ACTIVITY 16.

1: Analyzing DepEd’s Philosophy of Education

Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature: School:

Grade/Year Level: Subject Area: Date:

OBSERVE

 Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision and Mission statements, core values and
mandate on the K to 12 Curriculum Framework.
 Study the DepEd Vision and Mission statements, Core values and Mandate.
 Read the features of the K to 12 Curriculum based on the K to 12 Curriculum Framework and Guide and Sec 5 RA
10533.
 Accomplish the table below by answering this question: Which philosophies are expressed?
 Cite relevant statements to back up an identified philosophy of education. You are given an example.

Philosophies of Education
1. Essentialism- teach mastery of the
basics; curriculum is prescribed;
subject matter- centered there are
universal, objective values,; inculcate
values in subject matter.
2. Perennialism- teach those that
last, the classics; there are universal
values; inculcate these universal,
objective values
3. Progressivism- very child-
centered; teach those that interest
the child; one learners by
experiental; values are subjective; no
inculcation of values since they are
subjective; instead teachers help
students clarify their values.
4. Reconstructionism- school is agent
of change; schooling is preparing
students for the social changes;
teaching is involving the students in
discussions of moral delimmas.
5. Existentialism- Teachers teach
Which philosophies are expressed in
the DepEd Vision, Mission,
Mandate? Give proof.
Essentialism- The core values of
maka- Diyos. maka-tao, maka-
kalikasan and maka- bansa show
that DepEd believes in unchanging
values that need to inculcated.
The Deped Mission in which
Students learn in a child-friendly,
gender-sensitive, safe, and
motivating environment shows that
DepEd applied Perennialism to their
DepEd Mission as they believes that
if the learners engage with this kind
of environment, it is possible that
they become afriendly and good
citizen of our country in the future as
they bring a good values that they
learned in schools.
The DepEd vision in which, as a
learner-centered institution, the
DepEd continuously improves itself
to better serve its stakeholders
shows that DepEd is progressivism.
DepEd believes in learners learn by
doing as well as if we teach of what
they are interested.
The DepEd mission in which,
administrator and staffs, as stewards
of the institution, ensure as enabling
and supportive environment for
effective learning to happen shows
that DepEd is reconstructionism.
DepEd believes in teaching is
involving the students in discussion
of moral dilemmas inorder to
understand the implications of one's
action.
The DepEd mission in which,
Which philosophies are expressed in
the K to 12 Curriculum Framework
and Guide and Sec 5 of Ra 10533?
Give proof.
Essentialism- List of standards and
competencies that learners are
expected to attain is the subject
matter that students are expected to
learn.
- Essentialism
In K-12 Curriculum Framework which
is making the Curriculum Relevant to
learners (Contextualization and
Enhancement), Students needed to
acquire in-depthknowledge, skills,
values, and attitudes through
continuity and consistency across all
levels and subjects in order to bring a
good values and characteristic to
their future from what they are
learned in schools.
In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is
Curriculum Development, The
curriculum shall be learner-centered,
inclusive and developmentally
appropriate; which it show that
Progressivism is applied in this law.
In K-12 Curriculum Framework which
is Making The Curriculum Relevant
To Learners (Contextualization And
Enhancement), it shows that there is
an application of Reconstructionism
in which there is a discussions on the
students about the issues such as
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR),
Climate Change Adaptation, and
Information & Communication
Technology (ICT) are included in the
enhanced curriculum.
In K-12 Curriculum Framework which
learners to make a choice, to make
decisions and not merely to follow
the crowd; one who does not make a
choice and simply follow others do
not leave meaningful life
6. Pragmatism- That which is useful,
that which is practical and which
work is what is good; that which is
efficient and effective is that which is
good. E.g. showing a video clip on
mitosis is more efficient and more
effective and therefore more
practical than teacher coming up
with a visual aid by drawing mitosis
on a cartolina or illustration board.
7. Rationalism- emphasizes the
development of the learners’
reasoning powers; knowledge comes
though reason; teacher must
develop the reasoning power of the
learner
8. Utilitarianism- what is good is
that which is most useful ( that
which brings happiness) to the
greatest number of peoples;
9. Empiricism- source of knowledge
is through the senses; teacher must
involve the senses in teaching-
learning
10. Behaviorism- behavior is shaped
deliberately by forces in the
environment nad that the type of
