L-09 Hydrostatic forces….

contd
(iii)Inclined plane surface immersed in liquid
Hydrostatic forces….contd….
Consider a plane surface of arbitrary shape immersed in a liquid in such a way
that the plane of the surface makes an angle θ with the free liquid surface.

Let A= area of the plane surface

h=depth of C.G from free surface
h=distance of centre of pressure from free surface
θ=angle made by the plane surface with free liquid surface.
Let the plane surface if produced meet at ‘o’. Then o-o’ is the axis
perpendicular to plane surface.

Let y=distance of C.G of plane surface from o-o’

y=distance of centre of pressure from o-o’
 Hydrostatic forces….contd….
To find total pressure
Consider a small strip of area da, at distance h, from free surface and at a
distance y, from axis o-o’
Pressure on small strip,p=ρgh=ϒ h
Pressure force on small strip, df=pxarea= ρghxda
Total pressure F, on whole area, A=∫df= ∫ ρghxda= ρg ∫hxda
ℎ ℎ ℎ
But from fig, = = = sinθ
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
h=ysinθ
F= ∫ ρgysinθxda
=ρgsinθ ∫ yda
= ρgsinθ xAy where ∫ yda is the centroid of the plane area
F= ρgAh (sinθy=h)
 Hydrostatic forces….contd….
To find centre of pressure.
Pressure force on small strip, df=ρghxda=ρgysinθxda
Moment of force about axis o-o’=dfxy= ρgysinθxdaxy=ρgy2sinθxda
Sum of moments of all such forces about o-o’= ∫dfxy= ∫ρgy2sinθxda
= ρgsinθ ∫y2 xda
= ρgsinθ Io --------(1)
where ∫y2 xda= second moment of area A about the axis o-o’
= Moment of inertia of area A about axis o-o’
= Io
Moment of total force, F about o-o’=Fy….........(2)
where y is the distance of centre of pressure from o-o’
Equating eqs(1) and (2) Fy = ρgsinθ Io ………………………(3)
Hydrostatic forces….contd…
ℎ
Now y = and F= ρgAh
𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
By parallel axis theorem, Io =IG +Ay2
Substituting the values in eq(3)
ℎ ρgsinθ Io ρgsinθ
= = [IG +Ay2 ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛θ ρgAh ρgAℎ

sin2 θ
h= [IG +Ay2 ]
Ah

ℎ ℎ
But , =sinθ or y =
𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
sin2 θ ℎ2
h= [IG +A( )]
Ah sin 2θ
Hydrostatic forces….contd…
IG sin2 θ
h= +h
Ah
Examples
A circular gate 2.5m diameter is immersed in water. Its greatest and least depth
below the free surface being 3m and 1m respectively. Find the total pressure on
one face of the plate and position of centre of pressure.
Examples
Examples
Examples
An annular plate 3m external diameter and 1.5m internal diameter is immersed
in water with its greatest and least depths below water surface are 3.6m and
1.2m respectively. Determine the total pressure and the position of the centre of
pressure on the plate
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Gate PQ shown in fig below is 1.25m wide and 2m high and it is hinged at P.
Gauge G, reads -14.715kN/m2 . The left hand tank contains water and right
hand tank contains oil of sp. gr 0.75 upto the height shown in fig. What
horizontal force must be applied at Q, to keep the gate closed?
Examples
Examples
Hydrostatic forces……contd….
Hydrostatic forces….contd….