic ac co u n t o f t he m isc o n u c t o f t he ho r e a n d o f t he ir d d
p u n ishm e n t ( TR p
26 1 . . .
fl
9 14 T O 9 25 A H .
— l 5 08 T O 15 19 A D .
36 3
i in h is
vi c e K hwaj a K a m alu d -di n M a h m ad who ’
r e t a n e rs se r , ,
h a d e d fro m G b aj -d a v an t o B a lkh he a r d t he re th a t t he B a lkhi s ,
fa v o u re d a n A fi z b e g c h i e f w ho s e c o m i n g w a s a n n o u n c e d a n d ,
t he re fo re w e n t t o B ab u r In ju m ad a I I ( A u g u s t ) he a r i n g t ha t
.
,
t he A fi z b e g s u lt a n h a d l e ft B a lk h h e r e t u rn e d t he re b u t w a s ,
n o t a d m itt e d b e c a u s e t he B a lkhi s fe a re d re p r i s a l s fo r t he i r
w e l c o m e t o t he A fi z be g a fe a r w h i c h m ay i n di c a t e t ha t he ha d
,
t a k e n s o m e c o n s id e ra bl e re i n fo rc e m e n t t o B ab u r H e w e n t o n .
i n t o K hu ras an a n d w a s t he re kill e d ; B a lk h w a s re c a pt u re d fo r
t he S hah by D e o S u l t an a r e m o v a l fro m A fi z b e g p o s s e s s i o n ,
wh i c h he lp s t o e xpl a i n ho w B ab u r c a m e t o b e t he re in 9 2 3 A H .
9 20 A H .
— F EB . 26 T H 15 14 TO F EB . 15 T H 15 15 AD .
H a id a r w r i t e s o f B ab u r a s t ho u g h he w e re in Q an dfi z t hi s
ye a r ( T R p . s a y s t ha t he s u ffe re d t he g re a t e s t m i s e ry a n d
.
w a n t bo re it w it h his a c c u s t o m e d c o u rt e s y a n d p a ti e n c e b u t a t
, ,
l a s t d e s p a i ri n g o f s u c c e s s in re c o v e ri n g H i s ar w e n t b a c k t o
, ,
K abu l N o w it s e e m s t o b e t ha t he m a d e t he s t a y in K hw as t t o
.
w h i c h he re fe rs l a t e r ( f 2 4 16) a n d d u r i n g w h i c h h is d a u g ht e r
.
b G l b a da n s c hro n i c l e a ll o w s k n o w n
’
-
G u l r ng
a w a s o rn a s u -
, .
It w a s a t t he e n d o f t he y e a r a ft e r t he p r iv a t i o n o f w i n t e r ,
t he re fo re t ha t he re a c he d K ab l Whe n he re o c c u pi e d S a m a r
,
u - .
k a n d in 9 17 A H he h a d g ive n K ab u l t o his h a l f-b ro t he r N as i r

.
,
M i rz a ; t he M i rz a re c e ive d him n o w wit h w a rm we l c o m e a n d

p ro t e s t a t i o n s o f d e vo ti o n a n d re s p e c t s p o k e o f ha vi n g g u a rd e d ,
K ab u l fo r him a n d a s k e d p e rm i s s i o n t o re t u rn t o his o w n o ld fi e f
G ha z n i H is be ha vi o u r m a d e a d e e p i m p re ss i o n o n B ab u r it
.
w o u ld b e fe lt a s a hu m a n e t o u c h o n t he s o re o f fa il u re .
9 21 A H .
— F EB . 15 T H 15 15 TO F EB . 5TH 15 16 A D .
a . R e6ell ion f c c nief s i n G na z ni .
N as i r M i rz a d i e d s ho rt ly a ft e r ( da r hu m an ayy am ) his re t u rn
t o G ha z n i D i s p u t e s t he n a ro s e a m o n g s t t he v a r i o u s c o m
.
m a n d e rs w ho w e re in G ha z n i S he ri m T a g hai wa s o n e o f t he m
a n d t h e m a i n s t re n g t h o f t he t u m u lt w a s g iv e n by t he Mu g h ii ls .
M a n y o t he rs w e re ho we ve r i n vo lv e d in it e ve n s u c h a n o ld ,
s e rv a n t a s B ab a o f Pa s h ag h a r t a ki n g p a r t ( f 2 34 6 ; T R p . . . .
H a id a r d id n o t k n o w p re c i s e ly t he c a u s e o f t he di s p u t e o r s he w ,
25
364 T R AN S LAT O R S N OT E ’
w hy it s ho u ld ha v e t u rn e d a g a i n s t B ab u r s i n c e he a t t rib u t e s ,
it t o p o s se s s i o n t a k e n by S a t a n o f t he b ra i n s o f t he c h i e fs a n d
a c o n se ue q n t a c c e s s o f v a i n -
g l o r y a n d wi c k e d n e s s P o s s ibly .
s o m e q u e s ti o n o f s u c c e s s i o n t o N as i r a ro s e D o s t Be g d is
fl
.
t in g u is he d h i m se l f in t he re g u l a r b a t t l e whi c h e n s u e d ; Q as i m
- a li h u rr i e d d o w n fro m
B eg s so n Q b Q
‘
m i d fi z a n d a l s o did
’
a a r - a n
h is g o o d p a r t t o w in i t fo r B ab u r M a n y o f t he r i o t e rs we re .
kill e d o t he rs e d t o K as hg ha r She ri m T a g h ai wa s o n e o f t he
,
.
l a tt e r ; a s S a i d K han g a v e him n o w e l c o m e he c o u ld n o t s t a y
‘
t he re ; he fe ll b a c k o n t he m u c h i n j u re d B ab u r w ho s a y s ,
H a id a r s ho w e d him his u s u a l b e n e v o l e n c e t u rn e d his e y e s fro m

, ,
h is o ffe n c e s a n d l o o k e d o n ly a t h is p a s t s e r vi c e s u n til he d i e d
s ho r tly a ft e rw a r d s ( T R p 3 5 7 )
I
. . . .
9 22 A H -F E B 15 16
. . 5TH To J AN . 24 T H 15 17 AD .
T h i s y e a r m ay ha ve b e e n s p e n t in a n d n e a r K ab u l in t he
q u i e t p ro m o t e d by t he d i s p e r s i o n o f t he M u g hal s .
In t h i s y e a r w a s b o rn B ab u r s s o n M u h a m m a d k n o w n a s
’
A s lea r z fro m h is b e i n g b o rn in c a m p H e wa s t he s o n o f
‘ ‘
G u lru kh B eg oni /e a n d fu ll -b ro t he r o f K am ran .
9 23 A H .
—
J AN . 24 T H 15 17 To J AN . I 3T H 15 18 A D .
a . B a6u r v is it s Ha l 6 6 / .
K hw an d -a m i r is t he t ho rity fo r t he l it t l e t ha t is k n o w n o f
au
B ab u r s a c ti o n in t h i s y e a r ( H S iii 36 7 et s eq ) I t is c o n n e c t e d
’
. .
, .
wit h t he d o i n g s o f B a di u z z a m an B ai qa r a s s o n M u h a m m a d -i
- -
‘ ’ ’
z a m an T h i s M i rz a ha d ha d g re a t w a n d e r i n g s d u r i n g a p a r t
.
,
o f w h i c h K hw an d -a m i r w a s wit h h im In 9 2 0 A H he w a s in . .
S hah I s m a i l s se rvi c e a n d in B a lk h b u t w a s n o t a bl e t o k e e p it
‘ ’
, .
B ab u r i n vi t e d h im t o K ab u l t he d a t e o f i n vit a ti o n will ha ve ,
—
b e e n l a t e r t he re fo re t ha n B ab u r s ret u rn t he re a t t he e n d o f ’
fl
9 20 A H T he M i rz a w a s o n h is w a y b u t w a s d i s s u a d e d fr o m
.
g o i n g i n t o K ab u l by M a h d i K h w aj a a n d we n t i n st e a d i n t o
O e o f t he m t i
1
n s m ed i t hi u i ( T R p 2 5 7 ) w s Sl Q l i fi u aq
n ee r na as n s a a r . . . a . u c n ,
a ci m st
rc u c tt ti g tt
an ti by it s b i g o t h ca o f t h l
e a ra c n a en on i th ear n n e u se e a cu n ae n e
B a6 - am ur n in m h B ab
a, w it i g t th
as uc d f hi l if
as xp ( f 6 5 ) hi
u r, r n a e en o s e, e r e sse s . s
int t i n t o t e ll f t h i m
en o f t e m isd ee d s
o Th e m i d e ds m y h v be l
s an s
’
u ur . es s e a a e e n a so
a t Hi a sd in t h
r an tt k th e m d e Bab
a ; th y ace k w f m H id er to a e on ur e ar no n ro a ar
h v b
a e d o t G h i b t h t im f ll w it hi t his p e t g p H e it is c l
ee n ne a az n o es a n r se n a . nce ea r
t h t Bab
a m e t t o w it e o f t h e ve n t s f ll i g i t he g p f 9 14 A H
ur an r nw ds
e a n n a o . o ar .
366 T R A N S LAT O R S N O T E ’
t ha t ti m e w a s m a rr i e d t o K ha l i fa
ht b ( Ro se
d G l
’
s aug er u - a rg
l e a f) . H is re t u rn t o Q a n d a har wil l h a v e t a k e n pl a c e s ho rtly

be fo re B ab u r s c a m p a i g n o f 9 2 6 A H a g a i n s t it a r e n e w e d e ffo rt
’
.
,
w hi c h re s u lt e d in p o s s e s s i o n o n S ha ww al 1 3 th 9 2 8 A H ( S e p 6 t h . .
1522
In t h i s ye a r be ga n p a i g n in t he n o rth -e a s t t e rr it o ri e s
t he cam
o f K ab u l a n a c c o u n t o f whi c h is c a rr i e d o n in t he d i a ry o f
,
9 5
2 A H I t w.o u ld s e e m t h a t in t h e p r e s e n t y e a r C h a g h an -s a rai
w as c a pt u re d a n d a l s o t he fo rt re s s a t t he he a d o f t he v a l l e y o f
,
B ab a-q a ra b e l o n g i n g t o H a id a r -i-a li B aja u r i ( f

,
‘
.
Mir Ma ‘
sfi m s
’
T ar i kli -i -s i n d is
'
t he c hie f yf
a u t h o r it or Bab u r
’
s a c t io n a ft er
g
9 13 A H a a in s t Shah B eg in
. Q d
a n a har ; it s t ra n s a t io n , a e in l m d 18 4 6 by M j M le t
a or a ,
s he ws so m e m an ife s t wro n ly
a t es gd
t he a e a r a s o in t he E M
y pp l . . MS o f t h e wo k
. r
2
f 2 166 a n d n o t e t o
. on a
”
M dy .
9 25 AH ~
— J A
N . . SE T) TO D EC . 23 m) 15 19 AD .
I
(a . B a6u r t a 6 es t 6 e f or t o f B aja u r .
)
3 d )(f a n
O n M o n d ay .t he fi rs t d ay o f t he m o n t h
r
2
of
M u ha rra m t he re w a s a vi o l e n t e a rt hq u a k e in t he l o w e r p a r t
, of
t he d a l e (ju lg a ) o f C ha n d aw a l 3 w h i c h l a s t e d n e a r ly h a l f a n ,
a s t r o n o m i c a l ho u r .
( f a n 4 t a) M a rc h i n g a t d a w n fro m t ha t c a m p wit h t he
.
i n t e n ti o n o f a t t a c ki n g t he fo r t o f B aja u r 4 w e d i s m o u n t e d n e a r ,
it a n d s e n t a t ru s ty m a n o f t he D il a z ak 5 A fg han s t o a dvi se it s
E lp h MS f 1 736 ; -i-B W
2 15 f 1 78 a n d 2 1 7 f 14 9 ; em s 246 T he M p
fl
. . . . . . . . . .
l j y l dd
wh o e o f t he H i ra e a r is in c u e in 1 5 19 A D ( Er s in e ) k W llh a t fo o ws h e re an d . .
c om pl
e t e s t he Kb l - d y l l v
a u s e c t io n o f t h e B a 6u r n am a is a ia r o f a itt e o er 1 3 m o n t hs
’
’
l e n gt h , s u em e n t e ppl d by l
m at t e r o f a t e r e n t r y p d
T h e r o u c t ha s t he c ha ra c t e r o f .
a d
ra ft , a wa it in g v
r e is io n t o ha r m o n iz e it in s t yl
e a n d, p ly
a rt p
, in t o ic wit h t he c o m
p o se d
n a r r a t i e t ha t v
rea s o b k d
u n e r 9 14 A H d y
'
y
fo r t h e ia r , writ t e n so m e 1 1 ea rs .
l
e ar ie r t ha n t ha t c o m o s e p d
n a r ra t i e , v v
a r ie s , a s it w o u ld x d v
b e e p e c t e ap r i or i t o a r , y
yl p l d d
in st e a n d t o ic fro m t he t e rse , u c i a n d i io m a t ic o u t u t o f Bahu t s it e ra r p l ’
y
m a t u rit y g d y b d p v l
A o o m a n o sc u r e w o r s a n d h ra s e s in it , se e ra n e w fr o m Bab u r s
.
’
p e n , ha e O v o se pp d d ly b
iffi c u t t o sc r i es a n d t ra n s a t o rs l I g
n t e re s t in a s su ch m i n u t i a e .
a r e t o a c o se o s e r e r o f l b v T k
u r i a n d o f Bab u r s
’
d l
ict io n , co m m e n t o n a ll wo u d b e
d
t e io u s ; a fe w w i b e fo u n ll d d
n o t e , a s a so wi l ll
s u ch d l fix
e t a i s as d t he at e o f e n tr y
fo r s u ppl
e m en t a r m a tt e r y .
H e re Mr E rs in e n o t e s t ha t D r L e e n s t ran s a t io n e in s a a in it r o e o ff
k yd l bg g b k
2 ’
. .
o n f 18 0 6, a n d
. na fi lly d
e n s o n f 2 2 36 . .
3 T
his n a m e is o ft e n fo u n d l
t ra n s it e ra t e d
as C d l
ha n u o r [m o d ] J an du l b u t t he .
H a i MS s u . pp ’
p
o r t s R a v e r t y s o in io n t ha t
. C d l
ha n awa is c o rre c t .
y
T he ea r 9 2 5 A H o e n s wit h Ba u r fa r fro mp . b Kb l
a u a n d eas t o f t h e K hab r (fo rt )
b
h e is a o u t t o a t t a c k g ll
Af h an an d o t he r so u rc e s a o w su rm ise o f h is r o u t e t o t ha t
.
p o s it io n ; v
h e m a y ha e c o m e o wn in t o t h e d C d l v ll y fi
ha n awa - a e , k
rs t , fro m ta in g
C hag han -sa rai ( f 12 4 , f 1 34 a n d . an d , s e c o n
. dly
, k g g
fr o m t a in t he G ib ri st ron h o ld
o f Ha i a r - d d d
i-a li B aja u r i which s t o o a t t h e h e a o f t h e Ba a a r a- a e
‘ ‘
b Q v ll y l T he a t t e r .
s u rm ise is su o rte pp d by l g l
the ro m a n t ic t a e s o f A f h an c hro n ic e rs whic h a t t his a t e d ‘
b g in t o his t o r Bab u r s Af h an wife , Bi i Mu b ara ka (f 2 2 0 6 a n d n o t e ;

y g b M
’
rin em s . .
p . 2 50 n ; a n d A . en i pp d x K
, A n Af g lz an leg en d ) ( b vd
It m u s t b e o s e r e
'
h e re t ha t .
’
R s N ot es (
. pp . g
1 1 7, 1 2 8 ) c o n fu se t h e t wo s ie e s , v iz o f t h e G ib ri fo r t in 9 2 4 A H a n d . .
o f t he K ha hr o f Baj a u r in 9 2 5 A H ) .
4 R a v ert ly
y a s s t r e s s o n t h e c ir c u m st an c e t ha t t he fo rt Ba u r n o w a t t a c s ha s n e e r b k v
b een k
n o wn as Baj a u r , b u t a wa s s im as l y ply
ha r , t h e fo rt ( t h e A ra ic n am e fo r t h e K b b
pl ace b
e in , h e sa s , g a in y pl
u st a s t he m a in s t re a m is c a e j s im R ad ll d ply
( t h e t o rr en t ) T he n a m e . K
ha b r is s t i u s e , a s m o e rn m a s sh e w ll d
h ere a r e d p . T
d d
in e e t w o n e i h o u rin a ce s g b n o w n s im g pl as k ply K
ha b r ( o r t ), i e o n e a t t h e m o u t h F . .
o f t he Mahm an d a e - ”
v ll y
o f m o e r n ca m a i n s , t he o t h e r n e ar t h e d p g
a a an M lk d
F ’
( in ca s t le s m a p ) .
5 his wo r t h e H a i MS writ es, p a ss i m ,

T d . i a h -z ak
. Dl .
K AB U L
p e o pl e t o t a k e u p a p o s iti o n o f s e rvi c e ( gu llug) a n d

'
l t an and
I
su
s u rre n d e r t he fo r t N o t a c c e pti n g t h i s c o u n s e l t ha t s t u pid a n d

.
,
il l fa t e d b a n d s e n t b a c k
- a w a s h r -
ild n we r w e e u p o n t he a rm y ,
w a s o rd e re d t o m a k e re a dy m a n t e l e t s l a dd e rs a n d o t he r ,
a ppli a n c e s fo r t a ki n g a fo r t F o r t h i s p u rp o s e a d a y s ( j a n 5 t 6 )
’
. .
h a l t w a s m a d e o n t ha t s a m e g r o u n d .
( f a n on ) O n T hu rs d a y t he 4 t h o f M u h a rra m o rd e rs w e re
.
,
iv t h t h m y h ld o n m a il a r m a n d g e t t o ho r s e ;
2
g e n a t e a r s o u p u t ,
t ha t t he l e ft wi n g s ho u ld m o v e s wi ft ly t o t he u pp e r s id e o f t he
fo rt c ro s s t he w a t e r a t t he w a t e r-e n t ry 3 a n d d i s m o u n t o n t he
, ,
n o rth s id e o f t he fo r t ; th a t t he c e n t re n o t t a ki n g t he w a y ,
a c ro s s t he w a t e r s ho u ld d i s m o u n t in t he r o u g h u -a n d-d o w n
, p ,
l a n d t o t he n o rt h w e s t o f t he fo rt ; a n d t ha t t he r i g ht s h o u ld
-
d i s m o u n t t o t he w e s t o f t he l o w e r g a t e W h il e t he b e g s o f t he .
l e ft u n d e r D o s t B e g w e re d i s m o u n ti n g a ft e r c ro s s i n g t he w a t e r , ,
a h u n d re d t o a hu n d re d a n d fi ft y m e n o n fo o t c a m e o u t o f t he
fo rt s ho o ti n g a rr o w s
,
T he b e g s s h o o ti n g in t he i r t u r n
.
, ,
a dv a n c e d till th e y h a d fo r c e d t h o s e m e n b a c k t o t he fo o t o f t he
r a m p a r t s M u l l a A bd u l -m a lfi k o f K hw as t lik e a m a d m a n 4 g o i n
‘ ’
, g , ,
u p r i ht u n d e r t he m o n h is ho rs e T h e r e a n d t h e n t h e fo t
g r .
w o u ld h a ve b ee n t a k e n if t he l a dd e rs a n d m a n t e l e t s ha d be e n
r e a dy a n d if it ha d n o t b e e n s o l a t e in t he d a M u ll a Ti r ik
, y .
i-a li 5 a n d a s e rv a n t o f T i n g ri -bi r d i c ro s s e d s w o rd s with t he

‘
e ne m y ; e a c h o v e rc a m e h is m a n c u t o ff a n d b ro u g h t in his ,
he a d fo r t h i s e a c h w a s p ro m i s e d a re w a r d .
A s t he B aja u ri s ha d n e v e r b e fo re s e e n m a t c h l o c k s ( t uf a ng )
t he y a t fi rs t t o o k n o c a re a b o u t t he m i n d e e d t he y m a d e fu n ,
w he n t he y h e a rd t he re p o r t a n d a n s w e re d it by u n s e e m ly
E it he r H a i d -‘
a r i a li l
h im s e f o r his n e he w , t h e a tt e r m o r e ro a
- p , s in c e n o l p b bly
n a m e is m e n t io n e d .
2
k g
Lo o in a t t he o s it io n a ss i n e p g d by p K
m a s t o h ab r , in t h e d a -a6 o f t he C ha rm an ga
wa t e r a n d t he R i d o f Baja u r , it m a y b e t ha t Bab u r s e ft m o e
’
a on t he e a s t a n l vd l g b k
o f t h e fi rs t - n am e d
s t re a m a n d c ro sse d
it in t o t he da -a6, wh i e h is c e n t re w e n t ir e c t l d
p l g
t o it s o st , a o n t h e west s i e o f t h e fo r t d .
3 s iZ p
t o in t e r r e t whic h n e e s o c a now e e d l l k l dg
it m i h t m ea n wh e re wa t e r g
e n t e re d t he fo rt , o r w he re w a t e r is e m o u e d b g d
fro m n a rr o ws , o r, e rha s , wh e re p p
d
wa t e r is e n t e re fo r a fo r d v b
(T he e r 6 17 772456 o cc u rs o n f 1 5 4 6 a n d f 2 2 7 t o es c ri e
. . . d b
wa t e r c o m in gd
o w n in s a t e ) p .
4 di w an a w ar
, e r ha s a
'
p p j
es t On a s o riq u e t e a r n e b
e fo r e t h is e o it , e rha s t he db xpl p p
’
l b
ca u se o f t he m a n s a t e r s o r i u e t di w an a ( f
q .
Tx
5 e t , t : r :k, r e a d by k
E rs ine a n d de C o u r t e ille a s ur ; it m i h t h o we e r b e T k g v
a T k u r i c o m o n e n t in p - -‘
- ‘
M
J an i a li o r uh i i a li ( C f Ze n e r s n t i r ia )
- bb . . k . . .
K AB U L
and t he re b u s y wi t h fi g ht a n d bl o w A t t he p o s t o f t he
wa s .
c e n t re Mu h A li f gf d hi y b h N
‘
- n e t -ro z I
,
a n . a n
g a n s o u g r ro e r a u
t u e a c h by a d i ffe re n t l a dd e r a n d m a d e l a n c e a n d s w o r d t o
g o p , ,
t ouch B ab a t he w a i t i n g m a n
.
g e tti n g pu by a n o t he r
l a dd e r o c c u pi e d h i m s e l n b e ki g d
,
f i r a n o w n t he o rt w a l l wit h h is
f -
Fol . 2 18 . ax e . M o s t o f o u r b ra v e s w e n t w e ll fo rw a rd s ho o ti n g o ff d e n se ,
fli g ht s o f a rro w s a n d n o t l e tti n g t he e n e m y p u t o u t a he a d ;
o t he rs m a d e t he m s e lv e s d e s p e ra t e ly b u s y in b re a c h i n g a n d
p u lli n g d o w n t he fo r t c a r i n g n a u g ht fo r t he e n e m y s fi g ht a n d ,
’
bl o w g ivi n g n o e y e t o his a r ro w s a n d s t o n e s By b re a k fa s t -ti m e

,
.
B m h d d m i d d b h d h
’
D os t e g s e n a u n e r n e a n re a c e t e n o r t h - e a s t e rn
t o we r g o t in a n d p u t t he fo e t o fli g ht T he m e n o f t he ce n t re
,
.
o t in u p t he l a dd e rs by t h e s a m e t i m e b u t t ho s e ( a iZ l ) o t he rs
g ,
w e re fi rs t ( a w w a l ? ) in By t he fa v o u r a n d pl e a s u re o f t he 2
.
H i g h G o d thi s s t ro n g a n d m i g h ty fo r t wa s t a k e n in t w o o r
,
t hre e a s t ro n o m i c a l ho u rs ! M a t c h i n g t he fo r t w e re t he u tt e r
s t r u gg l e a n d e ffo r t o f o u r b ra v e s ; d i s ti n g u i s h t he m s e lv e s t he y
d id a n d w o n t he n a m e a n d fa m e o f he ro e s
,
.
A s t he B aja u ri s w e re re be l s a n d a t e n m ity w ith t he p e o pl e

o f I s l am a n d a s by r e a s o n o f t he h e a th e n i s h a n d h o s til e c u s t o m s
, ,
p re va il i n g in t he i r m id s t t he v e ry n a m e o f I s l am w a s ro o t e d o u t ,
fro m t he i r t r ib e t he y w e re p u t t o g e n e ra l m a s s a c re a n d t he i r
,
wiv e s a n d c h ild re n w e re m a d e c a ptiv e A t a g u e s s m o re t ha n .
3 00 m e n w e n t t o t he i r d e a t h a s t he fi g ht d id n o t r e a c h t o t he
0
e a s t e rn s id e o f t he fo r t a fe w o t w y t h
g a a e r e , .
T he fo r t t a k e n we e n t e re d a n d i n s p e c t e d it , O n t he w a ll s .
,
in ho u s e s s t re e t s a n d a ll e y s t he d e a d la y in w ha t n u m b e rs !
, , ,
C o m e rs a n d g o e rs t o a n d fro w e re p a s s i n g o ve r t he b o d i e s .
2 18 6 R e t u rn i n g fro m o u r i n s p e c ti o n w e s a t d o w n in t he B aja u r
’
Fol . .
,
s u l t an s r e s id e n c e T he c o u n t ry o f Baja u r w e b e s t o w e d o n
’
.
K hw aj a K a l an 3 a s s i g n i n g a l a rg e n u m b e r o f b ra v e s t o re i n fo rce
,
h im . A t t he E v e n i n g P ra y e r w e w e n t b ac k t o c a m p .
Th is so b iq t m ight m r ue ev e fi g ht or gl -b g l
e an b ass r a er an ar e ar er or a r
s hill i g ( Z k e )
n (
en if w it t
r e ,j g j g ) t h t t he m
i -i
or r w vi g d l ike t he b d d
n n n a an as sa e ea r e
re e d i g ( S lly i Sh w V ca b l y ) T he T 6 o t -i - k6 i c l d es M i k Kh a
n cu n a
’
s o u ar . a a a
’
a a ri
'
n u a ra n
f g f g i it s l i t f A kb
an - an n C mm d s
s o ar s
’
o an er .
2
g l i l -
dui ( w w l )
n fi lag ga l -
gl a l i ot i a I s ggest t s pply w w l fi st n
r za n
'
ia c z . u o u a a ,
r , o
th w s l t t t e m e t ( f 2 3 4 6 ) t h t D os t w s fi t i
’
e t f Bab
a r ra n o ur a er s a n . a a rs n .
f M la a M h S d f t he h ie f m n f U m -h ikh M s
’
H w
‘
3 e s as a on o au n u a r, on o ar s a
e . o c e .
C t h h d si b t h s a ll f wh m sp t t he i l ive i Bab
o ur e a x ro er , e vice t
o wh m o en r s n
’
ur s s r , o o ,
if w m y b e l i ve A b i l -f z l t h ey w e d i t n t ly e l t d ( E k i )
’
e a e i a , er s a r a e rs ne .
9 25 A IL — JAN . 3RD To DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
37 1
( 6 Mov em en t s in B aja u r )
. .
( ja n 8 t 6 ) M a rc h i n g a t d a w n ( Mu h 6 t h ) w e d i s m o u n t e d b y
. .
,
t he sp r in g o f B ab a Q a r a in t he d a l e o f B aj
I
au r A t K hw aj a .
’
K a l an s re q u e s t t he p r i s o n e rs re m a i n i n g w e re p a rd o n e d t he i r
o ffe n c e s r e u n i t e d t o t h e i r w iv e s a n d c h ild re n a n d iv e n l e a v e t o
, g ,
g o b,u t s e v e r a l s u l t an s a n d o f t he m o s t s t u bb o rn w e re m a d e t o
r e a c h t he i r d o o m o f d e a t h S o m e he a d s o f s u l t an s a n d o f o t he rs
.
we re s e n t t o K ab u l w i t h t he n e w s o f s u c c e s s ; s o m e a l s o t o
B a d a k hs han Q an d fi z a n d B a lk h w it h t he l e t t e rs -o f-vi c t o ry
, .
S hah M a n s ar Yzi s uf -z aa he w a s w i t h u s a s a n e n vo y fro m w
h is t r ib e — w a s a n e y e -w i t n e s s o f t he vi c t o ry a n d g e n e ra l
2
W
,
m a s s a c re e a ll o w e d h im t o l e a v e a ft e r p u t ti n g a c o a t ( t an )
.
o n h im a n d a ft e r w r i t i n o d e r s w it h t h re a t s t o t h e Y as u f-z ai
g r .
( f a n [ I t /t ) Wi t h m i n d e a s y a b o u t t he i m p o rt a n t a ff a i rs o f
.
t he B aja u r fo r t w e m a r c he d o n T u e s d a y t he 9 t h o f M u h a rra m
, , ,
o n e au r on ( 2 m ) d o w n t he d a l e o f B a a u r a n d o rd e re d th a t a
.
j
t o w e r o f he a d s s ho u ld b e s e t u p o n t he r i s i n g -g ro u n d .
( ja n 1 2 t 6 ) O n W e d n e s d a y t he l o t h o f M u ha rra m w e ro d e
.
,
o u t t o vi s i t t he B a a u r fo r t Th wi -p a r ty in K hw aj a
j e r e w a s a n e .
K a l an s ho u s e 3 s e ve ra l g o a t -s ki n s o f w i n e ha vi n g be e n b ro u g ht
’
b
Ba u r n o w r e t u rn s t o wa r s t h e e a s t , o wn t he R ad d d
T he c /z a s lz m a whic h he
. by
pd
e n ca m e , w o u ld
s e e m t o b e n e a r t h e m o u t h o f t he a e v ll y
o f Ba a Q a ra, o n e 30 m i e s b l
l g
on ; it m a y ha e v b
ee n , an gl p g
ic e, a s rin [n o t t ha t o f t he m a in s t r ea m o f t he o n l g
v ll y
a e ] , b u t t he w o r m ay b e u se d d
a s it s e e m s t o b e o f t h e w a t e r su in t h e pply g
g
B a h -i-sa fa ( f d . i e tofi d bl g
e n o t e t he
. . g pl ll
r s t c o n s i e ra e a t h e rin - a c e o f s m a
d
h e a -wa t e rs ll b vd l v ll y
I t w i b e o s e r e a fe w in e s fu r t h e r o n t ha t t his sa m e a e s ee m s
.
by K j K
t o be m ea n t h wa a hiz r
2
ll v j d b p v
H e wi ha e o in e B a u r re io u s t oM u ha rra m 9 2 5 A H .
T3 fi v b b k M l
his s ta t e m e n t , t he rst w e ha e , t ha t B a u r ha s r o e n g u sa m an L a w a a ins t
l
s t im u a n t s ( f 4 9 a n d . ll d by y
is fo o w e xpl j g d
m a n o t h e r s m o re e ic it , o t t in own
d k
w he r e a n d w ha t a n d s o m e t im e s why h e ra n , in a wa y wh ic h a rres t s a t t e n t io n a n d
k xpl
a s s so m e o t h e r e b d d vv l y
a n a t io n t ha n t ha t it is a n u n a a sh e re c o r o f c o n i ia it such
v bly
c o ncei a M l g b
as a n o n - u sa m an m i h t w r it e y B a u r is n o w 3 7 ea rs o ld ; he ha d
.
byd
o e e ll p
t he La w t i ly d
a st e a r d
m a n ho o bd
h e w is he t o r e t u rn t o o e ie n c e a t 4 0
ly l p by
h e fr eq u e n t m e n t io n s h is a s e s d l d
a wo r wh ic h c a n b e t ra n s a t e a s c o m m it m e n t
o f s in g d by y
(i r t oa6 ) o n e a t h e rs t ha t h e did n o t a t a n y t im e iso e wit h e a s c o n sc ie n c e
'
D xpl
o e s it e g l d d
a in his s in u a r r e c o r , g
— lv ld
o n e m a e in w ha t a m o n s t o u rse e s wo u be
g d d
re a r e p v d y
as a ri at e d by
ia r , —t ha t h is s in s w e r e c re a t e b l Law H a d h e a a an ce
g
o f r e p a ra t io n in h is t h o u ht s ?
D g
e t a c h in p l x d
in t o t he ir s e a ra t e c a ss as e c e sses , a ll his in s t an c e s o f c o n fes s e
d k d
r u n e n n ess , t he r e r e m a in s m u c h in his re c o r ~ whic h , s e e n fr o m a n o n Mu sa lm an
p v
o in t o f v l
ie w , is e n ia pp
e g his su 6ulz z a . g. e a rs t o b e t h e
“ m o rn in
' ”
o f t he S c o t ,
t h e Morg en -t r u n k o f t he
T eu t o n ; p lly
h is a ft e rn o o n c u p , in t he o e n a ir u s u a , m ay
v b b gl
ha e e e n n o wo rs e t ha n t h e so e r b l l ass o f d C l
e e r o r o c a w in e o f m o e r n o n t in e n t a
p M y
E u ro e . an l l d l d
o f t he se eg a s in s o f h is re c o r dy l g d ’
we r e in t e r u e s in t h e a s o n r i e ,
p p
s t irru - p d
c u s so m e o f t h e m , a ll in a p y l v y M y
e r io o f s t re n u o u s h s ic a a c t i it an o f h is .
K AB U L
d o w n by K afi rs
i g hb o u r i n g o n B ajau r A ll wi n e a n d fr u i t
ne .
ha d in Baja u r c o m e s fro m a d j a c e n t p a rt s o f K afi ris t an

