Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A193a193m 17
A193a193m 17
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A193/A193M − 17
1
A193/A193M − 17
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for 2.3 AIAG Standard:6
Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo- AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica-
genic to the Creep Range tion Standard
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on
Iron and Steel 3. General Requirements and Ordering Information
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De- 3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, as
posited on Iron and Steel required, to describe the desired bolting material or bolting
B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically components adequately:
Deposited 3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is carbide solution treated
B766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad- (Class 1), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A),
mium and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2B
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma- and 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1C
terials apply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainless
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of steels; Class 1D applies to bolting material that is carbide
solution treated by cooling rapidly from the rolling
Metallic Materials
temperature),
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
screws, or studs),
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials 3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with
E150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep and 13.1,
Creep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials Under 3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and
Conditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times (Withdrawn 3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 6.1.5.1,
1984)4 6.2.6, 8.1, and 13.1.
E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic
3.2 Coatings—Coatings are prohibited unless specified by
Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating
the purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).
and Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates (Withdrawn
When coated bolting components are ordered the purchaser
1984)4 should take special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch thoroughly understood.
Tension Tests of Materials
E328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and 4. Common Requirements
Structures 4.1 Bolting materials and bolting components supplied to
E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Sorting of this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
Ferrous Metals fication A962/A962M. These requirements include test
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing methods, finish, thread dimensions, macroetch (alloy steels
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical only), marking, certification, optional supplementary
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded requirements, and others. Failure to comply with the require-
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets ments of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconfor-
F1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to mance with this specification. In case of conflict between this
Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification
Fasteners shall prevail.
F1941/F1941M Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings
on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric 5. Manufacture (Process)
F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, 5.1 Melting—See Specification A962/A962M for require-
Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel ments.
Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded 5.2 Quality—See Specification A962/A962M for require-
Fasteners ments.
2.2 ASME Standards:5
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws 6. Heat Treatment
B18.2.3.3M Metric Heavy Hex Screws 6.1 Ferritic Steels:
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws 6.1.1 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperature
B18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws below the cooling transformation range immediately after
rolling or forging. Bolting materials shall then be uniformly
reheated to the proper temperature to refine the grain (a group
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
thus reheated being known as a quenching charge), quenched
www.astm.org.
5
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
6
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
www.asme.org. Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.
2
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)A
Ferritic Steels
Description
and UNS
Grade Designation Class Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Cooper ColumbiumF Titanium Vanadium Aluminum Nitrogen
B5 5 % Chromium 0.10 min 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.0–6.0 ... 0.40–0.65 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Product
Analysis 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.005 0.05 0.10 ... 0.05 ... ... ... ... ... ...
VariationB
B6, 12 %
B6X Chromium
0.08–0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.5–13.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(410),
S41000
Product
Analysis 0.01 over 0.03 0.005 0.005 0.05 0.15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
VariationB
B7, Chromium-
0.38–0.48D 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.80–1.10 ... 0.15–0.25 ... ... ... ... ... ...
B7M MolybdenumC
Product
Analysis 0.02 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.05 ... 0.02 ... ... ... ... ... ...
VariationB
B16 Chromium-
Molybdenum- 0.36–0.47 0.45–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.80–1.15 ... 0.50–0.65 ... ... ... 0.25–0.35 0.015E ...
Vanadium
Product
Analysis 0.02 0.03 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.05 ... 0.03 ... ... ... 0.03 ... ...
VariationB
Austenitic Steels
Grade Description
and UNS Classes Carbon Manganese Phosphorous Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Copper ColumbiumF Titanium Vanadium Aluminum Nitrogen
3
Designation
B8, 1, 1A, 1D,
304, S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
B8A 2
Product
Analysis 0.01 0.04 0.010 0.005 0.05 0.20 0.15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
VariationB
A193/A193M − 17
4
VariationB
B8MLN,
S31653 1, 1A, 1D 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–13.0 2.00–3.00 ... ... ... ... ... 0.10–0.16
B8MLNA
Product
Analysis 0.005 0.04 0.010 0.005 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.10 ... ... ... ... ... 0.01
VariationB
A193/A193M − 17
B8CLN, 0.20–0.50;
B8CLNA 347LN, 0.005– 15 ×
1, 1A, 1D 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... ... ... ... ... 0.06–0.10
S34751 0.020 carboncontent,
min
Product 0.002
Analysis under,
0.04 0.01 0.005 0.05 0.20 0.15 ... ... 0.05 ... ... ... 0.01
VariationB 0.005
over
B8ML4CuN,
S31730 1, 1A, 1D 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 17.0–19.0 15.0–16.5 3.0–4.0 4.0–5.0 ... ... ... ... 0.045
B8ML4CuNA
Product
Analysis 0.005 0.04 0.005 0.002 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.15 ... ... ... ... 0.01
VariationB
A
Values are maximums unless a range or a minimum is indicated. Where ellipses appear in this table, there is no requirement and the element need not be determined or reported. The intentional addition of Bi, Se,
Te, and Pb is not permitted.
