BAB 6

PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR

6.1 Balok

6.1.1 Data Perencanaan (Balok Induk Arah X)

Mutu beton = 25 Mpa

Mutu Bj. Tul Ø ≤ 12 (fy) = 240 Mpa
Mutu Bj. Tul Ø ˃ 12 (fy) = 390 Mpa
Dimensi Balok = 250 x 375 mm
Diameter tulangan (D) = 19 mm
Diameter sengkang (Ø) = 10
Tebal selimut beton (ts) = 40 mm
ds = 40 + 10 + (16/2)
= 58
d = 317 mm
β1 = 0,85
f'c 600
ρb (balance) = β1 × 0,85 × ×
fy (600+fy)
= 0,0281
0,5 x 0,75 x ρb x fy
Rmax = 0,75 x ρb x fy x [1- ]
0,85 x f'c
= 6,6242
6.1.1.1 Perencanaan Tulangan Lentur Tumpuan
 Gambar 6.1 Nilai Momen pada Balok Induk Arah X (375 x 250 mm)

Data yang didapat dari analisis ETABS adalah :

Mu- = 56,9299 kNm

Mu+ = ½ x Mu- = 56,9299 kNm / 2 = 28,465 kNm

1. Penulangan Tunggal atau Ganda

600
Cb = xd
600 + fy

600
= x 315,5 = 191,212 mm
600 + 390

Cbmax = 0,75 x Cb

= 0,75 x 191,212 = 143,409

Abmax = β1 x Co

= 0,85 x 143,409 = 121,897

Co = 0,85 x Ao x b x f’c

= 0,85 x 121,897 x 250 x 25 = 647577,8125 N

 Ao
Mno = Co x (d - )
2

121,897
= 647577,8125 x (315,5 - )
2

= 164841903,538 Nmm = 164,842 kNm

Mro = Ø x Mno

= 0,85 x 164,842 = 140,1157 kNm

140,1157 kNm > 56,9299 kNm (Hanya Tulangan Tunggal)

2. Penulangan Momen Negatif

Momen negatif = 56,9299 kNm

Mn Rencana = Mn / Ø

= 56,9299 / 0,85 = 66,976 kNm

f'c 600
ρb (balance) = β1 × 0,85 × ×
fy (600+fy)
= 0,0281
0,5 x 0,75 x ρb x fy
Rmax = 0,75 x ρb x fy x [1- ]
0,85 x f'c
= 6,6242
6
Mn x 10
Rn =
b x d2
66,976 x 106
=
250 x 3172
= 2,666 < Rmax (OK)
Jumlah tulangan dalam satu baris :

b-2ds
ns =
25+D

250 - ( 2 ×59,5 )
= 25+16
 = 3,27 ≈ 4 buah

Jarak horizontal pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

b - ( ns × D) - ( 2× ds )
x =
ns - 1

250 - ( 4 × 16 ) - ( 2 ×59,5 )
=4 - 1

= 23,33 mm

Jarak vertikal pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

y = D + 25

= 16 + 25

= 41 mm

0,85 x f'c 1-2Rn

ρ perlu =
fy
x [1-
√0,85xfc
= 0,00733

ρ min =
√f'c
4×fy
√25
=
4×390
= 0,00321
1,4
ρ min =
fy
1,4
= 390

= 0,00359
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan :
ρ = 0,00733
As perlu =ρxbxd
= 0,00733 x 250 x 317
 = 581 mm2
1,4
As min = xbxd
fy
1,4
= x 250 x 317
390
= 284,487 mm2
As perlu
Jumlah tulangan (n) = π
× D2
4
581
=π
×16 2
4
= 2,889 ≈ 3 buah
Digunakan tulangan = 3 D16
π
As pakai =n× × D2
4
= 603 mm2
Jumlah baris tulangan =3/4
= 0,75 ≈ 1 baris

Bari Juml.
Jumlah Jarak
s Jarak
ke ni yi ni * yi
1 3 ts + Ø + (D/2) 58 174
n= 3 Ʃ 174
Titik berat tulangan (d’) = 174 / 3
= 58 mm
Tinggi efektif balok (d) = h – d’
= 375 – 58
= 317 mm

