ComfortMUN General Training Rules

• Mute yourself if you’re not speaking.

• Ask questions only during the Q&A session.
• Don’t interrupt! if you have any inquires, please wait until the gap
time.
• Be respectful with other delegates (Bullying in any form will not be
tolerated and will impose a serious sanction).
• Notify before leaving the meeting.
• Ask for assistance or help from the Instagram DM.
What is Model United Nations?
Model United Nations is an academic simulation of the United
Nations where students play the role of delegates from different
countries and attempt to solve real world issues with the
policies and perspectives of their assigned country.
Rules of Procedure
 ROLL CALL
• Dais (Chairs) begins with roll call.
• Delegates may respond “present” or “present and voting”.
• Next, the Dais will ask the floor for a motion to “open the debate”.
• In the first committee session, a delegate must move to open the
Speakers’ List.
• During the first committee session, the agenda must also be set
(choose topic 1 or 2).
 GENERAL SPEAKERS LIST
• The Speakers’ List is the default format of committee, if there are no points or motions
• A country may only appear on the list once at any given time/ by the discretion of the Dais
• A delegate can be added by raising their placard when the dais asks or by sending a note to the
Dais
• The speaking time will be set by the delegate who moves to open the Speakers’ List, but a delegate
may move to change the speaking time. However, it will depend on the chair’s discretion.
• If the Speakers’ List is exhausted and no other delegates wish to be added, the committee moves
immediately into voting procedure on any draft resolutions that have been introduced.
• If there is still time remaining when a delegate concludes his or her speech, he or she must yield
his or her time (to the dais, to another delegate, or to questions, by saying either “I yield my time to
...”)
• Yielding to dais will automatically end the speech, yielding to another delegate allocates the
remainder of the time to that delegate (the second delegate may not yield to a third delegate), and
yielding to questions allows for feedback from other delegates.
 TYPES OF CAUCUS
Moderated caucus
• The caucus will be carried upon in
a moderated debate on one aspect
of the topic.
• Delegates must specify total caucus
time, individual speaking time and
topic when motioning.
• Delegates that wish to speak must
raise their placards when the chairs
ask (raise hand for online) Sample:
Motion for a moderated caucus 5 to
1 discussing root causes of the
issue.
Unmoderated Caucus
• Unmoderated debate, formal order
will not be adopted.
• Draft resolutions paper/ working
paper can be written during this
time.
• Delegates must specify total time
when motioning the unmoderated
caucus. Sample: Motion for a 10
minutes unmoderated caucus
discussing about …
 Consultation of the whole
• Speaker A > Speaker B> Speaker C (you get to choose the next person
to speak only to those who are raising their hand)
• Delegates must specify total time when motioning Sample: Motion
for a 10 minutes consultation of the whole discussing about …
 Order of Disruptiveness
1. Extension of any motion (maximum time is half of the previous
caucus)
2. Unmoderated caucus
3. Consultation of the whole
4. Moderated caucus depending on the speaking duration
 POINTS VS. MOTION
Points Motions
• Usually questions aimed at the • Requests for continuing debate
chair or the delegate(s) speaking in • Votes are needed to continue
front
• Must be phrased in question form
• No votes are needed
• Must not interrupt a speaker,
unless it’s a point of personal
privilege in regards to the audibility
of the speakers.
 Types of Points
Personal Privilege Parliamentary Inquiry
• ▸ If delegates have issues with • If delegates wish to ask the chair
audibility or need to leave for questions regarding
committee for a short time. procedure.
• E.g. Point of Personal Privilege • E.g. Point of Parliamentary
- may I leave for a moment and Inquiry - how many votes are
comeback, I have internet issues? needed for a majority?
 Types of Points
Information Order
• ▸ If delegates wish to ask the • ▸ If there is something wrong in
current speaker questions related committee, in regards to
to their speech. parliamentary procedure.
• E.g. Point of Information - when • E.g. Point of Order - Chairs, isn’t
crisis updates come up. my motion more constructive?
Resolutions
 What is a resolution?
• Basically a document with the solutions that the committee has
proposed in order to solve the issue.
• There is a specific format for a UN resolution.
• The purpose of a committee session is to pass a resolution. All the
debate and negotiation is supposed to lead up to a resolution which
contains the proposed solutions to the issue.
Introducing A Draft Resolution:
• Usually raised by people who want to see a resolution discussed, must
be recognized by Dais first. Example: Motion to Introduce Draft
Resolution 1.x
 First stage of resolution : Working Papers

• Basically a document with the data of all committee discussion.