B
Product Analysis—Individual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual element in a heat may not vary both above and below the
specified range. Product variation limits are over for maximums, over or under for ranges, and under for minimums, unless otherwise indicated.
C
Typical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.
D
For bar sizes over 31⁄2 in. [90 mm], inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 % max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon of 0.28 % is permitted, provided that the required tensile properties are met in the section
sizes involved, the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.
E
Total of soluble and insoluble.
F
Columbium and Niobium are alternate names for element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
A193/A193M − 17
in a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for
each quenching charge, and tempered. The minimum temper-
ing temperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.
Class 1: B8C, B8T, all diameters carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HBW or
96HRBC
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8CLNA, carbide solution treated in the finished 75 30 30 50 192 HBW or 90
B8MA, B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, condition HRB
B8MLNA, B8NA, B8MNA,
B8MLCuNA, all diameters
Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN, carbide solution treated 80 35 30 40 223 HBW or 96
B8MLCuN, all diameters HRBC
Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all carbide solution treated 100 55 35 55 271 HBW or 28
diameters HRC
Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 100 55 35 55 271 HBW or 28
condition HRC
Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all carbide solution treated 95 50 35 55 271 HBW or 28
diameters HRC
Classes 1C: B8SA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 95 50 35 55 271 HBW or 28
condition HRC
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T, carbide solution treated and strain 125 100 12 35 321 HBW or 35
B8N,D3⁄4 and under hardened HRC
over 3⁄4 to 1, incl 115 80 15 35 321 HBW or 35
HRC
over 1 to 1 ⁄ , incl
14 105 65 20 35 321 HBW or 35
HRC
5
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TABLE 2 Continued
Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Grade, Diameter, in. Heat TreatmentB min, ksi min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
% offset, min % min %
ksi
Austenitic Steels
over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2, incl 100 50 28 45 321 HBW or 35
HRC
Class 2: B8M, B8MN, carbide solution treated and strain 110 95 15 45 321 HBW or 35
B8MLCuND3⁄4 and under hardened HRC
6
A193/A193M − 17
TABLE 3 Continued
Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Class Diameter, mm Heat TreatmentB min, min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
MPa % offset, min % min %
MPa
Austenitic Steels
Classes 1 and 1D; B8, B8M, B8P, B8LN, carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HBW or 96
B8MLN, B8CLN, all diameters HRBC
Classes 1 and 1D: B8ML4CuN, all carbide solution treated 480 175 35 50 90 HRB
diameters
Class 1: B8C, B8T, all diameters carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HBW or
96HRBC
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8CLNA, B8MA, carbide solution treated in the finished 515 205 30 50 192 HBW or 90
B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, condition HRB
B8MNA, B8MLCuNA, all diameters
Class 1A: B8ML4CuNA, all diameters carbide solution treated 480 175 35 50 90 HRB
Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN, carbide solution treated 550 240 30 40 223 HBW or 96
B8MLCuN, all diameters HRBC
Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all diameters carbide solution treated 690 380 35 55 271 HBW or 28
HRC
Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 690 380 35 55 271 HBW or 28
condition HRC
Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all diameters carbide solution treated 655 345 35 55 271 HBW or 28
HRC
Classes 1C: B8SA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 655 345 35 55 271 HBW or 28
condition HRC
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T, B8N,D carbide solution treated and strain 860 690 12 35 321 HBW or 35
M20 and under hardened HRC
Class 2: B8M, B8MN, B8MLCuN,D carbide solution treated and strain 760 655 15 45 321 HBW or 35
M20 and under hardened HRC
7
A193/A193M − 17
6.1.2 Use of water quenching is prohibited for any ferritic after all rolling, forging, heading, and threading operations are
grade when heat treatment is performed after heading or complete. This designation does not apply to starting material
threading. such as bar. Components shall be heated from ambient tem-
6.1.3 Except as permitted below for B6X; bolting material perature and held a sufficient time at a temperature at which the
that is subsequently cold drawn for dimensional control shall chromium carbide will go into solution and then shall be
be stress-relieved after cold drawing. The minimum stress- cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the
relief temperature shall be within not more than 100 °F [55 °C] carbide.
