A Technical Seminar Report

On

DUAL FUEL ENGINE

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

By

EEGA SHIVASHANKARA VARAPRASAD

19JJ5A0302

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING JAGTIYAL
Nachupally (kondagattu), Jagtial (Dist.) – 505 501, Telangana

2021

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING JAGTIYAL
 Nachupally (kondagattu), Jagtial (Dist.) – 505 501, Telangana

2021-2022

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar report entitled “WORKING OF PISTON LESS
PUMP” is a bonafide work carried out by EEGA SHIVASHANKARA
VARAPRASAD, bearing Roll No 19JJ5A0302 in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in
MECHANICAL ENGINNERING by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University, Hyderabad during the academic year 2021-2022.

Dr. N.V.S. Raju

Professor of ME
Supervisor
Dr. K. Vasantha Kumar
Asst. Professor of ME
Head of the department

Dr. A. Suresh Arjula

Asst. Professor of ME
Project Coordinator
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My first thanks to my supervisor Dr. N.V.S. Raju – Professor of the
Department of Mechanical Engineering. for his expert advice and
encouragement throughout this difficult seminar report on WORKING OF
PISTON LESS PUMP .

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. K. Vasantha Kumar – Head and

Assistant Professor of the Department Of Mechanical Engineering, for
providing me the facilities in the department and for the completion of the
report.

I extent my sincere thanks to my coordinator Dr. A. Suresh Arjula –

Assistant Professor and Project Coordinator of the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, for his constant timely guidance for successful
completion of this seminar.

I wish to convey my sincere gratitude to Dr. V Venkateswara Reddy,

principal and Dr.T.Venugopal- vice principal, JNTUH College of
Engineering Jagtial for their support in providing the necessary facilities to
present this seminar.

I extent my sincere thanks to all the other staff of Mechanical

Engineering Department who have assistant me when I needed their help.

EEGA SHIVASHANKARA VARAPRASAD

19JJ5A0302
ABSTRACT
The Present scenario of Fuel Consumption is well known to everyone.
Everyday technical people talk about the depleting Fuel sources and Exhaust
hazards. Particularly about the Diesel engines find their importance more than the
Petrol engines due to their operating cost and Fuel consumption, but Diesel engines
have their demerits in the area of Exhaust and Power loss.

Necessary steps have to be taken in order effectively use the Fuel available. We

have brought the UTILIZATION OF SIX STROKE ENGINES which runs on DUAL
FUEL to your view. The Six Stroke Engines Principle resembles the Double Stage
Compressor. By this way effective Compression is done and the need for
Turbocharger is completely neglected.

As the demand for the worlds fossil fuel increases, their price increases, interest has
rightly begun to be given to the development of alternate fuel. The use of alternate
fuel can meet considerable energy demand of several villages in a country, if an
integrated energy system suitable to specific locations and needs are developed .

The major problem of carrying energy to the remote rural communities can be solved
to some extend by harnessing the available alternate fuel potential in those areas.
Unlike coal, oil and natural gas, which take millions of years to form, biogas can be
considered as a renewable energy source because biogas production is a daily
process.This report on DUAL FUELED ENGINE(90%-gobar gas+10% diesel). This
has been successfully implemented in our agricultural farms for Irrigation purpose.
The cost factor, performance, safety, maintenance, comparison between
conventional engine and dual engine have been analyzed and stated in the paper.
CONTENTS:-
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
IMPORTANCE OF DUELFUEL ENGINE
ENERGY CONSIDERATION
WORKING OF DUEL FUEL ENGINE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCE


INTRODUCTION

There are an increasing number of dual fuel, natural gas/diesel engines in

operation worldwide. They provide a relatively easy and inexpensive option to
higher polluting diesel engines in a wide range of vehicles. The degree of
sophistication of these engines varies depending upon fuel control strategies,
however, they have proven reliable in many parts of the world and continue to
expand their market share, particularly in regions where diesel pollution is a
major concern and health hazard.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
In dual fuel engine the alcohol is generally injected into the combustion
chamber. Due to high self ignition temperature of alcohols, there will be no
combustion with usual diesel compression ratios of 16-18. So a little before the
end of compression stroke, a small quantity of diesel oil is injected into the
combustion chamber through normal pumping techniques. The diesel oil
readily ignites and this initiates combustion in the alcohol-air mixture also.

IMPORTANCE OF DUAL FUEL ENGINES

Diesel engines can be converted as dual fuel natural gas engines

relatively easily because typically there are no changes in the
engine compression ratio, cylinder heads, or basic operation as a
diesel cycle engine. Even the sophisticated computer controlled
dual fuel systems are being developed as bolt on technologies that
can be removed if necessary, to resell the vehicle as a normal
diesel engine.

