CHAPTER 7

ANALYSIS OF INDETERMINATE STRUCTURAL

FRAMEWORK 2D

1. INTERNAL SURPLUS (MEMBERS)

2. EXTERNAL SURPLUS (SUPPORT)
OBJECTIVES

End of this chapter, student should be able to:

1. Identify indeteminate structural framework.

2. Differentiate between internal and external

surplus (lelebih dalaman/luaran).

3. Define Theorem of Castigliano II

 Formula: theorem castigliano ii
Symbo Explanation
1. Magnitude of redundancy, l
𝑃 𝜇𝐿 Po Internal forces for members due to
σ 0 static loads
𝐴𝐸
𝑅=- 𝜇2 𝐿
(After cut the members or change the
support)
σ
𝐴𝐸  Internal forces due to unit load [virtual
load]

Actual Force,
L Length of members (m)
1.
𝑭 = 𝑷𝒐 + 𝝁𝑹 A Area of members (m2)

E Modulus Young (kN/m2)

F Actual Forces (kN)

 Example 1[internal surplus]

Solution:
1. Identify the trusses, find D= m+r-2j
2. Select surplus (member/support) to remove
3. Po (determine ALL internal forces after CUTTING/REMOVE the
surplus).
4.  (ALL internal forces: Replace the surplus with virtual load-1 unit)
5. Insert into the TABLE to find Redundancy,
𝑃 𝜇𝐿
σ 0
𝐴𝐸
𝑅= - 𝜇2 𝐿
σ
𝐴𝐸

6. Find Actual force, 𝑭 = 𝑷𝒐 + 𝝁𝑹

Example 1[internal surplus]
A simply supported trusses is subjected to a vertical force 60N at D, and Horizontal
force=30N at joint E. Given cross sectional area, A and modulus of elasticity, E are
constant for each members. Determine the actual forces for the trusses if member BC as
redundant.

A B

5m

C D

60N 6m

E
30N 4m
 Solution
Step 1: Identify types of trusses 1. Draw FBD (Free Body Diagram)

2. Determine the value of:

Ax A B m=8 r =3 j =5

3. Formula:
m+r = 2j
Ay 5m 8 + 3 = 2(5)
11 = 10
Cx C D
D = (m+r) – 2j
= 11 – 10
= 1 (statically indeterminate
60N 6m trusses )

D = 1 (surplus)
E
30N 4m D = 1 (surplus)

External surplus, Internal surplus

E = r-3 I = D – (r-3)
= 3-3 = 1- (3-3)
=0 = 1 (remove member AD)
 Arrange the diagram according to question needed

𝑭 = 𝑷𝒐 + 𝝁 𝑹
Actual All internal forces after All internal forces after
Forces remove members REPLACE remove
members by 1 UNIT

Redundancy value
Po = Calculate internal forces due to actual forces
Step 2: Calculate the Reaction

Ax=-84 A B

Ay=60 5m

Cx=114 C D

60N 6m

E
30N 4m
Po = Calculate internal forces due to actual forces
Step 2: Calculate the Reaction

Ax=-84 A B

Ay=60
5m

Cx=114 C D

60N 6m

30N E 4m
 P1 = Calculate internal forces due to virtual load, 1 unit
replace for remove member BC

Ax A B

Ay 1 (T)
5m

Cx C D

6m

E
4m
 Example 1[internal surplus]
No. of Member 𝑷𝒐  L AE PoL AE 2 2L F= Po + R
Member 𝑨𝑬 𝑨𝑬
1 AC

2 AD

3 AB

4 BC

5 BD

6 DC

7 DE

8 EC

 1321.753  22.026
𝑃 𝜇𝐿
σ 0 𝑃0 𝜇𝐿 𝐴𝐸 𝑃0 𝜇𝐿
𝐴𝐸
𝑅=- 𝜇2 𝐿
=-σ *σ =− σ
σ 𝐴𝐸 𝜇2 𝐿 𝜇2 𝐿
𝐴𝐸
Example 2[external surplus]

Determine the magnitude of redundancy and actual forces for the

trusses if joint B as redundancy. Given AE for ALL members is
constant.

A 60kN

5m

B C

4m 3m
 Solution: Identify Trusses and calculate reaction

A 60kN

5m

B C

4m 3m
Solution:
Actual Force, Internal forces due Internal Forces due Magnitude of
to actual load to Virtual Load, 1 unit Redundancy
F = Po + (  ) ( R )
 Po = Calculate internal forces due to actual load
Step 2: Calculate the Reaction

A 60kN

5m

B C
Cy
4m 3m

By Cy
 = Calculate internal forces due to virtual load, 1 unit
Step 2: Calculate the Reaction

5m

B C
1 unit Cy
4m 3m

By Cy
 Calculate:
1] magnitude of Redundancy
2] Actual forces, F

No. of
Member Po  L PoL 2 2L F=Po+R
Member

1 AB

2 AC

3 BC

Total= Total=
 End of Chapter 7

Prepared for Tutorial