person and actions dsired can be the
product of design; behavior is
determined by others, rather than
by person’s own free will; teacher
must carefully shape desirable
behavior; drills are commonly used
to enhance learning., rewards
teachers facilitate learning and
constantly nurture every learner
shows that DepEd is existentialism.
DepEd believes that society should
not restrict an individual's life or
actions and these restrictions inhibit
free will and the development of
that person's potential.
The DepEd Vision in which, enable
them to realize their full potential
and contribute meaningfully to
building the nation shows that
DepEd applied Pragmatism as they
believe that teaching students a
things that are practical for life are
encourage them to grow into better
people.
The DepEd Core Values which is
Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao,
Makakalikasan and Makabansa is the
proof that shows that DepEd applied
Rationalism in which they practicing
only for believing what is based on
reason and provides the primary
basis for knowledge
The DepEd Vision which is We dream
of Filipinos who passionately love
their country shows that DepEd are
also use Utilitarianism which it
advocates actions that foster
happiness or pleasure and opposes
actions that cause unhappiness or
harm. It would be aims for the
betterment of society as a whole
when directed toward making social,
economic, or political decisions.
The DepEd Vision which is Teachers
facilitate learning and constantly
nurture every learner is an evidence
that DepEd use Empiricism where
teaching-learning of the students is
based on the human senses wherein
it shares the view that there is no
such thing as innate knowledge, and
that instead knowledge is derived
from experience.
The DepEd Vision which is Students
learn in a child-friendly, gender-
sensitive, safe, and motivating
environment is one also a proof that
DepEd applied Behaviorism in which
the teacher provide a positive
reinforcement, or rewards at the
end of the day for their good
behaviour. Whenever students
perform a desired behavior, they will
is Gearing Up For The Future (Senior
High School) it shows that there is a
proof of Existentialism that use
which students may have a freedom
to choose a specialization based on
aptitude, interests, and school
capacity. The choice of career track
will define the content of the
subjects a student will take in Grades
11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under
either the Core Curriculum or specific
Tracks.
In K-12 Curriculum Framework which
is Making The Curriculum Relevant
To Learners (Contextualization And
Enhancement), it shows also that
there is an application of Pragmatism
as students acquire in-depth
knowledge, skills, values, and
attitudes through continuity and
consistency in order to encourage
them to grow into better people
across in all levels.
In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is
Curriculum Development, there is a
proof of application of the
Rationalism in which the curriculum
shall be relevant, responsive and
research based as students is
acquired through reason without the
aid of the senses.
In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is
Curriculum Development, there is a
proof of application of the
Utilitarianism in which The
curriculum shall be culture-sensitive
in which teacher approach offers no
sense of what ought to constitute an
educations.
In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is
Curriculum Development, it shows
that there is an application of
Empiricism in which The curriculum
shall use pedagogical approaches
that are constructivist, inquiry-based,
reflective, collaborative and
integrative; as teacher involves the
senses in teaching-learning of the
students to be able to gain
knowledge.
In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is
Curriculum Development, it shows
that there is a Bahaviorism by which
The curriculum shall be learner-
centered, inclusive and
developmentally appropriate; we
teachers encourage students to
perform desired behaviour as they
giving reward for their good
performance.
 reinforce learning.
11. Constructivism- learner are
capable of constructing knowledge
and meaning; teaching- learning
therefore is constructing knowledge
and meaning; teacher does not just
‘tell’ or dictate but ask learners for
knowledge they construct and
meaning of lesson
12. Other philosophies
learn to perform the behavior on
their own
The DepEd Mission which is In K-12 Curriculum Framework, it
Teachers facilitate learning and shows that there is a Constructivism
constantly nurture every learner in which it encourage students to
show also that DepEd is using consider this to share their valuable
Constructivism as they help learners knowledge and experiences as the
to construct knowledge rather than learner.
just passively take in information. As
students experience the world and
reflect upon those experiences, it
helps to build their own
representations and incorporate
new information into their pre-
existing knowledge.

