Acids, Bas4s And dalha

ubstancesanaund. ubirls mainly du.dd

into thxue catagaries
a Acids b-Bases

The indicotars aa d o identiy tu

aciditu n baaisib Dwe stu 30m ubslany
whose adaun changes in aridic and basu
mudia. his is called £ackwy Indicatu
The alain change itheo indicatats ar
as allows

unical Indicaturs Hidl Base

Natg Orangt Rad

2) Chenolphthalin Lalaurlass Cink

3 utmus papn Blua to ud Kad to bluo
4 Unisal tyona ugR
Acid acid nDa- Naak ton
JndicntaM Joae
Jae
RadYallawOar82-7an Jight blut
da J u i
Acids
Bruspaxnkis Acid
Ads have Aow taste
Acids tuoin. blue itmus to. sud.
Acidi salution canducts slecdoiuty.
Acida uact with metals to am Jydhagen qas.
Auds +tals Matalli Salt +Hgelaogn
Basie as
HC (a Zns) Znlz (a)
Acids uaut uith matal carbonates and metal ky-
dragen ahanatas to aum calaon diosida gas

Acida+Matal Solt +(0,+ HO

Caubonaas

Caample
2.Hda)t Naz CO3 (a4)2atl+o tHaO
tH0
Ca
Aids Auids +Matal Radogp a l t t CO, t HO

Caysonate Cbi)

H + NaHC0 Nacl + CO 4 H0
 dids art with basas (alkaline) o lam
3alt and waton.

dids+ Baso Sat+ Wato

tcampla
H+ TNa0H Nalt H20.
C) Ca)
This is callud Nautbadization Reackion.

cids surt uith mutal waidss o aun

AaltAnd atun.
Aida+Metal Oxidas akt +oten
Ecaumpla.
HCA+ CuO
(BAak) CBuish
aan)

Bases
Bropvds obase
Bases haa bitten taste
Bases tuvn ud ibmus into
Bu
Baacs an 30apu to toudh
Basa Hduuct ariucky dn
3alution,
 Boes Juart with
30ma mtals o Jarm hudrsaan

Baaa +Nadals l t 4H
NaOH4 Zn NaZn0 4 H
Sodium Zincate
(Salt)

Bases Hnt with aids Jo Joum 2alt and watn

Baaa+Atid Salt+ Watan
Cocaunpla
KOH HC K
Caa, Ca Ca H,D
Potasaium Pakassiun
Haydrorida hlude

Baus untt with nan matallie cidas to Harum.

salt and waten
Bast
tNon-matallic alt * Wntan
Oridas

The Scal w measusing Judoogen iah concentratjon

in solution is
a
calAadpH Bcale

N inpH atonds lan ateng which means potenkial

tands a
e i n Jin geektom and H
 Hudoragun lon Concontsation.

n 3thu pH 3cale, , tu value men3urad i

a n r (s atidic) to 14 Cy alkalin)

pH hutral 3olution is .

Higher ha Judraniun ian cantedration

HCqJsuset is tha pH valu
0)

pH 1

Aidic notuu invuasg NutnallBosic natura invuasir

OH
Incuase in Hiom Dacuas&2 n H' ion
Concerination Concantnatior

Vauatton opH with thange in Cancatratn

HCa4,)and 0 Cac) ions
56 7 8 9 10 2.13

astiC Bu wotLe, Milk 3cdiw

Hudroi d l .
emon u
Cabat Gabeut
blood mapnesj4
jute L) pH
1
30 oumon substantos
Sulhon
3 h a w n Ca
@ ub
no u t

n 4
PH

pH papnX
 trungth a did and Base in a salution -

naxid is a substance which disapcintus (0n

jeniges) on dissalving in aatn, to pn.duse
H 1ons

Hudragen ies do nat eocist as H ians jn the

Aoutlon Jbut thy attach wate maluculas to
Jasum Pydnahium Ion.