W
.
( f a n 1 3 t h) e s p e n t t he n i g h t t he r e a n d a ft e r i n s p e c ti n g t he
.
t o w e rs a n d r a m p a r t s o f t he fo r t e a r ly in t he m o rn i n g ( Mu h 1 1th ) .
,
I m o u n te d a n d we n t b a c k t o c a m p .
a n 1 4 t 6 ) M a rc h i n g a t d a w n ( Mu h i 2 t h ) we d i s m o u n t e d o n
(f . .
,
t he b a n k o f t he K hw aj a K h i z r t o rre n t
‘
.
(f a n 1 5 t h) M a r c h i n
.
g t h e n c e w e d i s m o u n t e d ( M u h 1 3 t h ) o n , .
t he b a n k o f t he C ha n d aw a l t o rre n t H e re a ll t ho s e i n s c r ib e d in .
t he B aja u r re i n fo r c e m e n t w e re o r d e re d t o l e a v e , .
(f a n 1 6 t 6 ) O n S u
. n d a y t h e 1 4 t h o f M u h a rr a m a s t a n d a r d w a s ,
b e s t o we d o n K hw aj a K a l an a n d l e a v e g iv e n h im fo r B aja u r .
A fe w d a y s a ft e r I h a d le t him g o t he fo ll o wi n g l ittl e v e rs e ,
ha vi n g c o m e i n t o m y he a d it w a s w r i t t e n d o w n a n d s e n t t o ,
him ' 2
p
N o t s u c h t he a c t an d a r a in b e t wi t m y fr ie n a n d m e , b g x d
l g
A t e n th t h e t o o t h o f a rt in , u n p a c t e d rie f fo r m e p g g
g p
A a ins t c a r ic e o f o rt u n e , wha t w e a o n s F
a rm t h e m a n ? p
A t e n th l g by
fo rc e o f a r m s (6a ja u r ) m y fr ie n is s n a t c h e fro m m e d d
(f 9 )
W e d n e s d a y t he On M u ha rra m S l A la u d ‘
an . 1 t 6 17t h o f , .
di n o f S a w ad t he r iv a l , of Sl . W a i s o f S a w ad 3 c a m e ,
a n d wa i t e d o n m e .
re c o rds e c ll e ct iv ar d e ph od im p e l ly ; t hey m e t i t h t t he e w s
e an ar ra s e rso n a n on a r a
d i ki g d u k en s v b u t t h ey giv d t il s s m t im suc h as n ly s b er
r n n ,
r n n es e en , e e a o e es o a o
o b v c ou ld i l de
se r er nc u .
Bab m ur n af w me s d k d es a f w e ti e ly b d i t m st o f h s m en
n a ru n ar s, a e as n re o e en o i
see m t t h v
no b y d t h L w d m y h ve be e t m p t d i k
o a e o e e th y
e a an a a n e e ra e r n e rs e
e ff c t d w k Bab
e e m n gst t h e m whi h h b it
or ,
ld k d
ur a ld t h v m
o , c a ua ru n ar s cou no a e co
p ssed Spit f ll h w it f his w t e x

a . e o it m t b e j s t t
a e em m b
r hies o o rs c e s se s , us u o r e er s
M sa l m a
u s i e d ls t h d i t o t i g p we
n c o n c enc f fi c t it io s si Th gh he
, an a o e s r n o r o a u n . ou
b ok e t h l w b i d i g ll m
r e a g i t ex d t hi
n n v l n f s ed o cca si
a en a a ns c e ss , a n s o n se e ra co e s o n s,
hi l m yh v b
s ru e a w th th t f th
a e d i ily t m p t We st e n I t
een no o rse an a o e or na r e e ra e r .
cann o t b t l ight j d gm e t t h t hi
u d d l pse f m L w w e ft p o m pt e d
en u n a s re c o r e a s ro a er o en r
by t h b ty d pl d o u o f N t e w c m m it t e d m id t t h f ll i g pet l s f
e o un an s en r a ur e re o a s e a n a O
f it -bl o ss m t h fl min g fi e o f
ru o t mn l
,
v w h t h e ye e t d o t h e g l w a
e a r au u ea es, e re e r s e n ar z n
or th o e ge g ov t h c l
ra n d h v t of c r vi
e, e o o u re ar es o rn o r ne .
As M E ki e b
I
r v t he
. ms t be
rs n v ll y x c ept t h t f Baba Q a
o se r es, r e se e o no a e e a o ar ,
b t ween t h Kh b d t h Ch daw l -v ll y K hwaj K hi a d Baba Q a

e e a r an e an a a e a z r n ar
”
m y ba d th
e one an m v ll ey e sa e a .
Tim e d i g ity wo ld b e e d d t b i g ove i t o E gl i h ll t he q ip f

2
an n enu u n e e o r n r n n s a u s o
t hi v s T h e m s t o bvio s p
e rs e . is f th t o B j t h e c m p ll i g
u un , o c o u rse , a on a au r a s o e n
c a use (6 j ) f t he p t i g ; t he s m y b m e t o g i d
a au r o d g id
ar n id o r a e an n uz an az , o n sa z
an d fia c Th v ra w ld p ovid e t h e h l id y m e m e t
. e e rse f e x t c t i g f m it
ou r o a a us n o ra n ro
tw j o t ifi bl e t
us l t io a ra n s a ns .
Hi p
3 si
s xt e d d f o m t he rive r o f S wad t o Ba m i l he was e xp lle d
o sse s on s e n e r a ra i a e
f m t he m by t h e Y a f- ai ( E sk i e )
ro su z r n .
K AB U L
Sl . Wais S a w ad t he re wa s l a id o n t he K a h raj p e o pl e a n
of
i m p o s t o f 4 00 0 a s s -l o a d s o f r i c e fo r t he u s e o f t he a r m y a n d he ,
h i m s e l f w a s s e n t t o c o ll e c t it N e v e r b e fo re ha d t ho se r u d e .
m o u n t a i n e e rs b o rn e s u c h a b u r d e n ; t he y c o u ld n o t g iv e ( a ll)
t he g ra i n a n d w e r e b r o u g h t t o r u i n .
( cc . R a id on P j
a n -lezi r a ).
(f an 25 t6 ) On M T u e s d ay t h e 2 3 rd
u h a rra m a n a r m y wa s of
fl
.
s e n t u n d e r H i n d a B e g t o r a id P a n j -k ara P a n j -kii ra l i e s m o re
‘
Fo l . 2 20 . .
I
t ha n h a l f w a y u p t h e m o u n t a i n
- t o r e a c h it s vill a g e s a p e rs o n
m u s t g o fo r n e a r ly a lau r oa ( 2 t hr o u g h a p a s s T he p e o pl e .
h a d e d a n d g o t a w a y o u r m e n b ro u g h t a fe w b e a s t s o f s o rt s ,
a n d m a s s e s o f c o rn fro m th e i r h o u s e s .
( f a n z om) N e xt d a .
y ( M u h 2 4 t h )Q j g
u B e w a s p u t a t t he.
he a d o f a fo rc e a n d s e n t o u t t o r a id .
(f a n )
2 7 t 6 O n T h u rs d a y t he 2 5 t h o f t he m o n t h w e d i s m o u n t e d
.
,
a t t he vill a e o f Man di s h in t he t ro u h o f t he K a hraj -v a ll e y fo r

g g , ,
t he p u r p o s e o f g e tti n g c o r n fo r t he a r m y .
( d Manim s a do -
il dar s u n 6or n child )
’
f D
’
.
p t ion o .
( [ S v ra l c hild re n b o r n o f H u m ay fi n s m o t he r ha d
’
an e e
.
n o t l iv e d H i n d -a] w a s n o t y e t b o rn
. W h il e we w e re in t ho se .
2
“
p a rt s c a m e a l e t t e r fro m M ahi m in w h i c h s he w r o t e W he t he r
, ,
it b e a b o y w he t he r it b e a g i r l is m y l u c k a n d c ha n c e ; g iv e
, ,
”
it t o m e I will d e c l a re it m y c hild a n d will t a k e c ha rg e o f it .
O n F r id a y t he 2 6 t h o f t he m o n t h w e b e i n g s til l o n t h a t g ro u n d , ,
Y as u f-i-a li t he s ti rru p -ho ld e r w a s s e n t o ff t o K ab u l wit h l e tt e rs 3

‘
b e s t o wi n g H i n d -a] n o t y e t bo rn o n M ahi m , ,
.
Th dly y l eve l gr di l P j ( R 5 N t p 19 3 )
’
1
e re is ha r an o un n the c e ft o f t he an -
k ii ra . o es .
t he vill g a es a re p h d high o
e rc e n t he si d es of the v lley T he p s l e d i g t o t he m
a . a s a n
m ay b e K a t go la ( F in ca s t le s Ma p ) ’
.
2
T ly d xpld
his a c c o u n t o f H in al s a o t io n is s u ffi c ie n t
- ’
d p
c o n fu se to e a in why a n o t e ,
d pp
ma e a ly by
a re n t ld v b pp d d
H u m ayfi n , sh o u pp d x
ha e ee n a en e t o it ( A en i L , On
-
H i n d al s a dop t ion )
’
d d b
T he c o n fu s io n r e m in s t h e r e a e r t ha t he ha s e fo re him a s o rt
.
d ly d y j
o f m e m o ra n um o n g ,
ll v bb v d xp d
ia r o t t in s , a p t t o b e a u s i e a n d a re ia t e T he e e cte .
c hild d M -
wa s D il ar s
’
g g p pl kd gv
ahi m , u s in h e r ri ht a s rin c i a wife , as e fo r it t o b e i e n
T
t o he r bb ll d d l p
ha t t h e a e in q u e s t io n is h e re c a e H in -a! sh e ws t ha t a t eas t a rt o f
.
d p dd d b
t his a c c o u n t o f h is a o t io n w a s a e g a ft e r t h e irt h a n d n a m in ( f .
ld
3 On e wo u d b d
b e , n o o u t , fo r D il ar s o w n in fo rm a t io n
- ’
S he t h e n h a d n o s o n .
d g g d
b u t ha d t wo a u ht e rs , G u l ra n a n d G u l c hih ra
- b- d -
N e ws o f H in al s irt h re a c he
’
.
b k l
Ba u r in Bhi ra , so m e s ix we e s a t e r ( f .
9 25 A H — .
J A N . 3RD T o DEC . 23 1m 15 19 A D .
( dd . C on s t r u c t ion of a s t on e l
p fa t or m .
)
W h il e we w e re s till o n t ha t s a m e g ro u n d in t he Man di s h
I ha d a pl a t fo rm m a d e w it h s t o n e s ( t as 6 6ila ) o n
'
c o u n t ry ,
a h e i g h t in t he m iddl e o f t he v a ll e y s o l a rg e t ha t it h e ld t he ,
t e n t s o f t he a dva n c e -c a m p A ll t he ho u s e ho ld a n d s o ldi e rs .
c a rr i e d t he s t o n e s fo r it o n e by o n e lik e a n t s , .
(e . B a6u r
’
s m a r r iag e w i t /z lt is Af g lt d n w if e, B i 6i M
In or de r to conc ili a t e
Y as u f-z ai ho rd e I h a d a s k e d fo r t he ,
a d a u g ht e r o f o n e o f m y w e ll -wi s he rs M a lik S u l a i m an S hah s ’
s o n M a l ik S hah Ma n s fi r a t t h e ti m e he c a m e t o m e a s e n v o y ,
fr o m h
t e Y a s u f-z ai A fg h an s .
I
W hil e we we re o n t h i s g ro u n d n e w s c a m e t ha t his d a u g ht e r 2
w a s o n he r w a y wit h t he Y ii s u f-z ai t r ib u t e A t t he E v e n i n g .
P r a y e r t he re w a s a wi n e -p a rty t o w h i c h S l A l a u d -di n ( o f .
‘ ’ ’
S a w ad ) wa s i n vi t e d a n d a t w h i c h he w a s g ive n a s e a t a n d
s p e c i a l d re s s o f ho n o u r ( ant i ca t -i -kaas a ) .
(f a n j o t a ) O n S u.n d a y t h e 2 8 t h w e m a rc h e d fro m t h a t ,
v a ll e y S hah Ma n s fi r s y o u n g e r b ro t he r T fi fi s ( H a n d s o m e )
.
’
K han b ro u g ht t he a b o v e -m e n t i o n e d d a u g ht e r o f his b ro t he r t o
o u r g ro u n d a ft e r w e ha d di s m o u n t e d .
(f . R ep op u la t ion o f t /z e f or t of B aja u r .
)
F o r t hev e n i e n c e o f ha vi n g t he Bi —s at p e o pl e in B aja u r
con
fo rt Y fi s u f i a li t he t a s t e r w a s s e n t fro m t hi s c a m p t o g e t t he m
’ ‘
3 -
,
o n t he m a rc h a n d t a k e t he m t o t h a t fo r t A l s o w r itt e n o rd e rs .
,
w e re d e s p a t c he d t o K ab u l t ha t t he a rm y t he re l e ft s ho u ld
j o in u s .
( F e6 at a) O n F r id a y t he 3 rd o f t he m o n t h o f S a fa r w e d is
.
,
m o u n t e d a t t he c o n fl u e n c e o f t he w a t e rs o f Baja u r a n d P a n j -k ara .
( F e6 6 t a) O n S u n.d a y t h e 5 t h o f t he m o n th w e w e n t fro m ,
t ha t g ro u n d t o B aja u r w he re t he re w a s a d r i n ki n g -p a rty in
K hw aj a K a l an s ho u s e ’
.
f 2 18 6 .
b M ba
Bi i u ra ka , g
t h e A f han i Aghac ha o f G u l - a
A n a t t ra c t i e ic t u re o f he r bd an . v p
is d by t h
ra wn e
'
Taw ar z élz -z -[z afi -i -r a 6 m a t -klz an i

'
A s t h is gi e s n o t o n
,
o ne o f . v ly
’
B ab u r s ro m an t ic a dv
e n t ur e s b u t h is t o r ic a m a tt e r , a p en it in m y hu s a n sl ’
I p d b d
t ra n s a t io n [(A
3 Bi-
l A ri .
QR
as A . en i
. p l, A n Af g /z an L eg en d
-da m a n as a 6a ti -
pp d x K .
s tZt a i li -n i ng B ajo u r - l 6a r ji /z a t i c h ara c t eris t ic

'
a i
’
a
g gr z n a
p h ra se .
K AB U L
)
'
(g . E x p edit i on g
a a i n s t t6 e Af g lu i n cl a n s .
( F e 6 8 t a) O n . T u e sd ay t he 7t h of t he m o n t h t he begs and
t he il a z ak A fg han he a d m e n w e re s u m m o n e d a n d a ft e r
D , ,
“
c o n s u l t a t i o n m a t t e r s w e re l e ft a t t h i s T he y e a r is a t it s e n d — I
, ,
o n ly a fe w d a y s o f t he F i s h a r e l e ft ; t he pl a i n s m e n h a v e c a rr i e d
in a ll t he i r c o rn if w e w e n t n o w i n t o S a w ad t he a r m y w o u ld ,
d w i n dl e t hrou g h g e t t i n g n o c o r n T he t hi n g t o d o is t o m a rc h .
l
a o ng t h e A m b a h a r a n d P a n i - m an i ro a d c ro s s t he S a w ad -w a t er ,
b v
a o e H a sh n g - a a r a n d s u r p r i s e,
t h e Y ii s u f- z ai a n d M u h a m m a d i
A fg h an s w ho a re l o c a t e d in t he pl a i n o v e r a g a i n s t t he Y as u f
z ai s a ng u r o f M ah ar a A n o t he r y e a r c o m i n g e a r li e r in t he
.
,
ha r v e s t -ti m e t he A fg h an s o f t h i s pl a c e m u s t b e o u r fi rs t
,
”
t ho u g h t S o t he m a t t e r w a s l e ft
. .
( F e 6 p )t a. N e x t d a y W e d n e s d a y w e b e s t o w e d h o rs e s a n d
, ,
‘
r o b e s o n S l W a i s a n d S ] A la u u d i n o f S a w ad g a v e t he m l e a v e
’ ’
.
- .
,
t o g o m a r c he d o ff o u rs e lv e s a n d d i s m o u n t e d o v e r a g a i n s t B aja u r
W
, .
( F e6 1 0 t 6 ) e m a r c he d n e xt d a y l e a vi n g S hah Ma n s fi r s ’
W
.
,
d a u g ht e r in Baja u r -fo rt u n t il t he re t u rn o f t he a r m y e d is .
m o u n t e d a ft e r p a s s i n g K hw aj a K h iz r a n d fro m t h a t c a m p l e a v e ,
w a s g iv e n t o K hw aj a K a l an a n d t he he a vy b a gg a g e t h e w o rn ,
o u t ho r s e s a n d s u p e rfl u o u s e ffe c t s o f t he a rm y w e re s t a r t e d o ff
i n t o L a m g han by t he K an ar ro a d .
( F e 6 [ I t
. /z ) N e x t m o r n i n g K h w a j a M i r -i- m i r an w a s p u t in
c ha rg e o f t he cam e l b a g g a g e -t ra i n a n d s t a rt e d o ff by t he
Q g fi r h a - t a a n d D a r w a z a r o a d t h r o u g h t h e Q a r a-
,
k ap a -p a ss .
R id i n g li g ht fo r t he r a id w e o u rs e lv e s c ro s s e d t he A m b a ha r,
p a s s a n d y e t a n o t he r g re a t p a s s a n d d i s m o u n t e d a t P a n i -m al i
, ,
t he A ft e r n o o n P r y e r A fi g han bi rd i w a s s e n t fo rw a rd
-
2
n e a re r a .
wi t h a fe w o t he rs t o l e a r n 3 ho w t h i n g s w e re .
( F e 6 1 2 t.6 ) T h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n u s a n d t h e A fg h an s b e i ng
s ho r t we d id n o t m a k e a n e a r ly s t a r t
,
A fi g han -bi rd i c a m e .
b a c k a t b re a k fa s t -t i m e 4 H e h a d g o t t he b e tt e r o f a n A fg han
.
1
P e rha ps the e nd o f the ear ly sp i g -h v t
r n ar es and t he p i g h vest i g -y
s r n ar n ea r . It
is n o t t he e n d o f t he ca m a i n in p g gy m
ea r,ife t lyan s an d it is t t h b gi i g
a e e nn n of b o th
l
t he so a r a n d u n a r e a rs l y .
2
P p
e rha s , m o re t ha n ha f- way l b e t w ee n t he Mid -da y a n d A ft e rn o o n P y
ra ers . So
t o o in t he a n n a s o f F e b 1 2 t h l . .
3 t i l al fi a li
g ( e rs z a 6ti n
'
P . a n ew ph ra s ein t h e B N . .
4 c lz as /z t which
, , e in h a f -wa
y b g l b e t w ee n s u n r ise a n d t h e m e r i ia n , is d a v a ria bl e h o ur .
K ABU L
re a s o n s N o t h i n g t o c o u n t ha d fa ll e n i n t o t he s o ldi e rs ha n d s
.
’
d u ri n g t he t hre e o r fo u r m o n t hs w e h a d b e e n l e a d i n g t hi s a rm y .
N o w t ha t B hi r a t he b o r d e r l a n d o f H in d fi s t an w a s s o n e a r
, , ,
I t ho u g ht a s o m e t h i n g m i g h t fa l l i n t o o u r m e n s ha n d s if ’
r idi n g li g ht w e w e n t s u dd e n ly i n t o it
,
T o t h i s t ho u g h t I c l u n g .
,
bu t so m e o f m w e ll -wi s h e rs a ft e r w e h a d r a id e d t he A fg han s
y ,
a n d di s m o u n t e d a t M a q am s e t t he m a tt e r in t h i s way b e fo re ,
“ If w e a re t o g o i n t o H in d fi s t an it s ho u ld b e o n a p ro pe r
me : -
,
b a s i s o n e p a rt o f t he a rm y s t a y e d b e hi n d in K ab u l a bo dy o f
e ffe c t iv e b ra v e s w a s l e ft b e h i n d in B aj au r ; a
g o o d p a r t o f t h i s
a r m y h a s g o n e i n t o L a m g h an b e c a u s e it s ho rs e s w e r e w o rn -o u t
;
a n d t he h o r s e s o f t ho s e w h o h a v e c o m e t h i s fa r a re s o p o o r t h a t ,
”
t he y ha v e n o t a d a y s h a rd r idi n g in t he m ’
R e a s o n a bl e a s .
th e s e c o n s id e ra ti o n s w e re y e t h a vi n g m a d e t he s t a rt we p a id n o
, , ,
a t t e n ti o n t o th e m b u t s e t o ff n e xt da y fo r t h e fo r d t h ro u g h t he
w a t e r o f S in d Mi r M u h a m m a d t he ra ft s m a n a n d his e ld e r
.
I
a n d y o u n g e r b r e t hre n w e r e s e n t with a fe w b ra v e s t o e x a m i n e
t he S i n d r iv e r ( da ry a) a b o v e a n d b e l o w t he fo r d
-
, .
( F e 6 1 6 t 6 ) A ft e r s t a r ti n g o ff t he c a m p fo r t he r iv e r I w e n t
.
,
t o hu n t rh i n o c e ro s o n t he S a w at i s id e w h i c h pl a c e p e o pl e c a ll
a l s o K a rg k h an a ( R i h -ho m e ) A fe w w e re d i s c o v e re d b u t
- 2
n o .
t he j u n g l e w a s d e n s e a n d t he y d id n o t c o m e o u t o f it W he n .
o n e wi t h a c a l f c a m e i n t o t he o p e n a n d b e t o o k i t s e l f t o fli g ht ,
m a n y a rro w s w e re s ho t a t it a n d it r u s he d i n t o t he n e a r j u n g l e
t he j u n g l e w a s fi re d b u t t ha t s a m e r hi n o w a s n o t ha d A n o t he r .
c a l f w a s k ill e d a s it lay s c o rc he d by t he fi re w rit hi n g a n d

, ,
p a lpit a ti n g E a c h p e rs o n t o o k a s ha re o f t he s p o il A ft e r
. .
l e a vi n g S a w at i w e w a n d e re d a b o u t a g o o d d e a l ; it w a s t he
,
Be d -ti m e P ra y e r w he n w e g o t t o c a m p .
T ho s e s e n t t o e x a m i n e t he fo r d c a m e b a c k a ft e r d o i n g it .
( F e6 I 7 )
t
. a N e xt d a y T h u rs d a y t h e 1 6 t h 3 t he h o rs e s a n d
, ,
b agg a g e -c a m e l s c ro s s e d t hro u g h t he fo r d a n d t he c a m p -b a za r
T hi s ll
wi b e t he fo r o n t he irec t r oa fro m d d
a r an fo r t he e a s t wa rd ( E hin M d d lp
s t o n e s C a u 6 u l ii,
’
2
p
T he o s it io n o f Sa w at i is r e r e s e n t e p
t he S u a i o f t he of d by
m a p ( 1 90 9 b G . I . AD .
W g
r it in in a o u t 1 8 1 3 A D Mr E rs in e n o t e s a s wo rt h o f re c o r t ha t t he rhin o c e ro s
b . . k y d
d l g
wa s a t t ha t a t e n o o n e r fo u n w e s t o f t h e n u s d I d .
3 E l h MS
p .
g lz u r a , t h e 1s t , b u t t his is c o rr e c t e
. t o 16 t h a m a r in a n o t e T he d by g l .
H a i MS h e re , a s in s o m e o t h e r
. . pl
ac e s , h a s t he co n t e t fo r a n u m e r , b u t o m it s t he x b
fig u re s. So o e s a s o t he Elp h MS in a o o m a n
d l . la c es . g d yp .
9 25 A H .
—
J A N . 3 RD T O DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
and fo o t -s o ldi e rs S o m e N i l-abi s c a m e

w e re p v
ut o
e r o n r a fts .
a n d s a w m e a t t he fo rd -he a d ( g u z a r
b r i n g i n g a h o rs e
in m a il a n d 30 0 s nanr u /cni s a s a n o ffe r i n g A t t he M id -da y .
P ra y e r o f t h i s s a m e da y w he n e ve ry -o n e h a d c ro s s e d t he r ive r , ,
w e m a rc he d o n ; w e w e n t o n u n til o n e w a t c h o f t he n i g ht ha d
p a ss e d ( cir ca 9 p m ) w he n we d i s m o u n t e d n e a r t he w a t e r o f
.
K a c ha -ko t .
I
( F e6 M a rc hi n g o n n e xt d a y w e c ro s s e d t he K a c ha
.
,
ko t -w a t e r ; n o o n re t u rn i n g w e n t t hr o u g h t he S a n g d a ki -p a s s ,
a n d d i s m o u n te d W h il e S a yyid Q as i m L o r d o f t he G a t e w a s
.
in c ha rg e o f t he re a r ( cndg ndaw a l ) he o ve r c a m e a fe w G u j ars

w ho h a d g o t u p wit h t he r e a r m a r c h c u t o ff a n d b ro u gh t in 4 o r ,
5 o f t he i r he a d s .
( F e 6 1
9 )
t 6 M a r c h
. i n g t h e n c e a t d a w n a n d c r o s s i n g t h e S uhan
w a t e r w e d i s m o u n t e d a t t he M id -d a y P ra y e r
,
T ho s e b e h i n d .
k e pt c o m i n g in till m id n i g ht ; t he m a rc h ha d b e e n m i g ht ily
l o n g a n d a s m a n y ho rs e s w e re we a k a n d o u t -o f-c o n diti o n
, , ,
a g re a t n u m b e r w e r e l e ft o n t he r o a d .
( i . Tne S a l t -r a ng e ) .
F o u r t e e n m il B h
es i r a li e(s7tkh
o e
s )mn o
o u
r t
n h
t a
o i
f n -ra n g e
w r i t t e n o f in t he t e b
h ks t he K o h
Z af a r -n a m a a n d -i -j ii d 2
’
o r o o a s .
I h a d n o t k n o w n w hy it w a s c a ll e d t hi s ; I n o w k n e w O n it .
d we ll t wo t r ib e s d e s c e n d a n t s fro m o n e p a re n t -s o u rc e o n e is
, ,
c a ll e d J ad t h e o t he r ja n jaha
,
T he s e t wo fro m o f o ld ha ve .
b e e n t he ru l e rs a n d l a w fu l c o m m a n d e rs o f t he p e o pl e s a n d
h o r d e s ( a zZl iZs ) O f t he r a n g e a n d o f t he c o u n t ry b e t w e e n B hi ra
an d N i l -ab T he i r ru l e is fr i e n dly a n d b ro t he r ly ho w e ve r ; t he y
.
c a n n o t t a k e w h a t t h e i r he a r t s m i g h t d e s i r e ; t h e p o r t i o n a n c i e n t
c u s t o m h a s fi x e d is g iv e n a n d t a k e n n o l e s s a n d n o m o r e T he , .
a g re e m e n t is t o g iv e o n e s lz alz r u kni 3 fo r e a c h y o k e o f o x e n a n d
s e ve n fo r he a d s h ip in a h o u s e ho ld t h e re is a l s o s e r vi c e in t he
a rm y T h e jad a n d J a n jfi h a b o t h a re d ivid e d i n t o s e v e ra l
.
I
Th i is t h e H a rru
s Mr E rs in e o se rv es t ha t Ba ur a e ars t o ha e t u rn e
. . k b b pp v d
s ha r p
s o u t h a ft e r c r o s s in g dd p
it , s in c e he as c e n e a a ss s o so o n a ft e r l e a v m g t h e n u s
.
I d
a n d re a c he d
t h e S ah an s o s o o n .
2
i e t he Sa t -ra n e
. . l g .
3 Mr E rs in e n o t e s t ha t ( in his da ) a s lu i lz r u klz i m a y b e t a e n a t a sh i i n g o r
k k ll
.
y
lv
e e en p
e n c e s t e r in l g .
K AB U L
- - o r 1 4 m il e s a l o n g t he Bhi ra c o u n t ry
l
c ans T h .e K o h i j a d ru n s f ,
t a ki n g o ff fro m t ho s e K a s h m i r m o u n t a i n s t h a t a re o n e w it h
H i d -k h d it d w t t t h t h -w e s t a s fa r a s t he
‘
Fol . 2 2 36 . n a il s a n r a s o u o e s o u
,
h S d - O n o n e h a l f o f it a re t he
fo o t o f D n k i r iv e r
I
i - o t o n t e n .
d h h P pl l l it K h -i- ad t hro u h
j a t h
,
e J j a n a h a o n t e o t e r e o e c a o j
.
g
c o n n e c ti n g it wit h t he J i i d t r ib e T he p r i n c ip a l he a d m a n g e t s 2
‘
t he titl e o f R ai ; o t he rs his y o u n g e r b ro t he rs a n d s o n s a r e , ,
s t yl e d M a l ik T he J a n jfi ha h e a d m e n a re m a t e rn a l u n c l e s o f
.
L a n g a r K ha n T he r u l e r o f t he p e o pl e a n d h o rd e n e a r t he
.
S fi h a n - w a t e r w a s n a m e d M a lik H a s t T he n a m e o r i g i n a lly .
w a s A s a d b u t a s H in d ii s t an i s s o m e ti m e s d ro p a v o w e l e g t he y . .
s a y lena 6r fo r 6 6 a 6a r ( n e w s ) t he y h a d s a id A s d fo r A s a d a n d , ,
t hi s w e n t o n t o H a s t .
L a n g a r K h an w a s s e n t o ff t o M a l ik H a s t a t o n c e w he n we
di s m o u n t e d H e g a ll o p e d o ff m a d e M a l ik H a s t ho p e fu l o f o u r
.
,
fa v o u r a n d ki n d n e s s a n d a t t he B e d -t i m e P ra y e r re t u rn e d wi t h
, ,
him . M a l ik H a s t b ro u g h t a n o ffe r i n g o f a ho rs e in m a il a n d
wa i t e d o n m e H e m a y ha v e b e e n 2 2 o r 2 3 y e a rs O ld 3
. .
T he v a r i o u s fl o c k s a n d h e r d s b e l o n g i n g t o t he c o u n t ry -p e o pl e
w e re c l o s e ro u n d o u r c a m p A s it w a s a lw a y s in m y he a r t t o .
p o s s e s s H in d fi s t a n a n d a s t he s,e s e v e r a l c o u n t r i e s B hi ra , ,
K h fi s h -ab C hi n -ab a n d C hi n i t i t 4 h a d o n c e b e e n h e ld by t he
‘
T u r k I pi c t u re d t he m a s m y o w n a n d w a s re s o lv e d t o g e t t he m
,
i n t o m y h a n d s w he t he r p e a c e fu lly o r by fo rc e F o r t he se re a s o n s
, .
i t b e i n g i m p e ra tiv e t o t re a t t he se h ill m e n w e ll t h i s fo ll o wi n g ,
F ol 2 24 o rd e r w a s iv e D n o h u r t o r h a r m t o t h e fl o c k s a n d h e rd s
. .
g n O
o f t he s e p e o pl e n o r e ve n t o t he i r c o t t o n -e n d s a n d b ro k e n
,
n e e dl e s
d l g
It is so m e wha t iffi c u t n o t t o fo r e t t ha t a m an wh o , i e Ba u r , re c o r s s o m a n
I
lk b d y
b v g g p lp
o ser a t io n s o f eo ra hic a o s it io n , ha d n o u i an c e fr o m S u rv e s , g d
a z e t t e e rs a n d y G
k T vl M
Bo o s o f r a e o st o f h is r e c o r s a re t h o s e o f
. d
e r s o n a o s e r a t io n p l b v .
2
In t h is s e n t e n c e Mr E rs in e r e a a r e fe r e n c e t o t h e
k . d u sa m an A ra ra t , t h e K o h - M l
L
l b k Tg
jfi d o n t he e ft a n o f t h e ’i r is ha t W I v
ha e s e t o w n t ra n s a t e s t he u r i wo r s
. d l T k d
k g
b u t , t a in a c co u n t o f Bab u r s e ye fo r t h e o u e u se o f a wo r , a n d E rs in e s c a r e fu d bl ’
d k l
k d I d T k
wo r , o n e t oo in n ia , t he u r i m a y im ply
r e fe ren ce t o t he A ra ra t - i e s u m m it o f lk
S a ke s w a r .
3 H e re D r L e .
’
en s yd
e r s io n na v fi lly
e n s ( E rs ine ) d k .
4 Bhi ra a s h a s
, b
e e n n o t e , is o n t h e eh am d J l
K hii sh -ab is 4 0 m o w e r o wn t he
’
. l d
sa m e r i e r v
C hi n i fi t ( hi n i -wa t C
is 5 0 m i es s o u t h o f Bhi ra l
hi n -ab ( hin a -w a t e r P) C C
s e e m s t h e n a m e o f a t ra c t o n ly
a n d n o t o f a r es i e n t ia c e n t re d
it w i b e in t h e Ba r l ll
of K pl g b d’
i in s o r e r t hie f - o n c e rn in . C
C hi n i fi t see g ’
Ba r e s e t t e r , D G
A S 189 9
. . kl y l JR
p . 1 32 .
K AB U L
w e g o t n e a r i t t he re c a m e in , o f t he s e rv a n t s o f D a u l a t K han
Ya f lélt a il s s o n A li K han , S i kt fi s s o n D i w a H i n diZ; wi t h t he m
’ ‘ ’
su -
c a m e se ve ra l t bl e s o f B hi ra who b ro u g ht a ho rs e a n d
of t he no a
ff
c am e ! a s a n o e r ng i a n d d id m e o b e i s a n c e A t t he M id -day .
P ra ye r w e d i s m o u n t e d o n t he e a s t o f B hi ra o n t he b a n k o f t he ,
B a ha t ( J e hl a m ) in a s o w n -fi e ld wit ho u t h u rt o r h a rm b e i n g
, ,
a ll o w e d t o t o u c h t he p e o pl e o f B hi ra .
( k.H is t ory o f B ai r d )
Ti m ar Be g ha d g o n e i n t o H in d fi s t an fro m t he ti m e he we n t
o u t a ga i n t he s e s e v e r a l c o u n t r i e s v iz B h i r a K h fi s h -ab C hi n -ah .
, ,
a n d C hi n i fi t ha d b e e n h e ld by h is d e s c e n d a n t s a n d t he d e p e n d a n t s
,
a n d a d he re n t s o f t ho se d e s c e n d a n t s A ft e r t he d e a t h o f S 1 M a s ad
‘
. .
M i rz a a n d h is s o n A li A sg na r M i rz a t he s o n s o f Mi r A li B e g
‘
,
‘
(A u t lt or
’
s n ot e on Sl . Ma s ‘
ii d M rz a )
H e w a s t h e so n o f Sfi yfi rgha t m i s h .
M i rz a, so n o f Shahru h i rz a, ( s o n o f k M
i m ar ), a n d w a s n o w n a s S l
‘
as a T k . M d
b gv
K a6u li e ca u s e t he o e rn m e n t a n d a m in ist ra t io n o f a u a n d z a u w e re d K b l b l
h
t e n d p d
e e n e n t o n h im ( e o se 8 43 A H -dpl 44o ) d . AD .
F ol . 225 .
v iz B ab a-i-k ab u li D a ry a K han a n d A p aq K han k n o w n l a t e r a s
.
, ,
G hazi K han a ll o f w ho m S l M a s ad M h a d c he r i s he d t hro u g h

