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Park and Clark Transformations Park and Clark Transformations: A Short

Review

Presentation · April 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20287.46241

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Park and Clark Transformations

Park and Clark Transformations: A Short Review

Ali Abdul Razzaq Altahir

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dept., University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq

ali.altahir@uokerbala.edu.iq

The Clarke and Park transformations are essential for implementing vector control
methods. Basically, Clarke transformation converts the (𝑎𝑏𝑐) stationary quantities to the (𝛼 −
𝛽) quantities. Whilst Park transformation converts the (𝛼 − 𝛽) quantities to the (𝑑 − 𝑞)
rotating quantities [1].

1. Clarke transformation
To simplify the modelling of the field-oriented control drive system, it is common practice
to transform system state variables from the three-phase system (𝑎𝑏𝑐) to an orthogonal (𝛼 −
𝛽) representation or (𝑑 − 𝑞) rotating reference frame with a direct (𝑑) and quadrature (𝑞) axis,
where the resultant 𝑓 denotes either the stator voltage, current or magnetic flux linkage and 𝜃𝑟
is the rotor position angle of the rotating (𝑑 − 𝑞) reference frame [1].
−1 −1 𝑓𝑎
𝑓𝛼 2
1
2 2
[𝑓 ] ≜ [ ] [𝑓 𝑏] (1)
𝛽 3 √3 √3
0 2
− 2 𝑓𝑐

𝑓𝑎
𝑓𝛼
[𝑓 ] = [𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥] [𝑓𝑏 ]
𝛽
𝑓𝑐
−1 −1
2
1 2 2
where, [𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥] ≜ [ ]
3 √3 √3
0 2
−2

It is evident from Figure 1, the resultant physical quantity from (𝛼 − 𝛽) representation is:

𝑓 = √𝑓𝛼2 + 𝑓𝛽2 (2)

1
Park and Clark Transformations

2. Park transformation

The Park transformation has been widely used in the analysis of synchronous and
induction machines. The novelty of Park's work involves his ability to transform any related
machine's equation set from time-varying coefficients to another with time-invariant
coefficients [2].
𝑓𝛼 cos (𝜃𝑟 ) − sin (𝜃𝑟 ) 𝑓𝑑
[𝑓 ] ≜ [ ][ ] (3)
𝛽 sin (𝜃𝑟 ) cos (𝜃𝑟 ) 𝑓𝑞
𝑓𝛼 𝑓𝑑
[𝑓 ] = [𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥] [ 𝑓 ]
𝛽 𝑞

cos (𝜃𝑟 ) − sin (𝜃𝑟 )

where, [𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥] ≜ [ ]
sin (𝜃𝑟 ) cos (𝜃𝑟 )

From equation 1 and 3, one has [3]:

2𝜋 4𝜋
𝑓𝑑 2
cos(𝜃𝑟 ) cos (𝜃𝑟 − 3
) cos ( 𝜃𝑟 − 3
) 𝑓𝑎
[ ]= [ ] [𝑓𝑏 ] (4)
𝑓𝑞 3
− sin(𝜃𝑟 )
2𝜋
− sin (𝜃𝑟 − 3 )
4𝜋
− sin (𝜃𝑟 − 3 ) 𝑓𝑐

2𝜋 4𝜋
2
cos(𝜃𝑟 ) cos (𝜃𝑟 − 3
) cos ( 𝜃𝑟 − 3
)
with, 3
[ 2𝜋 4𝜋
] = [𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥][𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥]
− sin(𝜃𝑟 ) − sin (𝜃𝑟 − ) − sin (𝜃𝑟 − )
3 3

It is evident from Figure 1 that the resultant physical quantity from (𝑑 − 𝑞) representation is:

𝑓 = √𝑓𝑑2 + 𝑓𝑞2 (5)

The two phases (𝛼, 𝛽) frame representation calculated with the Clarke transform is then fed to
a vector rotation block where it is rotated over an angle 𝜃𝑟 to follow the (𝑑, 𝑞) reference
frame attached to the rotor quantity. The rotation over an angle 𝜃𝑟 is done according to the
above formulas. Figure 1 shows the combined vector representation for three-phase systems
[4].

2
 Park and Clark Transformations

𝑓𝑞
𝑓𝑏
𝑓𝛽 𝑓
𝜔𝑟
𝑓𝑑

𝜃𝑟
𝑓𝑎 , 𝑓𝛼
120

120

𝑓𝑐

Figure 1: Combined stationary and rotating frames for three - phase system

References:

[1] Chattopadhyay, S., Mitra, M., Sengupta, S. (2010). Electric power quality, Ch12.
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London, ISBN 978- 94 -007-0634 -7.
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_control_(motor)
[3] Krause, P., O. Wasynczuk, S. D. Sudhoff, and S. Pekarek. Analysis of Electric Machinery
and Drive Systems. Piscataway, NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2013.
[4] https://www.microsemi.com/document-portal/doc_view/132799-park-inverse-park-and-clarke-
inverse-clarke-transformations-mss-software-implementation-user-guide

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