Pre-Regional Mathematical Olympiad 2016

West Bengal Region | 11 September 2016

ANSWERS TO THE PROBLEMS

1. Consider all possible integers n ≥ 0 such that

(5 × 3m ) + 4 = n2

holds for some corresponding integer m ≥ 0. Find the sum of all such n.

2. Find the number of integer solutions of the equation

x2016 + (2016! + 1!) · x2015 + (2015! + 2!) · x2014 + · · · + (1! + 2016!) = 0,

where n! = n × (n − 1) × · · · × 3 × 2 × 1, for n ≥ 1.

3. Suppose N is any positive integer. Add the digits of N to obtain a smaller

integer. Repeat this process of digit-addition till you get a single digit num-
ber n. Find the number of positive integers N ≤ 1000, such that the final
single-digit number n is equal to 5.
Example: N = 563 → (5 + 6 + 3) = 14 → (1 + 4) = 5 will be counted as one such integer.

4. Consider a right-angled triangle ABC with 6 C = 90◦ . Suppose that the

hypotenuse AB is divided into four equal parts by the points D, E, F , such
that AD = DE = EF = F B. If CD2 + CE 2 + CF 2 = 350, find the length of
AB.

5. Consider a triangle ABC with AB = 13, BC = 14, CA = 15. A line perpen-

dicular to BC divides the interior of 4ABC into two regions of equal area.
Suppose that the aforesaid perpendicular cuts BC at D, and cuts 4ABC
again at E. If L is the length of the line segment DE, find L2 .

√
6. Suppose a circle C of radius 2 touches the Y -axis at the origin (0, 0). A ray
of light L, parallel to the X-axis, reflects on a point P on the circumference
of C, and after reflection, the reflected ray L0 becomes parallel to the Y -axis.
Find the distance between the ray L and the X-axis.

1
 7. Find the coefficient of a5 b5 c5 d6 in the expansion of the following expression.
7
(bcd + acd + abd + abc)

8. Find the number of integer solutions of

h x h x ii
= 5.
100 100

9. Let α and β be the roots of the equation x2 + x − 3 = 0. Find the value of

the expression 4β 2 − α3 .

10. Let M be the maximum value of (6x−3y−8z), subject to 2x2 +3y 2 +4z 2 = 1.
Find [M ].

11. For real numbers x and y, let M be the maximum value of the expression

x4 y + x3 y + x2 y + xy + xy 2 + xy 3 + xy 4 , subject to x + y = 3.

Find [M ].

1 1 1 1 1
12. Let S = 1 + √ + √ + √ + · · · + √ + √ . Find [S].
2 3 4 99 100
√ 1 √ √
√
You may use the fact that n< 2
n+ n+1 < n + 1 for all integers n ≥ 1.

13. Find the total number of times the digit ‘2’ appears in the set of integers
{1, 2, . . . , 1000}. For example, the digit ’2’ appears twice in the integer 229.

14. Find the minimum value of m such that any m-element subset of the set of
integers {1, 2, . . . 2016} contains at least two distinct numbers a and b which
satisfy |a − b| ≤ 3.

2
15. Find the number of pairs of positive integers (m, n), with m ≤ n, such that
the ‘least common multiple’ (LCM) of m and n equals 600.

16. For positive real numbers x and y, define their special mean to be average
of their arithmetic and geometric means. Find the total number of pairs of
integers (x, y), with x ≤ y, from the set of numbers {1, 2, . . . , 2016}, such
that the special mean of x and y is a perfect square.