Home Automation using Arduino

A MINIPROJECT REPORT

Submitted
In partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
by
P.V.S GIREESH
17761A0296

Under the guidance of

Ms.K.Sri Lakshmi Lavanya
(Asst.PROFESSOR)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA, Accredited by NBA,
NAAC with ‘B++’ grade and an ISO 9001-2015 certified Institution)
L.B.REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM, KRISHNA DIST-521 230
ANDHRA PRADESH
NOVEMBER-2020

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled” Home Autamation Using Arduino” that is being submitted
by P.V SAI GIREESH bearing Roll No: 17761A0296 in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering is a record of the project work carried
out by him under our guidance and supervision.

The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for
the award of any degree or diploma.

Signaturre of supervisor
Ms.K.Sri Lakshmi Lavanya

(Asst.PROFESSOR)

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 ABSTRACT

With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automation is the use
of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production
of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular
requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental
requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in
daily experience. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. Through this project we
have tried to show automatic control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some extent.

The past decade has seen significant advancement in the field of consumer electronics. Various
“intelligent” appliances such as cellular phone, air conditioners, home security devices, home theatres,
etc., are set to realize the concept of a smart home. They have given rise to a Personal Area Network
in home environment, where all these appliances can be interconnected and monitored using a single
controller.

Home automation involves introducing a degree of computerized or automatic control to certain

electrical and electronic systems in a building. These include lighting, temperature control, etc.
This project demonstrates a simple home automation system which contains a remote mobile host
controller and several client modules (home appliances). The client modules communicate with the
host controller through a wireless device such as a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone, in this case, an
android based Smart phone.

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1 PAGE NO.

1.1 HOME AUTOMATION.................................................................. 6

1.2 NEED OF AUTOMATION………………………………………. 6

CHAPTER-2

2.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 7

2.2 COMPONENTS USED…………………………………………… 7

2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO R3…………………………………………… 7

2.2.2 BLUETOOTH MODULE…………………………………….. 10

2.2.3 RELAY MODULE……………………………………………. 12

2.2.4 ARDUINO IED SOFTWARE………………………………… 13

CHAPTER-3

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM……………………......................................... 14

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM……………………………………………… 15

CHAPTER-4

4.1 PROGRAM USED…… .................................................................... 16

CHAPTER-5

5.1 ADVANTAGES............................................................................. 18

5.2 DISADVANTAGES........................................................................ 18

5.3 APPLICATIONS.......................................................................... .. 18

CHAPTER-6

6.1 CONCLUSION................................................................................ 19

6.2 REFERENCE.................................................................................... 19

ABSTRACT
With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automation is the use
4
of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production
of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular
requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental
requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in
daily experience. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. Through this project we
have tried to show automatic control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some extent.

The past decade has seen significant advancement in the field of consumer electronics. Various
“intelligent” appliances such as cellular phone, air conditioners, home security devices, home theatres,
etc., are set to realize the concept of a smart home. They have given rise to a Personal Area Network
in home environment, where all these appliances can be interconnected and monitored using a single
controller.

Home automation involves introducing a degree of computerized or automatic control to certain

electrical and electronic systems in a building. These include lighting, temperature control, etc.
This project demonstrates a simple home automation system which contains a remote mobile host
controller and several client modules (home appliances). The client modules communicate with the
host controller through a wireless device such as a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone, in this case, an
android based Smart phone.

CHAPTER-1

1.1 HOME AUTOMATON:

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Home/office automation is the control of any or all electrical devices in our home or office, whether
we are there or away. Home/office automation is one of the most exciting developments in
technology for the home that has come along in decades. There are hundreds of products available
today that allow us control over the devices automatically, either by remote control; or even by voice
command.

Home automation (also called demotics) is the residential extension of "building automation". It is
automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home automation may include
centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, and
other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Disabled
can provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or
institutional care.

A home automation system integrates electrical devices in a house with each other. The techniques
employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of
domestic activities, such as home entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet feeding,
changing the ambiance "scenes" for different events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of
domestic robots. Devices may be connected through a computer network to allow control by a
personal computer, and may allow remote access from the internet.

Typically, a new home is outfitted for home automation during construction, due to the accessibility
of the walls, outlets, and storage rooms, and the ability to make design changes specifically to
accommodate certain technologies. Wireless systems are commonly installed when outfitting a pre-
existing house, as they reduce wiring changes. These communicate through the existing power
wiring, radio, or infrared signals with a central controller. Network sockets may be installed in every
room like AC power receptacles.