, .
‘
.
,
t he i r d o m i n a n t p o s iti o n g o t p o s s e s s i o n o f K ab u l Z ab u l a n d t he
, ,
a fo r e -n a m e d c o u n t r i e s a n d p a rg a n a s o f H in d as t an In S l A b 11
'
. .
s a i d M i rz a s t i m e K ab u l a n d Z ab u l w e n t fr o m t he i r h a n d s t he
‘ ’
, ,
H in d ii s t an c o u n t r i e s r e m a i n i n g In 9 10 A H ( 1 5 0 4 A D ) t he y e a r . . .
(A u t nor
’
s n ot e to 91 0 A H .
) Th t y
w it h t he w ish t o e n t e r H in d fi s t an ,
a e a r,
K b b d
ha i a r ha d e e n c ro s se a n d Pa ra shaw ar (s i c ) h a d e e n re a c he , w h e n Baq i b d
C /z ag lz an i an i in s is t e d
o n a m o e a ga in s t L o we r B a n a sh i e v
o h at , a m a s s g . . K
g
o f A f h an s w e re r a i e a n d sc ra e dd
c ea n ( gi r i 6 ) , t h e Ba n n fi pd l
a in wa s ra i e pl dd
a nd pl d d
u n e re , a n d r e t u r n w a s m a e t hro u h D t i ki ( a i) d g '
D g .
I fi rs t c a m e i n t o K ab u l t he g o v e rn m e n t o f B hi ra K h fi s h-ab a n d
, ,
C h n ab d e p e n d e d o n S a yyid A li K ha n s o n o f G hazi K han a n d

i - ‘
,
g r a n d s o n o f M i r A li B e g w h o
‘
r e a d t h e 6 6 n t 6a fo r S ik a n
,
d a r s o n
o f B u hlfi l ( L adi A
fg nan ) a n d w a s s u b j e c t t o h i m W h e n I l e d .
t ha t a rm y o u t ( 9 10 A H ) S a yyid A li K han l e ft B hi ra in t e rro r

.
‘
,
c ro s s e d t he B a ha t -w a t e r a n d s e a t e d h i m s e l f in S he r -ko t o n e o f
, ,
t he vill a g e s o f B hi ra A fe w y e a rs l a t e r t he A fg han s b e c a m e
.
s u s pi c i o u s a b o u t him o n m a co unt h ivi w a t o h is o w n

y c e g n g y ,
fe a rs a n d a n xi e t i e s m a d e t he s e c o u n t r i e s o v e r t o t he t he n g o v e rn o r
,
F ol . 22 56 . in L ahar D a u l a t K h an s o n o f T at ar K han Yas uf -kau il w ho

, , ,
9 25 A H .
-A N
J . 3 RD TO DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
ve t he m t o his o w n e ld e s t Kh an an d K han s
‘ ‘
A li
’
g a so n ,
in A li
p o s s e s s i o n t h e y n o w w e re .
( A u t lz or
’
D a u la t K li an Yfi s uf klz a i l )
s no t e on his at ar han , t he fa t he r . T T K
of D l K
a u at h an , wa s o n e o f s ix o r s e e n s a r dar s wh o , sa in v
ou t an d lly g
b e c o m in g d
o m in a n t in H in d fi st an , m a e B u h hi l a s hah H e he d
the
’
Pd . ld
co u nt r y
n o r t h o f t h e Sa t luj (s i c ) a n d Sa h rin d ,
I
t h e r e e n u e s o f whic h e c e e e v x dd
3 é r zi r s
2
O n . a t ar h a n
’
s eTa t h , S l S iKa n ar d a s o e r -o r
,
. too k d v l d k
t ho se co u n t r ie s fro m atar
’
T
han s s o n s an d a e L ah fi r o nK to au at han gv ly D l K .
T ha t ha en e a ppe a r o r t wo d y
e fo r e b
c a m e in t o t h e c o u n t r o f I
a u ( 9 10 A H y Kb l .
(l B a6u r j )
’
. s ou r n ey r es u m ed
( F e6 . 2 2 nd ) Ne xt m o rn i n g fo ra g e rs w e re se n t to se v e ra l
con v e n i e n t pl a c e s o n t he s a m e day I vi s i t e d B hi ra a n d o n t he
s a m e da S a n u r K han n/ana c a m e m a d e o ffe r i n
y g j a
g o f a h o r s e , ,
a n d d id m e o b e i s a n c e .
( F e6 23 r d ) O n W e d n e s d a y t he 2 2 n d o f t he m o n t h t he
.
,
he a d m e n a n d c6 a u der is 3 o f B hi ra w e re s u m m o n e d a s u m o f ,
Monr o e/ m4 w a s a g re e d o n a s t he p ri c e o f p e a c e ( m al -i
a m an
) a n d c o ll e c t o rs w e re a pp o i n t e d
, e a l so m ade an . W
e x c u rs i o n g o i n g in a b o a t a n d t h e r e e a t i n a c o n fe c ti o n
, g .
( F e 6 e
4 )
t a . H a id a r t h e s t a n d a r d -b e a r e r h a d b e e n s e n t t o t he
B ilfi c hi s l o c a t e d in B hi ra a n d K has h -ab ; o n T hu r s d a y m o rn i n g
t he y m a d e a n o ffe r i n g o f a n a l m o n d —c o l o u re d t ip acnag [ ho r s e ] ,
a n d d id o b e i s a n c e A s it w a s r e p re s e n t e d t o m e t ha t s o m e o f
.
t he s o ldi e ry w e re b e h a vi n g w it ho u t s e n s e a n d w e re l a yi n g -ha n d s
o n B hi ra p e o pl e p e r s o n s w e r e s e n t w h o c a u s e d s o m e o f t ho s e
,
l
s e n se e s s p e o pl e t o m e e t t h e i r d e a t h - d o o m o f o t he rs s l i t t he ,
n o s e s a n d s o le d t h e m ro u n d t he c a m p .
( F e6 2 3 76 ) O n F r id a y c a m e a d u ti fu l l e t t e r fro m t he K hfi s h
.
'
abi s t h i s S hah S hu j a A rg /ni n s s o n S h ah H a s a n w a s
‘
on
a pp o i n t e d t o g o t o K h us h ab - .
2
or S ihr in d, m o d Sirhin o r Sa r -i-h in ( H ea o f H in )
. d
It m a y b e n o t e h e r e , d d d . d
fo r w ha t it m a y b e fo u n w o rt h , t ha t K h ( w )af i d
han [i, 4 0 2 ] ca s Sa r -i-hin t h e o ld K ll d
y
n a m e , sa s t ha t t h e a c e w as o n c e h e pl
th e haz n i n as t a n d wa s it s n ia nld by G dy y I d
f ro n t ie r , a n d t ha t Shah -a h an c h a n e it t o Sa hrin d j
T he -i-B gd
O 2 17 f 1 5 5 . W . . I . . .
w r it e s Sha h rin d .
2
Thr e e kr o r e s o r c ro r e s o f am s , a t 4 0 t o t h e ru e e , wo u d
m a e t his p ld k
p
ru e e s , o r a o u t [I7 b st e r in l g k
( E rs in e ) a sta t e m e n t fro m t h e a n c ie n t his t o r o f y
t he ru pi
3 T hi H i d t a i w d i
s n us n or n so m e d ist g fi
ric ts s i n i es t h e h ea d m an of a t ra d e, in o t h e rs
a l dh ld ( E k i )
an o er rs ne .
I M E ki ko e d t be ly
’
4 n t im t h i
r . rs ne s e s su m wa s r ec n o n ea r
K AB U L
( F e 6 . 2 6th ) On S a t u rd a y t he 2 st h of t he m o n t h, I
S hah H asan
wa s s t a rt e d fo r K has h-ab .
(F e6 2 7t h) O n S u n d a y s o m u c h r a i n fe ll t ha t w a t e r c o ve re d
.
2
a ll t he pl a i n A s m a ll b ra c ki s h s t re a m 3 fl o wi n g b e tw e e n B hi ra
.
a n d t he g a rd e n s in w h i c h t he a r m y la h a d b e c o m l ik t
y e e a g re a ,
r iv e r b e fo r e t he M id -d a y P r a y e r ; whil e a t t he fo r d n e a r B hi r a
t he re w a s n o fo o ti n g fo r m o re t ha n a n a rro w s fli g ht ; p e o pl e
’
c ro s s i n g h a d t o s w i m In t he a ft e r n o o n I ro d e o u t t o w a t c h t he
.
"
w a t e r c o m i n g d o w n ( lai r /tan s ic) t he r a i n a n d s t o r m w e r e s u c h
t ha t o n t he w a y b a c k t he re w a s s o m e fe a r a b o u t g e tti n g in t o
cam p I c ro s s e d t ha t s a m e w a t e r ( ai r aan s t? ) wi t h m y h o rs e
.
s wi m m i n g T he a r m y -p e o p l e w e re m u c h a l a r m e d ; m o s t o f t he m
.
a b a n d o n e d t e n t s a n d h e a vy b a a e h ld d m h
gg g s o u e r e a r o u r o rs e , ,
m a il a n d a r m s m a d e t he i r ho rs e s s w i m a n d c r o s s e d b a re b a c k
, .
M o s t s t re a m s fl o o d e d t he pl a i n .
( F e6 .N e xt day b o a t s w e re b ro u g ht fro m t he r iv e r
(je hl a m ) a n d in t he s e m o s t o f t he a rm y b ro u g ht t he i r t e n t s a n d
,
b a g g a ge o v e r T o w a rd s m id -day Q iij B e g s m e n w e n t 2 m il e s ’
fl
.
,
u p t he w a t e r a n d t he re fo u n d a fo r d by w h i c h t he r e s t c ro s s e d .
( M a r ck 1 s t ) A ft e r a n i g h t s p e n t in B h i r a -fo r t
j a h a n ~n fi m a ,
t he y c a ll it w e m a rc he d e a r ly o n t he T u e s d a y m o r n i n g o u t o f
,
t he w o r ry o f t he r a i n - o o d t o t he h i g he r g r o u n d n o r t h o f B hi ra .
A s t he re w a s s o m e d e l a y a b o u t t he m o n e y s a s k e d fo r a n d
a g re e d t o ( t a qa 66u l ) t he c o u n t ry w a s d ivid e d i n t o fo u r di s t r i c t s
,
a n d t he b e g s w e r e o r d e r e d t o t r t o m a k e a n e n d o f t he m a tt e r
y .
K ha l i fa w a s a pp o i n t e d t o o n e d i s t r i c t Q aj B e g t o a n o t he r , ,
N a ir s D o s t t o a n o t he r S a yyid Q as i m a n d M u h ibb
‘
i a li t o
’
s - -
,
a n o t he r Pi c t u r i n g a s o u r o wn t he c o u n t ri e s o n c e o c c u pi e d b y
.
t he T u r k t he re w a s t o b e n o o v e r -ru n n i n g or pl u n d e r i n g
,
.
(m . E n v oy s s en t ) to t6e c ou r t i n D ial i .
( M a r en 3 r d ) P e o pl e w e r e a l w a y s s a yi n g I t c o u ld d o n o h a r m ,
t o s e n d a n e n v o y fo r p e a c e s a k e t o c o u n t r i e s t h a t o n c e d e p e n d e d
’
, ,
H ig i lly
e re o r it h t h E lp h MS
na t h H i MS h d
ne er ed t it h b . . n or e a . . a a a e as ee n
a dd d t t h f m
e o e or er .
2
T hi i i t s ra n ly f t h w m s o o ear it w p borb ly v e s f ll
. f p. i gon so on as ro a a se e re a o s r n
i
ra n , wh i h p v il c t t hi re ath s a li d xt d
s v ll t h w t f
s e a so n o r ra er ea r e r, a n e en s o er a e es o
A i ( E ki )
s a rs ne .
3
g loz l 2
'
S t m
z z n a s z or s i i i g in t h S l t -. g b c m
re a b k i h
s r s n h i g e a ran e e o e ra c s o n r ea c n
it k i t ( G
s s r s f . o
K AB U L
T ho s e at t he o t he r e n d k n o wi n g, bo u t o u r m a s u d ra n k noth ng a i ’
‘
a ra r i ht t h ro u g h A t t h e B e d -t i m e P ra y e r w e r o d e fr o m t he
g g .
b o a t a n d g o t i n t o c a m p l a t e T h i n ki n g I h a d be e n d r i n ki n g .
‘
a ra
q M u h a m m a d i a n d G a d a i h a d s a id t o o n e a n o t h e r L e t s d o ,
’
b e fi t t i n g s e rvi c e l i ft e d a pit c he r o f a r a g u p t o o n e a n o t he r in
,
‘
t u rn o n t he i r ho rs e s a n d c a m e in s a yi n g wit h w o n d e rfu l j o vi a l ity

,
a n d h e a r ti n e s s a n d s p e a ki n g t o g e t he r T h ro u g h t h i s d a r k n i g ht ,
ha v e we c o m e c a rryi n g t h i s pit c he r in t u r n s L a t e r o n whe n

t he y k n e w t ha t t he p a r ty w a s ( n o w ) m e a n t t o b e o t he rwi se a n d t he
h il a r ity t o d i ffe r t ha t is t o s a y t h a t [
,
t he re w o u ld b e t h a t ] o f t he
,
m a yii n b a n d a n d t h a t o f t h e d r i n k e rs t he y w e re m u c h d i s t u r be d
’
b e c a u s e n e ve r d o e s a m a jiZn p a rty g o we ll with a d ri n ki n g -p a rt y

’
.
“
S a id I D o n t u p s e t t he p a rty ! L e t t ho s e who wi s h t o d r i n k
’
‘
a ra
g d
,
r i n k a ra
g le t
‘
t h o se w h o wi s h t o e a t m j
a ii n e a t m a iZ
j n
’
,
’
.
”
L e t n o o n e o n e i t he r s id e m a k e t a lk o r a ll u s i o n t o t he o t he r
- .
S o m e d ra n k a r a g s o m e a t e m a ’‘
f a
,
n a n d f o r a ti m e t h e p a rt y ,
w e n t o n q u it e p o li t e ly B ab a J an t he ga 6zZz pl a y e r h a d n o t b e e n
.
-
o f o u r p a r ty ( in t he bo a t ) w e i n vit e d h im w he n w e re a c he d t he
t e n t s H e a s k e d t o d ri n k a r a g
. e i n vit e d T a r d i M u h a m m a d
‘
. W
Qz 6clz a q a l s o a n d m a d e h im a c o m ra d e o f t he d r i n k e rs A m a jan
' '
p a r ty n e v e r g o e s w e l l wit h a n a r a q o r a wi n e -p a rty t he d r i n k e rs ‘
b e g a n t o m a k e wild t a lk a n d c h a tt e r fro m a ll s id e s m o s tly in ,
al lu sion t o m a B b v d u n k s a id
s n a n d m a an z s J h
'
j
’ ’
a a a n e e n w e n r .
, ,
m a n y wild t h i n g s T he d r i n k e rs s o o n m a d e T a rd i K han m a d
.
d ru n k by g ivi n g him o n e fu ll b o w l a ft e r a n o t he r T ry a s we did

, .
t o k e e p t h i n g s s t ra i g ht n o t h i n g w e n t w e ll ,
t he re w a s m u c h d is
g u s t i n g u p ro a r ; t he p a rty b e c a m e i n t o l e ra bl e a n d w a s b ro k e n u p .
(Ma r ch 7t h) O n M o n d a y t he 5 t h o f t he m o n t h t he c o u n t ry ,
o f B hi ra w a s iv t H i d a B
g e n o n e g .
( M a r c /z & 6 ) O n T u e s d a y t h e C h i n -ab c o u n t ry w a s b e s t o w e d
o n H u s a i n A i /er a k ( P) a n d l e a v e w a s iv e n t o hi m a n d t he C h i n ab
-
g
p e o pl e t o se t o u t A t t h i s ti m e S a yyid A li K han s s o n Min fi c hihr
.
‘ ’
K han h a vi n g le t u s k n o w ( his i n t e n ti o n ) c a m e a n d w a it e d o n m e
, ,
.
H e h a d s t a rt e d fro m H in d fi s t an by t he u pp e r ro a d ha d m e t in ,
I
with T at ar K han K a /ea r T at ar K han h a d n o t le t him p a s s o n ,
b u t ha d k e p t him m a d e h im a s o n -in -la w by g ivi n g h im h is o w n

,
d a u g ht e r a n d ha d d e t a i n e d h im fo r s o m e t i m e
, .
so -
writt e n in t h e MSS . C f R a v e rt y s N ot es
.
’
an d G . of I .
9 25 A H .
—
J AN . 3 RD TO DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
( 0 . Tli e K a ka r s .
)
In amon
gs t t he m o u n t a i n s
N i l-ah a n d B hi ra w h i c h c o n n e c t of
wi t h t ho s e o f K a s hm i r t he re a re b e s id e s t he J ii d a n d ja njfi ha , ,
t r ib e s m a n y ja t s G u j ars a n d o t he rs a ki n t o t he m s e a t e d in
, , , ,
vill a g e s e v e rywhe re o n e ve ry r i s i n g -g ro u n d T he s e a re g o v e rn e d .
by he a d m e n o f t he K a k a r t r ib e s a he a d s h ip l ik e t ha t o v e r t he ,
J a d and
J j
a n fi h a A t t h i s t i m e ( 5 A H ) t he he a d m e n o f t he
9 2 . .
p pl
e o e o f h
t s e h ill s ki r t s w e re T at ar K a ka r a n d H ati K a ka r
o -
,
t w o d e s c e n d a n t s o f o n e fo re fa t he r ; b e i n g p a t e rn a l -u n c l e s s o n s
’ ‘
.
T o rre n t —b e d s a n d r a vi n e s a re t he i r s t ro n g ho ld s T at ar s pl a c e .
’
n a m e d P a r hala is a g o o d d e a l b e l o w t he s n o w -m o u n t a i n s ;
2
,
H at i s c o u n t ry c o n n e c t s wi t h t he m o u n t a i n s a n d a l s o he h a d
’
m a d e B ab a K h an s fi e f K al a n j a r 3 l o o k t o w a r d s h i m s e l f T at ar
’
.
,
K a ka r ha d s e e n D a u l a t K han ( Yas uf -lena il ) a n d l o o k e d t o h im

wi t h c o m pl e t e o be di e n c e H at i h a d n o t s e e n D a u l a t K han ; his .
a t t i t u d e t o w a rd s h im w a s b a d a n d t u r b u l e n t A t t he w o rd o f .
t he H in d fi s t an b e g s a n d in a g re e m e n t w i t h t he m T at ar ha d s o ,
p o s t e d h i m s e l f a s t o bl o c k a d e H at i fro m a di s t a n c e ju s t w he n .
w e w e re in B hi ra H at i m o v e d o n p re t e x t o f h u n t i n g fe ll u n
, ,
e xp e c t e d ly o n T at ar kill e d h im a n d t o o k h is c o u n t r y h is wiv e s , , ,
a n d h is h a vi n g
(p B a6u r ) r es u m e d
j
’
. s ou r n ey .
H a vi n g r idd e n o u t a t t he M id —d a y P r a y e r fo r a n e x c u rs i o n ,
w e g o t o n a b o a t a n d a r a g w a s d ru n k T he p e o pl e o f t he p a rt y
‘
.
w e re D o s t B e g M i rz a Q u l i A h m a d i G a d ai M u h a m m a d A li
‘
, , , ,
a s 5 a n d A fi han -bi r d i Mug aii l

'
T h m u s ic ian s
j gy g
‘
an an A s g
, ,
e .
w e re R a u h -d a m B ab a jan Q as i m -i- a li Y as u f-i- a li T i n g ri -q u l i

‘ ‘
W
, , , , ,
“
A b fi l-q a 5 1m R am z an L al l e d r a n k in t h e b o a t till t he B e d
’
, .
t i m e P ra y e r ; t he n g e t t i n g o ff it fu ll o f d r i n k w e m o u n t e d t o o k , , ,
t o rc he s in o u r ha n d s a n d w e n t t o c a m p fro m t h e r iv e r s b a n k
’
, ,
2
gl
A n ic e, c o u s in s o n t h e fa t h e r s s i e
’
d .
G I d b
W
T he of e s c ri e s it
2
. . .
3 El h
p M S f 1 8
.
3 6 , m a n su6 ;.
H a i . MS : a n d z u d -i -B 6i s zZt T h e h o er . . . . ld
g b kb l
m i h t be Ba a-i- a u i o f f 2 2 5 . .
P I O 2 1 5 f 1 8 86 ) a n d e h r s MS [ I lm in sky 2 9 3] a tt ri u t e K p b
’
4 T he I st e rs t r s ( . . . . . . .
l’
dd
H ati s as t -re c o r e a c t s t o B a u r him se f b
T h e t w o m is t a e n s o u r c e s e r r t o e t he r l . k g
l M
e s e w h e re de C o u r t e ille c o rr e c t s t h e e fe c t ( ii,
. . d
g g d
5 n i ht - u a r H e is t h e o ld se r a n t t o who m Ba u r se n t a ian t as lz r af i o f t he
. v b g '
p l I d
s oi s of -
n ia ( G u l b a da n s H N s
’
. . .
K AB U L
l e an i n g o v e r fro m o u r ho rs e s o n t h i s s id e l e a n i n g o ve r fro m th a t , ,
a t o n e l o o s e -re i n g a ll o p ! Ve ry d ru n k I m u s t ha v e b e e n fo r ,
w eh n t h e y t o ld m e n e x t d a y t h a t w e h a d g a ll o p e d l o o s e - r e i n
i n t o c a m p c a rryi n g t o rc he s I c o u ld n o t r e c a l it in t he v e ry l e a s t
, , .
A ft e r re a c h i n g m y q u a r t e rs I v o m it e d a g o o d d e a l
, .
M
.
( a r cn I I t /i ) O n F r id a y w e r o d e o u t o n a n e x c u r s i o n c r o s se d ,
t he w a t e r ( J e h l a m ) by b o a t a n d w e n t a b o u t a m o n g s t t he o rc h a rd s
( t
6 d ) f bl o m i n g t e e s a n d t h e l a n d o f t h -c u l t iv a ti o n
W
o o s s r s e s u
g a r .
e s a w t he w he e l wi t h b u c k e t s h a d w a t e r d r a w n a n d a s k e d , ,
F O] . 2 29 . p a rt i c u l a rs a b o u t g e tti n g it o u t ; i n d e e d we m a d e t he m d ra w it
a ga i n a n d a ga i n D u r i n g t h i s e x c u rs i o n a c o n fe c t i o n w a s p re
.
fe rre d In re t u r n i n g we w e n t o n b o a r d a b o a t
. A c o n fe c t i o n .
( j )
m a
’
zi n w a s g iv e n a l s o t o M in fi c hih r K h a n s u c h a o n e t h a t t,
o ,
k e e p h im s t a n d i n g t w o p e o pl e h a d t o g ive him t he i r a r m s F o r
, .
a t i m e t he b o a t r e m a i n e d a t a n c h o r in m id -s t re a m w e t he n w e n t
d o w n -s t re a m a ft e r a whil e ha d it d r a w n u p -s t re a m a g a i n s l e p t ,
in it t ha t n i g h t a n d w e n t b a c k t o c a m p n e a r d a w n .
M 1 2 m) O n S a t u r d a y t he l o t h o f t h e fi rs t R a b i
'
( a h
‘
a r c t e ,
S u n e n t e re d t he R a m T o d a y w e ro d e o u t b e fo re m id day a n d
.
-
g o t i n t o a b o a t w h e re a ra
g
‘
w a s d r u n k T h e p e o pl e o f t
. h e p a rt y
w e re K hw aj a D o s t k h aw a n d - D o s t B e g M i r i m M i rz a Q u l i
, , , ,
M u h a m m a d i A h m a d i Y fi n a s -i-a li Mu h A li f a ng -y a ng G a d ai
, ,
‘
,
.
‘
,
T a g hai Mi r K hu rd ( a n d ? ) A s a s T he m u s i c i a n s w e re R a u h
,
‘
.
d a rn B ab a jan Q as i m Y as u f-i- a li T i n g ri -q u l i a n d R a m z an ‘
W
.
, , , ,
e g o t i n t o a b ra n c h -w a t e r fo r s o m e ti m e w e n t
d o w n -s t re a m l a n d e d a g o o d d e a l b e l o w B hi ra a n d o n it s o pp o s it e
,
ba n k a n d w e n t l a te i n t o c a m p
,
.
T h i s s a m e d ay Sh ah H a s a n re t u rn e d fro m K hijs h-ab w h i t he r

he h a d b e e n s e n t a s e n v o y t o d e m a n d t he c o u n t r i e s w h i c h fro m
o f o ld h a d d e p e n d e d o n t he T u r k he h a d s e t t l e d p e a c e a bly w i t h
t he m a n d ha d in h is h a n d s a p a r t o f t h e m o n e y a s se s s e d o n t he m .
T he he a t s w e re n e a r a t h a n d T o r e i n fo rc e H in d ri B e g ( in
‘
B hi ra ) w e re a pp o i n t e d S hah M u h a m m a d K e e p e r o f t he S e a l
a n d h is y o u n e r b ro t he r D o s t B e K p f t h S l t e t h e r
g g e e e r o e e a o g ,
w i t h s e v e ra l s u i t a bl e b ra v e s a n a c c e pt e d (y a r a s n a ) s t ip e n d
w a s fi x e d a n d s e t t l e d in a c c o rd a n c e w i t h e a c h m a n s p o s i t i o n
’
F ol . 2 296 . .
K has h -ab w a s b e s t o we d w i t h a s t a n d a rd o n L a n g a r K han t he

, , ,
p ri m e c a u s e a n d m o ve r o f t h i s e xp e d i t i o n we s e t t l e d a l s o t ha t
K AB U L
cam p a n d we r e m o u n t e d w he n it w a s g ro w i n g li g ht A t b re a k
,
.
fa s t -ti m e ( 9 a m ) we p u t o u r m a il o n a n d m o v e d fo rw a r d fa s t e r
. .
T he bl a c k n e s s o f Pa rhala s he we d it s e l f fro m 2 m il e s o ff ; t he
ll p w a s t h e n a ll o w e d ( cka pg ii n
q ai i l d i ) t h e i h t w t t
g a o i r g e n e a s
o f Pa r h ala Q aj B e g w h o w a s a l s o o f t h e r i g h t fo ll o w i n g a s it s
, , ,
r e s e rv e ; t h e m e n o f t he l e ft a n d c e n t re w e n t s t r a i h t fo r t he
g
t
fo r D o s Be g
,
t b e i n g t he i r r e a r -re s e r v e .
Pa rhala s t a n d s a m o n g s t r a vi n e s I t ha s t wo ro a d s o n e by .
,
w h i c h w e c a m e l e a d s t o it fro m t he s o u t h -e a s t g o e s a l o n g t he
, ,
t o p o f r a vi n e s a n d o n e it he r h a n d h a s ho ll o w s w o r n o u t by t he
t o rr e n t s A m il e fro m P a rhala t h i s r o a d in fo u r o r fi v e pl a c e s
.
,
be fo re it re a c he s t he G a t e b e c o m e s a o n e -m a n ro a d wi t h a ,
r a vi n e fa l li n g fr o m it s e i t he r s id e ; t he re fo r m o re t ha n a n
a r r o w s fli g h t m e n m u s t r id e in s i n g l e fi le T h e o t he r r o a d
’
.
c o m e s fro m t he n o rt h -w e s t it g e t s u p t o P a rhala by t he t ro u g h
o f a v a ll e y a n d it a l so is a o n e m a n r o a d - T he re is n o o t he r .
r o a d o n a n y s id e P a r h al a t h o u
g h. wit h o u t b re a s t -w o r k o r
b a ttl e m e n t h a s n oa s s a il a bl e pl a c e it s s id e s s h o o ti n g p e rp e n d ic u
, ,
la rly d o w n fo r 7 8 10 y a r d s , , .
W he n t he v a n o f o u r l e ft h a vi n g p a s s e d t he n a r ro w pl a c e , ,
w e n t in a b o dy t o t he G a t e H at i wit h w ho m w e re 30 t o 4 0 m e n , ,
in a r m o u r t he i r ho r s e s in m a il a n d a m a s s o f fo o t -s o ldi e rs
, , ,
fo rc e d h is a s s a il a n t s t o r e t i re D o s t Be g le d h is r e s e rv e fo rw a r d
.
,
m a d e a s t ro n g a tt a c k d i s m o u n t e d a n u m b e r o f H at i s m e n a n d
’
, ,
b e a t him A ll t he c o u n t ry -ro u n d H at i w a s c e l e b ra t e d fo r his

.
,
d a r i n g b u t t ry a s he d id h e c o u ld e ffe c t n o t h i n g he t o o k t o
, ,
fli ght ; he c o u ld n o t m a k e a s t a n d in t ho s e n a r ro w pl a c e s ; he
c o u ld n o t m a k e t he fo r t fa s t w he n he g o t b a c k i n t o it H is .
a s s a il a n t s w e n t in j u s t b e h i n d h im a n d ra n o n t h ro u g h t he
r a vi n e a n d n a rro w s o f t h e n o rt h -w e s t s id e o f t he fo rt b u t h e ,
r o d e l i g h t a n d m a d e h is fli g ht g o o d H e re a g a i n D o s t Be g d id .
,
v e ry w e l l a n d r e c o m p e n s e w a s a dd e d t o r e n o wn .
I
M e a n ti m e I h a d g o n e i n t o t he fo rt a n d d i s m o u n t e d a t T at ar
K a ka ns d w e lli n g S e ve ra l m e n ha d j o i n e d in t he a tt a c k fo r
.
w ho m t o s t a y w i t h m e h a d be e n a rra n g e d a m o n g s t t h e m w e re
A m n i m u h a m m a d T a r k han A rg lz un a n d Q a rac ha F o r thi s

'
i - - .
2
-n i n - lz a ba ldz
'
j l d D B
'
2
u i c os t e
g g at i g .
2
T he d y
isa r ra o f t h es e n a m es in t h e MS S . re ve ls
a c o n fu s io n in t he ir s o u rc e .
l v b ld
S im i a r e r a y
isa rra o c c u rs in t he a t t e r l p a rt o f f
. 2 29 .
9 25 A IL— JAN . 3RD TO DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
fa u l t
t he y we re s e n t t o m e e t t he c a m p witho u t s a r -u -p a i n t o ,
'
t he wild s a n d O p e n c o u n t ry with S a r-u - a fo r t he i r id e t he

2
p g u ,
G u jijr m e n ti o n e d a l re a dy
'
( M a r c6 l 6 t 6 ) N e x t d a y w e w e n t o u t by t he n o rt h -we s t r a vi n e
a n d d i s m o u n t e d in a s o w n fi e ld A fe w s e rvi c e a bl e b ra v e s u n d e r .
W al i t he t re a s u re r we re s e n t o u t t o m e e t t he c a m p .
2
( Ma r c6 I 7 t 6 ) M a rc h i n g o n T hu rs d a y t he 1 5 t h w e d i s m o u n t e d ,
a t A n d a rab a o n t he S uhan a fo r t s a id t o ha v e d e p e n d e d fro m ,
o f o ld o n a n c e s t o rs o f M a l ik H a s t H at i K a ka r ha d kill e d .
M a lik H a s t s fa t he r a n d d e s t ro y e d t he fo rt t he re it n o w lay in
’
ru i n s .
A t t he B e d -ti m e P ra y e r o f t h i s same day , tho s e l e ft at K a ld a

k a har wi t h t he c a m p rej o i n e d u s .
(r S u 6m is s ion s B a 6u r )
'
. to .
I t m u s t ha v e be e n a ft e r H at i o ve rc a m e T at ar t ha t he s t a rt e d
h is ki n s m a n P a r b a t t o m e w i t h t r ib u t e a n d a n a c c o u t re d h o rs e .
P a rb a t d id n o t li g ht u p o n u s b u t m e e t i n g in wi t h t he c a m p we ,
h a d l e ft be hi n d c a m e o n in t he c o m p a n y o f t he t ra i n
,
Wi t h it .
c a m e a l s o L a n g a r K h an u p fro m B hi r a o n m a t t e r s o f b u s i n e s s .
H is a ffa i rs w e re p u t r i g h t a n d he t o g e t he r w i t h s e v e ra l l o c a l ,
p e o pl e w a s a ll o we d t o l e a ve
,
.
(Ma r c6 M a rc h i n g o n a n d c r o s s i g
n t h e S ah a n wa t e r w e
-
,
d i s m o u n t e d o n t he ri s i n g -g ro u n d H e re H at i s ki n s m a n ( P a rb a t ) .
’
wa s r o b e d in a n h o n o ra ry d re s s g iv e n l e t t e r s o f
e n c o u ra g e m e n t fo r H at i a n d d e s p a t c he d wi t h a s e r v a n t o f ,
'
M u h a m m a d A li f a ng y a ng N l ab a n d t he Q arhi q ( H i m a l a y a n P)
'
‘
i - .
H a z ara h a d b e e n g ive n t o H u m ay fi n ( a et s o m e o f h is .
s e rv a n t s u n d e r B ab a D o s t a n d H a l ah il c a m e n o w fo r t he i r
d a ro g ha —s h ip 3 .
( M a r c 6 l
p t 6 ) M a r c h i n g e a r ly n e x t m o r n i n g w e d i s m o u n t e d ,
a ft e r r idi n g 2 m il e s w e n t t o vi e w t he c a m p fr o m a h e i g h t a n d
,
d d p —c a m e l s s h o u ld b e c o u n t e d it c a m e o u t
o r e re t h a t t he c a m
a t 5 70 .
F ol . 2 3 16 .
2
M a n if es t ly a p un is m a de on t he g id e s
u
’
n a m e an d o n t he cap -a- i e ro
p b e of ho n o u r
t he o ff e n d e rs did n o t rec e ive .
2
a a r d a -n i ng a ldi -
g lt a , a no v l ph
e r as e .
3 I un de r s ta n d th t th a e ser v t hd
an s a com e t o d o t he n l
e q u i v a en t fo r ki ssm g
ha n ds on an a pp i t m e to n n v z i t k
. l o n ee .
K AB U L
Wh d h e d o f t he q u a l i t i e s o f t he s a m b ha l p 1a n t ; w e s a w
a ear
2
i
it o n t h s g r o u n d ; a l o n g t h i s h ill -s ki r t it g ro ws s p a rs e ly a pl a n t ,
he re a pl a n t t he re ; it g ro w s a b u n d a n tly a n d t o a l a rg e s ize
,
t
fu r he l o n t h e s ki rt -h ill s o f H in d fi s t an I t will b e d e s c ib e d
r a g r .
w he n a n a c c o u n t is g iv e n o f t he a n i m a l s a n d pl a n t s o f
H in d ii s t an .
2
(Ma r c6 ) M a rc i
2 0 t6
h n g f r o m t h a t c a m p a t b e a t o f d ru m ( i e . .
o n e ho u r b e fo re d a y ) w e di s m o u n t e d a t b r e a k fa s t -t i m e ( 9 a m )
, .
b e l o w t he S a n g d a ki -p a s s a t m id -d a y m a rc he d o n c ro s s e d t he , ,
p a s s c ro s s e d t he t o r re n t a n d d i s m o u n t e d o n t he r i s i n g -g ro u n d
, , .
( M a r c6 2 1 s t ) M a r c h i n g t h e n c e a t m id n i g ht w e m a d e a n ,
e x c u r s i o n t o t he fo rd 3 w e h a d c r o s s e d w he n o n o u r w a y t o B hi ra .
A g re a t ra ft o f g ra i n ha d s t u c k in t he m u d o f t ha t s a m e fo r d
a n d do w h a t it s o w n e rs w o u ld
,
c o u ld n o t b e m a d e t o m o v e , .
T he c o r n w a s s e iz e d a n d s ha re d o u t t o t ho s e with u s Ti m e ly .
i n d e e d w a s t ha t c o rn
N e a r n o o n w e w e re a l i t t l e b e l o w t he m e e ti n g o f t he w a t e rs
o f K ab u l a n d S i n d ra t he r a b o v e o ld N i l-ab ; w e d i s m o u n t e d
,
t he re b e tw e e n t w o w a t e rs 4 F r o m N i l-ab s ix b o a t s w e re b ro u g ht .
,
a n d w e re a pp o r t i o n e d t o t he r i h t l e ft a n d c e n t r e w ho b u s i e d
W
g , ,
t he m se lv e s e n e rg e t i c a lly in c ro s s i n g t he r ive r ( I n d u s ) e go t .
t h e re o n a M o n d a y t he y k e pt o n c ro s s i n g t he w a t e r t hro u g h
t he n i g ht p re c e d i n g T u e s d a y ( Ma r c6 2 2 n d ) t h ro u g h T u e s d a y ,
a n d u p t o W e d n e s d a y ( Ill a r c6 23 r d ) a n d o n Th u r s d a y ( z at 6 )
a l s o a fe w c r o s s e d .
H at i s k i n s m a n P a r b a t he w ho fro m A n d a rab a w a s s e n t t o
’
H at i w i t h a s e rv a n t o f Mu h A li f a ng - h b an k
‘
a
y g n c a m e t o t e .
,
o f t he r iv e r wi t h H at i s o ffe r i n f t re d h o rs e N l
’
g o a n a c c o u i .
abi s a l s o c a m e b ro u g ht a n a c c o u t re d ho rs e a n d d id o b e i s a n c e
,
.
( s . Va r iou s p os t i ng s ) .
M u h a m m a d A li f a ng -f a ng h a d wi s he d t o s t a y in B hi ra b u t
‘
B hi ra be i n g b e s t o w e d o n H in d ii Be g he wa s g ive n t he c o u n t r i e s
‘
sp ik d Sp d s I di H d6 k G d i g id t ifi s
’
2
enar ee e m 66 l w it h
n an an oo on ar en n en e sa a
“
.
Vl i j tm
a er a n a i ( Si W J a es R xb gh ) ; it i th e l pik d f t h
ans r . on o ur s r ea s enar o e
anc ie t highly e t m d l ik
n s, s p fm d s a s t im l t m d ic i e ;
s ee e a t ive e a a er u e an a u an e n na
fl
p c t it i t ee m i g it v l bl e i hy t i d e pil e p y s wo d di
” ’
ra o n e rs e s n B ab kl t
a ua n s er a an s . ur r ra z
i
s so m wh t l ge f e t h pl
a t ar or e an .
It i t g ive h w v 3 i th gh t h I d
2
s no n, o e er e ro u e n us
P h p t hi i ki a-a a i ( m ya ~
. . . .
4 er a s du - 6 ) w s t h e
s a gl m d by t he I d s its l f
—s r s z n
'
a a an e a e n u e
b l w A t k pe h p e m d e by t he I d
e o a r d
a l
s on t a n us a n an a u en .
K AB U L
( Ma r c6 2 6 t 6 ) M a rc h i n g o n n e x t d ay we re a c he d B ig ram a n d ,
w e n t t o s e e G fi r-k ha t t ri T h i s is a s m a lli s h a bo d e a ft e r t he
.
,
fa s h i o n o f a he r m it a g e r a t he r c o n fi n e d a n d d a r k .
A ft e r e n t e r i n g a t t he d o o r a n d g o i n g d o w n a fe w s t e p s o n e m u s t ,
l ie fu ll l e n g t h t o g e t b e y o n d T he re is n o g e t t i n g in wi t ho u t
.
a lam p . A ll r o u n d n e a r t he b u ild i n g t he re is le t lie a n e n o rm o u s