below the tempering temperature. Tests for mechanical prop- 6.2.5 Classes 2, 2B, and 2C—Bolting material shall be
erties shall be performed after stress relieving. carbide solution treated by heating from ambient temperature
6.1.4 B6 and B6X shall be held at the tempering tempera- and holding a sufficient time at a temperature at which the
ture for a minimum time of 1 h. B6X bolting material may be chromium carbide will go into solution and then cooling at a
furnished in the as-rolled-and-tempered condition. Cold work- rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the carbide.
ing after heat treatment is permitted for B6X material provided Following this treatment the bolting material shall then be
the final hardness meets the requirements of Tables 2 and 3. strain hardened to achieve the required properties.
6.1.5 B7 and B7M shall be heat treated by quenching in a NOTE 5—Heat treatment following operations performed on a limited
liquid medium and tempering. For B7M bolting components, portion of the product, such as heading, may result in non-uniform grain
such as bolts, studs, or screws, the final heat treatment, which size and mechanical properties through the section affected.
may be the tempering operation if conducted at 1150 °F [620 6.2.6 If a scale-free bright finish is required; this shall be
°C] minimum, shall be done after all machining and forming specified in the purchase order.
operations, including thread rolling and any type of cutting.
Surface preparation for hardness testing, nondestructive 7. Chemical Composition
evaluation, or ultrasonic bolt tensioning is permitted.
6.1.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, bolting material for 7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition
Grade B7 may be heat treated by the Furnace, the Induction or requirements prescribed in Table 1.
the Electrical Resistance method.
8. Heat Analysis
NOTE 4—Stress-relaxation properties may vary from heat lot to heat lot
or these properties may vary from one heat-treating method to another. 8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
The purchaser may specify Supplementary Requirement S8, when stress- manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
relaxation testing is desired. specified in Section 7. The chemical composition thus deter-
6.1.6 Bolting material Grade B16 shall be heated to a mined shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s
temperature range from 1700 to 1750 °F [925 to 955 °C] and representative, and shall conform to the requirements specified
oil quenched. The minimum tempering temperature shall be as in Section 7. Should the purchaser deem it necessary to have
specified in Tables 2 and 3. the transition zone of two heats sequentially cast discarded, the
purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S3 of
6.2 Austenitic Stainless Steels: Specification A788/A788M.
6.2.1 All austenitic stainless steels shall receive a carbide
solution treatment (see 6.2.2 – 6.2.5 for specific requirements 9. Mechanical Properties
for each class). Classes 1, 1B, 1C (Grades B8R and B8S only),
2, 2B, and 2C can apply to bar, wire, and finished bolting 9.1 Tensile Properties:
components. Class 1A (all grades) and Class 1C (grades B8RA 9.1.1 Requirements—Bolting material as represented by the
and B8SA only) can apply to finished bolting components. tension specimens shall conform to the requirements pre-
Class 1D applies only to bar and wire and finished bolting scribed in Tables 2 and 3 at room temperature after heat
components that are machined directly from Class 1D bar or treatment. Alternatively, stainless strain hardened bolting com-
wire without any subsequent hot or cold working. ponents (Class 2, 2B, and 2C) shall be tested full size after
6.2.2 Classes 1 and 1B, and Class 1C Grades B8R and strain hardening to determine tensile strength and yield
B8S—After rolling of the bar, forging, or heading, whether strength and shall conform to the requirements prescribed in
done hot or cold, bolting material shall be heated from ambient Tables 2 and 3. Should the results of full size tests conflict with
temperature and held a sufficient time at a temperature at which results of tension specimen tests, full size test results shall
the chromium carbide will go into solution and then shall be prevail.
cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the 9.1.2 Full Size Bolting Components, Wedge Tensile
carbide. Testing—When applicable, see 12.1.3, headed components
6.2.3 Class 1D—Rolled or forged Grades B8, B8M, B8P, shall be wedge tested full size. The minimum full size load
B8LN, B8MLN, B8N, B8MN, B8R, and B8S bar shall be applied (lbf or kN) for individual sizes shall be as follows:
cooled rapidly immediately following hot working while the W 5 Ts 3 At (1)
temperature is above 1750 °F [955 °C] so that grain boundary
where:
carbides remain in solution. Class 1D shall be restricted to
applications at temperatures less than 850 °F [455 °C]. W = minimum wedge tensile load without fracture,
Ts = tensile strength specified in ksi or MPa in Tables 2 and
6.2.4 Class 1A and Class 1C Grades B8RA and B8SA—
3, and
Finished bolting components shall be carbide solution treated
8
A193/A193M − 17
At = stress area of the thread section, square inches or square additional tension tests shall be made from such lot, all of
millimetres, as shown in the Cone Proof Load Tables in which shall conform to the requirements specified.
Specification A962/A962M.
12. Test Specimens
9.2 Hardness Requirements:
9.2.1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements pre- 12.1 Number of Tests—For heat-treated bars, one tension
scribed in Tables 2 and 3. Hardness testing shall be performed test shall be made for each diameter of each heat represented in
in accordance with either Specification A962/A962M or with each tempering charge. When heat treated without interruption
Test Methods F606/F606M. in continuous furnaces, the material in a lot shall be the same
9.2.2 Grade B7M—The maximum hardness of the grade heat, same prior condition, same size, and subjected to the
shall be 235 HBW or 99 HRB. The minimum hardness shall same heat treatment. Not fewer than two tension tests are
not be less than 200 HBW or 93 HRB. Conformance to this required for each lot containing 20 000 lb [9000 kg] or less.
hardness shall be ensured by testing the hardness of each stud Every additional 10 000 lb [4500 kg] or fraction thereof
or bolt by Brinell or Rockwell B methods in accordance with requires one additional test.
9.2.1. The use of 100 % electromagnetic testing for hardness as 12.1.1 For studs, bolts, screws, and so forth, one tension test
an alternative to 100 % indentation hardness testing is permis- shall be made for each diameter of each heat involved in the
sible when qualified by sampling using indentation hardness lot. Each lot shall consist of the following:
testing. Each lot tested for hardness electromagnetically shall Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size
be 100 % examined in accordance with Practice E566. Follow- 11⁄8 [30] and under 1500 lb [680 kg] or fraction thereof
ing electromagnetic testing for hardness, a random sample of a Over 11⁄8 [30] to 13⁄4 [42], incl 4500 lb [2000 kg] or fraction thereof
Over 13⁄4 [42] to 21⁄2 [64], incl 6000 lb [2700 kg] or fraction thereof
minimum of 100 pieces of each heat of steel in each lot (as Over 21⁄2 [64] 100 pieces or fraction thereof
defined in 12.1.1) shall be tested by indentation hardness
methods. All samples must meet hardness requirements to 12.1.2 Tension tests are not required to be made on bolts,
permit acceptance of the lot. If any one sample is outside of the screws, studs, or stud bolts that are fabricated from heat-treated
specified maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall be bars furnished in accordance with the requirements of this
rejected and either reprocessed and resampled or tested 100 % specification and tested in accordance with 12.1, provided they
by indentation hardness methods. are not given a subsequent heat treatment.
9.2.2.1 Surface preparation for indentation hardness testing 12.1.3 Full Size Specimens, Headed Bolting Components—
shall be in accordance with Test Methods E18. Hardness tests Headed bolts or screws 11⁄2 in. in body diameter and smaller,
shall be performed on the end of the bolt or stud. When this is with body length three times the diameter or longer, and that
impractical, the hardness test shall be performed elsewhere. are produced by upsetting or forging (hot or cold) shall be
subjected to full size testing in accordance with 9.1.2. This
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance testing shall be in addition to tensile testing as specified in
10.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed and 9.1.1. Wedge tensile testing shall be limited to product with
shall have a workmanlike finish. Points shall be flat and socket head cap screw, hexagon, square, hex flange, or twelve
chamfered or rounded at option of the manufacturer. Length of point flange heads. The lot size shall be as shown in 12.1.1.
point on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor more Failure shall occur in the body or threaded section with no
than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end failure, or indications of failure, such as cracks, at the junction
parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts shall be of the head and shank. Wedge tensile testing is not required for
measured from first thread to first thread. flat countersunk head or socket button products.
10.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, bolt 13. Nuts
heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions of ASME
B18.2.1 or ASME B18.2.3.3M. Unless otherwise specified in 13.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts shall be furnished with
the purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series should be nuts, when specified in the purchase order. Nuts shall conform
used for nominal body diameters of 11⁄4 in. [30 mm] and less. to Specification A194/A194M.
