RABIES 3.

Larygneal Spasms

4. convulsions

I. Definition 5. delirium

Is a viral disease that cause acute After a symptom-free incubation period that
encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in ranges from 10 days to a year or longer (the
warm-blooded average is 30 to 50 days)

1. Malaise
2. Loss of appetite
II.Etiology 3. Fatigue
Lyssa virus. Genus name of Rhabdoviridae 4. Headache
5. Fever

Two to 10 days later, signs of nervous

III.Mode of Transmission system damage appear.

 Travels to the brain by following the 1. Hyperactivity and hypersensitivity

peripheral nerves 2. Disorientation
 Animal bite 3. Hallucination
4. Seizures
5. Paralysis
IV.Incubation Period 6. Difficulty of breathing

1. The incubation period of the disease VI. Pathognomonic Sign

is usually a few months in humans,
depending on the distance the virus
must travel to reach the central
nervous system.
2. Once the rabies virus reaches the
central nervous system and
symptoms begin to show, the
infection is effectively untreatable
and usually fatal within days.
V.Signs and Symptoms
1. fever
2. Insomia
Hydrophobia, a morbid fear of water
VII.Diagnostic Test
1. Treatment after exposure, known as
post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), is
highly successful in preventing the
disease if administered promptly,
generally within ten days of
infection.[1] Thoroughly washing the
wound as soon as possible with soap
and water for approximately five
minutes is very effective at reducing
the number of viral particles. “If
available, a virucidal antiseptic such
as povidone-iodine, iodine tincture,
 aqueous iodine solution, or alcohol
(ethanol) should be applied after
washing. Exposed mucous
membranes such as eyes, nose or
mouth should be flushed well with
water
2. Some recent work has shown that
during lethal rabies infection, the
blood-brain barrier (BBB) does not
allow anti-viral immune cells to
enter the brain, the primary site of
rabies virus replication.[25] This
aspect contributes to the
pathogenicity of the virus and
artificially increasing BBB
permeability promotes viral
clearance.[26] Opening the BBB
during rabies infection has been
suggested as a possible novel
approach to treating the disease, even
though no attempts have yet been
made to determine whether or not
this treatment could be successful.
VII.Drug of Choice
The Imovax® Rabies Vaccine, The virus is
harvested from infected human diploid cells,
MRC-5 strain, concentrated by ultrafiltration
and is inactivated by beta-propiolactone.
One dose of reconstituted vaccine contains
less than 100 mg albumin, less than 150 μg
neomycin sulfate and 20 μg of phenol red
indicator. This vaccine must only be used
intramuscularly and as a single dose vial.
VIII.Immunization
Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV)
Purified chick embryo cell vaccine
(PCECV)
IX. Prevention and Control
1. Vero cell rabies vaccine
2. A recombinant vaccine called V-RG has
been successfully used in Belgium, France,
Germany, and the disease if administered
promptly, generally within ten years of
infection.
X.Nursing Management
1. Treatment after exposure, known as
post- exposure prophylaxis (PEP), is
highly successful in preventing the
disease of administered promptly,
generally within then days of
infection
2. No matter where the wound
authorities emphasize that the first
and most valuable preventive
measure is through cleaning of the
site with soap and water
3. If rabies vaccine treatment is called
for, it should be started as soon as
possible after exposure. Counting the
first day of vaccine treatment as day
0 on days 0, 3, 7, 14
4. The first dose of rabies vaccine is
given as soon as possible after
exposure, with additional doses on
days three, seven and fourteen after
the first
5. Patients who have previously
received pre-exposure vaccination do
not receive the immunoglobulin,
only the post-exposure vaccinations
on day 0 and 2
XI. Possible Nursing Diagnosis

1. High risk for infection transmission

2. Knowledge deficit
3. Altered body temperature related to
presence of infection
4. Dehydration related to refusal to take
liquids secondary to throat spasms
and fear of spasmodic attacks

SUBMITTED BY

JESSANT J. DEBLOIS
BSN3G

SUBMITTED TO
MR. ARMANDO DELOS
SANTOS, RN, MAN