A

Synopsis
Report
on
“Fire Alarm system using Transistor”

Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirement For The

Award Of Degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Electronics And Communication Engineering

Under Guidance of
Er.Avinash Pal
(ECE Assistant Professor)

Submitted by :
RAHUL HARIJAN (1875131028)

KIPM - College Of Engineering & Technology, GIDA

 Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, LUCKNOW
Session: 2021-22

ABSTRACT

Fires continue to occur in modern architecture, the people's lives and property has brought
huge losses. In order to reduce the fire in the building automatic fire alarm equipment placed
into a necessity. This paper discusses the automatic fire alarm system, the composition and
working principle. The system will be collected through the fire alarm detector to the fire, fault
and other signals sent to the sub-machine, Submachine re-transmission of such information will
be sent to the fire alarm control, and then start from the controller, sound and light alarm
display, alarm and other devices, and automatically print a fire information. This paper
describes the overall structure of the fire alarm system, fire alarm control software in the
design. Fire detectors using two-wire method to reduce the wall alignment, improve reliability,

ease of construction and installation.

CONTENTS

1. Introduction 1
2. Circuit Diagram 2
3. Components 3
4. Working 4
5. Advantages & disadvantages 5
6. Scope & Future 6
❖ REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

A fire alarm is an electronic sounder or a bell. The alarm makes a loud, high pitched sound to
notify people that there is a fire in the building. The sounders can be programmed to sound
different tones. Most fire alarm sounders in Europe sound like a siren. The bell makes a
continuous ringing sound.

A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people
through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies
are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat
detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call
points or pull stations.

Fire alarms are often used in schools and other places during fire drills, or in the case of a real
fire. If somebody activates a fire alarm for fun or without reason, it is called a false alarm.
Setting off a false alarm is against the law in most places.
 CIRCUIT WIRING

First of all we placed a BC547 Transistor and buzzer on a Breadboard. Then 1N14148 Diode is
connected with base terminal of transistor and further Resistor and LED bulb is connected with
Buzzer. Hence all circuit are connected using jumper wire and simple circuit diagram of a Simple
Fire alarm system is shown in figure below.
CKT DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

LIST OF COMPONENTS
 BreadBoard BC547 Transistor Buzzer

LED Resistor 220ohm 9v Battery

Jumper Wire 1N14148 Diode

WORKING OF A FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

A BC547 NPN transistor drives a buzzer or an Led at the output as it detects a fire. The working
of a fire sensor is quite easy and simple. The transistor turns on whenever it gets the base voltage
of 0.7V through the resistor. As the circuit senses the fire it decreases the resistance at the base.
Due to which the voltage across the base terminal increases or becomes equal to 0.7V which
turns the transistor ON. The Led starts glowing to indicate the fire. When there is no fire, the led
turns Off as the voltage across the base terminal falls below 0.7V so the transistor turns off.

Hence, Fire Alarm circuit is a simple circuit that detects the fire and activates siren sound or
buzzer which is shown in figure below:-

A FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

 Advantages

1. The major benefit is the early detection of fire. The earlier the fire gets detected,
the faster the firefighters will be informed and further, they’ll work to stop it.

2. Fire alarms can save you money on your house insurance to a large extent.

3. A fire alarm system provides homeowners with 24/7 protection all through the
day.

Disadvantages

1. Very sensitive, which can lead to false alarms as a product of cooking.

2.  fire alarms work seamlessly for small and medium side buildings, but certain
restrictions come with large areas.
3. Independence from the power supply source is a great feature, but battery usage
has its negative side.

Scope & Future

Hence electronic circuits can be designed for the fire based alarms and they provide very high
efficiency and can be used for the security reasons. Early fire detection is best achieved by the
installation and maintenance of fire detection equipment in all rooms and areas of the house or
building. The various circuits described in the paper can be used.

The fire alarm industry is catching up on the most recent developments and will incorporate fire
safety technologies, like human-machine interfaces and nanotechnology. Check the article
below to find out the future of fire alarm technology.
 REFERENCE

● Peter J. Finley, Jr., Executive Analysis Of Fire Service Operations In

Emergency Management, Vineland Fire Department, Vineland, New Jersey

● Chenebert, A., Breckon, T.P., Gaszczak, A. (September 2011). "A Nontemporal Texture
Driven Approach to Real-time Fire Detection".Proc.

● National Fire Protection Association (2011). "Chapter 4 Annex A". NFPA 12 Standard

on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. National Fire Protection Association.
standard: A.4.5.6.2.2.

●  Chenebert, A.; Breckon, T.P.; Gaszczak, A. (September 2011). "A Non-temporal Texture
Driven Approach to Real-time Fire Detection". 
● ^ Dunnings, A.; Breckon, T.P. (2018). "Experimentally Defined Convolutional Neural
Network Architecture Variants for Non-temporal Real-time Fire Detection". Proc.
International Conference on Image Processing (PDF). IEEE. Retrieved 9 August 2018.