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GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Grade 11 || FINALS EXAMINATION || December 2021
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Page 1 of 9
SENIOR HIGH ACADEMIC REVIEWERS FOR EXAMINATIONS
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Grade 11 || FINALS EXAMINATION || December 2021
SHARE Committee || Senior High School Student Council || AUF – Integrated School

INTERCEPT, ZERO, AND ASYMPTOTE OF

RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
y-intercept:
X-Intercept and Y-Intercept let 𝑥 = 0 2
(0) −5(0)−6
𝑦= 3
(0) −3
Intercept - the points where the graph crosses the x-axis
and y-axis. Solve −6
𝑦= −3

x-intercept
Y-intercept (0, 2)
❖ a point that lies on the x-axis (𝑥, 0)
➢ zeros or roots of the rational function
❖ equate the numerator to zero 2
Example 3: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+4
y-intercept
❖ a point that lies on the y-axis (0, 𝑦) x-intercepts:
❖ let 𝑥 = 0, then solve for 𝑦
Equate numerator 2≠0
2 to zero (not possible)
2𝑥
Example 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1 X-intercept There is no x-intercepts and
zeros in this function
x-intercepts:

Equate numerator 2 2 y-intercept:

to zero
2𝑥 += 0→ 𝑥 =0
let 𝑥 = 0 2
Get the square root 2
𝑦= 0+4
𝑥 = 0
Solve 2 1
Zero 𝑥=0 𝑦= 4
→ 𝑦 = 2
X-intercept (0, 0) Y-intercept 1
(0, 2
) 𝑜𝑟 (0, 0. 5)
y-intercept:
Note: If there are no x-intercepts, there are no zeros as well.
let 𝑥 = 0 2(0)
2
𝑦= 0−1
Vertical and Horizontal Asymptote
Solve 0
𝑦= −1
→ 𝑦=0
Asymptote - a line that the graph is approaching but not
Y-intercept (0, 0) touching

Vertical asymptote
2 ❖ a vertical line that is obtained by the 𝑥 values that
𝑥 −5𝑥−6 will make the function undefined
Example 2: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
𝑥 −3 ❖ equate the denominator to zero, then solve for 𝑥

x-intercepts: Horizontal asymptote

❖ a horizontal line that a function approaches as 𝑥
Equate numerator 2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 6 = 0 approaches positive or negative infinity
to zero
❖ compare the degree of the numerator to the
Use factoring (𝑥 − 6) (𝑥 + 1) = 0 degree of the denominator

Zeros 𝑥 = 6 , 𝑥 =− 1

X-intercepts (6, 0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (− 1, 0)

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General Mathematics

Horizontal asymptote The H.A. is the x-axis

(𝑦 = 0)

2𝑥
2 ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS AND THEIR INVERSES
Example 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1

Vertical asymptote:

Equate denominator to 𝑥−1=0

zero

Vertical asymptote 𝑥 = 1is the V.A.

Horizontal asymptote:

Given 𝑛 = 2, 𝑚 = 1
Concept Check!
Rule 𝑛>𝑚
❖ “for every value of x, there will be a unique value
Horizontal asymptote There is no H.A. of y or f(x)”
❖ no two or more ordered pairs have the same
second coordinate
2
𝑥 −5𝑥−6
Example 2: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 Note: If you are given a table of values, you may simply recall the
𝑥 −3 concept to check if it is a one-to-one function. If you are required to
show your solution to prove the function’s one-to-one correspondence,
Vertical asymptote: then you may use the following.

Equate denominator to 3
zero
𝑥 −3=0
Ways to Prove if it is a One-to-One Function
Simplify 3 3 3
𝑥 = 3 A function is one-to-one if it passes the geometric
Vertical asymptote 3 test
𝑥 = 3 / 1. 44 is the V.A.
A function is one-to-one if 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(𝑥 2); to

Horizontal asymptote: prove 𝑥 1

= 𝑥 2

Given
A function is one-to-one if 𝑓(𝑥 1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥 ; to prove
𝑛 = 2, 𝑚 = 3 2)
𝑥 1
≠ 𝑥 2
Rule 𝑛<𝑚 −1
A function f(x) has an inverse 𝑓 (𝑥) if and only if it
Horizontal asymptote The H.A. is the x-axis is one-to-one
(𝑦 = 0) The function f(x) has an inverse 𝑓
−1
(𝑥)if and only if
−1 −1
2
𝑓(𝑓 (𝑥)) = 𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥 for all x in the
Example 3: 𝑓(𝑥) = domain of f(x)
𝑥+4

Vertical asymptote:

Equate denominator to 𝑥+4=0 Testing One-to-One Functions Geometrically

zero
➢ to test functions if it is one-to-one functions, we
Vertical asymptote 𝑥 =− 4 is the V.A. use the geometric test (horizontal line test)
○ use if the graph of the function is
Horizontal asymptote: already given
➢ when given a function, draw horizontal lines
Given 𝑛 = 0, 𝑚 = 1 along with the coordinate system.
➢ if the horizontal lines pass through only one point
Rule 𝑛<𝑚 throughout the graph, the function is a
one-to-one function.
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General Mathematics

2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is not a one-to-one function

➢ use 𝑓(𝑥 1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥 2)to prove 𝑥 1

≠𝑥 2

2
Example: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
Let 𝑥 1 =− 3, 𝑥 2
=3

Formula 𝑓(𝑥 1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥 2)

Substitute 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(− 3) = (− 3)

2

2
A one-to-one function Not a one-to-one function 𝑓(𝑥 2) = 𝑓(3) = (3)

Note: If the given is a table of values and you are to see if the function Solve 2
𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(− 3) = (− 3) = 9
passes the geometric test, you may use the ordered pairs (x,y) to plot 2
𝑓(𝑥 2) = 𝑓(3) = (3) = 9
the coordinates.

Conclusion There are two values of 𝑥 (-3 and 3) that

results in the same y or f(x). Therefore,
2
Testing One-to-One Functions Algebraically 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is not a one-to-one function.

2 4 6
Note: In most cases, functions with even numbers (𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑥 , ...)as
their highest degree and functions that have absolute value |x| are not
one-to-one functions.

Testing One-to-one Functions Through Their Inverses

−1
A function f(x) has an inverse 𝑓 (𝑥) if and only if it
is one-to-one
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1is a one-to-one function −1
The function f(x) has an inverse 𝑓 (𝑥)if and only if
−1 −1
➢ use 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(𝑥 2)to prove 𝑥 =𝑥 𝑓(𝑓 (𝑥)) = 𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥 for all x in the
1 2
domain of f(x)
Example: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
−1 𝑥−1
Example: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3
Formula 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(𝑥 2)
Recall: Getting the inverse of a function
Substitute 𝑥 +1=𝑥 +1 ❖ change f(x) to y
1 2
❖ interchange x and y
Solve (use properties of equality) 𝑥 =𝑥 ❖ isolate y
1 2

Conclusion 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1is a one-to-one Formula −1 −1

function 𝑓(𝑓 (𝑥)) = 𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥

Substitute −1 𝑥−1
𝑓(𝑓 (𝑥) = 3( 3
)+ 1
−1 (3𝑥+1)−1
𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 3

Simplify −1
𝑓(𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1) + 1
−1 3𝑥
𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 3

Solve −1
𝑓(𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1) + 1 = 𝑥
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General Mathematics

−1 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥≥ −1
𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) =
3𝑥
= 𝑥 𝑦≥ −3
3

Conclusion −1 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥 ≥− 3 𝑦≥ −1
Therefore, 𝑓 (𝑥)is the inverse of function
𝑓(𝑥).
Note: If the inverse function has an even number for its degree such as 𝑔(𝑥), we have to add a
So, the function 𝑓(𝑥) has an inverse and is a restriction to its domain (𝑥 ≥− 3) so that the value inside the algebraic expression that is being
one-to-one function. squared (𝑥 + 3)
2
will not be negative. This way, the function will still be one-to-one.

5𝑥−1 −1 𝑥+1
Note: You may use 𝑔(𝑥)instead of 𝑓
−1
(𝑥). If you use this, the formula Example 3: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥+1
→ 𝑓 (𝑥) = 5−2𝑥
would be 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥.

Domain Range

𝑓(𝑥) 1 5
{𝑥| 𝑥ϵ𝑅, 𝑥 ≠ − 2
} {𝑦| 𝑦ϵ𝑅, 𝑦 ≠ 2
}

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION 5 1

𝑔(𝑥) {𝑥| 𝑥ϵ𝑅, 𝑦 ≠ } {𝑦| 𝑦ϵ𝑅, 𝑥 ≠ − }
AND ITS INVERSE 2 2
3𝑥+2 3𝑥−2
Example 4: 𝑓(𝑥) = → 𝑔(𝑥) =
The Domain of the Function or its Inverse 3 3

➢ all real numbers, except the restriction

Domain Range
○ for functions that have , the values of 𝑓(𝑥) (− ∞, + ∞ ) no H.A.(− ∞, + ∞ )
x that makes the radical negative is
the restriction no H.A.(− ∞, + ∞ )
𝑔(𝑥) (− ∞, + ∞ )
○ for functions that have denominators, the
value of x that makes the denominator
equal to zero is the restriction Note: If the domain has no restrictions (− ∞, + ∞ ), then the range of
the function is also (− ∞, + ∞ ).