3. Penulangan Momen Positif

Momen Positif = 28,465 kNm

Mn Rencana = Mn / Ø

= 28,465 / 0,85 = 33,488 kNm

f'c 600
ρb (balance) = β1 × 0,85 × ×
fy (600+fy)
= 0,0281
0,5 x 0,75 x ρb x fy
Rmax = 0,75 x ρb x fy x [1- ]
0,85 x f'c
= 6,6242
Mn x 106
Rn =
b x d2
33,488 x 10 6
=
250 x 3172
= 1,333 < Rmax (OK)
Jumlah tulangan dalam satu baris :

b-2ds
ns =
25+D

250 - ( 2 ×58 )
= 25+16

= 3,27 ≈ 4 buah

Jarak horizontal pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

b - ( ns × D) - ( 2× ds )
x =
ns - 1

250 - ( 4 × 19 ) - ( 2× 58 )
=4 - 1

= 23,33 mm

Jarak vertikal pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

y = D + 25
 = 16 + 25

= 41 mm

0,85 x f'c 1-2Rn

ρ perlu =
fy √
x [1-
0,85xfc
= 0,00353

ρ min =
√f'c
4×fy
√25
=
4×390
= 0,00321
1,4
ρ min =
fy
1,4
= 390

= 0,00359
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan :
ρ = 0,00359
As perlu =ρxbxd
= 0,00359 x 250 x 317
= 284 mm2
1,4
As min = xbxd
fy
1,4
= x 250 x 317
390
= 284,487 mm2
As perlu
Jumlah tulangan (n) = π
× D2
4
284
=π
×16 2
4
= 1,415 ≈ 2 buah
 Digunakan tulangan = 2 D16
π
As pakai =n× × D2
4
= 402 mm2
Jumlah baris tulangan =2/4
= 0,5 ≈ 1 baris

Bari Juml.
Jumlah Jarak
s Jarak
ke ni yi ni * yi
1 2 ts + Ø + (D/2) 58 116
n= 2 Ʃ 116
Titik berat tulangan (d’) = 116 / 2
= 58 mm
Tinggi efektif balok (d) = h – d’
= 375 – 58
= 317 mm

6.1.1.2 Kontrol Kapasitas Tulangan Tumpuan

1. Kontrol Kapasitas Tulangan (Mr +)

Diketahui :

As1 = 603 mm2

As2 = 402 mm2

Asumsi bahwa semua tulangan leleh

Cc = Ts = 0,85 x f’c x a x b = As x fy

( As1-As2) × fy
a =
0,85 × fc × b

( 603-402)× 390
= 0,85 × 25× 250

= 14,76031
 a
c =
β1
14,76031
= 0,85

= 17,36507 mm
Cc = 0,85 x f’c x a x b

= 0,85 x 25 x 14,76031 x 250

= 78414,5 N

fy
Ɛy =
Es
390
= 200000

= 0,00195
d-c
Ɛs (tarik) = × Ɛc
c
317 - 17,36507
= 17,36507 × 0,003

= 0,051765 > Ɛy (Leleh)

d s -c
Ɛs (tekan) = × Ɛc
c
58 - 17,36507
= 17,36507 × 0,003

= 0,00702 > Ɛy (Leleh)

Asumsi tulangan sudah leleh benar

F’s = fy = 390

Cc = 0,85 x f’c x a x b

= 0,85 x 25 x 14,76031 x 250

= 78414,5 N
 Cs = As2 x f’s

= 402 x 390

= 156780 N

Nilai momen nominal (Mn), momen rencana (Mr+)

Mn = [Cc x (d-a/2)] + [Cs x (d-ds)]

= [78414,5 x (317 - 14,76031/2)] + [156780 (317 – 58)]

= 64897108,81 Nmm

Mr = 64,897 kNm

Mu = 28,465 kNm

Mr > Mu

64,897 kNm > 28,465 kNm (OK)

Maka tulangan yang digunakan 2 D16

2. Kontrol Kapasitas Tulangan (Mr -)

Data perancangan

As1 = 603 mm2

As2 = 402 mm2

Asumsi bahwa tulangan Tarik sudah leleh dan tulangan tekan belum leleh

Cc + Cs = Ts

(0,85 x f’c x β1 x c x b) + (As2 x f’s) – (As x fy) =0

(0,85 x f’c x β1 x c x b) + (As2 x ((ds-c)/c x 0,003 x Es) – (As x fy) =0

(0,85xf’cxβ1xcxb) + (As2 x ((ds-c)/c x 600) – (As2 x 600 x (ds/c))– (As x fy) = 0