q u a n t i t y o f h a i r o f t h e h e a d a n d b e a rd w h i c h m e n h a v e s h a v e d
o ff t he re T he re a re a g re a t m a n y r e t re a t s ( 6 uf ra ) n e a r G ar
.
k ha tt ri l ik e t ho s e o f a re s t -ho u s e o r a c o ll e g e In t he y e a r we .
c a m e i n t o K ab u l ( 9 10 A H ) a n d o v e r -ra n K o h at B a n m i a n d t he
‘
.
,
pl a i n we m a d e a n e x c u rs i o n t o B i g ram s a w it s g re a t t re e a n d
, ,
we re c o n s u m e d wi t h r e g re t a t n o t s e e i n g G ar-k ha t t ri b u t it d o e s ,
n o t s e e m a pl a c e t o r e g re t n o t -s e e in g
I
.
O n t h i s s a m e d a y a n e x c e ll e n t ha wk o f m i n e w e n t a s t ra y o u t
o f S ha ikhi m t he h e a d -fa l c o n e r s c h a rg e
’
it ha d t a k e n m a n y
c r a n e s a n d s t o r k s a n d h a d m o u lt e d ( t icla6) t w o o r t hr e e t i m e s
'
S o m a n y t h in g s d id it t a k e t ha t it m a d e a fo wl e r o f a p e rs o n s o
r
l it t l e k e e n a s I
A t t h i s pl a c e w e re b e s t o w e d 10 0 m is q als O f s ilv e r c l o t h i n g ,
( t za n ) t hre e b u ll o c k s a n d o n e b u ffa l o o u t o f t he o ffe r i n g s o f

, ,
H i n d us t an o n e a c h o f s ix p e rs o n s t he c h i e fs o f t he D il a z ak
, ,
A fg han s u n d e r M a l ik B u K han a n d M a l ik M as a t o o t he rs in ,
t he i r d e g re e w e re g ive n m o n e y p i e c e s O f c l o t h a b u ll o c k a n d
, , ,
a b u ffa l o .
( M a r c 6 2 7 t 6 ) W h e n w e d i s m o u n t e d a t A l i -m a s j id a D il a z ak
‘
,
A fg han o f t he Y a q fi b -k h a il n a m e d Ma r fi f b ro u g ht a n O ffe r i n g
‘ ‘
, ,
o f 10 s he e p t w o a s s -l o a d s o f r i c e a n d e i g ht l a rg e c he e s e s
,
.
( M a r c6 M a r c h i n g o n fro m A li - m a s j id w e d i s m o u n t e d
‘
,
a t Y a d a -b i r ; fro m Y a d a -b i r J ai -s h ahi w a s r e a c he d by t he M id
d a y P r a y e r a n d w e t he r e d i s m o u n t e d T o d ay D o s t Be g wa s .
a t t a c k e d by b u r n i n g fe v e r .
( M a r c 6 9 )
2 t6 M a r c h i n
g fr o m J a i -s h ahi a t d a w n w e a t e o u r
,
m id d ay m e a in t he
- l B ag h i w
- - a f a A t t h e . M id -d a y P r a y e r we
b e t o o k o u rs e lve s o u t o f t he g a rd e n c l o se t o t he E v e n i n g P r a y e r
,
fo rd e d t he S iy ah-ab a t G a n d a m a k s a ti s fi e d o u r ho rs e s hu n g e r
’
in a fi e ld o f g re e n c o rn a n d ro d e o n in a g a r i o r t w o ( 4 4 8
,
2 —
14 5 6
2
.
9 25 A H .
-
J A N . 3 1 m TO D EC . 23 1m 15 19 A D .
A ft e r c ro s s n
g i t he S ii r kh -ab , we d ism o u nted at K a rk and to o k Fo l . 2 3 36 .
a s ee l p .
( Ma r c6 j o t 6 ) R idi n g b e fo re s ho o t of d a y fro m K a rk I , we n t
wit h 5 or 6 o t he r s by t he r o a d t a k i n g O ff fo r Q a ra-t ii in o rd e r t o
en o j y t he s i g ht of a g a rd e n t he re m a d e . K ha l i fa a n d S hah
H a s a n B e g a n d t he r e s t w e n t by t he o t he r ro a d t o a wa i t m e a t
Q fi r ii q
-s ai .
W he n w e re a c he d Q a ra-t a S hah Be g A rg lz iZn s c o m m i s s a ry ,

’
( t a w ac6 i ) Q i zi l ( R u fu s ) b ro u g ht w o rd t ha t S hah Be g ha d t a k e n
K ahan pl u n d e re d it a n d re t i re d
, .
A n o rd e r h a d b e e n g iv e n t ha t n o -o n e s o e v e r s ho u ld t a k e n e ws
o f u s a he a d . W
e r e a c he d K ab u l a t t he M id -d a
y P ra y e r no ,
p e rs o n in it k n o w i n g a b o u t u s t ill w e -g o t t o Q fi t lijq -q a da m s ’
b r id g e A s H u m ay fi n a n d K am ran he a r d a b o u t u s o n ly a ft e r
.
t ha t t he re w a s n o t t i m e t o p u t t he m o n ho rs e b a c k t he y m a d e
,
t he i r p a g e s c a r ry t he m c a m e a n d did o b e i s a n c e b e t w e e n t he
, ,
g a t e s o f t h e t o w n a n d t h e c it a d e l A t t h e O t h e r P r a y e r t he re .
I
w a i t e d o n m e Q as i m Be g t he t o w n Q azi t he re t a i n e rs l e ft in , ,
K ab u l a n d t he n o t a bl e s o f t he pl a c e .
( p
A r i l 2 nd
) A t t h e O t h e r P r a y e r o f F r id a y t he I s t o f t he
se c o n d R b a i t h e e w
r
‘
a s a w i n e p a r t y a t w h i c h a s p e c i a l he a d —t o
-
’
fo o t ( 6as 6 -ay aq) w a s b e s t o w e d o n S hah H a s a n .
( Ap r il 3 r d ) A t d a w n o n S a t u rd a y w e w e n t o n b o a rd a b o a t
a n d t o o k o u r m o rn i n g N ar B e g t h e n n o t o b e d i e n t
?
,
pl a y e d t he l u t e a t t hi s g a t he r i n g A t t he M id -da y P ra ye r w e .
l e ft t he b o a t t o vi s i t t he g a rd e n m a d e be t w e e n K u l-k i n a 3 a n d
t he m o u n t a i n ( S h a h -i -k ab u l ) A t t he E ve n i n g P ra y e r we we n t .
t o t he Vi o l e t g a r d e n w he re t he re w a s d r i n ki n g a g a i n
- F ro m .
K u l-k i n a I g o t in by t he ra m p a r t a n d w e n t i n t o t he c i t a d e l .
( dea t 6 )
’
u . D os t B eg s .
( p
A r il 6 t 6 ) O n t he ni g ht o f T u es d a y t he st h o f t he m o n t h 4 ,
t he ro a d h a d h a d fe v e r w e n t t o G o d s m e r c y
’
D o st B e g , w ho on , . Fol . 2 34 .
2
H u m ay ii n wa s 1 2 , am ran o u n e r K y g
o n e s u rm ise s t ha t B a u r wo u ha e wa e b ld v lk d
d
u n e r t he sa m e c irc u m s t a n c e s .
2
sa 6 u 6 i , t h e m o rn in - ra u g ht gd
In 16 2 3 ie t ro e a a é t o o a s_a 6u 6 z w it h
. AD P . d ll V ll k '
Mr ho m a s as t e , t h e h e a o f t h e m e rc ha n t s o f S u ra t , w h ich wa s o f ho t s ic e w in e
. T R l d p d
a n d si epp d g
in t h e m o r n in s t o c o m fo r t t h e s t o m a c h ( H a u t e d
’
kl y . p .
3 f 12 8 and n o te
. .
4 A n lic é in t h e n i h t
g ,
r e c e in g p
u es a d gT dy .
39 6 K AB U L
Sad an d g r i e v e d e n o u g h w e w e re ! H is bi e r a n d c o rp s e we re
i d
c a rr e t o G h a z n i w he re t he y l a id him in fro n t o f t he g a t e o f t he
S u l t an s g a rd e n ( r a u z a )
’
.
D o s t Be g ha d b e e n a v e ry g o o d b ra v e ( y iki t ) a n d he w a s stil l
r i s i n g in r a n k a s a b e g B e fo re he w a s m a d e a b e g he d id
.
,
e x c e ll e n t t h i n g s s e v e ra l ti m e s a s o n e o f t h e h o u s e ho ld On e .
i
t m e wa s a t R a b at -i-z a u ra
q o n e ygz 6 a c6 f r o m A n di j an w h e
, n
I
S l A h m a d T a m 6a l a t t a c k e d m e a t n i g ht ( 9 0 8
. I w i t h 10 ,
t o 1 5 m e n by m a ki n g a s t a n d h a d fo rc e d h is g a ll o p e rs b a c k ;
, ,
w he n w e re a c he d h is c e n t re he m a d e a s t a n d w i t h a s m a n y a s ,
100 m e n ; t he re w e re t he n t h re e m e n wit h m e i e th e re w e r e , . .
fo u r c o u n t i n g m y s e l f N as ir s D o s t ( i e D o s t B e g ) w a s o n e o f
.
’
. .
t he t hre e ; a n o t he r w s M i rz a Q u l i K een/dos e ;
a K a ri m dad
-
T u r km an w a s t he o t he r I w a s j u s t in m y ji 6a ; T a m b a l a n d
.
2
a n o t he r w e re s t a n d i n g l ik e g a t e -w a r d s in fro n t o f h is a rr a y ;
I c a m e fa c e t o fa c e w i t h T a m b a l s ho t a n a rro w s t r iki n g his ,
he l m ; s h o t a n o t he r a i m i n g a t t he a t t a c h m e n t o f h is s h i e ld ; 3
t he y s ho t o n e t hro u g h m y le g ( 622mm ) ; T a m b a l c h o pp e d a t m y
he a d .It w a s w o n d e r fu l T he ( u n d e r ) -c a p o f m y he l m w a s o n
m y h e a d n o t a th re a d o f it w a s c u t b u t o n t he h e a d i t s e l f wa s ,
a v e ry b a d w o u n d O f o t he r he lp c a m e n o n e n o o n e w a s l e ft
.
-
w it h m e ; o f n e c e s s ity I b ro u g h t m y s e l f t o g a ll o p b a c k Dost .
Be g ha d be e n a l ittl e in m y re a r ( T a m b a l ) o n l e a vi n g m e a l o n e ,
c h o pp e d a t him 4 .
Fol . 2 34 6 . A g a i n w he n we w e re g e t t i n g o u t o f A khs i [
, 908 D o st
6
Be g c ho pp e d a w a y a t B aq i Hi z who a lt ho u g h p e o pl e c a ll e d ,
him H ie w a s a m i g h ty m a s t e r o f t he s w o rd
, D o s t Be g w a s o n e .
o f t he e i g ht l e ft with m e a ft e r w e w e r e o u t o f A khs i he w a s t he
t h i r d t he y u n ho rs e d .
A g a i n a ft e r he ha d b e c o m e a b e g w he n S i fi nju k K han
,
.
( A zi z 6eg) a r r ivi n
g w it h t he ( A fi z b e g ) s u l t an s b e fo re T as hki n t
, ,
be s i e g e d A h m a d -i-q as i m [K o6 6u r ] in it [9 1 8 D o s t Be g
f 10 6 6
2
. .
2
T hi wo u s ld d
b e t he u n e r -co rse e t t o w h ic h t he fo u r l
a t e s o f m a i w e r e a t t a c he pl l d
whe n m a i w as w o rn l Ba u r in t h is a b dv
e n t u r e wo r e n o m a i , n o t e e n his he m
. on l v l
d d
h i s h e a w a s t h e u n e r c a p o f t he m e t a h e m l l .
3 I dx
n e s n g 6 a r z c6 a . .
’
4 T h e e a r ie r a c c o u n t
l lp
he s t o m a e t h is o n e c ea re r ( f k l .
5 f 1 1 2 et s e
.
q .
6
C a ta m it e , m is t a e n k ly rea d as k6 i z on f 1 12 6 ( Mém oi r es ii,
.
7 H e was a c t in g
fo r Ba b ur (T l
ra n s a t o r s
’
N o te s a H S iii, 3 18 ;
. . . . T R pp
. . . 2 60 , 2 70 )
K AB U L
( 20 . Vis it to t6 e K o6 -dam a n .
)
( Ap r il ) T u e s d a y
2 0 t6
t h e 1 9 t h o f t he m o n th we ro d e o u t
On ,
a t t he re t u rn o f n o o n fo r K hw aj a S ih - y aran Thi s d a y I w a s .
“
ti
fa s n g . i
A ll a s t o n s he d Yfi n a s -i - a li a n d t he r e s t s a id
, A
‘
”
T u e s d a y ! a j o u rn e y ! a n d a fa s t ! T h i s is a m a zi n g ! A t Bi h
z ad i w e d i s m o u n t e d a t t he Oaz i s ho u s e In t he e ve n i n g w he n ’
.
a s t i r w a s m a d e fo r a s o c i a l g a t he r i n g t he Q az i s e t t h i s b e fo re ,
me In m y ho u s e s u c h t h i n g s n e v e r a re
,
it is fo r t he ho n o u re d
P ad s hah t o c o m m a n d F o r h is he a r t s c o n t e n t d r i n k w a s l e ft
’
o u t t ho u g h a ll t he m a t e r i a l fo r a p a r t y w a s r e a dy
,
.
( Ap il 2 s ) O W d
r 1 t n e n e s d y w we
a e n t t o K h w a j S ih y aran
a - .
( p
A r i l 2 2 n d ) O n T h u rs d a y t h e 2 2 n d o f t he m o n t h w e h a d ,
a l a rg e ro u n d s e a t m a d e in t he g a rd e n u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n o n t he
m o u n t a i n -n a z e .
I
( p
A r il 2 3 r d ) O n F r id a y w e g o t o n a ra ft fr o m t he b r id ge .
O n o u r c o m i n g O pp o s i t e t he fo w l e rs h o u s e s t he y b ro u g ht a da ng
’
,
( o r ding ) t he y ha d c a u g h t I h a d n e ve r s e e n o n e b e fo re ; it is
2
. 2356
.
.
a n o dd -l o o ki n bi d I t w il l m i t o t h a c c o u n t o f t he bi r d s
g r c o e n .e
o f H i n d u st a n 3 .
( p
A r il 2 4 t 6 ) O n S a t u rd a y t he 2 3 rd o f t he m o n t h c u tti ng s
w e re pl a n t e d p a rtly o f pl a n e p a r tly o f t al 4 a b o v e t he ro u n d
, , ,
se a t A t t he M id -d a y P ra y e r t he re wa s a wi n e -p a rt y a t t he pl a c e
. .
( Ap r il 25 t 6 ) A t d a w n w e t o o k o u r m o rn i n g o n t he n e w
se a t A t n o o n w e m o u n t e d a n d s t a r t e d fo r K ab u l re a c he d
.
,
K hw aj a H a s a n q u it e d ru n k a n d s l e p t a w hil e ro d e o n a n d by ,
-
m id n i g ht g o t t o t he C har b ag h A t K hw aj a H a s a n A bd u l lah
‘ ’
- .
, ,
in his d ru n k e n n e s s t hre w h i m s e l f i n t o w a t e r j u s t a s he w a s in h is
,
'
t un a zif r ag ki s H e w a s fro z e n w it h c o ld a n d c o u ld n o t g o o n
wi t h u s w he n we m o u n t e d a ft e r a l i t t l e o f t he n i g ht h a d p a s s e d .
H e s t a y e d o n Q at lii q K hw aj a s e s t a t e t ha t n i g ht N e x t day ’
.
,
a w a k e n e d t o h is p a s t i n t e m p e r a n c e he c a m e o n r e p e n t a n t S a id ,
.
I A t o n c e w ill t hi s s o r t o f re p e n t a n c e a n s we r o r n o t P W o u ld
,
t o G o d y o u w o u ld re p e n t n o w a t o n c e in s u c h a w a y t ha t y o u
2
1 37 .
2
T hi i t h A dj t t -bi d Pi
s s e u an r , d g
r -i- a n and gl
H a r i a ( B o n e -s wa ll o w er ) o f H in dfi s t an ,
a m ig t th
ra n gh Kab l T h ro u u . e fo wl e rs wh o b g
ro u h t it w o u ld b e t he M lta
u n is of
14 2 6 .
3 2 80 .
2
‘
Mem oi r s p , . 2 6 7, s yc a m o re ; Mem oi r es
’
ii, 8 4 , s a u les ; f
. 13 7 .
5 P e rha p s wit h his l g

on c o a t o u t -s p re a d .
9 25 A H .
—
JAN . 3 RD TO DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
w o u ld d r i n k n o w h e re e xce pt at my p a rt i e s ! He a g re e d to
t h i s a n d k e p t t he r u l e fo r a fe w m o n t hs , b u t co u ld not k e e p it
l o nge n
(x . H in d iz B eg a 6a n don s B 6 ira .
)
( p r il
A ) M o2 6t6 On
n d a y t he 2 5 t h c a m e H i n d a Be
g T h e re .
ha vi n g b e e n hO p e o f p e a c e he h a d b e e n l e ft in t ho s e c o u n t r i e s ,
w i t h s o m e w h a t s c a n t s u pp o r t N o s o o n e r w a s o u r b a c k t u rn e d .
t h a n a m a s s o f H in d fi s t an i s a n d A f h an s t h re d di s re a r d e d
g g a e g ,
u s a n d n o t li s t e n i n
, g t o o u r w o rd s m o v e d a g a i n s t H i n d a Be g in ,
B hi ra T he l o c a l p e o pl e s a l s o w e n t o v e r t o t he A fg han s H i n d a
.
.
B e g c o u ld m a k e n o s t a n d in B hi ra c a m e t o K hus h -ab c a m e , ,
t h ro u g h t he D i n -ko t c o u n t ry c a m e t o N i l-ab c a m e o n t o K ab u l , , .
S i kt t i s s o n D i w a H i n di? a n d a n o t he r H i n d a ha d b e e n b ro u g ht
’
’
p r i s o n e r fro m B hi ra E a c h n o w g ivi n g a c o n s id e ra bl e r a n s o m
.
,
t he y w e re r e l e a s e d H o rs e s a n d he a d -t o -fo o t d re s s e s h a vi n g
.
b e e n g iv e n t he m l e a ve t o g o w a s g r a n t e d , .
( Ap r il 3 0 26 ) O n F r id a y t he 2 9 t h o f t he m o n t h b u rn i n g fe v e r ,
a pp e a re d in m b o dy I o t m y e l f le t bl o o d I h a d fe v e r wit h
y g s . .
s o m e t i m e s t w o s o m e t i m e s t h r e e d a y s b e t w e e n t he a t t a c k s
,
In .
n o a t t a c k d id it c e a s e t ill t he re h a d b e e n s w e a t a ft e r s w e a t .
A ft e r 10 o r 1 2 d a y s o f ill n e s s M u ll a K hw aj a g a v e m e n a r c i s s u s ,
m i x e d w i t h wi n e ; I d ra n k it o n c e o r t w i c e ; e v e n t ha t d id
n o go o d .
M
( y 3 )
a 1 7 6 O n S u n d a y t h e 1 st h o f t h e fi r s t J u m a d a K h w a j a
2
M u h a m m a d A li c a m e fro m K hw as t b r i n g i n g a s a ddl e d ho rs e
‘
,
a s a n o ffe r i n g a n d a l s o t a s a ddu
q m o n e y M uh S h a ri f t h e
?
.
a s t ro l o g e r a n d t he Mi r -z ad a s o f K hw as t c a m e w i t h h im a n d
wa i t e d o n m e .
( May 1 6 t 6 ) N e xt d ay M o n d a y M u ll a K a bi r c a m e fro m , ,
K as h g ha r ; he ha d g o n e r o u n d by K as hg h a r o n his w a y fro m
A n d ij an t o K ab u l .
M
( y 3 )
a 2 r d O n M o n d a y t h e 2 3 r d o f t h e m o n t h M a l ik S h a h ,
h Y f
'
M a n s ar Yas uf z a a rr iv e d r m S a w d i
- i f o a w t 6 o r 7 a s u -z a i
'
c h i e fs a n d d id o b e i s a n c e
,
.
T h f t igh t s g p f d h d d will b d e t ill ess

2 ’
e or n a o re c o r , e re e n e , e u o n .
t h F ift h lo f 2 38 d ti g
W it t t o him Pad hah s t he Q an com m nd the
f 2 0 36 d t [( 6 m T dd q
2
. an n . o a s s, e . a sa u occur a s on . eno n
m oney t t Bab se n o ur . as se n as s , a or a s
[( 6 m t b
a st t t h e I m am f
o e sen th p o o th t e ll e n d t he , pha P or e o r, e ra v r a or n
K AB U L
M
( y
a 3 ) 1st On Mo n day d J u m ad a t he
t he Ist of t he se co n ,
i
ch e s of f t h e Y a s u f -z ai A fg h an s le d by M a lik S hah M a n s ar w e re
d re s s e d in ro be s o f ho n o u r T o M a lik S hah M a n s ar
iv
wa s g e n a o n g l s ilk c o a t a n d a n u n d e r - c o a t (P j i 6 a ) w i t h it s
b u t t o n s ; t o o n e o f t he o t he r c h i e fs w a s g ive n a c o a t wi t h s ilk
s l e e ve s a n d t o s ix
,
o t he rs s ilk c o a t s T o a ll l e a v e t o g o w a s .
anted A e e m e n t w a s m a d e wi t h t he m t ha t t he y w e re n o t
g r g r .
t o r e c k o n a s in t he c o u n t ry o f S a w ad w ha t w a s a b o v e A b u h a ( P) ,
t ha t t he y s ho u ld m a k e a ll t he p e a s a n t s b e l o n g i n g t o it g o o u t
fro m a m o n g s t t he m s e lv e s a n d a l s o t ha t t he A fg han c u l t iv a t o rs,
o f Ba j au r and S a w a d s h o u ld c a s t i n t o t h e r e v e n u e 6 o oo a s s -lo ads

o f ric e .
([ une 2 n d) O n W e d n e s d a y t h e 3 r d I d r a n k j u l —c i 6 , .
2
([ 5 )
u n e t 6 O n S a t u r d a y t h e 6 t h I d r a n k a w o r ki n -d ra u h t
g g ,
( d r zZ i
d -
7 ) h 8 h
(l u n e t 6 O n M o n d a y t e t a r r iv e d t he w e dd i n - i ft fo r
g g ,
t he m a rr i a g e o f Q as i m B e g s y o u n g e s t s o n H a m z a wi t h K ha l i fa s
’ ’
e ld e s t d a u g h t e r I t w a s o f 10 00 s 6 a6 r u k6 i t he y O ffe re d a l s o
.
a s a ddl e d ho rs e .
(j & )
’
u n e 6 O n T u e s d a y S h a h B e g s S h a h H a s a n a s k e d fo r
p e r m i s s i o n t o g o a w a y fo r a wi n e -p a r t y H e c a rr i e d o ff t o his .
ho u s e K hw aj a Mu nd so m e f h h s e ho ld b e g s
‘
h A li a . o t e o u - In .
m y p re s e n c e w e re Y ii n a s -i- a li a n d G a d ai T a g hai I w a s s till

‘
.
a bs t a i n i n i a id l
“ N o t a t a l l in i
'
it
g f r o m w ne S . t h s wa , y is
( 6 cc6 a n daq 6al m ai di ) t ha t I w ill s it s o b e r a n d t he p a r t y d r i n k

'
wi n e I s t a y s a n e fu ll O f w a t e r a n d t ha t s e t ( 6 22la k) o f p e o pl e g e t
’
, , ,
d ru n k c o m e y o u a n d d r i n k in m y p re s e n c e ! I w ill a m u s e
m y s e l f a l i t tl e by w a t c h i n g w ha t i n t e r c o u rs e be t w e e n t he s o b e r
” 2
a n d t he d ru n k is l ik e T he p a r t y w a s he ld in a s m a ll i s h t e n t
.
in w hi c h I s o m e t i m e s s a t in t he Pl a n e -t re e g a rd e n s o u t h-e a s t ,
o f t he Pi c t u re -h a ll L a t e r o n G h iy a t e
. s h h o u s e b u ffo o n ( ki d i )
-
a rr iv e d s e v e r a l ti m e s fo r fu n he w a s o rd e re d k e p t o u t bu t at ,
l a s t he m a d e a g re a t d i s t u rb a n c e a n d h is b u ffo o n e r i e s fo u n d him
a wa
y i n e i n. vit e W
d T a rd i M u h am m ad Q i 6 c6 ci
q a l s o a n d
2
R o se -wa t e r , sh e r b
p g t ive ; E gl i h j l p j l p
et , a ur a n s , a a ,
u e .
M E ki
2
r . d t d Bab t o y t h t h v h d t b
rs ne un e rs o o ur sa a e ne er a sa so er whi l e o th e rs
d k b t t hi d n t g wit h t h e
ra n u s oes t f H at
o t t i m
a re e a cc o un o ar e n er a n en ts [9 1 2 AH .
orw it h t h e t ses o f t h p ss g he
en My im p i i th t he e a a e re . re ss o n s a sa i d in e ffe c t
Ev y - er h e e s h l l no t b d p ive d o f t h i w i
o ne r a e e r e r ne
K AB U L
g o i ng fro m D ih-i-a fg han t o w a r d s t he t o w n . It wa s m a de out
t o be D a rw i s h -i-m u h a m m a d S ar 6ci n o n his w a y t o m e a s t he

W
,
e n v o y o f M i rz a K h an ( W a i s ) e s h o u t e d t o h im fr o m t he ro o f .
,
“D ro p t he e n v o y s fo r m s a n d c e re m o n i e s ! C o m e ! c o m e wi t h o u t
’
”
fo r m a lity ! H e c a m e a n d s a t d o w n in t he c o m p a n y H e wa s .
t he n o b e d i e n t a n d d id n o t d r i n k D r i n ki n g we n t o n t il l t he e n d .
o f t he e v e n i n g N e xt d a y he c a m e i n t o t he C o u rt S e s s i o n w i t h
.
d u e fo rm a n d c e re m o n y a n d p re s e n t e d M i rz a K han s g i ft s
’
, .
(y . Va r iou s in ciden t s ) .
L astye a r wi t h 10 0 e ffo rt s m u c h p ro m i s e a n d th re a t s w e h a d
2
, ,
o t t h e c l a n s t o m a rc h i n t o K ab u l fr o m t he o t he r s id e ( o f H i n d a
g
k u s h) K ab u l is a c o n fi n e d c o u n t ry n o t e a s ily g ivi n g s u m m e r
.
,
a n d w i n t e r q u a r t e rs t o t h e v a r i o u s fl o c k s a n d h e r d s o f t he T u r k s
a n d ( Mu g h t i l P) c l a n s If t he dw e ll e rs in t h e wild s fo ll o w t he i r
‘
o w n he a rt s t he y d o n o t wi s h fo r K ab u l !
,
T he y n o w w a it e d
( k6 i d m a t q i l i 6 ) o n Q as i m B e g a n d m a d e h im t h e i r m e d i a t o r
w i t h m e fo r p e r i i n m s s o t o r -
e c r o s s t o t h a t o t he r s id e H e t ri e d .
v e ry ha rd s o in t he e n d t he y w e re a ll o we d t o c ro s s o v e r t o t he
, ,
Q a n d a z a n d B a h l an s id e
g .
H afiz t he n e w s -w r i t e r s e ld e r b ro th e r ha d c o m e fro m S a m a r ’
k a n d w he n I n o w g a v e h im l e a v e t o re t u rn I s e n t m y D i w an ,
by him t o P ul ad S u l t an O n t he b a c k o f it I w ro t e t he fo l l o wi n g ?
v e rs e
0 b if t ho u e n t er t ha t c r ess c ha m er ( 6 a r i m )
re e z e yp ’
b
Re m in d
he r o f m e , m y h ea r t r e ft a se n ce by b
y
Sh e ea rn s n o t fo r Ba u r h e fo s t e rs a ho e b p
Tha t he r h ea r t o f s t e e G o d o n e da y m ay m e t 3 l l .
( ju ly 15 t6 ) On F r id a y
S ha ik h M a zi d t he 1 7 th of t he m o n t h,
K ii kfi ld as h w a i t e d o n m e fro m M u h a m m a d -i-z a m an M i rz a ,
b ri n g i n g t a s a ddu q t r ib u t e a n d a ho rs e 4 T o d a y S hah B e g s .
’
e n v o y A b fi l-m u s l i m K fi kijld as h w a s r o b e d in a n h o n o r a ry d r e s s
’
y i l p h ps i t h e l t n d i l d ye p hp i li
'
tk
'
2
h
‘
a zc an , er a n s as a u nc ro n c e ar er a s n ear er o ne .
Th e e s v l fere c i t he B N t t he e f ce d m ig t i
er ar e e ra re n d e m igr t i ns
es n . . o n or ra ons a n a o
o f t ib s i t o K ab l
r e n u .
2
P i lad ( S t e e l ) w as a s
i f K ac h am t h t h e K haq a f t he A i b eg a n d M ih
on o , e n n o iz s, r
b a fi wh m y b e Bab s h l f-s i t e [I n d x
’
n o a ] ur a s r . e s n
. .
3Thi m y b e w itt f M ih -bam P alad m o the nd Bab

s a r en h l f-si t
or ( P) r
'
i,
’
s r a ur s
’
a s er
an d j t m de h h rt P lad
a es a d on t el to h b ot h
er Sh h d
ea t l ft
as u
’
s an as s e er r er . e a no e
h b d
us and s wh Bab
an
g t th onpp h d hi h l f s i t
en Yadga ur l ta did o e u er an , as s a s er r su n
d th w ives f pt e g H id B ab hym t hi v
’ ’
an o er i t e H 6i 6
o ca sur e . .e a ar s s s r a a . ur r e s 1n s e rs
t f his l t t d d i 6a6 k k li k k k li -k ’
a re n o o a e r s an ar a su un u a, un u a.
, ,
T dd q se t t
as a Bab u wo ld em n kn wl d gm e t f his s ain ty i
o ur u se an ac o e n o uz er n
B lkh [I n d x
a e s n . .
9 25 A H .
- AN
J . 3RD T o DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
an d g iv e n
l e a v e t o g o T o d a y a l s o l e a v e w a s g iv e n fo r t he i r .
o w n di s t r i c t s o f K hw as t a n d A n d a r -ab t o K hw aj a M
u ha m m a d
‘
A li a n d T i n g ri -b i rd i .
( ju ly 2 1 s t ) O n T hu rs d a y t he 2 3 rd c a m e Mu h A li f a ng - f gan .
‘
w ho ha d be e n l e ft in c ha r e o f t he c o u n t r i e s n e a r K a c ha -ko t
g
a n d t he
Q a h Wi t h him c a m e o n e o f H at i s p e o pl e a n d
‘
’
r i
q .
-i-m a lfi -i- ar
M z l
’
i r a q aq s s o n S h ah H a s a n T o d a y M u ll a A li j
- an .
‘
w a i t e d o n m e re t u rn e d fro m fe t c h i n h is w i fe fro m S a m a r k a n d
g, .
( T6 e A 6du
‘ ’
a . r -r a 6 m a n Af g /ui n s an d R u st a m
(j u ly 2 7t 6 )
‘
T he A bd u b o rd e r
’
r -r a h m a n A fg h an s on t he G i r di z
w e re ti s fa c t o ry n e i t he r in t he i r t r ib u t e n o r
sa t he i r b e ha vi o u r ;
t he y we re hu rt fu l a l s o t o t he c a ra va n s w h i c h c a m e a n d w e n t .
O n W e d n e s d a y t he 2 9 t h o f R a j a b w e ro d e o u t t o o v e r -r u n t he m
W
.
e d i s m o u n t e d a n d a t e fo o d n e a r T a n -i-w a h c h an d d I
g g a n r o e ,
o n a a i n a t t he M id -d a P y I t h i h t w l t t h d
g y ra e r n e n g e o s e ro a .
a nd t m h b w ild d i t h d d w f t h l d t
g o u c e e r e n e u p s a n o n s o e a n o
t he s o u t h -e a s t o f P at a kh -i-ab -i-s h a kn a A ft e r a t i m e w e lit o n ?