For larger sizes, the Heavy Hex Screw Series should be used,
except the maximum body diameter and radius of fillet may be 14. Certification
the same as for the Heavy Hex Bolt Series. The body diameter
14.1 Certification is required. In addition to the require-
and head fillet radius for sizes of Heavy Hex Cap Screws and
ments of Specification A962/A962M the report shall include
Bolts that are not shown in their respective tables in ASME
results of the chemical analysis, macroetch examination (Car-
B18.2.1 or ASME B18.2.3.3M may be that shown in the
bon and Alloy Steels Only), and mechanical tests, and state the
corresponding Hex Cap Screw and Bolt Tables respectively.
method of heat treatment employed.
Socket head screws or bolts shall be in accordance with ASME
B18.3 or ASME B18.3.1M.
15. Product Marking
11. Retests 15.1 See Specification A962/A962M. The grade symbol
11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test lot do shall be as shown in Table 4 and Table 5. Grade B7M no longer
not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer requires a line under the grade symbol. However, a line is
may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which case two permitted.
9
A193/A193M − 17
TABLE 4 Marking of Ferritic Steels TABLE 5 Marking of Austenitic Steels
Grade Grade Symbol Class Grade Grade Symbol
B5 B5 Class 1 B8 B8
B6 B6 B8C B8C
B6X B6X B8M B8M
B7 B7 B8P B8P
B7M B7M or B7M B8T B8T
B16 B16 B8LN B8F or B8LN
B16 + B16R B8MLN B8G or B8MLN
Supplement S12 B8CLN B8Y or B8CLN
B8ML4CuN B8YY or B8ML4CuN
Class 1D B8 B94
B8M B95
B8P B96
B8LN B97
B8MLN B98
B8N B99
B8MN B100
B8R B101
B8S B102
B8CLN B103
B8ML4CuN B104
Class 2 B8 B8SH
B8C B8CSH
B8P B8PSH
B8T B8TSH
B8N B8NSH
B8M B8MSH
B8MN B8YSH
B8MLCuN B8JSH
10
A193/A193M − 17
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
These requirements shall not apply unless specified in the order and in the Ordering Information,
in which event the specified tests shall be made before shipment of the product.
11
A193/A193M − 17
S14. Marking Coated Bolting Components S15.1.1 The minimum carbon content shall be 0.04 %.
S14.1 Bolting components coated with zinc shall have ZN S15.1.2 Carbide solution treatment shall be between 1900°F
marked after the grade symbol. Bolting components coated and 1950°F followed by quenching in water or rapid cooling
with cadmium shall have CD marked after the grade symbol. by other means.
NOTE S14.1—As an example, the marking for zinc-coated B7 will now
be B7ZN rather than B7*.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.1 Strain hardening is the increase in strength and hard- greater the penetration of strain hardening.
ness that results from plastic deformation below the recrystal-
lization temperature (cold work). This effect is produced in X1.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain
austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars or wire to hardened bolting component are dependent not just on the
the desired final size by cold drawing or other process. The alloy, but also on the size of bar from which it is machined. The
degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy is limited by minimum bar size that can be used, however, is established by
its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the amount of the configuration of the component so that the configuration
strain hardening that can be produced is further limited by the can affect the strength of the componoent.
variables of the process, such as the total amount of cross-
section reduction, die angle, and bar size. In large diameter X1.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and size may
bars, for example, plastic deformation will occur principally in be machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of the
the outer regions of the bar so that the increased strength and same alloy and size because a larger diameter bar is required to
hardness due to strain hardening is achieved predominantly accommodate the head of the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely
near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the to be stronger than the same size bolt in a given alloy.
X2.1 Use of coated bolting components at temperatures zinc-coated bolting components should be limited to tempera-
above approximately one-half the melting point (Fahrenheit or tures less than 390 °F [210 °C]. The melting point of cadmium
Celsius) of the coating is not recommended unless consider- is approximately 600 °F [320 °C]. Therefore, application of
ation is given to the potential for liquid and solid metal cadmium-coated bolting components should be limited to
embrittlement, or both. The melting point of elemental zinc is temperatures less than 300 °F [160 °C].
approximately 780 °F [415 °C]. Therefore, application of
12
A193/A193M − 17
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A193/A193M – 16, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved Nov. 15, 2017).
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