The Range of the Function or its Inverse

GRAPHS OF THE INVERSE FUNCTIONS
➢ for functions without denominators, simply
substitute the restriction of the domain to the
function to get the restriction of the range
➢ for functions that have , the range should
always be ≥ 0unless the radical is preceded
or followed by another value
➢ for functions with denominators, the restriction
of the range is the horizontal asymptote (H.A.) Concept Check!

−1 ❖ The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) is the range of

Example 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 → 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 −1
its inverse 𝑓 (𝑥)
❖ The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) is the domain of
Domain Range
−1
its inverse 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) (− ∞, + ∞ ) (− ∞, + ∞ )
Graphing Inverse of One-to-One Functions
−1 (− ∞, + ∞ )
𝑓 (𝑥) (− ∞, + ∞ ) ➢ before graphing the inverse function, graph the
original function first
➢ get the ordered pairs (x, y) of the inverse
Example 2: function
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 − 3 → 𝑔(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 + 3) − 1, 𝑥 ≥− ➢ use the ordered pairs (x, y) to graph the inverse
function
Domain Range

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General Mathematics

2+𝑥 ❖ let 𝑥 = 0, then solve for 𝑦

Example 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
Vertical asymptote
𝑥 −2 1 4 ❖ equate the denominator to zero, then solve for 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑦 0 1 2 Horizontal asymptote
❖ compare the degree of the numerator to the
degree of the denominator
−1 𝑥 0 1 2
𝑓 (𝑥
𝑦 −2 1 4

Note: If you are required to graph the inverse of a function but the One-to-One Functions and Their Inverses
equation of the function is the only given, you may use − 1, 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1as
your 𝑥values to create a table of values .
❖ “for every value of x, there will be a unique value
of y or f(x)”
Example 2: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
❖ no two or more ordered pairs have the same
𝑥 −1 0 1 second coordinate
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑦 0 1 2 the geometric test
𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(𝑥 2); to prove 𝑥 1
= 𝑥 2

−1 𝑥 0 1 2 𝑓(𝑥 1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥 ; to prove 𝑥 ≠ 𝑥

𝑓 (𝑥 2) 1
−1
2

𝑦 −1 0 1 A function f(x) has an inverse 𝑓 (𝑥) if and only

if it is one-to-one
−1 −1
𝑓(𝑓 (𝑥)) = 𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥

Domain and Range of a One-to-One Function and its Inverse

➢ DOMAIN - all real numbers, except the restriction

○ 𝑥 − the value of x that makes the
radical negative
𝑎𝑥
○ 𝑏𝑥
− the value of x that makes the

Note: Do not forget to follow the behavior of the line of the original
denominator equal to zero
function. Also, you must add the line of symmetry.
➢ RANGE - substitute the restriction of the domain
… ○ 𝑥 − always be ≥ 0unless the radical is
preceded or followed by another value
SUMMARY OF CONCEPTS AND FORMULAS 𝑎𝑥
○ 𝑏𝑥
− the restriction of the range is the
horizontal asymptote (H.A.)
Intercept, Zero, and Asymptote

x-intercept Graphs of the Inverse Functions

❖ equate the numerator to zero
➢ graph the original function first
y-intercept ➢ get the ordered pairs (x, y)
Page 6 of 9
General Mathematics

○ The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) is the 10. True or False: Based on the picture below,
−1 3
range of its inverse 𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is a one-to-one function.
○ The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) is the
−1
domain of its inverse 𝑓 (𝑥)
➢ graph the inverse function

11. True or False: 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3| is a one-to-one

function.
2
12. True or False: 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 0 is a
one-to-one function.
13. True or False: If the domain has no restrictions
(− ∞, + ∞ ), then the range of the function is also
(− ∞, + ∞ ).

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. This is a point that lies on the x-axis and is in the

form of (𝑥, 0) 14. Mohr’s Type:

2. How can you get your answer on #1? ➢ The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) is the range of
−1
3. True or False: If there are no x-intercepts, there are its inverse 𝑓 (𝑥).
no zeros as well. ➢ The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) is the range of its
−1
4. How can you get the y-intercept of a function? inverse 𝑓 (𝑥)
5. A vertical line that is obtained by the equating the 15. Use 𝑓(𝑥1) = 𝑓(𝑥2) to prove the one-to-one
denominator to zero then solving for 𝑥
correspondence of function 𝑓(𝑥) =𝑥− 1
6. True or False: The horizontal asymptote is the
16. Use 𝑓(𝑥1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥2) to prove the one-to-one
x-axis (𝑦 = 0) when 𝑛 > 𝑚
2
𝑎 correspondence of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4
7. True or False: The horizontal asymptote is 𝑦= 𝑏
17. Use 𝑓(𝑥1) = 𝑓(𝑥2) to prove the one-to-one
when 𝑛 =𝑚
correspondence of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 |𝑥 − 1|
8. True or False: If a function is a one-to-one, no two
2+𝑥
or more ordered pairs have the same (𝑦) second 18. Prove that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
is a one-to-one function
coordinate
through its inverse 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2
9. True or False: This is a one-to-one function.
19. Find the domain and range of
2
𝑥 −4
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+1
, 𝑥 ≥0
20. Create a table of values for the inverse function of
𝑥+3
𝑓(𝑥) = 2