1.2 NEED OF AUTOMATION:

Earlier, we looked into the face of future when we talked about automated devices, which could do
anything on instigation of a controller, but today it has become a reality.
An automated device can replace good amount of human working force, moreover humans are more
prone to errors and in intensive conditions the probability of error increases whereas, an automated
device can work with diligence, versatility and with almost zero error.
Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work.
Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear
facilities, underwater, etc.)
Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.
Economy improvement. Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of
humankind. For example, when an enterprise that has invested in automation technology recovers its
investment, or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan
in the 20th Century.
This is why this project looks into construction and implementation of a system involving hardware to
control a variety of electrical and electronics system.

CHAPTER-2

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2.1 INTRODUCTION :

Homes of the 21st century will become more and more self- controlled and automated. Simple
devices such as a timer to turn on one’s coffee maker in the morning have been around for many
years, but much more sophisticated mechanisms will soon be prevalent in homes around the world.

Imagine walking into your home and being greeted at the door with lights illuminating your path
without you ever having to touch light switch, with your favourite music streaming through the
speakers in whichever room you enter (because your home recognized that it was you and not some
other household member), all while having the peace of mind knowing that your home automation
system took care of activating your security system. Furthermore, such a system could allow the user
to schedule events to occur at recurring intervals (e.g., turn on sprinkler system at 4:30a.m. every
Tuesday and Thursday).

This report describes an approximation of such a home automation system that was designed and built
as a final project for 6.111 at M.I.T. This system was designed to be flexible and generally
programmable, extensible such that adding additional features is relatively simple, and modular and
forward-compatible, so that new components can be added without redesigning the entire system. To
achieve these goals, the system runs a user-defined program on a special-purpose processor, using real-
world sensor inputs as operands.

2.2 COMPONENTS USED:

2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO R3:

Arduino is an open-source, programmable microcontroller and software based on the ATMega chip.
The Arduino board can be programmed using the Arduino software. The syntax for this is similar to
C/C++ and Java.

Arduino is computer hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and
manufactures microcontroller- based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can
sense and control objects in the physical world.

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Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital

input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
Fig 1:Arduino Uno pin layout
MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started...
The Arduino/Genuino Uno board can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The
adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack.
Leads from a battery can be inserted in the GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply from 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V,
however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may become unstable. If using
more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is
7 to 12 volts.

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The power pins are as follows:

Vin - The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage
through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.

5V - This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with
power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board
(7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your
board. We don't advise it.

3V3 - A 3.3-volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.

GND - Ground pins.

IOREF - This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage reference with which the
microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the
appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.

MEMORY- The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB occupied by the bootloader).

It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the
EEPROM library).

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive 20
mA as recommended operating condition and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by
default) of 20-50k ohm. A maximum of 40mA is the value that must not be exceeded on any I/O pin
to avoid permanent damage to the microcontroller.

In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX)- Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins
are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.

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 Fig 2:-Atmega IC

2.2.2 BLUETOOTH MODULE:-

RC – 05 is a Bluetooth module, which is used for create a connection between two Bluetooth
devices, it gets supplied from the Arduino chip and also give instruction to Arduino chip.

Fig 3:Bluetooth module(front side)

HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent
wireless serial connection setup. The HC-05 Bluetooth Module can be used in a Master or Slave
configuration, making it a great solution for wireless communication. This serial port Bluetooth module
is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete
2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Blue core 04- External single chip Bluetooth
system with CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature).

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 Fig 3:Bluetooth module(back side)

The Bluetooth module HC-05 is a MASTER/SLAVE module. By default, the factory setting is
SLAVE. The Role of the module (Master or Slave) can be configured only by AT COMMANDS. The
slave modules cannot initiate a connection to another Bluetooth device, but can accept connections.
Master module can initiate a connection to other devices. The user can use it simply for a serial port
replacement to establish connection between MCU and GPS, PC to your embedded project, etc.

Hardware Features
• Typical -80dBm sensitivity.
• Up to +4dBm RF transmit power.
• 3.3 to 5 V I/O.
• PIO (Programmable Input/Output) control.
• UART interface with programmable baud rate.
• With integrated antenna.
• With edge connector.

Software features-
• Slave default Baud rate: 9600, Data bits:8, Stop bit:1, Parity: No parity.
• Auto-connect to the last device on power as default.
• Permit pairing device to connect as default.
• Auto-pairing PINCODE:”1234” as default.

Pin Description
The HC-05 Bluetooth Module has 6pins. They are as follows:
ENABLE:
When enable is pulled LOW, the module is disabled which means the module will not turn on and it
fails to communicate. When enable is left open or connected to 3.3V, the module is enabled i.e. the
module remains on and communication also takes place.