F0] . 2 38 6
.
a ro a d a n d by it c ro s se d t he C h a s h m a -i-t ar a 3 p a s s .
(j yu l A t t h e fi rs t p r a y e r (f a r g q )
-w a t w e
g o t o u t f ro m
t he v a ll e y -b o t t o m a d j a c e n t 4 t o t he l e v e l l a n d a n d t he ra id w a s ,
a ll o w e d O n e d e t a c h m e n t g a ll o p e d t o w a rd s t he K a r-m as h 5
.
m o u n t a i n s o u t h -e a s t o f G i rdi z t he l e ft -h a n d o f t he c e n t re le d
, ,
by K hu s ra u M i rz a Q u l i a n d S a yyid A li in t he i r re a r M o s t o f
,
‘
.
t he a r m y g a ll o p e d u p t he d a l e t o t he e a s t o f G i rdi z h a vi n g in ,
t he i r re a r m e n u n d e r S a yyid Q as i m L o r d o f t he G a t e Mi r S hah ,
QiZc6 i n Q ayy am ( A ard a s hah Be g P) H in d t i Be g Q fi t lijq q a d a m

- -
‘
, , ,
a nd H u sa in [ H a s a n P] M o s t o f t he a r m y h a vi n g g o n e u p t he .
d a l e I fo l l o w e d a t s o m e d i s t a n c e T he d a l e s m e n m u s t ha ve
,
.
be e n a g o o d w a y u p ; t ho s e w ho w e n t a ft e r t he m w o re t he i r
ho rs e s o u t a n d n o t h i n g t o m a k e u p fo r t h i s fe l l i n t o t he i r h a n d s .
S o m e A fg han s o n fo o t s o m e 4 0 o r 5 0 o f t he m ha vi n g a pp e a re d , ,
o n t he pl i
a n h
t e r ea r -r e s e r v e w e n t t o w a r d s t he m
,
A c o u ri e r .
w a s s e n t t o m e a n d I ha s t e n e d o n a t o n c e B e fo re I g o t u p .
2
T p [R t y N t R t
h is is t he G i rdiz - a s s av er
’
s o es , ou e
2
R t y ( p 6 77)
av er gg t t h t Pat kh t d f 6at q q
. su es s a a s an s or
‘
a , a qua gm i re (f . 16 a n d n .
3 th d k e cl dy sp i g
ar , or ou r n .
a
y qi 6 -li
q q ul s l ph se '
, a n u n u su a ra .
5 K m a K m ah K m a M de C
v ar . ar n, d K i -m as ur ,
ar s . . . re a t , t he im p e n e t ra bl e . T he
fo rm w ld giv G m -a h t m b
s ou e ar s, o e e rs .
K AB U L
wi t h t he m H u s a i n H as a n
, ,
a ll a o n e , l fo o li s h ly and t h o u g ht l e s s ly,
p ut his ho rs e at t ho s e A fg han s , g o t in a m o n gs t t he m an d be g a n
t o la y on w i t h h is s wo r d . t hu s m ad e him
T he y s ho t h is ho rs e ,
fa ll s l a s he d a t h im a s h e wa s g e t t i n g u p fl u n g him d o w n k n i fe d
, , ,
h im fro m a ll s id e s a n d c u t him t o pi e c e s w h il e t he o t he r b ra v e s ,
l o o k e d o n s t a n d i n g s till a n d r e a c h i n g him n o he lpi n g ha n d !

,
O n he a r i n g n e w s o f it I hu rr i e d s t ill fa s t e r fo rw a rd a n d s e n t
, ,
som e o f t h e h o u s e h o ld a n d b ra v e s g a ll o pi n g l o o s e -r e i n a h e a d \
u n d e r G a d ai Ta g h ai P a y an d a -i-m u h a m m a d Qip lan A b ii l -h a s a n

’
, ,
t he a r m o u re r a n d M am i n At ak a M am i n At ak a wa s t he fi rs t .
o f t he m t o b r i n g a n A fg h an d o w n h e s p e a re d o n e c u t O ff his ,
he a d a n d b ro u g ht it in A b fi l-h a s a n t he a r m o u re r wit ho u t
’
.
,
m a il a s he w a s w e n t a d m i r a bly fo rw a rd s t o pp e d in fro n t o f t he
, ,
A fg han s l a id h is ho rs e a t t he m c ho pp e d a t o n e g o t h im d o w n
, , , ,
c u t o ff a n d b ro u g ht in h is h e a d K n o w n t ho u g h b o t h w e re fo r .
b ra v e like d e e d s d o n e e a rli e r t he i r a c ti o n in t h i s a ffa i r a dd e d t o

,
t he i r fa m e E ve ry o n e o f t ho s e 4 0 o r 5 0 A fg han s fa lli n g t o
.
,
t he a rro w fa lli n g t o t he s w o rd w a s c u t in pi e c e s
,
A ft e r m a ki n g
, .
a c l e a n s w e e p o f t he m w e d i s m o u n t e d in a fi e ld o f g r o wi n o
fl
, g c rn
a n d o r d e re d a t o w e r o f t he i r he a d s t o b e s e t u A s w e w e n t
p .
a l o n g t he r o a d I s a id wit h a n e r a n d s c o r n t o t he b e s w ho
g , g ,
h a d b e e n wi t h H u s a i n
“
Y o u ! w h a t m e n ! t he r e y o u s t o o d o n
,
q u i t e a t g ro u n d a n d l o o k e d o n w h il e a fe w A fg han s o n fo o t
,
o v e rc a m e s u c h a b ra v e in t he w a t h e y d id ! Y o u r ra n k a n d
y
s t a t i o n m u s t b e t a k e n fro m o u ; o u m u s t l o s e p a rg a n a a n d
y y
c o u n t ry ; y o u r b e a rd s m u s t b e s ha v e d o ff a n d y o u m u s t b e
e x h ibi t e d in t o w n s ; fo r t h e r e s h a ll b e p u n i s h m e n t a s s u r e dly fo r
h im w ho l o o k s o n w h il e s u c h a b r a v e is b e a t e n by s u c h a fo e
”
o n d e a d -l e v e l l a n d a n d r e a c he s o u t n o h a n d t o h e lp !
, T he
t ro o p w h i c h w e n t t o K a r-m as h b ro u g ht b a c k s he e p a n d o t he r
s p o il . O n e o f t he m w a s B ab a Q a s h q a Mug 6 i2l a n A fg han I
h a d m a d e a t h im w i t h a s w o r d he h a d s t o o d s till t o a d j u s t a n
a rro w s h o t it o ff a n d b r o u h t h is m a n d o w n
, g .
([ u ly 2 9 t 6 ) N e x t d a
y a t d a w n w e m a r c h e d fo r K a b u l P a y .
m a s t e r M u h a m m a d A bd u l -a zi z M a s t e r o f t he H o rs e a n d Mi r
‘ ’ ‘
, ,
K hard t he t a s t e r we re o rd e re d t o s t o p a t C ha s hm a -t fi ra a n d ,
g e t p he a s a n t s fro m t he p e o pl e t h e re .
6 l f é m k d
2
a a rth f f a h se s t
ar e d on e ace o or , a rre .
K AB U L
( g
A u u s t 1 2 t6 ) N e x t d a y w e di s m o u n t e d a t I s t al i f a c o n fe c t o n i
wa s eaten o n t ha t d ay .
( g
A u u s t I3 t6 ) On S a t u rd a y t he re was a w i n e -p a rt y at
I s t al i f .
1 4 t 6 ) R id i n d f r o m I s t al i f w e c ro s s e d t he
( g
A u u s t g a t a w n ,
s p a c e b e tw e e n it a n d t h e S i n j id -v a ll e y N e a r K h w a .j a S ih -y aran
a g re a t s na e k w a s kill e d a s t h i c k i t m a y b e a
, s t h e f o r e —a r m a nd ,
a s l o n g a s a q alac6 F r o m it s i n s id e c a m e o u t a s l e n d e re r s n a k e
2
.
,
t h a t s e e m e d t o h a v e b e e n j u s t s w a ll o w e d e ve ry p a r t o f it b e i n g ,
w ho l e ; it m a y ha v e b e e n a l i t t l e s ho rt e r t ha n t he l a rg e r o n e .
F ro m i n s id e t h i s s l e n d e re r s n a k e c a m e o u t a li t t l e m o u s e it t o o
w a s w ho l e b ro k e n n o w he re
?
,
O n r e a c h i n g K h w a j a S ih -y ar an t he re w a s a wi n e -p a r ty T o .
d ay o r e s d r w e e
r w r it t e n a n d d e s p a t c h e d by K i c h k i n a t he
-
n i g h t —w a t c h ( t z a ta r ) t o t he b e g s o n t ha t s id e ( i e n o rt h o f
'
. .
“
H n li k u s h) g ivi n g t he m a re n d e z v o u s a n d s a yi n g
i d -
,
A n a rm y ,
is b e i n g g o t t o h o rs e t a k e t h o u g h t a n d c o m e t o t he re n d e zv o u s
, ,
”
fi xe d
W
.
( A ug u s t 15 t 6 ) e r o d e o u t a t d a w n a n d a t e a c o n fe c ti o n At .
t he i n fa l l o f t he P a rw an -w a t e r m a n y fi s h w e re t a k e n in t he
l o c a l w a y o f c a s ti n g a fi s h -d ru g i n t o t he w a t e r 3 Mi r S hah Be g .
s e t fo o d a n d w a t e r ( cis 6 u a6
) b e fo r e u s w e t h e n r o d e o n t o
G u l-b a har A t a w i n e -p a r ty he ld a ft e r t he E v e n i n g P ra y e r
’
.
,
D a rwi s h -i-m u h a m m a d ( S ci r 6ci n ) w a s p re s e n t T ho u g h a y o u n g .
m a n a n d a s o ldi e r he h a d n o t y e t c o m m it t e d t he s in ( i r t qa 6 ) o f
'
wi n e b u t w a s in o b e d i e n c e Q l K h w j K k l d as6
'
, fi t u q a a a a
h a d l o n g b e fo r e a b a n d o n e d s o ld i e r i n g t o b e c o m e a d a rwi s h ;
m o re o v e r he w a s v e ry o ld his v e ry b e a rd w a s q u it e w h i t e ;
,
n e v e rt he l e s s h e t o o k his s h a r e o f w i n e a t t he s e p a r ti e s S a id .
I t o D a r wi s h-i-m u ha m m a d “ K w j b a rd s ha m e s
’
Q at l fi q ,
h a a s e
y o u ! H e a d a
, r w i s h a n d a n o ld m a n a l w a y s d r i n k s,
wi n e ;
y o u a s o ld i e r a yo u n m a y o u r be a r d q u i t e bl a c k n e ve r
, , g n , ,
d ri n k W ha t d o e s it m e a n P M y c u s t o m be i n g n o t t o p re s s
wi n e o n a n o n -d r i n k e r w i t h s o m u c h s a id it a ll p a s s e d o ff a s
, ,
a j o k e ; h e w a s n o t p r e s se d t o d r i n k .
2
A qa lac lz is fro m fi n g e r -t ip t o fi n g e r -tip of t h e o u t s t re t c h e d a rm s (Ze n k e r p .
72 0
a n d fi l em s ii, .
2
N e it he r i n t er n e is sa i t o ha e ie d v d d 3 f
. 14 3 .
9 25 A H .
—
J A N . 3RD TO D EC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
( A ug u s t l 6 t 6 ) A t d a w n w e m a d e o u r m o rn i n g (s u 6ci 6 i s u 6i26 i
q i l d s ) .
( g
A u u s t 1 7 )
t 6 R idi n
g o n W e d n e s d a y fr o m G u l-i -b a har w e
, Fol . 24 1 .
d i s m o u n t e d in A b an -vill a g e a t e fo o d re m o u n t e d w e n t t o 2
, ,
a s u m m e r -ho u s e in t he o rc h a r d s
( g
6a 6 a t -i -k6 a m
) a n d t he re d is
mounted T he re w a s a wi n e -p a rt y a ft e r t he M id -da y P r a y e r
.
.
( g u st
A u R idi n g o n n e xt d ay we m a d e t he c i rc u i t o f ,
K hw aj a K haw a n d S a i d s t o m b w e n t t o C h i n a —fo rt a n d t he re
‘ ’
f J -w a t e r c o m e s in t he ra ft
g o t o n a ra t u s t w.h e r e t h e P a n j h i r ,
s t r u c k t he n a z e o f a h ill a n d b e a n t o s i n k R h -d a m T i n ri
g a u
g .
,
q u l i a n d Mi r M u h a m m a d t he ra ft s m a n w e re t hro w n i n t o t he
w a t e r by t he s ho c k ; R au h -da m a n d T i n g ri -q u l i w e re g o t o n
t he ra ft a g a i n a C hi n a c u p a n d a s p o o n a n d a t a m bo u r we n t
i n t o t he w a t e r L o w e r d o w n t he ra ft s t ru c k a g a i n o pp o s it e t he
.
,
S g b d ( t he u t s t o n e ) e i t he r o n a b ra n c h in m id -s t re a m
a n —i - a r i a c -
,
o r o n a s t a k e s t u c k in a s a s t o p -w a t e r ( qaqg 6 an R i t
'
q ae zZq) g h .
o v e r o n h is b a c k w e n t S hah B e g s S hah H a s a n c l u t c hi n g a t
’
M i rz a Q u l i K ti kfi ldas h a n d m a ki n g h im fa ll t o o D a r wi s h-i
‘
m u h a m m a d S a r 6ci n w a s a l s o t hro w n i n t o t he w a t e r M i rz a
’
Q u l i w e n t o ve r in his o w n fa s h i o n J u s t w he n he fe ll he w a s ,
c u t t i n g a m e l o n w h i c h he h a d in h is h a n d a s h e w e n t o v e r he ,
s t u c k his k n i fe i n t o t he m a t o f t he ra ft H e s w a m in h is t an .
a tif r ag 6 i a n d g o t o u t o f t he w a t e r w i t ho u t c o m i n g o n t he r a ft
2
L e a vi n g it t ha t n i g h t w e s l e p t a t ra ft s m e n s ho u s e s
’
a ga i n .
, .
D a rwi s h -i-m u ha m m a d S ci r 6an p re s e n t e d m e w i t h a s e ve n

c o l o u re d c u p e x a c t ly lik e t he o n e l o s t in t he w a t e r .
( g 9 )6 O F id y d w y f m h iv ’
A u u s t 1 t n r a w e r o e a a r o t e r e r s
b a n k a n d d i s m o u n t e d b e l o w A i n di ki o n t he s ki r t o f K o h -i-b a c ha
w he re w i t h o u r o w n h a n d s w e g a t he re d pl e n t y o f t o o t h -pi c k s 3
, , .
Fol
. 2 4 16 .
P a s s i n g o n fo o d w a s e a t e n a t t he ho u s e s o f t he K hw aj a K hi z r
W
,
pe o pl e e. r d
o e o n a n d a t t he M id - d a y P ra y e r d i s m o u n t e d
in a vill a g e o f Q at lfi q K hw aj a s fi e f in L a m g h an w he re he m a d e
’
re a dy a h a s t y m e a l ( m a 6 a g i r i ) ; a ft e r p a r t a ki n g o f t h i s we ,
m o u n t e d a n d w e n t t o K ab u l .
2 ’
v ll g
o r A t an s - i a e , o n e g ra n t e d t o Bab u r
’
s m o t he r
’
s o ld gvo e rn e ss (f . G ul
g l
b ada n s u e st - is t ha s a s o a n A t fi n
’
l M am a .
2
f 2 356 a n d n ot e
. .
’ '
m i sw ak On les t i r e p r i n cip a le m en t de l a r 6u s t e ep i n eu x el e c a a r is -soda t a
3 a pp pp
( de C ii, 1 0 1
.
K AB U L
( 66 . Va r iou s i n ciden t s ) .
( A ug u s t 22nd ) On M o n day t he 2 5t h ,
a s pe ci a l ho n o ra ry
d re s s and a sa ddl e d h o rs e w e re b e s t o w e d o n D a r wi s h -i
m u h a m m a d S ei r 6an a nd he w a s m a d e t o k n e e l a s a re t a i n e r
( n a u ka r ) .
( g
A u u s t 2 4 )
t 6 F o r 4 o r 5 m o n t h s I h a d n o t h a d m y h e a d
s ha ve d o n W e d n e s d a y t he 2 7 t h I h a d it d o n e T o d a y t he r e , .
wa s a w i n e -p a r t y .
( g
A u u s t 2 6 t 6 ) O n F r id a y t h e 2 9 t h M i r K h ii r d wa s m a d e t o ,
k n e e l a s H i n d -al s gu a r di a n H e m a d e a n o ffe r i n g o f 100 0

’ 2
.
s 6 a6 r u k6 i s ( c i r ca
( A ug u s t 3 1 s t ) O n W e d n e s d a y t he st h o f R a m z an a d u t i fu l ,
l e t t e r w a s b ro u g ht by T ulik K fi kii ld as h s s e rv a n t B a r l as J fi ki ( P) ’
.
A fi z b e g r a id e rs h a d g o n e i n t o t ho s e p a r t s ( B a d a k hs han ) T ulik
h a d g o n e o u t fo u g ht a n d b e a t e n t he m ,
B a r l as J ak i b ro u g ht .
o n e l iv e A fi z b e g a n d o n e h e a d .
( p
S e 2 n d ) I n
. t h e n i g h t o f S a t u r d a y t h e 8 t h w e b r o k e o u r ,
fa s t in Q as i m B e g s ho u s e ; h e le d o u t a s a ddl e d ho rs e fo r m e
2 ’
.
( p g )
S d O S d y i h t h f t b k i Kh l f
’
e r .n u n a n g t e a s w a s r o e n n a i a s
ho u s e he o ffe re d m e a s a dd l e d h o rs e .
( p 4 )
S e t 6 N e
. xt d a
y c a m e K h w a j a M u h A li a n d J a n -i-n as i r .
‘
who ha d b e e n s u m m o n e d fro m t he i r d i s t r i c t s fo r t he g o o d o f
t he a r m y 3 .
( p 7 )
S 6 O W d d y h K t l l ’
e t n
. e n e s a t h e 1 2 t a m r an s m a e r n a u n c e ,
S l A li M i rz a a rr iv e d 4 A s ha s b e e n m e n t i o n e d 5 he ha d g o n e
‘
.
,
.
t o K as hg ha r in t he y e a r I c a m e fr o m K hw as t i n t o K ab u l .
( A Yas uf -z ai ca m p g )
W
cc . ai n .
( S ep &6 ) e r o d e o u t o n T h u rs d a y t he 1 3 t h o f t he m o n th
.
o f R a m z an re s o lv e d a n d d e t e r m i n e d t o c he c k a n d w a r d o ff t he
,
2
G l -b d us H N I dx
a an
’
. . n e s n . .
2
Thi b i g R m a Bab did t b k hi f st t ill
s e n a -s t z I l ik m
n, r ur no re a s a su n e . n e an ne ,
d i g R m a t h y t i t h m i g b f e - i ( E sk i e )
ur n a z n e ea n e o rn n e or s u n r se r n .
3 A l t d bt l
re su f th d m t i d f 2 40 6
, ou ess , o e or er en one on . .
w if G l - kh pp t h v b
’
4 B ab ur s ehi s i t ui c ; h w ru B g hi k a ea rs o a e een s s er o r n e e e as a e c .
Cf G l b d
. u - a H N t p 2 33 p 2 3 4 ; T R p 2 6 4 5
an s
’
. . rs . .
, . . . .
— .
5 T hi m k b s re th q ti ar f wh t h w w h ve ll Bab
e a rs o n w t f e u es on o e er e no a a ur ro e o
A t b i g phy
u o o It f
ra t d t f ll i g wit h i t h p vi g p b
. r e e rs se t h e m o a a e a n n e re ous a , e ca u an
w en t t K a hg ho whil Bab sw li g i S m k d (T R p
ar T h l st
e ur as ru n n a ar an . . . e a
t im e Bab m f m K hw a t t
ur caK ab l w p b bly i 9 2 0 A H ; if l t it w
e ro s o u as ro a n . a e r, as
s t ill i t h g pn B t e lt t iv
a xpl t i i t h t l k i g ove d
. u an t ti g
a e rn a e e a na on s a oo n r an an no a n
th di y
e ti
ar B ab m d t hi
sec f t
on , wh t h f lly m e t t w it e b t d i d
ur a e s re e re n c e o a e u an o r u e
b f b i g bl t d
e o re e n a e o o so .
K AB U L
M as a M y pl a n ha d b e e n t o p u t d o w n t he Y as u f-z ai in S a wad
.
,
b u t t he s e c h i e fs s e t fo rt h t o m e t ha t t he re w a s a l a rg e ho r d e
( a iw i s ) in H a s h -n a h a r a n d t ha t m u c h c o rn w a s t o b e h a d t he r e
g .
T he y w e re v e ry u rg e n t fo r u s t o g o t o H a s h -n a g ha r A ft e r .
c o n s u l t a t i o n t he m a t t e r w a s l e ft in t h i s w a A s it i s s a id t h —
y e re
is m u c h c o r n in H a s h -n a g h a r t he A fg han s t he re s ha l l b e o v e r ,
ru n t h e fo r t s o f H a s h -n a h a r a n d P a ra s haw a r s h a l l b e
g p u t into
o rd e r p a r t o f t he c o r n s ha ll b e s t o re d in t he m a n d t he y b e l e ft
in c ha rg e o f S hah Mi r H u s a i n a n d a b o dy o f b ra v e s T o su it .
S hah Mi r H u s a in s c o n v e n i e n c e in t h i s he wa s g ive n 1 5 d a y s
’
l e a ve wit h a r e n d e zv o u s n a m e d fo r him t o c o m e t o a ft e r g o i n g
,
t o his c o u n t ry a n d p re p a r i n g h is e q u ip m e n t .
( p 3 )
S e 2 r d . M a r c h i n g o n n e xt d a y w e re a c h e d J a i -s hahi
,
and t he re d i s m o u n t e d O n t h i s g ro u n d T i n g ri -bi r d i a n d .
'
S I M u h a m m a d D il lda i o v e r t o o k u s
. T o d a y c a m e a l s o H a m za .
fro m Q d I
an fi z .
( S ep . 25 l a s t d a y o f t he m o n t h ( R a m z an )
t6 ) On S u n day t he ,
he d d d i t d Q q ri q ( fo r t y
we m a rc fr o m J a i -s h ah i a n s m o u n e a t i ri -a
c o n d u it s) I g o i n g by r a ft wi t h a s p e c i a l fe w T he n e w
, , .
m o o n o f t he F e a s t w a s s e e n a t t h a t s t a t i o n P e o pl e ha d ?
b ro u g ht a fe w b e a s t -l o a d s o f wi n e fro m N fi r-v a ll e y 3 a ft e r t he
E ve n i n g P ra y e r t he re w a s a wi n e -p a r t y t ho s e p re s e n t be i n g ,
M u h ibb -i- a li t he a r m o u re r K hw aj a Mu h A li t he lib ra r i a n

‘
,
.
‘
S hah B e g s S hah H a s a n S l Mu h B aldai a n d D a rwi s h-i-m u h

'
’
. . .
,
' '
S a r 6an t h e n o b e d i e n t
,
F r o m m y c hild ho o d u p it h a d
be e n m y ru l e n o t t o p re s s w i n e o n a n o n -d r i n k e r D a rwi s h -i
m u h a m m a d w a s a t e v e ry p a r ty a n d n o p re s s u re w a s p u t o n him
( by m e ) b u t K hw aj a Mu h A li l e ft him n o c ho i c e ; he p re s s e d
‘
, .
h im a n d p re s s e d h im t ill he m a d e h im d r i n k .
( p
S e 2 6 t 6 ) O.n M o n d a y w e m a rc h e d w i t h t h e d a w n o f t h e
Fe a s t -d ay 4 e a t i n g a c o n fe c t i o n o n t he ro a d t o d i s p e l c ro p -s i c k n e s s
,
.
W h il e u n d e r it s c o m p o s i n g i n fl u e n c e ( n akl ik) we w e re b ro u g ht ,
a c o l o c y n t h -a ppl e ( k6 u n t u l
) D a r w i s h - i-m u h a m m a d h a d n e v
. e r
o d bt i b ed i ce t t h o d f f 24 06
’
Q a im B g c m
2
s _ e s so n , o e, n ou , n o en o e r er o . .
Id -i fi t i t h fes t iv l t t h c cl t f R m a c l b t ed
‘
2
Th e - r i s f th f
e a a e on us o n o e ea s o a z n, e e ra
o n s i g th
ee n w m f Sh wwal ( E k i )
e ne oo n o a rs ne .
3f 1 3 36
. d A pp d ix G O t 6 an m f t 6 w
en i f N Z,
- ll
y n e na es o e n es o z r va e .
4i f th
e w m o f Sh wwal e neT he w m oon oh vi g b a t h e ev i g ne oon a n e en s e en en n
M d y ve i g t h y h d c l b t d t h Id-i~
. . .
bf wh i h t M
‘
e o re , lm a wc o u sa ns as on fit a e n n , e a e e ra e e r
on M dy on ( E ki )
a eve rs ne .
9 25 A H .
—
J A N . 3 RD TO DEC . 23 R D 15 19 A D .
see n o n e id I It is a m e l o n o f H in d fi s t an s li c e d it a n d
; sa , ,
g a v e h im a pi e c e H e bit i n t o it. a t o n c e ; it w a s n i g h t b e fo re
t he bi t t e r t a s t e w e n t o u t o f h is m o u t h A t G a rm -c has h m a we .
d i s m o u n t e d o n r i s i n g -g ro u n d w he re c o ld m e a t wa s be i n g s e t
o u t fo r u s w he n L a n a r K h an a r r iv e d t o w a it o n m e a ft e r b e i n
g g
fo r a t i m e a t his o w n pl a c e ( K o h -i-jad ) H e b ro u g ht a n o ffe r i n g .
o f a ho rs e a n d a fe w c o n fe c t i o n s P a s s i n g o n w e d i s m o u n t ed .
,
a t Y a d a -b i r a t t he O t he r P r a y e r g o t o n a ra ft t he re
,
we n t fo r ,
a s m u c h a s t w o m il e s o n it t he n l e ft it ,
.
( p
S e 2.
7 )
t 6 R idi n g o n n e x t m o rn i n g w e d i s m o u n t e d b e l o w ,
t he K h a ib a r -p a s s T o d a y a rr ive d S l B ay a zi d c o m e u p by t he
. .
,
Fol . 2 4 36 .
B ara -ro a d a ft e r he a ri n g o f u s ; he s e t fo rt h t ha t t he A fri d i

A fg h an s w e re s e a t e d in B ara w i t h t he i r g o o d s a n d fa m ili e s a n d
t h a t t he yh a d g ro w n a m a s s o f c o rn w h i c h w a s s t ill s t a n d i n g
( l it . o n fo o t ) O u r pl a
. n b e i n g fo r t h e Y a s u f - z ai A fg han s o f
H a s h n a g ha r we p a id h im n o a t t e n t i o n
-
,
A t t e M id d a y P ra y e r
h — .
t he re w a s a wi n e - p a rt y in K hw aj a M u ha m m a d A l i s t e n t ‘ ’
.
D u r i n g t he p a r t y d e t a il s a b o u t o u r c o m i n g in t h i s d i re c t i o n w e re
w r it t e n a n d s e n t o ff by t he ha n d o f a s u l t an o f Ti ra h t o K hw aj a
K a l an in B aja u r I w ro t e t hi s c o u pl e t o n t he m a rg i n o f t he
.
l e tt e r (f a r m an )
S y w t ly b e a t th t b
s ee t if l f w
o re z e, o a ea u u a n,
Th h t giv m y h d t t h hill d t h wild

ou as en ea o e s an e .
2
M a rc h i n g o n a t d a w n a c ro s s t he p a s s w
( p
S e .
e go t ,
A l - m a sj id
‘
t hr o u g h t he K ha ib a r n a rro w s a n d d i s m
- o u n t ed a t i .
At t e h M id - d a y P r a y e r w e ro d e o n l e a vi n g t he b a gg a g e b e hi n d , ,
r e a c he d h
t e K a b u l - w a t e r a t t he s e c o n d w a t c h ( m id n i g ht ) a n d
t he re s l e p t a w h il e .
d a s fo u n d a t d a yli g ht ; w e ha d fo rd e d
( p 9 ) 6 A f w 2
S e 2 . t o r
t he w a t e ( i -di n ki c6 i ldi ) w he n n e w s c a m e fro m o u r s c o u t t ha t

W
r s c ,
t he A fg h an s h a d h e a r d o f u s a n d w e re in fli g h t e we n t o n .
,
p a s s e d t h ro u g h t he S a w ad -w a t e r a n d d i s m o u n t e d a m o n g s t t he
A fg h a n c o r n -fi e lds N o t a h a l f n o t a fo u rt h i n d e e d o f t he
.
,
p ro m i s e d c o rn w a s ha d T he pl a n o f fi t t g p i n - u H a s h - n a g ha r
.
,
m a d e u n d e r t he h o p e o f g e t ti n g c o rn he re c a m e t o n o t h i n g ,
. Fol . 2 44 .
2 D i wa n of Ha fi l ith
z ed p 22
. . . pl
T he c o u e t se e m s t o b e a n o t he r g
m e ss a e t o
t o Bi i Mu b ara ka , st i u n
.
m ight b b ll de K j K l ’
a w o m a n (f 2 . h e re it e r hwa a a an s
g
c ha r e in Baj a u r (f .
2
H ere a n d u n e r a t e S e p d d .
3o t h t h e wo r d g ll
in a o ws a fo r d .
K AB U L
T he D il a zak A fg han s who h a d u rg e d it o n u s w e re a s ha m e d

W
, , .
e n e xt d i s m o u n t e d a ft e r fo r d i n g t he w a t e r o f S a w ad t o it s
K ab u l s id e .
( p j
S e o t 6 ) M a r c h i
. n g n e xt m o rn i n g fro m t h e S a w a d -w a t e r w e
,
c ro s se d t he K ab u l - w a t e r a n d di s m o u n t e d T he B e g s a d m it t e d .
t o c o u n s e l w e re s u m m o n e d a n d a c o n s u l t a t i o n h a vi n g b e e n h a d ,
t he m a tt e r w a s l e ft a t t h i s — t ha t t he A fri d i A fg han s s p o k e n o f
by S l B ay a zi d s ho u ld b e o ve r-ru n P fi rs haw ii r-fo rt b e fi t t e d u p
.
,
o n t he s t re n g t h o f t he i r g o o d s a n d c o rn a n d s o m e -o n e l e ft t he re ,
in c h a rg e .
t h i s s t a ti o n H i n d li Be g Qac6 i n a n d t he Mi r-z ada s o f

At
K hw as t o v e r t o o k u s T o d a y m a jzi n w a s e a t e n t he p a rt y b e i n g ’
.
,
'
D a rwe s h-i-m u h a m m a d S ar 6an M u h a m m a d K akaldas h G a d ai , ,
T a g hai a n d A s a s l a t e r o n we i n vi t e d S hah H a s a n a l s o A ft e r
‘
.
fo o d ha d b e e n pl a c e d b e fo re u s w e w e n t o n a r a ft a t t he O t he r
W
, ,
P ra y e r e c a ll e d L a n g a r K h an N i a -z ai o n a l s o
. A t t he .
E ve n i n g P ra y e r w e g o t o ff t he r a ft a n d w e n t t o c a m p .
( Oct 1 s t ) M a rc h i n g a t d a w n in a c c o rd a n c e wit h t he a rra n g e

