5 Energy 中/EN

Flipped classroom

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5.4 Energy sources

We can get energy from many

different sources.

Extension
Can you name
some examples of
energy sources?

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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
A. Fossil fuels

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5.4 Energy sources

Today, fossil fuels are our main energy

sources.
Fossil fuels are formed from the

Extension
remains of dead plants and animals
buried millions of years ago.

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5.4 Energy sources

Once fossil fuels are used, they will

take a very long time to replenish.

Extension
They are called non-renewable
energy sources.

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5.4 Energy sources

Coal, crude oil and natural gas are

fossil fuels.

Extension
coal crude oil natural gas
How were these fossil fuels formed?
Animation
(Formation of crude oil)
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5.4 Energy sources

How was coal formed?

Plants that lived
millions of years ago

Extension
when they died…

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5.4 Energy sources

The remains of the plants were

buried underground...

Extension
as time went by
…buried deeper and deeper...

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5.4 Energy sources

Over millions of years, high temperature,

high pressure and the action of bacteria
slowly turned the remains into coal.

Extension
coal

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5.4 Energy sources

Coal is usually
directly used as fuel.

Coal is used mainly

Extension
in power stations to
generate electricity.
Today, about 40% of the world’s
electricity supply still comes from the
burning of coal in power stations.
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5.4 Energy sources

How was crude oil and natural gas formed?

Sea animals and plants that
lived millions of years ago

Extension
when they died…

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5.4 Energy sources

The remains of the sea animals and plants

sank to the bottom of the seas.

Extension
as time went by
…buried deeper and
deeper...

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5.4 Energy sources
Over millions of years, high temperature,
high pressure and the action of bacteria
slowly turned the remains into crude oil
and natural gas. natural gas

Extension
crude oil

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5.4 Energy sources

Crude oil is seldom

used directly as

Extension
fuel.

Crude oil is processed to produce

several types of fuels, such as petrol,
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and
diesel oil.
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5.4 Energy sources

Natural gas is
usually directly
used as fuel.

Extension
Natural gas is used for cooking and as
fuel in cars in some countries.
In Hong Kong, natural gas is used
mainly for generating electricity and to
produce town gas.
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5.4 Energy sources

Fossil fuels take a very long time to

Extension
replenish after they are used. They
non-renewable
are called ____________________
energy sources.

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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
B. Concerns about
using fossil fuels

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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
1. Limited supply of
fossil fuels

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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.4

Extension
Energy use in the
past and today

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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.4
The following shows the lifestyles of people in the
past and today.

Extension
In the past

Today

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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.4
Can you tell why we are using more
fossil fuels than before?

Extension
Today, we need fossil fuels to
generate electricity to power
different machines and electrical
appliances. Besides, fossil fuels are
also used for transportation needs.
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5.4 Energy sources

In the past, most of the human activities, such as

keeping cool, travelling, and manufacturing
goods, were done manually.

Extension
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5.4 Energy sources

Today, we have a lot of electrical appliances,

vehicles and machines to help us do the work.

Extension
This greatly improves our living standards,
but at the same time increases our
demand for energy sources.
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5.4 Energy sources

Will fossil fuels

Extension
be used up?

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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5

Extension
How long can
fossil fuels last?

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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5
Study the information.
World consumption of fossil

Extension
Data file 1
fuels (2005 – 2015)
(Source: BP Statistical Review 2016)

Data file 2 World reserves of fossil fuels

(estimated in 2015)
(Source: BP Statistical Review 2016)
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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5
World consumption of coal and crude oil
Data file 1
6000

Extension
5000
crude oil
Consumption 4000
(million 3000 coal
tonnes) 2000
1000

0
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Year
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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5
Data file 1 World consumption of natural gas
3500

Extension
3000
2500 natural gas
Consumption
2000
(billion m3)
1500
1000
500
0
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Year
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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5
Data file 2

Extension
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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5
Answer the questions.
1. How much were the world consumptions

Extension
of coal, crude oil and natural gas in 2015?
Coal: _______________________;
3800 million tonnes
Crude oil: ___________________;
4300 million tonnes
3500 billion m3
Natural gas: _________________

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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5
2. Based on the consumption of the fossil
fuels and their reserves in 2015,

Extension
estimate how many years each of these
fuels can last.
891 531
3800 = 235 years
Coal: ___________________________
239 400
= 56 years
Crude oil: _______________________
4300
186 900
Natural gas: _____________________
3500 = 53 years
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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5

3.(a) What assumptions have you made

in your estimations?

Extension
The world consumption of coal,
____________________________
crude oil and natural gas remains
____________________________
unchanged.
____________________________

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5.4 Energy sources

Activity 5.5

3.(b) Do you think these fossil fuels will

eventually be used up? Explain

Extension
your answer.
They will be used up sooner
____________________________
because the world consumption
____________________________
seems to increase.
____________________________

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5.4 Energy sources

2. Problems associated

Extension
with the burning of
fossil fuels

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5.4 Energy sources

The burning of fossil fuels in power

stations, factories and vehicles
releases many harmful substances.