Vcc: Supply Voltage 3.3V to 5V

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GND: Ground pin
TXD & RXD:
These two pins acts as an UART interface for communication.
STATE:-
It acts as a status indicator. When the module is not connected to paired with any other Bluetooth
device, signal goes Low. At this low state, the led flashes continuously which denotes that the module
is not paired with other device. When this module is connected to/paired with any other Bluetooth
device, the signal goes High. At this high state, the led blinks with a constant delay say for example
2s delay which indicates that the module is paired.

2.2.3 RELAY MODULE:-

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a
switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it
is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal.

Fig 4:Relay module

Relays work on electromagnetism, When the Relay coil is energized it acts like a magnet and changes
the position of a switch. The circuit which powers the coil is completely isolated from the part which
switches ON/OFF, this provides electrical isolation. This is the reason we can control a relay using
5V's from an Arduino and the other end of it could be running an 230V appliance, the 230V end is
completely isolated from the 5V Arduino circuitry.

To connect the 4 Relay board to an Arduino is very easy and allows you to turn on and off a wide
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range of devices, both AC and DC. The first to connections are the ground and power pins, you need to
connect the Arduino +5v to the 4 Relay board VCC pin and the Arduino ground to the 4 Relay board
GND pin. Then it’s an only a matter of just connecting the communication pins, labelled IN1, IN2,
IN3 and IN4, two 4 data pins on the Arduino. In the example code below we used Arduino pins 7, 8,
9, 10. It’s a good idea to avoid using Data pins 0 and 1 as they are used by the Arduino for serial
communication and can cause problems when uploading code to the Arduino.
The default state of the relay when the power is off for COMM (power) to be connected to NC
(normally closed), this is the equivalent of setting the 4 Relay boards IN pin to HIGH (has +5v sent to
it) It is a safety feature to not use the NC connector in-case you Arduino loses power it will
automatically turns off all the devices connected to the relay. When you have something connected to
the relays NO (Normally Open) connector and you set the corresponding IN pin to LOW (0v), power
will flow in from the COMM connector and out of the NO connector powering your device.

2.2.4 ARDUINO IED SOFTWARE:-

The Arduino/Genuino Uno can be programmed with the (Arduino Software (IDE).
The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the board. It
runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based on Processing
and other open-source software.
This software can be used with any Arduino board.

Fig 5:Software screen

CHAPTER-3
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
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 Fig 6:Block Diagram

To develop a Bluetooth based home automation system with Arduino UNO Board and an Android
application.

Remote controlled home automation system provides a simpler solution with Android application
technology.

Remote operation is achieved by any smartphone/Tablet etc., with Android OS, upon a GUI (Graphical
User Interface) based touch screen operation.

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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Fig 7:-Circuit diagram

CHAPTER-4

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4.1 PROGRAM USED:
char var;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);

void loop() {m

while (Serial.available() == 0);

var = Serial.read();
Serial.println(var);

if(var == '1')

{ Serial.println("Load 1 is On");
digitalWrite(2, HIGH);

else if (var == '2')

{ Serial.write("Load 1 is OFF");
digitalWrite(2, LOW);

if(var == '3')

{ Serial.println("Load 2 is On");
digitalWrite(3, HIGH);

else if (var == '4')

{ Serial.write("Load 2 is OFF");
digitalWrite(3, LOW);

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 else Serial.println("Invalid!!");
Serial.flush();

CHAPTER-5

5.1 ADVANTAGES:
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1) Bluetooth is used in this home automation system, which have a range of 10 to 20 meters so the
control cannot be achieved from outside this range.

2) Application is connected after disconnect of the Bluetooth.

3) When the new users want to connect, first download application software and then
configuration must be done.

4) High power consumption because of bluetooth connectivity.

5.2 DISADVANTAGES:

1) Bluetooth is used in this home automation system, which have a range of 10 to 20 meters so the
control cannot be achieved from outside this range.

2) Application is connected after disconnect of the Bluetooth.

3) When the new users want to connect, first download application software and then
configuration must be done.

4) High power consumption because of bluetooth connectivity.

5.3APPLICATIONS:-

The project designed is very practical in nature because everything can be controlled with the help
of just a mobile phone which is widely available nowadays and also proves to be handy.
Also the project is feasible because the cost of the project is very less as compared to the expensive
Wi-Fi based home control systems presently available in the market which require an additional cost
of internet services.

CHAPTER-6
6.1 CONCLUSION:-

Home automation is undainebly a resource which can make a home environment automated.People

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can control their own electrical devices via these Home automation devices and set up controlling
actions through mobile.In future this project may have high potential for marketing.

6.2 REFERENCES:-

www.arduino.org www.google.com
www.diyhacking.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.elementzonline.com
www.androidcontrol.blogspot.com

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