ACTIVITY 16.2: ARTICULATING MY PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF TEACHING

Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature: School:

Grade/Year Level: Subject Area: Dtae:

OBSERVE

 Observe how a teacher relates to every learner and how he/she proceeds with her teaching.
 Accomplish this Observation Sheet.

Here are philosophies of education. Find out which philosophies were manifested in class by observing what and how
teacher and relates to learners.
 Philosophies of Education
1. Essentialism- teach mastery of the basics; curriculum is
prescribed; subject matter- centered there are universal,
objective values; inculcate values; subject
2. Perennialism- teach those that last, the classic; there are
universal values; inculcate these universal, objective values
3. Progressivism- very child- centered; teach those that
interest the child; one learns by experience; learners learn
by doing so teacher teacher’s teaching is experiential;
values since they are subjective; instead teacher help
students clarify their values
4. Reconstructionalism- school is agent of change,
schooling is preparing students for the social changes,
teaching is involving the students in discussions of moral
dilemmas
5. Existentialism- Teachers teach learners to make a
choice. To make decisions and not merely to follow the
crowd; one who does not make a choice and so simply
follow others do not leave meaningful life
6. Pragmatism- That which is useful, that which is practical
and that which works is what is good; that which is
efficient and effective is that which is good e.g. showing a
video clip on mitosis is more efficient and more effective
and therefore more practical than teacher coming up with
visual aid by drawing mitosis on a cartolina or illustration
board
7. Rationalism- emphasizes the development of the
learners’ reasoning powers; knowledge comes though
reason; teacher must develop the reasoning power of the
learner
8. Utilitarianism- what is good is that which is most useful
(that which brings happiness) to the greatest number of
peoples;
9. Empiricism- source of knowledge is through the senses;
teacher must involve the senses in teaching learning
10. Behaviorism- behavior is shaped deliberately by forces
in the environment and that the type of person and action
desired can be the product of design; behavior is
determined by others, rather than by person’s own free
will; teacher must carefully shape desirable behavior, drills
are commonly used to enhance learning, rewards reinforce
learning
Teaching Behavior (state what the teacher said taught or
did).
In what way was teacher essentialist?
e.g He/She saw to it that the students mastered basic
concepts and skills
He/She inculcated values.
The teachers do not allow the students’ interests or
experience to substantially dictate what they teach. They
apply whatever creative techniques and others tried and
true methods which are believed to be most conducive to
disciplining the students’ minds. Students engaged in
Socratic dialogues or mutual inquiry sessions to develop an
understanding of history’s most timeless concepts.”
The teacher believe that one learns by doing. One
experiential teaching method that progressivist teachers
heavily rely on is the problem-solving method. Other
hands-on-minds-on-hearts-on teaching methods used are
field trips during which students interact with nature or
society. Teachers also stimulate students through thought-
provoking games and puzzles.
Existentialist methods focus on the individual. Learning is
self-paced, selfdirected. It includes a great deal of
individual contact with the teacher, who relates to each
student openly and honestly. To help students know
themselves and their place in society, teachers employ
values clarification strategy. In the use of such strategy,
teachers remain non-judgmental and take care not to
impose their values on their students since values are
personal.
Behaviorist teachers ought to arrange environmental
conditions so that students can make the responses to
stimuli. Physical variables like light, temperature,
arrangement of furniture, size and quantity of visual aids
have controlled to get the desired responses from
learners. Teachers ought to make the stimuli clear and
interesting to capture and hold the learners’ attentions.
They ought to provide appropriate incentives to reinforce

11. Constructivism- Learners are capable of constructing
knowledge and meaning; teaching learning therefore is
constructing knowledge and meaning; teacher does not
just “tell” or dictate but ask learners for knowledge they
construct and meaning of lesson
12. Other philosophies
positive responses and weaken or eliminate negative ones.
Teacher provides students with data or experiences that
allow them to hypothesize, predict, manipulate objects,
pose questions, research, investigate, imagine and invent.
The constructivist classroom is interactive. It promotes
dialogical exchange of ideas among learners and between
teacher and learners. The teacher’s role is to facilitate this
process. Knowledge isn’t a thing that can be simply
deposited by the teacher into the empty minds of the
learners. Rather, knowledge is constructed by learners
through an active, mental process of development;
learners are the builders and creators of meaning and
knowledge. Their minds are not empty. Instead, their
minds are full of ideas waiting to be “midwife” by the
teacher with his skillful facilitating skills

ANALYZE

1. Based on your findings and observations in Activity 16.1 and Activity 16.2, which philosophies of education are
domain in Philippine basic schools? Why do you say so?

2. If there is one philosophy that schools and teachers should give more attention to, what should that be and why?

REFLECT

What is your philosophy of teaching? This describes what you believed you should teach, how you should teach
and how you should relate to others in school- with the learners, your colleagues, your superiors and all other
stakeholders. Write them down. This is your title, “My Philosophy of Teaching.”

My philosophy of Teaching

These may be of help:

I believe that the learner……… (Concept of the learner)

I believe that I should teach the learners… (What)

By… (How)

I belive that I….(how should you relate to learners, colleagues, superior, parents and other stakeholders)

SHOW YOUR LEARNING ARTIFACTS

Accomplished Observation Sheets

My Philosophy of Teaching