MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

(1567)

Program Name and Code Mechanical ENGINEERING (Shift)

Course Name and Code : EDR(22207)

Academic Year : 2020-21

Semester : Second

A MICRO PROJECT

On

(Projection Of Solids)
Sr. Name of the students Roll Enrollment
No. no no
1) Abdul Maajid Shaikh Irfan 1 2000180311
Sikkalgar
2) Alfaiz Fayaz Deshmukh 2 2000180254
3) Amaan Mahemud Gawli 3 2000180386
4) Govind Dinesh Badgujar 4 2000180379
5) Manish Sudhir Badgujar 5 2000180205
6) Gaurav Anil Bhangale 6 2000180289
7) Samiksha Nitin Bhangale 7 2000180230
8) Kalpesh Vijaylal Bhavsar 8 2000180371
9) Vasudha Nitin Borude 9 2000180332
10) Amit Bhushan Chaudhari 10 2000180216

Project guidance

Deepali Ahire Mam

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 Maharashtra State

Board of Technical Education

Certificate of completion
Of Micro-Project Assessment at the end of the Diploma Programme

(By respective Head of the Department & Head of the Institute)

This is to certify that Mr/Ms. ..........................................................

with Enrollment No ........................... has successfuly completed

Micro-project as in the enclosed 'Portfolio during his/her tenure

of completing the Diploma Programme in .....................................

................ from............................................. Institute with institute

Code........................

Signature Signature

Head of the Dipartment Head of Institute

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 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC

JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-

I (Full Name) …………………………………………………………………… Roll No./Seat No.

…………………… as a student of …………. Sem/Year of the Programme
…………………………………………….. humbly submit that I have completed from time to time the
Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report by my own skills and study between
the period from ……………………… to …………………….. as per instructions/guidance of Prof. R.
B. Panpatill

And that following students were associated with me for this work, however, quantum
of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.

And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any other literature
in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date: ……/…../…….. Signature of student

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 Introduction
A solid is a three dimensional object having length,
breadth and thickness. It is Completely bounded by a
surface or surfaces, which may be curved or plane. The
shape of a solid is described orthographically by
drawing its two orthographic projections, usually, on
the two principal planes of projection i.e., HP and VP.
The following are the different positions which the axis
of a solid can take with respect to the reference planes:
1. Axis perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP.
(CONE AND PYRAMID)

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2. Axis perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP

(PYRAMID, CONE, PRISM)

3. Axis parallel to both HP and VP, i.e., axis

perpendicular to a profile plane.

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4. Axis inclined to HP and parallel to VP.

5. Axis inclined to VP and parallel to HP

6. Axis inclined to both HP and VP.

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 The shape of the solid is described by drawing its
two orthographic views usually on the two
principle planes i.e. H.P. & V.P. PROJECTIONS OF
SOLIDS Definition of Solid: A solid is a three
dimensional object having length, breadth and
thickness. It is completely bounded by a surface or
surfaces which may be curved or plane. -For some
complicated solids, in addition to the above
principle views, side view is also required. -A solid
is an aggregate of points, lines and planes and all
problems on projections of solids would resolve
themselves into projections of points, lines and
planes.
Classification of Solids: Solids may be divided into
two main groups; (A) Polyhedra (B) Solids of
revolution (A) Polyhedra : A Polyhedra is defined
as a solid bounded by planes called faces which
meet in straight lines called edges.
There are seven regular Polyhedra which may be
defined as stated below; (3) Tetrahedron (4) Cube
or Hexahedron: (5) Octahedron: (6) Dodecahedron:
(7) Icosahedron: (1) Prism (2) Pyramid

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These are some types of the solids .But main types of
solids are such as :-

1)Polyhedra and Solids of revolution.

2) Regular and Irregular Solids

3)Right and Oblique Solids

4) Full solid , Frustum of a solid and Truncated solid.

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 Types of solids
Solids divided into two main groups:

1) Polyhedron
Polyhedron: A polyhedron is defined as a solid
bounded by planes called faces. When all the faces are
equal and regular, the polyhedron is said to be regular.

There are six regular polyhedron

a. Tetrahedron :

It has four equal faces, each an

equilateral triangle.

b. Cube or Hexahedron : It has six faces, all equal

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squares.

c. Octahedron: It has eight equal equilateral

triangles as faces.

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d. Dodecahedron : It has twelve equal and regular

pentagons as faces.

e.Prism: This is a polyhedron having two equal and

similar faces called its ends or bases, parallel to each
other and joined by other faces, which are
parallelograms. The imaginary line joining the centers
of the bases is called the axis.

A right and regular prism has its axis perpendicular to

the bases. All its faces are equal rectangles.

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f. Pyramid :- A pyramid is a Polyhedron having a plane
surface as it’s base and number of slant triangular
faces meeting at a point called vertex or apex ,as it’s
side faces.

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2)Solid of revolution :- It has three types such
as
a) Cylinder

A right circular cylinder is a solid generated by the

revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides, which

remains fixed. It has two equal circular bases. The line

joining the centers of the bases is the axis. It is

perpendicular to the bases.

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b. Cone :

A right circular cone is a solid generated by the

revolution of right-angled triangles about one of its
perpendicular sides, which is fixed.

c. Sphere :

A sphere is a solid generated by the revolution of a

semi-circle about its diameter as the axis. The mid-
point of the diameter is the centre of the sphere. All

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points on the surface of the sphere are equidistant
from its centre.

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 Applications
Solids are three dimensional . Projection of solids
means drawing them in two dimensional view so it get
easy to understand the figure . Projection of solids
have many applications such as :-

• Architects who design the building construction

after making their design which was in 3D view,
they project their views in 2D to easy to make the
construction.
• Civil constructers and graphic designer viewed
their design in two dimensional view so the length ,
height and width of the view will be known to us.
• It allows builders to tackle the geometric elements
of height, width, and depth.
• The technician may produce the envisioned picture
on a planar surface such as drawing paper.
• There are many things around us ,but we are
unable to tell the length of that material .To know
the proper length of all sides we should draw that
material into two dimensional view, so we will be
able to get the length of each side of that structure
or that material.
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 • By learning any structure projecting in its two
dimensional view ,we can also make use of
computer to make the view faster and accurate.
• It is also used for printing and drawing technology
such as typography, cartography, technical
drawings, advertising , etc.

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 Conclusion
Projection of solids means to make 3D view or to
draw the view to 2D or two dimensional to
understand it quickly.

A 3D projection (or graphical projection) is a design

technique used to display a three-dimensional (3D)
object on a two-dimensional (2D) surface. These
projections rely on visual perspective and aspect
analysis to project a complex object for viewing
capability on a simpler plane. This concept of extending
2D geometry to 3D was mastered by Heron of
Alexandria in the first century. Heron could be called
the father of 3D. 3D Projection is the basis of the
concept for Computer Graphics simulating fluid flows
to imitate realistic effects. Lucas Films 'ILM group is
credited with introducing the concept (and even the
term "Particle effect"). Projection of the solids is very
useful to us and we should use this method for learning
arts and different types of structures .

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Reference:-
1) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_projectio
n
2) https://www.slideshare.net/AniketSuryawans
hi/projection-of-solids-73140319
3) https://www.mesubjects.net/projections-
solids/
4) https://www.brainkart.com/article/Projection-
of-Solids-and-Section-of-Solids_6520/
5) Book of Engineering Drawing.

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