H H0 >HO CHudranum Ton)

Ho Hc
Note he aqueaus 3aludien wlurae and alcahal
CeA and Cct,0H) ,dcs mt sho asidic
charartn buause thuin hydragon ds hak seperurte
ut as H ions en dissalving in.uato, hereloe
a hoatidy cantain. Jrydragen ians Jout all the
dusaon'sontaining ompawds Aant ads.

n g dcida- An aid which jscampleta

n i e in waten 'and Junca it podura a lage
Onsunk a Jydaagen Jans is calld stang aud

Eanmpl
HCHCLo Ha+d n)
) Weak acids: edn aud Lohich s patially
Juniged in waten d Jonce t praduas
iens in the
mall amaunt shydbuagen
salution is called deak acid
Ecampla
CHCCOH CHCOa)+con
Aceic acid Aekale ions

Stne bas d Jbase which is completaly

p
donigod n uater and honte poduces a
Jangamaurt Judroide ions CoH)
in the soukicn Callad stnog base
Egample"
Na OH Nat OH
Caq) (44 Cay)

d eak baau. A base ohich Js padia lly

janu4
in waten and honta d puaduu
,0
a sinmal
Amount uupouoxide iens CoH) in tha Solut
is collad a k basu.
Erampla
NHOca NH
NHA OA (aa)
Ca
Aumanioum
Hydborsido
Impaxtana p i n wyday k-
Oun body orRs oithin ha pH Una . 0 to 7.3
uuing ganismb Can &uowive only in a nawou
Suang pH uange

iy when pH r a i n wat is loss than 5.6, t i

calld Arid Rain. hon acid nain ws into the
suvans, i t lausa hu pH oha rive waten. Tha
uwiva d auatic in &uch iuns berame
diilt.
DD

Londts wnuira a apeiic pH sangaa thuin

haalthy sth.

Duwingdndigstion the stamach pradues too much

Acid and his causas pain and iitaian. To
get id o
this pain, poaple use bases Lalled
Artarioa Jko bnking soda

Toathdecay stas whari tho pH thea mouth

i s than 5.5 The hust t puant
his is to lan tha m.auth a t Aating , sJoad
od

Jaina batpastes, uohich aa gnally basts,

Jan lopring tha teth can hutali u
QOCOA Acid and paxant tooth dca
vi Bea- sting leanesan aid which ,tauses
pun and iuutatian. Jsa a mild basa ike
bakinqsoda an ha atung aas
gub
suli LMethanoic Audd
 Sals

ened pam An acid

esalt
8adt is ACompound

hahudsagenin the acid

b the Juplatumunt o
a a mutal

7 2alts aa alko awmad when aiols suat wlfh

Joo308
 haactoriatics o Sls
Salta au mastly salid
Th haa hËgh melting points and koiliog point
blts an uuallu saluble in waton
Just ike acids and baaes, 3alutians o alt
un wat canduet alerticit
Lalts au ionic tampounda hich cansist petval

charged ians Ccations) and negatlvey chaged tbru

Candana).

&amplas a salks-.
S.No ama Salts Faumula Peud and Base

HSOu KoH
iRtasaiun Aulphata K,SOy
2Lalinn ulphotal C$0 HS04/CaCoHD,
2oddura (hlasida NaC HCLNa0H
1Aurniniun Cklaxida ALC HCL/ALCoH)3
5Sedturn NitnateNNOg HNO3NaoH
G dium arbanate NaCO H, cos /NaOH

p H oalt Solution

3tong Atid+ song Bao Naudnal &alt

HCO +/uoH1 Nat t HO
>8trang acid + ueak base AudiAidic slt
H NHy
NHOH NHCA 4+H,O
sang base t weak acid Baaic alt
NaOH + HCO3 Na,CO +Co+ H,0
weak baae t aak acid> Noutral Salt
NHOH +CHCO0H NH (CHCOo) +RO

hough the dquoaus alutiona neubnal

Man
Man salts pe8duted a n a nautna-EpH= )

p H o salt selutian

Thou a aquaus saluian mar

qa hatnal CpH u t i sama 3alt-phaduced
AA in audic i nin baaic innauad

Solt and dts aumakioniuu

uman alt

hujcal NasnabSodium Chlaride

hamical Fowrula1Nal: adi

Bapaatian
HC ca a0H, NaC t H0
 Somman salt ia abtaiud m s00 watn bu

a puatess a NApatatian

Tt alo ottainaud as wdeugnund dapaits

which at calledFask s0llts.