Extension
nitrogen oxides sulphur dioxide

carbon monoxide
lead
carbon dioxide

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5.4 Energy sources

What are the problems associated

with the harmful substances and
carbon dioxide?

Extension
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5.4 Energy sources

Problem: Air pollution

Air pollution can cause many health
problems. For example,
dizziness and

Extension
irritating our eyes headaches
and throat

respiratory
diseases such as
bronchitis and
asthma

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5.4 Energy sources

Problem: Global warming

Sun
Greenhouse

Extension
gases such as
carbon dioxide
heat that and nitrogen
heat is trapped
from oxides can trap
the Sun heat in the
atmosphere.
Earth
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5.4 Energy sources

Sun
As the amount of
carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
nitrogen oxides
nitrogen oxides
these gases
carbon dioxide
increases, more

Extension
heat is trapped in
heat
from more heat the atmosphere.
the Sun that is
trapped
Earth
average temperature of the Earth
increases
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5.4 Energy sources

Global warming speeds up the melting

of ice at the North and South Poles.
This leads to a rise in sea level.
Low-lying coastal areas may face a high

Extension
risk of flooding.

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5.4 Energy sources

Problem: Acid rain

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can

Extension
dissolve in rainwater to form acid rain.

Damages cause by acid rain:

• Make the lake water acidic and cause
harm to fish and aquatic life
• Damage trees, plants and buildings
made of metals or stone
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5.4 Energy sources

Here are some concerns about using fossil

fuels:

Extension
•The reserves of fossil fuels are
limited and will soon be used up.
__________
• The burning of fossil fuels causes harm
to our health and our environment.

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5.4 Energy sources

5.7 e-Checkpoint 5.7

True or false
(a) Fossil fuels were formed from the
T

Extension
remains of dead plants and
animals millions of years ago.
(b) Crude oil will never run out. F

(c) The burning of fossil fuels will

T
release a large amount of carbon
dioxide into the air.
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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
C. Alternative energy
sources

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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
1. Nuclear Power

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5.4 Energy sources

Nuclear power is a non-renewable

energy source because nuclear fuel
(uranium) is non-renewable.

Extension
About 25% of electricity used in Hong Kong comes from
the Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station
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5.4 Energy sources

How do nuclear power stations produce

electricity?
1. Nuclear fuels undergo reactions which
release heat.

Extension
2. The heat is used to boil water to steam.

3. The steam drives a turbine, which in

turn drives a generator that produces
electricity.
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5.4 Energy sources

Advantages and limitations of nuclear power:

• A small amount of nuclear
Advantage fuel can be used to generate a
large amount of electricity.

Extension
• The nuclear fuel supply is
limited.
Limitation • Nuclear fuels and the waste
produced in nuclear power
stations are highly dangerous.

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5.4 Energy sources

Solar energy Wind power

Extension
Have you heard these
energy sources before?

Hydroelectric
power Biomass energy
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5.4 Energy sources

Solar energy, wind power, hydroelectric

power and biomass energy are
examples of renewable energy

Extension
sources.
People developed renewable energy
to replace fossil fuels.

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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
2. Solar energy

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5.4 Energy sources

Solar energy is the energy supplied

by the Sun.

Extension
solar collector
solar panels

Solar collectors or solar panels are commonly installed

on the roofs of buildings to collect solar energy.
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5.4 Energy sources
Advantages and limitations of solar energy:
• It can be replenished in a short
period of time.
Advantage
• It causes less pollution than

Extension
non-renewable energy sources.
• The energy supply is affected by
day length and sunlight intensity.
Limitation • Special equipment is needed to
collect sunlight. This equipment
is costly to build and install.
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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
3. Wind Power

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5.4 Energy sources

People have used wind power for

hundreds of years.
For example

Extension
People built
windmills to
produce energy for
grinding grains.

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5.4 Energy sources

Today, people use wind turbines to

produce electricity.

Extension
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5.4 Energy sources

When the wind blows, the turbine

rotates and drives a generator which
produces electricity.

Extension
blades
generator

wind

electricity

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5.4 Energy sources

Advantages and limitations of wind power:

• It can be replenished in a short

period of time.

Extension
Advantage
• It causes less pollution than
non-renewable energy sources.

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5.4 Energy sources
Advantages and limitations of wind power (con’t):
• The supply of wind power
depends on the availability and
speed of wind.

Extension
• It causes noise pollution and
Limitation birds are sometimes killed by
the blades of wind turbines.
• Some people also feel that wind
turbines make the landscape
look unsightly.
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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
4. Hydroelectric power

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5.4 Energy sources

Hydroelectric power makes

use of the energy of moving water to
generate electricity.