.
,
m en t m a d e o n t h e K ab u l -w a t e r we p a s s e d J am a n d d i s m o u n t e d ,
a t t he o u t fa l l o f t he A l m a sj id w a t e r
‘
i - .
2
( dd B a da k6
. s 6 d n a
f a ir s .
)
v t ) A b ( g
l -h h i m v t ki id
’ ’
Sl T h
‘
. A li a n P a a aai
s o e a
s se r
r n g u s s a , ,
O n t he n i g h t o f A ra fa I w a s in J ai s hahi wi t h a p e rs o n fro m
‘
- 2
,
B a d a k hs han ; he t o ld m e t ha t S l S a i d K han ha d c o m e wi t h .
‘
d e s i g n s o n B a d a k hs han s o I m f s h ahi a l o n g t he
c a e o n r o m J a i -
,
”
J a m -r ad t o
g iv e t h e n e w s t o t he P ad s h ah
,
O n thi s t h e be gs .
w e re s u m m o n e d a n d a dvi c e w a s t a k e n In c o n s e q u e n c e o f t hi s .
24 4 6
. n e w s it s e e m e d i n a dvi s a bl e t o vi c t u a l t he fo r t ( P ar s h aw fi r ) a n d
, ,
we s t a rt e d b a c k i n t e n d i n g t o g o t o B a d a k hs han 3 L a n g a r K han .
w a s a pp o i n t e d t o he lp Mu h A li f a ng - f g h iv ‘
an e w a s g e n a n .
ho n o ra ry d re s s a n d a ll o w e d t o g o .
Th is m y b wh t M
2
w it a o f ( i 14 9 )
e W a ch d po t wh t h
a sso n r es , e rea e a s e re e
w t
a er s upplyi g th iv l t ( f A li -m j id ) gu h i l g v l m f m t h
n e r u e k o
‘
as s es n a ar e o u e ro e ro c s
t t h l ft
o I l k d m y t hi t i t h l ivi g p i g d d k t pl t i
e e . s a e f th rs n e n s r n an ran o re e on o e
d light f lly l d t p t w t
e u c oo an ra n s a re n a er .
M E ki h
2
r. t T hi pp
rs t
ne b mi t k
e re n o e s ,v ight f Bab s a e a rs o e a s a e or o e rs o ur .
Th e e f A f ( 9 t h f Zfi hhijj ) w
ve o
‘
ra at t ill t h
”
v i g f D z d 1 5 19
o
’
a as n o e e en n o ec . u .
H e p b bly m ro t t y tah I d -i-

fi t whi h h d ea n d ly fi d y b f
o sa e
‘
r c a o c c u rre on ve a s e o re ,
”
on Se p . 2 6t h .
3 T hi s wa s an a ffa ir o f fron t ie rs (T . R p . .
K AB U L
( Oct . 13 16 )
The se m a tt e rs s e ttl e d w e m a r c he d o n Th u rs d a y ,
h
t e 1 8 t h a n d d i
,
s m o u n t e d a t B a h a r ( V i h a ra P ) a n d M i c h -
g r am .
- -
( O c t 1 4 )t 6. N e xt d a y I w e n t t o t h e B a g h i w a fa T h o s e w e re .
t he d a y s o f t he g a r d e n s b e a u ty ; it s l a w n s w e re o n e s he e t o f
’
t re fo il ; it s p o m e g ra n a t e -t r e e s y e ll o w e d t o a u t u m n s pl e n d o u r
2
,
i
t he r ru t f i fu ll r e d ; f ru i t o n t h e o ra n g e -t r e e s g r e e n a n d g l a d
( k6 u r r a m ) c o u n t l e
,
s s o r a n g e s b u t n o t y e t a s y e ll o w a s o u r he a rt s
d e s i re d T he p o m e g ra n a te s w e re e x c e ll e n t n o t e q u a l ho we v e r , , ,
t o t he b e s t o n e s o f Wil ay a t T he o n e e x c e ll e n t a n d bl e s se d
?
c o n t e n t w e h a v e h a d fr o m t h e B ag h -i-w a fa w a s h a d a t t h i s t i m e
W
.
e w e re t he re th re e o r fo u r d a y s ; d u r i n g t he ti m e t he wh o l e
c a m p h a d p o m e g ra n a t e s in a b u n d a n c e
W
.
( O c t 1 7 1 6.
) e m a rc h e d fro m t h e g a r d e n o n M o n d a y I s t a y e d .
in it t ill t he fi rs t w a t c h ( 9 a m ) a n d g a v e a w a y o ra n g e s ; I be s t o w e d
.
t he fru i t o f t w o t re e s o n S hah H a s a n t o s e v e r a l b e g s I g a v e t he
fru it o f o n e t re e e a c h ; t o s o m e g a v e o n e t re e fo r t wo p e rs o n s .
A s we w e re t h i n ki n g o f vi s iti n g L a m g han in t he wi n t e r I o rd e re d ,
t ha t t he y s ho u ld re s e rv e (qar ag 6 lailar ) a t l e a s t 2 0 o f t he t re e s
'
g ro w i n g ro u n d t h e re s e r v o i r T h a t d a y w e d
. i s m o u n t e d a t
G a n da m a k .
( Oct . N e x t d a y w e d i s m o u n t e d a t J a g d ali k N e a r t he .
E ve n i n g P ra ye r t he re w a s a wi n e -p a rty a t w h i c h m o s t o f t he
ho u se ho ld w e re p re s e n t A ft e r a ti m e Q as i m B e g s s i s t e r s s o n
’ ’
.
G a d ai 6i6ja t 3 u s e d v e ry d i s t u rbi n g w o rd s a n d b e i n g d ru n k s l id , ,
d o w n o n t he c u sh i o n by m y s id e s o G a d ai T a ghai pi c k e d h im ,
u
p a n d c a rr i e d h im o u t fr o m t h e p a rt y .
( O c t 9 )
1 t6 . M a rc h i n
g n e x t d a y f r o m t h at g ro u n d I m a d e a n ,
e x c u rs i o n u p t he v a ll e y -b o t t o m o f t he B ari k -ab t o w a r d s Q fi r fi q
s ai . A fe w p u rs l a i n t re e s w e re in t he u t m o s t a u t u m n b e a u t y .
O n d i s m o u n t i n g s e a s o n a bl e 4 fo o d w a s s e t o u t
, T he vi n t a g e .
2
6 6 22s 6 k6 iz an
ran
g So m e t im e s Bahu t s
-i .
’
ra is e o f a u t u m n a o w s t he w o r p ll d
v p lv
k6 i z an t o m ea n t he ha r es t -c r o s t h e m se es , s o m e t im e s t he a u t u m na c o o u rin l l g .
T
h is I v
h a e t a e n t o m e a n t he k a u t am an T he H a i MS w r it e s w ilay a t lar
K b l
2
. . .
pl l gg g
( u ra ) t hu s s u e st in t h a t a i d ( t ho s e ) m ay b e o m it t e , a n d t ho se c o u n t rie s ( ra n s d T
o x ia na ) he m e a n t b u t t he s e c o n e rs t rs ( dP . . I
O 2 1 7 f 1 6 9 ) s u o rt s w ilay a t ,. a u
. . pp K b l .
3 j y
o o u s , ha ppy .
4
y z lk z r an T d p vd
h is wo r ha s ro e a if c u t t o a l l t ra n s a t o rs
. d fi ly
su e s t t ha t l . I gg
d
it s t a n s fo r a i li ka r an , wha t c a m e t o ha n ( a i li k s ee de O s ’
da so t ha t it . l
c o n t a in s p
u n s r e fe rrin g
t o t he she e t a e n fro m t h e ro a (y p k
a/ka r an ) a n d t o t he win e d
o f t he y ’
ea r s ie y ld
(y i l ka r an ) T h e w a - d
y s i e m e a w a s o f wha t ca m e t o ha n , m u t t o n
. l d
a n d win e , ro a p b bly l
o ca l .
9 25 A l l —
J A N . 3 RD T O DEC . 23 1m 15 19 A D .
w a s t he ca u se ! wi n e
d ru n k A s he e p wa s o rd e re d b ro u g ht
wa s
fr o m t he r o a d a n d m a d e i n t o ka 6a6s ( 6r oc6 et t es ) e a m u se d . W
o u rs e lv e s by s e tti n fi b h f h l m -o a k 2
g r e t o r a n c e s o o .
M u ll a A bd u l -m a l ik di v /an a ha vi n g be gge d t o t a k e t he n e w s
‘ ’ 2
o f o u r c o m in i t o K ab u l w a s s e n t a h e a d T t h i pl ace c a m e
g n o s , .
H a s a n N a b i ra fro m M i rz a K han s p re s e n c e he m u s t ha v e c o m e
’
a ft e r l e t ti n
g m e k n o w [
h is i n t e n t i o n o f c o m i n g ] 3 T h e r e w a s . F ol . 246 .
d ri n ki n g t ill t he S u n s d e c l i n e ; we t he n ro d e o ff P e o pl e in o u r
’
.
p a r t y h a d b e c o m e v e ry d ru n k S a yyid Q a s i m s o m u c h s o t h a t , ,
t w o o f his s e rv a n t s m o u n t e d him a n d g o t him i n t o c a m p w i t h
d i ffi c u l t y Mu h B aq ir s D o s t w a s s o d ru n k t ha t p e o pl e he a d e d
. .
’
by A m i n -i-m u h a m m a d T a r k han a n d M a s t i c6 u 6 r a c o u ld n o t g e t ,
him o n h is ho rs e ; e v e n w he n t he y p o u re d w a t e r o n his he a d ,
n o t h i n g w a s e ffe c t e d A t t ha t m o m e n t a b o dy o f A fg han s
.
a pp e a re d A m i n i m u h a m m a d w ho h a d ha d e n o u g h h i mse l f
- - .
, ,
h a d t h i s id e a R a t he r t ha n l e a v e him he re a s he is t o b e t a k e n
, , , ,
”
le t u s c u t h is he a d o ff a n d c a rry it w i t h u s A t l a s t a ft e r 100
W
.
e ffo r t s t he y m o u n t e d him a n d b ro u g ht him w it h t he m

,
- e .
r e a c he d K ab u l a t m id n i g ht .
(f I n ciden t s in K a6u l ) .
In C o u rt n e x t m o rn i n g Q u l i B e g w a i t e d o n m e H e ha d .
be e n t o S I S a i d K han s p re s e n c e in K as hgha r a s m y e n vo y
.
‘ ’
.
T o h im a s e n v o y t o m e ha d b e e n a dd e d B i s hk a M i rz a I t ar c 6 i 4
who b ro u g h t m e g i ft s o f t he g o o d s o f t ha t c o u n t ry .
( Oc t 2 5 )t 6 O . n W e d n e s d a y t h e I s t o f Z a l-q a da I w e n t by
’ ‘
,
y l
m se f t o Q a b il s t o m b 5 a n d t h e re t o o k m y m o r n i n g
’
T he .
p e o pl e o f t he p a r ty c a m e l a t e r by o n e s a n d t w o s W he n t he .
x d
S u n w a e ho t w e w e n t t o t h e V ,
i o l e t -
g a r d e n a n d d ra n k t he re ,
by t he s id e o f t he re s e rv o i r M id -da y c o m i n g o n we s l e pt A t .
,
.
t he M id d a y P ra y e r w e d ra n k a g a i n
- A t thi s m id - d a y p a rt y .
I g a v e wi n e t o T i n g ri -q u l i B e g a n d t o Ma hn di ( P) t o w ho m a t
a ny e a r li e r p a r t y w i n e h a d n o t b e e n g iv
,
e n A t t h e B e d - t i m e .
F ol . 2 4 66 .
P ra y e r I w e n t t o t he H o t -b a t h w he re I s t a y e d t he n i g ht
,
.
f 2 17 a n d n
2
2
f. 14 1 6 .
. .
3 I t h in k
b m Bath t th c t m y
ur ea n s a e us o ar an no un c em ent o f an en vy o or g u e st m u st
ha v e re ac h d K ab l i h i
e b ce u n s a se n .
4 He i i t h T R l ist f t h t ibe (p
s n e . . o e r . t o it b l ged
e on Sl Ah m a
. d Ta m 6a l
i6
6
I2 6 C
.
p b Q bl
’
-i kar i -n i ng qas 6 i -ka , l it t o t h e r ese n c e o f t he t o m o f a i , i e

'
l ai n
5
2i r 1 n ng
“
. .
.
t he ep ym on ous he ro o f ab u T h e E lp h MS ha s e e n a l t e re t o
K l . Q a i Be g. . b d bl
K AB U L
( Oct . 2 6t 6 ) On T hu rs d a y ho n o ra ry d re s s e s we re b e s t o w e d o n
'
t he H in d fi s t an i t ra d e rs h e a d e d by Y a h y a N a6 an i a n d t he y
, ,
w e re a ll o we d t o go .
( Oct . S a t u rd a y t he 4 t h a d re s s a n d g i ft s w e re
On ,
b e s t o we d o n B i s hk a M i rza w ho h a d c o m e fro m K as hg ha r a n d , ,
he wa s g iv e n l e a ve t o g o .
( O c t 2
9 t 6 ) O.n S u n d a y t he r e w a s a p a r ty in t he l it t l e P i c t u re
ha ll o ve r t he ( C har-b ag h) g a t e ; s m a ll r e t re a t t ho u g h it is ,
16 p e rs o n s w e re p re s e n t .
gg . Ex cu r s ion to t6 e K o6
( Oct 3 0 t 6 ) . T o d a y w e w e n t t o I s t al i f t o s e e t he ha rv e s t (k6 iz an ) .
T o d a y w a s d o n e t he s in ( P ir t ikci 6 qil i 6 a i di ) o f m a j /zi n M u c h .
ra i n fe ll m o s t o f t he b e g s a n d t he ho u s e h o ld c a m e i n t o m y t e n t ,
o u t s id e t he B ag h -i-k a l an .
( O ct 3 1 s t )
. N e xt d a
y th e r e w a s a w i n e - p a r ty in t h e s a m e
g a r d e n l a s ti,
n g till n i g h t .
( ) g (
'
N o v e m 6 er I s t A t d a w n w e t o o k o u r m o r n i n s u 6 a 6 i s u 6ii 6 i
i ld s ) d t d k t k l p d t t h M id -d a P y
W
q a n o ru n o o a s e e a n a e ra e
g , y r ,
r o d e fro m I s t al i f O n t he r o a d a c o n fe c t i o n w a s e a t e n
. e .
r e a c he d Bih -z ad i a t t he O t he r P ra y e r T he ha rv e s t c ro p s w e re
- .
v e ry b e a u t i fu l ; w hil e w e w e re vi e wi n g th e m t ho s e d i s p o s e d
fo r w i n e b e g a n t o a g it a t e a b o u t it T h e ha rve s t -c o l o u r w a s .
e xt re m e ly be a u ti fu l w i n e w a s d ru n k t ho u g h m a ’ jii n ha d b e e n ,
e at e n s itti n g u n d e r a u t u m n a l t r e e s
, T he p a r t y l a s t e d t ill t he .
Be d -t i m e P ra y e r K ha l i fa s M u ll a M a h m ad a rr ivi n g w e ha d’
.
,
h im s u m m o n e d t o j o i n t he p a rt y A bd u l -lah w a s v e ry d ru n k
‘ ’
.
i n d e e d ; a w o r d a ffe c ti n g K ha l i fa ( t a rfi di n ) be i n g s a id A bd u l -lah ,
‘ ’
fo rgo t M u ll a M a h m ad a n d r e c i t e d t h i s l i n e
R eg d who m t h u w il t h ff f m t h sa m e w d
ar o , e su e rs ro e oun .
2
M u ll a Ma h m ii d b e r ; he bl a m e d A bd u l
wa s s o fo r re p e a ti n g
‘ ’
-lah
t ha t l i n e in j e s t
‘
A bd u l -lah c a m e t o h is s e n s e s w a s t ro u bl e d in
’
m i n d a n d a ft e r thi s t a lk e d a n d c ha t t e d v e ry s we e t ly
, .
O u r e x c u rs i o n t o vi e w t he ha rve s t w a s o v e r w e d i s m o u n t e d ,
"
l o s e t o t he E ve n i n g P ra y e r in t he C h ar -b ag h , .
( N ov 1 2 t6 ) O n F r id a y t he 16 t h a ft e r e a t i n g a c o n fe c t i o n
.
,
2
M E k i e s m i d t h t t he l i e w f m m e l ig i
r . rs n ur se a p m o f m yst ica l n as ro so re o us oe
m m g
ea n d t h t its p f n
an ppl ic t i g ve ff e c
a ro a e a a on a o n e .
K AB U L
a wa y a t b e a t o f d ru m a ft e r l e t t i n g T a r d i Be g a n d S hah-z ad a
W
,
kno w t h m t d d m d f A t - h h
W
. e r e e o u n e a n a e o r s a r
g a c .
( N ov 1 5 t 6 ) . e re a c h e d K h w a j a H a s a n b e l o w I s t a l i f by t he
fi rs t p ra y e r (f a r e w a qt ) ; d i s m o u n t e d fo r a w h il e a t e a c o n fe c t i o n , ,
F0] 24 8 a n d w e n t t o V i e w t he ha rv e s t W he n t h e S u n w a s u p w e
W
. . .
,
d i s m o u n t e d a t a g a r d e n in I s t al i f a n d a t e g ra p e s e s l e pt .
a t K h w aj a S h a h ab a d e p e n d e n c y o f A s t a r -g h a c h
,
At a t he .
,
M a s t e r o f t he H o r s e m u s t h a v e h a d a h o u s e s o m e w h e r e n e a r
, ,
fo r b e fo re w e w e re a w a k e he h a d b ro u g ht fo o d a n d a pi t c he r o f
wi n e T he vi n t a g e wa s v e ry fi n e A ft e r d r i n ki n g a fe w c u p s
W
. .
,
w e ro d e o n e n e x t d i s m o u n t e d in a g a r d e n b e a u ti fu l w i t h
.
au tu m n th e re a p a r ty w a s he ld a t w h i c h K hwaj a M u h a m m a d
A m in j o ined s u D r i n ki n g w e n t n til l t he B e d t i m e P r a y e r
. o - .
D u r i n g t ha t da y a n d n i g h t A bd u l -lah A s a s N ar Be g a n d
‘ ’ ‘
, ,
‘
Y ii s u f-i- a li a ll a rr iv e d fro m K ab u l .
(N ov A ft e r fo o d a t d a w n w e ro d e o u t a n d vi s it e d t he
.
,
B ag h-i-p ad s hahi be l o w A s t a r-g ha c h O n e y o u n g a ppl e -t re e in .
i t ha d t u rn e d a n ad m i ra bl e a u t u m n -c o l o u r o n e a c h b ra n c h w e re
l e ft 5 o r 6 l e a ve s in r e g u l a r a rra y ; it w a s s u c h t ha t n o p a i n t e r
t ryi n g t o d e pi c t it c o u ld h a v e e q u a ll e d A ft e r r idi n g fro m .
A s t a r-g ha c h we a t e a t K hw aj a H a s a n a n d r e a c he d Bih -z ad i a t ,
t h e E v e n i n g P ra y e r T he re w e d ra n k in t he ho u s e o f K hw aj a
.
Mu h A m i n s s e rv a n t I m am -i-m u ha m m a d
.
’
.
( N ov I 7 )
t 6 N
. e xt d a
y T u e s d a y w e w e
,
n t i n t o t h e C h a
,
r -b a g h
o f K ab u l .
( N ov O
. n T h u rs d a y t h e 2 3 rd ha vi n g m a rc he d ( kii c6 zi 6) , ,
t he fo rt w a s e n t e re d .
(N ov l p t 6 ) O n F r id a y M u h a m m a d A li ( s o n o f P) H a id a r
‘
.
t he s ti rru p -ho l d e r b ro u g ht a s a n o ffe r i n g a t iZzg zZn ,

he h a d ,
2
c a u g ht .
( N ov 2 0 t 6 ) O
. n S a tu r d a y t h e 2 s t h t h e r e w a s a p a r ty in t h ,
e
Pl a n e t re e g a rd e n fro m w h i c h I r o s e a n d m o u n t e d a t t he Be d
-
ti m e P ra y e r S a yyid Q as i m b e i n g in s h a m e a t p a s t o c c u rre n c e s ?
.
w e d i s m o u n t e d a t his ho u s e a n d d ra n k a fe w c u p s .
( N 6 ) O T d y j d -d
’
h h f l jj T
’
Fol . 24 86 . ov 2 4 t . n u r s a t e I s t o Z fi -hi a a u i n ,
Ma h m ii d c o m e fro m Q a n d a har w a it e d o n m e
, ,
.
2
K wh it e f l c -i - l i6 I O MS N ‘
85 7 f
m l (
‘
i q t aig a A t
’
un os , c ; n, a on a a o aus
s . . . .
, .
t aig 6 z2n .
2
f
. 246 .
9 25 A IL — J A N . 3RD TO DEC . 2SR D 15 19 A D .
4 19
Mu h
'
(D 1 2 t6 ) On M o n d ay t he l gt h, A li f
‘
ec a ng c am e
. .
y g
a n
fro m N i l-ab .
( D ec
. t6 )
T u e s d a y t he
13 On o f t he m o n t h S a n g a r K han ,
f j
a n zi 6 a c o m e fro m B hi ra w a it e d o n m e
, , .
( D ec l 6 t 6 ) O n F r id a y t he 2 3 rd I fi n i s he d ( c o pyi n g P) t he o d e s
.
,
‘
a n d c o u pl e t s s e l e c t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t he i r m e a s u r e fr o m A li -s he r
B e g s fo u r D i wan s
’
.
I
( D e c 2 0 t 6 ) O . n T u e s d a y t h e 2 7 t h t h e r e w a s a s o c i a l -
g a t h e r i n g
in t he c it a d e l a t w h i c h it wa s o d e re d t
,
r h a t if a n y o n e we n t o u t
-
fro m it d r u n k t ha t p e rs o n s ho u ld n o t b e i n vit e d t o a p a r t y a g a i n
, .
( ) O F id y jj it idd ’
D ec 23 r d . n r a t h e 3 o t h o f Z fi l -hi a w a s r en
o u t with t he i n t e n ti o n o f m a ki n g a n e x c u r s i o n t o L a m g h an .
2
N a wa i h im se f
’
l ar ra n ge d t he m a cco r di g
n t o the p
e r io ds o f his lif e ( R ie u
’
s P ers
Cat . p .
9 26 A IL —
D EC . 23 1 m 15 19 TO D EC . 12T H 15 20 A D .
I
( a . Ex cu r s ion to t6 e K o6 -dam a n a nd K o6 is t an .
)
(D ec .
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y M u h a r r a m I s t K hw a j a S ih -y aran
wa r s e a c h e d A wi n e
.
-p a rty w a s ha d o n t he b a n k o f t he c o n d u i t ,
w he re t hi s c o m e s o u t o n t he hill ?
( D e c 2 4 )
t 6 . R idi n g o n n e xt m o r n i n g ( 2 n d ) w e vi s it e d t h e ,
m o vi n g s a n d s ( r g e -i -r a w an ) A p a rt y w a s he ld in S a yyid
.
Q i 6 l h
’ ’
a s m s B u l u s o u se 3 .
( D ec 2 5 )t 6 . R idi n g o n f r o m t h e r e w e a t e a c o n fe c ti o n ,
w e n t fu rt he r a n d d i s m o u n t e d a t Bilkir ( P) .
( D 6 t 6 ) A t d w (4 ) t h w m d m i g [ 6a 6
W
e c 2 . a n e a e o u r o r n n s u i
s u 6 zi 6 i
q i l ds ] a l t h o u g h t h e re m i g h t b e d r i n ki n
, g a t n i g h t e .
r o d e o n a t t he M id -d a y P ra y e r d i s m o u n t e d a t D ar -n am a 4 a n d ,
t he re h a d a wi n e p a r ty
W
.
( D ec 2 7 )t 6
. e t o o k o u r m o r n i n g e a r ly H a q
-dad t h e .
,
he a d m a n o f D ar -n a m a m a d e m e a n o ffe r i n g ( p es 6 -ka s 6 ) o f his

a rd e n
g .
( D e c . R id i n g t h e n c e o n T h u r s d a y ( 6 t h ) w e d i s m o u n te d ,
a t t he vill a e s o f t he T aj ik s in N i r -a fi
g j .
( D ec 2
9 )t 6
. O n F r id a y (7 ) t h w e h u n t e d t h e h ill b e tw e e n F o r t y
pl o u g hs ( C 6 i6 il -qu l6a ) a n d t he w a t e r o f B ar an m a n y d e e r fe ll .
I ha d n o t s ho t a n a r ro w s i n c e m y h a n d w a s hu rt n o w wi t h a n ,
e a s y 5 b o w I s ho t a d e e r in t h e s ho u ld e r t he a r ro w i n in t o
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g o g ,
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.
,
t he O t he r P ra y e r in N ijr -a fi .
2
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. 20 2 6 ; Wi B .
-- . 2 15 f. 1 75 (m ispl a c ed ) a nd 2 1 7f . 1 72 ; M ems .
p
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u s 6 t a a as t i da the -khw fi sh of f
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ai . 13 7 .
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3 p g d
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a w i , t h u s m a in k g
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lb l ll d l yy d g gl
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p .
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os it e o f a qa t i q y ai , a s t iff b o w So m e
’
. MSS . wr it e l az i m -
di k
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.
wh i c h m i h t b e r e a t o m e a n s u c h a b o w a s his isa e m e n t a o we t o b e u se .
K AB U L
b e e n in N i l h fo r
-a a t i m e, w a it e d du po n e me on t he ro a . W
d i s m o u n te d in t he B g a h - i- w a fa it s o ra n g e s ha d y e ll o w e d
b e a u t i fu lly it s s p ri n g bl o m w s w e ll a dv a n c e d a n d it w a s v e ry
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c ha r m i n g e s t a y e d in it fi v e o r s ix d a y s
. .
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n c n a t i o n (jiZ d g 6 dag 6 a ) t o re t u rn
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t o o b e di e n c e ( t a i 6) in m y 4 o t h y e a r I w a s d r i n ki n g t o e x c e s s
’
n o w t ha t l e s s t ha n a y e a r w a s l e ft .
(j a n 7 t 6 ). O n S u n d a y t h e 1 6 t h h a vi n g m a d e m y , m o rn i n g
(s u 6u 6 i ) a n d b e c a m e s o b e r M u ll a Y ara k pl a y e d a n a ir he ha d
’
co m p o s e d i n fi v e - ti m e a n d i n t h e fi v e - li n e m e a s u re ( m a k6 a m m a s ) ,
w h il e I c ho se t o e a t a c o n fe c t i o n H e ha d c o m p o s e d
a n e x c e ll e n t a ir I ha d n o t o c c u pi e d m y s e l f w it h s u c h t hi n g s
.
fo r s o m e t i m e a wi s h t o c o m po se came o ve r m e n o w so ,
I c o m p o s e d a n r in o r t i m e a s w ill b e m e n t i o n e d in ti m e
a i f u -
, .
2
(f a n J o t 6.
) O n W e d n e s d a y ( gt h) it w a s s a id fo r fu n w h il e
l ,
“
w e w e re m a k i n g o u r m o rn i n g ( s u 6zi 6 i ) L e t w ho e v e r s p e a k s
l ik e a S ar t ( i e in P e rs i a n ) d r i n k a c u p
. . T h ro u g h t hi s m a n y .
d ra n k A t s u n n a t -w a qt a g a i n w he n w e w e re s it t i n g u n d e r t he
.
2
,
w ill o w s in t he m idd l e o f t h e m e a d o w it w a s s a id L e t w ho e v e r
, ,
s p e a k s l ik e a T u r k d r i n k a c u p ! ,
T h r o u g h t h i s a l s o n u m b e rs
d r a n k A ft e r t he s u n g o t u p w e d ra n k u n d e r t e o ra n g e t re e s
.
,
h -
o n t he r e se r v o i r -b a n k .
(j a n J I t 6.
) N e xt d a y ( 2 0 t h ) w e g o t o n a ra f t fr o m D a r iit a
t ff a g a i n b e l o w J ai -s hahi a n d w e n t t o A t a r
W
g o o .
(j a n . e r o d e fr o m t h e r e t o vi s it N a r -v a ll e y w e n t a s ,
fa r a s S as an ( l ily ) -vill a g e t he n t u rn e d b a c k a n d d i s m o u n t e d
,
in A m l a .
F ol . 2 50 .
(j a n I 4 )t 6. A s K h w a j a K a l a n h a d b ro u
g h t B a ja u r i n t o g o o d
o r d e r a n d a s he w a s a fr i e n d o f m i n e
,
I h a d s e n t fo r h im a n d ,
h a d m a d e B aja u r o v e r t o S hah Mi r H u s a in s c h a rg e On
’
.
S a t u rd a y t he 2 2 n d O f t he m o n t h ( M u h a rr a m ) S hah Mi r H u s a i n ,
w a s g iv e n l e a v e t o g o T ha t da y in A m l a w e d ra n k
. .
(j 5 ) 6 I t i d (y g m 6 6 d 6 ) x d ( d )
’
a n 1 t . ra n e a i2 r y ga 22 r a n e t a y 2 3 r .
2
H a i MS m a 6 a 1i -da nz a gkar 6 a lg 6 ii s i d22r , b u t
. .
-i-B 2 1 5 f 1 76 fo r m a 6 a l i W . . .
da , in it s pl
a c e , ha s da r m ajli s [ ll
in t he c o e c t io n ] , whic h m a y o in t t o a n in t e n e p dd
ll ’
c o e c t io n o f B ab u r s m u s ic a c o m o s it io n s l p
E it he r r e a in in ica t e s in t e n t io n t o
. d g d
w r it e w h a t we n o w h a e n o t v .
2
P p
e rha s a n e q u i a e n t fo r a r a -
f vl
w a q t , t h e t im e o f t h e rs t o i ator ra e r u ch fi bl g yp y . M
s e em s t o ha en pp b
efo r e t h e su n g o t u p h i h g
9 26 A H .
— DEC . 23 1 m 15 19 T o DEC . 12T H 15 20 A D .
W he n we d K u l a -g ram in K an ar w he re M a l ik A l i s
re a c he
2 ‘ ’
h o u s e is we d i s m o u n t e d a t his m iddl e s o n s ho u se o v e r l o o ki n g
’
W
, ,
a n o ra n g e -o r c h a r d e d id n o t g o i n t o t he o r c ha r d b e c a u s e o f
.
t he r a i n b u t j u s t d r a n k w he re w e w e re T he ra i n w a s v e r y .
he a vy I t a u g ht M u ll a A li K han a t a l i s m a n I k n e w he w ro t e
‘
.
it o n fo u r pi e c e s o f p a p e r a n d h u n g t he m o n fo u r s id e s a s he
d id it t he r a i n s t o pp e d a n d t he a ir b e g a n t o c l e a r
,
.
(j a n 1 6 t 6 ) A
. t d a w n ( 4 t h) we g o t o n a ra ft ; o n a n o t he r
2
s e v e ra l b ra ve s w e n t P e o pl e in Baja u r S a wad K an ar a n d
.
, ,
t he re a b o u t s m a k e a b e e r ( 6 i r 6 222 a ) t he fe r m e n t o f w h i c h is
2
a t h i n g t he y c a ll ki m 3 T h i s ki m t he y m a k e o f t he r o o t s o f
.
he r b s a n d s e ve ra l s i m pl e s s h a p e d l ik e a l o a f d r i e d a n d k e p t by
, ,
t he m S o m e s o rt s o f b e e r a re s u rp r i s i n g ly e x h il a r a t i n g b u t
W
.
,
bi t t e r a n d d i s t a s t e fu l e h a d t ho u g h t o f d r i n ki n g b e e r b u t
.
,
b e c a u s e o f it s bi t t e r t a s t e p re fe rre d a c o n fe c t i o n A s a s H asa n
, .
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,
A i ki r ik 4 a n d M a s t i o n t he o t he r r a ft w e re o rd e re d t o d r i n k
, , ,
some ; t he y d id s o a n d be c a m e q u it e d ru n k H a s a n A ikir ik .
s e t u p a d i s g u s t i n g d i s t u rb a n c e ; A s a s v e ry d ru n k d id s u c h
‘
, ,
Fol
. 2 50 6 .
u n pl e a s a n t t h i n g s t ha t w e w e re m o s t u n c o m fo rt a bl e ( 6a t a ng ) .
I t ho u g ht o f ha vi n g t he m p u t o ff o n t he fa r s id e o f t he w a t e r ,
b u t s o m e o f t he o t he rs b e g g e d t he m o ff .
I h a d s e n t fo r K hw aj a K a l an a t t h i s t i m e a n d ha d b e s t o we d
B aja u r o n S hah Mi r H u s a i n F o r w hy ? K hw aj a K a l an w a s .
a fr i e n d his s t a y in B aja u r h a d be e n l o n g m o re o v e r t he B a ja u r
a pp o i n t m e n t a pp e a r e d a n e a s y o n e .
A t t he fo r d o f t he K an ar -w a t e r S hah Mi r H u s a i n m e t m e o n
h is w a y t o B aja u r I s e n t fo r him a n d s a id a fe w t re n c ha n t
.
w o rd s g a v e him s o m e s p e c i a l a r m o u r a n d le t h im g o
, , .
O pp o s it e N ar -g a l ( R o c k -vi ll a g e ) a n o ld m a n be g g e d fro m
t ho e s o n t h e r a ft s ; e v y o n e g a v e him s o m e t h i n g c o a t ( t an )
e r -
, ,
t u r b a n b a t h i n g c l o t h a n d s o o n s o he t o o k a g o o d d e a l a w a y
,
-
, .
A t a b a d pl a c e in m id -s t re a m t he r a ft s t r u c k wi t h a g re a t
s ho c k ; t he re w a s m u c h a l a r m ; it d id n o t s i n k b u t Mi r M u h a m m a d
t he r a ft s m a n w a s t h ro w n i n t o the w a t e r e w e re n e a r A t a r . W
t h a t n i ght .
2
K h -i- fi
o R cky-m t i (P) S App e d ix F O t 6 m D -i - a
n r, o oun a ns . ee n , n e na e ara n r .
2
St i g
e n giv 6 2m m d f i e m ill t
as s es 2 b lyas a e o r c , e , or ar e .
t d w it h A bi ki m iy a l ch m y hem i t y ? ’
3 I t his c
s o nn ec e ra c , a e , c s r
4 T ki whi l p l b t p h p t h m f
ur ,
a r oo ffi c f m ig
u er sa ddla s e na e o an o e ro a ar, a e .
K AB U L
(j an .
) 1 7t 6 T u e s d a yOn ( ) w e r e a c h e d M a n d r a w ar 2 st h .
2
Q ii t l fi q
- q a d a m a n d hi s f a t he r h a d a r r a n g e d a p a r ty i n s id e t he
fo rt ; t ho u g h t he pl a c e h a d n o C ha r m a fe w c u p s w e re d ru n k
W
,
t he re t o pl e a s e t he m e w e n t t o c a m p a t t h e O t he r P r a y e r
. .
(f a n . O n W e d n e s d a y ( 2 6 t h ) a n e x c u r s i o n wa s m a d e t o
K i n d kir s p r i n g
- 2
K i n d kir is a d e p e n d e n t vill a g e o f t he
- .
M a n d raw a r t am an t he o n e a n d o n ly vill a g e o f t he L a m g han at

,
Fol
. 25 1 . w he re d a t e s a re g ro w n It l i e s ra t he r h i g h o n t he m o u n t a i n .
s ki r t it s d a t e l a n d s o n it s e a s t s id e
,
A t o n e e d g e o f t he d a t e .
l a n d s is t he s p r i n g in a pl a c e a s id e (y an y i r ) S i x o r s e ve n
, .
y a rd s b e l o w t he s p r i n g -he a d p e o pl e h a ve he a p e d u p s t o n e s t o
m a k e a s he l t e r 3 fo r b a t h i n g a n d by s o -d o i n g h a v e r a i s e d t he
w a t e r in t he re s e rv o i r h i g h e n o u g h fo r it t o p o u r o v e r t he he a d s
o f t h e b a t he r s T he w a t e r is v e r y s o ft
. it is fe lt a li t tl e c o ld in
w i n t ry d a y s b u t is pl e a s a n t if o n e s t a y s in i t .
(j a n 1 9 )
. t 6 O n T h u rs d a y ( 7 t h) S he r K han T a r ka lan i g o t u s
2
t o d i s m o u n t a t h is ho u s e a n d t he re g a v e u s a fe a s t
H a vi n g r idd e n o n a t t he M id -da y P ra y e r fi s h w e re t a k e n o u t o f ,
h
t e fi s h - p o n d s o f w h i c h p a r t i c u l a rs h a v e b e e n g iv e n 4 .
(j a n 2 0. t 6 ) O n F r id a y ( 8 t h) w e d i s m o u n t e d n e a r K hw aj a
2
Mi r-i-m i ran s vill a g e A p a rty wa s h e ld t he re a t t he E v e n i n g