(0,85 x f’c x β1 x c2 x b) + (600xAs2 – As1 x fy)c – (600 x As2 x ds) =0

4515,625c2 + 6030c – 13989600 =0

Dengan rumus A,B,C nilai c dapat dicari

-b± √ b2 -4ac
C1,2 =
2a

Diperolah :

C1 = -56,33175

C2 = 54,99639 (Nilai c yg diambil)

a = β1 x c

= 0,85 x 54,99639

= 46,747

Pemeriksaan regangan yg terjadi :

fy
Ɛy =
Es
390
= 200000

= 0,00195
d-c
Ɛs (tarik) = × Ɛc
c
317 - 54,99639
= 54,99639 × 0,003

= 0,01429 > Ɛy (Leleh)

d s -c
Ɛs (tekan) = × Ɛc
c
58 - 54,99639
= 54,99639 × 0,003

= 0,000164 < Ɛy (Belum leleh)

Maka asumsi nilai kedua bahwa tulangan tekan belum leleh adalah benar

Fs’ = Ɛs (tekan) x Es
 = 0,000164 x 200000

= 32,8 MPa

Cc = 0,85 x f’c x a x b

= 0,85 x 25 x 46,747 x 250

= 248343,4375 N

Cs = As1 x fs’

= 603 x 32,8

= 19778,4 N

Nilai momen nominal (Mn), momen rencana (Mr) tampak balok adalah

Mn = [Cc x (d-a/2)] + [Cs x (d-ds)]

= [248343,4375 x (317 – 46,747/2)] + [19778,4 x (317 – 58)

= 78042819,951 Nmm

= 78,043 kNm

Mr = 0,85 x 78,043

= 66,337 kNm

Mr > Mu

66,337 kNm > 56,9299 kNm (OK)

Maka tulangan yang digunakan = 3 D16

3. Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapat hasil sebagai berikut :

6.1.1.3 Perencanaan Tulangan Lentur Lapangan

Data yang didapat dari analisis ETABS adalah :

Mu+ = 30,3544 kNm

Mu- = 1/2 x Mu- = 1/2 x 30,3544 = 15,177 kNm

1. Penulangan Tunggal atau Ganda

600
Cb = xd
600 + fy

600
= x 315,5 = 191,212 mm
600 + 390

Cbmax = 0,75 x Cb

= 0,75 x 191,212 = 143,409

Abmax = β1 x Co

= 0,85 x 143,409 = 121,897

Co = 0,85 x Ao x B x f’c

= 0,85 x 121,897 x 250 x 25 = 647577,8125 N

Ao
Mno = Co x (d - )
2
 121,897
= 647577,8125 x (315,5 - )
2

= 164841903,538 Nmm = 164,842 kNm

Mro = Ø x Mno

= 0,85 x 164,842 = 140,1157 kNm

140,1157 kNm > 30,3544 kNm (Hanya Tulangan Tunggal)

2. Penulangan Momen Negatif

Momen negatif = 15,177 kNm

Mn Rencana = Mn / Ø

= 15,177 / 0,85 = 17,856 kNm

f'c 600
ρb (balance) = β1 × 0,85 × ×
fy (600+fy)
= 0,0281
0,5 x 0,75 x ρb x fy
Rmax = 0,75 x ρb x fy x [1- ]
0,85 x f'c
= 6,6242
Mn x 106
Rn =
b x d2
17,856 x 10 6
=
250 x 3172
= 0,7107 < Rmax (OK)
Jumlah tulangan dalam satu baris :

b-2ds
ns =
25+D

250 - ( 2 ×58 )
= 25+16

= 3,27 ≈ 4 buah
Jarak horizontal pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

b - ( ns × D) - ( 2× ds )
x =
ns - 1

250 - ( 6 × 16 ) - ( 2 × 58 )
=4 - 1

= 23,33 mm

Jarak vertikal pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

y = D + 25

= 16 + 25

= 41 mm

0,85 x f'c 1-2Rn

ρ perlu =
fy
x [1-
√0,85xfc
= 0,00185

ρ min =
√f'c
4×fy
√25
=
4×390
= 0,00321
1,4
ρ min =
fy
1,4
= 390

= 0,00359
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan :
ρ = 0,00359 (Nilai terbesar)
As perlu =ρxbxd
= 0,00359 x 250 x 317
= 284 mm2
 1,4
As min = xbxd
fy
1,4
= x 250 x 317
390
= 284,487 mm2
As perlu
Jumlah tulangan (n) = π
× D2
4
284
=π
×16 2
4
= 1,415 ≈ 2 buah
Digunakan tulangan = 2 D16
π
As pakai =n× × D2
4
= 402 mm2
Jumlah baris tulangan =2/4
= 0,5 ≈ 1 baris