These conversions are easy to install and easy to maintain. This

flexibility makes these engines very useful in many global markets.

Some cities in various parts of the world are reaching epidemically

poor air quality limits and need an immediate remedy to pollution
caused by urban diesel vehicles.
Natural gas provides both an environmental benefit and, in most
markets, a cheaper fuel than refined petroleum products.

This compensates economically over the vehicles lifetime for the

additional cost of the natural gas equipment furthermore, the
companies now developing and supplying these engines and dual
fuel systems account for increased economic and employment
opportunities in the countries they are located.

ENERGY CONSIDERATION
The calorific value of alcohols is lower than the diesel oils and hence a
larger quantity of alcohols has to be used for producing the same
amount of power output.

However the air requirement for combustion is lower and hence the
energy content of the mixture is the same. Since the latent heat of
vapourisation is very high, the temperature and pressure at the end of
compression come down due to their evaporation. Hence if the alcohol
Injection rate exceeds a limit, the injected diesel will not be able to ignite
and hence the engine will fail to function .

Working Cycle
 ADVANTAGES
�Most natural gas engines are either bi-fuel or dedicated. Bi-fuel
engines are Otto cycle (spark ignited) that run on either natural
gas or gasoline. The bi-fuel natural gas engine maintains two fuelling
systems on board a vehicle: a natural gas system as well as a petrol
system. While not necessarily optimised for natural gas operation, they
tend to be more �environmentally friendly� than petrol engines and
have the advantage of running on petrol in the event that a natural gas
fuelling station is not readily available.

�Dedicated natural gas engines are Otto cycle (spark ignited) that are
operated only on natural gas. They tend to be optimised, that is they
have a compression ratio designed to take advantage of the 130 octane
of natural gas, and have been designed to take into consideration the
combustion characteristics of the fuel so that the engine is very low
polluting.

�Dual fuel natural gas engines are based upon diesel technology. The
primary fuel is natural gas but they are designed to operate
interchangeably with diesel as a pilot ignition source (functioning on heat
of compression and not with a spark plug). These engines also can
operate on 100% diesel fuel. When idling these engines tend to operate
on 100% diesel. As the vehicle begins to move to full load performance,
an increasing amount of natural gas replaces the diesel fuel to 80% or
more.

This makes them especially valuable in circumstances where the use of

natural gas is desired for environmental or economic reasons but where
the natural gas supply is not available in all locations.

It also is relatively easy to convert a diesel engine to dual fuel operation.

Some of the dual fuel engines are throttle controlled using
a fumigation system that adds natural gas to the engine as higher speed
is required. Other dual fuel systems are computer controlled to ensure
that the optimal ratio of natural gas and diesel fuel is delivered to the
engine depending upon load and performance requirements.
These systems performance and emissions vary depending upon
operating conditions and the sophistication of the control system, but
generally they can achieve much lower emissions diesel engines,
especially of NOx and particulate matter.

APPLICATIONS OF DUAL FUEL ENGINE

Dual fuel natural gas/diesel engines are becoming popular in many parts
of theworld. The more expensive, sophisticated computer control
systems are being introduced successfully in North America and
Australia, and are being tested in European in anticipation of market
entry. But their use in other parts of the world is expanding, particularly
in Latin America, India, Pakistan, China and other parts of Asia. They
tend to be used in large vehicles such as buses andrefuse trucks, but
also have applications in smaller commercial diesel engine vehicles.

CONCLUSION

A good engine needs high efficiency, high performance characteristics,

low emission standards. It seems that the above mentioned solution
meets all these specified standards. For the practical implementation,
changes in the design of Compression Ignition engines are not of a
greater magnitude. The only change that has to be implemented is that
the metering system should be able to meet 9:1 air fuel ratio. Further
cold starting is performed efficiently using glow plugs. It is very much
essential to implement the dual fuel technique ASAP in order to save the
ozone layer and to live in a green world. Indian economy can be
considerably saved because the fuel usage does not involve any foreign
exchange. The emission of smoke is reduced by 9% in the glow plug
assisted dual fuel mode of operation compared to dual fuel mode of
operation. Compared to diesel, it reduces by 69%. The glow plug
assisted dual fuel operation improves the combustion. It shows higher
peak heat release rate, compared to dual fuel operation without glow
plug. The peak pressures are higher in glow plug assisted dual fuel
operation in the entire load range when compared to dual fuel operation
without glow plug. In general glow plug assistance improves the part
load performance in dual fuel engine with a significant reduction in
emissions