Extension
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5.4 Energy sources
How does hydroelectric power produce electricity?

1. The water in the reservoir flows down.

Potential energy of the water is then
converted into kinetic energy.

Extension
dam
generator gate
open

reservoir
turbine

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5.4 Energy sources
How does hydroelectric power produce electricity
(con’t)?

electricity

Extension
2. The flowing
water drives a dam
turbine, which generator gate
in turn drives a open
generator to
produce
reservoir
electricity. turbine
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5.4 Energy sources

Advantages and limitations of hydroelectric

power:
• It can be replenished in a short

Extension
period of time.
Advantage
• It causes less pollution than
non-renewable energy sources.

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5.4 Energy sources

Advantages and limitations of hydroelectric

power (con’t):
• The construction of large dams

Extension
destroys local land and water
habitats. This causes harm to
Limitation the animals and plants living
there. People living near a dam
site may also need to move to
other places.

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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
5. Biomass energy

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5.4 Energy sources

The chemical energy that is stored in

plants or in animal waste is called
biomass energy.

Extension
Biomass energy is a renewable energy
source because its supplies can be
replenished in a short period of time.

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5.4 Energy sources

Scientists have found ways to use

biomass energy.
For example

Extension
Sugar, starch or oil is extracted from
crops (e.g. soybean, sugarcane and
maize) and food waste to produce
biofuels.

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5.4 Energy sources

Biofuels can be used to power vehicles,

and for heating or cooking.
This vehicle runs on

Extension
biofuel which is
produced from
soybeans.

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5.4 Energy sources

Advantages and limitations of biomass energy:

• It can be replenished in a short
period of time.

Extension
Advantage
• It causes less pollution than
non-renewable energy sources.

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5.4 Energy sources
Advantages and limitations of biomass energy
(con’t):
• A large area of land is needed to
grow crops used for the

Extension
production of biofuels. The use
of agricultural plants as biofuels
Limitation may increase the prices of crops.
• If unused waste is not treated
properly, it may release gases with
a foul smell and attract pests such
as rats and flies.
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5.4 Energy sources

Waste-to-energy
T·PARK is Hong Kong’s first waste-to-energy plant.

Extension
Sewage sludge is used as fuel.
The thermal energy produced
from the sludge incineration
process is converted into
electrical energy.

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5.4 Energy sources

Nuclear power, solar energy, wind

Extension
power, hydroelectric power and
biomass energy are energy sources
which can serve as alternatives to
fossil fuels.

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5.4 Energy sources

Should we use nuclear power?

Today, nuclear power plays an important

Extension
role in electricity generation worldwide.
However, nuclear power is a controversial
source of energy.
Conduct a debate in the class on the topic
‘Should we use nuclear power?’.
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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
D. Saving energy

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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
1. How can we save
energy?

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5.4 Energy sources

Actions to save energy in daily life:

Turn off electrical appliances when
they are not in use.

Extension
Choose electrical appliances with
Grade 1 energy efficiency labels.
Set the air conditioner to keep a
moderate temperature such as 25 °C.

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5.4 Energy sources

Actions to save energy in daily life

(con’t):
Hang clothes to dry instead of using a

Extension
dryer.
Use public transport instead of private
vehicles.
Use the staircase instead of taking a
lift if you need to go up or down only
one to two floors.
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5.4 Energy sources

Extension
2. Development of
new technologies

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5.4 Energy sources

People have developed new technologies

to help save energy or use energy more
efficiency.

Extension
Let’s look at some examples.

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5.4 Energy sources

Energy-saving escalator
This escalator runs at normal speed when
people walk near to it. When it is not in use,
it will run at a slower speed in order to save

Extension
energy.

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5.4 Energy sources

Double glazing windows

Double glazing windows
trap a layer of air between
two panels of glass. As air is

Extension
a good insulator of heat,
the windows keep the room
cool by blocking out the
heat from the Sun. This
helps reduce the electricity
used by air conditioners.

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5.4 Energy sources

Light tubes
They can capture sunlight and reflect it into
the building. This cuts down the energy

Extension
needed for lighting.

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5.4 Energy sources

Electric vehicles
They use less energy than petrol cars.

Extension
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5.4 Energy sources

We can reduce the use of

Extension
fossil fuels by saving energy
and developing energy-saving
technologies.

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5.4 Energy sources

5.8 e-Checkpoint 5.8

Give THREE ways to save energy in daily life.

Turn off electrical appliances when they
(a) _________________________________

Extension
are not in use.
_________________________________
(b) _________________________________
Choose electrical appliances with
_________________________________
Grade 1 energy efficiency labels.
(c) _________________________________
Set the air conditioner to keep a
_________________________________
moderate temperature.
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