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General Mathematics

ANSWER KEY 17. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 |𝑥 − 1|

1. x-intercept Formula 𝑓(𝑥 1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥 2)

2. by equating the numerator to zero, then solving for 𝑥
Substitute 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(4) = 2 |4 − 1|
3. True
𝑓(𝑥 2) = 𝑓(− 2) = 2 | − 2 − 1|
4. by letting 𝑥 = 0, then solving for 𝑦; in the form of (0, 𝑦)
5. vertical asymptote Solve 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(4) = 2 |3| = 6
6. False; there is no H.A. when 𝑛 >𝑚 𝑓(𝑥 2) = 𝑓(− 2) = 2 | − 3| = 6

7. True
Conclusion There are two values of 𝑥 (4 and -2) that
8. True results in the same y or f(x). Therefore,
9. False; the graph of the function did not pass the 𝑓(𝑥) = 2|𝑥 − 1| is not a one-to-one
function.
geometric test
10. True
11. False; the algebraic expression is within the absolute
2+𝑥
value symbol 18. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
, 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2
12. True; if there is no restriction 𝑥 ≥ 0 in the domain, the
2 Formula 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥
function 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 + 1 will be a many-to-one function
13. True Substitute 2+(3𝑥−2)
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) = 3
14. Only the first statement is correct
2+𝑥
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 3( 3 ) − 2

Simplify 2+3𝑥−2 3𝑥
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) = 3
→ 3
2+𝑥
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 3( 3 )− 2 → 2 +𝑥−

Solve
15. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥
Formula 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(𝑥 2)
Conclusion Therefore, 𝑔(𝑥)is the inverse of function 𝑓(𝑥).
Substitute 𝑥 −1=𝑥 −1 So, the function 𝑓(𝑥) has an inverse and is a
1 2
one-to-one function.
Solve (use properties of 𝑥 =𝑥
1 2
equality)
2
𝑥 −4
19. 𝑓(𝑥) 3𝑥+1
, 𝑥≥0
Conclusion 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1is a one-to-one
function The domain is 𝑥 ≥ 0
Domain: {𝑥| 𝑥ϵ𝑅, 𝑥 ≥ 0} or [0, + ∞)
2
16. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 +4 Note: Since the function has an even number (2) as its degree, it is
required to have a restriction 𝑥 ≥ 0 in its domain to be considered a
one-to-one function. Just copy the restriction 𝑥 ≥ 0 to your answer.
Formula 𝑓(𝑥 1) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥 2)

Substitute 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(− 2) = 3(− 2)

2
+4
Substitute 𝑥 by 0 2
(0) −4
2 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑓(𝑥 2) = 𝑓(2) = 3(2) +4 3(0)+1

Solve 𝑓(𝑥 1) = 𝑓(− 2) = 3(4) = 12

Simplify 𝑓(𝑥) =
−4
→ − 4
1
𝑓(𝑥 2) = 𝑓(2) = 3(4) = 12
Range 𝑦 ≥− 4
Conclusion There are two values of 𝑥 (-2 and 2) that
results in the same y or f(x). Therefore,
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥
2
+ 4is not a one-to-one Range: {𝑦| 𝑦ϵ𝑅, 𝑦 ≥− 4} 𝑜𝑟 [− 4, + ∞)
function.
Note: You do not need to find the horizontal asymptote just to get the
range of this function since the restriction in the domain is already given.
We just need to substitute that restriction to the function.

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General Mathematics

𝑥+3
20. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2

𝑥+3
𝑓(𝑥) = 2

𝑥 −1 0 1

𝑦 1 3 2
2

−1
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3
𝑥 1 3 2
2

𝑦 −1 0 1

REFERENCES

● Canvas modules
● Creating a Table of Values
● Inverse Functions
● One-to-one Functions
● Plotting points on the Cartesian Plane

MAY THE GOOD LORD REWARD US ALWAYS

BEST OF LUCK IN YOUR FINAL EXAMS~

The slope in Mathematics may be steep, but with the right equation of study and rest, you can derive
from your hard work to break your limits in Math and in life!

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