Bari Juml.
Jumlah Jarak
s Jarak
ke ni yi ni * yi
1 2 ts + Ø + (D/2) 58 116
n= 2 Ʃ 116
Titik berat tulangan (d’) = 116 / 2
= 58 mm
Tinggi efektif balok (d) = h – d’
= 375 – 58
= 317 mm

3. Penulangan Momen Positif

Momen positif = 30,354 kNm

Mn Rencana = Mn / Ø
 = 30,354 / 0,85 = 35,711 kNm

f'c 600
ρb (balance) = β1 × 0,85 × ×
fy (600+fy)
= 0,0281
0,5 x 0,75 x ρb x fy
Rmax = 0,75 x ρb x fy x [1- ]
0,85 x f'c
= 6,6242
Mn x 106
Rn =
b x d2
35,711 x 106
=
250 x 3172
= 1,4215 < Rmax (OK)
Jumlah tulangan dalam satu baris :

b-2ds
ns =
25+D

250 - ( 2 ×58 )
= 25+16

= 3,27 ≈ 4 buah

Jarak horizontal pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

b - ( ns × D) - ( 2× ds )
x =
ns - 1

250 - ( 6 × 16 ) - ( 2 × 58 )
=4 - 1

= 23,33 mm

Jarak vertical pusat ke pusat antar tulangan :

y = D + 25

= 16 + 25
 = 41 mm

0,85 x f'c 1-2Rn

ρ perlu =
fy √
x [1-
0,85xfc
= 0,00378

ρ min =
√f'c
4×fy
√25
=
4×390
= 0,00321
1,4
ρ min =
fy
1,4
= 390

= 0,00359
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan :
ρ = 0,00378 (Nilai terbesar)
As perlu =ρxbxd
= 0,00378 x 250 x 317
= 299 mm2
1,4
As min = xbxd
fy
1,4
= x 250 x 317
390
= 284,487 mm2
As perlu
Jumlah tulangan (n) = π
× D2
4
299
=π
×16 2
4
= 1,488 ≈ 2 buah
Digunakan tulangan = 2 D16
 π
As pakai =n× × D2
4
= 402 mm2
Jumlah baris tulangan =2/5
= 0,5 = 1 baris

Bari Juml.
Jumlah Jarak
s Jarak
ke ni yi ni * yi
1 2 ts + Ø + (D/2) 58 116
n= 2 Ʃ 116
Titik berat tulangan (d’) = 116 / 6
= 58 mm
Tinggi efektif balok (d) = h – d’
= 375 – 58
= 317 mm

6.1.1.4 Kontrol Kapasitas Tulangan Lapangan

1. Kontrol Kapasitas Tulangan (Mr +)

Diketahui :

As1 = 402 mm2

As2 = 402 mm2

Asumsi bahwa semua tulangan leleh

Cc = Ts = 0,85 x f’c x a x b = As x fy

As× fy
a =
0,85 × fc × b

402× 390
= 0,85 × 25× 250

= 29,512
 a
c =
β1
29,512
= 0,85

= 34,72 mm
Cc = 0,85 x f’c x a x b

= 0,85 x 25 x 34,72 x 250

= 184450N

fy
Ɛy =
Es
390
= 200000

= 0,00195
d-c
Ɛs (tarik) = × Ɛc
c
317 - 34,72
= 34,72 × 0,003

= 0,0244 > Ɛy (Leleh)

d s -c
Ɛs (tekan) = × Ɛc
c
58 - 34,72
= 34,72 × 0,003

= 0,00201 > Ɛy (Leleh)

Asumsi tulangan sudah leleh benar

F’s = fy = 390

Cc = 0,85 x f’c x a x b

= 0,85 x 25 x 29,512 x 250

= 156782,5 N
 Cs = As2 x f’s

= 402 x 390

= 156780 N

Nilai momen nominal (Mn), momen rencana (Mr+)

Mn = [Cc x (d-a/2)] + [Cs x (d-ds)]

= [156782,5 x (317 - 29,512/2)] + [156780 (317 – 58)]

= 87992589,93 Nmm

= 87,993 kNm

Mr = 0,85 x 87,993 kNmm

= 74,794 kNm

Mu = 28,465 kNm

Mr > Mu

74,794 kNm > 30,354 kNm (OK)

