2211485 BELLO, SAMANTHA NICOLE G.

SEPTEMBER 10, 2021

2927 CE 2121L FUNDAMENTALS OF
BSCE-II
SURVEYING LAB (FS 10:30-1:30
FIELDWORK NO 3. MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES: TAPING OVER SMOOTH
AND LEVEL GROUND AND TAPING OVER UNEVEN AND SLOPING GROUND

OBJECTIVES

 To develop the skills of taping the distance on a level ground where the tape is
fully supported by the ground.
 To acquire the skills of taping the distance on an uneven ground where the tape
is only supported at the ends.

ILLUSTRATIVE SET-UPS and PROCEDURES

A. MEASURING ON EVEN OR LEVEL GROUND

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 B. MEASURING OVER UNEVEN OR SLOPING GROUND

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 DATA and RESULS

The precision obtained depends upon the degree of refinement with which the
measurements are taken. Ordinarily, taping over flat, smooth ground with a steel tape or
chain, divided in hundredths of a foot, provides a precision of one in three thousand to one
in five thousand. The precision taking a measurement of a distance by tape is better than
taking a measurement using pacing, taping has lesser errors than pacing.
In taping uneven or sloping ground, it is standard practice to hold the tape
horizontally and use a plumb-bob at one or perhaps both ends. On steeper slopes, where a
full length of tape cannot be held horizontally without plumbing from above shoulder level,
shorter distances are measured and accumulated to total a full tape length. This procedure is
called as breaking tape.
Taping downhill is preferable to measuring uphill for two reasons. First, in taping
downhill, the rear point is held steady on fixed object while the other end is plumbed. In
taping uphill, the forward point must be set while the other end is wavering somewhat.
Second, if breaking tape necessary, the head tape person can more conveniently use the hand
level to proceed downhill a distance, which renders the tape horizontal when held
comfortably at chest height. In some cases, it becomes impractical to break chain. When the
slope becomes so steep that frequent chaining (tape) points are required, a vertical surface
must be measured across, or intermediate chaining (tape) points are not readily accessible,
it may be more desirable to determine the horizontal distance indirectly. The most frequently
used method is "slope chaining (tape)", where the distance along the slope is measured, the
slope rate is determined, and the horizontal distance calculated.

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 COMPUTATIONS

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 CONCLUSION

This field work is all about taping a desirable distance, this will only be effective and
efficient if the surveyors know the location. Location meaning, the weather is good and not
crowded because taping a specific distance in a huge area is pretty serious. Errors may also
appear in this field work not only in pacing, finding the desirable distance with the use of
taping needs an instruments and right procedures. I learned that taping in a location with
leveled and unleveled ground may get its distance using the skills of the surveyors and with
the use of the tech-equipment.
Doing this field work, you may require more than 2 surveyors to guide and help you
leveling and maintaining a horizontal line measuring the distance, you can assign people as
the recorder, tape man, and the chainman.

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