’
.
P ra y e r .
(j a n 2 1.s t ) O n S a t u r d a y ( 9 t h) w e hu n t e d t he h ill b e twe e n

2
O n e hu n t i n g -c i r c l e h a vi n g b e e n m a d e
‘
A li -s ha n g a n d A la n g ar .
o n t he A l s ha n g s id e a n o t he r o n t he A la n g ar t he d e e r w e re
‘
i -
, ,
d r ive n d o w n o ff t he h ill a n d m a n y w e re kill e d R e t u rn i n g fr o m .
h un t i n g we d i s m o u n t e d in a g a rd e n b e l o n g i n g t o t he M a l ik s o f
,
A la n g ar a n d t he re ha d a p a r t y .
H l o f o n e o f m y fro n t t e e t h h a d b r o k e n o ff t he o t he r ha l f
a f -
,
re m a i n i n t h i h l f b r o k e o ff t o d a y w h il e I w a s e a ti n g fo o d
g s a .
( ja n 2 2 n d ) A t d a w n ( Sa fa r 1st ) w e ro d e o u t a n d ha d a fi s hin g
.
n e t c a s t a t m id - d a y w e n t i n t o A li -s ha n g a n d d ra n k in a g a rd e n
‘
.
,
2
T h e ive o which t he r ft s we e
r r n d w s t he K fi a f o m Chit al
a r u se a n r, r r .
2
A n un c t i m
er a n n aI h ve im p i t h t t he w t
e . a m e d ic i l b t
an r e ss o n a se a e rs a re na , u
I ca t t nn o wh era c e I f d th i f m t i re ounT h vis it p id t o t he m e n or d t he a on . e a , an
a rra n g m e t m d f b t hi g e t t hem p t T he m o f t he pl ce m y c vey

e n a e or a n s a ar . na e a a on
t his s p i l ity
ec a .
3
p an a 6 i t h w , d d
e f t hor h id i g
u se- pl c f b i d
or-c t ch e n f 14 0
e n a es o r a rs o . .
4
Th is will b t h b is f t h d t il s b t fi hing gi ve
e e as o f 14 3
e d f 14 36
e a a ou s n on . an . .
Th t t m
e s a e t t h t p t ic l
en ah v b e giv
ar llo w t h i f e t h t t he d i y w s
u a rs a e e n en a s e n er nce a ar a
t t e d ft e t h e D p l '
a nn o a a ip t i
r
of R a 6 l
es cr i w h i h t h eon t i s w w itut e,
n c ar c u ar a re , as r n .
TRAN SL AT OR S N OTE ’
O N 9 26 TO 9 3 2 AH .
— l 5 20 TO 15 25 A D .
B ab u r d i a ry b re a k s o ff h e re fo r fi v e y e a rs a n d t e n m o n t hs
’
s .
2
H is a c tiviti e s d u r i n g t he u n re c o r d e d p e r i o d m a y w e ll ha ve l e ft
n o ti m e in w h i c h t o k e e p o n e u p fo r in it he w e n t t hr i c e t o
,
Q a n d a har t h r i c e i n t o I n d i a o n c e t o B a d a k hs han o n c e t o B a lk h
, , ,
twi c e a t l e a s t he p u n i s he d re fra c t o ry t r ib e s m e n ; he re c e ive d

e m b a s s i e s fro m H in d fi s t an a n d m u s t h a v e h a d m u c h t o o v e rs e e
,
in m u s t e r a n d e q u ip m e n t fo r h is n u m e r o u s e xp e d iti o n s O ve r .
a n d a b o ve t h i s he p ro d u c e d t he Mu 6i n a T u r k i p o e m o f 2 0 0 0
, ,
l ines .
T ha t t he g a p in his a u t o bi o g ra p hy is n o t i n t e n ti o n a l s e ve ra l
p a s s a g e s in his w r i t i n g s s ho w he m e a n t t o fil l it
2
t he re is n o
e vid e n c e t h a t he e v e r d id s o t he re a s o n a bl e e xpl a n a ti o n o f his
fa il u re is t ha t he d i e d b e fo re h e ha d re a c he d t h i s p a rt o f his b o o k .
T he e v e n t s o f t he s e u n re c o r d e d y e a r s a re l e s s i n t e re s t i n g t ha n
t ho s e o f t he p re c e d i n g g a p i n a s m u c h a s t he i r d r a m a o f h u m a n
,
p a s s i on is s i m pl e r it is o n e m a i n ly o f c ro s s -c u rre n t s o f a m biti o n ,
n o t h i n g in it m a t c h i n g t he m a e l s t ro m o f s e c t a r i a n h a t e t r ib a l ,
a n t ip a t hy a n d ra c i a l s t ru gg l e w h i c h e n g u lp he d B ab u r s fo r t u n e s
’
,
b e y o n d t he O x u s .
N o n e -t he -l e s s t he p e r i o d h a s it s d i s ti n c tiv e m a rk t he b io ,
p h i l by p l ity l —s u s t a i n e d e ffo r t
g ra c a o n e s e t h is e rs o n a a s hi s o n g
w o r k s o u t t o w a rd s ru l e in H in dfi s t an H e b e c o m e s fe lt ; h is
w
.
s u r ro u n di n s b e n d t o h i p p h i m p i t f l l o i n
g s u r o s e s c o o s e o g
a c c e pt s his
g o a l ; he g a i n s t h e s o u t he r n k e y o f K a b u l a n d
H in d as t an a n d p re s s e s t he A rg h an s o u t fro m his r e a r ; in t he
P a n j —ah he b e c o m e s a p o we r t he R ajp ii t R an a o f C h it o r p ro ffe rs
h im a lli a n c e a g a i n s t I b rahi m a n d h is i n t e rv e n ti o n is s o u g h t in
t ho se w a rr i n g s o f t he A fg han s w h i c h w e re t he m a t r i x o f h is o wn
s u c ces s .
J an t h 1 5 20 t o N o v 1 7t h 1 5 2 5 A D ( Sa fa r 9 26 t o S afa r rs t
2
2 932
g ~
. . .
2
I dx
n e s nn
. . Ba h i-sa fa a nd B N
. . lacu n a e .
9 26 T O 9 3 2 A H .
-15 20 T O 15 25 A D .
4 27
a . D r a m a t is p er s on a e .
T he fo ll o w i n g m e n pl a y e d p r i n c ip a l p a rt s in t he e ve n t s of t he
i l d y e a rs
u n c h ro n c e
B ab u r in K ab u l B a d a k hs han a n d B a lk h h is e a r l i e r fo l l o wi n g
, ,
2
p u rg e d o f Mu g h t i l re be ll i o n a n d a u g m e n t e d by t he v a r i o u s
‘
M i rz as -in -e xil e in w ho s e n e e d o f e m pl o y m e n t S hah Be g s a w

B ab u r s n e e d o f w id e r t e rr i t o ry
’
?
S u l t an I b rahi m L d i who h a d s u c c e e d e d a ft e r h is fa t he r
d d ( S d y q d N
’
S ik h Z h
’ ‘
a n a r s e a t u n a a l - a a 7 t 2
9 3 A H — o v z l st . .
1 5 17 A D ) 3 w a s n o w e m b r o il e d in c ivil w a r a n d h a t e d fo r h is
.
, ,
t y ra n n y a n d c r u e l t y .
S hah I s m a i l Saf a w i r u l i n g d o w n t o R aj a b l gt h 9 30 A 11
‘
,
.
( M a
y 4 2 t h A D ) a n d t he n s u c c e e d e d by his s o
. n T a h m a sp
a et . 10 .
K ac ham ( K ac hkii nji ) K han K haq an ,

of t he A fi z b e g s , S ha i
b an i s s u c c e s s o r n o w in p o s s e s s w n o f T r a n s o x ia n a
’
,
.
S u l t an S a i d K han C 6 ag 6 a t ai wi t h he a d -q u a r t e rs in K as hg ha r
‘
, ,
a r u l e r a m o n g s t t he M u g h al s b u t n o t t he i r K haq an t he s u p re m e ,
K han s hip b e i n g h is e ld e r b ro t he r Ma n s fi r s
’
.
S h ah S hu j a Be g A rg 6 22n w ho d u r i n g t he p e ri o d a t v a ri o u s
‘
, , ,
t i m e s h e ld Q a n d a har S hal M u s t a n g Si wi s t an a n d p a r t o f , , , ,
S i n d H e d i e d in 9 30 A H ( 1 5 2 4 A D ) a n d wa s s u c ce e d e d by h is
. . .
s o n H a s a n w ho re a d t he k6 u t 6a fo r B ab u r .
K han M i rz a Mi r a n s 6 ci6 i w ho he ld B a d a k hs han fro m B ab u r

'
, ,
wi t h he a d -q u a rt e rs in Q an d ii z ; he d i e d in 9 2 7 A H ( 1 5 2 0 A D ) . .
a n d w a s s u c c e e d e d in his a pp o i n t m e n t by H u m ay fi n a et 13 . .
2
N o m in a lly lk v b
Ba h se e m s t o h a e e e n a Sa fa wi p o ss e s s io n ; b u t it is m a d e t o
seem c ose l ly p d
de e n e n t o n Bab u r by p M
his re c e i t fr o m u h a m m a d i- z a m an in it o f
t a sa ddu q ( m o n e fo r a m s ), a n d y l by d
his a c t io n c o n n e c t e w it h it
2 - -
Tar i k/z i s i n d,
’
a e t s t rsM l p p
7 7 a n d i n loco , 36 5 . . . .
3 A c h ro n o ra m i en g g v by
Ba dayii n i d d vxd
e c i e s t he e e q u e s t io n o f t h e at e o f d
k d ’
S i a n a r L adi s ea t h f a n n at u l -
— d ’
fi r das n a z la 9 2 3 ( B ib In d e d i, 3 2 2 , a n ing . . . R k
t rs .p 425 n . . k p d
E rs in e s u p o r t e 9 2 4 A H ( i, p ly ly g a rt re in o n a n e nt r . y
in Bab u r s
’
d y ‘
.
’
l M
ia r ( f 2 2 6 6 ) s d R a b i u l -a w wa I s t 9 2 5 A H ( a r c h 3r d 1 5 19 A D )
. . . .
w hic h s t a t e s t h a t o n t ha t da y M ll M
u a d
u rshi Ib
wa s s e n t t o r ahi m w ho se fa t he r
S i ka n da r 6 a d d ied f iv e or s ix m on t ks 6ef or e .
g
A a in s t t h is is t he c ir c u m st a n c e t ha t t he e n t r a o u t u a u rs h i is , e rh a s y b M ll M d p p
e n t ir e , ly
c e r t a in a rt , o ly p ly l
f a t e r e n t r t ha n w ha t re c e e s a n d w ha t fo o ws it in t he y p d ll
d yia r . T
his ca n b e s e e n o n e a m in a t io n it is a x
a ssa g e s u c h as t h e ia r s e c t io n p d y
s h e w s in o t h e r a c es , a e pl
t o t he ai dd d
re c o r a n d gi in d ly
t his t h e c ha ra c t e r o f a d v g
g v
d ra ft wa it in fo r r e is io n a n d r e w r it in ( fo l 2 16 6 n g . .
v d ly
( T o sa e iffi c u t t o t ho se who m a y r e fe r t o t h e L E [M e m oi r s o n t h e o in t , . . p
I m e n t io n t ha t t h e w ho e p a ssa e a o u t u a l urs hi g b
is is a c e in t ha t oo a n d M ll M d d pl d b k
t h a t t he a t e d M
a r c h 3 rd is o m it t ed ) .
4 28 T R A N S LAT O R S N OT E
‘ ’
M u h a m m a d -i-z a m an B ai -qa r a w ho he ld B a lk h p e rh a p s d i re c t
fro m B ab u r p e r ha p s fro m I s m a i l t h ro u g h B ab u r
‘
.
,
l d d i n Al a m K h an L adi b ro t he r o f t he l a t e S u l t an
‘ ’ ’ ‘
A a u -
,
Sik a n d a r L adi a n d n o w d e s i r i n g t o s u p e rs e d e h is n e p he w
I b rahi m .
D u l t K an Yas uf k6 a il ( a s B ab u r u n i fo rm ly d e s c ri be s him )
a a h -
,
o r L udi ( a s o t he r w r i t e rs d o ) ho ldi n g L aho r fo r I b r ahi m L adi

'
a t t he b e i n n i n g o f t he p e r i o d
g .
S O UR C E S F OR T H E E VE N TS OF T H I S GA P
A pl e t e h i s t o ry o f t he e v e n t s t he B a6u r -n am a l e a v e s
co m
u n re c o r d e d h a s y e t t o b e w ri t te n T h e be s t e xi s t i n g o n e .
,
w he t he r O r i e n t a l o r E u ro p e a n is E rs k i n e s H is t ory of I n dia ,
’
b u t t h i s d o e s n o t e x h a u s t t he s o u rc e s n o t a bly n o t u s i n g t he —
H a 6i 6n s -s iy a r — a n d c o u ld b e r e vi se d h e re a n d th e re with
’
a dv a n t a g e .
M o s t o f t he s o u rc e s e n u m e r a t e d a s u s e fu l fo r fi lli n g t he
p re vi o u s g a p a re s o he re ; t o t he m m u s t b e a dd e d fo r t he ,
a ffa i rs o f Q a n d a h ar K h w an d -a m i r s H a 6i 6u s -s iy a r
,
T h i s Mi r ’ ’
.
Ma s fi m s T ar ik6 -i-s in d s u ppl e m e n t s u se fu lly b u t it s b re vi t y a n d

‘ ’
it s d i s c re p a n t d a t e s m a k e it d e m a n d a d j u s t m e n t in s o m e d e t a il s
'
it is e xp a n d e d by S a yyid J a m al s T a r k6 ci n o r A rg 6 zZn -n am a ’
.
F o r t he a ffa i rs o f H in d ii s t an t he m a i n s o u rc e s a re e n u m e ra t e d
’
in E lli o t a n d D o ws o n s H is t o ry of I n dia a n d in N a s s a u L e e s
’
Ma t er ia ls f or t 6 e 6 is t ory of I n dia D o u btl e s s a ll wil l b e .
e x h a u s t e d fo r t he c o m i n C a m 6r i d e H is t ory o f I n dia
g g .
E VE N T S OF TH E UN C H R ON / C L E D YE A R S
9 26 AH .
—
D EC . 2 31 m 1 5 19 To D EC . 12 T H 1 5 20 AD .
T he
“
q u e s ti o nw h i c h w e re Bab u r s F ive e xp e diti o n s i n t o
of
’
H in d ii s t an h a s b e e n o ft e n d i s c u s s e d ; it is u s e fu l t he re fo re t o
e s t a bl i s h t he d a t e s o f t h o s e k n o w n a s m a d e I ha v e e n t e re d .
o n e a s m a d e in t h i s y e a r fo r t he fo ll o wi n re a s o n s it b ro k e
g
s ho r t b e c a u s e S hah B e d i i i t r it o r i e s
’
g m a e n c u rs o n n o B a b u r s t e r ,
a n d t h a t i n c u rs i o n w a s fo ll o w e d by a s i e e o f Q a n d a h ar w h i c h
g
se v e ra l m a t t e r s m e n t i o n e d b e l o w s ho w t o h a v e t a k e n pl a c e in
9 26 AH .
4 30 T R A N S LA I O R S
' ‘
’
NOTE
at K ahan ha d in t he 9 e nd o f 24 A H .
( No v . 1 5 19 H is so n
H a s a n ho w e v e r ,
w i t h w ho m he w a s u n re c o n c il e d , ha d b e e n fo r
m o re t ha n y e a r in B ab u r s c o m p a n y a m a t t e r n o t
a
’
,
—
u n lik e ly t o
s r u n e r c u rre n t s o f u n fr i e n d li n e s s o n e i t he r s id e
ti d - .
H is r e l a t i o n s wi t h S hah I s m a i l w e re d e fe re n t i a l in a pp e a ra n c e
‘
,
e v e n v a s s a l -lik e a s is s he w n by ,
K h w an d -a m i r s a c c o u n t o f hi
s
’
a pp e a l fo r i n t e rv e n t i o n a g a i n s t B ab u r t o t he S hah s o ffi c e rs
’
in H a rat W he t he r he re a d t he k6 u t 6a fo r a n y s u z e ra i n is
.
d o u b t fu l ; his s o n H a s a n it m a y b e s a id re a d it l a t e r o n fo r , ,
B ab u r .
c . T 6 e imp ell ing f Qa n da 6 ci r

ca u s e o f t 6 is s ieg e o .
P re c i s e ly w ha t S hah Be g d id t o b r i n g B ab u r b a c k fro m t he
P a nj -ab a n d d o w n u p o n Q a n d a har is n o t fo u n d m e n t i o n e d by
a n y s o u rc e I t s e e m s l ik e ly t o ha v e b e e n a n a ffa i r o f s u b o rdi n a t e s
.
i n s t i g a t e d by o r fo r h im It s i m m e d i a t e a g e n t s m a y h a v e b e e n
.
t he N i kdi ri ( N fi kdi ri ) a n d H a z ara t r ib e s B ab u r p u n i s he d o n his
way s o u th T he i r l o c a t i o n w a s t he w e s t e rn b o rd e r -l a n d t he y
.
m a y h a v e d e s c e n d e d o n t he G re a t N o rt h R o a d o r h a v e ra id e d
fo r fo o d in t ha t fa m i n e y e a r It s e e m s c e rt a i n t ha t S hah Be g .
m a d e n o s e ri o u s a t t e m p t o n K ab u l he w a s t o o m u c h o c c u pi e d
in S i n d t o a ll o w h im t o d o s o S o m e u n u s e d s o u r c e m a y t h ro w .
li g ht o n t he m a t t e r i n c id e n t a lly ; t he o ffe n c e m a y ha ve b e e n
s m a ll in i t s e l f a n d y e t s u ffi c i e n t t o d e t e r m i n e B ab u r t o r e m o v e
r i s k fro m his re a r
2
.
d .
Qa n da 6 ar .
QT he a n d a h ar o d i f i c u lt o f c a p t u re ;
f Bab u r s
f h i
’
es e ge s wa s
h a d n o t t a k e n it in 9 1 3 A H ( f 2 0 8 6) by s i e g e o r a s s a u l t b u t by . .
,
d e fa u l t a ft e r o n e d a y s fi g ht in t he o pe n T he s t re n g t h o f it s
’
.
p o s i t i o n c a n be j u d g e d fro m t he fo ll o w i n g a c c o u n t o f it s r u i n s
a s t he y w e re s e e n in 18 79 A D t he m ili t a ry d e t a il s o f w h i c h .
,
s u ppl e m e n t B e ll e w s d e s c r ip t i o n q u o t e d in A pp e n d ix J
’
.
T he fo rt ifi c a t i o n s a re o f g re a t e x t e n t wi t h a t re bl e l i n e o f
b a s ti o n e d w a ll s a n d a hi g h c i t a d e l in t he c e n t re T he pl a c e is .
in c o m pl e t e r u i n a n d it s l o c a lity n o w u s e fu l o n ly a s a g ra zi n g
ro u n d T h t w i i t h p t h a s e p a ra t e
g . e o n s n r e e a r s e a c o n ,
2
W as t he a t ta c k m de i ep i l
a n r r sa fo r S hah Be gs
’
fu r t h e r a gg r e ss io n o n t h e Ba r asl
l d
an s an d B ahu t
’
s h d it y bj c t
e re ar su e s? H a d t he se a pp l d t
ea e o t he he a d of t h e ir t rib e ?
9 26 TO 9 3 2 A IL — 15 20 T O 16 25 A D .
43 1
i
e m ne nce, and c a p a bl e o f m u t u a l d e fe n c e T he m o u n t a i n ha d .
b e e n c o v e re d w i t h t o w e rs u n i t e d by c u rt a i n s a n d t he o n e o n t he ,
c u l m inat in p o i n t m a y b e c a ll e d i m p re g n a bl e I t co m m a nde d
g .
t he c i t a d e l w h i c h s t o o d l o w e r d o w n o n t he s e c o n d e m i n e n c e a n d ,
t h i s in t u r n c o m m a n d e d t he t o w n w h i c h w a s o n a t a bl e ~ land
e l e v a t e d a b o v e t he pl a i n T he t r ipl e w a ll s s u rr o u n d i n g t he c i t y
.
w e re a t a c o n s id e ra bl e d i s t a n c e fro m it A ft e r e xpl o r i n g t he .
c i t a d e l a n d r u i n s w e m o u n t e d by t he g o rg e t o t he s u m m i t o f
,
t he h ill w i t h t he i m p r e g n a bl e fo rt In t hi s g o rg e a re t he ru i n s .
o f t w o t a n k s s o m e 8 0 fe e t s q u a re a ll d e s t r o y e d w i t h t he pill a rs
, , ,
fa ll e n ; t he w o r k is p u kka in b r i c k a n d c6 u n a m ( c e m e n t ) a n d
’
e a c h t a n k h a d b e e n d o m e d in ; t he y w o u ld h a ve he ld a b o u t
g a ll o n s e a c h ( L e M e s s u r.ie r s K a n da 6 a r i n 1 3 79 A D
’
.
- 22 3 z 4 5 )
pp ,
B a6u r Q 6
’
e . s s ieg es o f a n da ci r .
T he t e r m y e a rs is fo u n d a s s o c i a t e d w it h B ab u r s s i e g e s
of fiv e
’
o f Q a n d a har s o m e t i m e s s u e s t i n g a s i n l e a t t e m p t o f fi v e y e a rs
, gg g
d u ra t i o n T hi s it is e a s y t o s ho w i n c o rre c t ; it s r o o t m a y b e
.
Mi r Ma s fi m s e rro n e o u s c hro n o l o g y
‘ ’
.
T he d a y o n w h i c h t he k e y s o f Q a n d a har w e re m a d e o ve r t o
B ab u r is k n o w n fro m t he fa m o u s i n s c r ip t i o n w h i c h c o m m e m o
,
ra t e s t he e v e n t ( A pp e n di x J ) as S ha wwal 1 3 t h 9 2 8 A H , .
W o r k i n g b a c k wa rd s fro m t h i s it is k n o w n t ha t in 9 2 7 A H t e rm s , .
o f s u rre n d e r w e re m a d e a n d t ha t B ab u r w e n t b a c k t o K ab u l ;
he is b e s i e g i n g it in 9 2 6 A H t he y e a r u n d e r d e s c r ip t i o n
. his—
a n n a l s o f 9 2 5 A H a re c o m pl e t e a n d c o n t a i n n o s i e e ; t he y e a r
.
g
9 4 A H a pp e a rs t o ha v e ha d n o s i e g e S hah Be g w a s o n t he
2 .
,
I n d u s a n d his s o n w a s fo r a t l e a s t p a r t o f it w i t h B ab u r 9 2 3 A H .
w a s a y e a r o f i n t e n d e d s i e g e fru s t ra t e d by B ab u r s o w n il l n e s s
’
o f a n y s i e g e in 9 3 2 A H t h e re is a s e t n o re c o r d k n o w n S
y . o .
t ha t it is c e rt a i n t he re w a s n o u n re m i t t e d b e l e a g u e rm e n t t hro u g h
fi v e y e a rs .
26 A H
f T6 e s ieg e o f 9 .
( 15 2 0
W he n B ab u r s a t d o w n t o la y g u l a r s i e ge t o Q a n d a h ar w i t h
re ,
m i n i n g a n d b a t t e ri n g o f t he w a ll s , fa m i n e w a s d e s o l a t i n g t he
2
2
Le Me ss u r ie r wr it e s ( l c . . p
. 2 24 ) t ha t at O ld Q d an a har m an y st o n e b ll
a s la y
a bo ut , so m e d
w it h a ia m e t e r o f 18 in c he s , o t h e rs o f 4 or 5, c h ise ll d
e o ut o f l im es t o n e .
4 32 T RA N S L A T O R S N O T E ’
co u nt r y ro u n d T he g a rr i s o n w a s re d u c e d t o g r e a t di s t re s s ;
.
“p ”
e v e r a n a lly o f Q a n d a h ar b ro k e o u t wi t h i n t he
e s t il e n c e , ,
w a ll s s p re a d t o B ab u r s c a m p a n d in t he m o n t h o f T i r ( J u n e )
’
, ,
le d h im t o re t u r n t o K ab u l .
In t he s u c c e e d i n g m o n t hs o f re s pi t e S hah Be g p u s he d o n in ,
Si n d a n d his fo r m e r s l a ve n o w c o m m a n d e r M e ht a r S a m b ha l , ,
re vi c t u a ll e d t he t o w n .
9 27 A H .
—D EC . 12m 15 20 TO D EC . I ST 15 21 A D .
a . T 6 e m a n u s cr ip t s ou r ces .
T wo acco u n s o f t t he t h i s a nd n e x t ye a r
s e ge s o f
i Q a n d a har in
v il bl K h d a m i r s H a 6i 6u s -s iy a r t he o t he r in
’
i - ’
a re a a a e o n e n w an , ,
M a s am B 6 a kka r i s T ar i 6 i s in dk A s t he y h a v e i m p o rt a n t
‘ ’
- -
.
d i ffe re n c e s it is n e c e s s a ry t o c o n s id e r t he o pp o r t u n i t i e s o f t he i r
,
a u t ho r s fo r i n fo r m a ti o n .
K hw an d a m i r fi n i s he d h is h i s t o ry in 1 5 2 4 2 9 A D
- H is a c c o u n t —
.
o f t he s e a ffa i rs o f Q a n d a har is c o n t e m p o ra r y he w a s in c l o s e
t o u c h w i t h s e v e r a l o f t he a c t o r s in t he m a n d m a y h a v e b e e n in
H a rat t hro u g h t he i r c o u rse o n e o f h is p a t r o n s A m i r G hiy as u d ,
d i n w a s p u t t o d e a t h in t h i s y e a r in H a rat b e c a u s e o f s u s pi c i o n
,
t ha t h e w a s a n a lly o f B ab u r ; h is n e p he w a n o t he r G h iy as u d
’
di n w a s in Q a n d a har t he b e a re r n e x t y e a r o f it s k e y s t o B ab u r
,
m o re o v e r he w a s wi t h B ab u r h i m s e l f a fe w y e a rs l a t e r in
H in d fi s t an .
Mi r Ma ‘
s ii
‘
m w ro t e in 16 00 A D
y e a rs a ft e r K hwan d .
70 t o 7 5
am ir O f t he s e s i e g e s he t e ll s w ha t m a y ha ve b e e n t ra d i t i o n a l
.
a n d m e n ti o n s n o m a n u s c r ipt a u t ho r i t i e s B lo c h m a n n s bi o g ra p hy
’
.
o f him ( Ay i n -i —a k6a r i p 5 14 ) s he w s his a m pl e o pp o r t u n i t y o f

.
l e a rn i n g o ra lly w ha t h a d h a pp e n e d in t he A rg h t i n i n v a s i o n o f
‘
S i n d b u t d o e s n o t m e n t i o n t he o pp o rt u n i t y fo r he a r i n g t ra di t i o n s
,
a bo u t Q a n d a har w h i c h h is t e rm o f o ffi c e t he re a ll o we d him .
D u r i n g t ha t t e r m it w a s t ha t he a dd e d a n i n s c r ip t i o n c o m ,
m e m o ra t iv e o f A kb a r s d o m i n i o n t o B ab u r s o w n a t C h i h il -z i n a
’ ’
, ,
w h i c h re c o r d s t he d a t e o f t he c a p t u re o f Q a n d a har ( 9 2 8 A H .
15 2 2
Th d b d
we re s a i t o h a v e e e n u se in s ie e s in t h e t im e s o f t h e A r a s a n d
e se g b p p ll d
ro e e
ll d
fr o m a m a c hin e c a e m a nja n i c a s o r t o f a is t a o r c a t a u t ”
e a n t im e bl p l . M p hp
er a s
y
t he s e r e Ba u r vd b
his a cco unt t ha n fo r t he i r o w n

p o s iti o n in K hu r as an t he i r m a s t e r s ,
’
p o s i t i o n a t t he t i m e b e i n g w e a k e n e d by ill -s u c c e s s a g a i n s t t he
S u l t an o f R um T o B ab u r S hah Be g is w r i t t e n o f a s t ho u g h he
.
,
w e re a n i n s u b o rd i n a t e v a s s a l w ho m B ab u r w a s re d u c i n g t o o rd e r
fo r t he S hah b u t w he n A m i r K han he a rd t ha t S h ah B e g w a s
,
ha rd p re s s e d he w a s m u c h d i s t re s se d b e c a u s e he fe a re d a v ic t o rio u s
,
B ab u r m i g ht m o ve o n K hu ras an N o t h i n g i n di c a t e s ho we v e r .
t h a t B ab u r h a t u ras an in h is t ho u g ht s ; H in d fi s t an w a s h is
o bj e c tiv e a n d Q a n d a har a he lp o n t he w a y
, b u t a s A m i r K han
h a d t h i s fe a r a b o u t h im a p ro b a bl e g ro u n d fo r it is p ro vid e d by
,
t he p re s e n c e w i t h B ab u r o f B ai -q a ra e xil e s w ho se a m bi t i o n it
m u s t ha v e b e e n t o re c o ve r t he i r fo r m e r s e a t W he t he r fo r H a rat .
,
K ab u l o r H in d fi s t an Q a n d a har w a s s t re n g t h A n o t he r m a t t e r
, , .
n o t fi t ti n g t he a v o w e d p u r p o s e o f t he d ipl o m a t i c i n t e rv e n t i o n is
t he d e a t h o f G h iy as u d -di n b e c a u s e a n a lly o f B ab u r t hi s m a k e s
’
A m i r K han s e e m t o c o u n t B ab u r a s I s m a i l s e n e m y
‘ ’
.
S hah B e g s re q u e s t s fo r i n t e rve n t i o n b e g a n in 9 2 6 A H I
’
.
a s a l s o d id t he r e m o n s t r a n c e o f t he P e rs i a n o ffi c e rs w i t h B ab u r ;
his c o u r i e rs fo ll o w e d o n e a n o t he r w i t h e n t re a t y t ha t t he A m i rs
w o u ld c o n t r iv e fo r B ab u r t o r e ti re w i t h p ro m i s e o f o b e i s a n c e
,
a n d o f y e a r ly t r ib u t e T h e A m i rs s e t fo r t h t o B ab u r t ha t t ho u g h
.
S hah S hu j a Be g ha d o ffe n d e d a n d ha d b e e n d e s e rvi n g o f w ra t h

‘
a n d c ha s t i s e m e n t e t a s h e w a s p e n i t e n t a n d ha d p r o m i s e d
y , ,
l o y a l t y a n d t r ib u t e it w a s n o w p ro p e r fo r B ab u r t o ra i s e t he s i e g e
,
( o f 9 2 6 A H )
. a n d g o b a c k t o K a b u l T o t h i s B a b u r .a n s w e re d
t ha t S hah B e g s p ro m i s e w a s a v a i n t h i n g o n w h i c h n o r e li a n c e
’
c o u ld b e pl a c e d ; pl e a s e G o d s a id he he h i m s e l f w o u ld t a k e ,
Q a n d a har a n d s e n d S hah Be g a p ri s o n e r t o H a r at ; a n d t ha t
he s ho u ld b e r e a dy t he n t o g iv e t he k e y s o f t he t o w n a n d t he
p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e G a rm s i r t o a n y -o n e a pp o i n t e d t o re c e ive t he m
- .
T hi s c o rre s p o n d e n c e s u it s a n a s s u m p t i o n t ha t B ab u r a c t e d fo r
S hah I s m a i l a d ipl o m a t i c a s s u m p t i o n m e re ly t he v e rb a l ve il
‘
, , ,
o n o n e s id e fo r a n xi e t y l e s t B ab u r o r t ho s e wi t h h im s ho u ld
,
'
a t t a c k H a rat — o n t he o t he r fo r B ab u r s re s o lv e t o ho ld Q a n d a h ar
’
, ,
hi m s e l f .
A m i r Kh an w a s n o t s a t i s fi e d w i t h B ab u r s a n s w e r b u t h a d h is ’
,
a t t e n t i o n d i s t ra c t e d by a n o t he r m a t t e r p re s u m a bly U b a id u l-lah
‘ ’
K han s a t t a c k o n H a rat in t he s p r i n g o f t he ye a r ( M a rc h A p ri l
’
—
9 26 T O 9 3 2 A H .
— 15 20 T O 15 25 A D .
435
N e go c ia t io n s a pp e a r to ha v e b e e n re s u m e d l a t e r ,
i
s nce K hw an d -a m i r c a l ims it as t he i r re s u l t th a t B ab u r l e ft
Q a n d a har t hi s y e a r .
'
T he Tci r z kk z s z n a a ccou n t
' °
’
c .
- - .
Mi r M a ‘
s am v e ry b r i e f ; he s a y s t ha t in t h i s y e a r ( his
is
9 22 B ab u r w e n t d o w n t o Q a n d a har b e fo re t he y e a r s t r ib u t e ’
in g ra i n h a d b e e n c o ll e c t e d d e s t ro y e d t he s t a n d i n g c ro p s e n c o m, ,
p a s s e d t he t o w n a n d re d u c e d it t o e x t re m i t y ; t ha t S hah Be g
, ,
w e a r i e d u n d e r re i t e ra t e d a t t a c k a n d p re -o c c u pi e d by o p e ra t i o n s
in S i n d p ro p o s e d t e r m s a n d t h a t t he s e w e re m a d e w i t h s t ip u l a t i o n
, ,
fo r t he t o w n t o b e h is d u r i n g o n e y e a r m o re a n d t he n t o b e g ive n
o v e r t o B ab u r T he s e t e r m s s e t t l e d B ab u r w e n t t o K ab u l S hah
.
, ,
B e g t o S i wi
‘
T he A rg h an fa m ili e s w e re r e m o v e d t o S hal a n d S i w i s o t ha t ,
t he y e a r s d e l a y m a y h a v e b e e n a n a c c o m m o d a t i o n a l l o w e d fo r
’
t h i s p u r p o se .
f C o n cer n i ngr
’
. a a t es .
T he re is m u c h d i s c re p a n c y b e t w e e n t he d a t e s o f t he t w o
hi s t o ri a n s K hw an d -a m i r s a g re e w i t h t he fe w fi x e d o n e s o f t he
’
.
r i o d a n d w i t h t he c o u r s e o f e v e n t s ; s e ve ra l o f Ma s fi m s o n
‘ ’
p e ,
t he c o n t ra ry a re s er z a t z n z fi v e ( l u n a r ) y e a rs e a r li e r F o r i n st a n ce
’ ’
.
, ,
e v e n t s K hw an d -a m i r pl a c e s u n d e r 9 2 7 A H M a s am pl a c e s u n d e r
‘
.
A g a i n w h il e M a s u m c o rre c t ly g iv e s 9 1 3 A H ( l 50 7 A D )
‘
9 2 2 AH .
,
. .
a s t he y e a r o f B ab u r s fi r s t c a p t u r e o f Q a n d a har he s e t s u p a
’
d i s c re p a n t s e r i e s l a t e r fro m t he s u c c e s s S hah Be g h a d a t K ahan