Maka tulangan yang digunakan 2 D16

2. Kontrol Kapasitas Tulangan (Mr -)

Data perancangan

As1 = 402 mm2

As2 = 402 mm2

Asumsi bahwa tulangan Tarik sudah leleh dan tulangan tekan belum leleh

Cc + Cs = Ts

(0,85 x f’c x β1 x c x b) + (As2 x f’s) – (As x fy) =0

(0,85 x f’c x β1 x c x b) + (As2 x ((ds-c)/c x 0,003 x Es) – (As x fy) =0

(0,85xf’cxβ1xcxb) + (As2 x ((ds-c)/c x 600) – (As2 x 600 x (ds/c))– (As x fy) = 0

(0,85 x f’c x β1 x c2 x b) + (600xAs2 – As1 x fy)c – (600 x As2 x ds) =0

4515,625c2 + 84420c – 13989600 =0

Dengan rumus A,B,C nilai c dapat dicari

-b± √ b2 -4ac
C1,2 =
2a

Diperolah :

C1 = -65,787

C2 = 47,092 (Nilai c yg diambil)

a = β1 x c

= 0,85 x 47,092

= 40,0282

Pemeriksaan regangan yg terjadi :

fy
Ɛy =
Es
390
= 200000

= 0,00195
d-c
Ɛs (tarik) = × Ɛc
c
317 - 47,092
= 47,092 × 0,003

= 0,0172 > Ɛy (Leleh)

d s -c
Ɛs (tekan) = × Ɛc
c
58 - 47,092
= 47,092 × 0,003
 = 0,000695 < Ɛy (Belum leleh)
Maka asumsi nilai kedua bahwa tulangan tekan belum leleh adalah benar

Fs’ = Ɛs (tekan) x Es

= 0,000695 x 200000

= 139 MPa

Cc = 0,85 x f’c x a x b

= 0,85 x 25 x 40,0282 x 250

= 212649,8125 N

Cs = As1 x fs’

= 402 x 139

= 55878 N

Nilai momen nominal (Mn), momen rencana (Mr) tampak balok adalah

Mn = [Cc x (d-a/2)] + [Cs x (d-ds)]

= [212649,8125 x (317 – 40,0282/2)] + [55878 x (317 – 58)

= 77626397,95 Nmm

= 77,626 kNm

Mr = 0,85 x 77,626

= 65,9821 kNm

Mr > Mu

65,9821 kNm > 15,177 kNm (OK)

Maka tulangan yang digunakan 2 D16

6.1.1.5 Tulangan Geser

 Gambar 6.0 Gaya geser

1. Data perhitungan

Vu = 44,8716 kN

Diameter sengkang (Ø) = 10

Sengkang (ns) = 2 kaki
fy = 240 MPa

f’c = 25 MPa

d = 317 mm

2. Mengecek dimensi penampang

Vc = 1/6 x √ f'c x b x d

= 1/6 x √ 25 x 250 x 317

= 66041,67 N

= 66,042 kN

Vc max = 2/3 x √ f'c x b x d

= 2/3 x √ 25 x 250 x 317

 = 264166,67 N

= 264,167 kN

ϕVc = 0,75 x 66,042 kN

= 49,531 Kn

Vu < ϕVc (Hanya diperlukan tulangan geser minimum)

Vs = Vu

= 44,8716

Vs ×1000
Av/s perlu =
fy × d

= 0,589 mm2/mm

π
Av = ns x x D2
4

π
=2x x 102
4

= 157 mm2

S max = d/2

= 317 / 2

= 158,50 mm

Diambil nilai s pakai = 150 mm

Av/s pakai = Av / s pakai

= 157 / 150

= 1,047

Av/s pakai > Av/s perlu (OK)

 Sengkang yang digunakan D10 – 150 (2 kaki sengkang)

Kontrol tulangan geser yang digunakan

Av × fy × d
Vs =
s

157 × 240 × 317

= 150

= 79630,4 N

= 79,63 kN

Vr = ϕ Vs

= 0,75 x 79,63 kN

= 59,723 kN

Vr > Vu

59,723 kN > 44,8716 kN (OK)

6.1.1.6 Rekapitulasi Perhitungan Balok

1. Balok Induk arah X

2. Balok Induk arah Y

3. Balok anak

6.1.1.7 Detail Balok

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