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Electromagnetic Flow Meter
Electromagnetic Flow Meter
The advantage of the electromagnetic flow meter is that the pressure loss is extremely small and
the measurable flow range is large. The ratio of the maximum flow rate to the minimum flow rate
is generally above 20:1. The applicable industrial pipe diameter range is wide, up to 3m. The
output signal is linear with the measured flow rate, and the accuracy is high. It can measure the
conductivity ≥5μs/cm. Fluid flow of acid, alkali, salt solution, water, sewage, corrosive liquid and
mud, mineral pulp, paper pulp, etc. But it cannot measure the flow of gas, steam and pure water.
When a conductor cuts the lines of magnetic force in a magnetic field, an induced electric
potential will be generated in the conductor. The magnitude of the induced electric potential is
proportional to the effective length of the conductor in the magnetic field and the speed at which
the conductor moves in the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. In
the same way, when the conductive fluid flows in the vertical direction in the magnetic field to
cut the magnetic induction force lines, it will also generate an induced electric potential on the
electrodes on both sides of the pipeline..
Structure:
The structure of electromagnetic flow meter is mainly composed of magnetic circuit system,
measuring catheter, electrode, shell, lining and converter.
Measuring tube:
Its function is to let the measured conductive liquid pass through. In order to make the magnetic
flux shunt or short-circuit when the magnetic field lines pass through the measuring tube, the
measuring tube must be made of non-magnetic, low electrical conductivity, low thermal
conductivity and a certain mechanical strength material, and non-magnetic stainless steel, glass
steel, high strength can be selected. Plastic, aluminum, etc.
Electrode:
Its function is to draw out an induced electric potential signal proportional to the measured.
Electrodes are generally made of non-magnetic stainless steel and are required to be flush with
the lining so that the passage of fluid is not obstructed. Its installation position should be in the
vertical direction of the pipeline to prevent sediment from accumulating on it and affecting the
measurement accuracy.
Shell:
It is made of ferromagnetic material. It is the outer cover of the excitation coil of the distribution
system and isolates the interference of the external magnetic field.
Lining: There is a complete electrical insulating lining on the inner side of the measuring pipe and
the flange sealing surface. It directly contacts the liquid to be measured, and its function is to
increase the corrosion resistance of the measuring tube and prevent the induced potential from
being short-circuited by the wall of the metal measuring tube. The lining materials are mostly
corrosion-resistant, high-temperature and wear-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene plastics,
ceramics, etc.
Converter:
The induced potential signal generated by the liquid flow is very weak and is greatly affected by
various interference factors. The role of the converter is to amplify and convert the induced
potential signal into a unified standard signal and suppress the main interference signal. Its task is
to amplify and convert the induced potential signal Ex detected by the electrode into a unified
standard DC signal.
Lining selection:
The lining material should be selected according to the corrosiveness, abrasiveness and
temperature of the measured medium:
1. Natural rubber (soft rubber)
1. Better elasticity, wear resistance and tearing force
2. Resistant to general weak acid and weak alkali corrosion
3. Measure water and sewage
2. Acid-resistant rubber (hard rubber)
It can withstand the corrosion of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, ammonia, phosphoric
acid and 50% sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide at room temperature, but it is
not resistant to the corrosion of strong oxidants
Test general acid, alkali, salt solution
3. Neoprene
1. Excellent elasticity, high breaking force, good wear resistance
2. It is resistant to the corrosion of low-concentration acid, alkali and salt solution, but not
resistant to the corrosion of oxidizing media.
<80℃;
Measuring water, sewage, mud and ore slurry
4. Polyurethane
1. Excellent wear resistance
2. Poor acid and alkali resistance
<40℃
Measure neutral and strong abrasion coal slurry, mud and ore slurry
5. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
1. Resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia, concentrated alkali
and various organic solvents
2. Good wear resistance and poor bonding performance
-80~+180℃;
Measure concentration, strong corrosive solution of concentrated alkali and sanitary medium
Code selection:
1. Understand the process parameters
(1) Know the name of the tested liquid (provided by the user)
(2) Know the maximum flow rate, common flow rate and minimum flow rate of the liquid to be
Diameter DN3~DN3000mm
Working Pressure 0.6~42MPa
Accuracy ±0.2~±0.5%
Liner Neoprene, Rubber, Hard Rubber, Polyurethane, PTFE, PFA, FEP
Electrode SUS316L, HC, HB, Ti, Ta, Platinium-iridium
Structure Integral, Remote, Submersible, Explosion-Proof
Medium Temperature -20~60 degC (Integral)
-10~80 degC (Remote Type with Rubber Series Liner)
-10~160 degC (Remote Type with PTFE Series Liner)
Flow Velocity 0.1~15 m/s (Suggest 0.5~15 m/s)
Enclosure IP65, IP67, IP68
Connection Flange, Thread, Wafer, Tri-Clamp, Union, Hose
Output Signal 4-20mA, Pulse, Frequency
Communication Modbus RTU RS485, HART
Power Supply AC85~250V
DC20~36V
DC12V
Battery 3.6V
Consumption <20W
Alarm High/Low Limit Alarm
Self-Diagnosis Empty Pipe, Exciting
Installation:
The electromagnetic flow meter is simply composed of a flow sensor transmitter. The installation
requirement of the electromagnetic flow meter is that it must be installed at the lowest point of
the pipeline or the vertical section of the pipeline, but it must be in the case of full pipe. The
straight pipe section requires the first 5D and then 3D, so as to ensure the electromagnetic flow
meter works well and has a good accuracy.