,
t h i s he a ll o t s t o 9 2 1 A H ( I 5 1 5 A D ) w he re a s B ab u r re c e iv e d n e w s
. .
o f it ( f 2 3 35 ) in t he b e i n n i n o f 9 25 AH A g a in
.
g g .
,
M a s am m a k e s S hah H a s a n g o t o B ab u r in 9 2 1 A H a n d s t a y
‘
.
t w o y e a rs ; b u t H a s a n s p e n t t he w ho l e o f 9 2 5 A H w i t h B ab u r .
a n d is n o t m e n t i o n e d a s h a vi n l e ft b fo re t h e s e c o n d m o n t h o f
g e
A g a i n M a s am m a k e s S hah Be g s u rre n d e r t he k e y s
‘
AH .
,
o f Q a n d a har in 9 3 3 A H b u t 9 2 8 A H ( 1 5 2 2 A D ) is
. . .
s he w n by K hw an d -a m i r s d a t e s a n d n a r ra t iv e a n d is i n sc r ib e d
’
at C h i h il -z in a .
l
1
i nf r a an d A pp d ix I
en .
4 36 T RA N S LA T OR S N O T E ’
9 28 A IL — D EC . l sr 15 21 TO N OV . 2OT H 15 22 A D .
'
B aoa r B a a a kns lz an
’
’
a . o zs z ts .
E i t he r e a rly in t h i s y e a r o r l a t e in t he p re vi o u s o ne B ab u r a n d ,
M ahi m w e n t t o vi s i t H u m ay fi n in h is g o ve rn m e n t p ro b a bly ,
to Fa iz ab ad a n d s t a y e d w i t h ,
h im w ha t G u l-b a d a n c a ll s
a fe w d a y s .
' '
Qa n a a nar
’ ’
o E afi ea z t z on t o
. .
Thi s ye a r s a w p o s s e s s i o n o f Q a n d a har
t he e n d of t he duel fo r .
K hw n a m i r s a c c o u n t o f it s s u rre n d e r d i ffe r s w id e ly fro m

d
’
a -
Ma s fi m s I t c l a i m s t ha t B ab u r s re ti re m e n t in 9 2 7 A H w a s d u e
‘ ’
.
’
.
t o t he re m o n s t r a n c e s fro m H a r at a n d t ha t S h ah B e g w o r n o u t , ,
by t he s i e g e re l i e d o n t he a r ra n g e m e n t t he A m i rs h a d m a d e
,
w i t h B a b ar a n d w e n t t o S i wi l e a vi n g o n e A bd u l -b aq i in c h a rg e
‘ ’
o f t he pl a c e T h i s m a n s a y s K hwan d -a m i r d re w t he li n e o f
.
, ,
o bli t e ra t i o n o v e r h is d u t y t o his m a s t e r s e n t t o B ab u r b ro u g h t , ,
h im d o w n t o Q a n d a h ar a n d g a v e him t he k e y s o f t he t o w n,
by t he h a n d o f K hw an d a m i r s n e p he w G h iy as u d di n s p e c ifi e s
- -
’ ’
t he T a r ab an -n anz a In t h i s y e a r m e s s e n g e rs h a d c o m e a n d
'
g o n e b e t we e n B ab u r a n d H a r at t w o m e n e m pl o y e d by A m i r
K han a re m e n t i o n e d by n a m e o f t he m t he l a s t ha d n o t re t u rn e d
t o H a rat w he n a c o u r i e r o f B ab u r s b r i n g i n g a t r ib u t a ry g i ft
’
, ,
a n n o u n c e d t he re t h a t t he t o w n w a s in h is m a s t e r s ha n d s ’
.
K hw an d -a m i r t hu s fix e s t he y e a r 9 2 8 A H a s t h a t in w h i c h t he .
t o wn p a s s e d i nt o B ab u r s ha n d s t h i s d a t e is c o n fi r m e d by t he
’
o n e i n s c r ib e d in t he m o n u m e n t o f vi c t o ry a t C h i h il -zi n a w h i c h
B ab u r o rd e re d e x c a va t e d o n t he n a z e o f t he li m e s t o n e r id g e
b e h i n d t he t o w n T he d a t e t he re g iv e n is S ha w w al 1 3 t h 9 2 8 A H
. .
( p
S e 6 t
. h 1 5 2 2
Ma s fi m s a c c o u n t d a t e d 9 2 3 A H ( I
‘ ’
,
is o f t he b r i e fe s t .
S hah Be g fu lfill e d his p r o m i s e m u c h t o B ab u r s a pp ro v a l by ,

’
s e n di n
g h im t h e k e y s o f t h e t o w n a n d r o y a l re s id e n ce .
A l t ho u g h K hw an d -a m i r s a c c o u n t h a s g o o d c l a i m t o b e
’
a c c e p t e d it m u s t b e a d m i t t e d t h a t s e v e ra l c i r c u m s t a n c e s c a n b e
,
t a k e n t o s ho w t h a t S ha h B e g h a d a b a n d o n e d Q a n d a h ar e g t he ,
. .
r e m o v a l o f t he fa m ili e s a ft e r B ab u r s r e ti re m e n t l a s t y e a r a n d
’
his o w n a b se n c e in a re m o t e p a r t o f S i n d t h i s y e a r .
’ '
Exp o s i t i o n ) , b u t of w h i c h t he t ru e
id by t he N af a z s u l ti t l e is
’
L
L sa
m a a s i r t o b e D a r fi qa nz n oa iy a n ( T he L a w e xp o u n d e d ) Sp re n g e r
‘ ’
fo u n d it c a ll e d a l s o F iga -i -oaoa r i ( B ab u r s L a w) It is a v e rs ifi e d
'
’
.
a n d h i g h ly o rt h o d o x t r e a t i s e o n M u h a m m a d a n L a w w r i t t e n fo r ,
t he i n s t ru c t i o n o f K am ran A C o m m e n t a ry o n it c a l l e d a l s o
.
,
Mn bz n wa s w ri t t e n by S ha ik h Z a i n B ab u r q u o te s fro m it
’
,
.
( 35 )
f . 1 6 w h e n w r i t i n g o f l i n e a r m e a s u r e s B e r éz in e fo u n d and .
p u bli s he d a l a rg e p o rt i o n o f it a s p a rt o f his C ar es t ofn a t /z ie a qn e

( K a z a n 1 8 5 t h e s a m e f r a g m e n t m a y b e w h a t w a s p u bli s h e d
by Ilm in s ky T e u fe l re m a r k s t ha t t he M S u s e d by Be réz in e m a y
. .
ha v e d e s c e n d e d d i re c t fr o m o n e s e n t by B ab u r t o a d i s t i n g u i s he d
l e g i s t o f T ra n s o x ia n a b e c a u s e t he l a s t w o rd s o f B e réz in e s i m p r i n t
,
’
a r e B ab u r s B eg /ei t s c/z r eioen ( en v oi ) ; he a dd s t h e e xp e c t a t i o n

’
t ha t t he l e g i s t s n a m e m i g ht b e l e a rn e d P e rha p s t h i s re c ipi e n t
’
.
w a s t he K hw aj a K a l an s o n o f K hw aj a Y a h y a a S a m a r ka n di t o, ,
who m B ab u r s e n t a c o py o f h is M e m o i rs o n M a rc h 7 t h 1 5 2 0
(9 3 5 A H . f .
2 . T he B aba r -nai n a
d i a ry o f 9 ( 5 9
1 1 2 0 Thi s 2 5— 6 A H .
—
is a l m o s t c o n t e m p o r a ry wi t h t he Ma oi n a n d is t he e a r li e s t p a r t
o f t he B aba r -n anz a w r i t i n g s n o w k n o w n It wa s w r i t t e n a b o u t .
a d e c a d e e a r li e r t h a n t he n a r r a t iv e o f 8 9 9 t o 9 14 A H ( 14 9 4 t o .
1 50 7 c a r r i e s l a t e r a n n o t a t i o n s a n d h a s n o w t he c h a r a c t e r ,
o f a d ra ft a w a i t i n r e vi s i o n
g .
3 A D i w an ( C o l l e c t i o n o f p o e m s )
. By d o v e t a il i n g a fe w .
fra g m e n t s o f i n fo r m a t i o n it b e c o m e s c l e a r t h a t by 9 2 5 A H ,
.
( 9 19 A D ) B ab u r ha d m a d e a C o ll e c t i o n o f p o e t i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n s
1 .
di s t i n c t fro m t he R am p fi r D i w an ; it is w ha t he s e n t t o P fi lad
S u l t a n in 9 2 5 A H ( f 2 It s d a t e e x c l u d e s t he g re a t e r p a rt
. .
o f t he R am i i r o n e I t m h v i d h s e v e rs e s t o
’
p a y a e c o n t a. n e t o
whi c h m y h u s b a n d d re w a t t e n t i o n in t he A s i a t i c Q u a r t e rly
R e vi e w o f 19 1 1 a s q u o t e d in t he A ozZs /z ga ; a n d it m a y ha v e
,
c o n t a i n e d in a r e e m e n t w it h it s e a r li e r d a t e t he v e rs e s B ab u r
g , ,
q u o t e s a s w r i t t e n in his e a r li e r y e a rs N o n e o f t he q u a t ra i n s .
”
fo u n d in t he A oaa a a n d t he re a t t r ib u t e d t o B ab u r M i rz a
F o r a c c o u n t s o f t h e Ma fi a , A kba r -n am e: B ib I n d e d i 1 18 , t rs H B e eri e
1
. . . . . . v dg
i 2 78 n o t e , Ba dayim i io i, 3 4 3 , t rs 4 5 0 , S re n e r ZD MG R k g p
x 8 6 2, p g
'
. a n in. . . .
T e u fe i o 18 8 3 l T he A kba r -n am a a c c o u n t a
. . e a rs in u r i in t h e pp
ra m e n t s T k F g
ass o c ia t e w it h d ’
K
e h r s t ra n s c r i t o f t h e B N p
( A S 19 0 8 ,
’
JR
7 0, A S B s a r t
. . . p . . . . .
B abu r -n am a . b
Ba u r m e n t io n s t he Al u oz n ( f 2 5 2 6, f 3
‘
. .
9 26 T O 9 3 2 A H -15 20 T O 15 25 A D
. .
4 39
a re in t he R am p fi r D i w an ; n o r a re s e v e ra l o f t ho s e e a rly o n e s
o f t he B aba r -n an z a S o t ha t t he D i wan s e n t t o P al ad S u l t an
.
m a y b e t he w h i c h t he A s a a d re w it s e x a m pl e s
s o u rc e fr o m .
O n fi rs t e x a m i n i n g t h e s e v e r s e s d o u b t a ro s e a s t o w h e t h e r ,
t he y w e re r e a lly by B ab u r Mi r an s /z a/z i o r w he t he r t he y w e re
by B ab u r M i rz a s wam / F o rt u n a t e ly m y h u s b a n d li g ht e dW .
o n o n e o f t he m q u o t e d in t he S a ng la /c/t a n d t he re a t t r ib u t e d t o
B ab u r P ad s hah T he A oas /z qa q u a t ra i n s a re u s e d a s e x a m pl e s
.
in d e C o u rt e ill e s D ict ion a ry b u t wi t ho u t a n a u t ho r s n a m e t he y

’ ’
c a n b e t r a c e d t he re t h r o u g h m y h u s b a n d s a r t i c l e s
’ ‘
.
9 29 A H .
-N O V . 20T H 15 22 TO N OV . 1OT H 15 23 AD .
'
Af H in a as t an ’
a . a ir s o f .
i n t e re st in B ab u r s a ffa rs i m o ve s fro m
’
T he c e n t re of now
Q a n d a har to a H in d as t an
by fa c t i o n o f w h i c h fa c ti o n o n e
t o rn ,
re s u l t w a s a n a pp e a l m a d e a t t h i s t i m e t o B ab u r by D a u l a t K han
L ad ; Y a s af -kh a i l ) a n d A l a u d -d i n A l a m K h a n
‘
i a i fo r
’
h e lp ‘ ’
a g a i n s t I b r ahi m
2
.
T he fo ll o w i n g d e t a il s a re t a k e n m o s t ly fro m A h m a d Y adg ar s
’
Ta i r a/z -i -s a /a t i n -i -a f g
a /za n a 3 z— D a u l a t K h an h a d b e e n s u m m o n e d
t o I b rahi m s p re s e n c e ; he ha d b e e n a fra id t o g o a n d h a d s e n t
’
his s o n D il aw a r in his pl a c e his d i s o b e d i e n c e a n g e r i n g I b rahi m ,
D il aw a r ha d a b a d re c e p t i o n a n d wa s s he wn a g ha s t ly e x hibit
o f d i s o b e di e n t c o m m a n d e rs Fe a r i n g a l ik e fa t e fo r h i m s e l f he
.
,
m a d e e s c a p e a n d ha s t e n e d t o r e p o r t m a t t e rs t o h is fa t he r in
H is i n fo rm a t i o n s t re n g t he n i n g D a u l a t K han s p re vi o u s
’
L aho r .
a pp r e he n s i o n s d e c id e d t he l a t t e r t o p ro ffe r a ll e g i a n c e t o B ab u r
,
a n d t o a s k h is he lp a g a i n s t I b r ahi m A pp a re n t ly Al a m K han s
‘ ’
.
i n t e re s t s w e re a p a rt o f t h i s r e q u e s t A c c o rd i n g ly D il aw a r .
( A ) K h t K b l h r e d wi t h his f
’
o r
p qa a n w e n t o a u c a g a t h e r s ,
m e s s a g e a n d w i t h i n t e n t t o m a k e k n o w n t o B ab u r I b rahi m s
’
I
JR AS . P er s ia n MSS i n I n d ia n L ibr a r i es ( e s cr i t io n o f t he R am p fi r
19 0 1 , . d p
’
D i w an ) ; A Q R 19 1 1 , B aba r s D i w an (i e t he R am p fi r D i w an )
. a n d S om e v er s e:
. .
h e E mfi er o r B ab u r ( t h e A oar /z oo q u o t a t io n s )
f
o t .
For D r E
“A ft e r him
. o ss.
’
D R . Rp d
e ro u c t io n a n d a cc o u n t o f t he R am fi r D i w an ,
p A S E 1 9 10 J . .
2
( rahi m ) wa s Ba u r Ib in o f i i , who o we b
his K g
a c e t o t he D bl d pl
P g p o e t s o f t he XV g P II
”
a t han s , w r it e s t he A f han o e t K h fi sh -hal l a t t a k ( A f han
centur , y C E Bi u h,
. . dd lp p .
3 T h e t ra n s a t io n o n l ly b
ha s e e n a a i a e ( E D s H of I , v ol
’
v l bl . . . . .
4 40 T R A N S LAT O R S ’
NO TE
evil d i s p o s i t i o n h is c ru e l t y a n d t y ra n n y w i t h t he i r
, , f ru i t of
d i s c o n t e n t a m o n g s t his C o m m a n d e rs a n d s o ld i e ry .
o R ecep t ion
.
f
o D ilaw a r K han i n K abu l .
W e dd i n g fe s t iviti e s w e re in p ro g re s s w he n D il aw a r K han I
r e a c he d K ab u l H e p re e n e d h i m s e l
s t . f a t t e C har b ag h m a y
h -
,
b e i n fe rre d a n d h a d w o rd t a k e n t o B ab u r t ha t a n A fg ha n w a s
,
a t h is G a t e w i t h a p e t i t i o n W he n a d m i t t e d h e d e m e a n e d .
,
’
h i m s e l f a s a s u ppli a n t a n d p ro c e e d e d t o s e t fo rt h t he d is t re s s o f
H in d fi s t an B ab u r a s k e d w hy he w ho s e fa m ily h a d s o l o n g
.
,
e a t e n t he s a l t o f t he L ad i s h a d s o s u dd e n ly d e s e r t e d t he m fo r
,
hi m s e l f D il aw a r a n s w e re d t h a t h is fa m ily th ro u g h 4 0 y e a rs ha d
.
u p h e ld t he L ad i t h r o n e b u t t h a t I b r ahi m m a lt re a t e d S ika n d a r s
’
a m i rs h a d kill e d 2 5 o f t he m wi t ho u t c a u s e s o m e by h a n i n
, g g , ,
s o m e b u rn e d a liv e a n d t ha t t he re w a s n o h o p e o f s a fe ty in him
, .
T he re fo re he s a id he h a d b e e n s e n t by m a n y a m i rs t o B ab u r
, ,
w ho m t he y w e re r e a dy t o o b e y a n d fo r w ho se c o m i n g th e y w e re
o n t he a n xi o u s w a t c h .
c . B aba r a s ks a s i g n .
A t t he d aw n of t he d a y fo ll o wi n g t he fe a s t ,
B ab u r p ra y e d in
t he g a r d e n fo r a s i g n o f vi c t o ry in H in d fi s t an a s ki n g t ha t it ,
s ho u ld b e a g i ft t o h i m s e l f o f m a n g o o r b e t e l fru i t s o f t h a t l a n d , .
It s o h a pp e n e d t ha t D a u l a t K han h a d s e n t h im a s a p re s e n t , ,
ha l f-r ip e n e d m a n g o e s p re s e rv e d in ho n e y w he n t he s e w e re s e t
be fo re him he a c c e pt e d t he m a s t he s i g n a n d fro m t ha t ti m e
, ,
fo r t h s a y s t he c h ro n i c l e r m a d e p re p a ra ti o n fo r a m o v e o n
, ,
H in d fi s t an .
AYa f n K nan
‘
d . .
A l th o u g h
‘
Al a m K han see m s t o ha v e ha d so m e a m o u nt of
su pp o rt fo r his a t t e m p t a g a i n s t his n e p he w e v e n t s s ho w he had ,
n o n e v a l id fo r h is p u r p o s e T ha t he ha d n o t D a u l a t K han s ’
.
,
l a t e r o c c u r r e n c e s m a k e c l e a r M o r e o v e r he s e e m s n o t t o h a v e
.
be e n a m a n t o w in a d he re n c e o r t o b e a c c e pt e d a s a t ru s t wo rt hy
a n d s e n s ibl e l e a d e r D a t e s a re u n c e r t a i n in t he a b s e n c e o f
2
.
g d
T he m a rria e is sa i t o ha e e e n K am r an s ( E D s v b ’
. .
’
2
k l l
E rs in e ca c u a t e t ha t A a m
‘
d
han wa s n o w w e o e r 70 l K ll v y e a rs o f a g e (H . of
I . i, 4 2 1
T RA N S LA T O R S N O T E ’
o T li e. ca u s e o f r et u r n .
D a u l a t K han s i is t he
bvi o u s c a u s e o f t he re t i re m e n t
’
act on o .
H e a n d h is s o n s h a d n o t j o i n e d B ab u r u n t il t he l a t t e r wa s
a t D i b alp ii r ; he w a s n o t re s t o re d t o h is fo r m e r pl a c e in c ha r e
‘
g
o f t he i m p o rt a n t L aho r b u t w a s g iv e n ja l a n d h a r a n d S u lt an ar
,
p ,
a t o w n o f h is o wn fo u n d a t i o n T h i s a n g e re d h im e x t re m e ly .
b u t he s e e m s t o h a v e c o n c e a l e d h is fe e li n g s fo r t he t i m e a n d t o
h a v e g ive n B ab u r c o u n s e l a s if he w e re c o n t e n t H is s o n D il aw a r .
,
ho w e ve r re p re s e n t e d t o B ab u r t ha t h is fa t he r s a dvi c e w a s
’
t re a c he ro u s it c o n c e r n e d a m o v e t o M u l t an fro m w h i c h pl a c e ,
D a u l a t K h an m a y h a v e c o m e u p t o D i b alp fi r a n d c o n n e c t e d
wi t h w h i c h a t t hi s t i m e s o m e t h i n g is r e c o rd e d o f c o -o p e ra t i o n
,
by B ab u r a n d S hah H a s a n A rg nan B u t t he i n c id e n t is n o t .
e t f o u n d c l e a r ly d e s c r ib e d by a s o u rc e D il aw a r K h an t o ld
y .
’
B ab u r t ha t his fa t he r s o bj e c t wa s t o d ivid e a n d t hu s w e a k e n
fl
t he i n v a di n g fo r c e a n d a s t h i s w o u ld h a v e b e e n t he re s u l t o f
,
t a ki n g D a u l a t K h an s a dvi c e B ab u r a r re s t e d h im a n d A p aq o n
’
s u s pi c i o n o f t re a c h e ro u s i n t e n t T he y w e re s o o n re l e a s e d a n d .
,
S u lt an p ii r w a s g iv e n t he m b u t t he y e d t o t he h ill s t he re t o , ,
a wa i t a c ha n c e t w p h P nj ab D a u l a t K han s
- ’
o s o o o n t e a .
ili
ho s t t y a n d h is n o n -fu lfi lm e n t o f his e n g a g e m e n t w i t h B ab u r
pl a c i n g d a n g e r in t he re a r o f a n e a s t wa rd a dva n c e t he P a n j -ab ,
w a s g a rr i s o n e d by Bab u r s o w n fo ll o w e rs a n d he h i m s e l f w e n t
’
b a c k t o K ab u l .
It is e vid e n t fro m w ha t fo ll o w e d t ha t D a u l a t K han c o m m a n d e d

m u c h s t re n g t h in t h e P a n j -ab ; e vid e n t a ls o t h a t s o m e t hi n g
c o u n s e ll e d d e l a y in t he a t t a c k o n I b rahi m p e r ha p s c l o s e r c o he s i o n ,
in fa v o u r o f Al a m K han c e rt a i n ly re m o v a l o f t he m e n a c e o f
‘
,
D a u l a t K han in t he re a r ; t he re m a y ha v e b e e n n e ws a l re a dy
o f t he a pp ro a c h o f t he A fi z b e g s o n B a lk h w h i c h t o o k B ab u r
n e x t ye a r a c r o s s H i d k u sh
n a- .
'
-
T b e P a n ab i
c .
j g a r r s on .
T he e xp e d i t i o n ha d e x t e n d e d B ab a r s c o m m a n d c o n s id e ra bly
’
n o t a bly by o b t a i n i n g p o s s e s s i o n o f L ah o r H e n o w p o s t e d in .
it Mi r A bd l — a z i z h is M a s t e r o f t he H o rs e
j
‘ ’
in D i b alp ur h e
'
u ;
p o s t e d wi t h A l a m K han B ab a Q a s hq a Mug /5221 ; in S ialk o t
,
‘
, ,
K hu s ra u K fi kfi ld as h in K a la n fi r M u h a m m a d A li Tajza ‘ ’
, , .
9 26 T O 9 3 2 A H - 15 20 T O 15 25 AD
. .
443
d . T z o o dea t ns .
Th i s ye a r R aj a b l gt h ( Ma y 2 3 rd ) d i e d I s m a i l Saf a w i a t
, on
‘
t he a g e o f 3 8 b ro k e n by d e fe a t fro m S u l t an S a l i m o f R am
, .
I
H e w a s s u c c e e d e d by h is s o n T a h m as p a c h ild o f t e n , .
T h i s y e a r m ay b e t ha t o f t he d e a t h o f S hah S hu j a A rg nun ‘ '

2
,
o n S ha b an 2 2 n d ( J u ly 1 8 t h ) t he l a s t g r i e f o f his b u r d e n b e i n
‘
g ,
t h e d e a t h o f h is fo s t e r -b ro t he r F az il c o n c e r n i n g w h i c h a s w e l l ,
a s S h ah B e d a t h Mi r Ma s u m s a c c o u n t is w o r t hy o f
’ ‘ ’
g s o w n e ,
fu l l re p ro d u c t i o n S hah B e g w a s s u c c e e d e d in S i n d by h is s o n
.
H a s a n w ho r e a d t he Irku t 6a fo r B ab u r a n d d re w c l o s e r l i n k s
,
wit h B ab u r s c i rc l e by m a rryi n g e i t he r t h i s y e a r o r t he n e x t
’
, ,
K ha l i fa s d a u g ht e r G u l-b a rg w it h w ho m b e t ro t ha l ha d be e n
’
m a d e d u r i n g H a s a n s vi s i t t o B ab u r in K ab u l M o re o v e r
’
.
K ha l i fa s s o n M u h ibb -i- a li m a rr i e d N ahi d t he d a u g ht e r o f Q as i m

’ ‘
K fi kfi ldas h a n d Mah -c hac h ak A rg nzZn ( f T he s e a lli a n c e s

'
‘
w e re m a d e s a y s M a s am t o s t re n g t he n H a s a n s p o s i t i o n a t
, ,
’
B ab u r s C o u r t
’
.
e . A g a r den det a il .
t h i s y e a r a n d p re su m a bly o n his re t u rn fro m t he P a nj -ab

In ,
B ab u r a s he hi m s e l f c hro n i c l e s ( f
,
ha d pl an t a i n s ( b a n a n a s ) .
b ro u g ht fro m H in d fi s t an fo r t he B ag h-i-w a fa a t A di n a p fi r .
9 3 1 AH .
—O C T . 29 T H 15 24 T O OC T . I ST H 15 25 A D .
a . D a u la t K nan .
D a u l a t K han s p o w e r in t he P a n j -ab is s he w n by w ha t he
’
e ffe c t e d a ft e r d i s p o s s e s s e d o f L aho r O n B ab u r s re t u rn t o K ab u l
’
.
,
he c a m e d o w n fro m t he h ill s w i t h a s m a ll b o dy o f his i m m e di a t e

fo ll o w e rs s e iz e d h is s o n D il aw a r t o o k S u lt an p fi r g a t he re d a l a rg e
, , ,
‘
fo rc e a n d d e fe a t e d Al a m K han in D i b alp fi r H e d e t a c he d 500 0

‘
.
m e n a g a i n s t S i alk o t b u t B a b u r s b e g s o f L aho r a t t a c k e d a n d
’
o v e rc a m e t h em I b r a h i m s e n t a n a r m y t
. o r e c o n q u e r t he P a n j -ab
ll g
T he fo o win o l d E n ish r e fe r e n ce t o sm a i s a gl
e a r an ce m a y b e q u o t e as I ‘
l ’
pp d
d
fo u n in a c o rn e r s o m e wha t o u t -o f-t h e -w a y fr o m O r ie n t a m a t t e r s I n h is e s sa o n l . y
b ea u t y d
L o r Ba c o n w rit e s wh e n a r u in a a in st t h e t h e o r t ha t e a u t is u s u a g not g g y b y lly
a s so c ia t e d
w it h h igh m in d e dn e ss , B u t t h is h o s n o t a wa s fo r A u u s t u s aesa r , ld l y g C
T P lp F
it u s Ve s p a s ia n u s , hi i l e B e l o f r a n c e , E wa r t h e o u rt h o f E n a n , A c i ia e s d d F gl d l b d
o f A t h e n s,
‘
I
sm a i t h e S o h l p y
( Sa fa wi ) o f e rsia , w e re a ll hi h a n d rea t s ir it s , a n d P g g p
b
ye t t h e m o st e a u t ifu m e n o f t h e ir t im e s l .
9
C f s a 9 2 8 A H fo r isc u ss io n o f t h e e ar o f e a t h
. . . . d y d .
9 26 T O 9 3 2 A H .
— 15 20 T O 15 25 A D .
D a u l a t K han p ro fi t i n g by it s d i s s e n s i o n s a n d d i s c o n t e n t s
fl
, , wo n
o v e r a p a r t t o h i m se l f a n d s a w t he r e s t b re a k u p .
f il a m K li an
‘
6 . .
F ro m h is re v e rs e a t D i b alp fi r Al a m K han e d s t ra i ght t o ,

‘
K ab u l T he fu rt he r he lp he a s k e d w a s p ro m i se d u n d e r t he
.
c o n d i t i o n t h a t w h il e h e s h o u ld t a k e I b rahi m s pl a c e o n t he t hro n e
’
o f D ibl i B ab u r in f u ll s u z e r a i n t y s ho u ld ho ld L ah o r a n d a ll t o
,
t he w e s t o f it T h i s a rr a n g e d Al a m K han w a s fu r n i s he d w i t h
.
,
‘
a b o dy o f t r o o p s g iv e n a r o y a l l e tt e r t o t he L aho r b e g s o r d e r i n g
,
t he m t o a s s i s t h im a n d s t a r t e d o ff B ab u r p ro m i s i n g t o fo ll o w
, ,
s wi ft ly .
Al a m K han s s u b s e q u e n t p ro ce e d i n g s a re t o ld by B ab u r in
’
t he a n n a l s o f 9 3 2 A H ( 1 5 2 5 A D ) a t t he t i m e he r e ce iv e d d e t a il s
. .
a b o u t t he m ( f .
c . B a6u r ca ll ed t o B a llelz .
A ll w e h a ve y e t fo u n d a b o u t t h i s a ffa i r is w h a t B ab u r s a y s in
e xpl a n a t i o n o f h is fa il u re t o fo ll o w Al a m K han a s p ro m i s e d ‘
(f . n a m e ly t h a t h e h a d t o g o t o B a lk h b e c a u s e a ll t he
,
A fi z b e g S u l t an s a n d K h an s h a d l a id s i e g e t o it L i g h t o n t he .
a ffa i r m a y c o m e fro m s o m e P e rs i a n o r A fi z b e g c h r o n i c l e ; B ab u r s
’
a rr iv a l r a i s e d t he s i e g e ; a n d r i s k m u s t h a v e b e e n re m o v e d fo r ,
B ab u r r e t u r n e d t o K ab u l in t i m e t o s e t o u t fo r his fi ft h a n d l a s t
e xp e d i t i o n t o H in d fi s t an o n t h e fi rs t d a o f t he se c o n d m o n th
y
o f n e xt y e a r ( 9 3 2 A H 152 A c o n s id e ra bl e b o dy o f t ro o p s
.
wa s in B a d a k hs han wi t h H u m ay fi n t he i r n o n -a rr iv a l n e xt ye a r
d e l a yi n g his fa t he r s p ro g re s s b ro u g ht bl a m e o n h i m s e l f
’
,
.

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O T H ER OR IENTA L WO RKS

A Comp rehensive History of In dia 3 v ol . Lon do n and

A N N E TTE SU SAN N A H B E VE RID G E

Bib i Bro o k e s Key of the Hearts 0! Beginners t rs ( P e rs i an )

Notes on the MSS . of the Babur-

T r an sla t e d fro m t he o r igin a l T urki T e xt

M ah m ud C kag /z a t d z ( T he K han ) i n v a d e F a rg han a— D e a t h

his a m biti o n t o r u l e — g o e s in p e rs o n t o a s k T he K han s

T he s e l f-a gg ra n d i z e m e n t o f A li -d o s t Mug fz zZl— Bab u r s ﬁ rs t

q u a rre l s w i t h t he T a rkhan s — T he K han s e n d s t r0 0 p s a g a i n s t

H e ri — his a ffa i rs in g o o d p o s it io n b irt h of h is ﬁ rs t c h ild

F u til e p ro c e e d i n g s o f T a m b a l a n d T he K han 127 14 5

S a m a r k a n d — his s i s t e r K han -z ad a is m a r r i e d by S ha iban i

T as hki n t — Mu g hﬁ l c o n s pi rac y a g a i n s t T a m b a l Mug /212!

dwi n dli n g c o m p a n y w o u n d e d l e ft a l o n e is s t ru c k by his

t he K han s r e t i re fro m A n d ij an B ab u r s a ffa i rs in A khs i

s a fe ty t o p ra y e r— d e a l s m e r c i fu lly fro m fa m ily c o n s id e ra

him who h a s p ro t e c t e d t he m — a s s e rt s t ha t his o n ly a im is

S ha ib ani t a k e s H e ri — his d o i n g s t he re— D e fe a t a n d d e a t h

K ﬁ l-i-m a lik — B ab u r ﬂ e e s fro m S a m a r k a n d t o H i s ar— his

K han K a ka r D e s c r ipti o n a n d c a pt u re o f P a rhala— B ab u r

S hah B e g s c a pt u re o f K ahan B ab u r s b o y s c a rri e d o u t in

pl a c e fo r c o r n K ab u l r ive r fo rd e d a t B ara littl e c o r n fo u n d

K hiz r-kh a il A fg han s p u n i s he d — B ab u r ﬁ rs t w rit e s s i n c e

a ffa i rs D a u l a t K han L zZa z , I b rahi m L zZa z a n d B ab u r

e xp e d iti o n i n t o H iil d ﬁ s t an d i ffe rs fr o m e a r l i e r o n e s by it s

N e w s t ha t A la rn K han ha d le t I b rahi m i a z d e fe a t him

fro m t he s in o f wi n e — v e rs e s a b o u t his t he n p o s iti o n

fro m M u lt an , s e n t K hw D o s t -i-k haw a n d t o K ab u l o n fa m ily

K hu ras an B ab u r p re p a re s t o vi s it G u ali ar bid s fa re w e l l

t ra n s l a t e s A h rari s cil z d zj/y a k-r z s zi/a a c c o u n t o f t he t a s k

o f r a pid t ra v e l F u rt he r p a rti c u l a rs o f t he B a ttl e o f J am

L aho r — w re s t l i n g w a t c he d s e d iti o n o f R a hi m -dad in

c e e d in g s in B a d a kh s h an H a id a r D ﬁg kldt s n a rra t ive o f

wit h i t o f s u ppl e m e n t a ry m a t t e r w ha t m a y b e o f s e rvi c e t o t ho s e

K h a n -z a d a his ﬁ v e -y e a rs e ld e r S i s t e r who fro m h is bi rt h t o his d e a t h

t he s a i n tly A h ra r i K hw a j a U b a id u l-la h) who w e re fre q u e n t ly ‘ ’

t he fa m ily s t o c k o f T im u riy a i n ﬂ u e n c e H e l ive d t o b e s o m e 74 y e a rs .

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I t m ee t s t h e n e e d o f an a r c h e typ e o n e m a rgi n a lly a n n o t a t e d b y ,

()1 w i t h B a u r s a ut o gra ph MS t o c l e a r o u t e xtr a B a b u r m a t t e r .

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pr ese rvi n g a ut o b i ogr a phi c qu a li t y in it s d i c ti on .

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i t a pp e a r s t o m e l ik e ly th a t t h ey i n dir e c t l y w e r e u s e ful t o him b y

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b e en e ffe c t e d I thi n k in t h e F a rgh an a sec t i o n o f t he B ukh a r a

wi th o ut e ffe c ti n g a n y u s e ful r e s ul t I t is thi s — In his o wn a ut o .

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e x c e p t f o ur p o r ti o n s whi c h w e r e in his o w n a n d e a c h o f whi c h h e

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L an glés h a z a rd e d thi s a sse r t i o n w h i c h is c e rt a i nl y i n c o rr e c t ,