• There is no specific format for a working paper.
• No sponsors or signatories needed.
• The working paper will later on be work on to draft resolution.
 Who writes a resolution?
• The main author(s) of a resolution is called a sponsor. Most
resolutions have more than 1 sponsor.
• A signatory is a country that wants to see the resolution debated.
Usually, they are also involved in writing the resolution (in a smaller
role as compared to the sponsor).
 Parts of Resolutions
Headings:
• Comprised of 4 main pieces of information, which are:
▸ Committee Name
▸ Sponsors
The main writers of the resolution, they need to make an authorship speech explaining
their resolution.
▸ Signatories
Delegates who want to see the resolution debated but may not necessarily agree with it
▸Committee Topic
The numbers on resolutions are given by the chairs so delegates can easily differentiate
between the resolutions and reference them if needed.
 Parts of Resolutions
Preambulatory Clauses:
They are the introduction to the resolution,
and usually highlight previous actions taken
against the issue, as well as any important
concepts or statistics. These clauses should
be brief, as operative clauses are more
important. They must be written in italics
and underlined. In simple terms,
preambulatory clauses also serves for
fundamental stipulations of the draft
resolutions (principle, recalling past actions,
and etc)
Examples: Acknowledging, Believing,
Declares, Deeply concerned, Fully aware,
Guided by, Observing, Reaffirming,
Reminding, Taking into account
Operative Clauses:
They are the actual substance of the
resolution, filled with solutions to the issue.
Authors can use sub-clauses to explain any
specific details to make their solutions clear.
These clauses present by order of
importance what the attitude the committee
should follow. Operative clauses must also
be written in italics and underlined. MAKE
SURE IT’S REALISTIC.
Examples: Authorises, Calls for, Endorses,
Recommends, Reminds, Supports, Urges
 Sponsors and Signatories
• Draft resolutions and working papers must have a certain amounts of
sponsors and signatories
• Sponsors are delegates who wrote the working paper, or whose ideas are
substantially represented in the paper. Sponsors are determined by the
formula of 1/10 from council quorum.
• Signatories are delegates who would like to see the working paper debated.
• Signatories need not agree with the content of the resolution they are
signing, they must only agree that it is worthy of discussion. Signatories are
determined by the formula of ⅕ from the total council quorum.
• Sponsors count towards the total number of signatories.
 Amendments
Friendly Amendments:
• Changes the authors agree with,
and will be added straight into the
resolution without debate on it
Unfriendly Amendments:
• Changes the authors disagree with,
and must be debated and voted on
before being added.
• The amendment author will be
asked to make a short speech
explaining the amendment,
followed by a certain pro-con
speakers list before moving into
voting procedures.
• The amendment would only pass if
half of the committee votes in
favour of it.
 Regulations in Amendments
• Add, change or remove one or several operative clauses or sub-
clauses;
• Add and or strike words, phrase or whole clauses;
• Cannot change or remove preambulatory clauses;
• Cannot remove all operative clauses.
 ONLINE MUN SETTING
• Always pay attention to what your chairs state or say!
• Raise placard = Raise hand feature in zoom
• Do not exit and enter whenever you want, notify the chair first.
• Break out room = means of negotiation → ask the chair permission
• If you’re not speaking, please mute yourself.
• Always turn on your video at least during speech.
• Lower down your hand, don’t leave a residual hand.
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
A TIP OF ICE BERG FOR YOUR MUN!
RESEARCH
 Purpose of Research

• Gaining basic understanding on the topic

• Knowing the mandate and the tasks of your designated council
• Knowing your country’s stance, interest, and position
• Knowing your possible allies on your council
 Flow of research
Country research > Council Research > Topic Research
• Researching your country :
Look at the Study Guide - analyse the region your country

• Analyze your country’s stances

Read the news on your country’s position towards the issue - and the general
picture (e.g.: Arctic situation in 2017 )

• Council related knowledge

Look at the Study Guide — analyse your council’s mandate and past action
on the issue + commitment
Read the news on your council’s activities
Analyze related resolutions and report from your council
 Basic Understanding on Council’s Topic
• Read the study guide, highlight things that you don’t understand, do
some research.
• Read the news - analyse what is the core problem of the issue.
• Take notes only on important points that are related to your topic.
 Creating a research binders ; How?
• Committee / council Informations :
• Section in UN Charter
Mandates
Power
Membership
• Country Information's → the most
important is to include the related ones
with topic
• Get to Know your Chairperson:
Preferences
MUN Style
Studying Background
• Mapping Strategy
Potential allies
Potential opponent
• Ideas or substance related to the topic
• Research Matrix :
- Summary of Study Guide
- Urgency and relevancy
towards the status quo
- Council information
- The country
- Solutions or arguments for the
- QARMAs
SPEECH
 What should you pay attention on?
• Structure
• Sequence
• Frame
• Delivery
 Structure
• Opening
• Body
• Closing

Notes :
Structured speech are impressive and useful, it enables people to know
how organized and prepared you’re for the conference.
 Sequence
• Know if you are an earlier speaker or later speaker or middle speaker.
Early speaker may bring on issues on the agenda and address
urgency.
Middle speaker may go into the context and give a wider
perspectives on the agenda.
Last speaker may summarize or conclude, then address on others
urgency to be discussed.
• Use those position wisely
 Frame
Frame your speech, in MUN, it’s not just about transparency, but
framing does matter. It just doesn’t make your speech seems more
constructive but also, well-prepared.

If you disagree with one idea, kindly use diplomatic words. Why?
For example : Instead of saying “ your solution sucks and can’t be
applied”, rather use “Let’s look for mutually beneficial solutions on how
we can resolve this issue.”
 Delivery
“ Afterall, how you deliver it matters most”

Speak with the right tone, speak boldly on the urgency , last but not
least, speak at the right pace (not to slow, not to fast).
REVEALING THE MUN TIPS & TRICK!
 Research Advice
• Do not procrastinate, be certain and strategized.
• Be structured.
• Always triangulate and find credible resource → divide it into areas to
know it better.
• Don’t leave out important information but also be selective → Don’t
become overwhelmed!
 Speech Advice
• Just speak based on your research, delivery of research is what matters
• Never fake a country’s policy
• Prepare your speech, practice your speech.
• When you speak often, people can note down your capability.
 Negotiations Advice
• Be friendly
• Establish a rapport with fellow delegates
• Do your research and know what are your needs and their needs
(compromise)
• Know what they want and know how they work as people
• Also, maintain your persona.
POSITION PAPER TIPS
HOW TO BE BEST DELEGATES?
By : Abraham H. Samuel Jose
and Indah Pratiwi Eri Putri
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW IF YOU’RE
IN THE CRISIS COMMITTEE
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
 Further Questions?
Contact : DM us @comfortmun on Instagram or
Mail us at training.comfortmun@gmail.com.

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