Eisused asSa motaial o maRing a

Jange numban o ueul ehamicalb in ba indus-
i s such as NaoH Ccasic da), Na2 Co
oashing soda), NoHCO3 Cbakina Soda), ete.
sed ndnoking ed andit improves tha
a a u ood. ai

t i uquisasby aun bdy an dhe uworking

nwoub s t u n and noueomant amusles.

i a used as preserwatiues.
Tt eds in theimanuarkuing a30ap.
t i s uaed to mdt ice which Ja callactd an t
Saad duingeoctena wirten in Cald countrui
 2. Saustic oda
onical Nama Sodium Hdruaoida
Fanumula NaOH

Bupauation alacic
NaCl (a,)
NacA can) H,o Cuevunt NaOH + H, tCl
Caa
une
Saluton
OH

NaOH Japrodurad by tho elutalysis o a

cantentrated agaus salutian NaCl Callad
as ina Salutlon.i

DuninA slatralusis hlaine gaais pradured at

tho positdve ltrada Canoda) and hudruagon gas
prmluced attha.negatiuelactrmde ccathoda).

3/

Shlan-A0kali Baus a pracs o lacdra-

Jugeis Nacd salutisns callud lan
kadi barss. Tt becose ohe r s t
pradut am i. hlan alarina
and alni NaoH
 i s uAad a makingoaps and ddogut

papt and ailidal dantl

'anackuing

7 s iuadan; dergtqasing ake maal,

Kinina and makingaldesti 20

d jnstennlising ,uudaigking Coatn

upply and in swtmming Pols
poals

t usud an th paduchan olaaching

pausn and kaning HU,

t j a used in making arimaria(NH), Jan

eiligors.
es

higid udsaqn s Used as nckks.

3 Baking Soda

hamical Nama Zedium Hudrsaun nvbonata

Farumula NaHCo
Bupanadtian'.

NaC 4 NHa + Co tH,0 aHCO +NH,

Bakin mmanium
Soda Chlarid

t Jis antagid &umoR

an
aridi
astomach.

tia d inmakingbaking pouxdun which is

An inaudiont in a
Jarmatian acaks,
Jaradst

e d in io-Aoctinguishot.
Washir Sda
-

hamical Noma. dodium asbanat

funuda Na,co 16H,O lecadydaata
Bepaaction
Stup
NaCU AA o,t k,0 NaHcoa +NH4CA
 Lp 2 A
NaHCO 7
No,Co, + CO2 4H,0

NoCo+ 1oH,0 Na,CO lo H,O

Ja.

7Tt a JAd a o
cloanslng agud, Jar
damestic pLpa.ska hung clethes, a
utansis o daApauodas

t is used Ja uoving permanant hardn

oator.

LL

5 Bleaching Poudlan

Fasunula
Chamical Nama- Ca0 Cl
Chamical Name Salcium Aoxy larida
Brapanasan
CaCoH +C CaOCA_tHO
Jas-
Tt a usad or bloaching Lotton, inen in
tonhile dndustsie and a eachind od pu
wnd palp
 isinting drinking nte
Uaed in aking chlrakaum. CCHd
Making woo Jrb unahriakable
Onidising ngl in many dhemical industries

PoP Cllasten oPavris)

humical Name Laliun sulphate Hemi Aydrate

Fornula- CaSOy40
Bepanatian
CaSOy.2H,010o Ca SOy4,0 +1 40
(3+3 K) CPoP

Nete: Th temperntue during the huating

paum shauld nat be allwed to go" aboue
1o0C Jbecause the uaten ol wystallisatiangets
Lompltuly Naparatud and am anhydraus
CCaSo) which is called dead buuntplaste
ich is no us

7 t s used in haspitals eo aatting uakunad

wwounds.
i used an making toys, decarative matau'als
Lasmats, cast en statuas , ett
7
hausa, meathning Jbelane and on aaking diount
dosiqna.