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Precautions:
1. Accuracy grade and function Select the instrument accuracy grade according to the
measurement requirements and use occasions to achieve economic and cost-effective. For
example, for trade settlement, product handover and energy metering, you should choose a
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Maintenance:
Only need to perform periodic visual inspection of the meter, check the surrounding environment
of the meter, sweep away dust and dirt, ensure that no water and other substances enter, check
whether the wiring is in good condition, and check whether there is a newly installed strong
electromagnetic field device near the meter or a newly installed wire across the meter. If the
measuring medium easily contaminates the electrode or deposits or scales in the wall of the
measuring tube, it should be cleaned and cleaned regularly.
Fault finding
When the flow meter is put into operation or it is found that the meter is not working properly
after a period of normal operation, the external conditions of the flow meter should be checked
first, such as whether the power supply is good, whether the pipeline is leaking or in a state of
partial pipe, whether there are bubbles in the pipeline, and whether the signal cable Damaged,
whether the output signal of the converter (that is, the input circuit of the rear instrument) is
open. Remember to dismantle and repair the flow meter blindly.
Sensor check
Test equipment: a 500MΩ insulation resistance tester and a multimeter.
Test steps:
(1) When the pipeline is full of medium, use a multimeter to measure the resistance between
terminals A, B and C. The resistance between A-C and B-C should be approximately equal. If the
difference is more than 1 time, it may be that the electrode is leaking, the outer wall of the
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meter should be returned to the factory for repair. If the insulation has dropped but there is still
more than 50MΩ and the inspection result of step (1) is normal, it may be that the outer wall of
the measuring tube is damp, and a hot air blower can be used to dry the inside of the housing.
(3) Use a multimeter to measure the resistance between X and Y. If it exceeds 200Ω, the
excitation coil and its lead wires may be open or poorly connected. Remove the terminal board
and check.
(4) Check the insulation resistance between X, Y and C. It should be above 200MΩ. If it drops,
use hot air to dry the inside of the shell. In actual operation, the decrease of the insulation of the
coil will cause the measurement error to increase and the output signal of the instrument is
unstable.
(5) If it is determined that the sensor is faulty, please contact the manufacturer of the
electromagnetic flow meter. Generally, it cannot be solved on site and needs to be repaired by
us.
Converter check
If it is determined that the converter is faulty, if there is no problem after checking the external
cause, please contact us. We will generally adopt the method of replacing the circuit board.
Electrode check
1. Before using the electromagnetic flow meter, calibrate the electromagnetic flow meter with a
standard pH solution. After calibration and before operation, everyone must pay attention to
clean the electrode of the electromagnetic flow meter with distilled water first, and then clean
the electrode with the test solution again.
2. If the electromagnetic flow meter is not used, when removing the electrode of the
electromagnetic flow meter, everyone should be careful not to let the touch sensor of the
electrode collide with a hard object, otherwise as long as there is damage, it will affect the use of
the electrode.
3. After using the electromagnetic flow meter, you should put the electrode of the
electromagnetic flow meter on the sleeve, and put less saturated solution in it, as long as the
bulb of the electrode is moist, it is enough, but remember not to put it in distilled water soak.
4. Normally, keep the electrode clean, and don't let the output on both sides of it have a short
circuit, otherwise it will make the measurement inaccurate and affect the use of the
electromagnetic flow meter.
Common malfunctions:
1. No flow output. Check whether the power supply part is faulty, test whether the power supply
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Operational malfunctions:
1. Inner wall adhesion layer
Since the electromagnetic flow meter has far more chances to measure the suspended solid
phase or dirty body than other flow meters, the probability of failure caused by the adhesion
layer on the inner wall is relatively high. If the conductivity of the adhesion layer is similar to that
of the liquid, the meter can still output signals normally, but change the flow area, forming a
hidden fault of measurement error; if it is a high conductivity adhesion layer, the electromotive
force between the electrodes will be short-circuited; if it is an insulating adhesion layer , The
electrode surface is insulated to disconnect the measuring circuit. The latter two phenomena will
make the meter unable to work.
2. Lightning strike
Lightning strikes induce instantaneous high voltage and surge current in the line, and entering the
meter will damage the meter. There are three ways to introduce lightning damage to the
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